Simplified hierarchy for terms used within OncoTree
English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software.
A property created to allow the source CDRH to assign a parent to each concept with the intent of creating a hierarchy that includes only terms in which they are the contributing source.
A property created to allow the source NICHD to assign a parent to each concept with the intent of creating a hierarchy that includes only terms in which they are the contributing source.
Indicates that a neoplastic disease can have the characteristics defined by a Neoplasm by Special Category concept.
The semantic type describes the sort of thing or category to which a concept belongs in the context of the UMLS semantic network.
In general, applying semantic types aids in allowing users (or computer programs) to draw conclusions about concepts by virtue of the categories to which they have been assigned. We use a set of semantic types developed for the UMLS Metathesaurus. There are currently 134 semantic types in the UMLS.
Provides an alternative Preferred Name for use in some NCI systems.
The word or phrase that NCI uses by preference to refer to the concept.
Concept Unique Identifiers, or CUIs, are concept numbers assigned by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). If a concept in any NCI-maintained knowledgebase exists in the NLM Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), NCI includes the NLM CUI among the information we provide about the concept.
Contains a Concept Unique Identifier for those concepts that appear in NCI Metathesaurus but not in the NLM UMLS.
An NCI Thesaurus property used to indicate the standing of a concept in relation to currently accepted classifications and concepts. In NCI Thesaurus concept status subtype indicates concepts with unusual and problematic characteristics that should be evaluated by people and/or programs before those concept are used.
Used to flag terms that are part of an FDA data standard manual, including Route of Administration, Dosage Form, Package Type and Potency.
This property is used to indicate when a non-EVS entity has contributed to, and has a stake in, a concept. This is used where such entities, within or outside NCI, have indicated the need to be able to track their own concepts. A single concept can have multiple instances of this property if multiple entities have such a defined stake.
English language definitions of what a source other than NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They include information about the definition's source in a form that can easily be interpreted by software.
Indicates the matching ICD-O-3 code for the NCI Thesaurus concept.
The morphologic, clinical, and genetic profile of a neoplastic growth that defines it as non-cancerous, cancerous, or of uncertain cancerous potential.
A retired unique concept identifier created and stored as Concept Name by legacy EVS software. Use of these values was long discouraged, but continued as late as 2009 when creation of new values ceased and Concept Name was retired. Legacy values are intended solely to help resolve and update earlier coding.
Indicates whether or not a value set is ready for publication in the browser.
Indicates that a term in another terminology has been mapped to a term in NCIt and describes the relationship between the mapped terms.
Design notes are notations made by NCI vocabulary curators. They are intended to provide supplemental, unstructured information to the user or additional insight about the concept.
Fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software.
Used to associate the concept defining a particular terminology subset with concepts that belong to this subset.
Germ cell tumors of the central nervous system other than germinoma. This category includes teratoma, choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac tumor.
Central Nervous System Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor
Nongerminomatous germ cell tumor of the CNS
A malignant germ cell tumor other than dysgerminoma that arises from the ovary.
Ovarian Non-Dysgerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor
Ovarian Nondysgerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor
Ovarian nondysgerminomatous germ cell tumor, NOS
A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the pharynx.
Pharyngeal (including Hypopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal) squamous cell carcinoma
An anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III astrocytic tumor) or glioblastoma (grade IV astrocytic tumor).
A category of diseases that involve muscles and bones.
A melanoma that arises from a mucosal site.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the cardiovascular system.
A grade I or grade II astrocytic tumor. This category includes pilocytic astrocytoma (grade I), subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (grade I), and diffuse astrocytoma (grade II).
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the ears, nose, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, or throat.
A leiomyosarcoma arising from an anatomic site other than skin.
A term that refers to germinoma, seminoma, or dysgerminoma.
A malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of primitive, large germ cells and lymphocytes. These tumors (germinoma, seminoma, or dysgerminoma) are histologically identical, and are distinguished only by their location.
A term that refers to teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, or mixed forms of these tumors.
A germ cell tumor other than a pure germinoma. These tumors (choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumor, and mixed germ cell tumor) are histologically distinct from one another.
Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor Including Central Nervous System
An uncommon variant of rhabdomyosarcoma with spindle cell or sclerosing morphology. It affects both children and adults and it is more common in males.
Spindle Cell/Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma
An angiosarcoma that arises from the soft tissues, usually in the deep muscles of the lower extremities, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, and mesentery.
A soft tissue tumor of uncertain differentiation which is locally aggressive but rarely metastasizes.
Intermediate Soft Tissue Tumor of Uncertain Differentiation
Intermediate Soft Tissue Neoplasm of Uncertain Differentiation
A term that refers to a heterogeneous group of uncommon soft tissue sarcomas that do not show an identifiable line of differentiation using currently available technologies. This is a diagnosis of exclusion and includes undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (also known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma), undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma, undifferentiated round cell sarcoma, and undifferentiated epithelioid sarcoma.
Undifferentiated/Unclassified Soft Tissue Sarcoma
A locally aggressive or rarely metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the bone.
A benign but locally aggressive giant cell tumor that arises from the bone.
Intermediate Osteoclastic Giant Cell-Rich Tumor of Bone
Intermediate Osteoclastic Giant Cell-Rich Tumor of the Bone
A benign but locally aggressive tumor that arises from the bone and is composed of mononuclear cells admixed with macrophages and osteoclast-like giant cells. It usually arises from the ends of long bones or the vertebrae. Clinical presentation includes pain, edema, and decreased range of motion in the affected joint.
A benign neoplasm of bone comprised of giant cells (osteoclast-like) and mononuclear cells.
A human biological structure, fluid or other substance; excludes single molecular entities.
Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance
The lower part of the uterus occupying the region between the isthmus of the uterus and the vagina. It is divided into supravaginal and vaginal portions.
The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina.
The portion of the uterus (or uterine horns) that empties into the vagina.
The accessory structures of the uterus, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, broad ligament, and the ovarian and uterine ligaments.
Connective tissue that forms the skeletal components of the body.
Calcified connective tissue that forms the skeletal components of the body. (NCI)
An organ located under the diaphragm, between the liver and the spleen as well as between the esophagus and the small intestine. The stomach is the primary organ of food digestion.
An organ that is part of the digestive system. It helps in the digestion of food by mixing it with digestive juices and churning it into a thin liquid.
The portion of the gastrointestinal tract located between the esophagus and the proximal duodenum.
A triangular-shaped organ located under the diaphragm in the right hypochondrium. It is the largest internal organ of the body, weighting up to 2 kg. Metabolism and bile secretion are its main functions. It is composed of cells which have the ability to regenerate.
A large organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile.
An abdominal organ that has variable lobation which are composed mainly of hepatic lobules.
An organ behind the lower part of the stomach that is the shape of a fish and about the size of a hand. It is a compound gland composed of both exocrine and endocrine tissues. The endocrine pancreas makes insulin so that the body can use glucose (sugar) for energy. The exocrine pancreas makes enzymes that help the body digest food. Spread all over the pancreas are areas called the Islets of Langerhans. The cells in these areas each have a special purpose. The alpha cells make glucagon, which raises the level of glucose in the blood; the beta cells make insulin; the delta cells make somatostatin. There are also PP cells and D1 cells, about which little is known.
A digestive organ in the abdomen that has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
A glandular organ located in the abdomen. It makes pancreatic juices, which contain enzymes that aid in digestion, and it produces several hormones, including insulin. The pancreas is surrounded by the stomach, intestines, and other organs.
from Diabetes Dictionary: http://www.childrenwithdiabetes.com/dictionary
An endocrine gland located at the base of the neck that produces and secretes thyroxine and other hormones. Thyroxine is important for metabolic control.
A gland located beneath the larynx (voice box) that makes thyroid hormone and calcitonin. The thyroid gland helps regulate growth and metabolism.
Endocrine gland(s) adjacent to the trachea in mammals that produce thyroxine and other hormones.
One of the paired female reproductive glands containing the ova or germ cells; the ovary's stroma is a vascular connective tissue containing numbers of ovarian follicles enclosing the ova.
The pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus.
A hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ located within the pelvic cavity of a woman. Within the uterus the fertilized egg implants and the fetus develops during pregnancy.
A hollow muscular organ within which the fertilized egg implants and the embryo/fetus develops during pregnancy.
The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops.
The external, visible part of the female genitalia surrounding the urethral and vaginal opening. The vulva includes the clitoris and inner as well as outer labia.
The external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina.
The external, visible part of the female genitalia surrounding the urethral and vaginal opening(s).
The male organ of urination and copulation.
An external male reproductive organ. It contains a tube called the urethra, which carries semen and urine to the outside of the body.
The male organ of urination and copulation. (NCI)
The walnut shaped accessory sex gland of the male reproductive system. It is located in the pelvis just below the bladder, surrounding the prostatic part of the urethra. The prostate gland secretes a fluid which is part of the semen.
A gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen.
The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals.
Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones.
One of two egg-shaped glands inside the scrotum that produce sperm and male hormones.
The distensible sac-like organ that functions as a reservoir of urine, collecting from the kidneys and eliminating via the urethra.
The distensible sac-like organ that functions as a reservoir of urine, collecting from the kidneys and eliminating via the urethra. (NCI)
One of the two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the spine in the retroperitoneum. The right kidney is located below the liver and the left kidney below the diaphragm. The kidneys filter and secret the metabolic products and minerals from the blood, thus maintaining the homeostasis. On the superior pole of each kidney there is an adrenal gland. Each kidney and adrenal gland is surrounded by fat.
One of a pair of organs in the abdomen. Kidneys remove waste from the blood (as urine), produce erythropoietin (a substance that stimulates red blood cell production), and play a role in blood pressure regulation.
The organs of the urinary tract located in the retroperitoneal cavity adjacent to the spine and composed of the renal cortex and the renal medulla.
For oncology, an area of the body generally construed to comprise the base of skull and facial bones, sinuses, orbits, salivary glands, oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, thyroid, facial and neck musculature and lymph nodes draining these areas.
The area of the body comprising the skull, facial bones and the cervical vertebrae, sinuses, orbits, salivary glands, oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, thyroid, facial and neck musculature, soft tissue and lymph nodes draining these areas.
A bi-lobed organ surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. It is located in the upper anterior portion of the chest, behind the sternum. It is composed predominantly of lymphocytes and fewer epithelial cells. Connective tissue septa separate the lobes into lobules. The lobules contain an outer portion (cortical zone) which is rich in lymphocytes and an inner portion (medullary zone) which is rich in epithelial cells. It is an organ essential for the development of the immune system. Its function is the maturation of the progenitor lymphoid cells to thymocytes and subsequently to mature T-cells. It reaches its greatest weight at puberty and subsequently begins to involute.
A primary lymphoid organ generally located in the mediastinum near the thoracic inlet and/or along lateral aspects of the neck.
An organ that is part of the lymphatic system, in which T lymphocytes grow and multiply. The thymus is in the chest behind the breastbone.
A liquid tissue; its major function is to transport oxygen throughout the body. It also supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection. Several hormones also travel in the blood.
A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. It supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.
A tissue with red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other substances suspended in fluid called plasma. Blood takes oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and carries away wastes.
The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.
The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. (NCI)
That part of the nervous system consisting of the nerves and neurons that reside or extend outside the central nervous system.
One of a pair of viscera occupying the pulmonary cavities of the thorax, the organs of respiration in which aeration of the blood takes place. As a rule, the right lung is slightly larger than the left and is divided into three lobes (an upper, a middle, and a lower or basal), while the left has two lobes (an upper and a lower or basal). Each lung is irregularly conical in shape, presenting a blunt upper extremity (the apex), a concave base following the curve of the diaphragm, an outer convex surface (costal surface), an inner or mediastinal surface (mediastinal surface), a thin and sharp anterior border, and a thick and rounded posterior border.
A thoracic organ that has variable lobation and is the primary respiratory organ of mammals.
One of a pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
The tissue that lines the wall of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs.
A thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity. It protects and cushions the lungs. This tissue secretes a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant, allowing the lungs to move smoothly in the chest cavity while breathing.
The serous membrane that lines the wall of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs.
An organ that constitutes the external surface of the body. It consists of the epidermis, dermis, and skin appendages.
An organ that constitutes the external surface of the body. It consists of the epidermis, dermis, and skin appendages. (NCI)
ICDO3: excludes skin of vulva C51._, skin of penis C60.9, skin of scrotum C63.2
Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body.
Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, organ parenchyma, or other supporting tissue of the body.
A morphologic variant of glioblastoma characterized by the presence of a highly proliferative and monotonous population of malignant small glial cells.
A flattened, roughly triangular body resting upon the upper end of each kidney; it is one of the ductless glands furnishing internal secretions (epinephrine and norepinephrine from the medulla and steroid hormones from the cortex).
A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions. There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney.
The endocrine glands adjacent to the kidneys that consist of the outer adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla in mammals.
The system that transports bile from the hepatocytes in the liver to the small intestine. It is comprised of the intrahepatic bile ducts, hepatic ducts, common bile duct, cystic duct, and the gallbladder.
The duct system that transports bile from its origination by hepatocytes in the liver to the small intestine. It is comprised of the common bile duct that connects the liver and gall bladder to the small intestine and the cystic duct that connects the gall bladder to the common bile duct. (NCI)
The organs and ducts that make and store bile (a fluid made by the liver that helps digest fat), and release it into the small intestine. The biliary tract includes the gallbladder and bile ducts inside and outside the liver.
Ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.
A gland from which secretions reach a free surface of the body by ducts.
A type of gland that is found in the skin, breast, eyelid, and ear. Apocrine glands in the breast secrete fat droplets into breast milk and those in the ear help form earwax. Apocrine glands in the skin and eyelid are sweat glands. Most apocrine glands in the skin are in the armpits, the groin, and the area around the nipples of the breast. Apocrine glands in the skin are scent glands, and their secretions usually have an odor. Another type of gland (eccrine gland or simple sweat gland) produces most sweat.
A reproductive system organ that produces and releases either sperm (testis) or eggs (ovary).
A reproductive organ that produces gametes.
The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovaries) or sperm (testicles/testes).
The portion of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the anus. It includes the small intestine and large intestine.
The long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. The intestine has two parts, the small intestine and the large intestine.
The portion of the gastrointestinal tract that includes the small and large intestines.
A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures.
A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface.
The tissue that lines the wall of the abdominal cavity, intestine, and mesentery. It consists of the parietal peritoneum that covers the inside of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum that covers the surface of the intestine and mesentery.
The membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
The tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen.
A group of malignant gliomas that includes anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, and anaplastic ependymoma.
An anatomical structure consisting of similarly specialized cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships, performing a specific function.
A group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
An anatomical structure consisting of similarly specialized cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships, performing a specific function. (NCI)
A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the cervix. This category includes low grade neuroendocrine tumor, grade 1 (carcinoid tumor), low grade neuroendocrine tumor, grade 2 (atypical carcinoid tumor), and neuroendocrine carcinoma (small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma).
A malignant, high grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the cervix. This category includes small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Cervical High Grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
A germ tumor that arises from the vagina.
A childhood diffuse midline glioma characterized by the presence of histone H3 K27M mutation.
A glioma that has diffusely infiltrated the surrounding central nervous system tissues.
A central nervous system neoplasm mostly occurring in the fourth ventricle region. It is characterized by the presence of neurocytes forming pseudorosettes and astrocytes which contain Rosenthal fibers. Cytologic atypia is minimal.
A mesenchymal, non-meningothelial neoplasm arising from the central nervous system. It is characterized by a collagenous and low cellularity spindle cell and/or hemangiopericytomatous histopathological pattern, recurrent intrachromosomal rearrangement on chromosome 12q that results in the fusion of the NAB2 and STAT6 genes, high recurrence rates, and long-term risk of systemic metastasis.
Central Nervous System Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma
CNS Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma
The supporting connective tissue of an organ.
One of two hemispheric projections of variable size situated in the subcutaneous layer over the pectoralis major muscle on either side of the chest.
Glandular organ located on the chest. The breast is made up of connective tissue, fat, and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk.
One of two hemispheric projections of variable size situated in the subcutaneous layer over the pectoralis major muscle on either side of the chest. (NCI)
The junction of the common bile and main pancreatic ducts, which protrudes into the medial aspect of the descending duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. The flow of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum through the Ampulla of Vater is controlled by the sphincter of Oddi.
An enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas at the point where they enter the small intestine.
A unique macroscopic (gross) anatomic structure that performs specific functions. It is composed of various tissues. An organ is part of an anatomic system or a body region. Representative examples include the heart, lung, liver, spleen, and uterus.
A part of the body that performs a specific function. For example, the heart is an organ.
Any component of the female organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in their union and subsequent development as offspring.
Any component of the entire nerve apparatus, including the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses.
A grade I or grade II glioma arising from the central nervous system. This category includes pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma, and angiocentric glioma.
Material produced by living organisms; it can be a necessary constituent of, or product of an organismal process.
A glioma arising from the central nervous system. This category includes diffuse astrocytoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, and oligoastrocytoma.
A clear, transparent, sometimes faintly yellow and slightly opalescent fluid that is collected from the tissues throughout the body, flows in the lymphatic vessels (through the lymph nodes), and is eventually added to the venous blood circulation. Lymph consists of a clear liquid portion, varying numbers of white blood cells (chiefly lymphocytes), and a few red blood cells.
A clear, transparent, sometimes faintly yellow and slightly opalescent fluid that is collected from the tissues throughout the body, flows in the lymphatic vessels (through the lymph nodes), and is eventually added to the venous blood circulation. Lymph consists of a clear liquid portion, varying numbers of white blood cells (chiefly lymphocytes), and a few red blood cells. (NCI)
The clear fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infections and other diseases.
An organ that produces and secretes hormones (e.g. endocrine gland), saliva or sweat (e.g. exocrine gland).
An organ that makes one or more substances, such as hormones, digestive juices, sweat, tears, saliva, or milk. Endocrine glands release the substances directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands release the substances into a duct or opening to the inside or outside of the body.
A subset of node-based peripheral T-cell lymphomas with phenotypic features of T follicular helper (TFH) cells. This category includes angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, follicular T-cell lymphomas, and nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas with T follicular helper phenotype.
Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma of T Follicular Helper Cell Origin
Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma of TFH Cell Origin
A term that refers to the staging of breast cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. It applies to invasive (infiltrating) carcinoma of the breast and ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. It does not apply to breast sarcoma, phyllodes tumor, and breast lymphoma. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)
A term that refers to the staging of breast cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system should only be used in global regions where biomarker tests are not routinely available. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)
Breast Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Anatomic Stage
Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Ductal carcinoma in situ. Lobular carcinoma in situ is a benign entity and is removed from TNM staging in the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th Edition. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis is identified or isolated tumor cell clusters (ITCs) are identified only. M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases. Imaging studies are not required to assign the M0 category. (AJCC 8th ed.)
Anatomic Stage 0 Breast Carcinoma AJCC v8
A lung tumor that arises from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs).
A lymphoproliferative disorder caused by the human herpesvirus HHV8. This category includes HHV8-positive multicentric Castleman disease, HHV8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, and germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorders.
HHV8-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorder
A carcinoma that arises from the bladder mucosa and invades the bladder wall.
A neoplasm that arises from the cerebral hemispheres.
This category includes two main sub-groups, according to the degree of cytological atypia and clinical aggressiveness: Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Langerhans cell sarcoma. (WHO 2017)
Different than the one(s) previously specified or mentioned.
Different than the one(s) previously specified or mentioned. (NCI)
A distinguishing quality or prominent aspect of a person, object, action, process, or substance.
A term that refers to any anatomic structure that is part of the digestive system.
Any component of the system of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, joints and associated tissues that move the body and maintain its form.
A neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorder that affects the production and proliferation of the hematopoietic cells including lymphoid cells, the synthesis of hemoglobin, and/or the mechanisms of coagulation.
Non-Neoplastic Hematologic and Lymphocytic Disorder
A disorder of the blood. Some nonmalignant hematologic disorders may lead to leukemia.
Non-Malignant Hematologic and Lymphocytic Disorder
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which results from exposure to radiation. Examples of non-neoplastic disorders include dermatitis, enteritis, stomatitis, pneumonitis, and cerebritis. Examples of neoplastic disorders include myelodysplastic syndromes, leukemias, and sarcomas.
Any disease affecting the adrenal gland.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anal canal or anal margin. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hemorrhoids and anal ulcer. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the breast. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include fibrocystic disease, gynecomastia, and mastitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include fibroadenoma, lobular neoplasia, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
An invasive adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glandular cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Often, the infiltrating glandular structures are associated with mucoid stromal formation. It may arise from the large and small intestine, appendix, stomach, lung, ovary, breast, corpus uteri, cervix, vagina, and salivary gland.
A type of cancer that begins in cells that line certain internal organs and produce mucin (the main component of mucus).
An adenocarcinoma comprising neoplastic glandular cells containing intracytoplasmic mucin.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the connective tissue.
A disorder characterized by abnormalities in one or more of the elements of the connective tissues, typically associated with genetic defects.
A neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorder that affects one of the cranial nerves.
Impaired or altered function of one or more of the cranial nerves.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the eye. Representative examples include conjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataract, conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, uveal melanoma, and retinoblastoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the testis or the ovary.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the small or large intestine.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the larynx. Representative examples include laryngitis, vocal cord polyp, squamous papilloma, and carcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the structures of the mediastinum. Representative examples include mediastinitis, mediastinal lipoma, mediastinal schwannoma, thymoma, and mediastinal lymphoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the ovary. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include endometriosis and polycystic ovarian disease. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumors, germ cell tumors, and sex cord-stromal tumors.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pancreas. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include pancreatitis and pancreatic insufficiency. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include cystadenomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, and neuroendocrine neoplasms.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the penis. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include phimosis, balanitis, and hypospadias. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hemangioma, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and penile carcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the peritoneal cavity. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include peritonitis and panniculitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include adenomatoid tumor, primary peritoneal carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma to the peritoneum, and malignant mesothelioma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pharynx. Representative examples include pharyngitis and carcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pituitary gland. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include pituitary gland hypoplasia and apoplexy. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include pituitary gland adenoma and carcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the placenta. Representative examples include chorioamnionitis, hemangioma, and choriocarcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pleura. Representative examples include pleural infection, pleural mesothelioma, and pleural solitary fibrous tumor.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the prostate gland. Representative examples include prostatitis, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and carcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system. Representative examples include pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary failure, lung adenoma, lung carcinoma, and tracheal carcinoma.
An abnormal structure or function of the retina and its associated tissues.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic (benign or malignant) disorder involving a salivary gland.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the stomach. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include gastritis and gastric ulcer. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include adenomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the testis. Representative examples include torsion, infarction, germ cell tumor, sex cord-stromal tumor, lymphoma, and leukemia.
A disorder characterized by involvement of the testis.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thyroid gland. Representative examples include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, follicular adenoma, and carcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the urethra.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the uterine corpus or the cervix. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include endometritis and cervicitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include endometrial carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and cervical carcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the uvea. Representative examples include uveitis, chorioretinitis, and uveal melanoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the vagina. Representative examples include vaginal infection, vaginal polyp, and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thymus. Representative examples include thymic hyperplasia, thymoma, and thymic carcinoma.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of spindle cells and anaplastic morphologic features. Giant cells and a sarcomatous component may also be present.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of spindle cells.
A type of cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs and that contains long spindle-shaped cells.
A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of spindle-shaped cells. This is a morphologic term which can be applied to a wide range of sarcomas.
A type of connective tissue cancer in which the cells are spindle-shaped when examined under a microscope.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the male genital system. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include infection, testicular torsion, and undescended testis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include germ cell tumors, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the female genital system. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include infection, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include germ cell tumors, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the soft tissue.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the endocrine pancreatic tissue (islets of Langerhans). Representative examples include diabetes mellitus and neuroendocrine neoplasms.
A poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with spindle cell features.
Spindle Cell (Sarcomatoid) Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A benign hair follicle neoplasm with trichoblastic differentiation. It usually presents as a solitary papular lesion It most often presents on the head and neck area, but it may develop in any anatomic site containing hair follicles. Because of its benign nature, treatment usually is not required, provided that the diagnosis has been established with certainty.
A benign hair follicle neoplasm with trichoblastic differentiation.
A neoplasm arising from hematopoietic cells found in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes and spleen (organs of the hematopoietic system). Hematopoietic cell neoplasms can also involve other anatomic sites (e.g. central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract), either by metastasis, direct tumor infiltration, or neoplastic transformation of extranodal lymphoid tissues. The commonest forms are the various types of leukemia, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm
A cancer of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia or lymphoma.
A malignant neoplasm composed of hemolymphoreticular cells.
Hematopoietic Neoplasms including Lymphomas
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the olfactory nerve (first cranial nerve).
A disorder characterized by involvement of the olfactory nerve (first cranial nerve).
An aggressive malignant tumor arising from trophoblastic cells in the uterus during pregnancy. Approximately half of the cases develop from a complete hydatidiform mole. There is often marked elevation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the blood. Choriocarcinomas disseminate rapidly through the hematogenous route; the lungs are most frequently affected.
Gestational Uterine Corpus Choriocarcinoma
Uterine Corpus Gestational Choriocarcinoma
An adenocarcinoma with eccrine differentiation arising from the sweat glands. It includes the following subtypes: ductal eccrine adenocarcinoma, papillary eccrine carcinoma, and eccrine porocarcinoma.
A malignant carcinoma with eccrine differentiation arising from the sweat glands.
A category of clonal hematopoietic disorders that have both myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features at the time of initial presentation.
Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Disease
Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases
Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Disorder
Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Disorders
Myeloproliferative/Myelodysplastic Disorders
Myeloproliferative/Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Glandular Cell Intraepithelial Neoplasia
A benign, well circumscribed sweat gland neoplasm with eccrine or apocrine differentiation. It usually presents as a solitary, dome-shaped papule, nodule, or plaque on acral sites. It is characterized by a proliferation of uniform basaloid cells in the dermis and it is associated with the presence of focal ductal and cystic structures. Complete excision is curative.
A spectrum of malignant tumors, affecting mostly males under age 20, characterized morphologically by the presence of small round cells. Ewing sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor represent the ends of a spectrum, with Ewing sarcoma lacking evidence of neural differentiation and the markers that characterize the peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Ewing sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor may share cytogenetic abnormalities, proto-oncogene expression, cell culture and immunohistochemical abnormalities. These tumors may occur in the soft tissues or the bones. Pain and the presence of a mass are the most common clinical symptoms.
Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
A group of cancers that includes Ewing tumor of bone (ETB or Ewing sarcoma of bone), extraosseous Ewing (EOE) tumors, primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET or peripheral neuroepithelioma), and Askin tumors (PNET of the chest wall). These tumors all come from the same type of stem cell.
Ewing's Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
An aggressive malignant neoplasm with a poor response to therapy, usually presenting as stage III/IV disease. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics similar to those seen in mature histiocytes.
A malignant neoplasm composed of cells resembling histiocytes.
A benign or malignant neoplasm of the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic bile ducts that occurs during childhood.
Childhood Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Neoplasm
An adenocarcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. According to the degree of differentiation, it is classified either as differentiated carcinoma (extensive evidence of follicular cell differentiation), or poorly differentiated carcinoma (limited evidence of follicular cell differentiation).
A carcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of small malignant cells. It includes small cell carcinoma, hypercalcemic type and small cell carcinoma, pulmonary type.
Ovarian Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
A primary malignant neoplasm of the vagina composed of malignant melanocytes.
An invasive adenocarcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of intestinal-type malignant epithelial cells.
Ampulla of Vater Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma
Ampulla of Vater Invasive Intestinal Type Adenocarcinoma
An epithelioid sarcoma predominantly involving the pelvis, perineum, and genital organs. It tends to have a more aggressive clinical course as compared to the more frequently seen distal-type epithelioid sarcoma.
A rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain differentiation, characterized by the presence of chondroblast-like cells in a myxoid stroma and a multinodular growth pattern. The most common sites of involvement are the deep soft tissues of the extremities, particularly the thigh. It usually presents as an enlarging soft tissue mass. Patients may have long survivals, but local recurrences and metastases occur in approximately half of the cases. The most common site of metastasis is the lungs.
A neoplasm that arises from the hair follicle and does not metastasize to other anatomic sites.
A benign neoplasm that arises from the hair follicle.
An adenocarcinoma arising from the sweat glands. Most cases present as nodular lesions on the digits, usually in the hands. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial cells in the dermis forming nodules. Cystic structures containing papillary projections are also present. It may recur and metastasize, most commonly to the lungs.
A term that refers to the classification of a disorder according to the anatomic site that is involved in the pathologic process.
A disorder involving lesions or eruptions of the skin, usually without inflammation.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region. This category includes inflammatory disorders, benign neoplasms, precancerous conditions, and malignant neoplasms.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the connective and soft tissue.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the oral cavity.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. Representative examples include inflammatory disorders, papillomas, and carcinomas.
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Disorder
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the neck region. This category includes disorders of the pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects structures of the skull.
Any disorder involving the peritoneal and retroperitoneal space.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system or the thorax including the mediastinum and the heart.
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disease
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorder
This category currently includes only malignancies in which there is a well documented association between the neoplastic process and a specific virus as a causative agent.--2003
A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis and is caused by human papillomavirus infection. Morphologic variants include basaloid carcinoma and warty carcinoma.
Human Papillomavirus-Related Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
HPV-Related Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Human Papilloma Virus Related Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Human Papilloma Virus-Related Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Human Papillomavirus-Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Human Papilloma Virus Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Human Papilloma Virus-Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Human Herpes Virus 8-Related Malignant Neoplasm
Human Papillomavirus-Related Malignant Neoplasm
Human Papilloma Virus-Related Malignancy
Human Papilloma Virus-Related Malignant Neoplasm
A low or intermediate grade well differentiated tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. According to the presence or absence of clinical syndromes that result from hormone hypersecretion, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are classified either as functional or nonfunctional.
A mass of abnormal cells that forms in the endocrine (hormone-producing) tissues of the pancreas. Islet cell tumors may be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer).
Well Differentiated Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasm
Well Differentiated Pancreatic Endocrine Tumor
A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation arising from the digestive system. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated endocrine tumors or carcinoid tumors and well differentiated endocrine carcinomas) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, small cell carcinomas, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas).
Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
Gastrointestinal System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
A cutaneous form of the genetic photosensitive disease, porphyria, that is characterized by onset in adult life and the presence of scarring bullae, hyperpigmentation, facial hypertrichosis, and sometimes sclerodermatous thickenings and alopecia. Uroporphyrins are found in the urine due to a deficiency of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, an enzyme required for the synthesis of heme.
A carcinoma characterized by the presence of large adenocarcinoma cells.
Acute myeloid leukemias that do not fulfill the criteria for inclusion in the group of acute myeloid leukemias which have recurrent genetic abnormalities or myelodysplastic changes, or are therapy-related. This category includes entities classified according to the French-American-British classification scheme.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Not Otherwise Categorized
A liposarcoma characterized by the presence of round non-lipogenic primitive mesenchymal cells and small signet ring lipoblasts within a myxoid stoma with a branching vascular pattern. This category includes hypercellular lesions with round cell morphology, formerly known as round cell liposarcoma.
A precancerous lesion that arises from the female reproductive system. Representative examples include atypical endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Female Reproductive System Precancerous Condition
An adenocarcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic bile ducts, the hepatic ducts, or the extrahepatic bile ducts. Adenocarcinomas that arise from the intrahepatic bile ducts or the hepatic ducts are called cholangiocarcinomas.
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct. Carcinomas that arise from the intrahepatic bile ducts and the hepatic ducts are called cholangiocarcinomas and are almost always adenocarcinomas. Carcinomas that arise from the extrahepatic bile ducts are adenocarcinomas, adenosquamous carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, small cell carcinomas, or mucoepidermoid carcinomas.
Cancer that forms in a bile duct. A bile duct is a tube that carries bile (fluid made by the liver that helps digest fat) between the liver and gallbladder and the intestine. Bile ducts include the common hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts. Bile duct cancer may be found inside the liver (intrahepatic) or outside the liver (extrahepatic).
Bile Duct Cancer (including Cholangiocarcinoma)
Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the endometrium (mucous membrane that lines the endometrial cavity).
A high grade, aggressive adenocarcinoma arising from the endometrium. It is characterized by the presence of complex papillary patterns with cellular budding. Atypical mitoses, necrosis, and psammoma bodies may be present. It is classified as type II endometrial carcinoma and it is not associated with endometrial hyperplasia. It tends to invade deeply into the myometrium and spreads into the lymphatic vessels. Patients frequently present with spread of the tumor beyond the uterus at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis is usually poor.
An invasive transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the urinary bladder urothelium.
Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
Infiltrating Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
Invasive Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
A group of kidney carcinomas characterized by the presence of different translocations involving the chromosome Xp11.2. These translocations result in the creation of gene fusions involving the TFE3 gene. Patients are usually children and young adults. Morphologically, the malignant epithelial cells form papillary patterns.
Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Xp11.2 Translocations/TFE3 Gene Fusions
Renal Cell Cancer Associated with Xp11.2 Translocations/TFE3 Gene Fusions
Xp11.2 Translocation-Related Renal Cell Carcinoma
A renal cell carcinoma characterized by morphologic features that do not fit easily into one of the other well-defined categories of renal cell carcinoma. Examples of such features include mixtures of morphologic patterns, mucin production, and sarcomatoid morphology.
A high grade carcinoma of the kidney. It is not a distinct clinicopathological entity and includes a diverse group of renal cell carcinomas which have been transformed from a lower to a higher grade.
Renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features
A group of neoplasms composed of T-lymphocytes with a mature (peripheral/post-thymic) immunophenotypic profile and/or NK-cells.
A neoplasm that arises from mature B-lymphocytes or plasma cells. Representative examples include mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and plasma cell neoplasms.
An indolent, mature B-cell neoplasm composed of small, round B-lymphocytes. When the bone marrow and peripheral blood are involved, the term chronic lymphocytic leukemia is used. The term small lymphocytic lymphoma is restricted to cases which do not show leukemic involvement of the bone marrow and peripheral blood.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
An indolent (slow-growing) cancer in which immature lymphocytes (white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow and/or in the lymph nodes. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are the same disease, but in CLL cancer cells are found mostly in the blood and bone marrow. In SLL cancer cells are found mostly in the lymph nodes. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
A spectrum of non-invasive neoplastic lesions that arise from the terminal ductal lobular units of the breast. There is atypical small epithelial cell proliferation. Pagetoid involvement of the terminal ducts may or may not be present. In the minority of cases, there is a risk for subsequent development of invasive ductal or invasive lobular carcinoma.
A group of non-invasive epithelial proliferations that occur in the ductal system of the breast. The vast majority of cases arise in the terminal ductal lobular units. This category includes atypical ductal hyperplasia, usual ductal hyperplasia, flat epithelial atypia, and ductal carcinoma in situ. There is an increased risk for subsequent development of invasive breast carcinoma.
Intraductal Proliferative Lesion of the Breast
Mammary Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Ductal Type
A general term used to describe carcinomas arising from epithelial cells that have been transformed into another cells type (metaplastic epithelial cells). A representative example is the adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett esophagus. This term is also used to describe carcinomas in which the malignant epithelial cells show differentiation towards another cell type. A representative example of the latter is the metaplastic breast carcinoma in which the malignant glandular cells show squamous, spindle cell, or chondroid/osseous differentiation.
A general term used to describe cancer that begins in cells that have changed into another cell type (for example, a squamous cell of the esophagus changing to resemble a cell of the stomach). In some cases, metaplastic changes alone may mean there is an increased chance of cancer developing at the site.
A term that helps define and render another concept unique.
A group of signs, symptoms, and clinicopathological characteristics that may or may not have a genetic basis and collectively define an abnormal condition.
A set of symptoms or conditions that occur together and suggest the presence of a certain disease or an increased chance of developing the disease.
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelium resembling the endocervical epithelium.
A carcinoma that arises in the area of the nipple. Representative examples include Paget disease and skin squamous cell carcinoma.
A common cancer characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells. Morphologically, adenocarcinomas are classified according to the growth pattern (e.g., papillary, alveolar) or according to the secreting product (e.g., mucinous, serous). Representative examples of adenocarcinoma are ductal and lobular breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma), colon adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma.
A malignant neoplasm arising from glandular cells.
Cancer that begins in cells that line certain internal organs and that have gland-like (secretory) properties.
A morphologic variant of adenocarcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern. Representative examples include thyroid gland papillary carcinoma, invasive papillary breast carcinoma, and ovarian serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma.
An adenocarcinoma with papillary growth pattern.
A neoplasm arising from the epithelium. It may be encapsulated or non-encapsulated but non-invasive. The neoplastic epithelial cells may or may not display cellular atypia or dysplasia. In the gastrointestinal tract, when dysplasia becomes severe it is sometimes called carcinoma in situ. Representative examples are pituitary gland adenoma, follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland, and adenomas (or adenomatous polyps) of the gastrointestinal tract.
A benign neoplasm arising from epithelium.
A tumor that is not cancer. It starts in gland-like cells of the epithelial tissue (thin layer of tissue that covers organs, glands, and other structures within the body).
A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) neoplasm affecting the adrenal cortex. (NCI05)
A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) neoplasm affecting the adrenal glands.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anal canal or anal margin. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include squamous papilloma and papillary hidradenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma.
A benign or malignant sex cord-stromal tumor arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic Leydig cells. Signs and symptoms include hirsutism, menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. It may be associated with trisomy 8.
A benign or malignant sex cord-stromal tumor arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic Leydig cells. It may be associated with trisomy 8.
A rare type of ovarian tumor in which the tumor cells secrete a male sex hormone. This may cause virilization (the appearance of male physical characteristics in females).
Abnormal growth of the cells that comprise the tissues of the skin, without any evidence of malignancy.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include bile duct adenoma and extrahepatic bile duct lipoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Bile Duct Neoplasm
Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Bile Duct Tumor
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts or the gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include cholangitis and cholecystitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include extrahepatic bile duct adenoma, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the urinary bladder. A representative example of non-neoplastic bladder disorder is bacterial bladder infection. A representative example of neoplastic bladder disorder is bladder carcinoma.
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm of the bladder. - 2003
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from or metastasizes to the brain.
An abnormal intracranial solid mass or growth.
The growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. Brain tumors can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer).
A benign or malignant neoplasm of the breast parenchyma. It can originate from the ducts, lobules or the breast adipose tissue. Breast neoplasms are much more common in females than males.
A highly aggressive lymphoma composed of monomorphic medium-sized B-cells with basophilic cytoplasm and numerous mitotic figures. It is often associated with the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is commonly seen in AIDS patients. Three morphologic variants are recognized: classical Burkitt lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation, and atypical Burkitt/Burkitt-like lymphoma. All cases express the MYC translocation [t(8;14)]. (WHO, 2001)
An aggressive (fast-growing) type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs most often in children and young adults. The disease may affect the jaw, central nervous system, bowel, kidneys, ovaries, or other organs. There are three main types of Burkitt lymphoma (sporadic, endemic, and immunodeficiency related). Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma occurs throughout the world, and endemic Burkitt lymphoma occurs in Africa. Immunodeficiency-related Burkitt lymphoma is most often seen in AIDS patients.
Small Non-Cleaved Cell Lymphoma, Burkitt's Type
A slow growing neuroendocrine tumor, composed of uniform, round, or polygonal cells having monotonous, centrally located nuclei and small nucleoli, infrequent mitoses, and no necrosis. The tumor may show a variety of patterns, such as solid, trabecular, and acinar. Electron microscopy shows small secretory granules. Immunohistochemical studies reveal NSE, as well as chromogranin immunoreactivity. Malignant histology (cellular pleomorphism, hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, necrosis, and mitoses) can occasionally be seen. Such cases may have an aggressive clinical course. Gastrointestinal tract and lung are common sites of involvement.
A slow-growing type of tumor usually found in the gastrointestinal system (most often in the appendix), and sometimes in the lungs or other sites. Carcinoid tumors may spread to the liver or other sites in the body, and they may secrete substances such as serotonin or prostaglandins, causing carcinoid syndrome.
A malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells. Carcinomas that arise from glandular epithelium are called adenocarcinomas, those that arise from squamous epithelium are called squamous cell carcinomas, and those that arise from transitional epithelium are called transitional cell carcinomas. Morphologically, the malignant epithelial cells may display abnormal mitotic figures, anaplasia, and necrosis. Carcinomas are graded by the degree of cellular differentiation as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Carcinomas invade the surrounding tissues and tend to metastasize to other anatomic sites. Lung carcinoma, skin carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma are the most frequently seen carcinomas.
Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm which is confined to the epithelial layer without evidence of further tissue invasion.
A group of abnormal cells that remain in the place where they first formed. They have not spread. These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm confined to the epithelial layer and without evidence of further tissue invasion.
An adenocarcinoma arising from the prostate gland. It is one of the most common malignant tumors afflicting men. The majority of adenocarcinomas arise in the peripheral zone and a minority occurs in the central or the transitional zone of the prostate gland. Grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma predicts disease progression and correlates with survival. Several grading systems have been proposed, of which the Gleason system is the most commonly used. Gleason sums of 2 to 4 represent well-differentiated disease, 5 to 7 moderately differentiated disease and 8 to 10 poorly differentiated disease. Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) serum test is widely used as a screening test for the early detection of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Treatment options include radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, androgen ablation and cryotherapy. Watchful waiting or surveillance alone is an option for older patients with low-grade or low-stage disease.
A primary or metastatic tumor involving the skin. Primary malignant skin tumors most often are carcinomas (either basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas that arise from cells in the epidermis) or melanomas that arise from pigment-containing skin melanocytes. Metastatic tumors to the skin include carcinomas and lymphomas.
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the skin. There are several types of skin cancer. Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes (skin cells that make pigment) is called melanoma. Skin cancer that forms in the lower part of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin) is called basal cell carcinoma. Skin cancer that forms in squamous cells (flat cells that form the surface of the skin) is called squamous cell carcinoma. Skin cancer that forms in neuroendocrine cells (cells that release hormones in response to signals from the nervous system) is called neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Most skin cancers form in older people on parts of the body exposed to the sun or in people who have weakened immune systems.
The most frequently seen skin cancer. It arises from basal cells of the epidermis and pilosebaceous units. Clinically it is divided into the following types: nodular, ulcerative, superficial, multicentric, erythematous, and sclerosing or morphea-like. More than 95% of these carcinomas occur in patients over 40. They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck and the remaining 15% on the trunk and extremities. Basal cell carcinoma usually grows in a slow and indolent fashion. However, if untreated, the tumor may invade the subcutaneous fat, skeletal muscle and bone. Distant metastases are rare. Excision, curettage and irradiation cure most basal cell carcinomas.
Cancer that begins in the lower part of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin). It may appear as a small white or flesh-colored bump that grows slowly and may bleed. Basal cell cancers are usually found on areas of the body exposed to the sun. Basal cell cancers rarely metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body. They are the most common form of skin cancer.
A carcinoma entirely confined to the mammary ducts. It is also known as DCIS. There is no evidence of invasion of the basement membrane. Currently, it is classified into three categories: High-grade DCIS, intermediate-grade DCIS and low-grade DCIS. In this classification the DCIS grade is defined by a combination of nuclear grade, architectural growth pattern and presence of necrosis. The size of the lesion as well as the grade and the clearance margins play a major role in dictating the most appropriate therapy for DCIS.
A noninvasive condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct. The abnormal cells have not spread outside the duct to other tissues in the breast. In some cases, ductal carcinoma in situ may become invasive cancer and spread to other tissues, although it is not known at this time how to predict which lesions will become invasive.
Non-Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinoma of Breast
Non-Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Breast
Non-Infiltrating Ductal Breast Adenocarcinoma
Non-Infiltrating Ductal Breast Carcinoma
Non-Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of Breast
Non-Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Non-Infiltrating Intraductal Adenocarcinoma
Non-Infiltrating Intraductal Adenocarcinoma of Breast
Non-Infiltrating Intraductal Adenocarcinoma of the Breast
Non-Infiltrating Intraductal Breast Adenocarcinoma
Non-Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinoma of Breast
Non-Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Breast
Non-Invasive Ductal Breast Adenocarcinoma
Non-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Non-Invasive Intraductal Adenocarcinoma of Breast
Non-Invasive Intraductal Adenocarcinoma of the Breast
Non-Invasive Intraductal Breast Adenocarcinoma
A group of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including non-small cell squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Non-small cell lung carcinomas have a poor response to conventional chemotherapy.
A group of lung cancers that are named for the kinds of cells found in the cancer and how the cells look under a microscope. The three main types of non-small cell lung cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common kind of lung cancer.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by a papillary growth pattern. A papillary carcinoma may be composed of glandular cells (papillary adenocarcinoma), squamous cells (papillary squamous cell carcinoma), or transitional cells (papillary transitional cell carcinoma). Bladder carcinoma is a representative example of papillary transitional cell carcinoma.
A carcinoma arising from squamous epithelial cells. Morphologically, it is characterized by the proliferation of atypical, often pleomorphic squamous cells. Squamous cell carcinomas are graded by the degree of cellular differentiation as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Well differentiated carcinomas are usually associated with keratin production and the presence of intercellular bridges between adjacent cells. Representative examples are lung squamous cell carcinoma, skin squamous cell carcinoma, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
A malignant neoplasm arising from squamous epithelial cells.
Cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that look like fish scales. Squamous cells are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
A malignant neoplasm arising from the transitional epithelium, usually affecting the urinary bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis. It may or may not have a papillary configuration. It is graded 1 to 3 or 4 according to the degree of cellular differentiation and architectural patterns. Grade 1 transitional cell carcinoma is histologically benign but it may recur. Transitional cell carcinomas may also affect the upper respiratory tract and the ovaries.
A malignant neoplasm arising from transitional epithelium, usually affecting the urinary bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis.
A malignant neoplasm arising from transitional epithelium.
Cancer that forms in transitional cells in the lining of the bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis (the part of the kidney that collects, holds, and drains urine). Transitional cells are cells that can change shape and stretch without breaking apart.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the heart or the vessels (arteries, veins and lymph vessels). Representative examples of non-neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocarditis and hypertension. Representative examples of neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocardial myxoma and angiosarcoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which affects the brain and/or spinal cord.
A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) tumor involving the cerebellum. -- 2003
A neoplasm that involves a brain ventricle. It may be a primary neoplasm arising from a brain ventricle, a metastasis from a distant anatomic site, or an extension of an invasive neoplasm from an adjacent brain structure.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the cervix. Representative examples include endocervical polyp, rhabdomyoma, carcinoma, and melanoma.
A benign, chondroid-producing, well-circumscribed, lytic neoplasm usually arising from the epiphysis of long bones. It is characterized by the presence of chondroblasts, osteoclast-like giant cells, chondroid formation, calcification, and mitotic activity. In aggressive cases, there is rearrangement of the 8q21 chromosome band. It occurs most frequently in children and young adults and rarely metastasizes.
A malignant cartilaginous matrix-producing mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the bone and soft tissue. It usually affects middle-aged to elderly adults. The pelvic bones, ribs, shoulder girdle, and long bones are the most common sites of involvement. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion.
A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from cartilage-forming tissues.
A type of cancer that forms in bone cartilage. It usually starts in the pelvis (between the hip bones), the shoulder, the ribs, or at the ends of the long bones of the arms and legs. A rare type of chondrosarcoma called extraskeletal chondrosarcoma does not form in bone cartilage. Instead, it forms in the soft tissues of the upper part of the arms and legs. Chondrosarcoma can occur at any age but is more common in people older than 40 years. It is a type of bone cancer.
A malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the fetal notochord. Although it can occur at all ages, it is more frequently seen in middle-aged adults. The most frequent sites of involvement are the sacrococcygeal area, spheno-occipital area, and cervico-thoraco-lumbar spine. Microscopically, chordomas are composed of cells that form cords and lobules, separated by mucoid intercellular tissue. Some of the cells are large (physaliphorous) and have vacuolated cytoplasm and prominent vesicular nuclei. Other tumor cells are small with small nuclei without visible nucleoli. Chordomas tend to recur and may metastasize. The most common sites of metastasis are the skin and bone.
A malignant bone neoplasm arising from the remnants of the fetal notochord.
A type of bone cancer that usually starts in the lower spinal column or at the base of the skull.
An aggressive malignant tumor arising from trophoblastic cells. The vast majority of cases arise in the uterus and represent gestational choriocarcinomas that derive from placental trophoblastic cells. Approximately half of the cases develop from a complete hydatidiform mole. A minority of cases arise in the testis or the ovaries. There is often marked elevation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the blood. Choriocarcinomas disseminate rapidly through the hematogenous route; the lungs are most frequently affected.
A malignant neoplasm arising from placental trophoblast cells. They generally arise in the uterus.
A malignant, fast-growing tumor that develops from trophoblastic cells (cells that help an embryo attach to the uterus and help form the placenta). Almost all choriocarcinomas form in the uterus after fertilization of an egg by a sperm, but a small number form in a testis or an ovary. Choriocarcinomas spread through the blood to other organs, especially the lungs. They are a type of gestational trophoblastic disease.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Colonic adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the colon or rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.
Cancer that develops in the colon (the longest part of the large intestine) and/or the rectum (the last several inches of the large intestine before the anus).
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the colon or rectum. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Colorectal adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the conjunctiva. Representative examples include papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
Abnormal growth of the cells that comprise the cranial nerves.
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells. Microscopically, the neoplastic epithelial cells form cylindrical spatial configurations (cribriform or classic type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), cordlike structures (tubular type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), or solid structures (basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma). Adenoid cystic carcinomas mostly occur in the salivary glands. Other primary sites of involvement include the lacrimal gland, the larynx, and the lungs. Adenoid cystic carcinomas spread along nerve sheaths, resulting in severe pain, and they tend to recur. Lymph node metastases are unusual; hematogenous tumor spread is characteristic.
A rare type of cancer that usually begins in the salivary glands.
A benign or borderline cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium. The epithelial cells line the cystic spaces which contain serous or mucinous fluid. Representative examples include ovarian and pancreatic cystadenomas.
A benign cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from glandular epithelium.
A benign, borderline, or malignant fibroepithelial neoplasm arising from the breast and rarely the prostate gland. It may recur following resection. The recurrence rates are higher for borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors. In borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors metastases to distant anatomic sites can occur. The incidence of metastases is higher in malignant phyllodes tumors.
A type of tumor found in breast or prostate tissue. It is often large and bulky and grows quickly. It may be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer) and may spread to other parts of the body.
An inflammatory process affecting the skin. Signs include red rash, itching, and blister formation. Representative examples are contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, anus, liver, biliary system, and pancreas.
Any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person. The term is often used broadly to include injuries, disabilities, syndromes, symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function.
Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a part, organ, or system of the body as manifested by characteristic symptoms and signs. [Dorland's Medical Dictionary]
In medicine, a health problem with certain characteristics or symptoms.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the wall of the duodenum. Representative examples include adenoma, carcinoma, and lymphoma.
A malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of a monotonous primitive germ cell population. The neoplastic cells form aggregates and have an abundant pale cytoplasm and uniform nuclei. The aggregates of the germ cells are separated by fibrous septa which contain inflammatory cells, mostly T-lymphocytes. It arises primarily in the ovaries, but can occur both primarily and secondarily at other sites, particularly the central nervous system. It responds to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its prognosis is related to the tumor stage.
A malignant germ cell neoplasm characterized by the presence of a monotonous primitive germ cell population, primarily in the ovary.
A seminomatous germ cell tumor originating in the ovary.
A type of tumor that begins in the type of cells that give rise to egg cells and is most often found in the ovaries. Dysgerminomas may also occur in other places in the body, including the central nervous system. They are the most common type of ovarian germ cell tumor and can spread to other parts of the body. They are most common in females who are younger than 20 years old.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the endocrine system. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, and adrenal gland insufficiency. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoid tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells of an endocrine organ. Representative examples include pituitary gland adenoma, pituitary gland carcinoma, thyroid gland carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, and neuroendocrine carcinoma.
A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor composed of primitive germ cells. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in the pediatric population. It occurs in the infant testis, ovary, sacrococcygeal region, vagina, uterus, prostate, abdomen, liver, retroperitoneum, thorax, and pineal/third ventricle. The tumor mimics the yolk sac of the embryo and produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Treatment includes: surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. This tumor is very responsive to chemotherapy regimens that include cisplatinum.
A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor composed of primitive germ cells and which produce an eosinophilic substance (alpha-fetoprotein).
A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the endometrium.
A WHO grade II, slow growing tumor of children and young adults, usually located intraventricularly. It is the most common ependymal neoplasm. It often causes clinical symptoms by blocking cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Key histological features include perivascular pseudorosettes and ependymal rosettes. (WHO)
A malignant neoplasm arising from ependymal cells that line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.
A type of brain tumor that begins in cells lining the spinal cord central canal (fluid-filled space down the center) or the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces of the brain). Ependymomas may also form in the choroid plexus (tissue in the ventricles that makes cerebrospinal fluid).
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the esophagus. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include esophagitis and esophageal ulcer. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinomas, lymphomas, and melanomas.
A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the esophagus.
Esophageal Neoplasms, Benign and Malignant
A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the structures of the eye.
A poorly circumscribed neoplasm arising from the soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and an infiltrative growth pattern.
A condition in which multiple fibromas develop. Fibromas are tumors (usually benign) that affect connective tissue.
A malignant mesenchymal fibroblastic neoplasm affecting the soft tissue and bone.
A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the soft tissue and bone.
Fibrosarcoma (excluding infantile fibrosarcoma)
A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the gallbladder. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma, leiomyoma, and neurofibroma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm involving any part of the digestive system.
A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that affects the female reproductive system. Representative examples include uterine corpus leiomyoma, endocervical polyp, ovarian carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma.
Neoplasm of the Female Reproductive System
A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the male reproductive system. Representative examples include benign prostate phyllodes tumor, benign testicular Sertoli cell tumor, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, prostate carcinoma, testicular seminoma, and testicular embryonal carcinoma.
Neoplasm of the Male Reproductive System
A benign, intermediate, or malignant tumor that arises from the bone or soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells.
The most malignant astrocytic tumor (WHO grade IV). It is composed of poorly differentiated neoplastic astrocytes and it is characterized by the presence of cellular polymorphism, nuclear atypia, brisk mitotic activity, vascular thrombosis, microvascular proliferation and necrosis. It typically affects adults and is preferentially located in the cerebral hemispheres. It may develop from diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II or anaplastic astrocytoma (secondary glioblastoma, IDH-mutant), but more frequently, it manifests after a short clinical history de novo, without evidence of a less malignant precursor lesion (primary glioblastoma, IDH- wildtype). (Adapted from WHO)
A fast-growing type of central nervous system tumor that forms from glial (supportive) tissue of the brain and spinal cord and has cells that look very different from normal cells. GBM usually occurs in adults and affects the brain more often than the spinal cord.
Glioblastoma is not an astrocytoma. It is an astrocytic tumor. The latter includes astrocytomas and glioblastomas. However, when an anaplastic astrocytoma progresses to grade IV tumor, it is called a glioblastoma.
A benign or malignant brain and spinal cord tumor that arises from glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells). Tumors that arise from astrocytes are called astrocytic tumors or astrocytomas. Tumors that arise from oligodendrocytes are called oligodendroglial tumors. Tumors that arise from ependymal cells are called ependymomas.
A general term for tumors of the central nervous system, including astrocytomas, ependymal tumors, glioblastoma multiforme, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors.
A rare benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from cells that resemble the modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. The majority of glomus tumors occur in the distal extremities.
A slow-growing, malignant tumor, characterized by the presence of granulosa-like cells and Call-Exner bodies, that is almost always found in the ovary. In rare cases, it has also been found in the testicle. There are two types of granulosa cell tumors that can be distinguished under the microscope: the adult and the juvenile. The testicular juvenile granulosa cell tumors are perhaps the most common congenital testicular neoplasms.
A slow-growing, malignant tumor that is characterized by the presence of granulosa-like cells, and which is almost always found in the ovary. In rare cases, it has also been found in the testicle.
A type of slow-growing, malignant tumor that usually affects the ovary.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma and nasal cavity papilloma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and salivary gland carcinoma.
Head and Neck Neoplasm (Excluding Central Nervous System)
A vascular proliferation characterized by the presence of prominent endothelial cells and the formation of vascular channels. Hemangioendotheliomas may display borderline or low grade characteristics.
A benign vascular lesion characterized by the formation of capillary-sized or cavernous vascular channels.
A benign vascular neoplasm characterized by the formation of capillary-sized or cavernous vascular channels.
A benign, vascular neoplasm characterized by the formation of capillary-sized vascular channels.
A malignant tumor arising from the endothelial cells of the blood vessels. Microscopically, it is characterized by frequently open vascular anastomosing and branching channels. The malignant cells that line the vascular channels are spindle or epithelioid and often display hyperchromatic nuclei. Angiosarcomas most frequently occur in the skin and breast. Patients with long-standing lymphedema are at increased risk of developing angiosarcoma.
A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from endothelial cells.
A type of cancer that begins in the cells that line blood vessels.
A malignant tumor that arises from hepatocytes. Hepatocellular carcinoma is relatively rare in the United States but very common in all African countries south of the Sahara and in Southeast Asia. Most cases are seen in patients over the age of 50 years, but this tumor can also occur in younger individuals and even in children. Hepatocellular carcinoma is more common in males than females and is associated with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, chronic alcohol abuse and cirrhosis. Serum elevation of alpha-fetoprotein occurs in a large percentage of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Grossly, hepatocellular carcinoma may present as a single mass, as multiple nodules, or as diffuse liver involvement. Microscopically, there is a wide range of differentiation from tumor to tumor (well differentiated to poorly differentiated tumors). Hepatocellular carcinomas quickly metastasize to regional lymph nodes and lung. The overall median survival of untreated liver cell carcinoma is about 4 months. The most effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is complete resection of the tumor. Lately, an increasing number of tumors have been treated with liver transplantation.
A malignant neoplasm arising from hepatocytes.
A type of adenocarcinoma and the most common type of liver tumor.
Liver Cell Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)
A morphologic finding indicating tissue infiltration by non-neoplastic or neoplastic histiocytes.
A neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells which contain Birbeck granules by ultrastructural examination. Three major overlapping syndromes are recognized: eosinophilic granuloma, Letterer-Siwe disease, and Hand-Schuller-Christian disease. The clinical course is generally related to the number of organs affected at presentation. (WHO, 2001)
A group of rare disorders in which too many Langerhans cells (a type of white blood cell) grow in certain tissues and organs including the bones, skin, and lungs, and damage them. Langerhans cell histiocytosis may also affect the pituitary gland (which makes hormones that control other glands and many body functions, especially growth). Langerhans cell histiocytosis is most common in children and young adults.
Tissue infiltration by Langerhans cells (histiocytes). When infiltration involves the pituitary stalk or gland, presentation includes diabetes insipidus, which is sometimes accompanied by other pituitary dysfunction.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Not Otherwise Specified
A gestational trophoblastic disorder characterized by marked enlargement of the chorionic villi, hyperplasia of the villous trophoblastic cells and hydropic changes.
A placental disorder characterized by abnormal development with marked enlargement of the chorionic villi and hydropic changes which consist of hyperplasia of the villous trophoblastic cells.
A slow-growing tumor that develops from trophoblastic cells (cells that help an embryo attach to the uterus and help form the placenta) after fertilization of an egg by a sperm. A hydatidiform mole contains many cysts (sacs of fluid). It is usually benign (not cancer) but it may spread to nearby tissues (invasive mole). It may also become a malignant tumor called choriocarcinoma. Hydatidiform mole is the most common type of gestational trophoblastic tumor.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the hypopharynx.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that occurs in brain parenchymal tissue below the tentorium cerebelli.
A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the small or large intestine.
A neoplastic or non-neoplastic condition affecting the kidney. Representative examples of non-neoplastic conditions include glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. Representative examples of neoplastic conditions include benign processes (e.g., renal lipoma and renal fibroma) and malignant processes (e.g., renal cell carcinoma and renal lymphoma).
A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the kidney. Representative examples of benign renal neoplasms include fibroma, lipoma, oncocytoma, and juxtaglomerular cell tumor. Representative examples of malignant renal neoplasms include renal cell carcinoma, renal pelvis carcinoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdoid tumor, sarcoma, and lymphoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the larynx.
A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.
A benign neoplasm, originating from smooth muscle cells.
A benign smooth muscle tumor, usually in the uterus or gastrointestinal tract.
An uncommon, aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, usually occurring in post-menopausal women. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells. Morphologic variants include epithelioid, granular cell, inflammatory and myxoid leimyosarcomas.
A malignant (cancer) tumor of smooth muscle cells that can arise almost anywhere in the body, but is most common in the uterus, abdomen, or pelvis.
A malignant neoplasm, originating from smooth muscle cells.
Leiomyosarcoma (excluding uterine leiomyosarcoma)
A malignant (clonal) hematologic disorder, involving hematopoietic stem cells and characterized by the presence of primitive or atypical myeloid or lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and the blood. Leukemias are classified as acute or chronic based on the degree of cellular differentiation and the predominant cell type present. Leukemia is usually associated with anemia, fever, hemorrhagic episodes, and splenomegaly. Common leukemias include acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic or precursor lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Treatment is vital to patient survival; untreated, the natural course of acute leukemias is normally measured in weeks or months, while that of chronic leukemias is more often measured in months or years.
A cancer of the blood or bone marrow that is characterized by increased production of abnormal blood cells.
A progressive, proliferative disease of blood cells, originating from myeloid or lymphoid stem cells.
Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream.
A clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in the bone marrow, blood or other tissues. The classification of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) encompasses four major categories: 1) AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities; 2) AML with multilineage dysplasia; 3) Therapy-related AML; 4) AML not otherwise specified. The required bone marrow or peripheral blood blast percentage for the diagnosis of AML is 20% (WHO classification).
A rapidly progressive cancer of the blood and bone marrow consisting of the proliferation of abnormal myeloblasts, which are immature, dysfunctional white blood cells.
An aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood.
Hematopoeitic - Acute Myleogenous Leukemia (AML)
A clonal proliferation of myeloid cells and their precursors in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen. When the proliferating cells are immature myeloid cells and myeloblasts, it is called acute myeloid leukemia. When the proliferating myeloid cells are neutrophils, it is called chronic myelogenous leukemia.
A progressive, proliferative disease of blood cells, originating from immature granulocytes.
A myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm which is characterized by persistent monocytosis, absence of a Philadelphia chromosome and BCR/ABL fusion gene, fewer than 20 percent blasts in the bone marrow and blood, myelodysplasia, and absence of PDGFRA or PDGFRB rearrangement.
A slowly progressing type of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease in which too many myelomonocytes (a type of white blood cell) are in the bone marrow, crowding out other normal blood cells, such as other white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
A usually painless malignant tumor that arises from adipose tissue. Microscopically, it may contain a spectrum of neoplastic adipocytes ranging from lipoblasts to pleomorphic malignant adipocytes. Morphologic variants include: well differentiated, dedifferentiated, pleomorphic, and myxoid liposarcoma. The metastatic potential is higher in less differentiated tumors.
A malignant neoplasm composed of adipose tissue.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, and polycystic liver disease. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, lymphoma, and angiosarcoma.
Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Disorder
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the lung. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include benign processes (e.g., respiratory papilloma) and malignant processes (e.g., lung carcinoma and metastatic cancer to the lung).
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the lungs. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include adenoma, papilloma, chondroma, and endobronchial lipoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, sarcoma, and lymphoma.
A malignant (clonal) proliferation of B- lymphocytes or T- lymphocytes which involves the lymph nodes, bone marrow and/or extranodal sites. This category includes Non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphomas.
A malignant neoplasm composed of lymphocytes of B- or T/NK-cell phenotype.
A malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic system that is comprised of abnormal lymphocytes.
Cancer that begins in cells of the immune system. There are two basic categories of lymphomas. One kind is Hodgkin lymphoma, which is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. The other category is non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which includes a large, diverse group of cancers of immune system cells. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be further divided into cancers that have an indolent (slow-growing) course and those that have an aggressive (fast-growing) course. These subtypes behave and respond to treatment differently. Both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas can occur in children and adults, and prognosis and treatment depend on the stage and the type of cancer.
A neoplasm of follicle centre B cells which has at least a partial follicular pattern. Follicular lymphomas comprise about 35% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the U.S. and 22% worldwide. Most patients have widespread disease at diagnosis. Morphologically, follicular lymphomas are classified as Grade 1, Grade 2, and Grade 3, depending on the percentage of the large lymphocytes present. The vast majority of cases (70-95%) express the BCL-2 rearrangement [t(14;18)]. Histological grade correlates with prognosis. Grades 1 and 2 follicular lymphomas are indolent and grade 3 is more aggressive (adapted from WHO, 2001).
A neoplasm of lymphoid cells which has at least a partial follicular pattern.
A type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (cancer of the immune system) that is usually indolent (slow-growing). The tumor cells grow as groups to form nodules. There are several subtypes of follicular lymphoma.
Distinct from Hodgkin lymphoma both morphologically and biologically, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is characterized by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells, can occur at any age, and usually presents as a localized or generalized lymphadenopathy associated with fever and weight loss. The clinical course varies according to the morphologic type. NHL is clinically classified as indolent, aggressive, or having a variable clinical course. NHL can be of B-or T-/NK-cell lineage.
A malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic system that is comprised of abnormal lymphocytes in the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells.
Any of a large group of cancers of lymphocytes (white blood cells). NHLs can occur at any age and are often marked by lymph nodes that are larger than normal, fever, and weight loss. There are many different types of NHL. These types can be divided into aggressive (fast-growing) and indolent (slow-growing) types, and they can be formed from either B-cells or T-cells. B-cell NHLs include Burkitt lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, immunoblastic large cell lymphoma, precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. T-cell NHLs include mycosis fungoides, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Lymphomas that occur after bone marrow or stem cell transplantation are usually B-cell NHLs. Prognosis and treatment depend on the stage and type of disease.
A clonal neoplasm of small B-lymphocytes, lymphoplasmacytoid cells, and plasma cells involving the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen. The majority of patients have a serum IgM paraprotein.
A malignant neoplasm composed of lymphocytes (B-cells), lymphoplasmacytoid cells, and plasma cells.
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia)
Abnormal growth of cells comprising the retina with malignant characteristics.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the structures of the mediastinum. Representative examples include mediastinal lipoma, mediastinal schwannoma, thymoma, and mediastinal lymphoma.
A malignant, invasive embryonal neoplasm arising from the cerebellum. It occurs predominantly in children and has the tendency to metastasize via the cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Signs and symptoms include truncal ataxia, disturbed gait, lethargy, headache, and vomiting. There are four histologic variants: classic medulloblastoma, large cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma, desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma, and medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity.
A malignant brain tumor that begins in the lower part of the brain and that can spread to the spine or to other parts of the body. Medulloblastomas are a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET).
A malignant, invasive embryonal neoplasm arising from the cerebellum.
A rapidly progressive cancer of the brain that originates in the cerebellum.
A malignant, usually aggressive tumor composed of atypical, neoplastic melanocytes. Most often, melanomas arise in the skin (cutaneous melanomas) and include the following histologic subtypes: superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. Cutaneous melanomas may arise from acquired or congenital melanocytic or dysplastic nevi. Melanomas may also arise in other anatomic sites including the gastrointestinal system, eye, urinary tract, and reproductive system. Melanomas frequently metastasize to lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain.
A form of cancer that begins in melanocytes (cells that make the pigment melanin). It may begin in a mole (skin melanoma), but can also begin in other pigmented tissues, such as in the eye or in the intestines.
A malignant neoplasm composed of melanocytes.
A malignant neoplasm comprised of melanocytes typically arising in the skin.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the meninges. The majority of the neoplasms arise from meningothelial cells and are called meningiomas. Non-meningothelial cell neoplasms include mesenchymal, non-meningothelial tumors, hemangiopericytomas, and melanocytic lesions.
A generally slow growing tumor attached to the dura mater. It is composed of neoplastic meningothelial (arachnoidal) cells. It typically occurs in adults, often women and it has a wide range of histopathological appearances. Of the various subtypes, meningothelial, fibrous and transitional meningiomas are the most common. Most meningiomas are WHO grade I tumors, and some are WHO grade II or III tumors. Most subtypes share a common clinical behavior, although some subtypes are more likely to recur and follow a more aggressive clinical course. (Adapted from WHO)
A type of slow-growing tumor that forms in the meninges (thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord). Meningiomas usually occur in adults.
A usually benign tumor that develops in the meninges.
A usually malignant and aggressive neoplasm of the mesothelium which is often associated with exposure to asbestos.
A benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous) tumor affecting the lining of the chest or abdomen. Exposure to asbestos particles in the air increases the risk of developing malignant mesothelioma.
A congenital (due to inherited enzyme abnormality) or acquired (due to failure of a metabolic important organ) disorder resulting from an abnormal metabolic process.
A condition in which normal metabolic processes are disrupted, usually because of a missing enzyme.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the oral cavity or the lips. Representative examples include inflammatory disorders, precancerous conditions, and carcinomas.
A bone marrow-based plasma cell neoplasm characterized by a serum monoclonal protein and skeletal destruction with osteolytic lesions, pathological fractures, bone pain, hypercalcemia, and anemia. Clinical variants include non-secretory myeloma, smoldering myeloma, indolent myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia. (WHO, 2001)
A malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow composed of plasma cells.
A type of cancer that begins in plasma cells (white blood cells that produce antibodies).
A peripheral (mature) T-cell lymphoma presenting in the skin with patches/plaques. It is characterized by epidermal and dermal infiltration of small to medium-sized T-cells with cerebriform nuclei. Patients with limited disease generally have an excellent prognosis. In the more advanced stages, the prognosis is poor. (WHO, 2001)
A type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that first appears on the skin and can spread to the lymph nodes or other organs such as the spleen, liver, or lungs.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma/Mycosis fungoides
A clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by dysplasia and ineffective hematopoiesis in one or more of the hematopoietic cell lines. The dysplasia may be accompanied by an increase in myeloblasts, but the number is less than 20%, which, according to the WHO guidelines, is the requisite threshold for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. It may occur de novo or as a result of exposure to alkylating agents and/or radiotherapy. (WHO, 2001)
A disorder characterized by insufficiently healthy hematapoietic cell production by the bone marrow.
A group of diseases in which the bone marrow does not make enough healthy blood cells.
A pre-malignant disorder characterized by blood cytopenias and abnormalities in bone marrow morphology.
Hematopoeitic - Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
A benign soft tissue neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle and stellate cells in a myxoid stroma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the nasopharynx. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include angiofibroma and squamous papilloma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and nonkeratinizing carcinoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the neck region.
Neck Neoplasms (Including All Pharyngeal Related Neoplasms)
A tumor that has spread from its original (primary) site of growth to another site, close to or distant from the primary site. Metastasis is characteristic of advanced malignancies, but in rare instances can be seen in neoplasms lacking malignant morphology.
A benign or malignant tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation. Benign neoplastic cells resemble normal cells without exhibiting significant cytologic atypia, while malignant cells exhibit overt signs such as dysplastic features, atypical mitotic figures, necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, and anaplasia. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include papillomas, cystadenomas, and lipomas; malignant neoplasms include carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias.
An abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Neoplasms may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer).
A term that refers to the classification of a neoplastic process according to the anatomic site that is involved.
A usually malignant neoplasm composed of primitive (immature) tissues that resemble fetal tissues. Medulloblastoma, Ependymoblastoma, Pineoblastoma, and Wilms tumor are representative embryonal neoplasms. --2003
A mass of rapidly growing cells that begins in embryonic (fetal) tissue. Embryonal tumors may be benign or malignant, and include neuroblastomas and Wilms tumors.
A neoplasm that develops as a result of exposure to radiation.
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the central or peripheral nervous system.
A benign, usually encapsulated slow growing tumor composed of Schwann cells. It affects peripheral and cranial nerves. It recurs infrequently and only rare cases associated with malignant transformation have been reported.
A benign neoplasm of the peripheral nervous system composed of well-differentiated Schwann cells.
A tumor of the peripheral nervous system that arises in the nerve sheath (protective covering). It is almost always benign, but rare malignant schwannomas have been reported.
A neuroblastic tumor characterized by the presence of neuroblastic cells, the absence of ganglion cells, and the absence of a prominent Schwannian stroma formation.
A malignant neoplasm composed of neuroblastic cells.
A malignant neoplasm comprised of neuroblasts that commonly arises in or near the adrenal glands.
Cancer that arises in immature nerve cells and affects mostly infants and children.
An intraneural or extraneural neoplasm arising from nerve tissues and neural sheaths. It is composed of perineurial-like fibroblasts and Schwann cells. It usually presents as a localized cutaneous lesion and less often as a circumscribed peripheral nerve mass. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 present with multiple masses. Neurofibromas which arise from major nerves and plexiform neurofibromas are precursor lesions to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
A benign tumor that develops from the cells and tissues that cover nerves.
An intraneural or extraneural neoplasm arising from nerve tissues and neural sheaths, composed of perineurial-like fibroblasts and Schwann cells.
A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It occurs in the maxillofacial skeleton or the gingiva. Benign tumors are slow growing and are not associated with specific clinical symptoms. Pain is absent or slight. Malignant tumors are usually associated with rapid swelling and pain.
A well-differentiated (WHO grade II), diffusely infiltrating neuroglial tumor, typically located in the cerebral hemispheres. It is composed predominantly of cells which morphologically resemble oligodendroglia. The neoplastic cells have rounded homogeneous nuclei and, on paraffin sections, a swollen, clear cytoplasm ('honeycomb' appearance). (Adapted from WHO)
A rare, slow-growing tumor that begins in oligodendrocytes (cells that cover and protect nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord).
Well Differentiated Oligodendroglial Tumor
A malignant epithelial cellular proliferation characterized by the presence of atypical cells with large nuclei and abundant pale cytoplasm within the squamous epithelium of the nipple. In almost all cases there is an underlying intraductal breast carcinoma or intraductal and invasive carcinoma. The skin changes range from redness to eczematous appearance.
A form of breast cancer in which the tumor grows from ducts beneath the nipple onto the surface of the nipple. Symptoms commonly include itching and burning and an eczema-like condition around the nipple, sometimes accompanied by oozing or bleeding.
A malignant neoplasm in which there is infiltration of the skin by neoplastic large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli (Paget cells). It may affect the anus, penis, scrotum, and vulva.
A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the pancreas.
A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from paraganglia located along the sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves. Infrequently, it may arise outside the usual distribution of the sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia. Tumors arising from the adrenal gland medulla are called pheochromocytomas. Morphologically, paragangliomas usually display a nesting (Zellballen) growth pattern. There are no reliable morphologic criteria to distinguish between benign and malignant paragangliomas. The only definitive indicator of malignancy is the presence of regional or distant metastases.
A rare, usually benign tumor that develops from cells of the paraganglia. Paraganglia are a collection of cells that came from embryonic nervous tissue, and are found near the adrenal glands and some blood vessels and nerves. Paragangliomas that develop in the adrenal gland are called pheochromocytomas. Those that develop outside of the adrenal glands near blood vessels or nerves are called glomus tumors or chemodectomas.
A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the penis. Representative examples include penile hemangioma, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and penile carcinoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from a peripheral nerve or the perineural sheaths.
Neoplasm of the Peripheral Nervous System
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the peritoneal cavity. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include adenomatoid tumor and disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include primary peritoneal carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma to the peritoneum, and malignant mesothelioma.
Anatomic structures in the head responsible for special sensations rather than general sensations. This category includes the eyes, ears, nose, and tongue.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the nasopharynx, oropharynx, or hypopharynx.
A benign or malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system that secretes catecholamines. It arises from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Clinical presentation includes headaches, palpitations, chest and abdominal pain, hypertension, fever, and tremor. Microscopically, a characteristic nesting (zellballen) growth pattern is usually seen. Other growth patterns including trabecular pattern may also be present.
Tumor that forms in the center of the adrenal gland (gland located above the kidney) that causes it to make too much adrenaline. Pheochromocytomas are usually benign (not cancer) but can cause high blood pressure, pounding headaches, heart palpitations, flushing of the face, nausea, and vomiting.
Chromaffin Paraganglioma of the Adrenal Gland
Neoplasms that are located in the pineal gland. These neoplasms arise either from pineal parenchymal cells (pineocytes), as do pineocytomas and the more aggressive pineoblastomas, or from other cell types, as do pineal astrocytic tumors (notably pilocytic astrocytomas) and germ cell tumors. Clinical symptoms include neuro-ophthalmologic dysfunction, changes in mental status, dysfunction of the brain stem, and hypothalamic-based endocrine abnormalities.
A tumor arising in the pineal region, the majority of which are malignant germ cell tumors. A minority of pinealomas are benign, and comprise neoplastic cells that resemble normal pineocytes.
A type of brain tumor that occurs in or around the pineal gland, a tiny organ near the center of the brain.
A non-metastasizing tumor that arises from the adenohypophysial cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The tumor can be hormonally functioning or not. The diagnosis can be based on imaging studies and/or radioimmunoassays. Due to its location in the sella turcica, expansion of the tumor mass can impinge on the optic chiasm or involve the temporal lobe, third ventricle and posterior fossa A frequently associated physical finding is bitemporal hemianopsia which may progress to further visual loss.
A benign neoplasm of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
A non-metastasizing tumor that arises from the adenohypophysial cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
ADENOMA, ANTERIOR LOBE PITUITARY GLAND, BENIGN
A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the pituitary gland. The vast majority are adenomas arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
A tumor that forms in the pituitary gland. The pituitary is a pea-sized organ in the center of the brain above the back of the nose. It makes hormones that affect other glands and many body functions, especially growth. Most pituitary tumors are benign (not cancer).
A benign or malignant neoplasm that involves the serous membrane that lines the lungs and thoracic cavity. Most pleural neoplasms are metastatic. Diffuse malignant mesothelioma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the pleura.
A pathological process with signs indicating it may become cancerous. Representative examples include leukoplakia, dysplastic nevus, actinic keratosis, xeroderma pigmentosum, and intraepithelial neoplasia.
A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the prostate gland. Representative examples include benign prostate phyllodes tumor, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, prostate carcinoma, and prostate sarcoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the rectum. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Rectal adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the respiratory tract.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the retroperitoneum.
A rare aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle. It usually occurs in children and young adults. Only a small percentage of tumors arise in the skeletal muscle of the extremities. The majority arise in other anatomical sites.
A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle.
A malignant neoplasm arising from skeletal myocytes.
Cancer that forms in the soft tissues in a type of muscle called striated muscle. Rhabdomyosarcoma can occur anywhere in the body.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the major or minor salivary glands. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include Warthin tumor, monomorphic adenoma, and pleomorphic adenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the sebaceous glands. Representative examples include sebaceous adenoma and sebaceous carcinoma.
Clinical, laboratory or molecular evidence, or absence of evidence of disease.
A meaningful interpretation of data or observations resulting from planned evaluations. Compare to conclusion, hypothesis.
Any deviation from the normal structure or function of the skin or subcutaneous tissue that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs.
A benign or malignant tumor involving the skin. Representative examples of benign skin neoplasms include the benign melanocytic skin nevus, acanthoma, sebaceous adenoma, sweat gland adenoma, lipoma, hemangioma, fibroma, and benign fibrous histiocytoma. Representative examples of malignant skin neoplasms include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Kaposi sarcoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the bones and structures of the skull.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the soft tissue. The most common types are lipomatous (fatty), vascular, smooth muscle, fibrous, and fibrohistiocytic neoplasms.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the spleen. Representative examples include hemangioma, lymphoma, splenic involvement by leukemia, and angiosarcoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the stomach.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that occurs within the intracranial cavity above the tentorium cerebelli.
A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the sweat glands.
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the chromosomal translocation t(X;18)(p11;q11). It can occur at any age, but mainly affects young adults, more commonly males. Although any site can be affected, the vast majority of the cases arise in the deep soft tissues of extremities, especially around the knee. Microscopically, synovial sarcoma is classified as monophasic (with a spindle or epithelial cell component) or biphasic (with both spindle and epithelial cell components). Synovial sarcomas can recur or metastasize to the lungs, bones, and lymph nodes.
A malignant neoplasm that usually arises in the synovial membranes of the joints and the synovial cells of the tendons and bursae.
A malignant tumor that develops in the synovial membrane of the joints.
Synovial Sarcoma, Not Otherwise Specified
A locally aggressive, diffusely infiltrating tumor, arising in the tendon sheath. It is composed of synovial-like mononuclear cells, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, foam cells, and inflammatory cells. Multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells are usually present, although in a minority of cases they may be absent or rare. It predominantly affects young adults. Symptoms include joint swelling, pain, and joint effusion.
Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, Diffuse Type
Diffuse Giant Cell Neoplasm of Tendon Sheath
Diffuse Giant Cell Neoplasm of Tenosynovium
Diffuse Giant Cell Neoplasm of the Tenosynovium
Diffuse Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath
Diffuse Giant Cell Tumor of Tenosynovium
Diffuse Giant Cell Tumor of the Tenosynovium
Diffuse Tenosynovial Giant Cell Neoplasm
A tumor usually arising in the synovium of joints, bursa or tendon sheath. It is characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, foam cells, and an inflammatory infiltrate. According to the growth pattern, it is classified as localized or diffuse.
A non-seminomatous germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of various tissues which correspond to the different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). It occurs in the testis, ovary, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system, mediastinum, lung, and stomach. According to the level of differentiation of the tissues which comprise the tumor, teratomas are classified as mature or immature. Mature teratomas are composed of well differentiated, adult-type tissues. Immature teratomas are composed of immature, fetal-type tissues. Testicular teratomas in children follow a benign clinical course. Mature ovarian teratomas without a fetal-type component have an excellent outcome. The prognosis of immature ovarian teratomas is related to the grade and stage of the tumor.
A non-germinomatous germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of various tissues which correspond to the different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). It occurs in the testis, ovary, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system, mediastinum, lung, and stomach. According to the level of differentiation of the tissues which comprise the tumor, teratomas are classified as mature or immature. Mature teratomas are composed of well differentiated, adult-type tissues. Immature teratomas are composed of immature, fetal-type tissues.
A type of germ cell tumor that may contain several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, and bone. Teratomas occur most often in the ovaries in women, the testicles in men, and the tailbone in children. Not all teratomas are malignant.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the testis. Representative examples include fibroma, thecoma, benign Sertoli cell tumor, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, and lymphoma.
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the tissues of the thorax.
Any component of the male or female organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in their union and subsequent development as offspring.
Any component of the framework, including bone and cartilage, that supports and/or protects the soft tissues of vertebrate animals.
A neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells of the thymus. Although thymomas are usually encapsulated tumors, they may invade the capsule and infiltrate the surrounding tissues or even metastasize to distant anatomic sites. The following morphologic subtypes are currently recognized: type A, type B, type AB, metaplastic, micronodular, microscopic, and sclerosing thymoma. Thymomas type B are further subdivided into types B1, B2, and B3. Thymoma type B3 usually has the most aggressive clinical course.
A tumor of the thymus, an organ that is part of the lymphatic system and is located in the chest, behind the breastbone.
A neoplasm that affects the thymus. Representative examples include thymoma and carcinoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland.
A gestational or non-gestational neoplasm composed of neoplastic trophoblastic cells. Representative examples include hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the urethra. Urethra carcinoma is a representative example.
Disorders of any part of the urologic system.
Any disease affecting the urinary system.
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the urinary system. --2003
A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the body of the uterus. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the uterine corpus or the cervix. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include leiomyoma, adenomyoma, and endocervical polyp. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include endometrial carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and cervical carcinoma.
A neoplasm that affects the uvea. Uveal melanoma is a representative example.
A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the vagina. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include squamous papilloma and melanocytic nevus. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, melanoma, and sarcoma.
A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from any of the following anatomic sites: lip and oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and salivary glands.
Cancer of the head and neck that begins in squamous cells (thin, flat cells that form the surface of the skin, eyes, various internal organs, and the lining of hollow organs and ducts of some glands). Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck includes cancers of the nasal cavity, sinuses, lips, mouth, salivary glands, throat, and larynx (voice box). Most head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, NOS
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
A malignant tumor composed of a mixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.
A malignant neoplasm comprising a mixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.
A malignant tumor that is a mixture of carcinoma (cancer of epithelial tissue, which is skin and tissue that lines or covers the internal organs) and sarcoma (cancer of connective tissue, such as bone, cartilage, and fat).
The most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It includes the most frequently seen morphologic variants which are: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. -- 2003
A type of cancer that forms in B cells (a type of immune system cell). B-cell lymphomas usually occur in adults and may be either indolent (slow-growing) or aggressive (fast-growing). There are many different types of B-cell lymphomas, and prognosis and treatment depend on the type and stage of cancer.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include acute and chronic cholecystitis, often associated with the presence of gallstones. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include adenoma, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder involving the hair. Representative examples include folliculitis, alopecia, tricholemmoma, and pilomatrical carcinoma.
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma of T-cell lineage. It includes the T lymphoblastic lymphoma and the mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas. -- 2003
A disease in which certain cells of the lymph system (called T lymphocytes) become cancer.
T-Cell and NK-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
A T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising from the skin. Representative examples include mycosis fungoides and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Any of a group of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas that begins in the skin as an itchy, red rash that can thicken or form a tumor. The most common types are mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome.
Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
T-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Skin
This type of lymphoma is not frequently seen in the western hemisphere. Clinically, with the exception of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas are among the most aggressive of all hematopoietic neoplasms. Representative disease entities include mycosis fungoides, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
One of a group of aggressive (fast-growing) non-Hodgkin lymphomas that begins in mature T lymphocytes (T cells that have matured in the thymus gland and goes to other lymphatic sites in the body, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen.)
Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
An intraventricular neoplasm that originates from the choroid plexus. The vast majority of choroid plexus neoplasms originate from the epithelial layer and include the choroid plexus papilloma, atypical choroid plexus papilloma, and choroid plexus carcinoma.
A rare type of cancer that occurs in the ventricles of the brain. It usually occurs in children younger than 2 years.
An unusual benign or malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic large polygonal cells with granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm which contains abundant lysosomes. It was originally thought to be a tumor originating from muscle cells and was named granular cell myoblastoma. Subsequent studies have suggested a derivation from Schwann cells. It affects females more often than males and it usually presents as a solitary mass. A minority of patients have multiple tumors. It can arise from many anatomic sites including the posterior pituitary gland, skin, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, heart, mediastinum, and breast.
An epithelial or non-epithelial malignant neoplasm that arises from the liver. Representative examples include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.
A slowly progressing leukemia characterized by a clonal (malignant) proliferation of maturing and mature myeloid cells or mature lymphocytes. When the clonal cellular population is composed of myeloid cells, the process is called chronic myelogenous leukemia. When the clonal cellular population is composed of lymphocytes, it is classified as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, or T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia.
A slowly progressing cancer that starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of white blood cells to be produced and enter the blood stream.
The development of a neoplasm in response to medical or surgical treatment, induced by the treatment itself.
A carcinoma arising from squamous bronchial epithelial cells. It may be keratinizing or non-keratinizing. Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by the presence of keratinization, pearl formation, and/or intercellular bridges. Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by the absence of keratinization, pearl formation, and intercellular bridges. Cigarette smoking and arsenic exposure are strongly associated with squamous cell lung carcinoma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the endometrium. Representative examples include endometritis, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma.
Abnormal cell growth in the endometrium (the lining of the uterus).
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic (benign or malignant) disorder affecting the teeth.
A primary melanoma arising from atypical melanocytes in the skin. Precursor lesions include acquired and congenital melanocytic nevi, and dysplastic nevi. Several histologic variants have been recognized, including superficial spreading melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, nodular melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma.
Malignant Melanoma (of Skin), Stage Unspecified
Malignant Melanoma of Skin Stage Unspecified
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels. Examples include vasculitis, thrombophlebitis, arteriosclerosis, lymphedema, hemangioma, and angiosarcoma.
A carcinoma that arises from the lung and is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells. There is a male predilection with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Usually lung adenocarcinoma is asymptomatic and is identified through screening studies or as an incidental radiologic finding. If clinical symptoms are present they include shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, and fever. Tobacco smoke is a known risk factor.
A malignant epithelial tumor arising from the esophageal mucosa. Two major histologic types of esophageal carcinoma have been described: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. This type of cancer is associated with excessive ethanol and cigarette usage.
Cancer that forms in tissues lining the esophagus (the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach). Two types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the esophagus) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).
A disorder that is related to pregnancy. Representative examples include ectopic pregnancy, toxemia of pregnancy, and gestational trophoblastic tumor.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the ampulla of Vater.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Ampulla of Vater
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the retroperitoneum. The vast majority of cases are carcinomas, lymphomas, or sarcomas.
Neoplasms that affect the bone marrow. Such neoplasms may arise in the bone marrow (e.g. myeloid leukemias) or may involve the bone marrow as secondary, metastatic tumors (e.g. metastatic carcinomas to the bone marrow).
A malignant neoplasm affecting the spleen. Representative examples include leukemias, lymphomas, and sarcomas.
A carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium in any site of the intrahepatic biliary tree. Grossly, the malignant lesions are solid, nodular, and grayish. Morphologically, the vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas. Signs and symptoms include malaise, weight loss, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and night sweats. Early detection is difficult and the prognosis is generally poor.
A malignant neoplasm of the liver arising from/comprising cells resembling those of bile ducts.
CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA, INTRAHEPATIC, MALIGNANT
Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma)
Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic vascular disorder that affects the liver. Representative examples include veno-occlusive disease, hemangioma, lymphangioma, and angiosarcoma.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the mediastinum. Representative examples of primary malignant mediastinal neoplasms include malignant germ cell tumors, malignant mesenchymal tumors, lymphomas, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. A representative example of metastatic malignant neoplasm to the mediastinum is the metastatic carcinoma to the mediastinum from another anatomic site.
Malignant neoplasms that either originate from the bone marrow (e.g. myeloid leukemias) or involve the bone marrow as secondary-metastatic tumors (e.g. metastatic carcinomas to the bone marrow). --2003
Cancer that forms in the blood-forming stem cells of the bone marrow (soft sponge-like tissue in the center of most bones). Bone marrow cancer includes leukemias and multiple myeloma.
Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from epithelial cells of the larynx or pharynx.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the pharynx (the hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the windpipe and esophagus). Throat cancer includes cancer of the nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat behind the nose), the oropharynx (the middle part of the pharynx), and the hypopharynx (the bottom part of the pharynx). Cancer of the larynx (voice box) may also be included as a type of throat cancer. Most throat cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells that look like fish scales).
Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the uterine corpus and/or the cervix.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the uterus (the small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis in which a fetus develops). Two types of uterine cancer are endometrial cancer (cancer that begins in cells lining the uterus) and uterine sarcoma (a rare cancer that begins in muscle or other tissues in the uterus).
A malignant neoplasm that affects the uterine corpus. Representative examples include endometrial carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and adenosarcoma.
A morphologic category that includes neoplasms arising from cells that form and support the nervous system. Such neoplasms include neuroepithelial cell neoplasms and neoplasms that arise from the perineural sheaths (perineurial cell neoplasms and Schwann cell neoplasms). --2003
Neuroepithelial, Perineurial, and Schwann Cell Neoplasm
A malignant growth of cells within the conjunctiva of the eye.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the brain.
An abnormal solid mass arising within the brain with histologic features suggesting the potential to metastasize.
Primary and secondary (metastatic) malignant tumors that occur in the cerebellum. Histologic types include medulloblastomas, high grade (WHO Stage III or IV) cerebellar astrocytomas, lymphomas, gangliogliomas, gliosarcomas, and several other subtypes. The most frequent malignant cerebellar neoplasm of childhood is medulloblastoma. In adults, metastases from other sites are relatively common. Clinical features include ataxia, headache, nausea, dizzyness, nystagmus, diplopia, papilledema, etc.
A locally aggressive carcinoma that arises from the salivary glands, predominantly the parotid gland. It is characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate which exhibits myoepithelial differentiation. Patients usually present with a painless mass.
Abnormal malignant growth of the cells that comprise the cranial nerve.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the nasopharynx. Representative examples include nasopharyngitis, angiofibroma, and carcinoma.
Abnormal malignant growth of the cells that comprise the pineal parenchyma.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thorax and/or the organs of the thoracic cavity. Representative examples include pleural infection, mediastinitis, thymoma, mediastinal lymphoma, and pleural mesothelioma.
A malignant neoplasm affecting the endocrine glands. Representative examples include thyroid gland carcinoma, parathyroid gland carcinoma, pituitary gland carcinoma, and adrenal cortex carcinoma.
Cancer that occurs in endocrine tissue, the tissue in the body that secretes hormones.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Endocrine Gland
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the tissues of the thorax.
A mesenchymal tumor composed of fibroblastic and histiocytic cells.
Neoplasms of the hematopoietic system, including hematopoietic cell neoplasms (e.g. leukemias, lymphomas) and non-hematopoietic cell neoplasms that can affect the hematopoietic system (e.g. lymph node and splenic sarcomas). --2003
Hematopoietic and Lymphoid System Neoplasm
Any deviation from the normal structure or function of the blood or lymphatic system that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs.
Hematopoietic and Lymphoid System Disorder
Hematopoietic and Lymphoid System Disease
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the spleen. Examples include infection, hemangioma, lymphoma, leukemia and angiosarcoma.
A carcinoma that arises from the head and neck region. Representative examples include oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and salivary gland carcinoma.
A light microscopic finding that describes the cellular characteristics and architectural patterns of cell populations in a tissue sample.
A high grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm producing osteoid. The tumor arises from the medullary portion of the bone. It affects the long bones and most commonly, the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. Pain with or without a palpable mass is the most common clinical presentation. It usually has an aggressive growth and may metastasize through the hematogenous route. The lung is the most frequent site of metastasis.
A neoplasm that arises within the skull and occurs during childhood.
A primary neoplasm that arises within the skull, and which occurs during childhood.
A tumor shaped like a small mushroom, with its stem attached to the epithelial layer (inner lining) of an organ.
A rare disorder of unknown etiology characterized by distention of the lymph node sinuses and sinusoidal histiocytic infiltration. The histiocytes characteristically contain ingested lymphocytes. Patients present with cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, leukocytosis, and hypergammaglobulinemia. It can affect extranodal sites, including skin, bones, and the respiratory tract. It usually regresses spontaneously.
Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the male or female reproductive system. Representative examples include prostate carcinoma, penile carcinoma, testicular seminoma, testicular embryonal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, and uterine corpus leiomyosarcoma.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the uterine corpus. Representative examples include leiomyoma, adenomyoma, endometrial stromal nodule, and endometrial polyp.
A benign or malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises anywhere in the ductal system of the breast. This category includes intraductal papilloma, intraductal papillary carcinoma, ductal hyperplasia with or without atypia, and ductal carcinoma in situ.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the uterine corpus or the cervix. Representative examples include leiomyoma, adenomyoma, and endocervical polyp.
A usually well to moderately differentiated cervical adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells that contain significant amount of intracytoplasmic mucin.
Cervical Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
A neoplasm that arises from a pre-existing lower grade lesion, or as a result of a primary lesion that has spread to secondary sites, or due to a complication of a cancer treatment.
A malignant tumor that has spread from its original (primary) site of growth to another site close to or distant from the primary site.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the adrenal gland. (NCI05)
A benign growth of the cells that comprise the pineal gland. Despite benign histology, symptoms can be produced due to the location: increased intracranial pressure, endocrine abnormalities, cerebellar and/or brainstem compression. The latter can produce a constellation of symptoms known as Parinaud's syndrome.
Benign Neoplasm of the Pineal Parenchyma
A carcinoma that arises from a pre-existing lower grade epithelial lesion, or as a result of a primary carcinoma that has spread to secondary sites, or due to a complication of a cancer treatment.
Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)
There are 2 types of stage 0 breast carcinoma in situ: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). DCIS is a noninvasive condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct (a tube that carries milk to the nipple). The abnormal cells have not spread outside the duct to other tissues in the breast. In some cases, DCIS may become invasive cancer and spread to other tissues, although it is not known how to predict which lesions will become invasive cancer. LCIS is a condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lobules (small sections of tissue involved with making milk) of the breast. This condition seldom becomes invasive cancer; however, having LCIS in one breast increases the risk of developing breast cancer in either breast.
Non-Infiltrating Carcinoma of the Breast
A neoplasm displaying morphologic, phenotypic, or genotypic characteristics that are clearly not benign but do not permit the establishment of a definitive diagnosis of malignancy. Such neoplasms may or may not eventually have a more aggressive clinical course. Representative examples include lymphoproliferations of uncertain malignant potential (e.g., lymphomatoid granulomatosis and lymphomatoid papulosis), borderline ovarian epithelial neoplasms (e.g., borderline ovarian endometrioid tumor and borderline ovarian mucinous tumor), borderline exocrine pancreatic neoplasm (e.g., pancreatic borderline intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm), and primary borderline peritoneal epithelial neoplasm.
Neoplasm of Uncertain Malignant Potential
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm affecting the male and female reproductive system.
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of large malignant epithelial cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm (oncocytes). Representative examples include thyroid gland oncocytic follicular carcinoma, oncocytic breast carcinoma, and salivary gland oncocytic carcinoma.
A malignant neoplasm composed of large epithelial cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm (oncocytes).
A carcinoma characterized by the presence of a cribriform architectural pattern. Representative examples include the intraductal cribriform breast carcinoma and invasive cribriform breast carcinoma.
An aggressive adenocarcinoma that arises from the sweat glands. It usually presents as a firm, erythematous nodular lesion in the axilla. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of tubular structures and apocrine differentiation.
A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the salivary glands. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.
A usually aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of atypical cells which do not display evidence of glandular, squamous, or transitional cell differentiation.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm exhibiting poor differentiation (anaplasia).
A slow growing, WHO grade I glioma which generally occurs in young adults. It arises almost exclusively in the conus medullaris, cauda equina, and filum terminale of the spinal cord. It generally has a favorable prognosis and is characterized histologically by tumor cells arranged in a papillary manner around vascularized mucoid stromal cores. (Adapted from WHO).
A benign, slow growing tumor which may cause symptoms by blocking cerebrospinal fluid pathways. It is characterized by the presence of delicate fibrovascular connective tissue fronds covered by a single layer of epithelial cells. Mitotic activity is extremely low. Surgical resection is usually curative. (Adapted from WHO)
A benign neoplasm of the choroid plexus of the central nervous system.
A morphologic variant of leiomyosarcoma characterized by the presence of epithelioid round cells with eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm.
A morphologic variant of leiomyosarcoma characterized by the presence of cellular pleomorphism, malignant cells with large nuclei, and a myxoid stroma.
An atypical lipomatous tumor/well differentiated liposarcoma that shows progression to a usually non-lipomatous, high grade sarcoma. The non-lipomatous sarcoma component may be present in the primary lesion or at the site of recurrence.
A liposarcoma characterized by the presence of varying proportions of pleomorphic lipoblasts in a background that resembles undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. It is the rarest liposarcoma variant and usually has an aggressive clinical course.
A rare malignant embryonal neoplasm arising from the cerebellum. It is characterized by the morphologic features of a medulloblastoma and the presence of a striated muscle component. Its clinical behavior is similar to medulloblastoma.
Medullomyoblastoma with Myogenic Differentiation
A benign or malignant, gonadal or extragonadal neoplasm that originates from germ cells. Representative examples include teratoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac tumor.
A benign or malignant, gonadal or extragonadal neoplasm that originates from germ cells. Representative examples include teratoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, dysgerminoma, and germinoma.
A type of tumor that begins in the cells that give rise to sperm or eggs. Germ cell tumors can occur almost anywhere in the body and can be either benign or malignant.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from and is composed of epithelial cells. This category include adenomas, papillomas, and carcinomas.
An aggressive malignant neoplasm of uncertain differentiation, characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells forming nodular patterns. The nodules often undergo central necrosis, resulting in a pseudogranulomatous growth pattern. It usually occurs in young adults. The most common sites of involvement are the extremities (distal-type epithelioid sarcoma), and less frequently the pelvis, perineum, and genital organs (proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma).
A malignant neoplasm that originates in the neuroectoderm. The neuroectoderm constitutes the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems and includes some glial cell precursors.
One of a group of cancers that develop from the same type of early cells, and share certain biochemical and genetic features. Some PNETs develop in the brain and central nervous system (CNS-PNET), and others develop in sites outside of the brain such as the limbs, pelvis, and chest wall (peripheral PNET).
A peripheral (mature) T-cell lymphoma, consisting of usually large anaplastic, CD30 positive cells. The majority of cases are positive for the anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK) protein. The most frequently seen genetic alteration is a t(2;5) translocation. Majority of patients present with advanced disease. The most important prognostic indicator is ALK positivity, which has been associated with a favorable prognosis. (WHO, 2001)
An aggressive (fast-growing) type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is usually of the T-cell type. The cancer cells express a marker called CD30 or Ki-1 on the surface, and may appear in the lymph nodes, skin, bones, soft tissues, lungs, or liver.
CD30 Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
A low-grade malignant neoplasm that arises from the exocrine pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells that form solid and pseudopapillary patterns, cystic changes, and hemorrhage. Perineural invasion, vascular invasion, and invasion into surrounding tissues may be present. It usually presents as an encapsulated, solitary, and lobulated pancreatic mass. It is usually found incidentally during physical examination or it may present with abdominal discomfort and pain. It occurs predominantly in young women. Complete removal of the tumor is curative in the majority of cases.
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas
Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas
A multifocal neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation affecting almost exclusively females of child-bearing age. It is characterized by the presence of smooth muscle and epithelioid cells and by the proliferation of lymphatic vessels. Sites of involvement include the lungs, mediastinum, and the retroperitoneum. It usually presents with chylous pleural effusion or ascites.
A melanoma of the skin characterized by a proliferation of atypical spindled melanocytes in the dermis, in a background of abundant collagen. It usually presents as an amelanotic raised nodular lesion.
A rare form of malignant melanoma marked by nonpigmented lesions on sun-exposed areas of the body, most commonly on the head and neck.
A carcinoma composed of malignant glandular cells and malignant squamous cells.
A type of cancer that contains two types of cells: squamous cells (thin, flat cells that line certain organs) and gland-like cells.
An epithelial neoplasm composed of malignant glandular and malignant squamous cells.
Mixed Adenocarcinoma and Epidermoid Carcinoma
Mixed Adenocarcinoma and Epidermoid Cell Carcinoma
Mixed Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Carcinoma
Mixed Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A malignant liver neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in infants, although isolated cases in older children and adults have been reported. Grossly, hepatoblastoma is solid, well circumscribed, and more often solitary than multiple. Microscopically, most of the tumors are composed exclusively of immature hepatocytic elements. About a fourth of hepatoblastomas contain a stromal component that may be undifferentiated or develop into bone or cartilage. The treatment of choice for hepatoblastoma is surgical excision with adjuvant therapy. Liver transplantation is being increasingly used as well.
A malignant liver neoplasm composed of immature hepatocytic elements.
A malignant liver tumor that arises from precursors of hepatocytes. It occurs almost exclusively in infants. The lungs are the most common site of metastasis.
A type of liver tumor that occurs in infants and children.
A malignant neoplasm composed of a carcinomatous epithelial component and a sarcomatous mesenchymal component. Representative examples include malignant mixed mesodermal (Mullerian) tumor of the female reproductive system and carcinosarcoma of the salivary gland and the lung.
A malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial and/or myoepithelial cells and a mesenchymal component. A general term for which the transformed cell types have not been specified.
A group of tumors affecting the female reproductive system, characterized by the presence of epithelial and stromal elements. It includes the following clinicopathological entities: adenofibroma, adenomyoma, Mullerian adenosarcoma, and malignant mixed mesodermal (Mullerian) tumor.
A rare cancer of the uterus, ovary, or fallopian tubes.
A neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation often associated with tuberous sclerosis. It is characterized by a mixture of epithelioid cells, smooth muscle, vessels, and mature adipose tissue. The kidney is the most common site of involvement. Other sites of involvement include the liver, lung, lymph nodes, and retroperitoneum. The vast majority of cases follow a benign clinical course. However, cases of metastatic angiomyolipomas with sarcomatoid features have been described.
A benign (noncancer) tumor of fat and muscle tissue that usually is found in the kidney. Angiomyolipomas rarely cause symptoms, but may bleed or grow large enough to be painful or cause kidney failure. They are common in patients with tuberous sclerosis (a genetic disorder in which benign tumors grow in the kidneys, brain, eyes, heart, lungs, and skin, causing seizures, mental problems, and skin lesions).
A morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma arising from bone and soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small round cells, biphasic growth pattern, and well differentiated hyaline cartilage. Clinical presentation includes pain and swelling. The clinical course is aggressive, with local recurrences and distant metastases.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant bone tumor characterized by the presence of osteoclast-like giant cells. Clinical presentation includes pain, edema, and decreased range of motion in the affected joint.
Osteoclastic Giant Cell-Rich Tumor of Bone
Osteoclastic Giant Cell-Rich Tumor of the Bone
A benign neoplasm composed of fibroblastic spindle cells in a whorled storiform pattern. It is characterized by the presence of foam cells, inflammatory cells, hemosiderin deposition and stromal hemorrhage.
A benign neoplasm composed of a fibroblastic and a histiocytic component.
A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of an epithelial and a fibrous component. Representative examples are fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor.
A benign tumor of the breast characterized by the presence of stromal and epithelial elements. It presents as a painless, solitary, slow growing, firm, and mobile mass. It is the most common benign breast lesion. It usually occurs in women of childbearing age. The majority of fibroadenomas do not recur after complete excision. A slightly increased risk of developing cancer within fibroadenomas or in the breast tissue of patients previously treated for fibroadenomas has been reported.
A benign (not cancer) tumor that usually forms in the breast from both fibrous and glandular tissue. Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast tumors.
A benign neoplasm originating from glandular cells with a fibrous or fibroblastic component.
A rare malignant neoplasm with melanocytic differentiation characterized by the presence of polygonal or spindle shaped clear cells. This sarcoma usually affects the tendons and aponeuroses and is associated with a poor prognosis due to recurrences and metastases.
A soft tissue tumor that begins in a tendon (tough, fibrous, cord-like tissue that connects muscle to bone or to another structure). Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue has certain markers that are also found on malignant melanoma (a type of skin cancer). It usually occurs in the leg or arm.
Clear cell sarcoma/Malignant melanoma of soft parts (excluding Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney)
A sarcoma characterized by the presence of small round or elongated malignant cells with a small amount of cytoplasm.
A rapidly growing malignant mesenchymal neoplasm. It is characterized by the presence of round cells with myoblastic differentiation and a fibrovascular stroma resembling an alveolar growth pattern. The tumor usually presents in the extremities.
A soft tissue tumor that is most common in older children and teenagers. It begins in embryonic muscle cells (cells that develop into muscles in the body). It can occur at many places in the body, but usually occurs in the trunk, arms, or legs.
Monomorphous Round Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of large epithelioid cells with abundant cytoplasm forming nests and pseudoalveolar structures. The groups of the epithelioid cells are separated by thin-walled sinusoidal spaces. It occurs most often in adolescents and young adults. In adults the most common sites of involvement are the extremities, and in infants and children, the head and neck. It usually presents as a slowly growing mass and it frequently metastasizes to other anatomic sites. The most common sites of metastasis are the lungs, bone, and brain.
A soft tissue tumor that is most common in older children and teenagers. It begins in the soft supporting tissue that connects and surrounds the organs and other tissues. Alveolar soft part sarcoma usually occurs in the legs, but can also occur in the arms, hands, head, or neck. It can cause the growth of new blood vessels that help the tumor grow and spread.
A benign or malignant myomatous neoplasm arising from smooth muscle.
A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of large germ cells with abundant cytoplasm resembling epithelial cells, geographic necrosis, high mitotic activity, and pseudoglandular and pseudopapillary structures formation. It can arise from the testis, ovary, and extragonadal sites (central nervous system and mediastinum).
A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell neoplasm of the testis or ovary.
A malignant germ cell tumor arising in the central nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of primitive, large malignant germ cells and lymphocytes.
A germinomatous germ cell tumor arising in the central nervous system; it is histologically identical to the dysgerminoma and seminoma.
A mixed germ cell/sex cord-stromal tumor characterized by the presence of large germ cells which resemble seminoma cells and small cells which resemble Sertoli or granulosa cells. It occurs in the testis and the ovary and is identified in children and adults. It is often associated with gonadal dysgenesis and abnormal karyotype.
A mixed germ cell/sex cord-stromal tumor characterized by the presence of large germ cells that resemble seminoma cells and small cells that resemble Sertoli or granulosa cells. It occurs in the testis and the ovary, and is identified in children and adults. It is often associated with gonadal dysgenesis and abnormal karyotype.
A rare gestational trophoblastic tumor characterized by the presence of a diffuse cellular infiltrate composed of intermediate trophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts and by the absense of a significant population of syncytiotrophoblasts.
Placental-Site Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor
Placental Site Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor
Placental-Site Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm
A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the hepatocytes. Grossly, it appears as a soft, round mass which often contains areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. Morphologically, the neoplastic cells resemble normal hepatocytes and form plates separated by sinusoids. Most patients have a history of contraceptive or anabolic steroids use.
A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from hepatocytes.
A malignant neoplasm composed of glandular epithelial clear cells. Various architectural patterns may be seen, including papillary, tubulocystic, and solid.
A malignant neoplasm comprising glandular epithelial clear cells.
A rare type of tumor, usually of the female genital tract, in which the insides of the cells look clear when viewed under a microscope.
A malignant glandular epithelial neoplasm consisting of secretory cells forming acinar patterns. Representative examples include the acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas and the acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland.
A malignant glandular epithelial neoplasm comprising secretory cells forming acinar patterns.
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells resembling endometrial cells. It can arise from the uterine body, ovary, fallopian tube, cervix, vagina, and uterine ligament.
Endometrioid Carcinoma of Female Reproductive System
Endometrioid Carcinoma of the Female Reproductive System
Female Reproductive Endometrioid Carcinoma
An adenocarcinoma of the breast arising from the lobules. This is a relatively uncommon carcinoma, represents approximately 10% of the breast adenocarcinomas and is often bilateral or multifocal.
Cancer that begins in the lobules (the glands that make milk) of the breast. Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a condition in which abnormal cells are found only in the lobules. When cancer has spread from the lobules to surrounding tissues, it is invasive lobular carcinoma. LCIS does not become invasive lobular carcinoma very often, but having LCIS in one breast increases the risk of developing invasive cancer in either breast.
A carcinoma morphologically characterized the presence of cuboidal mucous cells, goblet-like mucous cells, squamoid cells, cystic changes, and a fibrotic stromal formation. It can occur in several anatomic sites, including parotid gland, oral cavity, paranasal sinus, skin, breast, lung, larynx, and lacrimal ducts. It is classified as low or high grade.
A malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm composed of cells containing secretory granules that stain positive for NSE and chromogranin. The neoplastic cells are often round and form clusters or trabecular sheets. Representative examples are small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma.
A usually aggressive, poorly differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by the presence of intracytoplasmic mucus. It may arise from the stomach, small and large intestine, ampulla of Vater, appendix, gallbladder, pancreas, lung, bladder, breast, and prostate gland.
A highly malignant type of cancer typically found in glandular cells that line the digestive organs. The cells resemble signet rings when examined under a microscope.
A carcinoma arising from the sebaceous glands, sweat glands, or the hair follicles. Representative examples include sebaceous carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, eccrine carcinoma, and pilomatrical carcinoma.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from sebaceous or sweat glands or from hair follicles.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of giant, pleomorphic cells.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of large, atypical cells.
Lung cancer in which the cells are large and look abnormal when viewed under a microscope.
A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary growth pattern, acanthosis, mild cytologic atypia, and pushing tumor margins. The most commonly affected anatomic sites are the oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, vulva, and the plantar region of the foot.
Squamous or glandular intraepithelial neoplasia that affects the cervical mucosal epithelium. There is no evidence of stromal invasion. According to the degree of cellular atypia and the associated architectural changes, it is classified as low or high grade.
Growth of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. Numbers from 1 to 3 may be used to describe how abnormal the cells are and how much of the cervical tissue is involved.
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix Uteri
Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Uterine Cervix
Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix Uteri
Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix
Uterine Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia
A serous neoplasm in which the cysts and papillae are lined by a single layer of cells without atypia, architectural complexity or invasion.
A neoplastic proliferation of basal cells in the epidermis (part of the skin) or other anatomic sites (most frequently the salivary glands). The basal cell neoplastic proliferation in the epidermis results in basal cell carcinomas. The basal cell neoplastic proliferation in the salivary glands can be benign, resulting in basal cell adenomas or malignant, resulting in basal cell adenocarcinomas.
A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from mesothelial cells. Mesothelial cells are the lining cells of the pleura and peritoneum. -- 2003
A neoplasm of the nervous system that arises from the neuroepithelial tissues. Representative examples include astrocytic tumors, oligodendroglial tumors, ependymal tumors, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors.
A well differentiated, slow growing neuroepithelial neoplasm composed of neoplastic, mature ganglion cells and neoplastic glial cells. Some gangliogliomas show anaplastic features in their glial component and are considered to be WHO grade III. Rare cases of newly diagnosed gangliogliomas with grade IV (glioblastoma) changes in the glial component have also been reported. (Adapted from WHO)
A rare neuroectodermal tumor originating from olfactory receptor cells in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. Microscopically, it is characterized by neuroblastic differentiation with occasional formation of rosettes. If the tumor is not resected at an early stage, the prognosis is usually poor.
A neuroblastic tumor characterized by the presence of neuroblastic cells, ganglion cells, and a stroma with Schwannian differentiation constituting more than fifty-percent of the tumor volume. There are two histologic subtypes identified: ganglioneuroblastoma, intermixed and ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular.
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of neuroblastic and ganglion cells and a stroma with Schwannian differentiation.
An intraventricular neuronal neoplasm composed of uniform round cells with neuronal differentiation. It is typically located in the lateral ventricles in the region of the foramen of Monro. It generally affects young adults and has a favorable prognosis. (Adapted from WHO)
A neoplasm that is composed of squamous epithelial cells. Squamous cell carcinoma is a representative example.
A neoplasm arising in the ovary or testis. It is composed of granulosa cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and fibroblasts. Each of these cell types may constitute the only cellular component that is present in the neoplasm or it may be mixed with other cell types in various combinations. The prognosis can not always be predicted on histologic grounds alone. Approximately, 10% of these tumors may metastasize. Representative examples include granulosa cell tumor, Leydig cell tumor, Sertoli cell tumor, and tumors of the thecoma-fibroma group.
A rare type of cancer that forms in the tissues that support the ovaries or testes. These tumors may release sex hormones. Sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors include granulosa cell, Sertoli cell, and Leydig cell tumors.
A tumor arising in the ovary or testis. It is composed of one or more of the following: granulosa cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and/or fibroblasts.
A benign, slow growing neoplasm which is typically attached to a ventricular wall. It is composed of glial tumor cell clusters embedded in an abundant fibrillary matrix with frequent microcystic change. Some lesions have the histological features of both subependymoma and ependymoma. It is often detected incidentally and has a very favorable prognosis. (Adapted from WHO.)
A benign neoplasm of the brain localized in the vicinity of a ventricular wall and is composed of glial tumor cell clusters embedded in an abundant fibrillary matrix with frequent microcystic changes.
A rare histological variant of glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) characterized by a biphasic tissue pattern with alternating areas displaying glial and mesenchymal differentiation (WHO).
A type of glioma (cancer of the brain that comes from glial, or supportive, cells).
Glioblastoma with a Sarcomatous Component
An uncommon, highly aggressive malignant tumor, arising from the peripheral nerves and affecting mostly adults in their third to sixth decades of life. It usually occurs in medium-sized and large nerves of the buttock, thigh, upper arm, or the paraspinal region. It may be associated with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1).
A malignant neoplasm, originating from the sheaths of the peripheral nerve.
A type of soft tissue sarcoma that develops in cells that form a protective sheath (covering) around peripheral nerves, which are nerves that are outside of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
Malignant Neoplasm of Peripheral Nerve Sheath
Malignant Neoplasm of the Peripheral Nerve Sheath
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Neoplasm
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour
Malignant Tumor of Peripheral Nerve Sheath
Malignant Tumor of the Peripheral Nerve Sheath
A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells. The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.
A WHO grade I tumor of uncertain histogenesis which is composed of stromal cells and abundant capillaries. Approximately 25% of hemangioblastomas are associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease, a disease inherited through an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the development of hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system and retina, clear cell renal carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and pancreatic and inner ear tumors. (Adapted from WHO)
An aggressive malignant embryonal neoplasm usually occurring during childhood. It is characterized by the presence of large cells with abundant cytoplasm, large eccentric nucleus, and a prominent nucleolus and it is associated with abnormalities of chromosome 22. It can arise from the central nervous system, kidney, and the soft tissues. The prognosis is poor.
A malignant tumor of either the central nervous system (CNS) or the kidney. Malignant rhabdoid tumors of the CNS often have an abnormality of chromosome 22. These tumors usually occur in children younger than 2 years.
Extremely aggressive malignancies that generally occur in infants and young children. The most common locations are the kidney and central nervous system (CNS), although they can also arise in most soft tissue sites. Approximately two-thirds of patients will present with advanced-stage disease. Rhabdoid tumors of the kidney tend to metastasize to the CNS and lungs. Rhabdoid tumors are associated with mutations of SMARCB1 (INI-1), a tumor suppressor gene.
A benign or malignant neoplasm composed of cells of neuroendocrine origin. Representative examples include paraganglioma, carcinoid tumor, and neuroendocrine carcinoma.
A tumor that forms from cells that release hormones in response to a signal from the nervous system. Some examples of neuroendocrine tumors are carcinoid tumors, islet cell tumors, medullary thyroid carcinomas, pheochromocytomas, and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin (Merkel cell cancer). These tumors may secrete higher-than-normal amounts of hormones, which can cause many different symptoms.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm that affects the connective and soft tissue.
Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue Neoplasm
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the major or minor salivary glands. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A rare cancer that forms in tissues of a salivary gland (gland in the mouth that makes saliva). Most salivary gland cancers occur in older people.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Salivary Gland
A carcinoma which has metastasized from an unknown primary anatomic site.
A case in which cancer cells are found in the body, but the place where the cells first started growing (the origin or primary site) cannot be determined.
A soft tissue mesenchymal tumor with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation. Representative examples include angiomyolipoma, clear cell-sugar-tumor of the lung, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
Neoplasm with Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Differentiation
Tumor with Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Differentiation
Lymphangiomyomatosis involving the lungs and local lymph nodes. Patients usually present with chylous pleural effusion. The clinical course is variable. Patients with resectable lesions usually have a favorable clinical outcome. Patients with diffuse lesions usually have a progressive clinical course.
A rare tumor containing unequivocal elements of both hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma that are intimately admixed. This tumor should be distinguished from separate hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma arising in the same liver. The prognosis of this tumor is poor.
Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma
Carcinoma of Liver and Intrahepatic Biliary Tract
Carcinoma of the Liver and Intrahepatic Biliary Tract
Combined Hepatocellular Cancer and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma)
Liver and Intrahepatic Biliary Tract Carcinoma
A benign neoplasm arising from the synovial membrane. Examples include the diffuse giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and localized giant cell tumor of tendon sheath.
A benign neoplasm arising from the synovial membrane.
A usually slow-growing epithelial neoplasm with ductal differentiation that arises from the exocrine pancreas and grows mostly within the pancreatic ducts. Grossly, it is characterized by the presence of intraductal masses. Morphologically, there is proliferation of mucin-producing cells within the pancreatic ducts, intraductal accumulation of mucin, and a papillary growth pattern. It may be associated with the presence of an invasive carcinoma. It usually occurs in older patients. Signs and symptoms include epigastric pain, weight loss, jaundice, chronic pancreatitis, and diabetes mellitus.
Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Neoplasm
Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Tumor
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the gallbladder. It is usually associated with the presence of gallstones. Clinical symptoms are not specific and usually present late in the course. Morphologically, most gallbladder carcinomas are adenocarcinomas; squamous cell carcinomas, adenosquamous carcinomas, signet ring carcinomas, and undifferentiated carcinomas can also occur.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ below the liver that collects and stores bile (a fluid made by the liver to digest fat). Gallbladder cancer begins in the innermost layer of tissue and spreads through the outer layers as it grows.
A carcinoma arising from the exocrine pancreas. The overwhelming majority of pancreatic carcinomas are adenocarcinomas.
A disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the tissues of the pancreas.
Pancreatic cancer (excluding Islets), NOS
A stromal tumor most commonly seen in the gastrointestinal tract. Rare cases of solitary masses in the omentum or the mesentery have also been reported (extragastrointestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumor). It is a tumor that differentiates along the lines of interstitial cells of Cajal. Most cases contain KIT- or PDGFRA-activating mutations. Until recently, surgery has been the only effective therapy for this tumor. However, many patients still experience recurrence. Conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been of limited value. A KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate (also known as STI-571 or Gleevec), is now effective in the treatment of relapsed and unresectable cases.
A type of tumor that usually begins in cells in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. It can be benign or malignant.
A carcinoma arising from the nasopharyngeal epithelium. It includes the following types: keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, nonkeratinizing carcinoma (differentiated and undifferentiated), basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, and papillary adenocarcinoma.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the nasopharynx (upper part of the throat behind the nose). Most nasopharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the nasopharynx).
A neoplasm that arises from the ovary and originates from germ cells. Representative examples include teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and dysgerminoma.
A neoplasm arising from gonadal tissue within the ovary.
An abnormal mass of tissue that forms in germ (egg) cells in the ovary (female reproductive gland in which the eggs are formed). These tumors usually occur in teenage girls or young women, usually affect just one ovary, and can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). The most common ovarian germ cell tumor is called dysgerminoma.
A non-seminomatous germ cell tumor arising from the testis. It is characterized by the presence of various tissues which correspond to the different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). According to the level of differentiation of the tissues which comprise the tumor, testicular teratomas are classified as mature or immature. Mature teratomas are composed of well differentiated, adult-type tissues. Immature teratomas are composed of immature, fetal type-tissues. Testicular teratomas in children follow a benign clinical course whereas in postpubertal patients may metastasize to other anatomic sites.
A primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland composed of undifferentiated cells. The malignant cells demonstrate evidence of epithelial differentiation, either by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopic studies. Microscopically, in the majority of cases there is a mixture of spindle, epithelioid, and giant cells. The vast majority of the patients present with a rapidly enlarging neck mass. The clinical course is usually aggressive.
Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma
A rare, aggressive type of thyroid cancer in which the malignant (cancer) cells look very different from normal thyroid cells.
An aggressive carcinoma of the thyroid gland composed of undifferentiated cells.
Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Dedifferentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma
Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Thyroid Gland Cancer
Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Thyroid Gland Carcinoma
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Undifferentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma
A neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the C-cells of the thyroid gland. It is closely associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. Approximately 10% to 20% of medullary thyroid carcinomas are familial. Patients usually present with a thyroid nodule that is painless and firm. In the majority of cases nodal involvement is present at diagnosis. Surgery is the preferred treatment for both primary lesions and recurrences. This carcinoma is generally not very sensitive to radiation and almost unresponsive to chemotherapy.
A neuroendocrine malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from C-cells of the thyroid gland.
Cancer that develops in C cells of the thyroid. The C cells make a hormone (calcitonin) that helps maintain a healthy level of calcium in the blood.
Carcinoma arising from the C-cells of the thyroid gland.
Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
An angiomyolipoma arising from the kidney.
An atypical meningioma which may recur in approximately 29-40% of the cases. This category includes the atypical meningioma, chordoid meningioma, and clear cell meningioma.
A malignant meningioma with aggressive clinical course. It recurs in approximately 50-78% of the cases. This category includes the anaplastic (malignant) meningioma, papillary meningioma, and rhabdoid meningioma.
An indolent, extranodal type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of small B-lymphocytes (centrocyte-like cells). The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of involvement. Other common sites of involvement include lung, head and neck, ocular adnexae, skin, thyroid, and breast. Gastric involvement is associated with the presence of H. pylori infection. (WHO, 2001)
Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
A type of cancer that arises in cells in mucosal tissue that are involved in antibody production.
Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT-lymphoma)
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma
An osteosarcoma usually arising from the metaphysis of long bones. It is characterized by the presence of a cystic architecture with blood-filled spaces. The prognosis is similar to that of conventional osteosarcoma.
A tumor composed of two or more glial cell types (astrocytes, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes).
A brain tumor that forms from more than one type of brain cell, usually astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
A malignant neoplasm comprising two or more glial cell types (e.g., astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes).
A WHO grade III meningioma characterized by the predominance of a perivascular pseudopapillary pattern.
A carcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater. The vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.
Cancer that forms in the ampulla of Vater (an enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas where they join and enter the small intestine). Symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.
A neuroendocrine carcinoma composed of small malignant cells which are often said to resemble "oat cells" under the microscope. Small cell carcinoma most often affects the lungs. Clinically, this is often a rapidly growing cancer that spreads to distant sites early.
A carcinoma arising from the vaginal epithelium. The majority of vaginal carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas.
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the vagina (birth canal). The vagina leads from the cervix (the opening of the uterus) to the outside of the body. The most common type of vaginal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which starts in the thin, flat cells lining the vagina. Another type of vaginal cancer is adenocarcinoma, cancer that begins in glandular cells in the lining of the vagina.
A germ cell tumor arising in an anatomic site other than the testis or ovary (e.g., central nervous system, lung, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum).
A neoplasm arising from gonadal tissue outside the ovary or testes.
A rare cancer that develops in germ cells that are found in areas of the body other than the ovary or testicle (such as the brain, chest, abdomen, or tailbone). Germ cells are reproductive cells that develop into sperm in males and eggs in females.
A melanocytic nevus that is present at birth. It may present as a small macular, papular, or plaque-like lesion or as a large brown to black hairy skin lesion.
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus of the Skin
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma.
An intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.
A classification of primary endometrial adenocarcinomas that refers to clear cell adenocarcinoma, serous adenocarcinoma, and serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma.
A glioblastoma that arises de novo. It is more commonly seen in older patients. Mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 genes are not present.
A low grade carcinoma of the kidney characterized by the presence of tubules which are separated by mucinous stroma. Often the tubular structures have a spindle cell appearance. Patients are usually asymptomatic and occasionally they may present with hematuria or flank pain.
Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney
A malignant neoplasm of the kidney, characterized by the presence of tubules.
Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Plasmacytoid Variant
An invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder that exhibits spindle cell sarcomatoid features.
Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Sarcomatoid Variant
The most common morphologic subtype of urinary bladder carcinoma (over 90% of cases). It arises from the transitional epithelium. It most often affects males in their sixth and seventh decades of life. Hematuria is the most common symptom at presentation. Pathologic stage is the strongest predictor of survival.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
Urinary Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
Transitional Cell Neoplasm of the Urinary Tract
Infiltrating Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Tract
A germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of one histologic component. This category includes seminoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and trophoblastic tumor.
A tumor that arises from the testis and is composed of neoplastic trophoblastic cells. The vast majority of cases are choriocarcinomas.
A usually benign tumor composed of solid and cystic nests of epithelial cells resembling transitional epithelium; it is surrounded by an abundant stromal component that is dense and fibroblastic in nature.
A sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the ovary and is composed entirely of, or in various combinations of, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblast-like cells.
A sex cord-stromal tumor, comprising in its entirety or in various combinations, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblast-like cells, that arises from the ovary.
A neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is composed of tissues that resemble dysgerminoma or seminoma and are admixed with sex cord tissues. It is found in children or young adults and usually is associated with secondary sex organs abnormalities. The majority of patients present as phenotypic females with virilization. The minority of patients present as phenotypic males with feminization. It typically affects both gonads. If a malignant germ cell component is present, it may metastasize to other anatomic sites.
A gonadoblastoma that occurs in the ovary.
A malignant tumor that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of malignant germ cell components but lacks a teratoma component.
A rare, malignant germ cell tumor arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of embryoid bodies which resemble early embryos.
A germ cell tumor that arises from the ovary and is composed of tissues that originate from two or three of the following germ layers, endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm.
An advanced, invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of distinct changes in the overlying skin. These changes include diffuse erythema, edema, peau d'orange (skin of an orange) appearance, tenderness, induration, warmth, enlargement, and in some cases a palpable mass. The skin changes are the consequence of lymphatic obstruction from the underlying invasive breast adenocarcinoma. Microscopically, the dermal lymphatics show prominent infiltration by malignant cells. The invasive breast adenocarcinoma is usually of ductal, NOS type. There is not significant inflammatory cell infiltrate present, despite the name of this carcinoma.
A type of breast cancer in which the breast looks red and swollen and feels warm. The skin of the breast may also show the pitted appearance called peau d'orange (like the skin of an orange). The redness and warmth occur because the cancer cells block the lymph vessels in the skin.
An invasive malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells that, in well differentiated tumors, resemble the epithelium of the fallopian tube or, in poorly differentiated tumors, show anaplastic features and marked nuclear atypia. It includes serous adenocarcinoma and serous adenocarcinofibroma.
An invasive malignant tumor that originates from the surface epithelium of the ovary. It is composed of malignant epithelial cells and stroma. Representative examples include serous adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma, and malignant Brenner tumor.
Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial-Stromal Neoplasm
Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumor
A low grade mucinous epithelial neoplasm arising from the ovary. It is characterized by an atypical proliferation of mucinous-type epithelial cells without evidence of stromal invasion. The mucinous epithelial cells may be of intestinal or endocervical type.
A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells that resemble endocervical epithelial cells. There is no evidence of stromal invasion.
Borderline Ovarian Mucinous Tumor, Endocervical-Like
An adenocarcinoma arising from the stomach glandular epithelium. Gastric adenocarcinoma is primarily a disease of older individuals. It most commonly develops after a long period of atrophic gastritis and is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. The lack of early symptoms often delays the diagnosis of gastric cancer. The majority of patients present with advanced tumors which have poor rates of curability. Microscopically, two important histologic types of gastric adenocarcinoma are recognized: the intestinal and diffuse type. The overall prognosis of gastric adenocarcinomas is poor, even in patients who receive a "curative" resection (adapted from Sternberg's Surgical Pathology, 3rd ed., 1999).
A malignant tumor that occurs in children. Representative examples include soft tissue and bone sarcomas (e.g. osteosarcoma) and embryonal neoplasms (e.g. hepatoblastoma and rhabdoid tumor).
An invasive malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary characterized by the presence of malignant, endometrial-type cells. It includes endometrioid adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma.
A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the ovary that is characterized by a predominance of clear and hobnail cells.
An epithelial neoplasm with low malignant potential affecting the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of clear or hobnail cells. In some cases, the cells may display nuclear atypia and prominent nucleoli. When such cells are present, they remain confined to the glands. There is no evidence of stromal invasion.
A malignant mixed epithelial neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is composed predominantly of serous and endocervical-type mucinous epithelium.
Malignant Ovarian Mixed Epithelial Neoplasm
Malignant Ovarian Mixed Epithelial Tumor
An adenocarcinoma that is characterized by the presence of papillary patterns and cellular budding. Psammoma bodies may be present. Representative examples include cervical serous adenocarcinoma, endometrial serous adenocarcinoma, ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, and primary peritoneal serous adenocarcinoma.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the head and neck. Representative examples include oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and salivary gland carcinoma.
Cancer that arises in the head or neck region (in the nasal cavity, sinuses, lip, mouth, salivary glands, throat, or larynx [voice box]).
A primary, usually low grade adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in which the majority of the malignant epithelial cells contain abundant intracytoplasmic mucin.
A classification of primary endometrial adenocarcinomas that refers to endometrioid adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the bone or articular cartilage.
A solid malignant neoplasm that develops or arises in the bone.
Primary bone cancer is cancer that forms in cells of the bone. Some types of primary bone cancer are osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and chondrosarcoma. Secondary bone cancer is cancer that spreads to the bone from another part of the body (such as the prostate, breast, or lung).
A breast carcinoma arising from the ducts. While ductal carcinomas can arise at other sites, this term is universally used to refer to carcinomas of the breast. Ductal carcinomas account for about two thirds of all breast cancers. Two types of ductal carcinomas have been described: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma. The latter often spreads to the axillary lymph nodes and other anatomic sites. The two forms of ductal carcinoma often coexist.
The most common type of breast cancer. It begins in the cells that line the milk ducts in the breast.
A morphologic variant of leiomyosarcoma arising from the uterine corpus. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid round cells with eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm.
Uterine Corpus Epithelioid Leiomyosarcoma
A morphologic variant of leiomyosarcoma arising from the uterus corpus. It is characterized by the presence of cellular pleomorphism, malignant cells with large nuclei, and a myxoid stroma.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the uterine corpus and is composed of neoplastic cells with smooth muscle differentiation.
A smooth muscle neoplasm which arises from the uterine corpus and can not be reliably diagnosed as benign or malignant, because of the presence of ambiguous morphologic findings.
Uterine Corpus Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential
Borderline Uterine Corpus Smooth Muscle Neoplasm
Uterine Corpus Smooth Muscle Neoplasm of Uncertain Malignant Potential
A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the uterine corpus. Representative examples include leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, and endometrial stromal sarcoma.
A non-invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of monomorphic cells completely filling the lumina. The overall lobular architecture is preserved. It is frequently multifocal (90% in some series) and bilateral. It seldom becomes invasive; however there is an increased risk of infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma.
A condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lobules of the breast. Lobular carcinoma in situ seldom becomes invasive cancer; however, having it in one breast increases the risk of developing breast cancer in either breast.
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast (LCIS)
Non-Infiltrating Lobular Breast Carcinoma
Non-Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma of Breast
Non-Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast
Non-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of Breast
Non-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast
A neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation arising from the uterine corpus wall.
Uterine Corpus Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor
A primary, benign or malignant neoplasm of the uterine corpus characterized by the presence of an epithelial and a mesenchymal component. Representative examples include adenomyoma, adenosarcoma, and carcinosarcoma.
Uterine Corpus Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Neoplasm
Uterine Corpus Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Tumor
A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the cervix. Representative examples include condyloma acuminatum, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma.
A conventional osteosarcoma characterized by the presence of spindle shaped cells.
A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma that resembles the large intestinal adenocarcinoma.
Cervical Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Intestinal-Type
Cervical Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Intestinal Variant
A rare cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of signet ring cells.
Cervical Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Signet Ring Cell Type
Cervical Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Signet Ring Cell Variant
A cervical adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a prominent villoglandular pattern.
Cervical Adenocarcinoma, Villoglandular Variant
An osteosarcoma characterised by the presence of atypical cartilage of variable cellularity. It may or may not be associated with the presence of myxoid areas or focal bone formation.
A benign, malignant, or precancerous neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the cervix. Representative examples include endocervical polyp, cervical adenocarcinoma, and cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia.
A poorly differentiated variant of adenosquamous carcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells with ground glass cytoplasm and stromal eosinophilic infiltrates.
Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma, Glassy Cell Variant
A rare low grade carcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of nests of basaloid cells with focal glandular formations.
A rare, aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with abundant cytoplasm, large nuclei, and prominent nucleoli.
Cervical Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
A category of benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasms that arises from the uterine corpus. This category includes the endometrial stromal nodule which is benign and non-invasive, the endometrial stromal sarcoma, and the undifferentiated uterine sarcoma. The endometrial stromal sarcoma is an invasive malignant neoplasm, further subdivided into low grade and high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Undifferentiated uterine sarcoma was previously also known as high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. In 2014, high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma was reclassified and is currently considered a distinct and rare neoplasm. It appears to have a prognosis that falls between low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma.
Uterine Corpus Endometrial Stromal and Related Neoplasms
Uterine Corpus Endometrial Stromal and Related Tumors
A form of melanoma occurring most often on the plantar, palmar, subungual, and periungual skin. It presents as a pigmented macular lesion with irregular borders. Morphologically, it consists of atypical spindled and dendritic melanocytes. The epidermis is often hyperplastic and there is pagetoid infiltration of the epidermis by anaplastic cells.
An osteosarcoma usually arising from the metaphysis of long bones. It is characterized by the presence of small cells and osteoid production. The prognosis is usually unfavorable.
A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the esophagus. It is associated with a long history of tobacco and alcohol abuse and is exceedingly rare before the age of 30. The median age is around 65 in both males and females. It is located mostly in the middle and lower third of the esophagus. Grossly, polypoid, ulcerated, plaque-like and occult lesions have been described. The microscopic features are the same as in other squamous cell carcinomas. Any degree of differentiation may occur, and variation within a single tumor is common. The prognosis is poor.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the cervix. Representative examples include cervicitis, endocervical polyp, and carcinoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the vagina. Representative examples include condyloma acuminatum, squamous papilloma, and squamous cell carcinoma.
A malignant tumor with glandular differentiation arising predominantly from Barrett mucosa in the lower third of the esophagus. Rare examples of esophageal adenocarcinoma deriving from ectopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus have also been reported. Grossly, esophageal adenocarcinomas are similar to esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Microscopically, adenocarcinomas arising in the setting of Barrett esophagus are typically papillary and/or tubular. The prognosis is poor.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of neoplastic glandular epithelial cells. Representative examples include adenoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and clear cell adenocarcinoma.
A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the vagina with histologic features resembling cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma, endocervical type or cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma, intestinal variant.
A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the cervical epithelium. It usually evolves from a precancerous cervical lesion. Increased numbers of sexual partners and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are risk factors for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The following histologic patterns have been described: conventional squamous cell carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, condylomatous carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma. Survival is most closely related to the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis.
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
An adenocarcinoma arising from the cervical epithelium. It accounts for approximately 15% of invasive cervical carcinomas. Increased numbers of sexual partners and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are risk factors. Grossly, advanced cervical adenocarcinoma may present as an exophytic mass, an ulcerated lesion, or diffuse cervical enlargement. Microscopically, the majority of cervical adenocarcinomas are of the endocervical (mucinous) type.
Cervical Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
A malignant neoplasm derived from the transitional epithelium of the urinary tract (urinary bladder, ureter, urethra, or renal pelvis). It is frequently papillary.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Tract
Transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract
A squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder arising from metaplastic epithelium. It represents less than 10% of bladder carcinomas. The exception is the Middle East along the Nile Valley, where it represents the most common form of carcinoma because of the endemic nature of schistosomiasis. Bladder squamous cell carcinoma is often associated with long-standing chronic inflammation of the bladder and usually has a poor prognosis. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder should be reserved for those tumors that are predominantly keratin forming.
Epidermoid Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
An adenocarcinoma with sebaceous differentiation. It presents as a painless mass and it may be multifocal. It grows in the ocular adnexae and in the skin of head and neck, trunk, genitals, and extremities. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with multivesicular and clear cytoplasm. It may recur and metastasize.
An adenocarcinoma with sebaceous differentiation.
An astrocytic tumor of uncertain relation to pilocytic astrocytoma. It occurs predominantly in infants and young children. It is characterized by a monomorphic architectural pattern, usually associated with the absence of Rosenthal fibers and eosinophilic granular bodies. The clinical course is usually aggressive.
A rare adenocarcinoma arising from metaplastic bladder epithelium. It is frequently associated with long-standing local irritation. The majority of cases originate from the trigone and the posterior wall of the bladder.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm of the kidney characterized by the presence of lipid-containing clear cells within a vascular network. The tumor may metastasize to unusual sites and late metastasis is common.
The most common type of kidney cancer. It begins in the lining of the renal tubules in the kidney. The renal tubules filter the blood and produce urine.
Conventional (Clear Cell) Renal Cell Adenocarcinoma
Conventional (Clear Cell) Renal Cell Carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma
A differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Radiation exposure is a risk factor and it is the most common malignant thyroid lesion, comprising 75% to 80% of all thyroid cancers in iodine sufficient countries. Diagnostic procedures include thyroid ultrasound and fine needle biopsy. Microscopically, the diagnosis is based on the distinct characteristics of the malignant cells, which include enlargement, oval shape, elongation, and overlapping of the nuclei. The nuclei also display clearing or have a ground glass appearance.
A differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. The diagnosis is based on the distinct characteristics of the malignant cells, which include enlargement, oval shape, elongation, and overlapping of the nuclei. The nuclei also display clearing or have a ground glass appearance.
Cancer that forms in follicular cells in the thyroid and grows in small finger-like shapes. It grows slowly, is more common in women than in men, and often occurs before age 45. It is the most common type of thyroid cancer.
Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped malignant cells.
Squamous Cell Breast Carcinoma, Spindle Cell Variant
An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of tubular and glandular neoplastic cell structures, admixed with islands of neoplastic cells showing squamous differentiation.
An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal cellular component. The mesenchymal cellular component ranges from cartilaginous and osseous, to purely sarcomatous.
Mixed Epithelial/Mesenchymal Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma
A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of uniform polygonal cells with small or moderate amount of cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli. The cells are usually arranged in organoid and trabecular patterns. It is classified as typical or atypical carcinoid tumor based on the number of mitotic figures and the absence or presence of necrosis. Atypical carcinoid tumors have a worse prognosis.
A benign or malignant tumor that arises from the breast and originates from or is composed of myoepithelial cells. Representative examples include adenomyoepithelioma, myoepitheliosis, and malignant myoepithelioma.
A benign or malignant tumor characterized by the presence of cells that show myoepithelial differentiation. Based on its morphologic features, it is classified as benign or malignant. A representative example of benign myoepithelioma is benign salivary gland myoepithelioma. Representative examples of malignant myoepithelioma or myoepithelial carcinoma are malignant breast myoepithelioma and salivary gland myoepithelial carcinoma.
A benign or malignant tumor that arises from the salivary glands. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with myoepithelial differentiation. This category includes benign myoepithelioma and myoepithelial carcinoma.
A benign or malignant biphasic neoplasm that arises from the breast parenchyma. It is characterized by the presence of an epithelial and a mesenchymal (stromal) component. The typical examples are fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor.
A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the breast. Representative examples of benign mesenchymal neoplasms include leiomyoma, lipoma, and myofibroblastoma. Representative examples of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms include angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and liposarcoma.
A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the hypopharynx. Signs and symptoms include dysphagia, hemoptysis, and the presence of a neck mass.
Hypopharyngeal Throat Squamous Cell Cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx
A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the larynx. It is the most common histologic type of laryngeal carcinoma. It can arise from the glottis, supraglottic area, or it can be transglottic. Glottic squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent laryngeal carcinoma in the United States. The symptoms, clinical behavior and the prognosis depend on the site of origin within the larynx.
A WHO grade I, relatively circumscribed, slowly growing, often cystic astrocytoma occurring in children and young adults. Histologically it is characterized by a biphasic pattern with compacted bipolar cells associated with Rosenthal fibers and multipolar cells associated with microcysts and eosinophilic bodies/hyaline droplets. (WHO)
A benign neoplasm of the brain or spinal cord arising from astrocytes associated with single or multiple cysts.
A WHO grade III malignant glioma of ependymal origin with accelerated growth and an unfavorable clinical outcome, particularly in children. It is characterized by high mitotic activity, often accompanied by microvascular proliferation and pseudo-palisading necrosis. (Adapted from WHO)
A malignant neoplasm of ependymal origin with anaplastic cellular morphology.
A WHO grade II tumor composed of a conspicuous mixture of two distinct neoplastic cell types morphologically resembling the tumor cells in oligodendroglioma and diffuse astrocytoma. (WHO)
A benign neoplasm of the central nervous system with an astrocytic and oligodendrocytic component.
A brain tumor that forms from both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, which are types of glial cells (cells that cover and protect nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord and help them work the way they should). An oligoastrocytoma is a type of mixed glioma.
Mixed Astrocytic-Oligodendroglial Neoplasm
A WHO grade III meningioma characterized by the presence of malignant morphologic features, including malignant cytology and a very high mitotic index (20 or more mitoses per ten high power fields).
A malignant neoplasm of the meninges, exhibiting poor differentiation (anaplasia).
A rare, fast-growing tumor that forms in one of the inner layers of the meninges (thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord). Malignant meningioma often spreads to other areas of the body.
A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscle.
A malignant neoplasm characterized by then presence of atypical giant cells.
A malignant neoplasm of bone comprised of giant cells (osteoclast-like) and mononuclear cells.
A neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells. It is characterized by the absence of morphologic features associated with malignancy (severe cytologic atypia, tumor cell necrosis, and high mitotic rate). Benign epithelial neoplasms remain confined to the original site of growth and only rarely metastasize to other anatomic sites.
A benign neoplasm arising from epithelial cells of the skin.
A usually aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of cells with significant cytologic atypia and nuclear pleomorphism.
A term that helps define and render a concept unique.
A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary, exophytic growth pattern and hyperkeratosis. The most commonly affected anatomic sites are the larynx, penis, cervix, vagina, and vulva.
A nonkeratinizing carcinoma which occurs predominantly in the nasopharynx but also in the tonsils and rarely in other anatomic sites. It is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, syncytial growth pattern, and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.
Nasopharyngeal Type Undifferentiated Carcinoma
A poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with spindle cell morphologic features.
Transitional Cell Spindle Cell Carcinoma
A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, small amount of cytoplasm, and peripheral nuclear palisading.
A lesion in which the normally situated glands are partially or completely replaced by atypical cells with malignant characteristics.
A non-invasive or invasive cystic epithelial neoplasm that affects almost exclusively females. It is characterized by the presence of columnar mucin-producing epithelial cells and ovarian-type stroma formation.
A benign or malignant epithelial neoplasm that is usually cystic and arises from the exocrine pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that produce fluid similar to serum. Representative examples include serous cystadenoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma.
An adenocarcinoma arising from epithelium which has undergone intestinal metaplasia. Representative examples include gastric, gallbladder, and ampulla of Vater intestinal type adenocarcinomas.
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a diffuse cellular infiltrate which is composed of poorly cohesive cells with minimal or no glandular formations. Representative example is the gastric diffuse adenocarcinoma.
A distinctive type of liver cell carcinoma that arises in non-cirrhotic livers and is seen predominantly in young patients. The tumor cells are polygonal and deeply eosinophilic, and are embedded in a fibrous stroma. The prognosis is similar to classical hepatocellular carcinoma that arises in non-cirrhotic livers, and better than hepatocellular carcinoma that arises in cirrhotic livers.
Fibrolamellar Carcinoma of the Liver Cells
Polygonal Cell Type Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Fibrous Stroma
A carcinoma morphologically characterized by the presence of solid sheets of malignant epithelial cells in tissues.
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a villous architectural pattern. It may arise from a villous adenoma.
A type of carcinoma that comprises a minority of renal cell carcinomas. It is characterized by loss of chromosomes 1 and Y. Based on the cytoplasmic characteristics of the neoplastic cells, this type of carcinoma is classified as classic (typical) or eosinophilic. It has a much better prognosis than other renal cell carcinomas.
Chromophobe Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney
A benign epithelial neoplasm with eccrine or apocrine differentiation, arising from the sweat glands. It usually presents as a solitary, well circumscribed, firm nodule in the face and upper trunk. It is characterized by the presence of basaloid cells forming nodules in the dermis. Cases of carcinoma arising from long standing spiradenomas have been reported.
The most common type of invasive breast carcinoma, accounting for approximately 70% of breast carcinomas. The gross appearance is usually typical with an irregular stellate outline. Microscopically, randomly arranged epithelial elements are seen. When large sheets of malignant cells are present, necrosis may be seen. With adequate tissue sampling, in situ carcinoma can be demonstrated in association with the infiltrating carcinoma. The in situ component is nearly always ductal but occasionally may be lobular or both.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
The most common type of invasive breast cancer. It starts in the cells that line the milk ducts in the breast, grows outside the ducts, and often spreads to the lymph nodes.
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, No Specific Type
A benign or malignant glandular epithelial neoplasm consisting of secretory cells forming acinar patterns. It includes the acinar cell adenoma and acinar cell carcinoma.
A malignant neoplasm which occurs mostly in the major salivary glands (most frequently in the parotid gland), but also in the minor salivary glands of the oral mucosa and the tracheobronchial tree. It is characterized by the presence of ductal structures which are lined by an inner layer of cuboidal epithelial-type cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm.
A benign or malignant paraganglioma arising from the chromaffin cells of the paraganglia that are located along the sympathetic nerves. It includes extra-adrenal paragangliomas and paragangliomas that arise from the adrenal medulla. The latter are commonly referred to as pheochromocytomas. Representative examples of extra-adrenal sympathetic paragangliomas include the bladder, and superior and inferior paraaortic paragangliomas. Clinical signs are related to the secretion of catecholamines resulting in hypertension.
A very rare morphologic variant of glomus tumor with a size greater than 2 cm. The tumor arises in subfascial or visceral tissues. It is characterized by the presence of atypical mitotic figures, or marked nuclear atypia, or the combination of both. It has an aggressive clinical course.
A melanoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle-shaped melanocytes.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the soft tissue.
An intermediate cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain differentiation, usually affecting the actinic-damaged skin of the elderly. The tumor presents as a single cutaneous nodule which is often ulcerated. Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of highly atypical cytologic features, pleomorphism and abundant mitotic figures. The vast majority of patients have an excellent prognosis following conservative therapy. Recurrences are infrequent, and metastasis is rare.
Superficial Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
An undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma characterized by the presence of a pleomorphic malignant cellular infiltrate. It is also known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
A malignant neoplasm composed of a fibroblastic and a histiocytic component.
A soft tissue sarcoma that usually occurs in the limbs, most commonly the legs, and may also occur in the abdomen.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Soft Tissue and Bone
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Soft Tissue and Bone
Storiform-Pleomorphic Fibrous Histiocytoma
Storiform-Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Unclassified Pleomorphic Sarcoma (Formerly "MFH")
Unclassified Pleomorphic Sarcoma (Formerly "Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma")
Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Soft Tissue Sarcoma
A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of adipose (fatty) tissue.
A locally aggressive malignant neoplasm composed of mature adipocytes showing cell size variation and nuclear atypia. It is often associated with the presence of hyperchromatic multinucleated stromal cells, and varying numbers of lipoblasts. There are three histologic subtypes, sclerosing, inflammatory, and spindle cell liposarcoma. These tumors do not usually metastasize unless they undergo dedifferentiation.
Well Differentiated Liposarcoma of Deep Soft Tissue
An aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm with skeletal muscle differentiation, occurring in adults and rarely in children. The tumor is characterized by the presence of bizarre round, spindle, and polygonal cells. Clinical presentation includes a rapidly enlarging painful mass usually of the lower extremities.
An infiltrating mesenchymal tumor arising from the uterine corpus, cervix, vagina, and the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of oval to spindle-shape cells that resemble the cells of the endometrial stroma, without evidence of significant atypia and pleomorphism. Numerous small vessels are also present. It is usually characterized by indolent growth and late recurrences.
A rare malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from the pancreas. The vast majority of cases occur during childhood. It is characterized by acinar differentiation, the formation of squamoid corpuscles, and the formation of stromal bands. Patients may present with an abdominal mass. Symptoms include pain, weight loss, and diarrhea. It may metastasize to lymph nodes, liver, and distant anatomic sites. Children who do not have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis usually have a favorable clinical outcome when treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. However, children with metastatic disease at presentation or adult patients usually have a poor prognosis.
A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the lip or the oral cavity. The oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma usually arises from the buccal mucosa, tongue, or gums. It occurs predominantly in adults who use tobacco and alcohol and has a tendency to metastasize early to lymph nodes.
Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Cancer
A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the uterine corpus and less often the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of two components: a malignant epithelial component and a sarcomatous component. In the uterine corpus the epithelial component is usually glandular whereas in the cervix is usually non-glandular. Carcinosarcoma of the cervix, although it is aggressive, it may have a better prognosis compared to the uterine corpus carcinosarcoma.
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Mullerian) Tumor of the Uterus
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Müllerian) Tumor of the Uterus
Uterine Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Mullerian) Tumor
Uterine Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Müllerian) Tumor
A benign, circumscribed fibroepithelial neoplasm arising from the breast and rarely the prostate gland. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial structures which are arranged in clefts and by a hypercellular mesenchymal stroma which is organized in leaf-like structures. There is no evidence of cellular atypia or sarcomatous features.
A phyllodes tumor with sarcomatous stroma. The sarcomatous component is usually of the fibrosarcomatous type. Liposarcomatous, chondrosarcomatous, osteosarcomatous, or rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation may also occur in the stroma. It may recur and metastasize following surgical resection. The lung and skeleton are the anatomic sites most frequently involved by metastases.
A teratoma composed of immature, fetal-type tissues.
A malignant germ-cell neoplasm derived from pluripotent cells and consisting of components from one or more of the three germ-cell layers.
A rare type of malignant (cancer) germ cell tumor (type of tumor that begins in the cells that give rise to sperm or eggs) that often contains several different types of tissue such as hair, muscle, and bone.
A teratoma which is characterized by morphologic transformation to malignancy and an aggressive clinical course. The malignant component most often is sarcomatous or carcinomatous.
Dermoid Cyst with Malignant Transformation
A malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of at least two different germ cell tumor components. The different germ cell tumor components include choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, and seminoma. It occurs in the ovary, testis, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system and mediastinum.
A gestational trophoblastic disorder characterized by the presence of an abnormal fetus and two populations of chorionic villi: one population which is unremarkable and a second one which shows hydropic changes.
A placental disorder characterized by the presence of two populations of chorionic villi: one population which is of unremarkable development and a second one which shows hydropic changes.
A chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of myxoid changes.
A WHO grade ll astrocytic tumor with a relatively favorable prognosis. It is characterized by pleomorphic and lipidized cells expressing GFAP often surrounded by a reticulin network and eosinophilic granular bodies. It presents in the superficial cerebral hemispheres and involves the meninges. It typically affects children and young adults.
A rare glial neoplasm more commonly found in young adults. It is characterized by tumor cells with characteristics suggestive of an astrocytic origin (positive for GFAP), arranged perivascularly. The cells have broad, non-tapering processes radiating towards a central blood vessel. The biologic behavior of astroblastomas is variable, so no WHO grade has been established, yet. (Adapted from WHO.)
A WHO grade III oligodendroglioma with focal or diffuse malignant morphologic features (prominent nuclear pleomorphism, mitoses, and increased cellularity).
A malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system arising from oligodendrocytes, exhibiting poor differentiation (anaplasia).
OLIGODENDROGLIOMA, ANAPLASTIC, MALIGNANT
A rare, usually aggressive malignant embryonal neoplasm of the central nervous system occurring in children. It is characterized by the presence of neuroepithelial cells which form papillary, trabecular, or tubular structures and absence of C19MC amplification. Symptoms include headache, nausea, and vomiting.
A rare malignant embryonal neoplasm of the central nervous system, occurring in children. It is characterized by the presence of neuroepithelial cells that form papillary, trabecular, or tubular structures.
Central Nervous System Medulloepithelioma
Medulloepithelioma, Central Nervous System
Germinative Follicular Epithelium Neoplasm
Benign Germinative Follicular Epithelium Neoplasm
Benign Germinative Follicular Epithelium Tumor
An aggressive, usually diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of small to medium sized B-lymphocytes (centrocytes). Most patients present with advanced stage disease with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and bone marrow involvement. The gastrointestinal tract is the most commonly affected extranodal site by this type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The vast majority of cases express the t(11;14)(q13;q32) resulting in the rearrangement of the BCL-1 gene and the overexpression of cyclin D1 mRNA.
An aggressive (fast-growing) type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that usually occurs in middle-aged or older adults. It is marked by small- to medium-size cancer cells that may be in the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, blood, and gastrointestinal system.
A usually indolent mature B-cell lymphoma, arising from the marginal zone of lymphoid tissues. It is characterized by the presence of small to medium sized atypical lymphocytes. It comprises three entities, according to the anatomic sites involved: extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, which affects extranodal sites (most often stomach, lung, skin, and ocular adnexa); nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, which affects lymph nodes without evidence of extranodal disease; and splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, which affects the spleen and splenic hilar lymph nodes, bone marrow, and often the peripheral blood.
An indolent (slow-growing) type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that begins forming in certain areas (the marginal zones) of lymph tissue. There are three types based on whether it forms in the spleen, lymph nodes, or other lymphoid tissue that contains a lot of B cells (a type of white blood cell).
A clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder, characterized by proliferation in the bone marrow of one or more of the myeloid (i.e., granulocytic, erythroid, megakaryocytic, and mast cell) lineages. It is primarily a neoplasm of adults. (WHO 2008)
A group of slow growing blood cancers, including chronic myelogenous leukemia, in which large numbers of abnormal red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets grow and spread in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood.
An adenocarcinoma arising from the colon. It is more frequently seen in populations with a Western type diet and in patients with a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Signs and symptoms include intestinal bleeding, anemia, and change in bowel habits. According to the degree of cellular differentiation, colonic adenocarcinomas are divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma.
A primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a patient with no family history of gastric cancer or inherited high risk mutations.
An adenocarcinoma arising from the appendix, characterized by the presence of signet-ring, mucin-producing malignant cells. The signet-ring cells constitute more than fifty-percent of the malignant cells.
An adenocarcinoma arising from the appendix, characterized by the presence of mucinous stroma formation.
An invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin pools that contain malignant glandular epithelial structures. The extracellular mucin pools occupy more than 50% of the malignant lesion.
An invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells with prominent intracytoplasmic mucin resulting in the displacement of the nuclei. The malignant glandular cells with intracytoplasmic mucin constitute more than 50% of the malignant cellular infiltrate.
A rare, invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of sheets of malignant epithelial cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. It usually has a favorable prognosis.
A non-metastasizing cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas.
A benign, borderline, or malignant tumor that originates from the surface epithelium of the ovary. It is composed of epithelial cells and stroma. Representative examples of benign tumors include serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma, and benign Brenner tumor. Representative examples of borderline tumors include serous surface papillary tumor, mucinous adenofibroma, and borderline Brenner tumor. Representative examples of malignant tumors include serous adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and malignant Brenner tumor.
Ovarian Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumor
Ovarian Surface-Epithelial Stromal Neoplasm
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the small intestine. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the appendix.
A carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic biliary tree (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) or from the junction, or adjacent to the junction, of the right and left hepatic ducts (hilar cholangiocarcinoma). Grossly, the malignant lesions are solid, nodular, and grayish. Morphologically, the vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas. Signs and symptoms include malaise, weight loss, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and night sweats. Early detection is difficult and the prognosis is generally poor.
A malignant neoplasm arising from/comprising cells resembling those of bile ducts.
A rare type of cancer that develops in cells that line the bile ducts in the liver. Cancer that forms where the right and left ducts meet is called Klatskin tumor.
Cholangiocarcinoma, intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts (adenocarcinoma)
A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the liver. Representative examples include angiosarcoma, undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.
A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the liver.
A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the ampulla of Vater.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the retroperitoneum.
An undifferentiated non-small cell lung carcinoma composed of large polygonal cells without evidence of glandular, squamous, or neuroendocrine differentiation.
Large Cell Undifferentiated Lung Carcinoma
A large cell lung carcinoma characterized by a predominance of clear cells that may or may not contain glycogen.
Large Cell Lung Carcinoma, Clear Cell Variant
Clear Cell Carcinoma of Lung, Large Cell Type
Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Lung, Large Cell Type
Clear Cell Lung Carcinoma, Large Cell Type
A morphologic variant of lung sarcomatoid carcinoma characterized by the presence of mononuclear and multinucleated pleomorphic neoplastic giant cells that lack cohesion.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or sweat glands.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the dermis.
A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from adipocytes.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Adipose Tissue
A phyllodes tumor of the breast characterized by infiltrative margins and a sarcomatous stromal component. The sarcomatous stroma usually displays features of fibrosarcoma. Liposarcomatous, osteosarcomatous, or rhabdomyosarcomatous elements may also be present.
Malignant Cystosarcoma Phyllodes of Breast
Malignant Cystosarcoma Phyllodes of the Breast
Malignant Phyllodes Neoplasm of the Breast
A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the breast parenchyma.
A benign, borderline, or malignant mixed epithelial tumor of the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of more than one epithelial cell type, most often serous and endocervical-type mucinous.
An invasive malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and originates from primordial germ cells. Representative examples include embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, dysgerminoma, and non-gestational choriocarcinoma.
Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm of the Ovary
An uncommon carcinoma arising from the cervix. It is composed of malignant glandular epithelial cells and malignant squamous epithelial cells.
Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma of Cervix Uteri
Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix
Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix
Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Cervix Uteri Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma
Uterine Cervix Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma
Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0). Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)
Adenocarcinoma in situ of Uterine Cervix
Adenocarcinoma in situ of the Cervix Uteri
Adenocarcinoma in situ of the Uterine Cervix
A low grade, late-metastasizing variant of fibrosarcoma characterized by alternating fibrous and myxoid areas and a whorling growth pattern. The neoplastic cells have a spindle morphology, and lack hyperchromasia or significant nuclear atypia. Approximately 40% of cases show the focal presence of collagen rosettes. A t(7;16)(q33;p11) translocation has been identified in the majority of cases, associated with the presence of FUS-CREB3L2 fusion protein. Rare cases carry the t(11;16)(p11;p11) translocation which is associated with the presence of the FUS-CREB3L1 fusion protein.
Cutaneous Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm
Cutaneous Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Neoplasm
A benign tumor of the kidney, characterized by the presence of large cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. The majority of these tumors are discovered incidentally, during work-up of other conditions.
A malignant neoplasm that arises from the choroid plexus. The vast majority are carcinomas.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Choroid Plexus
A rare adenocarcinoma with poor prognosis, arising from the adenohypophysial cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland or pre-existing adenomas. The majority are hormonally functioning neoplasms, usually producing prolactin or ACTH. The diagnosis is based on the presence of metastases. Syndromes associated with pituitary gland carcinomas include hyperprolactinemia, Cushing disease, and acromegaly.
A malignant melanoma within the conjunctiva of the eye.
A rare and distinctive type of lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of a syncytial growth pattern, large vesicular nuclei with eosinophilic nucleoli, and dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration.
A rare, aggressive, poorly differentiated, non-small cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of a sarcomatoid component often associated with giant cell differentiation. There is a male to female ratio of 4:1. Clinical symptoms include cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, progressive dyspnea and fever secondary to recurrent pneumonia. Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor.
A morphologic variant of sarcomatoid carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle cells and focal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. Adenocarcinoma cells, malignant squamous cells, and giant cells are not present.
A morphologic variant of sarcomatoid carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular or squamous cells associated with malignant giant and spindle cells.
A lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant non-keratinizing squamoid cells, mucin-producing cells and intermediate type cells.
A carcinoid tumor of the lung showing focal necrotic changes or a number of mitotic figures between 2 and 10/10 high power fields.
An intermediate grade malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the lung. This category includes atypical carcinoid tumor.
Intermediate Grade Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
A high grade malignant neoplasm that arises from the lung and is characterized by the presence of malignant neuroendocrine cells. This category includes small cell lung carcinoma, large cell lung neuroendocrine carcinoma, and combined lung carcinoma.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the lung.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the lung and pleura.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the lung parenchyma, bronchial tree, or trachea. Representative examples include lung carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, lung lymphoma, lung sarcoma, and tracheal carcinoma.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Respiratory Tract
Malignant Tumor of the Respiratory Tract
A rare, highly aggressive and lethal carcinoma that affects children and young adults. It arises from midline epithelial structures, most commonly the head, neck, and mediastinum. It is a poorly differentiated carcinoma and is characterized by mutations and rearrangement of the NUT gene. A balanced translocation t(15;19) is present that results in the creation of a fusion gene involving the NUT gene, most commonly BRD4-NUT fusion gene.
Carcinoma with t(15;19)(q13;p13.1) Translocation
Midline Carcinoma of Children and Young Adults with NUT Rearrangement
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the small intestine, large intestine, or both. Representative examples are carcinomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas.
Malignant Neoplasm of Epidermal Appendage
Malignant Neoplasm of the Epidermal Appendage
Malignant Tumor of the Epidermal Appendage
A neoplasm arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The vast majority are adenomas.
Neoplasm of the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the major or minor salivary glands. Representative examples include Warthin tumor, monomorphic adenoma, and pleomorphic adenoma.
An adenoma or carcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It is composed of large oncocytic cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.
An uncommon type of thyroid tumor that can be benign or malignant.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the pancreas.
A benign, non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas.
Benign Neoplasm of the Exocrine Pancreas
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or sweat glands. Representative examples include cylindroma, hidrocystoma, hidradenoma, and sebaceoma.
Benign Neoplasm of the Epidermal Appendage
A non-metastasizing, functioning or non-functioning neoplasm that arises from an endocrine organ. Representative examples include thyroid gland follicular adenoma and parathyroid gland adenoma.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the brain or spinal cord. Representative examples include anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, anaplastic (malignant) meningioma, lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma from another anatomic site.
Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm
Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Malignant
Malignant Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Malignant Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Malignant Tumor of Central Nervous System
Malignant Tumor of the Central Nervous System
A primary or metastatic malignant tumor occurring in the meninges, which surround the brain and spinal cord. The most common are meningiomas. - 2004
A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the dermis. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic fibroblasts.
A melanoma arising from the anus. Clinical presentation includes rectal bleeding, tenesmus, pain, and change in bowel habit. The prognosis is usually poor.
A rare, highly malignant epithelial tumor that develops from a hydatidiform mole (50%), following abortion (25%), or during normal pregnancy (22%). It is characterized by the presence of invasive and anaplastic trophoblastic tissue composed of intermediate trophoblastic cells, cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts, abundant vascularity, and secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin. Because of rapid growth and a high propensity for hemorrhage, this neoplasm often constitutes a medical emergency.
A solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma that arises from the meninges.
Meningeal Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma
A B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of small lymphocytes which surround and replace the splenic white pulp germinal centers. It involves the spleen and splenic hilar lymph nodes, bone marrow, and often the peripheral blood. When lymphoma cells are present in the peripheral blood, they are usually, but not always, characterized by the presence of short polar villi. (WHO)
Splenic Lymphoma with Circulating Villous Lymphocytes
Splenic Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma with Villous Lymphocytes
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma with Villous Lymphocytes
A T-cell peripheral neoplasm characterized by a persistent (>6 months) increase in the number of peripheral blood large granular lymphocytes, without a clearly identified cause. (WHO, 2001)
T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia
A progressive, proliferative disease of blood cells which are large and granular, originating from lymphoid cells.
A type of leukemia in which large T lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) that contain granules (small particles) are found in the blood. It is a chronic disease that may last for a long time and get worse.
LEUKEMIA, LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTIC, MALIGNANT
Large Cell Granular Lymphogenous Leukemia
T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia
Tgamma Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia
A clonal proliferation of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. This category includes plasma cell myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, plasmacytoma, monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
A malignant neoplasm composed of plasma cells.
A tumor that begins in plasma cells (white blood cells that produce antibodies). Multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and plasmacytoma are types of plasma cell tumors.
A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the breast. Representative examples include angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and extraskeletal osteosarcoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the skull base.
A low grade fibroblastic neoplasm presenting as a nodular cutaneous mass, most often on the trunk and the proximal extremities. The tumor diffusely infiltrates the dermis and the subcutaneous tissues. It is considered a locally aggressive neoplasm, which often recurs but rarely metastasizes.
A type of tumor that begins as a hard nodule and grows slowly. These tumors are usually found in the dermis (the inner layer of the two main layers of tissue that make up the skin) of the limbs or trunk of the body. They can grow into surrounding tissue but do not spread to other parts of the body. These tumors are related to giant cell fibroblastomas.
A diverse group of pregnancy-related tumors characterized by excessive proliferation of trophoblasts. Representative examples include hydatidiform mole, gestational choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor.
Any of a group of tumors that develops from trophoblastic cells (cells that help an embryo attach to the uterus and help form the placenta) after fertilization of an egg by a sperm. The two main types of gestational trophoblastic tumors are hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma.
An ependymoma, often supratentorial in location, characterized by the presence of ependymal cells with a perinuclear halo.
A malignant neoplasm arising from the choroid plexus. It shows anaplastic features and usually invades neighboring brain structures. Cerebrospinal fluid metastases are frequent. (Adapted from WHO)
A malignant neoplasm arising from the choroid plexus of the brain.
A WHO grade III neuroepithelial neoplasm composed of neoplastic, mature ganglion cells and anaplastic glial cells. The anaplastic changes in the glial component and high MIB-1 and TP53 labeling indices may indicate aggressive behavior. However, the correlation of histological anaplasia with clinical outcome is inconsistent. (Adapted from WHO)
A WHO grade II morphologic variant of meningioma characterized by the presence of clear glycogen-rich polygonal cells.
A WHO grade II meningioma characterized by the presence of brain invasion and an increased mitotic activity, or at least three of the following morphologic features: small cells, high cellularity, prominent nucleoli, lack of architectural pattern, and necrosis.
A morphologic variant of schwannoma characterized by hypercellularity, Antoni A pattern, and the absence of well-formed Verocay bodies.
A WHO grade I large cystic tumor that occurs almost exclusively in infants, with a prominent desmoplastic stroma having a neuroepithelial population of neoplastic astrocytes together with a variable neuronal component. It involves the superficial cerebral cortex and leptomeninges, and often attaches to the dura. Although clinically it presents as a large tumor, it generally has a good prognosis following surgical resection. (Adapted from WHO)
A WHO grade I large cystic tumor that occurs almost exclusively in infants. It involves the superficial cerebral cortex and leptomeninges, and often attaches to the dura.
A classification system grouping neoplasms according to their cellular characteristics.
A group of central nervous system neoplasms with a variable amount of neuronal and, less consistently, glial differentiation. They occur at a low frequency and usually carry a favorable prognosis. Representative examples include dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma, desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma, and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. (Adapted from WHO)
Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumors
A benign, intermediate, or malignant cartilaginous matrix-producing neoplasm. Representative examples include osteochondroma, chondroblastoma, and chondrosarcoma.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the structures of the eye (conjunctiva, cornea, uvea, retina), the lacrimal gland, and the eyelid. Representative examples include melanoma, carcinoma, lymphoma, and retinoblastoma.
Cancer that forms in tissues of and around the eye. Some of the cancers that may affect the eye include melanoma (a rare cancer that begins in cells that make the pigment melanin in the eye), carcinoma (cancer that begins in tissues that cover structures in the eye), lymphoma (cancer that begins in immune system cells), and retinoblastoma (cancer that begins in the retina and usually occurs in children younger than 5 years).
Abnormal malignant growth of the cells that comprise cranial nerve I. This can lead to difficulties with the sense of smell. Since taste and smell are intimately linked in terms of the enjoyment of food, a deficiency in the ability to smell can lead to decreased food intake with possible malnutrition.
Malignant Neoplasm of First Cranial Nerve
Malignant Neoplasm of the First Cranial Nerve
Malignant Neoplasm of the Olfactory Nerve
Malignant Tumor of the First Cranial Nerve
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the pituitary gland. Representative examples include functioning or non-functioning carcinomas arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, chordomas, chondrosarcomas, and metastatic carcinomas from the breast, lung, and gastrointestinal tract.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Pituitary Gland
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the kidney. Representative examples include cystic nephroma, metanephric adenoma, oncocytoma, and urothelial papilloma of the renal pelvis.
A primary, slow growing, noninvasive neoplasm of the brain. In children, astrocytomas of the cerebellum represent relatively common benign brain neoplasms. In adults meningiomas, neurilemomas and pituitary tumors comprise the majority of benign tumors.
An abnormal intracranial solid mass or growth arising within the brain without histologic features suggesting the potential to metastasize.
A low grade epithelial tumor arising from the ovary. It is characterized by an atypical proliferation of epithelial cells. There is no evidence of stromal invasion.
Borderline Ovarian Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumor
A condition in which cells that may become cancer form in the thin layer of tissue that covers an ovary (female reproductive gland in which eggs are made). In this condition, tumor cells rarely spread outside of the ovary.
Borderline Epithelial Neoplasm of the Ovary
Borderline Epithelial Tumor of the Ovary
Epithelial Neoplasm of Ovary of Borderline Malignancy
Epithelial Neoplasm of the Ovary of Borderline Malignancy
Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasm of Borderline Malignancy
Epithelial Ovarian Tumor of Borderline Malignancy
Epithelial Tumor of Ovary of Borderline Malignancy
Epithelial Tumor of the Ovary of Borderline Malignancy
Ovarian tumors of low malignant potential
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the heart and/or vessels. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include atrial myxoma, hemangioma, and lymphangioma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include pericardial malignant mesothelioma and angiosarcoma.
An invasive carcinoma of the breast showing differentiation towards cartilaginous structures.
Breast Carcinoma with Chondroid Metaplasia
Breast Carcinoma with Cartilaginous Metaplasia
An invasive breast carcinoma showing differentiation towards bone structures.
Breast Carcinoma with Osseous Metaplasia
A malignant neoplasm in which there is infiltration of the skin overlying the breast by neoplastic large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli (Paget cells). It is almost always associated with an intraductal or invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The clinical features include focal skin reddening, and eczema. Retraction of the nipple may sometimes occur.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from any part of the digestive system.
Benign Neoplasm of Gastrointestinal System
Benign Tumor of the Gastrointestinal System
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the nervous system.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Nervous System
A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the retina. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include retinocytoma and hemangioma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include retinoblastoma, lymphoma and melanoma.
A carcinoma that arises from the duodenum. The vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas.
A malignant neoplasm that affects the sweat glands.
A rare neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It occurs in the maxillofacial skeleton or the gingiva. Symptoms include swelling, pain, bleeding, mobility of affected teeth, and oral mucosa ulcerations. It may metastasize to lymph nodes and distant anatomic sites early.
A carcinoma arising from the thyroid gland. It is usually an adenocarcinoma and includes the following main subtypes: follicular, papillary, medullary, poorly differentiated, and anaplastic.
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland.
Cancer that forms in the thyroid gland (an organ at the base of the throat that makes hormones that help control heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight). Four main types of thyroid cancer are papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. The four types are based on how the cancer cells look under a microscope.
A small round cell tumor that lacks morphologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic evidence of neuroectodermal differentiation. It represents one of the two ends of the spectrum called Ewing sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor. It affects mostly males under age 20, and it can occur in soft tissue or bone. Pain and the presence of a mass are the most common clinical symptoms.
A malignant neoplasm of the bone, or the soft tissue adjacent to bone, that is comprised of primitive neuroectodermal cells.
A type of cancer that forms in bone or soft tissue.
A carcinoma arising from the squamous cells of the epidermis. Skin squamous cell carcinoma is most commonly found on sun-exposed areas. The majority of the tumors are well-differentiated.
A grade III or grade IV glioma arising from the central nervous system. This category includes glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic ependymoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma.
A malignant neuroglial neoplasm. The term can apply to several primary neoplasm of the brain and spinal cord, including astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma in addition to others.
A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral cavity. It affects predominantly adults in their fifth and sixth decades of life and is associated with alcohol and tobacco use. Human papillomavirus is present in approximately half of the cases. It is characterized by a tendency to metastasize early to the lymph nodes. When the tumor is small, patients are often asymptomatic. Physical examination may reveal erythematous or white lesions or plaques. The majority of patients present with signs and symptoms of locally advanced disease including mucosal ulceration, pain, difficulty with speaking, chewing, and swallowing, bleeding, weight loss, and neck swelling. Patients may also present with swollen neck lymph nodes without any symptoms from the oropharyngeal tumor. The most significant prognostic factors are the size of the tumor and the lymph nodes status.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity
A usually aggressive malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the bone. It usually involves the long bones and predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Pain and a palpable mass are the most frequent clinical sign and symptom. It may spread to other anatomic sites, particularly the lungs.
Carcinoma that arises from the laryngeal epithelium. More than 90% of laryngeal carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas. The remainder are adenoid cystic carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas and carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the larynx (area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and is used for breathing, swallowing, and talking). Most laryngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the larynx).
A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) neoplasm affecting the adrenal medulla. (NCI05)
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the placenta. Representative examples include hemangioma and choriocarcinoma.
A carcinoma that is not confined to the prostatic epithelium but has spread to the surrounding stroma of the prostate gland. The vast majority of invasive prostate carcinomas are adenocarcinomas.
An acute myeloid leukemia in which the majority of monocytic cells are promonocytes. (WHO, 2001)
A progressive, proliferative disease of blood cells, originating from immature monocytes.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is composed of granulosa cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, theca cells, and fibroblasts. Representative examples include thecoma, fibroma, Sertoli cell tumor, and granulosa cell tumor.
A sex cord-stromal tumor that occurs in the ovary.
One of the most common malignant tumors afflicting men. The majority of carcinomas arise in the peripheral zone and a minority occur in the central or the transitional zone of the prostate gland. Grossly, prostatic carcinomas appear as ill-defined yellow areas of discoloration in the prostate gland lobes. Adenocarcinomas represent the overwhelming majority of prostatic carcinomas. Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) serum test is widely used as a screening test for the early detection of prostatic carcinoma. Treatment options include radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, androgen ablation and cryotherapy. Watchful waiting or surveillance alone is an option for older patients with low-grade or low-stage disease. -- 2002
Cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men.
A malignant neoplasm arising exclusively from the soft tissues.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the brain stem.
A tumor in the part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord (the brain stem).
A gestational trophoblastic disorder in which there is no embryo or normal placental tissue and the chorionic villi are hydropic.
A placental disorder where the majority of the chorionic villi are hydropic.
A carcinoma arising from the breast, most commonly the terminal ductal-lobular unit. It is the most common malignant tumor in females. Risk factors include country of birth, family history, menstrual and reproductive history, fibrocystic disease and epithelial hyperplasia, exogenous estrogens, contraceptive agents, and ionizing radiation. The vast majority of breast carcinomas are adenocarcinomas (ductal or lobular). Breast carcinoma spreads by direct invasion, by the lymphatic route, and by the blood vessel route. The most common site of lymph node involvement is the axilla.
A malignant neoplasm that develops or arises in breast tissue.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare.
A disease that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.
There are more than 5,000 rare disorders that, taken together, affect approximately 20 million Americans. One in every 12 individuals in this country has received a diagnosis of a rare disease.
A primary or metastatic neoplasm that affects the cerebral hemispheres.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the male or female genital system. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include infection, testicular torsion, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include germ cell tumors, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A carcinoma originating in the lung. Lung carcinomas usually arise from the epithelium that lines the bronchial tree (bronchogenic carcinomas), and are classified as small cell or non-small cell carcinomas. Non-small cell lung carcinomas are usually adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, or large cell carcinomas. Metastatic carcinomas to the lung are also common, and can be difficult to distinguish from primary tumors.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining air passages. The two main types are small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These types are diagnosed based on how the cells look under a microscope.
A neoplasm that arises from the bone or articular cartilage and does not invade adjacent tissues or metastasize to other anatomic sites.
A benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscle tissue.
A malignant neoplasm affecting the skeletal or smooth muscles. Malignant neoplasms arising from the skeletal muscles are called rhabdomyosarcomas. Malignant neoplasms arising from the smooth muscles are called leiomyosarcomas.
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma or rarely Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the spleen.
A high-grade malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the notochord. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, the presence of physaliphorous cells, and a sarcomatous component.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving any part of the digestive system.
Malignant Gastrointestinal System Neoplasm
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the organs that comprise the urinary system. Representative examples include renal oncocytoma, bladder inverted papilloma, and urothelial papilloma.
A well-circumscribed rare morphologic variant of fibrosarcoma, that arises from the soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of nests of malignant epithelioid fibroblasts and sclerotic collagen stroma formation.
A malignant neoplasm originating from the surface ovarian epithelium. It accounts for the greatest number of deaths from malignancies of the female genital tract and is the fifth leading cause of cancer fatalities in women. It is predominantly a disease of older white women of northern European extraction, but it is seen in all ages and ethnic groups. Adenocarcinomas constitute the vast majority of ovarian carcinomas. The pattern of metastatic spread in ovarian carcinoma is similar regardless of the microscopic type. The most common sites of involvement are the contralateral ovary, peritoneal cavity, para-aortic and pelvic lymph nodes, and liver. Lung and pleura are the most common sites of extra-abdominal spread. The primary form of therapy is surgical. The overall prognosis of ovarian carcinoma remains poor, a direct result of its rapid growth rate and the lack of early symptoms. --2002
Cancer that occurs in the cells lining the ovaries.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the colon and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the colon (the longest part of the large intestine). Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).
A malignant epithelial tumor of the stomach mucosa. The vast majority of gastric carcinomas are adenocarcinomas, arising from the gastric glandular epithelium.
Cancer that forms in tissues lining the stomach.
A carcinoma arising from the bladder epithelium. Approximately 90% of the bladder carcinomas are transitional cell carcinomas. The remainder are squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the bladder (the organ that stores urine). Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder). Other types include squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids). The cells that form squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma develop in the inner lining of the bladder as a result of chronic irritation and inflammation.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the female reproductive system. Representative examples include endometrial carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, uterine corpus leiomyosarcoma, adenosarcoma, malignant mixed mesodermal (mullerian) tumor, and gestational choriocarcinoma.
Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm
Cancer of the female reproductive tract, including the cervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, and vagina.
Malignant Female Reproductive System Tumor
Malignant Neoplasm of Female Reproductive System
Malignant Neoplasm of the Female Reproductive System
Malignant Tumor of Female Reproductive System
Malignant Tumor of the Female Reproductive System
A carcinoma that arises from the skin. Representative examples are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
Skin cancer that arises in basal cells or squamous cells but not in melanocytes (pigment-producing cells of the skin).
An aggressive malignant embryonal neoplasm arising from the central nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of multilayered rosettes formation and the presence of amplification of the C19MC region on chromosome 19 (19q13.42).
Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes, C19MC-Altered
Embryonal Tumor with Abundant Neuropil and True Rosettes
Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes
Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes with C19MC Amplification
A highly aggressive subtype of lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant small cells and necrosis. Metastatic disease is usually present at the time of diagnosis.
An aggressive (fast-growing) cancer that forms in tissues of the lung and can spread to other parts of the body. The cancer cells look small and oval-shaped when looked at under a microscope.
Lung Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Lung
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung
A gonadal or extragonadal malignant neoplasm that arises from germ cells. Representative examples include embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and seminoma.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the female reproductive system. Representative examples include uterine corpus leiomyoma, endocervical polyp, and benign ovarian germ cell tumor.
Benign Female Reproductive System Neoplasm
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the anatomic structures of the neck region.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that occurs in sella turcica. Representative examples include craniopharyngioma and pituitary gland adenoma.
A follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland, characterized by the presence of large cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei with prominent, eosinophilic nucleoli. The nuclear features that characterize the papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland are absent.
Thyroid Gland Oncocytic Follicular Carcinoma
Hurthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from or metastasizes to structures within the cranium. This includes meningeal and other tumors that occur in the spaces that surround the brain, and neoplasms of the brain.
Intracranial Central Nervous System Neoplasm
Intracranial Central Nervous System Tumor
A medulloblastoma characterized by the presence of nodular, collagenous areas which do not contain reticulin, surrounded by hypercellular areas which contain an intercellular reticulin fiber network.
Malignant growth of cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)or Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), without specification as to location
Malignant Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasm
Malignant Neoplasm of Peripheral Nervous System
Malignant Neoplasm of the Peripheral Nerve
Malignant Neoplasm of the Peripheral Nervous System
Malignant Peripheral Nervous System Tumor
Malignant Tumor of Peripheral Nervous System
Malignant Tumor of the Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms, Malignant
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the thymus. This category includes malignant thymomas, thymic lymphomas, primary thymic carcinomas, and metastatic carcinomas from other anatomic sites.
A primary, noninvasive, slow growing neoplasm of the brain that occurs above the cerebellar tentorium. Representative examples include craniopharyngioma, meningioma and pituitary adenoma.
Malignant neoplasms which arise or occur within the intracranial cavity below the tentorium cerebelli. This includes neoplasms within the brain and/or surrounding spaces.
A malignant neoplasm that arises from a pre-existing lower grade lesion, or as a result of a primary lesion that has spread to secondary sites, or due to a complication of a cancer treatment.
A term that is used to describe either a new primary cancer or cancer that has spread from the place in which it started to other parts of the body.
The development of a malignant neoplasm in response to medical or surgical treatment, induced by the treatment itself.
A disorder characterized by development of a malignancy most probably as a result of treatment for a previously existing malignancy.
A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the perineural cells in the sheaths surrounding the nerves. Representative examples include neurofibroma, schwannoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon or rectum. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Large Intestine
A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm involving the ovary.
A classification of testicular cancers that arise in specialized sex cells called germ cells. Nonseminomas include embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, and yolk sac tumor.
Malignant Testicular Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor
Malignant Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Cancer of Testis
Malignant Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Cancer of the Testis
Malignant Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Neoplasm of Testis
Malignant Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Neoplasm of the Testis
Malignant Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor of Testis
Malignant Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor of the Testis
Malignant Testicular Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Neoplasm
Testicular Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Cancer
Testicular Non-Seminomatous Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm
Testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumor, NOS
A usually slow growing, subcutaneous nodular neoplasm arising from myopericytes. It is composed of myoid cells arranged in a perivascular growth pattern. The vast majority of cases have a benign clinical course.
The most common type of colorectal carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells invading through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma.
Colorectal (Colon or Rectal) Adenocarcinoma
Benign and malignant neoplasms which arise from or directly involve the central or peripheral elements of the autonomic nervous system.
Neoplasm of the Autonomic Nervous System
Benign and malignant neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the olfactory or first cranial nerve. Clinical features may include facial pain and impairments of taste or smell.
An adenoid cystic carcinoma primarily involving the breast. Three morphologic patterns are seen: cribriform, trabecular, and solid. The prognosis is excellent.
A benign or malignant neoplasm of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges occurring in children. Representative examples include posterior fossa astrocytoma, optic pathway glioma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and craniopharyngioma.
Childhood Central Nervous System Neoplasm
A primary, benign or malignant neoplasm of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges occurring in children.
Childhood Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Childhood Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Childhood Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Childhood Tumor of Central Nervous System
Childhood Tumor of the Central Nervous System
Pediatric Central Nervous System Neoplasm
Pediatric Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Pediatric Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Pediatric Tumor of Central Nervous System
Pediatric Tumor of the Central Nervous System
A breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of a lobular and a ductal component. The ductal component comprises less than 50 percent of the tumor.
Mixed Lobular and Ductal Breast Carcinoma
Mixed Ductal and Lobular Breast Carcinoma
Mixed Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma of Breast
Mixed Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast
Mixed Lobular and Ductal Carcinoma of Breast
Mixed Lobular and Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
A group of invasive breast carcinomas characterized by the presence of an adenocarcinomatous component which is admixed with a dominant component that is composed of squamous cells, spindle cells, or mesenchymal cells.
An invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with signet ring appearance.
Primary Mammary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
Primary Signet Ring Cell Breast Carcinoma
Primary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of Breast
Primary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Breast
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Breast
A rare carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is entirely composed of squamous cells.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Breast
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast
A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the breast.
A usually unilateral, benign and well circumscribed biphasic neoplasm that arises from the breast. It usually affects middle-aged women. It is characterized by the presence of a double layer of epithelial cells that are arranged in clefts, surrounded by a cellular, monomorphic spindle cell mesenchymal component. Mitoses are rare. Necrotic changes may be present in large tumors.
A benign or malignant papillary neoplasm that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial proliferations that are supported by fibrovascular cores. Representative examples are intraductal papilloma and papillary carcinoma.
A benign or malignant vascular neoplasm that arises from the breast.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises in the area of the nipple.
A malignant neoplasm that affects the area of the nipple.
The most common histologic type of breast carcinoma. Representative examples include invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified, ductal carcinoma in situ, inflammatory carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, and lobular carcinoma in situ.
A biphasic neoplasm that arises from the ovary or the testis. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic germ cells and neoplastic sex cord-stromal cells. It includes the gonadoblastoma and mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor, unclassifiable.
A biphasic tumor that arises from the ovary or the testis. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic germ cells and neoplastic sex cord-stromal cells; examples include the gonadoblastoma and mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor, unclassifiable.
Mixed Germ Cell-Sex Cord-Stromal Neoplasm
A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the ovary characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin and may resemble the epithelial cells of the endocervix or gastrointestinal tract.
A variant of gastric adenocarcinoma with more than half of the tumor containing extracellular mucinous pools.
A poorly cohesive gastric adenocarcinoma characterized by malignant cells containing intracytoplasmic mucin.
Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma of Stomach
Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach
A phyllodes tumor of the breast characterized by the presence of intermediate features and a stroma which usually resembles low grade fibrosarcoma.
Borderline Phyllodes Neoplasm of the Breast
Borderline Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast
Low Grade Malignant Breast Phyllodes Tumor
A morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma arising from the bone. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small round cells, biphasic growth pattern, and well differentiated hyaline cartilage. Clinical presentation includes pain and swelling. The clinical course is aggressive, with local recurrences and distant metastases.
Any disorder other than abnormal tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation.
Any disorder other than abnormal tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation. (NCI)
Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category
Non-Neoplastic Disease by Special Category
A malignant neoplasm arising from the large blood vessels. It is characterized by the presence of tumor cells that grow within the lumen of the blood vessels. The intraluminal tumor growth may result in vascular obstruction and spread of tumor emboli to peripheral organs. The prognosis is usually poor.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the connective and soft tissue. Representative examples include lipoma, leiomyoma, fibroma, and osteoma.
Benign Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasm
A benign neoplasm arising from connective and soft tissues that does not invade adjacent tissues or metastasize to other anatomic sites.
Benign Neoplasm of the Soft Tissue and Bone
Benign Tumor of the Soft Tissue and Bone
CONNECTIVE AND SOFT TISSUE NEOPLASM, BENIGN
A choroid plexus papilloma characterized by increased mitotic activity.
An osteosarcoma arising from a pre-existing lesion of the bone, usually Paget disease, or due to radiation therapy.
A usually aggressive malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the bone. It may arise de novo or from a pre-existing lesion of the bone. Pain and a palpable mass are the most frequent clinical sign and symptom. It may spread to other anatomic sites, particularly the lungs.
A conventional osteosarcoma characterized by the predominance of osteoid matrix.
A usually aggressive high grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the surface of the bone.
A very rare, multisystem non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that predominantly affects adults. It is characterized by the proliferation in the tissues of lipid-laden macrophages and the presence of multinucleated giant cells. It results in sclerosis of the long bones and failure of the affected organs. Patients may present with bone pain, exophthalmos, ataxia, liver failure, kidney failure, and hypopituitarism.
An infiltrating high grade mesenchymal tumor arising from the uterine corpus, cervix, vagina, and the ovary.
A medulloblastoma characterized by nodularity and neuronal differentiation.
Medulloblastoma with Extensive Nodularity
Medulloblastoma with Extensive Nodularity and Advanced Neuronal Differentiation
A germ cell tumor that affects the central nervous system, characterized by the presence of malignant morphologic characteristics. Representative examples include choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, and germinoma.
Malignant Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor
Malignant Central Nervous System Germ Cell Neoplasm
A squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, scant amount of cytoplasm, and peripheral nuclear palisading.
A squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract characterized by a plexiform or ribbon-like growth pattern, cytological atypia, and lack of histological evidence of keratinization.
Non-Keratinizing Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A carcinoma arising from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Carcinoma
Cancer that forms in tissues of the paranasal sinuses (small hollow spaces in the bones around the nose) or nasal cavity (the inside of the nose). The most common type of paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in flat cells lining these tissues and cavities).
A rare, highly aggressive carcinoma that arises from the sinonasal tract. It is characterized by the presence of small to medium size malignant cells. The prognosis is poor.
A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It more often affects older females and more frequently occurs in the mandible. It is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm and a fibrotic stroma formation. It may recur and metastasize. Metastases may occur in the lymph nodes, lungs, and bones. Treatment of choice is resection with clean margins.
A neuroblastoma arising from an anatomic site other than the brain.
A mature or immature teratoma that affects the central nervous system.
A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm originating in the central nervous system or the meninges and showing fibrous, fibrohistiocytic, adipose, myoid, endothelial, chondroid or osseous, but not meningothelial differentiation. Depending on the histological features and clinical behavior of these neoplasms, their grade ranges from benign (WHO grade I) to highly malignant (WHO grade IV). (Adapted from WHO)
Central Nervous System Mesenchymal, Non-Meningothelial Neoplasm
Central Nervous System Mesenchymal, Non-Meningothelial Tumor
Central Nervous System Soft Tissue Neoplasm
Central Nervous System Soft Tissue Tumor
Mesenchymal Non-Meningothelial Tumor of the Central Nervous System
Mesenchymal, Non-Meningothelial Tumor of CNS
Mesenchymal, Non-Meningothelial Tumor of Central Nervous System
Mesenchymal, Non-Meningothelial Tumor of the CNS
Soft Tissue Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Soft Tissue Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Soft Tissue Tumor of Central Nervous System
Soft Tissue Tumor of the Central Nervous System
A unique group of rare tumors of the central nervous system that affect mainly children and adolescents. Their morphologic and biologic profile corresponds to that of homologous germ cell tumors that arise in the gonads and in other extragonadal sites. Representative examples include: germinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma.
Central Nervous System Germ Cell Neoplasm
Germ Cell Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Germ Cell Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Germ Cell Tumor of Central Nervous System
Germ Cell Tumor of the Central Nervous System
A broad classification for disorders in which the development of neoplasms typically occur in association with a characteristic set of signs or symptoms. These disorders may be inherited or acquired.
A variant of gastric adenocarcinoma with exophytic growth and elongated finger-like processes lined by cylindrical or cuboidal cells supported by fibrovascular connective tissue cores.
A variant of gastric adenocarcinoma characterized by prominent dilated or slit-like tubules.
A carcinoma that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with glandular and squamous differentiation.
A carcinoma that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the absence of microscopic features of glandular or squamous differentiation.
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Stomach
Undifferentiated Gastric (Stomach) Cancer
A primary or metastatic neoplasm of hematopoietic origin that affects the brain, meninges, or spinal cord. Representative examples include Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, histiocytic tumors, and leukemias.
Central Nervous System Hematopoietic Neoplasm
Central Nervous System Hematopoietic Neoplasms
Central Nervous System Hematopoietic Tumor
Hematopoietic Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Hematopoietic Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Hematopoietic Tumor of Central Nervous System
Hematopoietic Tumor of the Central Nervous System
Lymphomas and Hemopoietic Neoplasms of CNS
Lymphomas and Hemopoietic Neoplasms of the CNS
A primary tumor of the central nervous system that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes. It may present as a diffuse proliferative leptomeningeal process (often as a component of the neurocutaneous melanosis complex) or as a distinct mass lesion.
Central Nervous System Melanocytic Neoplasm
Central Nervous System Melanocytic Neoplasms
Central Nervous System Melanocytic Tumor
Melanocytic Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Melanocytic Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Melanocytic Tumor of Central Nervous System
Melanocytic Tumor of the Central Nervous System
A melanoma that affects the central nervous system. It is characterized by pleomorphism, melanin pigmentation, a high mitotic rate, necrosis, and hemorrhage. It is a highly aggressive and radioresistant tumor. The prognosis is usually poor.
An invasive prostate carcinoma characterized by the presence of squamous differentiation of the malignant cellular infiltrate. There is no evidence of glandular differentiation.
A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the prostate gland. This category includes carcinoid tumors and small cell carcinomas.
A carcinoma with eccrine differentiation arising from the sweat glands. It may arise de novo or as a malignant transformation of a pre-existing poroma. It usually grows in the legs, buttocks, feet, and trunk and usually presents as an ulcerative plaque. It is characterized by the presence of intraepidermal and dermal nests of malignant epithelial cells. It may recur after excision and metastasize to the lymph nodes and less frequently to distal anatomic sites.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the central nervous system during childhood.
Benign Childhood Central Nervous System Neoplasm
Benign Childhood Central Nervous System Tumor
Benign Childhood Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Benign Childhood Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Benign Childhood Tumor of Central Nervous System
Benign Childhood Tumor of the Central Nervous System
Benign Pediatric Central Nervous System Neoplasm
Benign Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumor
Benign Pediatric Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Benign Pediatric Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Benign Pediatric Tumor of Central Nervous System
Benign Pediatric Tumor of the Central Nervous System
Childhood Benign Central Nervous System Neoplasms
A rare, slow-growing neuroepithelial neoplasm of uncertain origin affecting adults. It is located in the third ventricle. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells which express GFAP, and mucinous stroma which contains lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates.
Chordoid Glioma of the Third Ventricle (WHO Grade II)
An adenocarcinoma arising in the anal canal epithelium, including the mucosal surface, the anal glands, and the lining of fistulous tracts. The prognosis is related to the stage at diagnosis.
An anal adenocarcinoma arising from the epithelium of the anal glands. The overlying anal mucosa does not show evidence of neoplastic changes.
A rare usually indolent lung carcinoma characterized by a cribiform and tubular pattern and the presence of glandular epithelial cells. Clinical symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, wheeze, hemopytsis and chest pain.
A malignant neoplasm affecting the lungs and/or the pleura. Pleuropulmonary blastoma is seen in children. Microscopically, the tumor may show features of chondrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma. In approximately 25% of patients with pleuropulmonary blastoma, there are other lesions or neoplasms that may affect patients or their families, including lung or kidney cysts, and ovarian or testicular neoplasms. Heterozygous germline mutations in DICER1 gene have been identified in families harboring pleuropulmonary blastomas.
A malignant neoplasm affecting the lungs and/or the pleura. Pleuropulmonary blastoma is seen in children. Microscopically, the tumor may show features of chondrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma. In approximately 25% of patients there is a predisposition for other tumors. Heterozygous germline mutations in DICER1 gene have been identified in families harboring pleuropulmonary blastomas.
A rare and very aggressive (fast-growing) cancer that forms in tissues of the lung and pleura (a thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity). Pleuropulmonary blastoma is most common in children.
A low, intermediate, or high grade malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the lung. This category includes typical carcinoid tumor, atypical carcinoid tumor, small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and combined carcinoma.
A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Intestine
A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).
A melanoma affecting the esophageal wall. Melanoma in the esophagus is more commonly metastatic than primary. Primary melanomas of the esophagus are polypoid and clinically aggressive. (WHO, 2000)
A benign, non-metastasizing cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. It is composed of glycogen-rich epithelial cells which produce a watery fluid. Signs and symptoms include abdominal mass, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.
A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas showing both ductal and squamous differentiation. The squamous component should represent at least 30% of the malignant cellular infiltrate. The prognosis is usually worse than that of ductal adenocarcinoma.
Pancreatic Mixed Squamous and Adenocarcinoma
A carcinoma with poor prognosis that arises from the pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of a significant malignant component that does not show differentiation. The malignant cells represent a mixture of large, pleomorphic cells and giant cells, or adenocarcinoma cells and spindle cells, or spindle cells.
Pleomorphic Large Cell Pancreatic Carcinoma
Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Pancreatic Carcinoma
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Pancreas
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the brain during childhood.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the supratentorial region of the brain during childhood.
Benign Childhood Supratentorial Neoplasm
Benign Pediatric Supratentorial Neoplasm
Childhood Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms
A neoplasm that affects the infratentorial region of the brain and occurs during childhood.
An aggressive, high grade adenocarcinoma that arises from the salivary glands. It usually affects elderly males and presents as a rapidly enlarging mass. It metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and distant anatomic sites.
A rare benign epithelial neoplasm composed of oncocytes, which are large cells with a large amount of granular eosinophilic cytoplasm containing numerous tightly-packed mitochondria. Approximately 85% to 90% occur in the parotid gland; most of the remainder occur in the submandibular gland. The peak incidence is in the seventh through ninth decades of life. In almost all cases, swelling is the only complaint of the patient. -- 2003
A neoplasm that affects the supratentorial region of the brain and occurs during childhood.
A neoplasm that affects the brain stem and occurs during childhood.
An adenocarcinoma arising from the thyroid gland showing only limited evidence of follicular cell differentiation. Microscopically, the adenocarcinoma cells are arranged in insular, solid, and trabecular patterns. There is associated necrosis, and vascular invasion. The prognosis depends on the tumor stage, complete or partial surgical removal of the tumor, and the degree of response to radioactive iodine therapy (adapted from WHO Tumors of Endocrine Organs, IARC Press, Lyon 2004)
Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Gland Cancer
Thyroid Gland Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma
A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of sheets of malignant epithelial cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. It usually has a favorable prognosis.
A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).
A carcinoma that arises from the anatomic structures of the neck region.
A tumor of the brain or spinal cord showing astrocytic differentiation. It includes the following clinicopathological entities: pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.
A malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system that arises from astrocytes.
A tumor that begins in the brain or spinal cord in small, star-shaped cells called astrocytes.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the choroid, ciliary body, or iris.
A malignant neoplasm arising from the uterine corpus. This category includes endometrial carcinoma and carcinosarcoma.
A well differentiated, moderately differentiated, or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the male or female urethra.
An adenocarcinoma that arises from the male or female urethra.
A multinodular intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the bladder. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.
Bladder Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Bladder Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Neoplasm
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Neoplasm of Bladder
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Neoplasm of Urinary Bladder
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Neoplasm of the Bladder
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Neoplasm of the Urinary Bladder
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of Bladder
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of Urinary Bladder
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Bladder
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Urinary Bladder
Urinary Bladder Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Neoplasm
Urinary Bladder Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Also known as collecting duct carcinoma, this is a rare type of renal carcinoma. It arises from the collecting ducts of the renal medulla, and most authors suggest that this is an aggressive tumor.
Carcinoma of the Collecting Ducts of Bellini
A rare type of kidney cancer that grows and spreads quickly. It begins in the duct of Bellini in the kidney.
Carcinoma of Collecting Ducts of Bellini
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the cerebral hemispheres during childhood.
Benign Childhood Cerebral Hemispheric Neoplasm
Benign Childhood Cerebral Hemispheric Tumor
Benign Childhood Neoplasm of Cerebral Hemispheres
Benign Childhood Neoplasm of the Cerebral Hemispheres
Benign Childhood Neoplasm of the Cerebrum
Benign Childhood Tumor of Cerebral Hemispheres
Benign Childhood Tumor of the Cerebral Hemispheres
Benign Pediatric Cerebral Hemispheric Neoplasm
Benign Pediatric Cerebral Hemispheric Tumor
Benign Pediatric Neoplasm of Cerebral Hemispheres
Benign Pediatric Neoplasm of the Cerebral Hemispheres
Benign Pediatric Neoplasm of the Cerebrum
Benign Pediatric Tumor of Cerebral Hemispheres
Benign Pediatric Tumor of the Cerebral Hemispheres
A malignant tumor arising in the epithelial cells of the brain or spinal cord.
Primary Central Nervous System Carcinoma
A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the ovary characterized by the presence of glands and/or cysts lined by neoplastic cells that resemble endometrial cells.
A benign or malignant neoplasm arising during childhood.
A primary endometrial adenocarcinoma composed of neoplastic cells that form complex glandular patterns associated with budding and branching of the neoplastic glands. The neoplastic glands resemble those of the normal endometrium and may or may not be associated with sheet-like proliferation of malignant cells. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most commonly seen morphologic variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of Endometrium
Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium
Endometrioid Carcinoma of the Endometrium
Uterine Corpus Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the uterine corpus. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include leiomyoma, adenomyoma, endometrial stromal nodule, and endometrial polyp. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include endometrial carcinoma, adenosarcoma, carcinosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.
A primary malignant neoplasm of the uterine corpus characterized by the presence of an epithelial and a mesenchymal component. This category includes carcinosarcoma, carcinofibroma, and adenosarcoma.
Malignant Uterine Corpus Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Neoplasm
Malignant Mixed Neoplasm of Body of Uterus
Malignant Mixed Neoplasm of Corpus Uteri
Malignant Mixed Neoplasm of Uterine Body
Malignant Mixed Neoplasm of Uterine Corpus
Malignant Mixed Neoplasm of the Body of Uterus
Malignant Mixed Neoplasm of the Corpus Uteri
Malignant Mixed Neoplasm of the Uterine Body
Malignant Mixed Neoplasm of the Uterine Corpus
Malignant Mixed Tumor of the Body of Uterus
Malignant Mixed Tumor of the Corpus Uteri
Malignant Mixed Tumor of the Uterine Body
Malignant Mixed Tumor of the Uterine Corpus
A primary polypoid malignant neoplasm of the uterine corpus characterized by the presence of a sarcomatous mesenchymal component and a benign epithelial component. Patients usually present with abnormal vaginal bleeding. It is considered a low grade malignant neoplasm and may recur following resection.
A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the wall of the uterine corpus (uterine body). The most representative examples are leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma.
A rare type of uterine cancer that forms in muscle or other tissues of the uterus (the small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis in which a fetus develops). It usually occurs after menopause. The two main types are leiomyosarcoma (cancer that begins in smooth muscle cells) and endometrial stromal sarcoma (cancer that begins in connective tissue cells).
An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the uterine corpus. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.
A malignant germ cell neoplasm arising from the testis. It is composed of primitive epithelial cells arranged in solid, papillary, and glandular configurations. Most patients present with a testicular mass, which may be associated with pain. More than half of the patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis. The form of treatment following radical orchiectomy is stage dependent.
A rare morphologic variant of cervical adenocarcinoma composed of clear and hobnail cells. It is associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES).
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of Cervix Uteri
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of Uterine Cervix
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Uterine Cervix Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
A carcinoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the lack of specific cellular differentiation.
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Cervix Uteri
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Cervix
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Undifferentiated Uterine Cervix Carcinoma
A rare carcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of cystic spaces surrounded by palisaded epithelial cells. The cystic spaces contain eosinophilic hyaline material or mucin. Nuclear pleomorphism, necrotic changes, and a high mitotic rate are also present.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Cervix Uteri
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of more than one histologic component. Representative examples include mixed choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma, mixed embryonal carcinoma and seminoma, and mixed yolk sac tumor and teratoma.
A rare yolk sac tumor that arises from the vagina.Patients present with abnormal vaginal bleeding or bloody discharge.
A carcinoid tumor that arises from the lung, thymus, esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.
An epithelial neoplasm that affects the thymus gland. This category includes thymomas and carcinomas.
A lymphoma that arises from the thymus. Representative examples include mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.
A low grade osteosarcoma arising from the medullary portion of the bone. It affects the long bones and is characterized by the presence of fibroblastic stroma and osteoid production. Pain and swelling are the usual sign and symptom. The prognosis is more favorable than conventional osteosarcoma.
Intraosseous Well-Differentiated Osteogenic Sarcoma
Intraosseous Well-Differentiated Osteosarcoma
An aggressive morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma. It is composed of a low grade chondrosarcoma and a high grade non-cartilagenous sarcomatous component. Due to the aggressive nature of the disease, its prognosis is poor.
A multinodular intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm that arises from soft tissue or viscera, in children and young adults. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.
A benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of fibrohistiocytic cells, spindle fibroblastic cells, and histiocytes, in a storiform pattern.
A malignant fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped cells, cellular pleomorphism, thin-walled blood vessels, fibrous septa, and myxoid stroma.
A benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from smooth muscle tissue.
A malignant neoplasm arising from smooth muscle.
A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the absence of neoplastic small epithelial cells. A representative example is the lung non-small cell carcinoma.
A malignant neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Skeletal Muscle
An uncommon variant of rhabdomyosarcoma characterized by the presence of whorls of spindle cells forming a storiform pattern. In children it usually arises in the paratesticular region. In adults it usually arises from the deep soft tissues in the head and neck.
An uncommon variant of rhabdomyosarcoma that is characterized by the presence of whorls of spindle cells forming a storiform pattern. In children, it usually arises in the paratesticular region; in adults it usually arises from the deep soft tissues in the head and neck.
An infiltrating adenocarcinoma in which the malignant cells form tubular structures. Representative examples include the tubular breast carcinoma and the gastric tubular adenocarcinoma.
A malignant glandular neoplasm exhibiting tubular structures.
A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the perivascular cells of the connective and soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of pericytes that grow in a circumferential pattern around vessels.
A benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the perivascular cells of the connective and soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of pericytes that grow in a circumferential pattern around vessels.
A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the perivascular cells of the connective and soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of pericytes that grow in a circumferential pattern around vessels, and cytologic atypia.
A benign soft tissue neoplasm characterized by the presence of spindle and stellate cells, lobulated growth pattern, and myxoid stroma formation.
A benign soft tissue neoplasm with a myxoid stroma formation.
A rare soft tissue tumor of uncertain lineage characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle to round cells forming cords in a fibromyxoid stroma. The lesions are associated with the formation of metaplastic bone. Most patients present with painless subcutaneous masses. Recurrences have been reported in a minority of patients.
A benign soft tissue tumor in which the line of differentiation is uncertain.
Benign Soft Tissue Tumor of Uncertain Differentiation
Benign Soft Tissue Neoplasm of Uncertain Differentiation
A malignant soft tissue tumor in which the line of differentiation is uncertain.
Malignant Soft Tissue Tumor of Uncertain Differentiation
Malignant Soft Tissue Neoplasm of Uncertain Differentiation
A benign, intermediate, or malignant bone-forming neoplasm. Representative examples include osteoma, osteoblastoma, and osteosarcoma.
A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.
A lymphoma that arises from the mediastinum. Representative examples include mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.
An invasive carcinoma with glandular differentiation arising from the ampulla of Vater. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.
Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Ampullary Region
A soft tissue tumor of uncertain lineage characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle-shaped to round cells in a fibromyxoid stroma. Metaplastic bone formation may or may not be present.
A benign soft-tissue neoplasm of uncertain lineage, characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle-shaped to round cells and a fibromyxoid stroma.
A rare malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis and less often from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of embryoid bodies which resemble early embryos.
A rare, benign (olfactory neurocytoma) or malignant (olfactory neuroblastoma) neuroectodermal tumor originating from olfactory receptor cells in the nasal cavity.
A central nervous system neoplasm arising from the fourth ventricle. It is characterized by the presence of neurocytes forming pseudorosettes and astrocytes which contain Rosenthal fibers. Cytologic atypia is minimal.
Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor of the Fourth Ventricle
An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.
Gastric Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
A neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate gland with unfavorable prognosis, composed of small cells containing neurosecretory granules. Approximately half of the cases show a mixture of small cells and adenocarcinoma cells.
Prostate Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
A group of neoplasms which arise from the ependymal lining of the cerebral ventricles and from the remnants of the central canal of the spinal cord. Ependymal tumors occur predominantly in children and young adults with varied morphological features and biological behavior. There are 4 types: ependymoma, anaplastic ependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma and subependymoma. (WHO)
A type of brain tumor that usually begins in the central canal of the spinal cord. Ependymal tumors may also develop in the cells lining the ventricles of the brain, which produce and store the special fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) that protects the brain and spinal cord.
A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of stromal cells. Representative examples include gastrointestinal stromal tumor, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and prostate stromal sarcoma.
A tumor that arises in the supporting connective tissue of an organ.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that contains a single or multiple cystic spaces. Examples include cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, and serous cystadenocarcinoma.
A solitary, slowly growing, nodular mass, most often affecting the extremities. It is composed of fibrous and histiocytic cells which infiltrate the dermis and occasionally the underlying subcutaneous tissue. Usually local excision is curative. Recurrences are reported only in a small minority of cases.
A lymphoma that arises from the testis and is not associated with lymphoma in another anatomic site.
A rare, circumscribed or encapsulated tumor arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It is characterized by a trabecular growth pattern and hyalinized stroma formation. The vast majority of cases have a benign clinical course.
Thyroid Gland Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor
Hyalinizing Trabecular Adenoma of Thyroid
Hyalinizing Trabecular Adenoma of the Thyroid
A rare, keratinizing or non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma arising from the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity or the paranasal sinuses. It affects most often the maxillary sinus. Less frequently, it arises from the nasal cavity, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, and frontal sinus. Symptoms include nasal fullness, epistaxis, rhinorhea, pain, and paresthesia. Patients with nasal squamous cell carcinoma usually present earlier than patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma and have a better prognosis compared to the latter group.
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Squamous Cell Cancer
A well circumscribed, low grade neoplasm that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of sheets of malignant epithelial cells that are supported by fibrovascular structures. When there is an invasive component present, it is usually a mucinous carcinoma.
A usually aggressive carcinoma composed of large malignant cells which display neuroendocrine characteristics. It is characterized by the presence of high mitotic activity and necrotic changes. The vast majority of cases are positive for neuron-specific enolase. Representative examples include lung, breast, cervical, and thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas.
A large cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of rhabdoid cells.
Large Cell Lung Carcinoma with Rhabdoid Phenotype
Large Cell Carcinoma with Rhabdoid Phenotype
A high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in which there is marked architectural distortion and crowding of the glands, associated with severe cellular atypia. The neoplastic cells display pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei.
Grade III Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia
A usually benign tumor arising from the breast. It is characterized by the proliferation of cells with myoepithelial differentiation around spaces which are lined by epithelial cells. Rarely, the epithelial and/or myoepithelial cells may undergo malignant transformation. Cases with malignant transformation may follow an aggressive clinical course, including recurrences and local and distant metastases.
A gestational trophoblastic tumor characterized by the presence of a monomorphous cellular population of intermediate trophoblastic cells infiltrating in a nodular pattern.
A medulloblastoma composed of large cells with prominent nucleoli and a larger amount of cytoplasm in contrast with the cells of the classic medulloblastoma.
A rare, WHO grade II cerebellar neoplasm which shows consistent neuronal, variable astrocytic and focal lipomatous differentiation. It occurs in adults, has a low proliferative potential and usually has a favorable prognosis. (Adapted from WHO)
Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma (WHO Grade II)
An aggressive malignant embryonal neoplasm arising from the central nervous system. It is composed of cells with a large eccentric nucleus, prominent nucleolus, and abundant cytoplasm. Mutations of the INI1 gene or very rarely SMARCA4 (BRG1) gene are present. The vast majority of cases occur in childhood. Symptoms include lethargy, vomiting, cranial nerve palsy, headache, and hemiplegia.
An aggressive cancer of the central nervous system, kidney, or liver that occurs in very young children.
Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (WHO Grade IV)
Central Nervous System Rhabdoid Neoplasm
Malignant Rhabdoid Neoplasm of the Brain
Primary Malignant Brain Rhabdoid Neoplasm
Primary Malignant Rhabdoid Neoplasm of Brain
Primary Malignant Rhabdoid Neoplasm of the Brain
Primary Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of Brain
Primary Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of the Brain
Rhabdoid Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Rhabdoid Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Rhabdoid Tumor of Central Nervous System
Rhabdoid Tumor of the Central Nervous System
A WHO grade II, usually recurring meningioma characterized by the predominance of tissues that are histologically similar to chordoma.
A WHO grade III meningioma characterized by the predominant presence of rhabdoid cells forming sheets.
A large B-cell lymphoma usually presenting as a serous effusion without detectable tumor masses. It is universally associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8), also called Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. It mostly occurs in the setting of immunodeficiency. The most common sites of involvement are the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. Rare HHV8-positive lymphomas indistinguishable from primary effusion lymphomas (PEL) present as solid tumor masses, and have been termed extracavitary PEL. The prognosis is extremely unfavorable. (WHO 2017)
A rare, aggressive (fast-growing) type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma marked by an abnormal build-up of fluids in a body cavity. It usually occurs together with a human herpesvirus in people who have weakened immune systems, such as in AIDS.
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of atypical mesenchymal-stromal cells. Representative examples include endometrial stromal sarcoma and prostate stromal sarcoma.
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of atypical mesenchymal-stromal cells.
A neoplasm composed of at least two distinct cellular populations.
A well differentiated, slow growing neuroepithelial neoplasm composed of neoplastic, mature ganglion cells.
A locally infiltrating, non-metastasizing angiomyxoma arising from the pelviperineal region. It may recur following resection
A carcinoma arising from the sweat glands. Representative examples include tubular carcinoma, spiradenocarcinoma, eccrine carcinoma, hidradenocarcinoma, and apocrine carcinoma.
A malignant neoplasm arising from sweat glands.
A glial tumor of the brain or spinal cord showing astrocytic differentiation. It includes the following clinicopathological entities: pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, and glioblastoma.
An oligoastrocytoma characterized by the presence of increased cellularity, nuclear atypia, pleomorphism, and high mitotic activity.
A neoplasm of the central nervous system composed predominantly of cells morphologically resembling oligodendroglia. Oligodendroglial tumors histologically comprise a continuous spectrum ranging from well-differentiated neoplasms to frankly malignant tumors. WHO grading system recognizes two malignancy grades: WHO grade II for well-differentiated tumors (oligodendroglioma) and WHO grade III for anaplastic oligodendroglioma. (Adapted from WHO)
A rare, slow-growing tumor that begins in the oligodendrocytes (brain cells that provide support and nourishment for nerve cells).
A group of nervous system tumors which display neuronal differentiation. It includes tumors that are composed of immature round cells and tumors that display advanced differentiation and the formation of ganglion cells.
A neoplasm arising from the pineocyte, a cell with photosensory and neuroendocrine functions. It may be composed of mature elements or primitive, immature cells. The cellular composition determines the biological behavior and clinical outcome. Three types are recognized: pineoblastoma, pineocytoma, and pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (Adapted from WHO.)
A WHO grade I slow growing tumor, more frequently affecting young adults. It is composed of small, uniform, mature cells resembling pineocytes with occasional large pineocytomatous rosettes. It may show a wide range of divergent phenotypes, including neuronal, glial, melanocytic, photoreceptor and mesenchymal differentiation. Pineocytoma generally has a relatively favorable prognosis. (Adapted from WHO)
A benign neoplasm of the brain arising from the pineal gland.
A benign, slow growing, pineal parenchymal tumor that more frequently affects young adults.
A slow growing type of brain tumor that occurs in or around the pineal gland, a tiny organ near the center of the brain.
A WHO grade II or III pineal parenchymal neoplasm of intermediate-grade malignancy, affecting all ages. It is composed of diffuse sheets or large lobules of uniform cells with mild to moderate nuclear atypia and low to moderate level mitotic activity. (Adapted from WHO)
Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation
A rare circumscribed, non-encapsulated and grossly pigmented nerve sheath tumor. It is composed of cells with the immunophenotypic and electron microscopic features of Schwann cells which contain melanosomes and are positive for melanoma markers. It usually involves spinal nerve roots but may occur in other locations. It may be associated with PRKAR1A gene mutation and Carney complex. Malignant behavior has been reported in a significant number of patients.
A neoplasm that arises from meningothelial cells. This category refers to meningiomas.
Also known as chromophil carcinoma, it represents a minority of renal cell carcinomas. It can be hereditary or sporadic. The sporadic papillary renal cell carcinoma is characterized by trisomy of chromosomes 7, 16, and 17, and loss of chromosome Y. The peak incidence is in the sixth and seven decades. It is classified as type 1 or 2, based on the cytoplasmic volume and the thickness of the lining neoplastic cells. The prognosis is more favorable than for conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma. -- 2003
Papillary (Chromophil) Renal Cell Carcinoma
An aggressive, human papillomavirus-related squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis. It is characterized by the presence of nests of small malignant cells. The malignant cells tend to invade deeply into the adjacent tissues. Comedo-type necrosis is often present.
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Penis
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Penis, Basaloid Type
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis, Basaloid Type
A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis. It is characterized by a papillary growth pattern, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. Koilocytotic atypia is present. Human papillomavirus types 16 and 6 have been identified in some cases.
Condylomatous Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Condylomatous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Penis
Condylomatous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Penis, Condylomatous Type
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Penis, Warty Type
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis, Condylomatous Type
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis, Warty Type
Warty Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis
A slow growing, locally recurring, very well differentiated papillary squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis. It is characterized by the presence of acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. The neoplastic infiltrate extends into the underlying stroma with a pushing border. Koilocytotic atypia is not present.
Squamous Carcinoma of Penis, Verrucous Type
Squamous Carcinoma of the Penis, Verrucous Type
Verrucous Squamous Carcinoma of the Penis
A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis and is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.
Papillary Squamous Carcinoma of the Penis
Squamous Carcinoma of Penis, Papillary Type
Squamous Carcinoma of the Penis, Papillary Type
A complete hydatidiform mole or very rarely a partial mole that invades the myometrium.
A type of cancer that grows into the muscular wall of the uterus. It is formed after conception (fertilization of an egg by a sperm). It may spread to other parts of the body, such as the vagina, vulva, and lung.
Invasive Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm
A malignant neoplasm of embryonal origin, arising from the central nervous system. It usually affects children. Representative examples include ependymoblastoma, medulloblastoma, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.
Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm
Embryonal Neoplasm of Central Nervous System
Embryonal Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System
Embryonal Tumor of Central Nervous System
Embryonal Tumor of the Central Nervous System
A malignant germ cell tumor of the central nervous system composed of large cells that proliferate in cohesive nests and sheets. In rare occasions, tumor cells may replicate the structure of the early embryo, forming "embryoid bodies" replete with germ discs and miniature amniotic cavities. Additional morphologic characteristics include enlarged nucleoli, abundant clear to somewhat violet-hued cytoplasm, a high mitotic rate and zones of coagulative necrosis. (Adapted from WHO)
Central Nervous System Embryonal Carcinoma
Embryonal Carcinoma of the Central Nervous System
A teratoma composed exclusively of fully differentiated, 'adult-type' tissue elements that are sometimes arranged in a pattern resembling normal tissue relationships. Mitotic activity is low or absent. The more common ectodermal components present in a mature teratoma include skin, brain and choroid plexus. The more common mesodermal components include cartilage, bone, fat and muscle (both smooth and striated). And the most common endodermal components are cysts lined by epithelia of respiratory or enteric type and in some cases pancreatic or hepatic tissue. (Adapted from WHO)
Mature Teratoma of Central Nervous System
Mature Teratoma of the Central Nervous System
A variant of teratoma composed of incompletely differentiated components resembling fetal tissues. Even if the immature component is only a minor element of an otherwise differentiated teratoma, the tumor is still classified as immature. (Adapted from WHO)
Central Nervous System Immature Teratoma
Immature Teratoma of Central Nervous System
Immature Teratoma of the Central Nervous System
A central nervous system teratoma characterized by the presence of a malignant component. The malignant component most often is sarcomatous (rhabdomyosarcoma or undifferentiated sarcoma) or carcinomatous (squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma).
Central Nervous System Teratoma with Malignant Transformation
CNS Teratoma with Malignant Transformation
Teratoma of CNS with Malignant Transformation
Teratoma of Central Nervous System with Malignant Transformation
Teratoma of the CNS with Malignant Transformation
Teratoma of the Central Nervous System with Malignant Transformation
A benign, localized, nodular and well-circumscribed neoplasm usually seen as a congenital neoplasm or in the first year of life. It is characterized by a biphasic growth pattern and is composed of small, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells associated with branching thin-walled vessels and more mature neoplastic spindle cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm in a collagenous stroma.
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates from mature B lymphocytes. Representative examples include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and small lymphocytic lymphoma.
A condition that is relevant to human neoplasms and non-neoplastic disorders. This includes observations, test results, history and other concepts relevant to the characterization of human pathologic conditions.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the mesenchyma-derived cells of the soft tissue or bone. Representative examples include lipoma, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma.
A neoplasm arising from the neural retina. This category includes retinoblastoma and retinocytoma.
A neoplasm defined by its unique characteristic as they apply to clinical presentation and course, morphologic patterns, frequency, and/or age distribution.
A bone tumor arising from the remnants of the fetal notochord. This category includes the chordoma and benign notochordal cell tumor.
A neoplasm composed of a lymphocytic cell population which is usually malignant (clonal) by molecular genetic and/or immunophenotypic analysis. Lymphocytic neoplasms include Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemias, and plasma cell neoplasms.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic giant cells.
A usually benign neoplasm composed of large cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. Representative examples include oncocytic neoplasms of the thyroid gland, and kidney. (NCI05)
A benign neoplasm composed of large cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm (oncocytes).
A malignant neoplasm composed of large cells with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant pale cytoplasm (Paget cells). Paget cell neoplasms include Paget disease of the nipple and extramammary Paget disease which may affect the vulva, penis, anus, skin and scrotum.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic fibroblasts.
A melanoma that arises from any part of the digestive system.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma or intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include hepatocellular adenoma, and bile duct adenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and lymphoma.
Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Neoplasm
Hepatic and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Neoplasm
A benign or malignant epithelial neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of benign epithelial neoplasms include hepatocellular adenoma and intrahepatic bile duct adenoma. Representative examples of malignant epithelial neoplasms include hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Epithelial Neoplasm
Epithelial Hepatic and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Neoplasm
A benign or malignant non-epithelial neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of benign non-epithelial neoplasms include hemangioma, angiomyolipoma, and solitary fibrous tumor. Representative examples of malignant non-epithelial neoplasms include lymphoma, angiosarcoma, and undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma.
Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Non-Epithelial Neoplasm
Hepatic and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Non-Epithelial Neoplasm
Non-Epithelial Hepatic and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Neoplasm
A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the female reproductive system characterized by the presence of glands and/or cysts lined by neoplastic cells that resemble endometrial cells.
Endometrioid Neoplasm of Female Reproductive System
Endometrioid Neoplasm of the Female Reproductive System
Endometrioid Tumor of Female Reproductive System
Endometrioid Tumor of the Female Reproductive System
Female Reproductive Endometrioid Neoplasm
A malignant non-epithelial neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples include lymphoma, angiosarcoma, and undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma.
Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Malignant Non-Epithelial Neoplasm
Malignant Non-Epithelial Hepatic and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Neoplasm
A usually aggressive malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the surface of the bone.
A benign,intermediate, or malignant soft tissue tumor in which the line of differentiation is uncertain. Representative examples include neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation, alveolar soft part sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, epithelioid sarcoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma.
Soft Tissue Tumor of Uncertain Differentiation
Soft Tissue Neoplasm of Uncertain Differentiation
An adenocarcinoma arising from the thyroid gland showing extensive evidence of follicular cell differentiation. According to the nuclear features of the malignant follicular cells, it is classified either as papillary, or follicular carcinoma.
Thyroid Gland Well Differentiated Carcinoma
Well Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma
A low-grade neoplasm that arises from the neurohypophysis. It includes the granular cell tumor of the neurohypophysis and pituicytoma.
A neoplasm arising from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
A monoclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in the vast majority of cases. It is characterized by a bimodal age distribution (15-30 years of life and late life). Epstein-Barr virus has been postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells and mononuclear Hodgkin cells. The Reed-Sternberg and mononuclear Hodgkin cells are CD30 positive in nearly all cases and CD15 positive in the majority of cases. Four histologic subtypes have been distinguished: lymphocyte-rich, nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte-depleted classic Hodgkin lymphoma.
The most common type of Hodgkin lymphoma, which is a cancer of the immune system. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell.
Central Nervous System Neuroepithelial Neoplasm of Uncertain Origin
A low-grade (WHO grade II) astrocytic neoplasm. It is characterized by diffuse infiltration of neighboring central nervous system structures. These lesions typically affect young adults and have a tendency for progression to anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. Based on the IDH genes mutation status, diffuse astrocytomas are classified as IDH-mutant, IDH-wildtype, and not otherwise specified.
A malignant astrocytic neoplasm characterized by a high degree of cellular differentiation, slow growth, and diffuse infiltration of neighboring brain structures.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the hypopharynx.
A clinically aggressive neoplasm derived from the precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (also called professional type I interferon-producing cells or plasmacytoid monocytes), with a high frequency of cutaneous and bone marrow involvement and leukemic dissemination. (WHO 2017)
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm
Agranular CD4+ CD56+ Hematodermic Neoplasm/Tumor
Agranular CD4+ Natural Killer Cell Leukemia
Blastic Natural Killer Leukemia/Lymphoma
A carcinoid tumor characterized by a high mitotic rate, often associated with the presence of necrosis and nuclear pleomorphism.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma by Clinical Course
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma with Variable Clinical Course
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma with Variable Clinical Course
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the testis. Representative examples include seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, and lymphoma.
A monoclonal B-cell neoplasm characterized by a nodular, or a nodular and diffuse proliferation of scattered large neoplastic cells known as popcorn or lymphocyte predominant cells (LP cells)- formerly called L&H cells for lymphocytic and/or histiocytic Reed-Sternberg cell variants. The LP cells lack CD15 and CD30 in nearly all instances. Patients are predominantly male, frequently in the 30-50 year age group. Most patients present with limited stage disease (localized peripheral lymphadenopathy, stage I or II). (WHO 2008)
Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
A rare type of Hodgkin lymphoma, which is a cancer of the immune system. It is marked by the presence of a type of cell called a popcorn cell, which is different from the typical Reed-Sternberg cell found in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. This type of Hodgkin lymphoma may change into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Hodgkin lymphoma nodular lymphocyte predominant type, NOS
Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin's Lymphoma
nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
A large cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of a solid nodular or anastomotic trabecular growth pattern, peripheral palisading, and comedo type necrosis.
Acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage, including monoblasts, promonocytes, and monocytes. Bleeding disorders are common presenting features.
Acute Monoblastic and Monocytic Leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage, including monoblasts, promonocytes, and monocytes.
Acute Monoblastic Leukemia and Acute Monocytic Leukemia
A neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of germ cell and sex cord-stromal tissues that are intimately admixed. If there is no malignant germ cell component present, the clinical course is benign.
Ovarian Mixed Germ Cell-Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor
A mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumor that occurs in the ovary.
Ovarian Mixed Germ Cell-Sex Cord Neoplasm
Ovarian Mixed Germ Cell-Sex Cord-Stromal Neoplasm
A locally aggressive or rarely metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle-shaped fibroblasts.
A benign or malignant endocrine neoplasm that arises from the testis or the ovary.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include Schneiderian papilloma and salivary gland-type adenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma and lymphoma.
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Neoplasm
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the walls and/or cavities of the abdomen, pelvis, and retroperitoneal space.
Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Neoplasms
A benign neoplasm affecting the skin. It is composed of fibrohistiocytic cells, spindle fibroblastic cells, and histiocytes arranged in a storiform pattern.
Benign Cutaneous Fibrohistiocytic Neoplasm
A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the squamous, glandular, or transitional cell epithelium without evidence of invasion. According to the degree of nuclear atypia, number of mitotic figures, and presence of architectural distortion, it is classified as grade II (moderate dysplasia) or grade III (severe dysplasia).
An adenocarcinoma arising from the uterine body cavity. This is the most frequent malignant tumor affecting the uterine body, and is linked to estrogen therapy. Most patients present with uterine bleeding and are over age 40 at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor, the depth of the uterine wall invasion, and the histologic subtype. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most frequently seen morphologic variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
A malignant glandular neoplasm of the uterine lining.
A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the hair follicle.
Cerebellar Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumor
Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumor of Cerebellum
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the lung.
A primary or metastatic malignant tumor involving the prostate gland. The vast majority are carcinomas.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the anal canal or perianal skin. Representative examples include carcinomas, lymphomas, and melanomas.
A neoplasm arising from arteries or veins.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm arising from vascular tissue including arteries, veins, venous sinuses, lymphatic vessels, arterioles and capillaries. It may occur in essentially any body location and is characterized by the presence of vascular channel formation and endothelial cells.
A benign neoplasm arising from vascular tissue usually of the skin. It is characterized by the presence of vascular channel formation and endothelial cells.
A malignant neoplasm arising from the vascular tissue. It is characterized by vascular channel formation and malignant endothelial cells.
A neoplasm of small B-lymphocytes with "hairy" projections in bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood. Most patients present with splenomegaly and pancytopenia. (WHO, 2001)
A rare type of leukemia in which abnormal B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) are present in the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood. When viewed under a microscope, these cells appear to be covered with tiny hair-like projections.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the vagina. Representative examples include carcinomas and sarcomas.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the rectum. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Exocrine Pancreas
Malignant Tumor of the Exocrine Pancreas
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the ovary. Most primary malignant ovarian neoplasms are either carcinomas (serous, mucinous, or endometrioid adenocarcinomas) or malignant germ cell tumors. Metastatic malignant neoplasms to the ovary include carcinomas, lymphomas, and melanomas.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the ovary (one of a pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed). Most ovarian cancers are either ovarian epithelial carcinomas (cancer that begins in the cells on the surface of the ovary) or malignant germ cell tumors (cancer that begins in egg cells).
A benign epithelial neoplasm that projects above the surrounding epithelial surface and consists of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma.
A benign epithelial neoplasm that projects above the surrounding epithelial surface.
An anal adenocarcinoma arising from the lining of an anorectal fistulous tract or the anal glands. The overlying anal mucosa does not show evidence of neoplastic changes. It usually presents as a submucosal tumor.
Anal Extramucosal (Perianal) Adenocarcinoma
Extramucosal (Perianal) Adenocarcinoma of Anus
Extramucosal (Perianal) Adenocarcinoma of the Anus
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the esophagus.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the gallbladder. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, melanoma, and sarcoma.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the larynx. The majority are carcinomas.
A phyllodes tumor with morphologic characteristics which are intermediate between a benign and a malignant phyllodes tumor. The stromal sarcomatous changes are of low grade and are often reminiscent of low grade fibrosarcomas.
Abnormal malignant growth of cells in the urethra (lower urinary tract).
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the small intestine.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Small Intestine
A peripheral T-cell lymphoma of mature T follicular helper (TFH) cells characterized by systemic disease and a polymorphous infiltrate involving lymph nodes, with a prominent proliferation of high endothelial venules and follicular dendritic cells. EBV-positive cells are nearly always present. It is a clinically aggressive lymphoma and seen mainly in older adults. (WHO 2017)
An aggressive (fast-growing) type of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma marked by enlarged lymph nodes and hypergammaglobulinemia (increased antibodies in the blood). Other symptoms may include a skin rash, fever, weight loss, or night sweats.
Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy Type T-Cell Lymphoma
Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy with Dysproteinemia
A malignant lymphocytic neoplasm of B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. This category includes precursor or acute lymphoblastic leukemias and chronic leukemias.
A progressive, proliferative disease of blood cells, originating from lymphoid cells.
A type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (white blood cells).
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of monomorphic small, round B-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. When the lymphoid process predominantly involves the bone marrow and the peripheral blood it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (WHO, 2001)
A malignant neoplasm composed of small lymphocytes.
An indolent (slow-growing) type of lymphoma in which too many immature lymphocytes (white blood cells) are found mostly in the lymph nodes. This causes the lymph nodes to become larger than normal. Sometimes cancer cells are found in the blood and bone marrow, and the disease is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The disease is most often seen in people older than 50 years. SLL is a type of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Diffuse Well Differentiated Lymphocytic Lymphoma
well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma
A malignant tumor that originates in the nuclear layer of the retina. As the most common primary tumor of the eye in children, retinoblastoma is still relatively uncommon, accounting for only 1% of all malignant tumors in pediatric patients. Approximately 95% of cases are diagnosed before age 5. These tumors may be multifocal, bilateral, congenital, inherited, or acquired. Seventy-five percent of retinoblastomas are unilateral; 60% occur sporadically. A predisposition to retinoblastoma has been associated with 13q14 cytogenetic abnormalities. Patients with the inherited form also appear to be at increased risk for secondary nonocular malignancies such as osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and fibrosarcoma.
A malignant neoplasm originating in the nuclear layer of the retina.
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the retina (the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye). Retinoblastoma usually occurs in children younger than 5 years. It may be hereditary or nonhereditary (sporadic).
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the pharynx.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the penis. Representative examples include penile carcinoma and penile sarcoma.
Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the kidney.
An adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells that, in well differentiated tumors, resemble the epithelium of the fallopian tube or, in poorly differentiated tumors, show anaplastic features and marked nuclear atypia.
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium that lines the cavity of the uterine body. The vast majority of endometrial carcinomas are adenocarcinomas; squamous cell and adenosquamous carcinomas represent a minority of the cases. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most frequently seen variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Uterine bleeding is an initial clinical sign. The prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor, the depth of myometrial wall invasion, and the degree of differentiation.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from the lining of the uterine body cavity.
Cancer that forms in the tissue lining the uterus (the small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis in which a fetus develops). Most endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).
A diverse group of carcinomas of the thymus gland, previously known as thymoma type C. It includes morphologic variants derived from purely epithelial cells, as well as from cells with neuroendocrine differentiation.
A rare type of thymus gland cancer. It usually spreads, has a high risk of recurrence, and has a poor survival rate. Thymic carcinoma is divided into subtypes, depending on the types of cells in which the cancer began.
Thymic Carcinoma (Excluding Well Differentiated Thymic Carcinoma)
Thymic Carcinoma Excluding Well Differentiated Thymic Carcinoma
A neoplasm composed of melanocytes that usually appears as a dark spot on the skin.
A benign (not cancer) growth on the skin that is formed by a cluster of melanocytes (cells that make a substance called melanin, which gives color to skin and eyes). A mole is usually dark and may be raised from the skin.
A benign, malignant, or borderline circumscribed biphasic neoplasm that arises from the breast. It usually affects middle-aged women. It is characterized by the presence of a double layer of epithelial cells that are arranged in clefts, surrounded by a spindle cell mesenchymal (stromal) component.
A low grade adenocarcinoma with ductal differentiation, arising from the sweat glands. It presents as a scar usually in the face. It is characterized by the formation of small ducts and it frequently involves nerves and perineural spaces.
A neoplasm composed of basal cells that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.
A lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of large or small neuroendocrine carcinoma cells in combination with malignant glandular or squamous epithelial cells.
An infiltrating malignant tumor characterized by the presence of atypical cells with myoepithelial differentiation. Representative examples include malignant breast myoepithelioma and salivary gland myoepithelial carcinoma.
A malignant neoplasm composed of myoepithelial cells.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the oral cavity.
Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the Skin
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the male or female reproductive system. Representative examples include benign prostate phyllodes tumor, benign Sertoli cell tumor, uterine corpus leiomyoma, and benign ovarian serous tumor.
A benign or malignant mesothelial neoplasm that arises from the peritoneum.
A localized neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation. It is characterized by the presence of round to spindle-shaped cells, hylanized stroma formation, thin-walled branching blood vessels, and thin bands of collagen.
A soft tissue tumor characterized by an increased risk of local recurrence and/or a low risk of metastasis.
This lesion shows moderate or marked architectural distortion with glandular crowding and prominent cellular atypia. It includes moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia. (WHO, 2000) -- 2003
High Grade Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Squamous or glandular cervical intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate or severe dysplastic changes.
High Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
A neoplastic process that affects the glandular epithelial cells of the cervix. There is no evidence of invasion. It is classified as low or high grade.
Cervical Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of severe dysplastic changes.
High Grade Cervical Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia
An adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary. It is the most common type of ovarian carcinoma. It includes the serous adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm of the brain occurring in children.
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm of the brain, occurring in children.
A malignant neoplasm of the liver developed in childhood. Representative examples include hepatoblastoma, undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma, and extrarenal rhabdoid tumor.
A malignant tumor of the liver occurring during childhood.
A melanoma derived from melanocytes of the uveal tract. It is the most common primary intraocular tumor in the United States and Western Europe. Similar to melanoma of the skin, it is rare in Africa and Asia. Diagnostic procedures include ophthalmoscopic exam, fluorescein angiography and ultrasound. Treatment includes: surgical excision of the eye, iridocyclectomy and tumor resection. Recent treatments also include radiotherapy or photo coagulation. Classification of uveal melanomas recognizes four cell types within these tumors: epithelioid, intermediate, mixed cell, and spindle cell types. The spindle cell type uveal melanomas are further sub-classified as spindle cell type A and spindle cell type B.
A malignant neoplasm of the uvea composed of melanocytes.
A rare cancer of melanocytes (cells that produce the pigment melanin) found in the eye.
A transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the renal pelvis and ureter.
Renal Pelvis and Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma
Renal Pelvis and Ureter Transitional Cell Cancer
Renal Pelvis and Ureter Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Renal Pelvis and Ureter Urothelial Cancer
Transitional Cell Cancer of Renal Pelvis and Ureter
Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter
Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis and Ureter
Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter
A malignant neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium of the appendix with invasion of the appendiceal wall beyond the muscularis mucosa. The majority of cases are well differentiated adenocarcinomas with mucinous stroma formation. Clinically, it may present as an abdominal mass or with symptoms of acute appendicitis. Patients with chronic ulcerative colitis are at a higher risk in developing appendiceal adenocarcinomas compared to the general population.
A carcinoma arising from the small intestine. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas. The remaining cases are adenosquamous, squamous, or undifferentiated carcinomas.
A rare cancer that forms in tissues of the small intestine (the part of the digestive tract between the stomach and the large intestine). The most common type is adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids). Other types of small intestine cancer include sarcoma (cancer that begins in connective or supportive tissue), carcinoid tumor (a slow-growing type of cancer), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (a type of soft tissue sarcoma), and lymphoma (cancer that begins in immune system cells).
A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the penis. It occurs chiefly in the squamous epithelium of the glans, coronal sulcus, and foreskin. Etiologic factors include phimosis, lichen sclerosus, smoking, ultraviolet irradiation, history of warts or condylomas, and lack of circumcision. Human papilloma virus is present in a subset of penile squamous cell carcinomas. Patients may present with an exophytic or flat ulcerative mass in the glans or a large primary tumor with inguinal nodal and skin metastases. Morphologic variants include the basaloid carcinoma, warty (condylomatous) carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, and sarcomatoid (spindle cell) carcinoma. (WHO, 2004)
A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis. It represents the rarest of the testicular germ cell tumors. Histologically it is characterized by the presence of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts.
A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the vagina. Human papillomavirus infection is associated with the development of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Signs and symptoms include painless bleeding, postcoital bleeding, and urinary tract symptoms. Morphologically it resembles squamous cell carcinomas in other anatomic sites. Radiation therapy is the preferred treatment for most cases. The prognosis is related to the stage of the disease.
Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the skin. The tumor is composed of fibrohistiocytic cells, spindle fibrous cells, and histiocytes in a storiform pattern.
An adenocarcinoma that arises from the small intestine. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma.
An adenocarcinoma that arises from the duodenum. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma.
A carcinoma that arises from the hepatocytes or intrahepatic bile ducts. The main subtypes are hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) and cholangiocarcinoma.
Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma
Primary liver cancer is cancer that forms in the tissues of the liver. Secondary liver cancer is cancer that spreads to the liver from another part of the body.
Cancer of Liver and Intrahepatic Biliary Tract
Cancer of the Liver and Intrahepatic Biliary Tract
Liver and Intrahepatic Biliary Tract Cancer
An infiltrating lobular adenocarcinoma of the breast. The malignant cells lack cohesion and are arranged individually or in a linear manner (Indian files), or as narrow trabeculae within the stroma. The malignant cells are usually smaller than those of ductal carcinoma, are less pleomorphic, and have fewer mitotic figures.
Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma of Breast
Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma, Classic Type
An invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells which contain prominent intracytoplasmic mucin (signet ring cells). The signet ring cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cells.
Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma of Colon
Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
An adenocarcinoma arising from the pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of relatively uniform malignant cells which form acinar patterns. It usually occurs during adulthood. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, and diarrhea. It may metastasize to regional lymph nodes and the liver. A minority of patients develop lipase hypersecretion syndrome. This syndrome may be seen in patients with liver metastases and it is characterized by excessive secretion of lipase in the serum, polyarthralgia, and subcutaneous fat necrosis.
Acinar Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas
An endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from the ovary. It comprises 10% to 25% of all primary ovarian carcinomas. Grossly, endometrioid carcinoma may present as a cystic or solid mass. Microscopically, the tumor greatly resembles the appearance of the ordinary type of endometrial adenocarcinoma. As a group, endometrioid carcinoma has a prognosis twice as good as that of serous or mucinous carcinoma.
Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Ovary
Ovarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Not Otherwise Specified
An adenocarcinoma arising from the vagina. Morphologic variants include the clear cell, endometrioid, mesonephric, and mucinous adenocarcinoma.
A small cell carcinoma arising from the cervix.
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
An epithelial neoplasm that arises from the ovary characterized by the presence of glandular or cystic spaces which contain atypical glandular epithelial cells resembling endometrial cells. The surrounding ovarian stroma is often fibrotic. There is no evidence of stromal invasion.
Borderline Ovarian Endometrioid Tumor/Atypical Proliferative Ovarian Endometrioid Tumor
Borderline Endometrioid Neoplasm of Ovary
Borderline Endometrioid Neoplasm of the Ovary
Borderline Endometrioid Tumor of the Ovary
Borderline Ovarian Endometrioid Neoplasm
Endometrioid Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential
Endometrioid Neoplasm with Proliferating Activity, Ovarian
Endometrioid Tumor of Low Malignant Potential
Endometrioid Tumor with Proliferating Activity, Ovarian
Low Malignant Potential Endometrioid Neoplasm of Ovary
Low Malignant Potential Endometrioid Neoplasm of the Ovary
Low Malignant Potential Endometrioid Tumor of Ovary
Low Malignant Potential Endometrioid Tumor of the Ovary
Low Malignant Potential Ovarian Endometrioid Neoplasm
Low Malignant Potential Ovarian Endometrioid Tumor
Ovarian Endometrioid Borderline Neoplasm
Ovarian Endometrioid Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential
Ovarian Endometrioid Neoplasm with Proliferating Activity
Ovarian Endometrioid Tumor of Low Malignant Potential
Ovarian Endometrioid Tumor with Proliferating Activity
Proliferating Endometrioid Neoplasm of Ovary
Proliferating Endometrioid Neoplasm of the Ovary
Proliferating Endometrioid Tumor of Ovary
Proliferating Endometrioid Tumor of the Ovary
Proliferating Ovarian Endometrioid Neoplasm
Proliferating Ovarian Endometrioid Tumor
A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis. It affects infants, young children, and postpubertal males. It is the most frequently seen testicular neoplasm during childhood. The vast majority of patients present with an asymptomatic scrotal mass. The tumor mimics the yolk sac of the embryo and produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). It metastasizes to distant anatomic sites. Prognostic factors relate to the clinical stage and the degree of AFP elevation.
A usually aggressive salivary gland carcinoma with high grade histopathologic features. It includes the salivary duct carcinoma, salivary gland oncocytic carcinoma, and high grade salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
High-Grade Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland
An adenocarcinoma arising from the salivary gland. It includes the salivary gland polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma, salivary gland oncocytic carcinoma, salivary gland mucinous adenocarcinoma, salivary gland low grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma, salivary gland cystadenocarcinoma, salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma, salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma, salivary duct carcinoma, and salivary gland adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified.
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma associated with bone marrow involvement and IgM monoclonal gammopathy.
An indolent (slow-growing) type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma marked by abnormal levels of IgM antibodies in the blood and an enlarged liver, spleen, or lymph nodes.
A differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. The nuclear features which characterize the thyroid gland papillary carcinoma are absent. Radiation exposure is a risk factor and it comprises approximately 10% to 15% of thyroid cancers. Clinically, it usually presents as a solitary mass in the thyroid gland. It is generally unifocal and thickly encapsulated and shows invasion of the capsule or the vessels. Diagnostic procedures include thyroid ultrasound and fine needle biopsy.
A differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. The nuclear features which characterize the thyroid gland papillary carcinoma are absent.
A malignant neoplasia arising from follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
Cancer that forms in follicular cells in the thyroid. It grows slowly and is highly treatable.
Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Well-Differentiated Follicular Adenocarcinoma
Well-Differentiated Follicular Carcinoma
A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the ovary. Morphologically, it is identical to seminoma and consists of a monotonous population of germ cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and uniform nuclei. The stroma invariably contains chronic inflammatory cells, mostly T-lymphocytes. It responds to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the prognosis relates to the tumor stage.
A usually rapidly growing malignant germ cell tumor arising from the ovary. It usually occurs in children and adolescents. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain and a large abdominal or pelvic mass. The serum alpha-fetoprotein is almost always elevated preoperatively. Morphologically, there is marked heterogeneity due to numerous patterns of differentiation coexisting in the same tumor. The most common pattern is reticular.
Germ Cell Endodermal Sinus Neoplasm of Ovary
Germ Cell Endodermal Sinus Neoplasm of the Ovary
Germ Cell Endodermal Sinus Tumor of Ovary
Germ Cell Endodermal Sinus Tumor of the Ovary
Ovarian Germ Cell Endodermal Sinus Neoplasm
Ovarian Germ Cell Endodermal Sinus Tumor
An embryonal carcinoma arising from the ovary. Signs and symptoms include the presence of an abdominal mass and abdominal pain.
A non-seminomatous germ cell tumor arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of various tissues which correspond to the different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). According to the level of differentiation of the tissues which comprise the tumor, ovarian teratomas are classified as mature or immature. Mature teratomas are composed of well differentiated, adult-type tissues. Immature teratomas are composed of immature, fetal type-tissues. Mature ovarian teratomas without a fetal-type component have an excellent outcome. The prognosis of immature ovarian teratomas is related to the grade and stage of the tumor.
A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the ovary. It usually affects females in their first two decades of life. It contains variable amounts of immature embryonal tissues. Based on the amount of immature neuroepithelial component, immature teratomas are graded from 1 to 3. The stage and grade of the tumor and the grade of the metastatic tumor are the important factors that predict prognosis. The use of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy has significantly improved the survival rates of the patients.
Immature Germ Cell Teratoma of the Ovary
Malignant Germ Cell Teratoma of the Ovary
An ovarian teratoma which may be cystic, composed entirely of well differentiated, adult-type tissues, without evidence of fetal-type tissues.
An ovarian malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of at least two different germ cell tumor components. The most common combination of germ cell tumors is dysgerminoma and yolk sac tumor.
A disorder either associated with an increased risk for malignant transformation (e.g., intraepithelial neoplasia, leukoplakia, dysplastic nevus, myelodysplastic syndrome) or that develops as a result of the presence of an existing malignant neoplasm (e.g., paraneoplastic syndrome).
An adenocarcinoma which arises from the exocrine pancreas. Ductal adenocarcinoma and its variants are the most common types of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
An aggressive malignant soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain differentiation. It is characterized by a recurrent chromosomal translocation t(11;22)(p13;q12) and the presence of small round cells in a desmoplastic stroma. It usually affects children and young adults. The most common site of involvement is the abdomen. Patients usually present with abdominal distention, pain, ascites, and a palpable abdominal mass. The prognosis is usually poor.
A rare, aggressive cancer that usually affects young males and usually is located in the abdomen.
A finding resulting from the examination of a tissue sample under light or electron microscopy.
A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the squamous, glandular, or transitional cell epithelium without evidence of invasion. According to the degree of nuclear atypia, number of mitotic figures, and presence of architectural distortion, it is classified as low grade (mild dysplasia) or high grade (moderate or severe dysplasia).
A category of mesenchymal gynecologic neoplasms. It includes endometrial stromal nodule, endometrioid stromal sarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma. Endometrial stromal nodule has been described in the uterine corpus only. Histologically, it is characterized by the lack of infiltration of the surrounding tissues. Endometrioid stromal sarcoma affects the uterine corpus, and rarely, the ovaries, cervix, and vagina. In the uterine corpus it is classified as low grade or high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. In the remainder of the anatomic sites it is classified as low grade endometrioid stromal sarcoma. Undifferentiated sarcoma was previously also known as high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. In 2014, high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma was reclassified and is currently considered a distinct and rare neoplasm that affects the uterine corpus only. It appears to have a prognosis that falls between low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma. The latter affects the uterine corpus and rarely the remainder of the anatomic sites.
Endometrioid Stromal and Related Neoplasms
A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of fibrohistiocytic cells, spindle fibroblastic cells, and histiocytes, in a storiform pattern.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Sebaceous Gland
A benign, WHO grade I cerebellar mass, which occurs in young adults and is composed of dysplastic ganglion cells. It is the major CNS manifestation of Cowden disease, an autosomal dominant condition that causes a variety of hamartomas and neoplasms.
Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of the Cerebellum
A clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in one or multiple organs or organ systems. It is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, ranging from cutaneous proliferations which may regress spontaneously, to aggressive neoplasms associated with organ failure and short survival.
A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the ovary characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that, in well differentiated tumors, resemble the epithelial cells of the fallopian tube and, in poorly differentiated tumors, show anaplastic features. Approximately thirty to fifty percent of the tumors are bilateral. Grossly, the better differentiated tumors consist of cystic masses, usually unilocular, containing a clear but sometimes viscous fluid. Papillary formations are often present. The more malignant tumors tend to be solid and invasive, with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage.
A neuroglial tumor that arises from the brain stem.
A tumor located in the part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord (the brain stem). It may grow rapidly or slowly, depending on the grade of the tumor.
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an indolent clinical course. Representative examples include grade 1 and grade 2 follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.
A type of lymphoma that tends to grow and spread slowly, and has few symptoms.
Cancer that has spread beyond the layer of tissue in which it developed and is growing into surrounding, healthy tissues.
A benign neoplasm arising from arteries or veins.
A malignant neoplasm arising from the blood vessels.
Benign Neoplasm of the Cerebral Hemispheres
Benign Tumor of the Cerebral Hemispheres
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the male reproductive system. Representative examples include prostate carcinoma, penile carcinoma, testicular seminoma, and testicular embryonal carcinoma.
Malignant Male Reproductive System Neoplasm
Malignant Male Reproductive System Tumor
Malignant Neoplasm of Male Reproductive System
Malignant Neoplasm of the Male Reproductive System
Malignant Tumor of Male Reproductive System
Malignant Tumor of the Male Reproductive System
A melanoma that arises from the structures of the eye or ocular adnexa.
The spread of a malignant neoplasm from an unknown primary to another region remote from the primary site.
Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm of Unknown Primary Origin
Cancer in which the site of the primary (original) tumor cannot be found. Most metastases from occult primary tumors are found in the head and neck.
Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm of Unknown Primary
Metastatic Neoplasm of Unknown Primary Origin
A germ cell tumor arising from the testis. Representative examples include teratoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac tumor.
A neoplasm arising from gonadal tissue within the testes.
A non-metastasizing cartilaginous matrix-producing neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic chondrocytes. Representative examples include osteochondroma and chondroma.
A malignant neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma.
Malignant Liver and Biliary System Neoplasm
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include hepatocellular adenoma, bile duct adenoma, and gallbladder lipoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma.
Hepatic, Biliary, and Gallbladder Neoplasms
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, cells that are derived from the neural crest. Although most melanomas arise in the skin, they also may arise from mucosal surfaces or at other sites to which neural crest cells migrate. (PDQ)
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by a diffuse proliferation of predominantly large neoplastic B lymphocytes. It is the most frequently seen type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, representing 30%-40% of the cases. Morphologic variants include centroblastic lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, and anaplastic lymphoma. Subtypes/entities include T-cell/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma, primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system, plasmablastic lymphoma, primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, and ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma.
A type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (cancer of the immune system) that is usually aggressive (fast-growing). It is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and is marked by rapidly growing tumors in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, or other organs. Other symptoms include fever, night sweats, and weight loss. There are several subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
A primary nodal B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma which morphologically resembles lymph nodes involved by marginal zone lymphomas of extranodal or splenic types, but without evidence of extranodal or splenic disease. (WHO, 2001)
An embryonal carcinoma that develops as a primary tumor in an anatomic site other than the testis or ovary.
Extragonadal Primary Embryonal Carcinoma
Primary Extragonadal Embryonal Carcinoma
A malignant germ cell tumor that develops as a primary tumor in an anatomic site other than the testis or ovary.
Malignant Neoplasm of Extragonadal Germ Cell
Malignant Neoplasm of the Extragonadal Germ Cell
Malignant Tumor of Extragonadal Germ Cell
Malignant Tumor of the Extragonadal Germ Cell
An immature teratoma that develops as a primary tumor in an anatomic site other than the testis or ovary.
A malignant non-seminomatous germ cell tumor that develops as a primary tumor in an anatomic site other than the testis or ovary.
Malignant Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor
Cancer of Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell
Cancer of the Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell
Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Cancer
Malignant Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Neoplasm
Malignant Neoplasm of Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell
Malignant Neoplasm of the Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell
Malignant Tumor of Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell
Malignant Tumor of the Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell
Primary Malignant Extragonadal Nonseminoma
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which occurs during infancy, childhood, or adolescence.
Abnormal cells are found in the cervical epithelium (the innermost lining of the cervix). These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue.
Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3
Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 AJCC v7
Severe Dysplasia of Uterine Cervix AJCC v7
A benign or malignant soft tissue neoplasm arising exclusively from the synovial membrane. Examples include the diffuse giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, localized giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, and malignant giant cell tumor of tendon sheath.
A low grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the surface of the bone. It usually affects the distal posterior femur, the proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. Painless swelling is the usual clinical sign. Most patients are young adults and the prognosis is usually excellent.
An intermediate grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm with chondroblastic differentiation. It arises from the surface of the bone and affects the diaphysis or diaphyseal- metaphyseal portion of the long bones. A painless mass or swelling is the most common clinical sign. It is associated with a better prognosis than conventional osteosarcoma.
Juxtacortical Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma
A poorly circumscribed morphologic variant of rhabdomyosarcoma. It is characterized by the presence of primitive skeletal muscle differentiation in any stage of myogenesis.
A soft tissue tumor that is most common in infants and young children. It begins in muscles, usually in the head, neck, or genitourinary tract.
A rare, high grade sarcoma that arises from the endometrial stroma or myometrium without a specific type of differentiation. It was previously also known as high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. In 2014, high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma was reclassified and is currently considered a distinct and rare neoplasm. Undifferentiated uterine sarcoma has a worse prognosis.
Uterine Corpus Undifferentiated Endometrial Sarcoma
A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that affects the uterine corpus, and rarely, the ovaries, cervix, and vagina. In the uterine corpus it is classified as low grade or high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. In the remainder of the anatomic sites it is classified as low grade endometrioid stromal sarcoma.
A malignant, mesenchymal tumor of the uterine stroma.
An aggressive malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, affecting predominantly elderly menopausal women. The endometrium and ovary are the most common sites of tumor origin. Morphologically, it is a high grade tumor, composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Mullerian) Tumor
A malignant neoplasm of the female reproductive tract (mostly uterus and ovaries) originating from the Mullerian ducts and composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.
A rare type of tumor that is a mixture of carcinoma and sarcoma cells. MMMT usually occurs in the uterus.
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Müllerian) Tumor
A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the oral cavity and/or the lips.
A carcinoma arising in the oral cavity. Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums. Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the oral cavity (the mouth). The tissues of the oral cavity include the lips, the lining inside the cheeks and lips, the front two thirds of the tongue, the upper and lower gums, the floor of the mouth under the tongue, the bony roof of the mouth, and the small area behind the wisdom teeth.
A malignant neoplasm composed of undifferentiated cells.
A mass of rapidly growing cells that begins in embryonic (fetal) tissue. Embryomas may be benign or malignant, and include neuroblastomas and Wilms tumors.
A benign neoplasm that can arise from any of the adrenal cortical layers. It can be associated with the overproduction of glucocorticoids (Cushing's syndrome), androgenic or estrogenic steroids (adrenogenital syndrome), or mineralocorticoids (Conn's syndrome). (Sternberg Diagnostic Surgical Pathology, 3rd ed.)
A benign neoplasm arising from any of the adrenal cortical layers.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the adrenal cortex. (NCI05)
A primary or metastatic malignant tumor involving the pancreas. Representative examples include carcinoma and lymphoma. -- 2003
A teratoma which may be cystic; it is composed entirely of well differentiated, adult-type tissues, without evidence of fetal-type tissues.
A type of benign (not cancer) germ cell tumor (type of tumor that begins in the cells that give rise to sperm or eggs) that often contains several different types of tissue such as hair, muscle, and bone.
An astrocytic tumor appearing before the age of twenty one without designation of benign or malignant nor designated location.
An astrocytic tumor arising during childhood, without designation of benign or malignant, nor a designated location.
Grading of sarcomas according to the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group (FNCLCC). This sarcoma grading system is based on three factors: differentiation, mitotic count, and tumor necrosis. The scores for each factor are added to determine the grade (1 to 3) for the sarcoma.
Sarcoma by FNCLCC Tumor Differentiation Score
A sarcoma with a total score of 2 or 3 according to the FNCLCC guidelines.
A sarcoma with a total score of 4 or 5 according to the FNCLCC guidelines.
A sarcoma with a total score of 6 or higher according to the FNCLCC guidelines.
A carcinoma arising from either the exocervical squamous epithelium or the endocervical glandular epithelium. The major histologic types of cervical carcinoma are: squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the cervix (the organ connecting the uterus and vagina). It is usually a slow-growing cancer that may not have symptoms but can be found with regular Pap tests (a procedure in which cells are scraped from the cervix and looked at under a microscope). Cervical cancer is almost always caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
An abnormal growth of the cells that comprise the tissues of the brainstem. While the tumor may be histologically benign, it can produce great morbidity due to its location. It presents most commonly in the first two decades of life.
An abnormal growth of the cells that comprise the tissues of the brainstem. While the tumor may be histologically benign, it can produce great morbidity due to its location. It presents most commonly during the first two decades of life.
A term that refers to the staging of breast cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.
A carcinoma that arises from the penis. Risk factors include phimosis and human papillomavirus infection. The majority of penile carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas. The most frequent clinical presentation is an irregular mass in the glans of the penis. Treatment includes surgical management and radiation therapy.
A rare cancer that forms in the penis (an external male reproductive organ). Most penile cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the penis).
A malignant tumor predominantly affecting young men and often associated with cryptorchidism. Seminoma is the most frequently seen malignant testicular germ cell tumor, followed by embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumor.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the testis (one of two egg-shaped glands inside the scrotum that make sperm and male hormones). Testicular cancer usually occurs in young or middle-aged men. Two main types of testicular cancer are seminomas (cancers that grow slowly and are sensitive to radiation therapy) and nonseminomas (different cell types that grow more quickly than seminomas).
Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm of the Testis
Testicular cancer (excluding germ cell or trophoblastic cancer)
Malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from the urethra (lower urinary tract).
A rare cancer that forms in tissues of the urethra (the tube through which urine empties the bladder and leaves the body). Types of urethral cancer include transitional cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that can change shape and stretch without breaking apart), squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the urethra), and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).
A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm of the soft tissue or bone. It arises from muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, bone, cartilage, and blood vessels. Sarcomas occur in both children and adults. The prognosis depends largely on the degree of differentiation (grade) of the neoplasm. Representative subtypes are liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma.
A cancer of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.
A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm. A general term for which the transformed cell type has not been specified.
An infiltrating adenocarcinoma that arises from the epithelial cells of the pancreas. It affects males more often than females and the patients are usually over 50 years of age. Microscopically it is characterized by the presence of glandular (ductal) differentiation and desmoplastic stroma formation. Signs and symptoms include pain, loss of weight, and jaundice. It grows rapidly and is usually detected after it has metastasized to other anatomic sites. The prognosis is usually poor.
Pancreatic Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma, NOS
Pancreatic Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
A term that refers to the staging of cervical cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.
A term that refers to the staging of breast cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.
An invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of islands of small and uniform cells, surrounded by large amounts of mucin. Pure mucinous breast carcinomas generally have a favorable prognosis.
An aggressive carcinoma with a poor prognosis characterized by a presence of both malignant squamous cells and glandular cells.
A breast carcinoma characterized by the formation of irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma covered with neoplastic epithelial cells.
A morphologic variant of small cell lung carcinoma in combination with a non-small cell carcinoma.
Combined Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Combined Small Cell and Large Cell Lung Carcinoma
Combined Small and Large Cell Lung Cancer
Combined Small and Large Cell Lung Carcinoma
Combined Type Small Cell Carcinoma of Lung
Combined Type Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Mixed Small Cell and Large Cell Carcinoma of Lung
Mixed Small Cell and Large Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Mixed Small Cell and Large Cell Lung Carcinoma
Small Cell and Large Cell Carcinoma of Lung
Small Cell and Large Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Small Cell and Large Cell Lung Carcinoma
A usually aggressive malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm, predominantly affecting adolescents and young adults. It usually involves bones and less frequently extraosseous sites. It often involves the long bones (particularly distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus). Pain with or without a palpable mass is the most frequent clinical symptom. It may spread to other anatomic sites, particularly the lungs.
A cancer of the bone that usually affects the large bones of the arm or leg. It occurs most commonly in young people and affects more males than females.
A malignant neoplasm of connective tissue origin that produces bone or osteoid.
A malignant neoplasm usually arising from bone.
A melanoma of the skin characterized by single cell infiltration of the papillary dermis by atypical melanocytes, in a background of lentigo maligna changes.
An adenocarcinoma of the stomach arising on a background of intestinal metaplasia. Microscopically, it is characterized by a glandular pattern and it closely resembles a colonic adenocarcinoma. Grossly, it tends to be nodular, polypoid or ulcerated.
Intestinal Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach
An adenocarcinoma arising from the stomach. Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of a diffuse infiltrate, composed of individual adenocarcinoma cells or groups of adenocarcinoma cells in a fibrous or mucoid stroma. Many cells contain mucin droplets, producing a signet-ring configuration.
Adenocarcinoma of the Linitis Plastica Type
A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from the anal canal or the anal margin (perianal skin). Human papillomavirus is detected in the majority of cases. Homosexual HIV-positive men have an increased risk of developing anal squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to the general male population. Symptoms include anal pruritus, discomfort when sitting, pain, change in bowel habit, and bleeding. The prognosis is generally better for anal margin SCC than for anal canal SCC.
An infiltrating adenocarcinoma arising from the rectum. It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells with prominent intracytoplasmic mucin. These cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cellular population.
Signet Ring Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum
Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma of Rectum
Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum
An insidious, locally aggressive, poorly circumscribed neoplasm arising from the deep soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of elongated spindle-shaped fibroblasts, collagenous stroma formation, and an infiltrative growth pattern. It lacks metastatic potential.
A tumor of the tissue that surrounds muscles, usually in the abdomen. A desmoid tumor rarely metastasizes (spreads to other parts of the body).
A highly aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the ovary. Morphologically, it is a high grade tumor, composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Mullerian Neoplasm of Ovary
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Mullerian Neoplasm of the Ovary
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Mullerian Tumor of Ovary
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Mullerian Tumor of the Ovary
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Müllerian Neoplasm of Ovary
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Müllerian Neoplasm of the Ovary
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Müllerian Tumor of Ovary
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Müllerian Tumor of the Ovary
Ovarian Malignant Mesodermal (Mullerian) Mixed Tumor
Ovarian Malignant Mesodermal (Müllerian) Mixed Tumor
Ovarian Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Mullerian) Tumor
Ovarian Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Müllerian) Tumor
Ovarian Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Mullerian Neoplasm
Ovarian Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Mullerian Tumor
Ovarian Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Müllerian Neoplasm
Ovarian Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Müllerian Tumor
Ovarian Malignant Mixed Mullerian Neoplasm
Ovarian Malignant Mixed Müllerian Neoplasm
A rare malignant cutaneous tumor seen in elderly patients. Its usual location is on the head, neck and extremities. The tumor is composed of small round cells with scanty cytoplasm arranged in a trabecular pattern, or in ill-defined nodules or in a diffuse pattern. The tumor cells contain cytoplasmic membrane-bound dense core granules resembling neurosecretory granules. There is strong evidence implicating Merkel cell polyomavirus in a majority of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma.
A rare type of cancer that forms on or just beneath the skin, usually in parts of the body that have been exposed to the sun. It is most common in older people and in people with weakened immune systems.
A variant of mastocytosis characterized by multifocal, dense infiltrates of mast cells (15 or more mast cells in aggregates) detected in the bone marrow and/or other extracutaneous sites. (WHO, 2001) -- 2003
A rare disease in which too many mast cells (a type of immune system cell) are found in the skin, bones, joints, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract. Mast cells give off chemicals such as histamine that can cause flushing (a hot, red face), itching, abdominal cramps, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure, and shock.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an aggressive clinical course. Representative examples include Burkitt lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.
A type of lymphoma that grows and spreads quickly and has severe symptoms.
A carcinoma that infiltrates the breast parenchyma. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas arising from the terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU). Often, the invasive adenocarcinoma co-exists with ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ. It is the most common carcinoma affecting women.
Cancer that has spread from where it started in the breast into surrounding, healthy tissue. Most invasive breast cancers start in the ducts (tubes that carry milk from the lobules to the nipple). Invasive breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems.
A WHO grade I, slow-growing brain neoplasm of children and young adults, associated with epilepsy. Morphologically it is characterized by an angiocentric pattern, monomorphic cellular infiltrate, and ependymal differentiation.
A WHO grade I, indolent and relatively circumscribed brain tumor. Morphologically it is characterized by the presence of astrocytes that line vascular and hyalinized pseudopapillae. In between the pseudopapillae aggregates of neurocytes, large neurons, and ganglioid cells are present.
Papillary Glioneuronal Tumor (WHO Grade I)
A WHO grade II neoplasm that arises from the brain parenchyma. Morphologically it is characterized by the presence of neoplastic uniform, round cells with neuronal differentiation. Unlike central neurocytoma, it does not involve the lateral ventricles. It usually affects young adults and has a favorable prognosis.
Extraventricular Neurocytoma (WHO Grade II)
A rare tumor that arises from the pineal region and affects adults. It is characterized by the presence of neuroepithelial cells and a papillary architecture. Electron microscopic studies suggest ependymal differentiation. The clinical course is variable.
Mature T and NK neoplasms predominantly affecting the skin and the peripheral blood. Peripheral blood involvement by abnormal T-cells (cerebriform cells) is a late manifestation of mycosis fungoides, whereas it is the presenting finding in Sezary syndrome. --2003
A carcinoma that arises from the major or minor salivary glands. Representative examples include carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
A large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising in the mediastinum. Morphologically it is characterized by a massive diffuse lymphocytic proliferation associated with compartmentalizing fibrosis. Response to intensive chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy, is usually good. (WHO, 2001)
Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma
B-Cell Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma of Mediastinum
B-Cell Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma of the Mediastinum
Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Mediastinal B-Cell Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma
Mediastinal Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma with Sclerosis
Primary Mediastinal Clear Cell Lymphoma of B-Cell Type
Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma
A neoplasm composed of spindle to ovoid cells which have morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of follicular dendritic cells. It affects lymph nodes and other sites including the tonsils, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, liver, soft tissues, skin, and oral cavity. It usually behaves as a low grade sarcoma. Treatment options include complete surgical removal of the tumor with or without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Recurrences have been reported in up to half of the cases.
A neoplastic proliferation of spindle to ovoid cells which show phenotypic features similar to those of interdigitating dendritic cells. The clinical course is generally aggressive. (WHO, 2008)
Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma/Tumor
Proliferation of myeloid cells originating from a primitive stem cell.
A carcinoma that arises from the anus. Anal carcinomas include the anal canal and perianal area (anal margin) carcinomas. Perianal carcinomas are staged separately as skin carcinomas in AJCC v6 and v7 editions. The AJCC v8 edition staging system applies to all carcinomas arising in the anal canal, including carcinomas that arise within anorectal fistulas and those arising in the perianal area (anal margin).
Cancer that forms in tissues of the anus. The anus is the opening of the rectum (last part of the large intestine) to the outside of the body.
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm that affects the brain, meninges, or spinal cord. Representative examples of primary neoplasms include astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, and meningioma. Representative examples of metastatic neoplasms include carcinoma and leukemia.
A tumor of the central nervous system, including brain stem glioma, craniopharyngioma, medulloblastoma, and meningioma.
Rare tumors that affect the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The cells of origin are the histiocytes and accessory cells. They can occur at any age and show no significant variations in geographical distribution. This category includes the histiocytic sarcoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Langerhans cell sarcoma, interdigitading dendritic cell sarcoma/tumor, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma/tumor, and dendritic cell sarcoma, not otherwise specified. (WHO, 2001)
Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in one or more organ systems. Recent data suggest that most variants of mast cell neoplasms are clonal disorders. (WHO, 2001)
A growth or lump of mast cells (a type of white blood cell). Mast cell tumors can involve the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle tissue.
An adenocarcinoma that arises from and straddles the junction of the stomach and esophagus. The category of adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction also includes the majority of adenocarcinomas previously called gastric cardia adenocarcinomas. Squamous cell carcinomas that affect or cross the junction of the stomach and esophagus are classified as carcinomas of the distal esophagus. Adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction occurs more often in Caucasian middle aged and elderly males. Clinical signs and symptoms include dysphagia, abdominal pain, and weight loss. The prognosis depends on the completeness of the surgical resection, the number of lymph nodes involved by cancer, and the presence or absence of postoperative complications. The presence of TP53 mutations indicates worse prognosis.
Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma of Cardioesophageal Junction
Adenocarcinoma of Gastroesophageal Junction
Adenocarcinoma of the Cardioesophageal Junction
Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction
Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction
A primary or metastatic malignant tumor involving the urinary system. Common tumor types include carcinomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas.
A clonal (malignant) hematopoietic disorder with an acute onset, affecting the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. The malignant cells show minimal differentiation and are called blasts, either myeloid blasts (myeloblasts) or lymphoid blasts (lymphoblasts).
A rapidly progressing cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of white blood cells to be produced and enter the blood stream.
A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the brain or spinal cord as a primary lesion. There is no evidence of lymphoma outside the central nervous system at the time of diagnosis.
Cancer that forms in the lymph tissue of the brain, spinal cord, meninges (outer covering of the brain), or eye (called ocular lymphoma).
A tumor composed of atypical neoplastic, often pleomorphic cells that invade other tissues. Malignant neoplasms often metastasize to distant anatomic sites and may recur after excision. The most common malignant neoplasms are carcinomas (adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas), Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, leukemias, melanomas, and sarcomas.
A general term for autonomous tissue growth exhibiting morphologic features of malignancy (e.g. severe atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, tumor cell necrosis, abnormal mitoses, tissue invasiveness) and for which the transformed cell type has not been specifically identified.
A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Malignant cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of malignancy. Carcinoma is a malignancy that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a malignancy that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a malignancy that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are malignancies that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are malignancies that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord.
Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells with potential for metastatic spread.
A malignant neoplasm arising from muscle tissue, adipose tissue, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, or other supportive tissues excluding the bones.
A solid, malignant neoplasm originating in muscle, tendon, fat, blood vessels, nerves, connective or joint tissue.
Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma, NOS
A disorder characterized by proliferation of lymphocytes at various stages of differentiation. Lymphoproliferative disorders can be neoplastic (clonal, as in lymphomas and leukemias) or reactive (polyclonal, as in infectious mononucleosis).
A disease in which cells of the lymphatic system grow excessively. Lymphoproliferative disorders are often treated like cancer.
A radiosensitive malignant germ cell tumor found in the testis (especially undescended), and extragonadal sites (anterior mediastinum and pineal gland). It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells with clear or dense cytoplasm which contains glycogen, and by a large nucleus which contains one or more nucleoli. The neoplastic germ cells form aggregates separated by fibrous septa. The fibrous septa contain chronic inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes.
A germinomatous germ cell tumor originating in the testis.
A malignant germ cell neoplasm of the testis.
A type of cancer of the testicles. Seminomas may spread to the lung, bone, liver, or brain.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the cervix.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Uterine Cervix
A sarcoma that arises from the bone. Representative examples are osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma.
A sarcoma that arises in the bones or soft tissues following exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.
A testicular germ cell tumor characterized by the absence of a seminomatous component. It includes embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, and mixed forms.
Testicular Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor
Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Non-Seminomatous
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the oral cavity. The majority are squamous cell carcinomas.
A carcinoma arising in the lip or oral cavity. Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums. Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Lip carcinomas are usually basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the oral cavity (the mouth) or the oropharynx (the part of the throat at the back of the mouth).
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the lip and/or oral cavity. The majority of cases are carcinomas.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the nasopharynx.
A rare, usually large (greater than 5cm), malignant epithelial tumor arising from the adrenal cortical cells. Symptoms are usually related to the excessive production of hormones, and include Cushing's syndrome and virilism in women. Common sites of metastasis include liver, lung, bone, and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Advanced radiologic procedures have enabled the detection of small tumors, resulting in the improvement of the 5-year survival.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from adrenal cortical cells.
A rare cancer that forms in the outer layer of tissue of the adrenal gland (a small organ on top of each kidney that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline to control heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions).
Adenocarcinoma, Adrenocortical, Malignant
A primary (adrenal cortex carcinoma) or a metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the adrenal cortex. (NCI05)
Malignant Neoplasm of the Adrenal Cortex
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the duodenum. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from the appendix. The vast majority of the cases are adenocarcinomas.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the stomach.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the appendix. Representative examples include carcinoma and lymphoma.
Malignant Neoplasm of Appendix Vermiformis
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the bladder.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Urinary Bladder
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the breast. The vast majority of cases are carcinomas arising from the breast parenchyma or the nipple. Malignant breast neoplasms occur more frequently in females than in males.
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the adrenal gland.
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the adrenal glands (two glands located just above the kidneys). The adrenal glands make hormones that control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions. Adrenal cancer that starts in the outside layer of the adrenal gland is called adrenocortical carcinoma. Adrenal cancer that starts in the center of the adrenal gland is called malignant pheochromocytoma.
A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm involving the bone or articular cartilage.
A poorly differentiated malignant embryonal neoplasm arising from the pineal region. It usually occurs in children and it is characterized by the presence of small immature neuroepithelial cells. It may follow an aggressive clinical course.
A fast growing type of brain tumor that occurs in or around the pineal gland, a tiny organ near the center of the brain.
A poorly differentiated malignant embryonal neoplasm arising from the pineal region of the brain.
Pineal Gland Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm
Pineal Gland Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
Pineal Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm
Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm of Pineal Gland
Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm of the Pineal Gland
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of Pineal Gland
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Pineal Gland
A neoplasm that arises from the mesothelial cells of the pleura. The primary cause is exposure to asbestos. The major histologic variants are the epithelioid malignant mesothelioma, desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma, and sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma. Patients present with persistent cough and shortness of breath.
A lymphoma, previously known as Hodgkin's disease, characterized by the presence of large tumor cells in an abundant admixture of nonneoplastic cells. There are two distinct subtypes: nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma involves primarily lymph nodes.
A cancer of the immune system that is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. The two major types of Hodgkin lymphoma are classical Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Symptoms include the painless enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen, or other immune tissue. Other symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, or night sweats.
A malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic system that is comprised of abnormal lymphocytes and is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells.
A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the rectum (the last several inches of the large intestine closest to the anus).
An adenocarcinoma arising from the rectum. It is more frequently seen in populations with a Western type diet and in patients with a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Signs and symptoms include intestinal bleeding, anemia, and change in bowel habits. According to the degree of cellular differentiation, rectal adenocarcinomas are divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma.
A carcinoma arising from the epithelium of the renal parenchyma or the renal pelvis. The majority are renal cell carcinomas. Kidney carcinomas usually affect middle aged and elderly adults. Hematuria, abdominal pain, and a palpable mass are common symptoms.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the kidneys. Kidney cancer includes renal cell carcinoma (cancer that forms in the lining of very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products) and renal pelvis carcinoma (cancer that forms in the center of the kidney where urine collects). It also includes Wilms tumor, which is a type of kidney cancer that usually develops in children under the age of 5.
A carcinoma arising from the renal parenchyma. There is a strong correlation between cigarette smoking and the development of renal cell carcinoma. The clinical presentation includes : hematuria, flank pain and a palpable lumbar mass. A high percentage of renal cell carcinomas are diagnosed when an ultrasound is performed for other purposes. Radical nephrectomy is the standard intervention procedure. Renal cell carcinoma is generally considered to be resistant to radiation treatment and chemotherapy.
A malignant neoplasm arising from renal parenchyma.
A malignant neoplasm arising from the renal parenchyma.
An extremely rare, WHO grade I, circumscribed and slow-growing tumor that arises from the neurohypophysis or infundibulum and described in adults. It is characterized by the presence of elongated, spindle-shaped neoplastic glial cells that form storiform patterns or interlacing fascicular arrangements. Signs and symptoms include visual disturbances, headache, amenorrhea, and decreased libido.
A very rare, WHO grade I, non-endocrine neoplasm that arises in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and described in adults. Its histogenesis is uncertain, although it has been suggested that it is derived from the folliculo-stellate cells of the adenohypophysis. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm forming fascicles. Electron microscopic studies demonstrate the accumulation of intracytoplasmic mitochondria and lack of secretory granules. Immunohistochemical studies are negative for pituitary hormones. Patients may present with pituitary hypofunction, visual disturbances, headache, nausea and vomiting. The clinical course is usually benign.
Spindle Cell Oncocytoma of the Adenohypophysis
Folliculo-Stellate Cell Tumor of the Pituitary
Spindle Cell Oncocytoma of the Adenohypophysis (WHO Grade I)
A functioning or non-functioning endocrine neoplasm that arises from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It is classified either as adenoma or carcinoma.
Anterior Pituitary Gland Endocrine Neoplasm
Endocrine Neoplasm of the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland
A highly aggressive carcinoma, histologically resembling small cell lung carcinoma. In most cases it is associated with carcinoma in situ.
Bladder Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Bladder Small Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from the epithelial cells of the hypopharynx.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the hypopharynx (the bottom part of the throat). The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the hypopharynx).
Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from the epithelial cells of the pharynx.
Cancer that forms in tissues of the pharynx (the hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the windpipe and esophagus). Pharyngeal cancer includes cancer of the nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat behind the nose), the oropharynx (the middle part of the pharynx), and the hypopharynx (the bottom part of the pharynx). Cancer of the larynx (voice box) may also be included as a type of pharyngeal cancer. Most pharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells that look like fish scales).
A low grade malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of a benign epithelial component (tubular and cleft-like glands) and a low grade sarcomatous component that contains varying amounts of fibrous and smooth muscle tissues. In a minority of cases, the sarcomatous component contains heterologous elements including striated muscle, cartilage, and fat. It occurs in the uterine corpus, ovary, fallopian tube, cervix, and vagina. It may recur and in a minority of cases may metastasize to distant anatomic sites.
A tumor that is a mixture of an adenoma (a tumor that starts in the gland-like cells of epithelial tissue) and a sarcoma (a tumor that starts in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue). An example of an adenosarcoma is Wilms tumor.
A WHO grade I large cystic tumor that occurs almost exclusively in infants, with a prominent desmoplastic stroma having a neuroepithelial population consisting mainly of neoplastic astrocytes. It involves the superficial cerebral cortex and leptomeninges, and often attaches to the dura. Although clinically it presents as large tumor, it generally has a good prognosis following surgical resection. (Adapted from WHO)
A WHO grade I large cystic tumor that occurs almost exclusively in infants, and which involves the superficial cerebral cortex and leptomeninges.
A neuroglial tumor that arises from the middle portion of the brain stem. It usually affects children and has a poor prognosis.
A type of central nervous system tumor that forms from glial (supportive) tissue of the brain and spinal cord. Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma usually occurs in children. It forms in the brain stem.
A diffusely infiltrating, WHO grade III astrocytoma with focal or dispersed anaplasia, and a marked proliferative potential. It may arise from a low-grade astrocytoma, but it can also be diagnosed at first biopsy, without indication of a less malignant precursor lesion. It has an intrinsic tendency for malignant progression to glioblastoma. (WHO)
A malignant neoplasm of the brain or spinal cord originating from astrocytes, exhibiting poor differentiation (anaplasia).
A carcinoma that is not confined to the epithelium, and has spread to the surrounding stroma.
A rare malignant embryonal neoplasm characterized by the presence of small cells which resemble the cells of classic medulloblastoma and a minor population of melanin-forming neuroepithelial cells. It usually has an unfavorable clinical course.
Medulloblastoma with Melanotic Differentiation
A benign glial-neuronal neoplasm. It is usually supratentorial, located, generally, in the cortex and occurs in children and young adults with a long-standing history of partial seizures. A histologic hallmark of this tumor is the 'specific glioneuronal element', characterized by columns, made up of bundles of axons, oriented perpendicularly to the cortical surface. (Adapted from WHO)
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Neoplasm
A well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor arising from the digestive system. It is characterized by the presence of cells with features similar to those of the normal endocrine cells of the digestive system. The neoplastic cells express immunohistochemical evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation and hormones. There is mild to moderate nuclear atypia and less than 20 mitoses per 10 HPF. It includes well-differentiated endocrine tumors or carcinoid tumors and well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas.
Digestive System Well Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Gastrointestinal System Neuroendocrine Tumor
A high grade poorly differentiated carcinoma arising from the digestive system. It is composed of small or large neoplastic cells that express immunohistochemical evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation. There is marked nuclear atypia, necrosis, and more than 20 mitoses per 10 HPF.
Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Gastrointestinal System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
A benign, non-metastasizing, usually cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. It is composed of glycogen-rich epithelial cells which produce a watery fluid. Signs and symptoms include abdominal mass, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.
A group of cystic or mass-forming epithelial neoplasms that arise from the exocrine pancreas, exhibit ductal differentiation, and grow mostly within the pancreatic ducts. This group includes the pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and the pancreatic intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms.
An epithelial neoplasm that arises from the exocrine pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells that resemble acinar cells and produce pancreatic exocrine enzymes. The vast majority are carcinomas.
An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastric mucosa and is characterized by the presence of isolated malignant cells or malignant cells that form small aggregates. This category includes signet ring cell adenocarcinomas, adenocarcinomas that are composed of malignant cells resembling lymphocytes and histiocytes, and adenocarcinomas that are composed of malignant cells with deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm.
A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach.
Gastric Well Differentiated Endocrine Tumor
Gastric Well Differentiated Endocrine Tumor/Carcinoma
An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine.
Intestinal Well Differentiated Endocrine Tumor
Intestinal Well Differentiated Endocrine Tumor/Carcinoma
An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Intestinal High Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Intestinal Poorly Differentiated Endocrine Carcinoma
A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).
Large Intestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Colorectal (Colon or Rectal) Neuroendocrine Cancer
Large Intestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.
Colorectal Well Differentiated Endocrine Tumor
Colorectal Well Differentiated Endocrine Tumor/Carcinoma
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the brain.
A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix.
Appendix Well Differentiated Endocrine Tumor
Appendix Well Differentiated Endocrine Tumor/Carcinoma
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include cholangitis and biliary atresia. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include extrahepatic bile duct adenoma and cholangiocarcinoma.
A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the hepatocytes or intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples include hepatocellular adenoma and bile duct adenoma.
Benign Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Epithelial Neoplasm
An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic large bile ducts.
Perihilar Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of any part of the digestive system. Representative examples include colorectal carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma.
Carcinoma of the Gastrointestinal System
A group of genetic or acquired metabolic disorders characterized by defects in the enzymes that are involved in the heme synthesis.
A teratoma that arises from the testis or ovary.