label: Alkylating Agent-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
label_lc: alkylating agent-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
description: Acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of alkylating agents that are used for the treatment of malignant tumors. Patients usually develop a myelodysplastic syndrome which may evolve to a higher grade myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia. A minority of patients present with an acute myeloid leukemia. Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently present and usually are unbalanced translocations or deletions of chromosomes 5 and 7. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia usually do not respond to treatment and have an unfavorable clinical outcome.