label: TFAP2B-related congenital heart disease spectrum disorder
label_lc: tfap2b-related congenital heart disease spectrum disorder
description: Any congenital heart disease caused by pathogenic variation(s) in the TFAP2B gene, which encodes the transcription factor AP-2β. This disorder is characterized by patent ductus arteriosus, facial dysmorphism and hand anomalies. Additional features include sensorineural hearing loss, scoliosis, dental anomalies, and central diabetes insipidus. Given the spectrum of symptoms associated with this condition, patients may exhibit a combination of these features. The underlying mechanism of the spectrum disorder is both dominant negative and loss-of-function. Pathogenic missense variants reported in Char syndrome patients appear to be dominant negative while loss-of-function alleles in PDA patients are likely to act through haploinsufficiency.