Homeodomain interacting protein kinase family
homeodomain interacting protein kinase family
The homeodomain interacting protein kinases are a family of nuclear dual-specificity serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases that belong to the CMGC superfamily of protein kinases. HIPKs act as transcriptional regulators and corepressors for homeodomain transcription factors and regulate a diverse range of cellular functions, including cytokinesis and apoptosis, ultimately playing roles in adipogenesis, tumor suppression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Based on similarity of the kinase domain sequence, HIPK kinases are most closely related to DYRK kinases. Three of four HIPK protein kinases in humans, HIPK1, HIPK2, HIPK3, and HIPK4, share a common domain architecture. HIPK1–3 consist of a highly conserved N-terminal kinase domain and several C-terminal regulatory domains including the homeoprotein-interacting domain (HID). HIPK4 stands out as a unique family member because it consists of only a kinase domain.