Methcathinone

An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which the hydrogen alpha- to the keto group has been replaced by a methylamino group.


A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.


Dihydromyricetin

An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.


Diethyl Ether

An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.


LAPACHOL

A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.


Methyl 4-methoxycinnamate

An alkyl cinnamate obtained by the formal condensation of carboxy group of 4-methoxycinnamic acid with methanol.


Cisatracurium

A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion  consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.  The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.


Radicicol

An antifungal macrolactone antibiotic, obtained from Diheterospora chlamydosporia and Chaetomium chiversii that inhibits protein tyrosine kinase and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90).


Canthaxanthin

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.


Dinoseb

A  racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dinoseb.


Chinomethionat

A dithioloquinoxaline that results from the formal condensation of 6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-dithiol with phosgene. It has been used as a fungicide and acaricide for the control of mites and powdery mildew on citrus, vegetables, and walnuts, but is not approved for use in the EU.


Xanthone

The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.


A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 8 are replaced by hydroxy groups.


Iodobenzene substituted at C-2 and -4 with nitro groups.


Thiophene

Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.


L-(-)-Sorbose

A ketohexose often involved in the commercial production of vitamin C. It has been found to occur naturally in grapes.


Cefadroxil monohydrate

The hydrate that is the monohydrate of the cephalosporin cefadroxil.


Astringin

A stilbenoid that is piceatannol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


Bambuterol

A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.


Filipin III

A macrolide that is the major component of a mixture of four isomeric polyene macrolides isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis.


alpha-Hederin

A triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus.


Bongkrekic acid

A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.


alpha-Methyltryptamine

A tryptamine derivative having a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.


Diflorasone

The 16beta-analogue of flumethasone. It is used as the 17,21-diacetate as a topical anti-inflammatory and antipruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders.


Liraglutide

A lipopeptide that is an analogue of human GLP-1 in which the lysine residue at position 27 is replaced by arginine and a hexadecanoyl group attached to the remaining lysine via a glutamic acid spacer. Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


tetracyclines

A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.


Quercetagetin

A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.


Bryostatin 1

A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.


Trierixin

A 21-membered macrocycle isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp.AC654. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.


depsipeptide

A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.


Triptorelin

An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-tryptophyl, leucyl, arginyl, prolyl and glycinamide residues joined in sequence. It is an agonist analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.


Semaxanib

An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.


An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of L-lysine; major species at pH 7.3.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.


Eriodictyol

A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.


poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)

A poly(ethylene glycol) compound terminated with methacrylate groups.


1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanamine, N,N'-bis((2-chlorophenyl)methyl)-, dihydrochloride, trans-


beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid

A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.


O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol

A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.


Etazolate

A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.


Rocaglamide

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8b, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 8, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at position 3a, a phenyl group at position 3 and a N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group at position 1. Isolated from Aglaia odorata and Aglaia duperreana, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


Saxagliptin hydrate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of anhydrous saxagliptin. Used for the treatment of Type II diabetes.


Bosutinib

An aminoquinoline that is 4-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino]-7-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy]quinoline bearing additional cyano and methoxy substituents at positions 3 and 6 respectively.


Olodaterol

A member of the class of benzoxazine that is 6-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a (1R)-1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) for long-term treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.


3-Hydroxybenzoic acid

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Taxus baccata. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticisers, resins, pharmaceuticals, etc.


2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid monocyclohexyl ester


Phosphoric acid, 2-methylphenyl diphenyl ester


Borane

The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.


alpha-Tocopheryloxyacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol in which the hydroxy group at position 6 is replaced by a carboxymethoxy group. It is a nonhydrolyzable ether analog of vitamin E that exhibits anticancer properties.


An aromatic ether that is diphenyl ether substituted at position 4 by a bromo group.


A member of the class of thiocyanates that is 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by the sulfur of a cyanosulfanediyl (-SC#N) group. It has been found to induce the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, BiP, a highly conserved member of the 70 kDa heat shock protein family) leading to an attenuation of the unfolded protein response. It protects neuronal cells and retinal cells from endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress induced cell death.


Corynoline

A benzophenanthridine alkaloid that is chelidonine substituted by a methyl group at position 13. Isolated from the aerial parts of Corydalis incisa, it acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and also exhibits antineoplastic and hepatoprotective activity.


A member of the class of imidazoles carrying 4-hydroxycyclohexyl, 4-fluorophenyl and 2-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl substituents at positions 1, 4 and 5 respectively.


A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside in which the nucleobase component is specified as adenine.


3-Mercaptopropionic acid

A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.


An organobromine compound that is dibenzodioxine carrying four bromo substituents at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8.


Stanozolol

An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.


Perillaldehyde

An aldehyde that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde substituted by a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.


Nevadensin

A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 8 and 4' and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 respectively.


Protio

The stable isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 1.007825 and a natural abundance of 99.9885 atom percent (from Greek pirhoomegatauomicronsigma, first).


Cucurbitacin E

A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 1, 5 and 23.


Goralatide

A tetrapeptide that is Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro in which the N-terminal amino group carries an acetyl group. It is selective inhibitor of primitive haematopoietic cell proliferation and exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic properties.


A 1,2-thiazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom and a chlorine at C-5. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the major active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).


Erucic Acid

A docosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at C-13. It is found particularly in brassicas - it is a major component of mustard and rapeseed oils and is produced by broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, and wallflowers.


An aryl thiol that is thiophenol substituted at position 2 by an amino group.


beta-EUDESMOL

A carbobicyclic compound that is trans-decalin substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 by 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, methyl and methylidene groups, respectively (the 2R,4aR,8aS-diastereoisomer).


Propachlor

An anilide that consists of 2-chloroacetanilide bearing an N-isopropyl substituent.


Proferrin

An iron oxide of nanoparticulate size and poor crystallinity. It is a mineral commonly found in soil and freshwater environments and forms a core structural component in the Fe-buffering ferritin protein. It is also used in the sequestration of heavy element contaminants, and is a precursor of haematite and goethite.


Indole-3-butyric acid

A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.


5H-Indeno(1,2-C)isoquinoline-9-sulfonamide, 6,11-dihydro-N-(3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl)-5-oxo-, methanesulfonate (1:1)


A diamine in which the two amino groups are substituted into toluene at the 2- and 5-positions.


Kurarinol

A trihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7, 2' and 4' , a methoxy group at position 5 and a (2S)-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexyl group at position 8 respectively.


1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone (9CI)

A vinyl polymer composed of repeating -CH2-CR- units where R is a 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group.


Ethambutol

An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.


3-bromoacetylamino benzoic acid ethyl ester


Jaceosidin

A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone with hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and methoxy groups at positions 3' and 6. Isolated from Salvia tomentosa and Artemisia asiatica, it exhibits anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis inducing activties.


Harman

An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.


Hycanthone

A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.


A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). An experimental compound which was being developed for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.


Altenusin

A carboxybiphenyl that is [biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 3, 4' and 5', methoxy group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 2'. It is a a metabolite isolated from Alternaria  and several other fungal species.


Motixafortide

A heterodetic cyclic peptide that has antineoplastic activity. It is a CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.8 nM and is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of hematological malignancies, solid tumors, and stem cell mobilization. It was granted orphan drug designation by the FDA for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in 2019.


Camostat

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.


peptide nucleic acid

Nucleic acids where the sugar-phosphate backbone has been replaced by a neutral polyamide backbone such as N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine units.


cudratricusxanthone A

A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 6 and 8, an isoprenyl group at position 1 and a 2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl group at position 5. It is isolated from the root barks of Cudrania tricuspidata and exhibits cytotoxicity towards human cancer cell lines.


Dihydrolipoic acid

A  thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.


A member of the class of maleimides carrying 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino and 2-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


Epothilone A

An epithilone that is epothilone C in which the double bond in the macrocyclic lactone ring has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the 13R,14S diastereoisomer).


2-Hydroxyoleic acid

A 2-hydroxy fatty acid that is  oleic acid  which carries a hydroxy group at position 2. It is an orally bioavailable synthetic hydroxylated fatty acid which modulates the lipid content of cancer cell membranes and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several cancer cell lines.


A member of the class of benzofurans consisting of a 1-benzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


Metanil yellow

An organic sodium salt having 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used in one variant of Masson's trichrome to stain collagen yellow in contrast to the red muscle, but is not in common used.


A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by an amino group at position 2, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 6, and by a (tert-butylcarbamoyl)nitrilo group at position 7. It is a selective ATP competitive inhibitor of the human fibroblast growth factor-1 receptor (FGFR1) tyrosine kinase with an IC50 of 52.4 nM.


Metolazone

A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.


Plaunotol

A diterpenoid that is geranylgeraniol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 18.


A primary amino compound that is p-phenylenediamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group. It is a cosmetic hair dye intermediate that is used in permanent hair colouring products (diluted 1:1 with an oxidising agent prior to application).


Thallium(I) acetate

An acetate salt comprising equal numbers of acetate and thallium ions.


Anthraquinone

An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.


Iberin

An isothiocyanate that is 1-isothiocyanatopropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methylsulfinyl group. A glucosinolate hydrolysis product found in many members of the Brassicaceae family, it is a quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI) of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Quinazoline

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


Goitrin

A 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has S-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis.


Linalyl acetate

A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender.


Quizartinib

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the amino groups has been substituted by a 5-tert-butyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group while the other has been substituted by a phenyl group substituted at the para- position by an imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazol-2-yl group that, in turn, is substituted at position 7 by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy group.


anticholesteremic drug

A substance used to lower plasma cholesterol levels.


Stachydrine

An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.


Fominoben

Any compound containing morpholine as part of its structure.


Maculosin

A  homodetic cyclic peptide that is a dipeptide composed of L-proline and L-tyrosine joined by peptide linkages.


Pentane

A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.


Tectoridin

A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is  tectorigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


Linezolid

An organofluorine compound that consists of 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one bearing an N-3-fluoro-4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl group as well as an acetamidomethyl group at position 5. A synthetic antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to a site on 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit and prevents further formation of a functional 70S initiation complex.


A C-nitro compound in which the nitro group is attached at C-4 of m-cresol.


(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5-yl)-ethyl methyl carbamate


Asperuloside

A iridoid monoterpenoid glycoside isolated from Galium verum.


gamma-Valerolactone

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 5. It has been found in the urine samples of humans exposed to n-hexane.


Procyanidin B3

A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (+)-catechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in alpha-configuration. It can be found in red wine, in barley, in beer, in peach or in Jatropha macrantha, the Huanarpo Macho.


A member of the class of pryrazoles that is 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid in which the primary amino group has been acylated by a 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl group and in which the carboxylic acid has been converted into a carboxamide by formal condensation with the primary amino group of 4-aminopiperidine.


N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine

A substituted spermine that is spermine in which a hydrogen attached to each of the primary amino groups has been replaced by an ethyl group.


Fluazifop-butyl

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol.


Dehydrocostus lactone, (-)-

An organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone.


A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.


Carboxy-ptio

A mmeber of the class of imidazolines and organic radical that is 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-3lambda(5)-imidazol-1-yl]oxidanyl substituted at position 2 by a 4-carboxyphenyl group.


Oligomycin A

An oligomycin with formula C45H74011. An inhibitor of mitochondrial F1FO ATP synthase that induces apoptosis in a variety of cell types and exhibits antifungal, antitumour, and nematicidal activities, but its clinical application has been limited by poor solubility in water and other biocompatible solvents.


luzindole

A member of the class of indoles that is tryptamine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group while the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a benzyl group.


Sodium propionate

An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.


Ioxitalamic acid

An  organoiodine compound that is 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3 and a (2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl group at position 5. It is used as a contrast medium.


antifungal drug

Any antifungal agent used to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals.


Oroxindin

The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of wogonin.


Barium(2+) dichloride

The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.


Camphor

A cyclic monoterpene ketone that is bornane bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. A naturally occurring monoterpenoid.


Piperidine

An azacycloalkane that is cyclohexane in which one of the carbons is replaced by a nitrogen. It is a metabolite of cadaverine, a polyamine found in the human intestine.


Pinocembrin

A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.


A (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 1, 2 and 5 have S-, S- and R-configuration respectively.


kaempferol 7-O-glucoside

A kaempferol O-glucoside that is  kaempferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


Tubastatin A

A pyridoindole that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole which is substituted on the tetrahydropyridine nitrogen by a methyl group and on the indole nitrogen by a p-[N-(hydroxy)aminocarbonyl]benzyl group. It is a histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor that is selective against all the other isozymes (1000-fold) except HDAC8 (57-fold).


alkaloid

Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is  exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.


4,6-Dioxoheptanoic acid

A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia.


Gallein

A xanthene dye that is fluoran carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 3', 4', 5' and 6'.


Orientin

A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.


Fondaparinux

A synthetic pentasaccharide which, apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, consists of monomeric sugar units which are identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate.


Cephaeline

A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions.


Cabazitaxel

A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 10-deacetylbaccatin III having O-methyl groups attached at positions 7 and 10 as well as an O-(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl group attached at position 13. Acts as a microtubule inhibitor, binds tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly and simultaneously inhibits disassembly.


Trifolin

A beta-D-galactoside compound with a 4',5,7-trihydroxychromen-3-yl group at the anomeric position.


Edifenphos

An organic thiophosphate that is the O-ethyl-S,S-diphenyl ester of phosphorodithioic acid.  Used to control a variety of fungal diseases on rice including blast, ear blight and stem rot. Edifenphos is moderately toxic to mammals and fish but poses more of a risk to aquatic invertebrates.


Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol. It is the anti-oxidative component of peanut seed testa.


Fastigenin

A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7 and 3' and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' respectively.


Ixazomib

A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.


An alkanethiol that is the N-3-aminopropyl derivative of cysteamine. Used as the S-phosphorylated prodrug, amifostine, for cytoprotection in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


Tributyrin

A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.


Pyrithiamine bromide

A pyridinium salt that is 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium having bromide as the counterion.


Poncirin

A  flavanone glycoside that is  4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone attached to a neohesperidose (alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranose) residue via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata and exhibits inhibitory activity against liopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production.


delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid

A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant.


Flutolanil

A member of the class of benzamides, obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 3-(ispropyloxy)aniline.  A fungicide used to control a range of pathogens especially Rhizoctonia spp. on rice, turf and other crops.


An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.


An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.


3,5-Diiodothyropropionic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. An ionotropic analogue of L-thyroxine.


A dimethoxyflavone that is the  5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of chrysin.


Ibufenac

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.


An organobromine compound that is bromobenzene substituted at C-2 and -4 with nitro groups.


Tolazamide

An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.


Idazoxan

A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.


Cholesterol sulfate

A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.


Loxoprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.


Tannic Acid

Any of a group of astringent polyphenolic vegetable principles or compounds, chiefly complex glucosides of catechol and pyrogallol.


A dicarboximide having an endo bridged phthalimide structure, substituted at nitrogen by a 4-(quinolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)benzoyl group.


JTE 607 dihydrochloride

The dihydrochloride salt of JTE-607. It is a cytokine inhibitor which suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). It acts as a pro-drug which is cleaved by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to its active free acid form, which then binds to cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 3 (CPSF3).


3-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene-27,28-dioic acid dimethyl ester


Benzyl cinnamate

The cinnamate ester derived from cinnamic acid and benzyl alcohol. Occuring in Balsam of Peru and Tolu balsam, in Sumatra and Penang benzoin, and as the main constituent of copaiba balsam, it is used in heavy oriental perfumes, as a fixative and as a flavouring agent.


MINOXIDIL

A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.


oxime

Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.


Cobalt(II) acetate

A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is acetate.


Emetine

A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.


beta-Asarone

The cis-isomer of asarone.


2-Methoxybenzoic acid

A  methoxybenzoic acid that is the methyl ether of salicylic acid.


Phosphoramidon

A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.


Glycolipids

Any member of class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar part acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol part may be absent.


Gatifloxacin

A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.


Pyrazophos

A member of the class of pyrazolopyrimidines that is the ethyl ester of 2-[(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy]-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid. A profungicide (by hydrolysis of the thionophosphate group to afford the corresponding 2-hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine fungicide), it is used to control Erysiphe, Helminthosporium and Rhynchospium in cereals.


A dibromophenol that is phenol in which both of the hydrogens that are ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group have been replaced by bromines.


Glucaric acid

The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.


Iopromide

A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.


Tricin

The 3',5'-di-O-methyl ether of tricetin.  Known commonly as tricin, it is a constituent of rice bran and has been found to potently inhibit colon cancer cell growth.


A trihydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin prenylated at C-6.


Remifentanil

A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.


Momelotinib

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{2-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzoic acid with the primary amino group of aminoacetonitrile. It is an ATP-competitive JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 11 nM and 18 nM, respectively. Used for the treatment of patients with intermediate- or high-risk myelofibrosis.


Bisphenol A dimethacrylate

A bisphenol that is bisphenol A condensed with two molecules of methacrylic acid.


Triacetin

A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.


A member of the class of imidazoles carrying tert-butyl, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl and 6-methylpyridin-2-yl substituents at positions 2, 4 and 5 respectively.


Malvidin

An anthocyanidin cation that is delphinidin carrying methyl substituents at positions 3' and 5'.


Cesium chloride

The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.


Ginsenoside Rh2

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


Salsolinol

A 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol that has S-configuration.


Imidazole

An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.


A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine substituted by a 3-oxo-3-(pyridin-4-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 3. An inhibitor of PFKFB3 kinase, an enzyme with a key role in glycolysis.


Undecanal

A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxylic acid group of undecanoic acid. It is a component of essential oils from citrus plants like Citrus reticulata.


Yttrium(III) chloride

The inorganic chloride salt of yttrium(III)


beta-Tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts.


2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is  benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.


An organochlorine compound that is pyridine substituted at position 2 by a chloromethyl group.


Shikimic acid

A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.


A member of the juvenile hormone family of compounds that is the methyl ester of (2E,6E)-9-[(2R)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]-3,7-dimethylnona-2,6-dienoic acid. Juvenile hormone III is found in most insect species.


Trioxsalen

7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.


Alantolactone

A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3.


Spiroxamine

The spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone with 3-[ethyl(propyl)amino]propane-1,2-diol. An inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis, it is a broad spectrum agricultural fungicide used particularly against powdery mildew in the production of cereals, bananas and grapes.


Ochratoxin B

A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid. Ochratoxin B differs from the more naturally abundant ochratoxin A in the absence of the dihydroisocoumarin chlorine atom. It has cytotoxic effects on kidney and liver cells in vitro but only minor effects in vivo, due to its rapid metabolism and excretion.  It inhibits cell proliferation of human liver HepG2 cells at doses as low as 1 mug/ ml but lacks the genotoxic activity of ochratoxin A, even at higher concentrations.


soluble tachyzoite antigen, Toxoplasma gondii


A member of the class of  benzamides  that is a carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(cis-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid with the amino substituent of 5-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-amine. It is an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).


Isoxazole

A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of  isoxazoles.


alkane

An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms.


Methyl farnesoate

A member of the juvenile hormone family of compounds that is the methyl ester of farnesoic acid. Found in several species of crustaceans.


Penthiopyrad

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-penthiopyrad. Used to control rust and Rhizoctonia diseases and also shows activity against grey mould, powdery mildew and apple scab.


Bromoethane

A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses.


A macrolide that is the 7-oxo derivative of zeaenol (the 5Z stereoisomer). Isolated from Fungi, it exhibits cytotoxic, antibacterial and inhibitory activity against NF-kappaB.


Tiazofurin

A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).


Derp2 allergen, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus


Acridine

A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.


Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.


Methyl Isocyanate

The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent.


An organoiodine compound that is acrylic acid in which the vinylic hydrogens at positions 2 and 3 are replaced by mercapto and 4-iodophenyl groups respectively (the Z geoisomer).


Chromate

A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.


flavouring agent

A food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food.


Ginsenoside RG2

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


Danshensu

A (2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (R)-lactic acid substituted at position 3 by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group.


Dichloroacetyl chloride

The acyl chloride obtained by displacement of the hydroxy group of dichloroacetic acid by chloride.


sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate


lactone

Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


alpha helical corticotropin-releasing hormone


Iron-nickel oxide

A mixed metal oxide with formula Fe2NiO4.


Alexidine

An amphipathic bisbiguanide with a structure consisting of two (2-ethylhexyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.


Pyridoxal phosphate gamma-glutamyl hydrazone


N-Oxalylglycine

An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.


A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.


Sophoranone

A dihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 3' and 5' respectively.


Astilbin

A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


Diphenylcyclopropenone

A cyclopropenone compound having phenyl substituents at the 2- and 3-positions.


Lycorine

An  indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it  has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.


Mollugin

A benzochromene that is 2H-benzo[h]chromene which is substituted by two methyl groups at position 2, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a hydroxy group at position 6. Found in the Chinese medical plant Rubia cordifola, It has an anti-cancer effect by inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation. It is also a dual inhibitor of  acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2), but is more selective for the ACAT2 isozyme.


An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of naphthalene.


demethoxyfumitremorgin C

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid, consisting of fumitremorgin C lacking the 9-methoxy substituent.


B/B Homodimerizer

A tertiary amino compound that is 2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine in which the primary ammino groups have each been acylated by condensation with the carboxy group of 2-{3-[(1R)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxypropyl]phenoxy}acetic acid, the hydroxy groups of which have been esterified by condensation with the carboxy group of L-pipecolic acid, the nitrogen of which has been acylated by condensation with (2S)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)butyric acid. It is a synthetic, cell-permeable ligand that can be used to induce homodimerization of fusion proteins containing the DmrB domain.


Cyanidin

An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.


Cilnidipine

A diesterified 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium channel blocker, it is used as an antihypertensive.


Sappanchalcone

A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 4' and a methoxy group at position 2'. Isolated from Caesalpinia sappan, it exhibits neuroprotective and cytoprotective activity.


Natamycin

A macrolide antibiotic that has formula C33H47NO13, produced by several Streptomyces species including Streptomyces natalensis. It exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and used in eye drops, and as a food preservative, and also as a postharvest biofungicide for citrus and other fruit crops.


MARAVIROC

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the primary amino group of (1S)-3-[(3-exo)-3-(3-isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-1-phenylpropylamine. An antiretroviral drug, it prevents the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 and chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) necessary for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 to enter cells.


Isoprene

A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.


antihypertensive agent

Any drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism.


Propham

A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of phenylcarbamic acid. It is a selective herbicide used for the control of annual grasses and some broad-leaf weeds and is also a growth regulator for control of sprouting in stored potatoes.


Inuviscolide

A sesquiterpene lactone that is decahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a methyl group at position 5 and methylidene groups at positions 3 and 8 (the 3aR,4aR,5R,7aS,9aS stereoisomer). Isolated from the aerial parts of Inula hupehensis, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


Primidone

A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an  anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.


Suvorexant

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia.


Dipropyl disulfide

An organic disulfide where the alkyl groups specified are propyl. It is a component of the essential oils obtained from Allium.


Varespladib methyl

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of varespladib with methanol. It is a potential therapy for the treatment of snakebite envenomings in which toxicity depends on the action of PLA2s.


Disodium hexachloroplatinate

An inorganic sodium salt comprising separate sodium cations and octahedral [PtCl6](2-)  anions.


Chromone

The simplest member of the class of chromones that is 4H-chromene with an oxo group at position 4.


alpha-Ergocryptine

Ergotaman bearing hydroxy, isopropyl, and 2-methylpropyl groups at the 12', 2' and 5' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. Ergocryptine discussed in the literature prior to 1967, when beta-ergocryptine was separated from alpha-ergocryptine, is now referred to as alpha-ergocryptine.


alpha-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid

A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is 4-hydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxy group is replaced by a cyano group. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of peptides and oligonucleotides.


Ethion

An organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7).


An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is (13aR)-9,11,12,13,13a,14-hexahydrodibenzo[f,h]pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline substituted at positions 2, 3 and 6 by methoxy groups. It is an alkaloid produced by relatives of the milkweed family and exhibits antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic and antitumorigenic activities.


3,5-dibromo-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


protein-bound polysaccharide K, Basidiomycetes


Kombetin

A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, RS-, RSe-, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively.


Dihydroouabain

A cardenolide glycoside that is ouabain in which the double bond in the lactone ring has been reduced to a single bond. It is a cardiac glycoside and a derivative of ouabain which is used as a sodium pump antagonist and exhibits ionotropic effects.


A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is an mTOR inhibitor and shows anti-tumour properties.


Clenbuterol

A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.


Alsterpaullone

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole.


S-Methylthiocitrulline

An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.


beta-Cyclocitral

A monoterpenoid formally derived from citral by cyclisation. It is a volatile compound produced by a cyanobacteria.


Climbazole

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-climbazole. It is a topically applied antifungal agent used to treat human fungal skin infections.


Licoricidin

A member of the class of hydroxyisoflavans that is R-isoflavan with hydroxy groups at positions 7, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 5 and prenyl groups at positions 6 and 3'. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity.


Batimastat

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.


Benzoxazole

A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.


A member of the class of imidazopyridines that is 4-(1-ethylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol carrying additional 2-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl and [(3S)-piperidin-3-yl]methoxy substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively.


Nonaethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether

A tergitol polymer consisting of nonylbenzene with a nine-membered poly(ethylene glycol) moiety attached at position 4.


Febuxostat

A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.


Aureusidin

A  hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3' and 4' respectively.


Harmalol

A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is hydroxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.


Eleutheroside B

A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.


A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.


Beta-Amyrin

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.


A dinitrobenzene carrying nitro groups at positions 1 and 4.


quinolone antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.


1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid

A naphthoic acid with the carboxy group at position 2 and carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It is a  xenobiotic metabolite produced by the biodegradation of phenanthrene by microorganisms.


Sinefungin

An adenosine that is the the delta-(5'-adenosyl) derivative of ornithine.


Biperiden

A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.


Benzoic acid, 4-(2-(5,6-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-8-phenyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl)-, (E)-

A member of the class of dihydronaphthalenes that is 1,2-dihydronaphthalene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, 4, and 6 by methyl, methyl, phenyl, and 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)vinyl groups, respectively (the E isomer). It is a potent retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARbeta) agonist that acts as an antagonist against RARalpha and RARgamma.


Somatostatine

A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14.


Resacetophenone

A dihydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 4'.


Maslinic Acid

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 and a carboxy group at position 28 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Olea europaea and Salvia canariensis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antineoplastic activity.


Tridemorph

A member of the class of morpholines that is 2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a tridecyl group. The configuration at positions 2 and 6 is unknown or unspecified.


Fluoxastrobin

An oxime O-ether that is the O-methyl oxime of (2-{[6-(2-chlorophenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)(5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)methanone. A fungicide used for disease control of potatoes and a wide range of vegetables.


N-Arachidonoyl-L-Alanine

An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-alanine with the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.


Benznidazole

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which has been substituted at position 5 by a 4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl group, the nitrogen of which has been acylated by a (6-methylpyridin-2-yl)acetyl group. An orally bioavailable PERK inhibitor.


Docebenone

A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.


Beraprost

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.


4-Hydroxybutanoic acid

A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.


An organobromine compound that consists of pentanedinitrile bearing bromo and bromomethyl substituents at position 2.


Pazopanib

A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.


estradiol, norethindrone drug combination


Oxalacetic acid

An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.


1-Hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-7-phenyl-1-hepten-1-yl)-1-cyclohexane acetate sodium salt


Thiamylal

A member of the class of  barbiturates that is 2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by a pentan-2-yl and prop-2-en-1-yl group at position 5.


Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives.


Cinacalcet

A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.


3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-, diethyl ester

A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.


3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate

A carbamate ester that is carbamic acid in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a butyl group and in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group is replaced by a 1-iodoprop-2-yn-3-yl group. A fungicide, it is used as a preservative and sapstain control chemical in wood products and as a preservative in adhesives, paints, latex paper coating, plastic, water-based inks, metal working fluids, textiles, and numerous consumer products.


A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.


S-Benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate

A thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and O-phospohorylation.


A member of the class of dihydronaphthalenes that is 1,2-dihydronaphthalene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, 4, and 6 by methyl, methyl, phenylethynyl, and 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)vinyl groups, respectively (the E isomer).


Aztreonam

A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.


A member of the class of  formamidines that is N-methylimidoformamide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom has been replaced by a  2,4-dimethylphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the insecticide amitraz.


An aromatic alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.


Isonicotinamide

A pyridinecarboxamide that is the monocarboxylic acid amide derivative of  isonicotinic acid.


Dicamba

A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.


Cepharanthine

A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.


spiro compound

A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings.


EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor

An EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17).


Betadex

A cyclodextrin composed of seven alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.


A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which carboxymethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.


Isophthalic acid

A benzenedicarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by carboxy groups at position 1 and 3. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and terephthalic acids.


cyclic GMP-AMP

A cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclised via 3',5'- and 2',5'-linkages respectively.


Pramipexole

A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.


A pyridopyrimidine that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by (3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl groups and at position 5 by a 3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyphenyl group. It is an mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2) dual inhibitor [mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin].


Myxothiazol

A 2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole substituted at the 4-position with a (1E,3S,4R,5E)-7-amino-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-7-oxohepta-1,5-dien-1-yl] group and at the 2'-position with a (2S,3E,5E)-7-methylocta-3,5-dien-2-yl group. It is an inhibitor of coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase.


Colfosceril palmitate

A phosphatidylcholine 32:0 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl). A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of pulmonary surfactants.


Brazilin

A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a red pigment obtained from the wood of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazil-wood) or Caesalpinia sappan (sappan-wood).


Leucine

The L-enantiomer of leucine.


Helioxanthin

A furonaphthodioxole that is furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-7(9H)-one substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at posiiton 10. It is a inhibitor of HBV, HCV and HSV-1 viruses.


Lixisenatide

A forty-four membered polypeptide consisting of L-His, Gly, L-Glu, Gly, L-Thr, L-Phe, L-Thr, L-Ser, L-Asp, L-Leu, L-Ser, L-Lys, L-Gln, L-Met, L-Glu, L-Glu, L-Glu, L-Ala, L-Val, L-Arg, L-Leu, L-Phe, L-Ile, L-Glu, L-Trp, L-Leu, L-Lys, L-Asn, Gly, Gly, LPro, L-Ser, L-Ser, Gly, L-Ala, L-Pro, L-Pro, L-Ser, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, and L-Lys-NH2 residues joined in sequence. Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with type II diabetes.


N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid

An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-pentylcinnamoyl group. It is a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blocker and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor.


Canadine

A berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10.


Phenyl benzoate

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with benzoic acid.


Propyzamide

A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-amine. It is used as a systemic post-emergent herbicide for the control grass and broadleaf weeds in a wide range of in a wide variety of fruit and root crops.


Pentacene

An acene that consists of five ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate

A hydrate consisting of sodium thiosulfate with 5 mol eq. of water.


A methylquinoline carrying a methyl substituent at position 4.


Remdesivir

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-[(S)-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-cyano-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy}(phenoxy)phosphoryl]-L-alanine with the hydroxy group of 2-ethylbutan-1-ol. A broad-spectrum antiviral prodrug with potent in vitro antiviral activity against a diverse panel of RNA viruses such as Ebola virus, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. It is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of Covid-19 in adults.


N-Palmitoylsphingosine

A N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).


Isobutane

An alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


An  indole alkaloid that is canthin-6-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9. Isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


omega-hydroxy fatty acid

Any member of the class of naturally-occurring straight-chain fatty acids n carbon atoms long with a carboxyl group at position 1 and a hydroxyl at position n (omega).


Tazarotenic acid

A thiochromane that is acetylene in which the hydrogens are replaced by 5-carboxypyridin-2-yl and 4,4-dimethylthiochroman-6-yl groups. It is the active form of the prodrug tazarotene.


Tepoxalin

A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]propanoic acid with the amino group of N-methylhydroxylamine. It is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation caused by musculoskeletal disorders such as hip dysplasia and arthritis in dogs.


Perflubron

A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.


Taraxasterol

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


Propazine

A  diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.


A methylcatechol carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by some bacteria capable of degrading nitroaromatic compounds present in pesticide-contaminated soil samples.


Talmapimod

An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-3-[(dimethylamino)(oxo)acetyl]-1-methylindole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group  of (2S,5R)-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2,5-dimethylpiperazine. It is a potent inhibitor of MAPK and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


Undecylenic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.


A polynucleotide comprised of guanosine units connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages.


Carbimazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.


Lac Dye

A glycoside comprising beta-lactose having a p-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo)phenyl group at the 1-position.


Cefotaxime

A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.


Nicotianamine

The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of  nicotianamine.


Ergocristine

Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.


APETx2 protein, Anthopleura elegantissima


Butanoic acid, diester with 1,2,3-propanetriol

A dibutyrin resulting from the condensation of both of the primary hydroxy groups of glycerol with butyric acid.


Indole-3-acetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.


A 13 amino acid oligopeptide which is the ligand for the apelin receptor (also known as the APJ receptor). It exhibits hypotensive and neuroprotective effects, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for acute ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis.


Pilsicainide

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.


Nitroarginine

An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.


A 77636 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo.


Vatalanib

A member of the class of phthalazines that is phthalazine in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 4have been replaced by a p-chlorophenylamino group and a pyridin-4-ylmethyl group, respectively. It is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for all isoforms of VEGFR, PDGFR and c-Kit.


Cyanuric acid

The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.


Dansylcadaverine

A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.


Nitrapyrin

A chloropyridine that is 2-chloropyridine which is substituted by a trichloromethyl group at position 6. It is a nitrification inhibitor that is co-applied with nitrogen fertilizer in agroecosystems.


Ginsenoside F1

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


Iopamidol

A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.


isoleucyl-glutamyl-threonyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone


Profenamine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.


serine proteinase inhibitor

An exogenous or endogenous compound which inhibits serine endopeptidases.


teratogenic agent

A role played by a chemical compound  in biological systems with adverse consequences in embryo developments, leading to birth defects, embryo death or altered development, growth retardation and functional defect.


Xaliproden

A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.


nucleotide

A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid.


Triphenylphosphine oxide

A phosphine oxide in which the substituents on phosphorus are three phenyl groups.


Ephedrine

A  phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.


Tideglusib

A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.


Monuron

A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.


pyranone

Any of a class of cyclic chemical compounds that contain an unsaturated six-membered ring with one ring oxygen atom and an oxo substituent.


Tautomycin from Streptomyces spiroverticillatus


Protopine

A dibenzazecine alkaloid isolated from Fumaria vaillantii.


Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate

An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.


Tomatidine

A 3beta-hydroxy steroid resulting from the substitution of the 3beta-hydrogen of tomatidane by a hydroxy group.


2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid

The 5-phosphono derivative of 2-aminopentanoic acid; acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist.


tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone


Olomoucine

A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.


Triamcinolone

A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.


Potassium Nitrate

The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.


Cefmenoxime

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, bearing a 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino group at the 7beta-position and a [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the 3-position.


Tiamulin

A carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a 2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl}acetate group. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae.


Edrophonium

A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.


Ibogamine-18-carboxylic acid, 12-methoxy-13-((3alpha)-17-methoxy-17-oxovobasan-3-yl)-, methyl ester


Methyl vanillate

A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of  vanillic acid.


Beta-Elemene

A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is 4,6-diaminoquinazoine in which the one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group at position 4 has been replaced by a m-bromophenyl group while one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group at position 6 has been replaced by a but-2-ynoyl group.


Epothilone B

An epithilone that is epithilone D in which the double bond in the macrocyclic ring has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the S,S stereoisomer).


Lomitapide

A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 9-[4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)butyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluorene-9-carboxamide. Used (as its mesylate salt) as a complement to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.


Benzofuran

A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.


Palladium(II) chloride

A palladium coordination entity consisting of palladium(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.


Little gastrin I

One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence.


Okanin

A member of the class of  chalcones that is  trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4, 2', 3', and 4' respectively.


Euxanthone

A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1 and 7 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from Cratoxylum cochinchinense.


Zoxamide

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-zoxamide.  A fungicide used for the control of various fungal infections including blight in potatoes and tomatoes.


Bonzi

A 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol in which both stereocentres have S configuration.


A member of the class of  phenols carrying an isopropyl group at position 2.


Benzocaine

A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.


Validamycin A

A member of the class of validamycins that is (1R,2S,3S,4S,6R)-4-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 has been converted to its beta-D-glucoside and in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a (1R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl group. It is the major validamycin produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


Rhodotorulic acid

A member of the class of 2,5-diketopiperazines obtained by cyclodimerisation of N(5)-acetyl-N(5)-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


Cefminox

A second-generation cephamycin antibiotic having [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and 2-{[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl}acetamido side-groups located respectively at positions 3 and 7beta of the cephem nucleus. A broad-spectrum bactericide, it is especially effective against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.


Pedalitin

A tetrahydroxy-monohydroxy-flavone, with the four hydroxy groups at C-3',-4',-5 and 6, and the methoxy group at C-7.  It has been isolated from a number of plant species, including Eremosparton songoricum, Rabdosia japonica and Ruellia tuberosa.


Fructo-oligosaccharide DP12/GF11

carbohydrate-based polymers derived from natural sources that can be utilized by certain gastrointestinal tract bacteria but not by the host animal


rubiarbonone C

A pentacyclic triterpenoid of the class of arborinane-type terpenoids isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.


EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor

A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the activity of reverse transcriptase, EC 2.7.7.49, a viral DNA polymerase enzyme that retroviruses need in order to reproduce.


Dodecane

A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).


1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-1H-indole-3-acetic acid 3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl ester


Antipyrine

A  pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.


2-Ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate

A phthalic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy gruops of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-(hydroxymethyl)heptanoic acid. It is a urinary metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate.


Tipranavir

A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.


Eckol

A phlorotannin that is oxanthrene-1,3,6,8-tetrol substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy moiety at position 4. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity.


N-Acetylcysteamine

A member of the class of  acetamides that is the N-acetyl-deriavtive of cysteamine.


Alternariol monomethyl ether

A benzochromenone that is alternariol in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum as well as being one of the two most important compounds belonging to the group of Altenaria mycotoxins.


6,8-diallyl 5,7-dihydroxy 2-(2-allyl 3-hydroxy 4-methoxyphenyl)1-H benzo(b)pyran-4-one


Canertinib

A quinazoline compound having a 3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino group at the 4-position, a propenamido group at the 6-position, and a 3-morpholinopropoxy group at the 7-position.


1-29-Somatoliberin (1-desaminotyrosine,8-glutamine,12-ornithine,15-alpha-aminobutyric ACID,21-ornithine,27-norleucine,28-aspartic ACID,29-agmatine) (human)


Cloxacillin

A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.


DEPTROPINE

An azabicycloalkane that is the 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl ether of tropine.


Amygdalin

An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.


Psoralidin

A member of the class of  coumestans that is  coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively.


flavonolignan

Any lignan condensed with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Bensulfuron-methyl

The methyl ester of bensulfuron. An acetolactate synthase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide for the control of a variety of both annual and perennial weeds in crops, particularly wheat and rice. It is not licensed for use within the UK.


Ceftriaxone

A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.


Flubendazole

A member of the class of mebendazole in which the benzoyl group is replaced by a p-fluorobenzoyl group. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.


Xanthosine

A purine nucleoside in which xanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, amino, fluorine, and cyclohexylamino groups, respectively. It can directly bind to and block the transcription activity of the active forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1), but not the Ser256-phosphorylated form. It induces cell death and growth arrest in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines at low concentrations.


1,3,7,9-Tetramethyluric acid

An oxopurine that is uric acid in which the hydrogens at positions 1,3,7 and 9 are replaced by methyl groups. It is a purine alkaloid that is found in Chinese tea known as kucha (Camellia assamica var. kucha) and exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.


Nimbin

A limonoid found in Azadirachta indica.


High Temperature Requirement A2 Inhibitor I


Pyrrole

A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.


Gramine

An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.


A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.


Thiosemicarbazide

A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.


Bay 41-2272

A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted by a 2-fluorobenzyl group at position 1 and by a 4-amino-5-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase.


detergent

A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) having cleaning properties in dilute solutions.


Eptifibatide

A synthetic homodetic cyclic peptide comprising N(alpha)-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)homoarginyl, glycyl, aspartyl, tryptophyl, prolyl and cysteinamide residues connected in sequence and cyclised via a disulfide bond. Derived from a protein found in the venom of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarus barbouri, eptifibatide is an anti-coagulant that inhibits platelet aggregation by selectively blocking the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, so preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive ligands. It is used in the management of unstable angina and in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty and stenting procedures.


bovine serum albumin-corticosterone conjugate


Carglumic acid

A urea that is the N-carbamoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. An orphan drug used to treat a deficiency in the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase, which leads to acute hyperammonaemia.


Bevantolol

A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.


NeoSTX

A pyrrolopurine that is saxitoxin carrying a hydroxy substituent on the nitrogen atom at position 5. It is a sodium channel blocker that is undergoing clinical trials as a prolonged-duration local anesthetic.


Amikacin

An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.


Methyl isothiocyanate

An isothiocyanate having a methyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is also the active nematicide of the pronematicide metam-sodium.


Nitroflurbiprofen

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of  flurbiprofen with the free hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent showing inhibitory effects against the cyclooxygenases COX1 and COX2.


Lactulose

A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.


Bromate

Any salt that has chlorate, [BrO3](-), as the anionic component.


Fostriecin

A structurally unique, naturally-occurring phosphate monoester isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces pulveraceus. It inhibits DNA topoisomerase II as well as several protein phosphatase including PP2A and PPA4, and exhibits potent antitumor activity against several cancer cell lines.


Alclometasone dipropionate

A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.


Metoxuron

A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. It is a plant growth regulator and a pre- and post-emergence herbicide used for the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds in carrots and cereals (e.g. wheat, barley and rye).


Pexidartinib

A pyrrolopyridine that is 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine which is substituted by a [6-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}amino)pyridin-3-yl]methyl group at position 3. It is a potent multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R, KIT, and FLT3 (IC50 of 20 nM, 10 nM and 160 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT).


Butorphanol

Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.


A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.


A dialkyl ketone with methyl and nonyl as the two alkyl groups.


A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.


Spray-tox

A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(E)-(2-oxodihydrothiophen-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of (5-benzylfuran-3-yl)methanol. It is a pyrethroid ester insecticide used for the control of household pests, particularly houseflies, mosquitoes and cockroaches.


4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside

A xyloside that is beta-D-xylopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.


Penicillin V

A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.


Antracol

A polymeric complex of zinc with the propylene 1,2-bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. A fungicide, it is used to control a wide range of fungal diseases, including downy mildew, brown rot, black rot, red fire, leaf spot, and blight in crops such as grapes, tomatoes, potatoes, berries, citrus, rice and tea.


A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4.


Sulfamic acid

The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.


Cyclopentane

A cycloalkane that consists of five carbons each bonded with two hydrogens above and below the plane. The parent of the class of cyclopentanes.


Bromacil

A racemate consisting of equimolar concentrations of (R)- and (S)-bromacil.


A carboxamide, the structure of which is that of acetamide substituted on carbon by a 2',3-dimethyl-2,4'-bipyridin-5-yl group and on nitrogen by a 5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl group. It is a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable Porcupine inhibitor (a Wnt signalling inhibitor).


Metipranolol

3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.


A glycosylglucose formed by an alpha-(1->6)-linkage between D-galactose and D-glucose.


short-chain fatty acid

An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid.


A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues.


Lorlatinib

A cyclic ether that is 16,17-dihydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecin-15(10H)-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 10R, and by cyano, amino and fluoro groups at positions 3, 7 and 12 respectively. It is a small molecule inhibitor of ALK and ROS1 kinase developed by Pfizer for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer.


membrane transport modulator

Any agent that affects the transport of molecular entities across a biological membrane.


Sophoraflavonoloside

A sophoroside that is kaempferol attached to a beta-D-sophorosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


A pyrrolidin-2-one substituted by 6-carboxyhexyl and 3-hydroxyoctyl groups at positions 1 and 2, respectively. It is a potent prostaglandin EP4 receptor agonist (Ki=35 nM).


Ethylestrenol

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.


Disulfoton

An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.


Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim

A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.


2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 6-(nitrooxymethyl)-2-phenylmethyl ester


Ginsenoside Rh1

A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is (20S)-protopanaxadiol which is substituted by beta-D-glucoside at the 6alpha position.


A member of the of quinazolines that is 4-aminoquinazolin-7-ol in which the amino group at position 4 has been substituted by a 5-[2-(3-fluoroanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-yl group, while the hydroxy group at position 7 has been converted into the corresponding 3-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)aminopropyl ether.


Ethyl hexanoate

A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol.


Ivacaftor

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.


imine

Compounds having the structure RN=CR2 (R = H, hydrocarbyl). Thus analogues of aldehydes or ketones, having NR doubly bonded to carbon; aldimines have the structure RCH=NR, ketimines have the structure R'2C=NR (where R' is not H). Imines include azomethines and Schiff bases. Imine is used as a suffix in systematic nomenclature to denote the C=NH group excluding the carbon atom.


Antalarmin

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM).


Tiliroside

A glycosyloxyflavone that is  kaempferol attached to a  6-O-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


Empagliflozin

A C-glycosyl compound consisting of a beta-glucosyl residue having a (4-chloro-3-{4-[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]benzyl}phenyl group at the anomeric centre. A sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


amidine

Derivatives of oxoacids RnE(=O)OH in which the hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group and the oxo group is replaced by =NR. In organic chemistry an unspecified amidine is commonly a carboxamidine.


Deoxypodophyllotoxin

A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.


Rhamnocitrin

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of  kaempferol.


Phosphorus trichloride

A phosphorus halide with formula Cl3P.


advanced glycation end-product

Carbohydrate derivatives resulting from the non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins. They result in cells becoming stiffer and more prone to damage and premature aging.


Uniconazole

A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at position 1 by a 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-2-yl group.


25-Hydroxyvitamin D2

A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


hydrocarbon

A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


Methylprednisolone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.


Ginsenoside Rf

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


Sufentanil

An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.