anterior lateral line development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The anterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


pigment cell differentiation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.


pronephric duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney.


trigeminal ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


taste bud formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the taste bud from unspecified parts. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


lateral line nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. Lateral line nerves project primarily to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.


cardiac jelly development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac jelly over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac jelly is an acellular gelatinous matrix secreted by the myocardium and plays a central role in the septation of the heart.


endothelial to hematopoietic transition

The generation of hematopoietic stem cells from hemogenic endothelial cells by a process that includes tight-junction dissolution and loss of cell polarity followed by delamination from the endothelium.


regulation of interleukin-13 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.


oxidative DNA demethylase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated nucleobase within DNA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a nucleobase within DNA + formaldehyde + succinate + CO2.


primitive erythrocyte differentiation

Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.


forebrain neuroblast division

The division of a neuroblast located in the forebrain. Neuroblast division gives rise to at least another neuroblast.


elicited macrophage

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A macrophage which develops from an inflammatory monocyte and is recruited into the tissues in response to injury and infection as part of an inflammatory response. Markers include CD11b-positive, CD68-positive, and F4/80-positive.


neural rod formation

The formation of a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.


endodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + lipoamide + H+ = S-succinyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.


An N-glycan residue involved in post-translational modification of proteins.


An N(4)-glycosylated asparagine residue in which the glycan moiety is a branched decasaccharide consisting of eight D-mannosyl residues and two N-acetylglucosamine residues, one of which at the reducing end is bonded to the asparagine N(4) atom.


A nine-membered branched glucosamine oligosaccharide consisting of eight D-mannosyl residues and one N-acetylglucosamine residue (the latter being located at the reducing end). An intermediate glycan structure of glycosylated proteins.


mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Mitochondrial complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).


succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming)

A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP.


succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming)

A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming GTP.


octopamine receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine octopamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Octopamine is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates and can have properties both of a hormone and a neurotransmitter and acts as an adrenergic agonist.


gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + H+(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + H+(in).


positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


CTNS_HUMAN Cystinosin (sprot)

A cystinosin that is encoded in the genome of human.


small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 isoform 1 (mouse)

A small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ochratoxin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ochratoxin A.


zearalenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zearalenone, a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species, is most commonly found as a contaminant in stored grain and has chronic estrogenic effects on mammals.


terrequinone A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrequinone A.


regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.


non-ribosomal peptide synthetase activity

Catalysis of a multistep reaction that produce non-ribosomal peptides. The key chain-building reaction, a C-N bond-forming reaction, involves the generation of the characteristic peptide bond by nucleophilic attack of the amino group of an amino-acyl donor unit covalently bound to a downstream peptidyl carrier protein module (amino acyl-S-PCP) on the acyl group of an upstream electrophilic acyl- or peptidyl acyl-S-PCP chain, catalyzed by a condensation (C) domain. Supplementing these core chain-elongation domains are variable numbers of auxiliary domains that are responsible for modification of the growing polypeptide chain by a small set of iterated reactions including epimerization, N-methylation, and heterocyclization.


transcription regulator activator activity

A molecular function regulator that increases the activity of a transcription regulator via direct binding and/or post-translational modification.


positive regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.


malonyl-CoA

The S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.


Acetyl coenzyme A

An acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component.


Ochratoxin A

A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.


TERREQUINONE A

A bisindole alkaloid that is quinone bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2, a 3,3-dimethylallyl group at position 5 and two indol-3-yl groups at positions 3 and 6, one of which is carrying a 1,1-dimethylallyl group at position 2.


OTAD_ASPNC Flavin-dependent halogenase otaD (sprot)


OTAA_ASPNC Highly reducing polyketide synthase otaA (sprot)


OTAD_ASPC5 Flavin-dependent halogenase otaD (sprot)


ZEA1_GIBZE Non-reducing polyketide synthase ZEA1 (sprot)


TDIE_EMENI Probable methyltransferase tdiE (sprot)


uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

A protein that is a translation product of the human UROD gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


type I iodothyronine deiodinase

A protein that is a translation product of the human DIO1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


type II iodothyronine deiodinase

A protein that is a translation product of the human DIO2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


OTAB_ASPNC Nonribosomal peptide synthetase otaB (sprot)


OTAC_ASPNC Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase otaC (sprot)


OTAB_ASPC5 Nonribosomal peptide synthetase otaB (sprot)


OTAC_ASPC5 Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase otaC (sprot)


OTAA_ASPC5 Highly reducing polyketide synthase otaA (sprot)


ZEB2_GIBZE Transcription factor ZEB2 (sprot)


ZEA2_GIBZE Highly reducing polyketide synthase ZEA2 (sprot)


TDIB_EMENI Indole prenyltransferase tdiB (sprot)


TDIA_EMENI Didemethylasterriquinone D synthetase tdiA (sprot)


TDIC_EMENI Probable NADPH-dependent quinone reductase tdiC (sprot)


protein poly-ADP-ribosylation

The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.


histone H3K deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H3.


SKI_HUMAN Ski oncogene (sprot)

A ski oncogene that is encoded in the genome of human.


AT1B4_HUMAN Protein ATP1B4 (sprot)

A protein ATP1B4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SNW1_HUMAN SNW domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A SNW domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCTD1_HUMAN BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD1 (sprot)

A BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCD15_HUMAN BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD15 (sprot)

A BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SKIL_HUMAN Ski-like protein (sprot)

A ski-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


TGIF1_HUMAN Homeobox protein TGIF1 (sprot)

A homeobox protein TGIF1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TGIF2_HUMAN Homeobox protein TGIF2 (sprot)

A homeobox protein TGIF2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


tumor protein 63 isoform 6 (mouse)

A tumor protein 63 isoform 6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


FOG2_MOUSE Zinc finger protein ZFPM2 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein ZFPM2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


positive regulation of glial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.


negative regulation of glial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.


gliogenesis

The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia.


DEAF1_MOUSE Deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor 1 homolog (sprot)

A deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ETS1_MOUSE Protein C-ets-1 (sprot)

A protein C-ets-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PAX7_MOUSE Paired box protein Pax-7 (sprot)

A paired box protein Pax-7 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


COE3_MOUSE Transcription factor COE3 (sprot)

A transcription factor COE3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


COE2_MOUSE Transcription factor COE2 (sprot)

A transcription factor COE2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


COE1_MOUSE Transcription factor COE1 (sprot)

A transcription factor COE1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


T2FA_MOUSE General transcription factor IIF subunit 1 (sprot)

A general transcription factor IIF subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


IKZF4_MOUSE Zinc finger protein Eos (sprot)

A zinc finger protein Eos that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PROX1_MOUSE Prospero homeobox protein 1 (sprot)

A prospero homeobox protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


zinc finger protein ZFPM2 isoform 1 (mouse)

A zinc finger protein ZFPM2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


neural crest formation

The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.


regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated

Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.


negative regulation of white fat cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


receptor antagonist activity

The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to decrease the ability of the receptor agonist to bind and activate the receptor.


receptor transactivation

The process in which a receptor is activated by another receptor. Receptor transactivation can occur through different mechanisms and includes cross-talk between signaling pathways where one receptor activates a receptor for a different ligand, and also activation of subunits within a receptor oligomer.


Ketoacidosis

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Acidosis resulting from accumulation of ketone bodies.


secondary heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).


nuclear receptor corepressor 2

A protein that is a translation product of the human NCOR2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


nuclear receptor corepressor 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human NCOR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

A protein that is a translation product of the human PPARA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


regulation of double-strand break repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.


negative regulation of angiogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


regulation of oogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


response to X-ray

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


cellular senescence

A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.


apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.


positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


retrotransposon silencing

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of retrotransposition. Retrotransposons are a subset of transposable elements that use an RNA intermediate and reverse transcribe themselves into the genome.


negative regulation of cell division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.


response to methylmercury

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.


armadillo repeat domain binding

Binding to an armadillo repeat domain, an approximately 40 amino acid long tandemly repeated sequence motif first identified in the Drosophila segment polarity protein armadillo. Arm-repeat proteins are involved in various processes, including intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal regulation.


muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


convergent extension involved in organogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ.


SMAD binding

Binding to a SMAD signaling protein.


Spemann organizer formation at the embryonic shield

Formation of the specialized region of the embryonic shield of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the teleost body plan.


axial mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized.


notochord formation

The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.


axial mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


kinesin complex

Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work.


neuromast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


nose development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


positive regulation of cilium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.


Kupffer's vesicle

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995. Kupffer's vesicle has been compared to the mouse embryonic node. Drummond et al, 2005.


SMO_HUMAN Protein smoothened (sprot)

A smoothened that is encoded in the genome of human.


BBS7_HUMAN Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7 protein (sprot)

A Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


TTC8_HUMAN Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 8 (sprot)

A tetratricopeptide repeat protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BBS4_HUMAN Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4 protein (sprot)

A Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


BBIP1_HUMAN BBSome-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

A BBSome-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BBS1_HUMAN Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 protein (sprot)

A Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTHB1_HUMAN Protein PTHB1 (sprot)

A protein PTHB1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SSR3_HUMAN Somatostatin receptor type 3 (sprot)

A somatostatin receptor type 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PKD1_HUMAN Polycystin-1 (sprot)

A polycystin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PKD2_HUMAN Polycystin-2 (sprot)

A polycystin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CYS1_HUMAN Cystin-1 (sprot)

A cystin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPHP3_HUMAN Nephrocystin-3 (sprot)

A nephrocystin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


adult feeding behavior

Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.


Axin-1 isoform 1 (mouse)

An Axin-1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


phosphoamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-phosphocreatine + H2O = creatine + phosphate.


heme B transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of heme B from one side of a membrane to the other.


BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform 1 cleaved 1 (mouse)

A BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform 1 cleaved 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:P70444-1, 61-195.


feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor-related protein 1 isoform m2 (mouse)

A feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor-related protein 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:B2RXV4-2.


retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.


negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.


Inosinic Acid

A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having hypoxanthine as the nucleobase.


A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.


lipoteichoic acid

A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.


A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.


oxidised phospholipid

The oxidised form of phospholipids, and a possible biomarker of atherogenesis.


L-Fucose

The pyranose form of L-fucose.


dextran sulfate

A polymer composed of repeating (1->6)-alpha-linked anhydroglucose sulfate units.


CID 71597331

A family of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from red seaweeds. The name is derived from a common name of red algae Chondrus crispus, "carrageen moss" (Irish moss).


scavenger receptor class B member 1 isoform 1 (human)

A scavenger receptor class B member 1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SRCRL_HUMAN Soluble scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain-containing protein SSC5D (sprot)

A soluble scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain-containing protein SSC5D that is encoded in the genome of human.


SREC_HUMAN Scavenger receptor class F member 1 (sprot)

A scavenger receptor class F member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


STAB1_HUMAN Stabilin-1 (sprot)

A stabilin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


STAB2_HUMAN Stabilin-2 (sprot)

A stabilin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HYOU1_HUMAN Hypoxia up-regulated protein 1 (sprot)

A hypoxia up-regulated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OMPB1_NEIGO Major outer membrane protein P.IB (sprot)


SG3A2_HUMAN Secretoglobin family 3A member 2 (sprot)

A secretoglobin family 3A member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hematite nanoparticle

An iron oxide nanoparticle composed of hematite (Fe2O3).


silicon dioxide nanoparticle

A nanoparticle consisting of silicon dioxide.


titanium dioxide nanoparticle

A nanoparticle consisting of titanium dioxide.


SUH_HUMAN Recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless (sprot)

A recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAMD1_HUMAN Mastermind-like domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A mastermind-like domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAML2_HUMAN Mastermind-like protein 2 (sprot)

A mastermind-like protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAML1_HUMAN Mastermind-like protein 1 (sprot)

A mastermind-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAML3_HUMAN Mastermind-like protein 3 (sprot)

A mastermind-like protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein PML isoform m1 (mouse)

A protein PML (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q60953-1.


histone H3-K27 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 27 of the histone.


WNT11_MOUSE Protein Wnt-11 (sprot)

A protein Wnt-11 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


sentrin-specific protease 2 isoform 2 (mouse)

A sentrin-specific protease 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q91ZX6-2.


VDTA1_BYSSP Non-reducing polyketide synthase VdtA (sprot)


DNA translocase activity

Generation of movement along a single- or double-stranded DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


chromosome, subtelomeric region

A region of the chromosome, adjacent to the telomere (on the centromeric side) that contains repetitive DNA and sometimes genes. This region is usually heterochromatin.


RSC-type complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a bromodomain containing-protein, such as yeast Rsc1 or Rsc4 or mammalian PB1/BAF180. The RSC complex is generally recruited to RNA polymerase III promoters and is specifically recruited to RNA polymerase II promoters by transcriptional activators and repressors; it is also involved in non-homologous end joining.


SWI/SNF complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains 8 to 14 proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of the yeast SNF2 or mammalian SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, or an ortholog thereof.


Ino80 complex

A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity.


H31T_HUMAN Histone H3.1t (sprot)

A histone H3.1t that is encoded in the genome of human.


H33_HUMAN Histone H3.3 (sprot)

A histone H3.3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of adipose tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.


NMNA1_HUMAN Nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


transcription factor Ovo-like 2 isoform 1 (mouse)

A transcription factor Ovo-like 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8CIV7-1.


SC61B_HUMAN Protein transport protein Sec61 subunit beta (sprot)

A protein transport protein Sec61 subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


C-8 sterol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of sterols.


squalene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: presqualene diphosphate + NADPH = squalene + NADP+ + diphosphate.


C-22 sterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the formation of the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain. An example reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.


sterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-alpha-cholest-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylene-5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.


peptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a peptide from one side of a membrane to the other.


3-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol

A hydroxybenzyl alcohol that is phenol substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxymethyl group.


regulated endocrine-specific protein 18 isoform 1 (mouse)

A regulated endocrine-specific protein 18 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


serine/threonine-protein kinase LMTK1 isoform 3 (mouse)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase LMTK1 isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ATP-dependent (S)-NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase isoform m3 (mouse)

An ATP-dependent (S)-NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9CZ42-3.


ceramide synthase isoform 3 (mouse)

A ceramide synthase (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q7TNV1-3.


ceramide synthase isoform 2 (mouse)

A ceramide synthase isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CR3L4_MOUSE Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 7 isoform 1 (mouse)

A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 7 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:A2AJ88-1.


patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 7 isoform 2 (mouse)

A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 7 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:A2AJ88-2.


patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 7 isoform 3 (mouse)

A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 7 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:A2AJ88-3.


PATI_PENEN Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase patI (sprot)


PATH_PENEN Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase patH (sprot)


MPAB2_PENBR ER-bound oxygenase mpaB' (sprot)


MPDE2_PENBR Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase mpaDE' (sprot)


TAP2_HUMAN Antigen peptide transporter 2 (sprot)

An antigen peptide transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


paired box protein Pax-6 isoform 3 sumoylated 1 (mouse)

A paired box protein Pax-6 isoform 3 sumoylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:P63015-3, Lys-91, MOD:01149.


epigenetic programming in the zygotic pronuclei

The global programming of epigenetic modifications in the zygote following fertilization. The paternal genome undergoes active DNA demethylation before the first cell division, while the adjacent maternal genome is protected from this process.


negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


CCND2_HUMAN G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (sprot)

A G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCND3_HUMAN G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 (sprot)

A G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A member of the class of hydroxyindoles that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


female organism

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.


vacuole-mitochondrion membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between the vacuolar membrane and the mitochondrial outer membrane, important for transfer of lipids between the two organelles.


endoplasmic reticulum-vacuole membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and lytic vacuole membranes, structured by bridging complexes.


protein transport to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.


viral DNA genome replication

The replication of a viral DNA genome.


positive regulation of mitophagy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy.


cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


ZRAN1_HUMAN Ubiquitin thioesterase ZRANB1 (sprot)

A ubiquitin thioesterase ZRANB1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


photoreceptor cell development

Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light.


post-embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the post-embryonic life stage.


leukocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


positive regulation of protein processing

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.


regulation of axonogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.


noradrenergic cell

A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme.


motor neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


regulation of neuromuscular junction development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development.


regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation.


peripheral nervous system neuron

A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system.


basket cell

Basket cells are inhibitory GABAergic interneurons of the brain. In general, dendrites of basket cells are free branching and contain smooth spines. Axons are highly branched. The branched axonal arborizations give rise to basket-like structures that surround the soma of the target cell. Basket cells form axo-somatic synapses, meaning their synapses target somas of other cells.


roundabout homolog 3 isoform ROBO3.2 (mouse)

A roundabout homolog 3 (mouse) that has a unique C-terminal sequence due to retention of the intron between exons 26 and 27.


roundabout homolog 3 isoform ROBO3.1 (mouse)

A roundabout homolog 3 (mouse) that has a C-terminal sequence that includes the region encoded by exons 26, 27 and 28. The resulting 78 amino acid peptide is highly enriched in arginine/serine dipeptide repeats.


reticulon-4 isoform A (mouse)

A reticulon-4 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q99P72-2.


yolk

Nutrient store for embryonic development in the form of semicrystalline phospholipoprotein and contained within yolk granules. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cortical microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.


invagination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The infolding of the epithelial sheet into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


negative regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly.


regulation of germ cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.


yolk syncytial layer development

The progression of the yolk syncytial layer over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The yolk syncytial layer is the peripheral layer of the yolk cell including nuclei and non-yolky cytoplasm.


epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


regulation of peptidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


Q6DR99_MOUSE Pro-neuregulin-1, membrane-bound isoform (trembl)

A pro-neuregulin-1, membrane-bound isoform (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q6DR99.


SLIT2_HUMAN Slit homolog 2 protein (sprot)

A slit homolog 2 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


DCD_HUMAN Dermcidin (sprot)

A dermcidin that is encoded in the genome of human.


gamma-secretase complex

A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity and contains a presenilin catalytic subunit (either PSEN1 or PSEN2), an APH1 subunit (multiple genes and splice variants exist), nicastrin (NCT), and presenilin enhancer (aka PEN-2 or Psenen), as the core complex. Variants of the complex with different subunit compositions differ in localization and specific substrates. Additionally, variants of the complex exist that contain a additional regulatory subunit as well as the four core subunits; known regulatory subunits include gamma-secretase-activating protein (aka gSAP), TMP1 (aka TMED10), and CD147 antigen (aka basigin). Gamma-secretase cleaves type I transmembrane protein substrates, including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.


protein unfolding

The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.


mitochondrial genome maintenance

The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine = galactose-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.


galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a galactosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


pseudohyphal growth

The process in which cells grow as a chain of physically attached, elongated cells in response to an environmental stimulus or stimuli.


invasive filamentous growth

The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells into a substrate.


intracellular potassium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of potassium ions within a cell.


CHM2A_HUMAN Charged multivesicular body protein 2a (sprot)

A charged multivesicular body protein 2a that is encoded in the genome of human.


GOSR1_HUMAN Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 (sprot)

A Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BET1L_HUMAN BET1-like protein (sprot)

A BET1-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


STX18_HUMAN Syntaxin-18 (sprot)

A syntaxin-18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


USE1_HUMAN Vesicle transport protein USE1 (sprot)

A vesicle transport protein USE1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VAMP3_HUMAN Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (sprot)

A vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


STX10_HUMAN Syntaxin-10 (sprot)

A syntaxin-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CHMP7_HUMAN Charged multivesicular body protein 7 (sprot)

A charged multivesicular body protein 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CHMP6_HUMAN Charged multivesicular body protein 6 (sprot)

A charged multivesicular body protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CHMP3_HUMAN Charged multivesicular body protein 3 (sprot)

A charged multivesicular body protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IST1_HUMAN IST1 homolog (sprot)

An IST1 homolog that is encoded in the genome of human.


VPS4A_HUMAN Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A (sprot)

A vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A that is encoded in the genome of human.


CHM4B_HUMAN Charged multivesicular body protein 4b (sprot)

A charged multivesicular body protein 4b that is encoded in the genome of human.


C2D1B_HUMAN Coiled-coil and C2 domain-containing protein 1B (sprot)

A coiled-coil and C2 domain-containing protein 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


CHM2B_HUMAN Charged multivesicular body protein 2b (sprot)

A charged multivesicular body protein 2b that is encoded in the genome of human.


CHM4C_HUMAN Charged multivesicular body protein 4c (sprot)

A charged multivesicular body protein 4c that is encoded in the genome of human.


CHM4A_HUMAN Charged multivesicular body protein 4a (sprot)

A charged multivesicular body protein 4a that is encoded in the genome of human.


ASCC2_HUMAN Activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 2 (sprot)

An activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GDP-mannose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate

A D-mannose 1-phosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


Hydrochloric Acid

A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


US06_HCMVA Unique short US6 glycoprotein (sprot)


Golgi apparatus mannose trimming

Any protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation that takes place in the Golgi apparatus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + H+ + UDP.


endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment

A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.


An N(4)-glycosylated asparagine residue in which the glycan moiety is a branched nonasaccharide consisting of seven D-mannosyl residues and two N-acetylglucosamine residues, one of which at the reducing end is bonded to the asparagine N(4) atom.


MA1A2_HUMAN Mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IB (sprot)

A mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IB that is encoded in the genome of human.


MA1A1_HUMAN Mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IA (sprot)

A mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IA that is encoded in the genome of human.


MA1C1_HUMAN Mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IC (sprot)

A mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IC that is encoded in the genome of human.


inosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.


AMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


dGMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).


xanthine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


GMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


IMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IMP, inosine monophosphate.


dAMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).


guanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


hypoxanthine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


deoxyguanosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


deoxyinosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


RL4_MOUSE Large ribosomal subunit protein uL4 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


HMGB2_MOUSE High mobility group protein B2 (sprot)

A high mobility group protein B2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


3BP2_MOUSE SH3 domain-binding protein 2 (sprot)

An SH3 domain-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


KNDC1_MOUSE Kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PTPRO_MOUSE Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase O (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase O that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


3BP1_MOUSE SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the Sh3bp1 gene in mouse.


PO2F2_MOUSE POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 2 (sprot)

A POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ERMES complex

A protein complex that links the endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and may have a role in promoting exchange of calcium and phospholipids between the two organelles.


apoptotic process in response to mitochondrial fragmentation

Any apoptotic process that occurs as a result of mitochondrial fragmentation.


D-mannose 6-phosphate

A mannose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached to position 6.


Golgi medial cisterna

The middle Golgi cisterna (or cisternae).


positive regulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur (S) atom within a cysteine residue to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.


protein localization to membrane raft

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a membrane raft.


structural constituent of virion

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a virion.


estrogen receptor isoform h3 (human)

An estrogen receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P03372-3.


ESR2_HUMAN Estrogen receptor beta (sprot)

An estrogen receptor beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZDH20_HUMAN Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC20 (sprot)

A palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC20 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HMOX1_HUMAN Heme oxygenase 1 (sprot)

A heme oxygenase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HM13_HUMAN Minor histocompatibility antigen H13 (sprot)

A minor histocompatibility antigen H13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of calcium ions into a sarcoplasmic reticulum.


cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle

Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


phagolysosome

A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by maturation of an early phagosome following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; during maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes.


4-Nitrophenyl butyrate

A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 4-nitrophenol with the carboxy group of butyric acid.


Presqualene monophosphate

A triterpenyl phosphate that is presqualene in which the hydroxy hydrogen has been replaced by a monophosphate group.


diketone

A compound that contains two ketone functionalities.


Pseudouridine

A C-glycosyl pyrimidine that consists of uracil having a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue attached at position 5. The C-glycosyl isomer of the nucleoside uridine.


NLRP3 inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex that consists of three components, NLRP3 (NALP3), PYCARD and caspase-1. It is activated upon exposure to whole pathogens, as well as a number of structurally diverse pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and environmental irritants. Whole pathogens demonstrated to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex include the fungi Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacteria that produce pore-forming toxins, including Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, and viruses such as Sendai virus, adenovirus, and influenza virus.


cellular response to BMP stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.


perichondral bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial connective tissue surrounding cartilage into bone.


descending aorta development

The progression of the descending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.


SAMD1_HUMAN Sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZFY16_HUMAN Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 (sprot)

A zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AMPA glutamate receptor clustering

The glutamate receptor clustering process in which alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


GATA6_HUMAN Transcription factor GATA-6 (sprot)

A transcription factor GATA-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EOMES_HUMAN Eomesodermin homolog (sprot)

An eomesodermin that is encoded in the genome of human.


TBXT_HUMAN T-box transcription factor T (sprot)

A T-box transcription factor T that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIXL1_HUMAN Homeobox protein MIXL1 (sprot)

A homeobox protein MIXL1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSC_HUMAN Homeobox protein goosecoid (sprot)

A homeobox protein goosecoid that is encoded in the genome of human.


FOXA2_HUMAN Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta (sprot)

A hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


SOX17_HUMAN Transcription factor SOX-17 (sprot)

A transcription factor SOX-17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of protein processing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, a protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.


negative regulation of protein processing

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.


ADAM3_MOUSE A disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 3 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the Adam3 gene in mouse.


regulation of protein secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.


negative regulation of protein secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.


serine protease inhibitor complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains a serine protease inhibitor and a protease; formation of the complex inhibits serine protease activity.


connexin complex

An assembly of six molecules of connexin, made in the Golgi apparatus and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, where docking of two connexons on apposed plasma membranes across the extracellular space forms a gap junction.


spinal cord ependyma

The ependymal cell layer that lines the spinal cord.


voltage-gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


gap junction hemi-channel activity

A wide pore channel activity that enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a gap junction hemi-channel. Two gap junction hemi-channels coupled together form a complete gap junction.


caudal fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. A caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish, and is the main fin used for propulsion.


embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton.


cell communication

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


medial fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a medial fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission.


positive regulation of angiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.


Q8K3G7_MOUSE Reticulon (trembl)

A reticulon-4 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8K3G7.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor that is a translation product of the human KDR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1

A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor that is a translation product of the human FLT1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


vascular element of right lung

A vascular plexus that is part of a right lung.


vascular element of left lung

A vascular plexus that is part of a left lung.


negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


cranial ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


hatching behavior

The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.


dendrite self-avoidance

The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell.


inferior olivary complex

Largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata. It is closely associated with the cerebellum, but its specific function is voluntary body movements.


autonomic neuron

A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion.


primary sensory neuron (sensu Teleostei)

A primary neuron (sensu Teleostei) that has a sensory function.


positive regulation of programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


Cyperquat

A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.


A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.


Histamine

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted at position C-4 by a 2-aminoethyl group.


Estrone sulfate

A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfate of estrone.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.


Coumestrol

A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.


An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.


Glyburide

An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.


An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish.


A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.


Phenylephrine

A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.


Ascorbic Acid

The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.


Hymecromone

A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone substituted by a methyl group at position 4.


oxalate

A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid.


Resveratrol

A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.


Zearalenone

A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.


Glycitein

A  methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis.


Menadione

A member of the class of 1,4-naphthoquinones that is 1,4-naphthoquinone which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. It is used as a nutritional supplement and for the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia.


Bisphenol A

A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.


Benzo[a]pyrene

An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.


Ethinyl estradiol

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a  xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.


Diethylstilbestrol

An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.


Genistein

A 7-hydroxyisoflavone with additional hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4'. It is a phytoestrogenic isoflavone with antioxidant properties.


Permethrin

A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester in which the esterifying alcohol is 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and the cyclopropane ring is substituted with a 2,2-dichlorovinyl group and with gem-dimethyl groups.


Mercuric Chloride

A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.


Chlorpyrifos

An  organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.


Deltamethrin

A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide tralomethrin.


Vinclozolin

A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.


Chlordecone

An  organochlorine compound with insecticidal activity.


Atrazine

A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6 while one of hydrogens of each amino group is replaced respectively by an ethyl and a propan-2-yl group.


Cadmium Chloride

A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.


Arsorite

An arsenite ion resulting from the removal of all three protons from the hydroxy groups of arsenous acid.


Triclosan

An aromatic ether that is phenol which is substituted at C-5 by a chloro group and at C-2 by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. It is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as soaps, skin creams, toothpaste and deodorants as well as in household items such as plastic chopping boards, sports equipment and shoes.


A sulfone that is diphenyl sulfone in which both of the para hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups.


Endosulfan

A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.


Cobalt chloride

A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.


T-2 Toxin

A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals.


Dieldrin

An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.


A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.


Methyltestosterone

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.


Bisphenol AF

An organofluorine compound that is  bisphenol A with its methyl hydrogens replaced by fluorines.


Pentachlorophenol

A  chlorophenol that is phenol substituted by 5 chloro groups.


An aryl sulfide that is (2Z,3Z)-bis[amino(sulfanyl)methylidene]butanedinitrile in which the sulfanyl hydrogens are replaced by 2-aminophenyl groups. An inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase that also exhibits anti-cancer properties.


Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


Hexachlorobenzene

A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.


p,p'-DDE

A chlorophenylethylene that is ethylene substituted by two 4-chlorophenyl groups at position 1 and two chlorine atoms at position 2.


Geraniol

A monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end.


Nickel Chloride

A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.


Warfarin

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.


Naringenin

The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.


A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.


Clofenotane

A chlorophenylethane that is 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-diphenylethane substituted by additional chloro substituents at positions 4 of the phenyl substituents. It is a commonly used organochlorine insecticide.


Raloxifene hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines.


Daidzein

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 4'.


Estriol

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 16 and 17 (16alpha,17beta-stereoisomer).


An aromatic ether that is 4-methoxyphenol in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a tert-butyl group.


Heptachlor

A cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene substituted by chlorine atoms at positions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8. Formerly used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations.


Bromochlorodifluoromethane

A one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by two fluorines, a bromine, and a chlorine. Widely used in 'vapourising liquid'-type fire extinguishers, its use is now generally banned under the Montreal Protocol (ozone-depleting substances), although it is still used in certain applications (e.g. aviation).


Phthalic acid

A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.


Oxido(dioxo)vanadium

A vanadium oxoanion in which a central vanadium is divalently bound to two oxygens and monovalently bound to a hydroxide.


Geldanamycin

An ansamycin consisting of a 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It shows antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.


A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.


Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.


Kaempferol

A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment.


Toxaphene

A highly complex mixture of several hundred polychlorinated compounds obtained by chlorination of camphene to an overall chlorine content of 67-69% by weight and having an overall empirical formula of C10H10Cl8 (including optical isomers, it could theoretically contain over 32,000 congeners). Toxaphene was used from the mid-1940s as an agricultural insecticide (mostly in the USA, particularly on corn and soybeans). Use increased with the phasing out of DDT in the 1970s (it became the most heavily manufactured pesticide in the US) but it is now banned due to concerns about toxicity and carcinogenicity. Total production since its first use is estimated at around 500,000 tons. In the environment, most of the components of toxaphene get metabolised, but from 10 to >100 resist biodegradation, depending on the medium and the specialisation of the enzyme system. Breathing, drinking or eating high levels of toxaphene can damage the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system.


Eugenol

A phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis.


Aldrite

An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.


Luteolin

A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3', 4', 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers.


Apigenin

A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4', 5 and 7.  It induces autophagy in leukaemia cells.


Alachlor

An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.


Metformin

A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.


Coppertrace

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of copper(II) chloride. It occurs naturally as the mineral eriochalcite.


Naphthalene

An aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia.


A bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups.


Guaiacol

A  monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.


alpha-Naphthoflavone

An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).


Afimoxifene

A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.


Bezafibrate

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-chlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-[4-(2-aminoethyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid. Benafibrate is used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.


Biochanin A

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 4'. A phytoestrogen, it has putative benefits in dietary cancer prophylaxis.


Dibromoacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are replaced by bromo groups.


phytoestrogen

Any compound produced by a plant that happens to have estrogenic activity.


A member of the class of benzamides that is 4-(imidazol-2-yl)benzamide carrying additional 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl and pyridin-2-yl substituents at positions 4 and 5 respectively on the imidazole ring.


Carbaryl

A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of  1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.


Dicofol

A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


Benomyl

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is the methyl ester of  [1-(butylcarbamoyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamic acid. A foliar fungicide used to control a wide range of Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti in a wide range of crops.


phenols

Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.


A chromone substituted with a phenyl group at position 8 and a morpholine group at position 2.


Mestranol

A terminal acetylenic compound that is (17alpha)-17-ethynylestra-1(10),2,4-triene substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 17.


Benzyl Benzoate

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.


Anethole

The trans-stereoisomer of anethole.


BETA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE

The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.


A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group at position 1. A serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.


A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.


Sodium Hypochlorite

An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.


Quinoline

The simplest member of the quinoline class of compounds, comprising a benzene ring ortho fused to C-2 and C-3 of a pyridine ring.


Hexachlorophene

An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.


A phenanthrol that is phenanthrene in which a hydrogen attached to a carbon in the central ring has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


benzenes

Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Cyanazine

A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethyl amino and a (2-cyanopropan-2-yl)amino group at positions 6 and 4 respectively.


A methylquinoline carrying a methyl substituent at position 8.


A quinoline compound in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted at C-2 with a methyl group.


Fusidic Acid

A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.


A organochlorine compound that is  4,4'-dichlorodiphenylmethane in which one of the methylene hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


A monohydroxyquinoline carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.


A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.


5-hydroxybisphenol A

A bisphenol (methylenediphenol) having hydroxy functions at C-3, C-4 and C-4', and gem-dimethyl groups on the methylene bridge.


Adefovir

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.


Perfluorooctanoic acid

A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.


A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-ketoconazole.


Calcipotriol

A seco-cholestane that is 26,27-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10,22-tetraene carrying additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 3 and 24. It is used (as its hydrate) in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.


response to hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.


positive regulation of sarcomere organization

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.


thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a thyroid hormone.


estradiol binding

Binding to estradiol.


steroid hormone binding

Binding to a steroid hormone.


response to estradiol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.


vitamin D response element binding

Binding to a vitamin D response element (VDRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.


inner ear receptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


sex determination

Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.


calcitriol binding

Binding to calcitriol. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the hormonally active form of vitamin D3.


lithocholic acid binding

Binding to lithocholic acid.


vitamin D binding

Binding to vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


retinal cone cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell.


retinal cone cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


Triphenyltin hydroxide

An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a hydroxy group. A fungicide used to control a variety of infections including blight on potatoes, leaf spot on sugar beet and alternaria blight on carrots.


Flurbiprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.


Triphenyltin chloride

An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a chloro group.  A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans.


nuclear steroid receptor activity

Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.


androgen binding

Binding to an androgen, a male sex hormone.


male courtship behavior

The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


protein neddylation

Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to another protein.


anatomical entity

Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.


late distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


axial mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.


camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.


epithalamus development

The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle.


proximal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule.


pineal gland development

The progression of the pineal gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythms.


photoreceptor cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


retinal cone cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell. A retinal cone cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.


negative regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression.


regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


gamma-tubulin complex binding

Binding to a gamma-tubulin complex.


determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry

Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.


retinal pigment epithelium development

The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.


regulation of organ growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


ventriculo bulbo valve development

The progression of the ventriculo bulbo valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


chorion micropyle formation

Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization.


epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell.


ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in pronephros development

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


trabecular layer of ventricle

A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle.


cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cardiac muscle myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a cardiac muscle myoblast cell population. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.


angiogenesis involved in wound healing

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


regenerating anatomical structure

An anatomical structure that is undergoing regeneration.


muscle organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.


negative regulation of growth rate

Any process that reduces the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.


regulation of muscle hyperplasia

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation.


regulation of fibrinolysis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell differentiation

The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves the two-step acylation of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to a phosphatidylcholine.


ether hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ether bond, -O-.


fatty aldehyde

An aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxylic acid group of its corresponding fatty acid, having a carbonyl group at one end of the carbon chain.


glycerophosphocholine

The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health.


TM86B_HUMAN Lysoplasmalogenase TMEM86B (sprot)

A lysoplasmalogenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


A glycero-3-phosphocholine compound having an alk-1-enyl substituent at the 1-position and an acyl substituent at the 2-position.


A glycerophosphoethanolamine compound having an alk-1-enyl substituent at the 1-position and an acyl substituent at the 2-position.


regulation of motor neuron axon guidance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron axon guidance.


eye morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized.


otic placode development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an otic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of developmental growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.


embryonic morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit

The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization

An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.


mitochondrial mRNA processing

Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the mitochondrial genome into mature mRNAs.


3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilization

An mRNA destabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.


cellular response to cell wall damage

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell wall damage. The process begins with detection of the damage and ends with a change in state or activity of the cell.


RNA sequestering activity

Binding to a specific RNA molecule to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized.


skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


peripheral nervous system neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.


cerebellum vasculature development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of axon guidance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.


abducens nucleus

Nucleus located beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle in the pontine tegmentum, containing motor neurons innervating the lateral rectus muscle of the eye (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 533).


optic tract

Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm[ZFA]. Predominantly white matter structure found in diencephalon consisting of fibers originating in the retina. The optic tract is considered to extend from the point of the optic chiasm and terminates largely, although not exclusively, in the lateral geniculate complex. Other fibers end in the superior colliculus and other structures in the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (MM)[NIF].


brainstem nucleus

A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem.


sensory perception of touch

The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).


negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


anterior/posterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


cranial nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.