cytotoxic T cell degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.


PO2F3_MOUSE POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 3 (sprot)

A POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


VNS1_MOUSE Vomeronasal secretory protein 1 (sprot)

A vomeronasal secretory protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


SYN2_MOUSE Synapsin-2 (sprot)

A synapsin-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CRBA2_MOUSE Beta-crystallin A2 (sprot)

A beta-crystallin A2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


EAA3_MOUSE Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (sprot)

An excitatory amino acid transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


G6PD1_MOUSE Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase X (sprot)

A glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


VEGFB_MOUSE Vascular endothelial growth factor B (sprot)

A vascular endothelial growth factor B that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CATE_MOUSE Cathepsin E (sprot)

A cathepsin E that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


KLRBC_MOUSE Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C (sprot)

A killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TPD52_MOUSE Tumor protein D52 (sprot)

A tumor protein D52 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CHKA_MOUSE Choline kinase alpha (sprot)

A choline kinase alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


BNIP3_MOUSE BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (sprot)

A BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RDH16_MOUSE Retinol dehydrogenase 16 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the Rdh16 gene in mouse.


TREX1_MOUSE Three-prime repair exonuclease 1 (sprot)

A three-prime repair exonuclease 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


DMRT2_MOUSE Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor 2 (sprot)

A doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


B2L10_MOUSE Bcl-2-like protein 10 (sprot)

A Bcl-2-like protein 10 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


BNI3L_MOUSE BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like (sprot)

A BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RNH1_MOUSE Ribonuclease H1 (sprot)

A ribonuclease H1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


IKZF2_MOUSE Zinc finger protein Helios (sprot)

A zinc finger protein Helios that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


HSF4_MOUSE Heat shock factor protein 4 (sprot)

A heat shock factor protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


S27A1_MOUSE Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (sprot)

A long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RNF17_MOUSE RING finger protein 17 (sprot)

A RING finger protein 17 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


JMJD6_MOUSE Bifunctional arginine demethylase and lysyl-hydroxylase JMJD6 (sprot)

A bifunctional arginine demethylase and lysyl-hydroxylase JMJD6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


IRF3_MOUSE Interferon regulatory factor 3 (sprot)

An interferon regulatory factor 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PRDX4_MOUSE Peroxiredoxin-4 (sprot)

A peroxiredoxin-4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NOE1_MOUSE Noelin (sprot)

A noelin that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


DCTP1_MOUSE dCTP pyrophosphatase 1 (sprot)

A dCTP pyrophosphatase 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


KCD20_MOUSE BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD20 (sprot)

A BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD20 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CCD91_MOUSE Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 91 (sprot)

A coiled-coil domain-containing protein 91 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


FGOP2_MOUSE FGFR1 oncogene partner 2 homolog (sprot)

An FGFR1 oncogene partner 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


S10AG_MOUSE Protein S100-A16 (sprot)

A protein S100-A16 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PAAT_MOUSE ATPase PAAT (sprot)

An ATPase PAAT that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


MCLN2_MOUSE Mucolipin-2 (sprot)

A mucolipin-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PRRC1_MOUSE Protein PRRC1 (sprot)

A protein PPRC1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NUP35_MOUSE Nucleoporin NUP35 (sprot)

A nucleoporin NUP35 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


MISS_MOUSE MAPK-interacting and spindle-stabilizing protein (sprot)

A MAPK-interacting and spindle-stabilizing protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TRI32_MOUSE E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM32 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM32 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


DMRTD_MOUSE Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor C2 (sprot)

A doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor C2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CDD_MOUSE Cytidine deaminase (sprot)

A cytidine deaminase that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PACE1_MOUSE Protein-associating with the carboxyl-terminal domain of ezrin (sprot)

A protein-associating with the carboxyl-terminal domain of ezrin that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TM38A_MOUSE Trimeric intracellular cation channel type A (sprot)

A trimeric intracellular cation channel type A that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CEP72_MOUSE Centrosomal protein of 72 kDa (sprot)

A centrosomal protein of 72 kDa that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


E2F8_MOUSE Transcription factor E2F8 (sprot)

A transcription factor E2F8 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


BACD1_MOUSE BTB/POZ domain-containing adapter for CUL3-mediated RhoA degradation protein 1 (sprot)

A BTB/POZ domain-containing adapter for CUL3-mediated RhoA degradation protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NSMA2_MOUSE Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (sprot)

A sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ANO6_MOUSE Anoctamin-6 (sprot)

An anoctamin-6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


DLK2_MOUSE Protein delta homolog 2 (sprot)

A protein delta homolog 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CXG3_MOUSE Gap junction gamma-3 protein (sprot)

A gap junction gamma-3 protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


C209D_MOUSE CD209 antigen-like protein D (sprot)

A CD209 molecule-like protein D that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NNRE_MOUSE NAD(P)H-hydrate epimerase (sprot)

An apolipoprotein A-I-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CAN8_MOUSE Calpain-8 (sprot)

A calpain-8 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


OLM2B_MOUSE Olfactomedin-like protein 2B (sprot)

An olfactomedin-like protein 2B that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


SYT14_MOUSE Synaptotagmin-14 (sprot)

A synaptotagmin-14 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


OLM2A_MOUSE Olfactomedin-like protein 2A (sprot)

An olfactomedin-like protein 2A that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TEN4_MOUSE Teneurin-4 (sprot)

A teneurin-4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


DMRTA_MOUSE Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor A1 (sprot)

A doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor A1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


KLRE1_MOUSE Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily E member 1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the Klre1 gene in mouse.


PRDM6_MOUSE Putative histone-lysine N-methyltransferase PRDM6 (sprot)

A putative histone-lysine N-methyltransferase PRDM6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


MYOM3_MOUSE Myomesin-3 (sprot)

A myomesin-3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


GP139_MOUSE Probable G-protein coupled receptor 139 (sprot)

A probable G-protein coupled receptor 139 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


HELT_MOUSE Hairy and enhancer of split-related protein HELT (sprot)

A hairy and enhancer of split-related protein HELT that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TLR13_MOUSE Toll-like receptor 13 (sprot)

A Toll-like receptor 13 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ERFE_MOUSE Erythroferrone (sprot)

An erythroferrone that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ADHX_MOUSE Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 (sprot)

An alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ADH1_MOUSE Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (sprot)

An alcohol dehydrogenase 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PRDX3_MOUSE Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ASGR1_MOUSE Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (sprot)

An asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


C1QB_MOUSE Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B (sprot)

A complement C1q subcomponent subunit B that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CRBB2_MOUSE Beta-crystallin B2 (sprot)

A beta-crystallin B2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CRBA1_MOUSE Beta-crystallin A1 (sprot)

A beta-crystallin A3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


BHA15_MOUSE Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 15 (sprot)

A class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 15 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


FKB1A_MOUSE Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A (sprot)

A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


VGFR1_MOUSE Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sprot)

A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


GABP2_MOUSE GA-binding protein subunit beta-2 (sprot)

A GA-binding protein subunit beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


GDF6_MOUSE Growth/differentiation factor 6 (sprot)

A growth/differentiation factor 6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CXB1_MOUSE Gap junction beta-1 protein (sprot)

A gap junction beta-1 protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


HEXB_MOUSE Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta (sprot)

A beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


GLPA_MOUSE Glycophorin-A (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the Gypa gene in mouse.


HPRT_MOUSE Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (sprot)

A hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


HSF2_MOUSE Heat shock factor protein 2 (sprot)

A heat shock factor protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


IL12B_MOUSE Interleukin-12 subunit beta (sprot)

An interleukin-12 subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


HEM2_MOUSE Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (sprot)

A delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ANPRB_MOUSE Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (sprot)

An atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PTPRE_MOUSE Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


SYN1_MOUSE Synapsin-1 (sprot)

A synapsin-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TYRP1_MOUSE 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase (sprot)

A 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


hemidesmosome

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A cell-substrate junction (attachment structure) found in epithelial cells that links intermediate filaments to extracellular matrices via transmembrane complexes. In vertebrates, hemidesmosomes mediate contact between the basal side of epithelial cells and the basal lamina. In C. elegans, hemidesmosomes connect epithelial cells to distinct extracellular matrices on both the apical and basal cell surfaces.


An adenosylhomocysteinase that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


lipid antigen binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a lipid antigen.


micturition

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.


glucosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. They are neutral glycolipids containing equimolar amounts of fatty acid, glucose, and sphingosine or a sphingosine derivative.


renal system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels.


cornified envelope assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cornified envelope.


prostate gland growth

The increase in size or mass of the prostate gland where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the gland, from its formation to its mature state.


corneocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A corneocyte is the last stage of development of a keratinocyte where the keratinocyte flattens, loses its nucleus and eventually delaminates from the epidermis.


galactosylceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.


inclusion body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.


glycolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar group acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol group may be absent.


membrane lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.


cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse

A synapse of a climbing fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum. The climbing fiber originates from the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata.


locomotory exploration behavior

The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment.


regulation of lysosome organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.


male sex determination

The specification of male sex of an individual organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + 17-alpha,20-alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one = NAD(P)H + H+ + 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = acetaldehyde + 4-androstene-3,17-dione.


progesterone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.


female sex determination

The specification of female sex of an individual organism.


manchette

A tubular array of microtubules that extends from the perinuclear ring surrounding the spermatid nucleus to the flagellar axoneme. The manchette may also contain F-actin filaments.


immunological synapse formation

The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.


leading edge membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.


uropod

A membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively.


alpha-beta T cell receptor complex

A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises alpha and beta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes a complex consisting of an antigen-derived peptide bound to a class I or class II MHC protein.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol group is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.


negative regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


apoptotic nuclear changes

Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis.


positive regulation of interleukin-2 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.


MHC class II protein binding

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class II molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


T cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T cell.


membrane raft organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane rafts, small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


dolichol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + dolichyl phosphate = GDP + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate.


T cell meandering migration

The random-like motility observed for T cells in lymph nodes which enhances surveillance of antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs).


immune response-inhibiting signal transduction

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an immune response.


integrin activation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits, that lead to the increased affinity of the integrin for its extracellular ligands.


hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


gamma-delta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell. A gamma-delta T cell is a T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex.


mast cell proliferation

The expansion of a mast cell population by cell division.


T cell migration

The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


ninein isoform m1 (mouse)

A ninein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q61043-3.


negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.


positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.


basophil

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive.


mast cell degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.


natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


cell proliferation in bone marrow

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the bone marrow.


mast cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a mast cell.


myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis

The movement of a myeloid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.


exosomal secretion

The process whereby a membrane-bounded vesicle is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane.


Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


type III interferon production

The appearance of type III interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


positive regulation of germinal center formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


kidney collecting duct epithelial cell

An epithelial cell that is part of the collecting duct of renal tubule.


IFT22_HUMAN Intraflagellar transport protein 22 homolog (sprot)

An intraflagellar transport protein 22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFT56_HUMAN Intraflagellar transport protein 56 (sprot)

An intraflagellar transport protein 56 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IT70B_HUMAN Intraflagellar transport protein 70B (sprot)

A tetratricopeptide repeat protein 30B that is encoded in the genome of human.


axonemal microtubule

A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules.


krueppel-like factor 4 unmodified 1 (mouse)

A krueppel-like factor 4 (mouse) that lacks modification at the position equivalent to Glu-381 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q60793. UniProtKB:Q60793, Glu-381, PR:000026291.


fertilization

The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


regulation of blastocyst development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blastocyst development.


immune response in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue

An immune response taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). NALT includes the tonsils and adenoids.


microtubule severing

The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. Severing enzymes remove dimers from the middle of the filament to create new ends, unlike depolymerizing kinesins that use ATP to uncap microtubules at their ends.


positive regulation of cilium movement

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.


negative regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


extracellular exosome

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.


opsonin binding

Binding to an opsonin, such as a complement component or antibody, deposited on the surface of a bacteria, virus, immune complex, or other particulate material.


microglia development

The process aimed at the progression of a microglial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.


membrane repolarization during action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


cellular response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.


nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


nuclear outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


male germ cell nucleus

The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males.


chiasma

A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over.


X chromosome

The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the X chromosome are present in each somatic cell of females and one copy is present in males.


Y chromosome

The sex chromosome present in males of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The Y chromosome is absent from the cells of females and present in one copy in the somatic cells of males.


autosome

Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.


transverse filament

A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex that spans the regions between the lateral elements and connects them.


outer kinetochore

The region of a kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.


endoplasmic reticulum exit site

An endoplasmic reticulum part at which COPII-coated vesicles are produced.


P granule

A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.


perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum

The portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. The lumen of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum is contiguous with the nuclear envelope lumen (also called perinuclear space), the region between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.


meiotic prophase I

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


centriole replication

The cell cycle process in which a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type. Duplicated centrioles also become the ciliary basal body in cells that form cilia during G0.


meiotic attachment of telomere to nuclear envelope

The meiotic cell cycle process in which physical connections are formed between telomeric heterochromatin and the nuclear envelope, facilitating bouquet formation.


meiotic telomere clustering

The cell cycle process in which the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in progression through meiosis and precedes synapsis.


resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates

The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during meiotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.


male meiotic nuclear division

A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline.


male meiosis chromosome segregation

The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male.


sperm DNA condensation

The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication.


lateral element assembly

The cell cycle process in which lateral elements are formed. Axial elements form a proteinaceous core between the two sister chromatids of each chromosome; the two axial elements then connect along their entire lengths by fine fibers known as transverse filaments, forming the lateral elements.


meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis I

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis I.


meiotic cell cycle phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next meiotic cell cycle phase.


germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

The process in which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


axonemal dynein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein complex, a dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella, in which the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.


chromosome localization to nuclear envelope involved in homologous chromosome segregation

The directed movement of a chromosome to the nuclear envelope that contributes to homologous chromosome segregation and precedes synapsis.


synaptonemal complex disassembly

The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex.


atrophy of testis

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Loss of testicular volume.


trachea development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.


tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.


vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.


chromatoid body

A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182).


pi-body

A P granule that contains the PIWIL2-TDRD1 module, a set of proteins that act in the primary piRNA pathway. The pi-body corresponds to the cementing material between mitochondria found in gonocytes.


sperm head-tail coupling apparatus

A centrosome-based structure consisting of two cylindrical microtubule-based centrioles and associated components which anchors the flagellum to the sperm head.


manchette assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a manchette.


intramanchette transport

The movement of vesicles and protein complexes carried out by molecular motors, kinesins and dynein, along the microtubule tracks within the manchette and by myosin along actin filaments.


spermatid nucleus elongation

The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation.


sperm individualization

The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane.


phosphatidylcholine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes.


equatorin isoform 2 (mouse)

An equatorin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9D9V2-2.


cellular bud neck

The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.


cellular bud tip

The end of a cellular bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell.


positive regulation of actin filament bundle assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.


pronephros structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pronephros. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


interferon-alpha production

The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of interferon-alpha production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.


G3P_PIG Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (sprot)


oviduct epithelium development

The progression of the oviduct epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. The oviduct epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the oviduct.


positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Cell killing caused by the membrane attack complex formed following complement activation.


manganese ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


zinc ion transport

The directed movement of zinc (Zn II) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation.


S22A8_HUMAN Organic anion transporter 3 (sprot)

An organic anion transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of complement activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


negative regulation of immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.


artery smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the artery. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The artery is a vessel carrying blood away from the heart.


glomerular basement membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


complement receptor activity

Combining with any component or product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of cartilage development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


olfactory bulb axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron in the olfactory bulb is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


anterior commissure morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum.


ventral aorta development

The progression of the ventral aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.


positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.


homotypic cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


negative regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.


positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


negative regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.


positive regulation of integrin activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


positive regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.


positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


negative regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


endothelial cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of coagulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.


negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


response to protozoan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.


negative thymic T cell selection

The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.


regulation of defense response to virus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the antiviral response of a cell or organism.


negative regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


cardiac septum development

The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


hyaluronic acid binding

Binding to hyaluronic acid, a polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.


D-glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


endosome to lysosome transport

The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes.


branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


wound healing involved in inflammatory response

The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response.


epidermis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.


hindgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindgut is part of the alimentary canal that lies posterior to the midgut.


cerebellar cortex morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.


spinal cord ventral commissure morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the spinal cord ventral commissure are generated and organized.


ventral midline development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate.


notochord regression

The developmental process in which the stucture of the notochord is destroyed in an embryo.


hindgut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized.


ventral spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output.


positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity

Any process that increases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates, members of the Gli protein family are activated in this way. Activation of the Gli/Ci transcription factor is distinct from its stabilization, when proteolytic cleavage is inhibited.


calmodulin

A protein that is a translation product of the human CALM1, CALM2, or CALM3 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof.


septin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising septin complexes and their associated proteins.


regulation of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade.


positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.


sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by a sphingolipid.


cell migration to the midline involved in heart development

The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


cellular response to ceramide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ceramide stimulus.


vesicle budding from membrane

The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.


mRNA localization resulting in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of a mRNA transcript by its transport into, or maintainance in, a specific location within the cell.


histone H3-K9 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.


long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


vitamin A import into cell

The directed movement of vitamin A from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. Vitamin A is any of several retinoid derivatives of beta-carotene, primarily retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid.


neurohypophysis development

The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


locus ceruleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the locus ceruleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.


vestibular receptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a vestibular receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


corpus callosum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.


detection of hot stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a hot stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


WD40-repeat domain binding

Binding to a WD40 repeat domain of a protein. The WD40 repeat is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, often terminating in a tryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) dipeptide. Several of these repeats are combined to form a type of protein domain called the WD domain.


phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands

Catalysis of the hydrolytic removal of phosphoglycolate from the 3'-terminus of a 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strand.


actin cortical patch assembly

Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells.


maintenance of mitochondrion location

Any process in which a mitochondrion is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


hypothalamus

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia].


sensory perception of smell

The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.


olfactory tract

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to other parts of the brain.


protein lipidation involved in autophagosome assembly

The protein lipidation process by which phosphatidylethanolamine is conjugated to a protein of the ATG8 family, leading to membrane insertion of the protein as a step in autophagosome assembly.


negative stranded viral RNA replication

A viral genome replication process where the template genome is negative stranded, single stranded RNA ((-)ssRNA).


positive regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


pre-miRNA binding

Binding to a precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) transcript, a stem-loop-containing precursor of microRNA.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 4 isoform 2 (mouse)

A C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 4 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


coiled-coil domain-containing protein 66 isoform 1 (mouse)

A coiled-coil domain-containing protein 66 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cellular response to bisphenol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus.


negative regulation of immunoglobulin production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


zona pellucida receptor complex

A multisubunit complex comprising the chaperonin-containing T-complex and several other components involved in mediating sperm-oocyte Interaction.


clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading, AP-1-mediated

Formation of a macromolecular complex between proteins of the AP-1 adaptor complex and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a clathrin-coated vesicle. The AP-1 adaptor protein complex is a component of the cytoplasmic coat found on clathrin-coated vesicles, and binds to sorting signals of cargo to facilitate their trafficking.


biolink:MacromolecularComplex biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:MacromolecularMachineMixin biolink:ThingWithTaxon


vacuole

A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.


Mpp10 complex

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Mpp10p, Imp3p and Imp4p.


sarcoglycan complex

A protein complex formed of four sarcoglycans plus sarcospan; there are six known sarcoglycans: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-sarcoglycan; all are N-glycosylated single-pass transmembrane proteins. The sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex is a subcomplex of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, and is fixed to the dystrophin axis by a lateral association with the dystroglycan complex.


dynein complex

Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.


neuropeptide Y receptor activity

Combining with neuropeptide Y to initiate a change in cell activity.


peptide YY receptor activity

Combining with gut peptide YY to initiate a change in cell activity.


central nervous system neuron

Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system.


regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


mRNA modification

The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


third ventricle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the third ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The third ventricle is the narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the hypothalamus, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by ependyma, and it communicates with the fourth ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct, and with the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina.


pancreatic polypeptide receptor activity

Combining with pancreatic polypeptide PP to initiate a change in cell activity.


synaptic signaling via neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by a peptide.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of blood pressure

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.


mating behavior

The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.


norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport.


sensitization

An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched.


regulation of female receptivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the willingness or readiness of a female to receive male advances.


regulation of dopamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


neuropeptide signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a neuropeptide binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


protein localization to non-motile cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


galanin receptor activity

Combining with galanin to initiate a change in cell activity.


frontal cortex

Anterior portion of the neocortex, lying anterior to the central sulcus in humans. It is bounded by the parietal cortex posteriorly and the temporal cortex laterally[NIFSTD,modified].


dentate gyrus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.


behavioral response to cocaine

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.


conditioned taste aversion

A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus.


maternal behavior

Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.


dopamine transport

The directed movement of dopamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


operant conditioning

Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.


N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


camera-type eye photoreceptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in a camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


TMIG1_HUMAN Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


R9BP_MOUSE Regulator of G-protein signaling 9-binding protein (sprot)

A regulator of G-protein signaling 9-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


retina homeostasis

A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


B2RPU6_MOUSE Nuclear protein MDM1 (trembl)

A nuclear protein MDM1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:B2RPU6.


regulation of chromatin binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


bone trabecula morphogenesis

The process of shaping a trabecula in bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.


chondrocyte hypertrophy

The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of bone as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


pelvic appendage apical ectodermal ridge

An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pelvic appendage bud.


pectoral appendage apical ectodermal ridge

An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pectoral appendage bud.


mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 20 isoform ZAKalpha (mouse)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 20 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9ESL4-1.


gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus

The directional movement of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neuron from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus.


negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


positive regulation of ossification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


positive regulation of protein import into nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


pancreas morphogenesis

Morphogenesis of the pancreas. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


atrial septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another.


myoblast migration

The orderly movement of a myoblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A myoblast is a cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


thalamus development

The process in which the thalamus changes over time, from its initial formation to its mature state.


epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted.


maintenance of protein localization in organelle

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.


apoptotic process involved in development

Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development.


release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of calcium ion from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol.


bleb assembly

The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses.


extracellular matrix constituent secretion

The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell.


calcium activated phospholipid scrambling

The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


microvesicle

An extracellular vesicle released from the plasma membrane and ranging in size from about 100 nm to 1000 nm.


AP-3 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-3 adaptor complex. The AP-3 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B).


antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


platelet dense granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.


establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane involved in mitochondrial fission

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the mitochondrial membrane that contributes to mitochondrial fission.


skin epidermis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


melanosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.


zinc ion import into synaptic vesicle

The directed movement of Zn2+ ions from the cytoplasm into the lumen of a cytoplasmic vesicle.


protein modification process

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).


antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of exogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.


positive regulation of NK T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.


gray matter of spinal cord

The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue.


response to muscle stretch

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a myofibril being extended beyond its slack length.


positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.


negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.


detection of misfolded protein

The series of events in which a misfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


insulin-responsive compartment

A small membrane-bounded vesicle that releases its contents by exocytosis in response to insulin stimulation; the contents are enriched in GLUT4, IRAP and VAMP2.


fatty acid transport

The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


cellular lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


glucose import in response to insulin stimulus

The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell as a result of an insulin stimulus.


negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transport

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding

Binding to a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.


cytokine production involved in immune response

The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


pericyte cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pericyte cell.


regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.


eye pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


organelle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.


positive regulation of natural killer cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.


response to yeast

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species.


regulation of termination of DNA-templated transcription

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent, or location of DNA-templated transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.


recycling endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a recycling endosome.


unique cartilage matrix-associated protein isoform 4 (mouse)

A unique cartilage matrix-associated protein isoform 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


unique cartilage matrix-associated protein isoform 2 (mouse)

A unique cartilage matrix-associated protein isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RFIP4_MOUSE Rab11 family-interacting protein 4 (sprot)

A Rab11 family-interacting protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


AQP1_HUMAN Aquaporin-1 (sprot)

An aquaporin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding

Binding to one or both of the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A.


kinase regulator activity

Modulates the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


protein localization to endosome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endosome.


focal adhesion assembly

The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.


body fluid secretion

The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal.


regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation.


skeletal muscle tissue growth

The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth.


pituitary homeobox 2 isoform Ptx2C (mouse)

A pituitary homeobox 2 isoform Ptx2C that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.


positive regulation of protein localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization.


ubiquitin-specific protease binding

Binding to a ubiquitin-specific protease.


negative regulation of necroptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


motor neuron migration

The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


hindbrain tangential cell migration

The migration of a cell in the hindbrain in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration.


CD103-positive dendritic cell

A conventional dendritic cell that is CD103-positive. This cell type is usually found in non-lymphoid tissue.


CD11b-positive dendritic cell

A conventional dendritic cell that expresses CD11b (ITGAM).


regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


post-embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


cardiac cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of cardiac cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an endopeptidase.


blood vessel maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state.


mitotic spindle pole body

The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the mitotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


protein localization to extracellular region

Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location.


glomerular filtration

The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein.


response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.


loop of Henle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The loop of Henle is a nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.


intracellular sodium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sodium ions within a cell.


collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


intracellular phosphate ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of phosphate ions within a cell.


citric acid secretion

The controlled release of citric acid, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, by a cell or a tissue.


ubiquitin-dependent ERAD pathway

The series of steps necessary to target endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Begins with recognition of the ER-resident protein, includes retrotranslocation (dislocation) of the protein from the ER to the cytosol, protein ubiquitination necessary for correct substrate transfer, transport of the protein to the proteasome, and ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome.


cellular response to unfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.


connective tissue replacement

The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared.


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism.


response to unfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.


regulation of protein transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of urine volume

Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


renal urate salt excretion

The elimination of urate salt or uric acid from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


protein transport into plasma membrane raft

The directed movement of a protein into a plasma membrane raft.


urate transport

The directed movement of urate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to diuretic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.


multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis

A chemical homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.


chemical homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical.


urea transmembrane transport

The process in which urea, the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2, is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


axonemal central pair projection

Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the projections off of the central pair of single microtubules.


axonemal central apparatus assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal central apparatus.


KLC1_MOUSE Kinesin light chain 1 (sprot)

A kinesin light chain 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


KLC2_MOUSE Kinesin light chain 2 (sprot)

A kinesin light chain 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


kinesin II complex

A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes.


epidermal stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of epidermal stem cells within a population of cells.


axonemal basal plate

Part of the axoneme consisting of a highly electron-dense region at the distal end of the ciliary transition zone within the axonemal lumen at which the axonemal central pair of microtubules is connected to the rest of the axonemal structure.


regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food.


response to fluid shear stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.


negative regulation of cortisol secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.


myo-inositol transport

The directed movement of myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


glomerular endothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus.


Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.


preameloblast

Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins.


regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.


presynaptic endosome

An endosome present in the presynapse that fuses with endocytic vesicles arising in the presynaptic endocytic zone. This organelle is believed to be involved in regeneration of synaptic vesicles.


vesicle coating

A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination.


neurotransmitter receptor transport, postsynaptic endosome to lysosome

The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome in tranpsort vesicles to the lysosome for degradation.


regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.


regulation of B cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.


cellular response to chloroquine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloroquine stimulus.


protein K11-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K11-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


urate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.


positive regulation of cation channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


cardiocyte

A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells.


mesonephric duct formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric duct. A mesonephric duct is a tube that drains the mesonephros.


ciliated olfactory receptor neuron

An olfactory receptor cell in which the apical ending of the dendrite is a pronounced ciliated olfactory knob.


nephrocystin-3 isoform m1, initiator methionine removed myristoylated 1 (mouse)

A nephrocystin-3 isoform m1, initiator methionine removed form (mouse) that has been post-translationally modified to include N-terminal Gly myristoylation. UniProtKB:Q7TNH6-1, 2-1325, Gly-2, MOD:00068.


regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


AKAP9_HUMAN A-kinase anchor protein 9 (sprot)

An A-kinase anchor protein 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LTOR4_HUMAN Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR4 (sprot)

A ragulator complex protein LAMTOR4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate.


chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic

The part of synaptic transmission occurring in the post-synapse: a signal transduction pathway consisting of neurotransmitter receptor activation and its effects on postsynaptic membrane potential and the ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol.


autolysosome

A type of secondary lysosome in which a primary lysosome has fused with the outer membrane of an autophagosome. It is involved in the second step of autophagy in which it degrades contents with acidic lysosomal hydrolases.


autophagy of mitochondrion

The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


sperm connecting piece

The segment of the sperm flagellum that attaches to the implantation fossa of the nucleus in the sperm head; from the remnant of the centriole at this point, the axoneme extends throughout the length of the flagellum.


protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding

Binding to one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A.


amylase secretion

The controlled release of amylase from a cell.


ADCY6_MOUSE Adenylate cyclase type 6 (sprot)

An adenylate cyclase type 6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.


RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 (mouse) that has been phosphorylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Ser-474 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q60823-1. UniProtKB:Q60823-1, Ser-474, MOD:00046.


nesprin-2 isoform m1 (mouse)

A nesprin-2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q6ZWQ0-1.


regulation of interleukin-6 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.


positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.


positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.


positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


positive regulation of interleukin-10 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.


positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.


positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


nitric oxide production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of nitric oxide following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of macrophage activation

Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.


negative regulation of macrophage activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.


alternatively activated macrophage

An elicited macrophage characterized by low production of pro-inflammatory and Th1 polarizing cytokines and high expression of arginase-1, and associated with tissue remodelling.


lung macrophage

Circulating macrophages and tissue macrophages (alveolar macrophages) of lung.