Difenoconazole

A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups.  A broad spectrum fungicide with novel broad-range activity used as a spray or seed treatment. It is moderately toxic to humans, mammals, birds and most aquatic organisms.


Naltrexone

An  organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.


Zincchloride

A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.


Dichlorvos

An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.


Thimerosal

An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.


Domperidone

1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.


Procyanidin B2, (+)-

A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine.


Morin

A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.


Beryllium sulfate

A metal sulfate in which the metal is beryllium (in the +2 oxidation state) and the ratio of beryllium  to sulfate is 1:1.


Clomipramine

A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.


A secondary alcohol that is isopropanol in which one hydrogen of each methyl group is substituted by a chlorine. A liquid at room temperature (melting point -4degreeC, boiling point 174degreeC at 760 mm Hg), it is used as a solvent for hard resins and nitrocellulose.


Ryanodine

An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.


Alvocidib

A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.


chelator

A ligand with two or more separate binding sites that can bind to a single metallic central atom, forming a chelate.


Oxybenzone

A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.


A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties.


Deferoxamine

An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.


Doxazosin

A member of the class of  quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An  antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.


Captan

A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.


Citalopram

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer,  escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.


Myclobutanil

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-myclobutanil. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is a widely-used agricultural fungicide.


insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis


isoflavones

Any isoflavonoid with a 3-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (3-aryl-4H-chromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Perflubutane

A fluorocarbon that is butane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. Microbubbles of preflubutane are used in the ultrasound contrast agent BR14.


A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.


A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.


Terbutaline

A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.


Picrotoxinin

A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin.


Phenylarsine oxide

An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.


Mangostin

A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.


Phlorizin

An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is  phloretin attached to a  beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 2' via a glycosidic linkage.


Glyoxal

The dialdehyde that is the smallest possible and which consists of ethane having oxo groups on both carbons.


Trihydroxychalcone

A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone hydroxylated at C-2', -4 and -4'.


A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.


Donepezil

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.


Cyclohexanol

An alcohol that consists of cyclohexane bearing a single hydroxy substituent. The parent of the class of cyclohexanols.


Promegestone

A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.


Dicyclidine

An azabicycloalkane that is 1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A fungicide widely used in horticulture as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip for the control of various diseases.


PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER (MIXED ISOMERS)


Resorcinol

A  benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.


Formononetin

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'.


Forapin

A 26-membered polypeptide consisting of Gly, Ile, Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Lys, Val, Leu, Thr, Thr, Gly, Leu, Pro, Ala, Leu, Ile, Ser, Trp, Ile, Lys, Arg, Lys, Arg, Gln and Gln-NH2 residues joined in sequence. It is the principal active component of bee venom.


A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare.


Masoprocol

The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.


An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.


proanthocyanidin

A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans.


Arecoline

A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.


Ouabain

A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.


Tebufenozide

A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by tert-butyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl and 4-ethylbenzoyl groups respectively. It is an insecticide used widely against caterpillars.


Pomalidomide

An aromatic amine that is thalidomide substituted at position 4 on the isoindole ring system by an amino group. Used for the treatment of multiple myeloma in patients who failed to respond to previous therapies.


Isoeugenol

The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol.


An alpha-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.


Diallyl trisulfide

An organic trisulfide that is trisulfane in which both of the hydrogens are replaced by allyl groups. A component of the essential oil of garlic and a major component of the traditional Chinese medicine allitridium, it exhibits antifungal, antitumour and antioxidant activity


Calycosin

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position.


Medroxyprogesterone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 17alpha-hydroxy group of medroxyprogesterone with the carboxy group of acetic acid. A widely used progestin in menopausal hormone therapy and in progestogen-only birth control.


Benzothiazole

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.


Labetalol

A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.


A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.


Chromium

A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.


Phosphorylcholine Chloride

An organic chloride salt comprising a choline phosphate cation and chloride anion.


Fenarimol

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenarimol. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the treatment of blackspot, mildew and rust in tomatoes, peppers and melons, but is not approved for use within the European Union.


Ellagic Acid

An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates.


N-Acetyldopamine

A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the amino group of dopamine. A dopamine metabolite.


Rutin

A rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups.


Pralidoxime

A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.


Enzalutamide

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{3-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl}-2-fluorobenzoic acid with methylamine. Used for the treatment of of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.


Nomifensine

An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.


Ethylmercury chloride

A highly toxic organomercury compound which is used as a fungicide for treating seeds.


Sudan III

A bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a 4-{[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.


Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate

A trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.


Dimethoate

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.


A trihydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin having a prenyl group at position 8.


Budesonide

A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.


Phenoxyacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes.


Myricetin

A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7. It has been isolated from the leaves of Myrica rubra and other plants.


Rigosertib

An N-[2-methoxy-5-({[2-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]sulfonyl}methyl)phenyl]glycine in which the double bond has E-configuration. It is a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of PLK1 with an IC50 of 9 nM and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


Hesperetin

A trihydroxyflavanone having the three hydroxy gropus located at the 3'-, 5- and 7-positions and an additional methoxy substituent at the 4'-position.


Fenitrothion

An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.


Erastin

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4(3H)-one in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 3 are replaced by 1-{4-[(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl and 2-ethoxyphenyl groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDAC2 and VDAC3) and a potent ferroptosis inducer.


4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate

A diisocyanate consisting of diphenylmethane with two isocyanate groups at the 4- and 4'-positions.


Bisdemethoxycurcumin

A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.


Mibolerone

An androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17.


Reserpine

An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.


Tetrahydropalmatine

A berberine alkaloid obtained by formal addition of two molecules of hydrogen to the pyridine ring of palmatine.


1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid, 1-methyl-, (1-(2-((methylsulfonyl)amino)ethyl)-4-piperidinyl)methyl ester

An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.


Bivalirudin

A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.


Telmisartan

A member of the class of  benzimidazoles  used widely in the treatment of hypertension.


Gallic Acid

A trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5.


Entacapone

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.


Cinnamic acid

The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid


Neurotensin

A 13 amino acid peptide hormone which is found in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. It behaves as a neurotransmitter in the brain, as a hormone in the gut, and also as a neuromodulator. It is implicated in the pathophysiology of several CNS disorders (including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, drug abuse, pain, cancer, inflammation, eating disorders and central control of blood pressure) due to its association with a wide variety of neurotransmitter systems such as dopaminergic, sertonergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic systems.


Rimonabant

A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. It is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist. Besides its antagonistic properties, numerous studies have shown that, at micromolar concentrations rimonabant behaves as an inverse agonist at CB1 receptors. The drug was the first selective CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist introduced into clinical practice to treat obesity and metabolic-related disorders. It was later withdrawn from market due to CNS-related adverse effects including depression and suicidal ideation.


A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively


Tartrazine

An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.


Ioxynil

A  nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.


Butylated Hydroxytoluene

A member of the class of  phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.


A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9H-fluorene in which both of the hydrogens at position 9 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.


A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'.


HYPERFORIN

A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.


A highly sulfated linear glycosaminoglycan comprising complex patterns of uronic acid-(1->4)-D-glucosamine repeating subunits. Used as an injectable anticoagulant, it has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule.


Diisononyl phthalate

The diisononyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


Triflupromazine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.


Clotrimazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to a nitrogen is replaced by a monochlorotrityl group.


Fludioxonil

A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole substituted at position 4 by a 3-cyanopyrrol-4-yl group. A fungicide seed treatment for control of a range of diseases including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria.


Verbascoside

A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.


hydrazines

Hydrazine (diazane) and its substituted derivatives.


2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.


Iprodione

An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.


Amsacrine

A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits  antineoplastic activity.


Hexadrin

An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant.


acetoacetyl-CoA

A 3-oxoacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid.


Ferulic acid

A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring.


Strychnine

A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.


Mangiferin

A C-glycosyl compound consisting of 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthen-9-one having a beta-D-glucosyl residue at the 6-position.


Alogliptin

A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.


Ridaura

An S-glycosyl compound consisting of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose with the sufur atom coordinated to (triethylphosphoranylidene)gold. It is administered orally for the treatment of active progressive rheumatoid arthritis.


Ropivacaine

A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.


acene

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 6 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.


Gabapentin

A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.


Phenylpropanolamine

An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1S,2R-stereoisomer).


Betulinic Acid

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-carboxy substituents. It is found in the bark and other plant parts of several species of plants including Syzygium claviflorum. It exhibits anti-HIV, antimalarial, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties.


Piperine

A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.


Probenecid

A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.


Cyprodinil

A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees.


Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate mixt. with triphenyl phosphate


Perindopril

An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline


Fenobucarb

A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 2-sec-butylphenol with methylcarbamic acid.


Cyclic 3',5'-uridine monophosphate

A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having uridine as the nucleobase.


Enilconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches.


fucoidan

A type of fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide found in various species of brown algae, seaweed and sea-cucumbers.


Perfluorododecanoic acid

A fluoroalkanoic acid that is dodecanoic acid in which all of the hydrogens attached to carbon atoms are replaced by fluorines. It is a highly persistent, bioaccumulative breakdown product of stain- and grease-proof coatings on food packaging, soft furnishings and carpets.


Win 55212-2

A organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-hi]indole substituted at position 6 by a 1-naphthylcarbonyl group.


A thiopyranopyrimidine in which a 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton is substituted at C-4 by a hydroxy group and at C-2 by a para-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group.


Bupivacaine

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.


biomarker

A substance used as an indicator  of a biological state.


Fenhexamid

An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2,3-dichlorophenol.


An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.


Tributyl phosphate

A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.


Bromoxynil

A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.


Amentoflavone

A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-8 of the chromene ring.  A natural product found  particularly in Ginkgo biloba and Hypericum perforatum.


Neocuproine

A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 9.


Enoxolone

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, an oxo group at position 11 and a carboxy group at position 30.


Picene

An ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is obtained during the distillation of petroleum.


2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid

A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.


Harmine

A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.


Cyproterone acetate

A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the 17-hydroxy group of cyproterone. It is an antiandrogenic drug which has recently been recognized to promote the occurrence and growth of intracranial meningiomas.


Azadirachtin

A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).


Trifluoperazine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is  phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.


Procaine

A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.


Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid

A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.


Tert-Butylhydroquinone

A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.


Tolmetin

A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.


Chlorpyrifos-methyl

An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.


Pindolol

A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.


An adenosine bisphosphate having two monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions.


Octanal

A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid).


Fenofibric acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.


Cinaciguat

A benzoic acid that is 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid in which the amino group is substituted by 4-carboxybutyl and 2-(2-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)benzyl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl groups. It is a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, used for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure.


Pasireotide

A six-membered homodetic cyclic peptide composed from L-phenylglycyl, D-tryptophyl, L-lysyl, O-benzyl-L-tyrosyl, L-phenylalanyl and modified L-hydroxyproline residues joined in sequence. A somatostatin analogue with pharmacologic properties mimicking those of the natural hormone somatostatin; used (as its diaspartate salt) for treatment of Cushing's disease.


A hydroxyether that is ethanol substituted by a methoxy group at position 2.


Endurobol

An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively.


Imetit

An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea in which the thiol hydrogen is substituted by a 2-(imidazol-4-yl)ethyl group. An extremely potent, high affinity agonist at H3 and H4 receptors (Ki values are 0.3 and 2.7 nM respectively). Induces shape change in eosinophils with an EC50 of 25 nM. Centrally active following systemic administration.


Sotorasib

A pyridopyrimidine that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one substituted by 4-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl, (2S)-2-methyl-4-(prop-2-enoyl)piperazin-1-yl, fluoro and 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 1, 4, 6 and 7, respectively. It is approved for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer having KRAS(G12C) mutations.


Docetaxel trihydrate

The trihydrate form of  docetaxel. It is used for the treatment of breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer, and with prednisone or prednisolone in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer.


Lenalidomide

A dicarboximide that consists of 1-oxoisoindoline bearing an amino substituent at position 4 and a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group at position 2. Inhibits the secretion of TNF-alpha.


Dicumarol

A hydroxycoumarin that is methane in which two hydrogens have each been substituted by a 4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl group. Related to warfarin, it has been used as an anticoagulant.


Oleanolic Acid

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


Pregabalin

A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.


Quinoxyfen

A member of the class of quinolines carrying two chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 together with a 4-fluorophenoxy substituent at position 4. A fungicide used mainly to control powdery mildew in cereals.


Exenatidum

A bioactive polypeptide of 39 amino acid residues isolated from the saliva of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). High-affinity glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (Kd = 136 pM); potently induces cAMP formation without stimulating amylase release in pancreatic acini; potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated rat islets; protects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. A synthetic version is called exenatide.


Steviol

An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is 5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid in which the hydrogen at position 13 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


Harmaline

A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.


Stavudine

A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase


Flavone

The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.


Saxitoxin

An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.


Sulfluramid

A sulfonamide obtained by the formal condensation of perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid with  ethylamine.


Perphenazine

A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.


Fenfluramine

A  secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.


Sitagliptin

A  triazolopyrazine that exhibits  hypoglycemic activity.


Cyanide ion

A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.


Phenthoate

An organic thiophosphate that is  ethyl mandelate in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.


Diethyl hydrogen phosphate

A  dialkyl phosphate having ethyl as the alkyl group.


coordination entity

An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands).


Monobenzyl phthalate

A phthalic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of benzyl alcohol. It is a major metabolite of the plasticiser butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP).


Ledipasvir

A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.


Tobramycin

A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.


Cyproheptadine

The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.


Palladium

Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.


sweetening agent

Substance that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by chlorines.


1,3-Dithiane-2-propanamine, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl)-N-methyl-, 1,1,3,3-tetraoxide, hydrochloride, monohydrate


Pyridoxal phosphate

The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.


Dermofural

A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.


Butyl 4-aminobenzoate

An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.


Galantamine

A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.


Dipentyl phthalate

A  phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


Thioflavin T

An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.


Platelet activating factor

A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.


Procyanidin B1

A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' respectively  in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cat's claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach.


Demethoxycurcumin

A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which one of the methoxy groups is replaced by hydrogen. It is found in Curcuma zedoaria and Etlingera elatior.


Florfenicol

A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture.


A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.


Nebivolol

A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a  6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.


Monohexyl Phthalate

A phthalic acid monoester obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of hexanol.


Orlistat

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.


An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.


Vanillin

A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


Spaglumic acid

A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage.


Penconazole

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole. A fungicide used to control powdery mildew, scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.


An organic bromide salt having (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane as the counterion. Used (in the form of the hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


Acetophenazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.


terpene

A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2].


Ziprasidone

A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.


Dimethyl terephthalate

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with methanol. It is a primary ingredient widely used in the manufacture of polyesters and industrial plastics.


Biphenyl

A benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of two benzene rings connected by a single covalent bond. Biphenyl occurs naturally in coal tar, crude oil, and natural gas. Formerly used as a fungicide for citrus crops.


Flavanone

The simplest member of the class of  flavanones  that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.


Amlexanox

A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.


Methoxamine

An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .


amide

An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


3-Phenoxybenzoic acid

A phenoxybenzoic acid in which the phenoxy group is meta to the carboxy group. It is a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides.


Metam

A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is dithiocarbamic acid in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group has been replaced by a methyl group. It is used (most widely as the corresponding sodium salt, metam-sodium) as an agricultural pesticide, mainly as a broad spectrum soil fumigant for the control of weeds, nematodes, soil-borne insects and fungi.


Clionasterol

A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.


Triamcinolone Acetonide

A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.


Lupeol

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It occurs in the skin of lupin seeds, as well as in the latex of fig trees and of rubber plants. It is also found in many edible fruits and vegetables.


A thymidine phosphate having a diphosphate group at the 5'-position.


Skullcapflavone II

A tetramethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7, 8 and 6' and hydroxy groups at positons 5 and 2' respectively.


Alverine

A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.


Clarithromycin

The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.


Clioquinol

A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.


Nootkatone

A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).


Limonene, (+/-)-

A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.


A trichlorophenol with phenolic substituents on positions 2, 4 and 6.


Isorhamnetin

A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.


Diethyl Phthalate

The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


Propoxyphene

The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.


chalcones

A ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropenone (benzylideneacetophenone), ArCH=CH(=O)Ar, and its derivatives formed by substitution.


Matairesinol

A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer).


oligosaccharide

A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues.


Meperidine

A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.


Nuarimol

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nuarimol. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a systemic fungicide but is not approved for use within the European Union.


Acridines which are substituted in any position by one or more amino groups or substituted amino groups. Note that the term 'aminoacridine' is the International Prorietary Name (INN) for 9-aminoacridine.


Ketanserin

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.


Aripiprazole

An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.


Ofloxacin

An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.


Phenol red

3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.


Diflunisal

An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.


Sumatriptan

A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.


Bitertanol

A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O-1 by a biphenyl-4-yl group.


Amoxapine

A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.


Tetrabenazine

A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.


Monoisononyl phthalate

A phthalic acid monoester obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of isononanol.


Monoethyl phthalate

A phthalic acid monoester resulting from the condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with ethanol.


Pimozide

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.


Dimercaprol

A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.


Benzophenone

The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.


A nitrile that is acetonitrile in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group while a second hydrogen is replaced by a 4-hydroxybenzyl group. It is a specific agonist for estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta).


Benzamide

An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.


Schiff base

An imine bearing a hydrocarbyl group on the nitrogen atom R2C=NR' (R' =/= H).


A thiochromane that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzothiopyran S,S-dioxide in which the hydrogens at position 4 are both replaced by methyl groups, the hydrogens at position 7 is replaced by a heptyloxy group, while the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a 1-phenylprop-1-en-2-yl group, the phenyl group of which is substituted at the para position by a carboxy group. It is a selective antagonist for retinoic acid receptor alpha.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine. A potent and selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2 receptor) inverse agonist (Ki = 0.6 nM).


Bengal rose

An organic potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-hydroxy-3-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.


Thiazole

An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom.


Hydrocodone

A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.


Norethindrone

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.


Ketorolac

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.


Enoxacin

A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.


p,p'-DDD

A chlorophenylethane that is 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane substituted by two chloro groups at position 1. It is a metabolite of the  organochlorine insecticide, DDT.


A substituted aniline that is benzamide in which one of the meta- hydrogens is replaced by an amino group.


Ethylisopropylamiloride

A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.


A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.


Fomepizole

A member of the class of  pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.


The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.


Iloprost

A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.


A pyridone that is pyridin-2(1H)-one substituted by chloro groups at positions 3, 5 and 6. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical chlorpyrifos.


5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid

A tetrahydrofolic acid that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 5.


Spiperone

An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.


A member of the class of  phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4.


A sulfonamide compound having a 4-nitrosophenyl group attached to the sulfur atom and a 1,2-oxazol-3-yl group attached to the nitrogen atom.


Tetracaine

A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.


Synephrine

A  phenethylamine alkaloid that is 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and a methyl group at the amino nitrogen.


Metronidazole

A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.


Pencycuron

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea which is substituted by p-chlorobenzyl and cyclopentyl groups at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 3. A fungicide used to control diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pellicularia spp. It is not highly toxic to mammals but is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms.


A monohydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7.


Alprenolol

A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.


2,2',4-Tribromodiphenyl ether

A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 2', and 4 positions have been replaced by bromines.


Bethanechol

The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.


Echothiophate iodide

The iodide salt of ecothiopate. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, it is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate.


Hinokiflavone

A biflavonoid that is apigenin substituted by a 4-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)phenoxy group at position 6. A diflavonyl ether, it is isolated from Rhus succedanea and has been found to possess significant cytotoxic potential.


pyrrolizidine alkaloid

An alkaloid based on the structure of pyrrolizidine.


Rucaparib

A member of the class of azepinoindoles that is 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-6H-azepino[5,4,3-cd]indol-6-one carrying additional 4-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2 and 8 respectively. It is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and is used (as the camsylate salt) as monotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer and deleterious germline or somatic BRCA mutation.


An organic phosphonate that is the tetraethyl ester of  [2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethene-1,1-diyl]bis(phosphonic acid).


Phenyl isocyanate

An isocyanate composed of a benzene ring bearing a single isocyanato substituent.


Resiniferatoxin

A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).


thiol

An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.


Povpc

A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine having palmitoyl and 5-oxovaleryl groups at the 1- and 2-positions respectively; major species at pH 7.3.


Indigo carmine

An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.


Benzo(f)thieno(2,3-c)quinoline-9,10-diol, 4,5,5a,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2-propyl-, hydrochloride, (5aR,11bS)-rel-


Congo red

An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.


Capsazepine

A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.


Kynuramine

A member of the class of kynurenamines that is aniline substituted at position 2 by a 3-aminopropanoyl group.


A mononitronaphthalene substituted by a nitro group at position 1.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines.


Diclofop-methyl

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid with methanol.


Hydrochlorothiazide

A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.


phosphatidyl-L-serine

A class of aminophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxy group of serine.


Rebaudioside A

A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.


Ethylenediamine

An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.


A benzoquinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol.


Malaoxon

A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio group.


Caffeic acid methyl ester

An alkyl caffeate ester formed by the formal condensation of caffeic acid with methyl alcohol.


An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.


Cetirizine

A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.


Taurolithocholic acid

The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.


Muscimol

A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.


Thiophanate

A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.


Tempo

A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and  methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.


Venetoclax

A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion.


Brain PI(4,5)P2

A 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as stearoyl and arachidonoyl respectively.


Pefloxacin

A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.


Mexiletine

An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.


Anthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.


s-Hexylglutathione

An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the hydrogen of the thiol has been replaced by a hexyl group (PDB entry: 1PN9).


Cupric nitrate

An inorganic nitrate salt having copper(2+) as the couterion.


Zwitterionic form of 6-aminohexanoic acid arising from migration of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


A dichlorobiphenyl that is 1,3-dichlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a phenyl group.


A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere,  2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.


2-Hydroxyphytanic acid

An alpha-hydroxy fatty acid formed from phytanic acid by bacterial cytochrome P450; and also formed in human peroxisomal disorders.


N-ethylmaleimide

A member of the class of  maleimides that is the N-ethyl derivative of maleimide.


A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.


Phenylalanylserine

A dipeptide that is the N-(L-phenylalanyl) derivative of L-serine.


An aromatic ether that is bisphenol F where the hydrogens of both hydroxy groups have been replaced by a oxiran-2-ylmethyl group.


A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.


Docosapentaenoic acid

The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions.


Acebutolol

An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.


Russian VX

A organic thiophosphate that is the isobutyl ester of S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent developed by the former Soviet Union.


Cadaverine

An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine comprising a straight-chain pentane core with amino substitutents at positions 1 and 5. A colourless syrupy liquid diamine with a distinctive unpleasant odour, it is a homologue of putresceine and is formed by the bacterial decarboxylation of lysine that occurs during protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. It is also found in plants such as soyabean.


Emtricitabine

An organofluorine compound  that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


Paliperidone Palmitate

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone palmitate. A long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone (the major active metabolite of risperidone) that is used for treatment of schizophrenia.


Ethylparaben

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol,


Azelastine

A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.


A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.


Clemizole

A member of the class of  benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl and a 4-chlorobenzyl groups at positions 2 and 1 respectively.


Propanil

An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.


Norfloxacin

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.


Enrofloxacin

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.


A UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine in which the anomeric centre of the galactosamine moiety has alpha-configuration.


Cytochalasin B

An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.


Danthron

A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.


mesoporphyrin IX

A member of the class of mesoporphyrins obtained by formal hydrogenation of the two vinyl groups in protoporphyrin.


anti-inflammatory agent

Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.


ar-Turmerone

A sesquiterpenoid that is 2-methylhept-2-en-4-one substituted by a 4-methylphenyl group at position 6. It has been isolated from Peltophorum dasyrachis.


Lysergide

An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.


An indole that is 1H-indole substituted at positions 2, 3 and 7 by cyano, iodo and 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy groups respectively.


leucettine L41

A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a (2-anilino-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-ylidene)methyl group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of DYRK1A, DYRK2, CLK1, and CLK3 (IC50s = 0.04, 0.035, 0.015, and 4.5 muM, respectively).


Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid

A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.


Acridine orange

A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.


3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.


Triethyl phosphate

A trialkyl phosphate that is the triethy ester derivative of  phosphoric acid.


Amisulpride

A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 2-(aminomethyl)-1-ethylpyrrolidine. It is a potent, selective dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. It is an atypical antipsychotic/antischizophrenic agent with limited extrapyrimidal side effects.


Sulconazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.


Chryseriol

The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.


A glycotriaosylceramide having alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl as the glycotriaosyl component attached to the Cer(d18:1/24:0).


Quinpirole

A pyrazoloquinoline that is  (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.


A hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4. A ryanodine receptor agonist.


Scarlet red

A bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a {2-methyl-4-[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.


alkane-alpha,omega-diamine

A primary diamine that is ethane or a higher alkane in which a hydrogen of each of the terminal methyl groups has been replaced by an amino group. H2NCH2(CH2)nCH2NH2, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc.


Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone

A member of the  dihydrochalcones that is 3,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone attached to a neohesperidosyl residue at position 4' via glycosidic linkage. It is found in sweet orange.


Sotalol

A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.


A qinazoline derivative carrying chloro and fluoro substituents at positions 6 and 8 respectively, a 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl group at position 7, and a 4-(prop-2-enoyl)piperazin-1-yl group at position 4. A potent, selective, and orally bioavailable covalent KRAS-G12C inhibitor, it inhibits the protein coding gene KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) with high potency in cells and animals.


Norathyriol

A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.


alpha-Methylhistamine

An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.


An imidazobenzodiazepine that is midazolam in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of the anesthetic, midazolam.


Fluphenazine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the N-10 position.


Diheptyl phthalate

The diheptyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


A methylindole that is 1H-indole substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


Mesulergine

A member of the class of ergot alkaloids that is known to act on serotonin and dopamine receptors.


Lilly 117018

A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is raloxifene in which the piperidin-1-yl group has been replaced by a pyrrolidin-1-yl group.


Neostigmine

A  quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.


Dimethyldithiocarbamate

A member of the class of dithiocarbamate anions resulting from the removal of the proton from the dithiocarbamic acid moiety of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.


Quinizarin

A dihydroxyanthraquinone having the two hydroxy substituents at the 1- and 4-positions; formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of two hydrogen atoms by hydroxy groups


A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by bromines.


Oxybutynin

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.


A ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group. It is found in a variety of fruits including raspberries, blackberries and cranberries, and is used in perfumery and cosmetics.


Trazodone

An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.


A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


Kresoxim-Methyl

A carboxylic ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino){2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acetic acid. A fungicide for the control of scab on apples and pears and other fungal diseases on a wide range of crops.


A monohydroxyflavanone in which the hydroxy group is located at position 3'.


Allysine

An optically active form of allysine having L-configuration.


8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid

A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.


Acenaphthene

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derived from naphthalene by the addition of an ethylene bridge connecting C-1 and C-8.


Medroxyprogesterone

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17 and a methyl group at position 6.


quinolines

A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring.


An aminoalkylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a ethanamino group at position 2.


A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.


Alcuronium

An indole alkaloid of the curare family. A neuroblocker, it is often used in chloride form as an anesthesia adjuvant.


leukotriene B5

A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid carrying (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.


Tetrachlorohydroquinone

A tetrachlorobenzene that is 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by hydroxy groups.


A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).


chromones

A chromenone that consists of a 1,4-benzopyrone skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


Copper(I) chloride

An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.


A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3.


N-Benzoyl-L-alanine

An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid.


An aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.


A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.


An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.


L-cysteine substituted at sulfur by a 2-boronoethyl group.


A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-methylcuomarin which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. A hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor. It has also been used as a fluorescent sensor to monitor the consumption of a boronic acid in Suzuki coupling reactions; fluorescence is readily detectable by the naked eye using a standard 365 nm UV lamp.


Dofetilide

A tertiary amino compound that is N-ethyl-N-methylethanamine substituted by a 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenoxy and a 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl group at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. It is used as an  anti-arrhythmia drug.


A mononitrotoluene that consists of toluene bearing a nitro substituent at the 4-position.


Benzoyl chloride

An acyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group. It is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.


Didanosine

A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.


Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides


Lumacaftor

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid with the aromatic amino group of 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.


Geranyl acetate

A monoterpenoid that is the  acetate ester derivative of  geraniol.


A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine


Sucralose

A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.


A member of the class of phenols that is phenol carrying a butan-2-yl group at position 2.


A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.


Ritanserin

A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.


Diflubenzuron

A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.


Azilsartan

A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension.


3beta-(4-Iodophenyl)tropan-2beta-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester


p-Coumaraldehyde

A cinnamaldehyde that is (E)-cinnamaldehyde substituted at position 4 on the phenyl ring by a hydroxy group.


Steviolbioside

A beta-D-glucoside that is steviolmonoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the glucoside moiety has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside.


Difloxacin

A quinolone that is pefloxacin in which the ethyl group at position 1 of the quinolone has been replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group. A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is used (usually as the monohydrochloride salt) for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs.


Pyrrolidine

A cyclic amine whose five-membered ring contains four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom; the parent compound of the pyrrolidine family.


An  aminopyrimidine carrying an amino group at position 2.


A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.


Practolol

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.


9-Anthracenecarboxylic acid

An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.


Diniconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-diniconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including mildew, bunts and smuts.


7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropan(b)chromen-1a-carbxoylic acid ethyl ester


The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.


quaternary ammonium salt

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, (NH4(+))Y(-), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups.


benzimidazoles

An organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring.


A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two phenyl substituents at positions 4 and 7.


A 3-hydroxy steroid resulting from deoxygenation at position 17 of estradiol or estrone.


A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.


alpha-Lactose

The alpha-anomer of lactose.


A phenylacetaldehyde in which the 3 and 4 positions of the phenyl group are substituted by hydroxy groups.


A maleate salt that is the dimaleate salt of 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.


Methiothepin

A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).


Flupentixol

A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.


Quinclorac

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-8-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 have been replaced by chlorines. It is used (particularly as its dimethylamine salt, known as quinclorac-dimethylammonium) as a (rather persistent) herbicide for the post-emergence control of weeds in rice, grass and turf. It is not approved for use within the European Union.


Lignin

A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.


Octyl hydrogen phthalate

A phthalic acid monoester obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of octanol.


An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes).


A trichlorophenol carrying chloro groups at positions 2, 4 and 5.


Butylbenzene

An  alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted by a butyl group at position 1.


Fluroxypyr

An aminopyridine that is pyridin-4-amine substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 5, a fluoro group at position 6 and a carboxymethoxy group at position 2.


Epitestosterone

An androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone.


Bursehernin

A butan-4-olide that is (-)-pluviatolide in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding methyl ether.


Tamsulosin

A 5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide that has (R)-configuration. A specific alpha1 adrenoceptor antagonist used (generally as its hydrochloride salt, tamsulosin hydrochloride) in the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, urinary retention, and help with the passage of kidney stones.


Monobenzone

The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone.  It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.


Rhodium

A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.


Benzimidazole

The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.


Trimethyl phosphate

A trialkyl phosphate that is the trimethyl ester of phosphoric acid.


Hexamethylenediamine

A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.


An organofluorine compound that is uridine bearing a fluoro substituent at position 5 on the uracil ring.


Cyclohexanone

A cyclic ketone that consists of cyclohexane bearing a single oxo substituent.


A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is carrying an isopropyl group at position 4.


Menthofuran

A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.


A member of the class of phenols that is o-cresol in which the hydrogen para to the hydroxy group is replaced by a chlorine.


Nemonapride

A racemate composed of (2S,3S)- and (2R,3R)-enantiomers of nemonapride. Highly potent dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist; selective over D1-like receptors (Ki values are 0.1 and 740 nM for D2-like and D1-like receptors respectively). Also potent 5-HT1A receptor agonist (IC50 = 34 nM) and has affinity for sigma receptors.


A member of the class of  benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and the anilino group of 4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.


Perylene

An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.


Betaxolol

A  propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydoxy is substituted by a 4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenyl group and one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group is substituted by isopropyl. It is a selective  beta1-receptor blocker and is used in the treatment of glaucoma as well as hypertension, arrhythmias, and coronary heart disease. It is also used to reduce non-fatal cardiac events in patients with heart failure.


Pymetrozine

A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a (pyridin-3-ylmethylidene)amino group at position 4.


Favipiravir

A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.


technetium 99m tricarbonyl 4-((2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)dithioformate


Fleroxacin

A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.


Lomefloxacin

A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.


N-hydroxyacetimidic acid

A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.


Vortioxetine

An N-arylpiperazine in which the aryl group is specified as 2-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]phenyl. Used (as its hydrobromide salt) for treatment of major depressive disorder.


Chromotrope 2R

An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 4,5-dihydroxy-3-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid. It is used as the plasma stain in trichrome techniques.


boronic acids

Compounds having the structure RB(OH)2.


10-Dodecenoic acid, 9-hydroxy-12-oxo-, (10E)-


beta-Carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid

An aromatic carboxylic acid that is phenazine substituted at C-1 with a carboxy group.


Wieland-gumlich aldehyde

A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C19H22N2O2, isolated from several species of Strychnos.


Ricinoleic acid

A (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid in which the 12-hydroxy group has R-configuration..


Nisoxetine

A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.


Neotame

A dipeptide composed of N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-aspartic acid and methyl L-phenylalanate units joined by a peptide linkage.


A hexadecenal containing a double bond at position 11 (the cis-stereoisomer). Major pheromone component detected in the whole-animal male Helicoverpa zea antennal preparations


Metergoline

An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.


Nociceptin

A seventenn-membered polypeptide consisting of Phe, Gly, Gly, Phe, Thr, Gly, Ala, Arg, Lys, Ser, Ala, Arg, Lys, Leu, Ala, Asn and Gln residue joined in sequence.


Mevalonolactone

A 4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one that has (R)-configuration. It is a natural product found in Phomopsis archeri.


Glycycoumarin

A member of the class of  coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 5, a prenyl group at position 6 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3.  Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antispasmodic activity.


butyryl-CoA

A short-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of butyric acid.


Alizarin Red S

An organic sodium salt having  3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.


A member of the class of beta-carbolines that is 9H-beta-carboline substituted by a methoxy group at position 7 and methyl groups at positions 1 and 2. It is a semisynthetic derivative of harmine and has been shown to exhibit significant anti-HIV activity.


A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of 1'-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[2,3-f]indole-3,4'-piperidine]. Selective 5-HT1B receptor antagonist (pKi = 8.2). Displays >60-fold selectivity over 5-HT1D, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1E, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in radioligand binding and functional assays. Centrally active following oral administration in vivo.


Noladin ether

A monoalkylglycerol that is glycerol which is substituted by a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraen-1-yl group at position 2.


monobactam

Monocyclic, bacterially produced or semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic. It lacks the double ring construction of the traditional beta-lactam antibiotics and can be easily synthesized.


A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine bearing a [(2',6'-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]methyl group at position 2. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.


Piceatannol

A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl with hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4'.


A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.


Tolylfluanid

A member of the class of sulfamides that is dichlofluanid in which the hydrogen at the para position of the phenyl group is replaced by a methyl group. A fungicide first marketed in 1971 and used in the cultivation of fruit and vegetables, as well as in wood preservatives, it is no longer approved for use in the European Union.


A member of the class of  chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4'.


A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.


A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.


4,4'-Dipyridyl disulfide

An organic disulfide obtained by formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-thiopyridine.


A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.


MYCN_HUMAN N-myc proto-oncogene protein (sprot)

An N-myc proto-oncogene protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


TEAD1_HUMAN Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-1 (sprot)

A transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VENTX_HUMAN Homeobox protein VENTX (sprot)

A homeobox protein VENTX that is encoded in the genome of human.


PO5F1_HUMAN POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 (sprot)

A POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZSC10_HUMAN Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 10 (sprot)

A zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


forkhead box protein P1 isoform h8 (human)

A forkhead box protein P1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9H334-8.


KLF4_HUMAN Krueppel-like factor 4 (sprot)

A krueppel-like factor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PBX1_HUMAN Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (sprot)

A pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRD14_HUMAN PR domain zinc finger protein 14 (sprot)

A PR domain zinc finger protein 14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SALL4_HUMAN Sal-like protein 4 (sprot)

A Sal-like protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF3A_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF3A (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF3A that is encoded in the genome of human.


PCBP4_HUMAN Poly(rC)-binding protein 4 (sprot)

A poly(rC)-binding protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.