cellular response to cGMP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


response to salt

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.


vascular wound healing

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


response to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fibroblast growth factor stimulus.


negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.


An organic anion that is the conjugate base of (S)-warfarin, obtained by deprotonation of the hydroxy group.


sulfide

Any sulfur molecular entity that involves either covalently bonded or anionic sulfur.


negative regulation of collateral sprouting

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


cGMP-mediated signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.


negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


regulation of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis.


maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure

A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.


tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which a tail-anchored (TA) transmembrane protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. TA transmembrane protein, also named type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C- terminal transmembrane region.


SERP1_HUMAN Stress-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein 1 (sprot)

A stress-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytochrome b5 isoform 1 (human)

A cytochrome b5 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2 isoform h1 (human)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P51648-1.


SC61G_HUMAN Protein transport protein Sec61 subunit gamma (sprot)

A protein transport protein Sec61 subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


OTOF_HUMAN Otoferlin (sprot)

An otoferlin that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to glycoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.


multicellular organismal locomotion

Locomotion in a multicellular organism, i.e. self-propelled movement of a multicellular organism from one location to another.


response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


organic cyclic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound.


norepinephrine uptake

The directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


presynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis

The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides and neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a membrane-bounced dense in response to increased presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


adrenergic receptor activity

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Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


tropomyosin binding

Binding to tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.


regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized.


bile acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


Conjugate base of 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid.


STAR5_HUMAN StAR-related lipid transfer protein 5 (sprot)

A StAR-related lipid transfer protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NR1H4_HUMAN Bile acid receptor (sprot)

A bile acid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-methionine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


methionine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of methionine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


sulfur amino acid transport

The directed movement of amino acids containing sulfur (cystine, methionine and their derivatives) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


blood vessel endothelial cell migration involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during intussusceptive angiogenesis.


regulation of microvillus length

A process that modulates the length of a microvillus.


negative regulation of actin filament polymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.


acetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid.


host cell PML body

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A nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia) located within a cell of a host organism.


PCSK9_HUMAN Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (sprot)

A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPC1_HUMAN NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (sprot)

An NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to nutrient levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.


regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.


lymphocyte of B lineage

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A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex.


transcription preinitiation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), required for transcription.


lymphocyte activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


natural killer cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


response to interleukin-12

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus.


histone H3-K4 trimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.


B cell receptor apoptotic signaling pathway

An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


response to folic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.


response to cisplatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.


endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion

The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum.


stress-induced homeostatically regulated protein degradation pathway

A stress-inducible protein catabolic pathway that promotes protein quality control by accelerating the degradation of misfolded ER membrane and cytosolic proteins, as well as native proteins. The pathway starts with the activation, by stress, of the Nma111p/Ynm3p serine protease, which cleaves the stress-induced hydrophilin Roq1p, resulting in the generation of a Roq1p cleavage product that selectively interacts with Ubr1p, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Interaction with the Ubr1p type-1 substrate binding site reprograms the substrate specificity of this ubiquitin ligase resulting in the selective proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded and native proteins. The pathway ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Currently, NMA111, ROQ1, UBR1, RAD6, and CDC48 are considered to be involved in this quality control pathway.


SCF complex disassembly in response to cadmium stress

The disaggregation of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in response to cadmium stress.


ARC complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, additional protein subunits, and duplex siRNA; required for heterochromatin assembly and siRNA generation. Possibly involved in the conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA.


neuronal action potential propagation

The propagation of an action potential along an axon, away from the soma.


negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity.


negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.


acyltransferase activity, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor), with the acyl group being converted into alkyl on transfer.


pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).


citrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate. Citrate is widely distributed in nature and is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


respiratory chain complex II

A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.


succinate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + CoA + nucleotide triphosphate = nucleotide diphosphate + phosphate + succinyl-CoA.


IDH3A_HUMAN Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial (sprot)

An isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.


antisense RNA transcript catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antisense transcripts, i.e. transcripts that were produced from the antisense strand of a gene that produces a gene product and which often have a regulatory effect on the transcription of that gene product.


negative regulation of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES.


CEACAM1a-2S, signal peptide removed N-glycosylasparagine form (mouse)

A CEACAM1a-2S, signal peptide removed form (mouse) that includes at least one N-glycosylasparagine. UniProtKB:P31809-4, 35-278, MOD:00160.


pyruvate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.


lactate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons.


T1 B cell

A transitional stage B cell that migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and finally to the spleen. This cell type has the phenotype surface IgM-positive, surface IgD-negative, CD21-negative, CD23-negative, and CD62L-negative, and CD93-positive. This cell type has also been described as IgM-high, CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-positive, and CD23-negative.


mitochondrial pyruvate transmembrane transport

The process in which pyruvate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-N6-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + acetyl-CoA = (R)-N6-(S8-acetyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + CoA.


lysophosphatidylethanolamine

A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.


lysophosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion

A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of any lysophosphatidylethanolamine. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.


peptide transport

The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


dorsal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


anal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


IKIP_HUMAN Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase-interacting protein (sprot)

An inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase-interacting protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


LRC14_HUMAN Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 14 (sprot)

A leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


compound eye corneal lens development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells.


NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + a quinone = NAD(P)+ + a hydroquinone.


D-lactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


LDHD_LACDA D-lactate dehydrogenase (sprot)


SUCA_HUMAN Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial (sprot)

A succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-20 binding

Binding to interleukin-20.


IL20_MOUSE Interleukin-20 (sprot)

An interleukin-20 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Fc-epsilon receptor I complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-epsilon RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-episilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgE.


mast cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a mast cell, a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


Kit signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell.


stem cell factor receptor binding

Binding to a stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), a type III transmembrane kinase receptor.


serotonin secretion by mast cell

The regulated release of serotonin by a mast cell or group of mast cells.


IgE binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype.


IgE receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


Catalysis of the 3-O-acetylation of a trichothecene. Trichothecenes are sesquiterpene epoxide mycotoxins that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis.


mycotoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


GID complex

A protein complex with ubiquitin ligase activity that, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is involved in proteasomal degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during the transition from gluconeogenic to glycolytic growth conditions. It appears to play a broader role in cellular homeostasis and development in other species.


protein glutathionylation

The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.


synaptonemal complex organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.


protein urmylation

Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein URM1 to another protein.


tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


elongator holoenzyme complex

A heterohexameric protein complex composed two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA.


outer plaque of mitotic spindle pole body

One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm.


astral microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles.


initial mitotic spindle pole body separation

The release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) that begins with the nucleation of microtubules from each SPB within the nucleus, leading to V-shaped spindle microtubules. Interpolar microtubules that elongate from each pole are interconnected, forming overlapping microtubules. Capturing and antiparallel sliding apart of microtubules promotes the initial separation of the SPB.


establishment of spindle localization

The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell.


proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex

The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.


18S rRNA aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-methylpseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N1-methyl-N3-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]pseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine.


ubiquitin ligase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ubiquitin ligase.


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pyridoxal biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.


atrioventricular canal morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an atrioventricular canal is generated and organized.


glial cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.


medial fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. A medial fin is an unpaired fin of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


proteasome complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a proteasome complex into its constituent components.


GTP cyclohydrolase 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human GCH1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


glucuronate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


histone butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + histone = CoA + butyryl-histone.


peptidyl-lysine butyrylation

The butyrylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Butyryl is the univalent radical C3H7COO- derived from butyric acid.


G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


kisspeptin receptor binding

Binding to a kisspeptin receptor.


regulation of fear response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.


CTRC_MOUSE Chymotrypsin-C (sprot)

A chymotrypsin-C that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NQO1_HUMAN NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (sprot)

An NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AZIN1_HUMAN Antizyme inhibitor 1 (sprot)

An antizyme inhibitor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G-protein beta-subunit binding

Binding to a G-protein beta subunit.


AMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


coenzyme A transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of coenzyme A from one side of a membrane to the other. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


glycerophosphate shuttle

The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


olfactory bulb interneuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb, from its initial commitment, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the salivary gland.


adaptive immune memory response involving T cells and B cells

An immune response mediated by reactivated memory T cells and B cells and directed against a previously encountered antigen, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the primary response.


granzyme A production

The appearance of granzyme A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


RNA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication.


Isw1b complex

An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc2p and Ioc4p.


Isw1a complex

An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc3p.


prechordal mesoderm

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The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate.


sulfolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfolipids, any compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.


homeostasis of number of retina cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the retina.


meiotic spindle pole

Either of the ends of a meiotic spindle, a spindle that forms as part of meiosis, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes.


negative regulation of protein homooligomerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.


Rpd3L complex

A histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones preferentially in promoter regions. Composed of a two copies of catalytic histone deacetylase subunit (S. pombe Clr6/ S. cerevisiae Rpd3p), an Sds-3 family protein (S. pombe /S. cerevisiae Sds3(p) ), two copies of SIN3 family co-repressor (S. pombe Pst1/ S. cerevisiae Sin3p, a WD repeat protein/ histone chaperone (S. pombe Prw1/ S. cerevisiae Ume1p), and a zf- PHD finger ( S. pombe Png2/ S. cerevisiae Pho23p), plus 4 additional subunits, and associated factors.


Rpd3L-Expanded complex

A protein complex that contains a histone deacetylase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.


negative regulation of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterochromatin formation at silent mating-type cassette.


negative regulation of rDNA heterochromatin formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin formation.


Zwitterionic form of O-acetyl-L-homoserine having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated alpha-amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of L-homocysteine; major species at pH 7.3.


POTE1_HUMAN Protection of telomeres protein 1 (sprot)

A protection of telomeres protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


leptotene

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.


positive regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


regulation of spindle assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.


positive regulation of trehalose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose catabolic process.


protein localization to spindle microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a spindle microtubule.


protein localization to nuclear periphery

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear periphery.


negative regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


mitotic sister chromatid biorientation

The mitotic cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable, end-on attachments to the plus ends of microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, oriented such that separation can proceed. This is the final step in metaphase plate congression.


regulation of protein localization to chromatin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin.


regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


negative regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


regulation of budding cell apical bud growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


protein localization to nuclear envelope

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a nuclear envelope.


regulation of fertilization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


tendon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon is a fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force.


microvascular endothelial cell

Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium.


retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized.


retina blood vessel maintenance

A retina homeostatic process preventing the degeneration of a retina blood vessel.


serine family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


spongiotrophoblast layer development

The process in which the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta progresses from its formation to its mature state.


regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


apolipoprotein binding

Binding to an apolipoprotein, the protein component of a lipoprotein complex.


forebrain generation of neurons

The process in which nerve cells are generated in the forebrain. This includes the production of neuroblasts from and their differentiation into neurons.


external genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis.


APOB_MOUSE Apolipoprotein B-100 (sprot)

An apolipoprotein B-100 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Zwitterionic form of L-asparagine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


LAT2_HUMAN Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 (sprot)

A large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


beta-Alanine

A naturally-occurring beta-amino acid comprising propionic acid with the amino group in the 3-position.


L-Homoarginine

An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.


L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid

A 2,4-diaminobutyric acid that has S-configuration.


TILARGININE

A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.


dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in salivary gland branching

The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.


isoaspartate

Formed following deamidation of asparagine or dehydration of aspartic acid via a metastable succinimide (cyclic imide) intermediate, which hydrolyzes to a mixture of aspartyl and isoaspartyl linkages.


N-methyl-D-aspartic acid

An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.


corneocyte

The dead keratin-filled squamous cell of the stratum corneum. This cell type lacks a nucleus.


Mre11 complex

Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.


DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via synthesis-dependent strand annealing.


Norrin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of the cysteine knot protein Norrin to a Frizzled 4 (Fzd4) family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.


asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.


skeletal muscle satellite cell activation

The change of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from a mitotically quiescent to a mitotically active state following exposure to some activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


monocyte proliferation

The expansion of a monocyte population by cell division.


inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.


alcohol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of a membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group.


organic hydroxy compound transport

The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.


catechol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-dopa + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 L-dopaquinone. This reaction catalyzes exclusively the oxidation of catechols (i.e., o-diphenols) to the corresponding o-quinones.


dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.


positive regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process.


fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism.


integrin complex

A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.


ribonucleoprotein granule

A non-membranous macromolecular complex containing proteins and translationally silenced mRNAs. RNA granules contain proteins that control the localization, stability, and translation of their RNA cargo. Different types of RNA granules (RGs) exist, depending on the cell type and cellular conditions.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex.


regulation of ferroptosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.


dicarboxylic acid transport

The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Nicotinate

A pyridinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of nicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


regulation of amacrine cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.


ITA2B_HUMAN Integrin alpha-IIb (sprot)

An integrin alpha-IIb that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.


IF4A2_HUMAN Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-II (sprot)

A eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-II that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of timing of neuron differentiation

The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron.


isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. The isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a isoleucine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. The asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an asparagine-accetping tRNA.


leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. The leucyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a leucine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. The valyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a valine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from ATP, amino acid, and tRNA with the release of diphosphate and AMP.


histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. The histidyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3''-OH group of a histidine-accetping tRNA.


threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. The threonyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a threonine-accetping tRNA.


The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. The lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a lysine-accetping tRNA.


arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. The arginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. A cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a cysteine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


phenylalanine-tRNA ligase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).


phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. However, unlike other class II enzymes, The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a phenylalanine-accepting tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


RBM33_HUMAN RNA-binding protein 33 (sprot)

An RNA-binding protein 33 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


host-mediated regulation of oral microbiota composition

The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells, such as the bacteria, in the mouth.


establishment of centrosome localization

The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location.


regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


glycosylceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.


T-helper 17 cell

CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-positive, and capable of producing IL-17.


regulatory B cell

A mature B cell that has the phenotype CD1d-positive and expresses interleukin-10. This cell type has been associated with suppression of chronic inflammatory responses and T cell responses.


defecation

The expulsion of feces from the rectum.


response to rapamycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.


respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.


multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.


organic substance metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.


lipid import into cell

The directed movement of a lipid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.


cellular lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


The 7alpha-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol.


A 7alpha,24-dihydroxycholesterol in which has S configuration at position 24.


An  oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted  by hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 22 (the 20R,22R-stereoisomer).


RNA methylation

Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor.


epsilon DNA polymerase complex

A heterotetrameric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes processive DNA synthesis in the absence of PCNA, but is further stimulated in the presence of PCNA. The complex contains a large catalytic subunit and three small subunits, and is best characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are named Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Some evidence suggests that DNA polymerase epsilon is the leading strand polymerase; it is also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair.


gene conversion

A DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor. The resulting acceptor sequence is identical to that of the donor.


DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA replication checkpoint, that prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.


maintenance of DNA repeat elements

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements.


replication fork arrest

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.


5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 unphosphorylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q8BRK8, Thr-172, PR:000026291.


5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 unphosphorylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q5EG47, Thr-183, PR:000026291.


5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 phosphorylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q8BRK8, Thr-172, MOD:00047.


5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 phosphorylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q5EG47, Thr-183, MOD:00047.


response to ionizing radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


protein-containing complex stabilizing activity

A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex, thus preventing an interaction with a factor that would promote dissociation of the complex.


DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex

A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 or a homolog thereof, and DNA ligase IV.


DNA-dependent protein kinase activity

DNA dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


protein kinase CK2 complex

A protein complex that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and contains two catalytic alpha subunits and two regulatory beta subunits. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are found in nearly every subcellular compartment, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein.


TTI2_HUMAN TELO2-interacting protein 2 (sprot)

A TELO2-interacting protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.


CAC1H_MOUSE Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H (sprot)

A voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TRPV1_MOUSE Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (sprot)

A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


effector T cell

A differentiated T cell with ability to traffic to peripheral tissues and is capable of mounting a specific immune response.


DGKI_MOUSE Diacylglycerol kinase iota (sprot)

A diacylglycerol kinase iota that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


sterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a sterol ester.


negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


glycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


regulation of phagosome maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagosome maturation.


regulation of vitamin A metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin A metabolic process.


induction of bacterial agglutination

Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.


water transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of water (H2O) from one side of a membrane to the other.


symbiont-containing vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a symbiont-containing vacuole, derived from both the host and symbiont.


adhesion of symbiont to host

The attachment of a symbiont to its host via either adhesion molecules, general stickiness, or other mechanisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retinol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of retinol from one side of a membrane to the other. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


photoreceptor inner segment membrane

The membrane surrounding the inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor. The photoreceptor inner segment contains mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.


N-retinylidenephosphatidylethanolamine

A Schiff base obtained by formal condensation of the aldehyde group of  all-trans-retinal with the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine.


beta-Ionone

An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.


An apo carotenoid compound arising from oxidative degradation of the beta,beta-carotene skeleton at the 10'-position.


STRA6_HUMAN Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6 (sprot)

A receptor for retinol uptake STRA6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


APOM_HUMAN Apolipoprotein M (sprot)

An apolipoprotein M that is encoded in the genome of human.


mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue

A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue.


heat generation

Any homeostatic process in which an organism produces heat, thereby raising its internal temperature.


sequestering of triglyceride

The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


negative regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway.


specific granule

Granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.


REPS1_HUMAN RalBP1-associated Eps domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A RalBP1-associated Eps domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SGIP1_HUMAN SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

An SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EPS15_HUMAN Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 (sprot)

An epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GAK_HUMAN Cyclin-G-associated kinase (sprot)

A cyclin-G-associated kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


AUXI_HUMAN Putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin (sprot)

A putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin that is encoded in the genome of human.


NECP1_HUMAN Adaptin ear-binding coat-associated protein 1 (sprot)

An adaptin ear-binding coat-associated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SNX18_HUMAN Sorting nexin-18 (sprot)

A sorting nexin-18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NECP2_HUMAN Adaptin ear-binding coat-associated protein 2 (sprot)

An adaptin ear-binding coat-associated protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITSN2_HUMAN Intersectin-2 (sprot)

An intersectin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SNX9_HUMAN Sorting nexin-9 (sprot)

A sorting nexin-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNAS1_HUMAN Ribonuclease pancreatic (sprot)

A ribonuclease pancreatic that is encoded in the genome of human.


syncytiotrophoblast cell differentiation involved in labyrinthine layer development

The process in which a chorionic trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of a syncytiotrophoblast of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.


trophectodermal cell proliferation

The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm.


bioactive lipid receptor activity

Combining with a bioactive lipid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. A bioactive lipid is a lipid for which changes in lipid levels result in functional consequences in a variety of cellular processes.


cochlear nerve

A nerve in the head that carries signals from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain. It is part of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the 8th cranial nerve which is found in higher vertebrates; the other portion of the 8th cranial nerve is the vestibular nerve which carries spatial orientation information from the semicircular canals. The cochlear nerve is a sensory nerve, one which conducts to the brain information about the environment, in this case acoustic energy impinging on the tympanic membrane. The cochlear nerve arises from within the cochlea and extends to the brainstem, where its fibers make contact with the cochlear nucleus, the next stage of neural processing in the auditory system[WP].


xylosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a xylosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an acetylcholine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


regulation of kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


post-embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.


Farnesylcysteine methyl ester

An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of S-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-L-cysteine.


regulation of bone resorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption).


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


GET complex

An endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex that is conserved in eukaryotics and that mediates the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane. In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.


protein folding chaperone complex

A protein complex required for the non-covalent folding or unfolding, maturation, stabilization or assembly or disassembly of macromolecular structures. Usually active during or immediately after completion of translation. Many chaperone complexes contain heat shock proteins.


mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity

Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide via direct binding (through a selective and non-covalent interaction) to nucleic acid.


protein-RNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-RNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


scavenger receptor activity

Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, amyloid-beta fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).


oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


intestinal stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of intestinal stem cells within a population of cells.


regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.


cilium-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear.


negative regulation of cellular respiration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.


vacuole-ER tethering

The attachment of a lytic vacuole to the endoplasmic reticulum, which may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


serine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + NADP+ = L-alpha-formylglycine + 2 H+ + NADPH.


acetoin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, often as part of a fermentation pathway or for use as a carbon source.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD(P)+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NAD(P)H + H+.


D-xylose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinose, arabino-pentose.


F-actin capping protein complex

A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.


ornithine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


presynaptic endocytic zone

A specialized region of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoplasm which surround the the active zone, into which synaptic vesicle membranes are recycled following exocytosis. It is especially enriched in endocytic proteins following intense activity.


presynaptic endocytosis

A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the presynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.


CTBP2_BOVIN C-terminal-binding protein 2 (sprot)


protein O-linked mannosylation

The transfer of mannose from dolichyl activated mannose to the hydroxyl group of a seryl or threonyl residue of a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.


photoreceptor cell terminal bouton

A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a photoreceptor cell axon. A photoreceptor cell is a neuron specialized to detect and transduce light.


cell tip

The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


mucous neck cell of gastric gland

A neck cell that secretes mucus within the stomach. Its products are distinct histochemically from those of the surface mucous cells of stomach.


A tetrasaccharide consisting of alternating D-glucuronic acid and D-xylosyl residues joined in sequence by (1->3)-linkages. A repeating unit in glycoprotein DAG1


FGF23_MOUSE Fibroblast growth factor 23 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor 23 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


presynaptic cytoskeleton

The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse.


trans-synaptic signaling via exosome

Transynaptic signaling in which the ligand is carried across the synapse by an exosome.


synaptic vesicle endosomal processing

The process in which synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic endosome followed by sorting of synaptic vesicle components and budding of new synaptic vesicles.


anterograde axonal protein transport

The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.


regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse.


regulation of synaptic vesicle docking

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle docking.


neurotransmitter catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.


structural constituent of presynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


regulation of presynapse organization

Any process that modulates the physical form of a presynapse.


trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


trans-synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft.


IL33_MOUSE Interleukin-33 (sprot)

An interleukin-33 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ANPRB_HUMAN Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (sprot)

An atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ANFC_HUMAN C-type natriuretic peptide (sprot)

A C-type natriuretic peptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex

The protein-ribosome-tRNA complex that has just recognized the start codon of a capped mRNA. It is composed of the small ribosomal subunit, eukaryote initiation factors (eIF) eIF3 complex, eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2-GDP, eIF4 complex and initiatior-methionine-tRNA. Recognition of the start codon triggers downstream steps in the pathway, including eIF1 dissociation; Pi release from eIF2; and conversion to the closed, scanning-arrested conformation of the PIC.


multi-eIF complex

A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.


methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA binding

Binding to methionine-initator methionine tRNA.


histone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a histone protein by individual cells.


embryonic cell (metazoa)

A cell of the embryo.


Pelargonidin

An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted by a hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'.


Benzo[b]fluoranthene

An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring.


A member of the class of pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine bearing additional tert-butyl and 4-chlorophenyl substituents at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases.


Potassium Chloride

A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.


Dexferrum

Please consider adding concept for iron dextran. CAS# 9004-66-4. Thank you.


Indoles

Any compound containing an indole skeleton.


A member of the class of phenanthrenes that is phenanthrene substituted by a methyl group at position 1.


flavones

A member of the class of flavonoid with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-arylchromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Sodium molybdate

An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.


CCR4-NOT core complex

The core of the CCR4-NOT complex. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Caf40p, Caf130p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p.


cardiac myofibril

A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


skeletal muscle myofibril

A myofibril of a skeletal muscle fiber.


maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum.


diaphragm development

The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs.


filtration diaphragm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a filtration diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.


pentitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


pentose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


calcium phosphate

A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.


ABCF1_HUMAN ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 1 (sprot)

An ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DEMA_HUMAN Dematin (sprot)

A dematin that is encoded in the genome of human.


A zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PIP_HUMAN Prolactin-inducible protein (sprot)

A prolactin-inducible protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


Gentian Violet

An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.


Homidium bromide

The organic bromide salt of ethidium.


Methyl methanesulfonate

A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with methanol.


regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


regulation of mRNA modification

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


central nervous system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


protein linear deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is removed from a protein.


cellular response to azide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.


posterior lateral line nerve

Cranial nerve which enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines.


CHRAC

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


DNA polymerase processivity factor activity

An enzyme regulator activity that increases the processivity of polymerization by DNA polymerase, by allowing the polymerase to move rapidly along DNA while remaining topologically bound to it.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle.


HIKES_HUMAN Protein Hikeshi (sprot)

A protein Hikeshi that is encoded in the genome of human.


HSBP1_HUMAN Heat shock factor-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A heat shock factor-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRYAB_HUMAN Alpha-crystallin B chain (sprot)

An alpha-crystallin B chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


HSPB8_HUMAN Heat shock protein beta-8 (sprot)

A heat shock protein beta-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform 2 (human)

An interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + H2O = GlcMan(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + beta-D-glucopyranose.


glucosidase II complex

A heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the trimming of glucose residues from N-linked core glycans on newly synthesized glycoproteins.


box C/D RNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a box C/D type RNA that can carry out ribose-2'-O-methylation of target RNAs. Box C/D type RNAs are widespread in eukaryotes and in Archaea, suggesting that an RNA-based guide mechanism for directing specific RNA 2'-O-ribose methylations was present in the common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya.


mitochondrial ribosome

A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes.


copper chaperone activity

Directly binding to and delivering copper ions to a target protein.


regulation of cellular response to hypoxia

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.


CAT tailing

The C-terminal elongation of 60S-anchored stalled nascent polypeptide chains with untemplated alanine and threonine tails (CAT tails). CAT tails participate in the recognition of stalled nascent chains by the ribosome quality control sytem.


mitochondrial tRNA processing

The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group, in the mitochondrion.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of N(1)-methyladenosine 5'-monophosphate residue.


peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.


nuclear pore complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex.


regulation of myotube differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


acetylcholine receptor regulator activity

Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed.


regulation of synaptic activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.


detection of cold stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a cold stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


nuclear pore nuclear basket

A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.


maintenance of RNA location

Any process in which RNA is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.


DNA-binding protein Ikaros isoform Ik1 (human)

A DNA-binding protein Ikaros isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


chromaffin granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.


guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


ADP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport

The process in which a guanyl nucleotide is transported across a membrane.


regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


hippocampal pyramidal neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hippocampal pyramidal neuron, a pyramidal cell of the hippocampus.


hair-down neuron

The subcutaneous mechanoreceptors that innervate vellus hairs.


sensory neuron of dorsal root ganglion

A sensory neuron of the dorsal root ganglia that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord.


dorsal cochlear nucleus

The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the 'tuberculum acousticum'), is a cortex-like structure on the dorso-lateral surface of the brainstem. Along with the ventral cochlear nucleus, it forms the cochlear nucleus, where all auditory nerve fibers from the cochlea form their first synapses. [WP,unvetted].


hippocampal CA1-3 neuron

A neuron that has its soma located in CA1-3 of the hippocampus.


apoptosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the apoptosome, a multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process.


regulation of action potential firing threshold

Any process that regulates the potential at which an axon potential is triggered.


ceramide binding

Binding to a ceramide, a class of lipids composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. Ceramides are a major component of cell membranes.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


cation

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.


divalent metal cation

A metal cation with a valence of two.


ATP4A_HUMAN Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 (sprot)

A potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of protein glycosylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


junctional membrane complex

Complex formed in muscle cells between the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and invaginations of the plasma membrane (T-tubules).


RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex

A RNA methyltransferase complex that catalyzes the post-transcriptional methylation of adenosine to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In budding yeast, the MIS complex consists of Mum2p, Ime4p and Slz1p. In vertebrates, the complex consists of METTL3, METTL14 and associated components WTAP, ZC3H13, VIRMA, CBLL1/HAKAI and in some cases of RBM15 (RBM15 or RBM15B).


positive regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


B-1a B cell differentiation

The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1a B cells. B-1a B cells are B-1 cells that express CD5 and arise from fetal liver precursors.


negative regulation of stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.


pulmonary valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized.


RSH6A_HUMAN Radial spoke head protein 6 homolog A (sprot)

A radial spoke head protein 6 homolog A that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitotic DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


positive regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex

A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which are capable of catalyzing the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA and the subsequent synthesis of a smal stretch of DNA. The smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis.


transcription antitermination factor activity, DNA binding

Binds to DNA, typically within region of the promoter and transcribed region, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind DNA include the lambda Q protein.


carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.


transcription antitermination

A positive regulation of gene expression mechanism that allows RNA polymerase to continue transcription beyond a termination site, thus allowing expression of downstream genes under specific conditions.


regulation of neuronal action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


response to superoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.


endothelin production

The appearance of a endothelin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions.


atrioventricular node cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell. AV node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the atrioventricular node.


cardiac pacemaker cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.


phloem or xylem histogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


ergosterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. It is the most important of the D provitamins and is converted to vitamin D2 on irradiation with UV light.


radial spoke head 2

The portion of the radial spoke 2 that is orthogonal to the elongated stalk and which projects towards the central pair of microtubules within the ciliary axoneme.


radial spoke

Protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of a 9+2 type ciliary or flagellar axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. Composed of a stalk that attaches to each doublet microtubule and a globular structure (spoke head) that projects toward the central pair of microtubules.


MCM10_HUMAN Protein MCM10 homolog (sprot)

A protein MCM10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear origin of replication recognition complex

A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the nucleus.


radial spoke stalk

Protein complex forming the elongated portion of the radial spoke between the base which binds to the A-tubule of each microtubule outer doublet and the neck which connects to the spoke head within the ciliary or flagellum axoneme.


negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA during mitosis. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.


photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. The response may involve a change in conformation.


light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion

The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.


CoA-synthesizing protein complex

A multisubunit complex likely involved in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). In S. cerevisiae, the complex consists of at least Cab2, Cab3, Cab4 and Cab5 but may also include Sis2 and Vhs3. The latter subunits are shared by the GO:0071513 phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase complex that catalyses the third step of the coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway.


extrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane

The component of a mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


protein localization to pericentriolar material

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a pericentriolar material.


diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


monoacylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


ubiquinone binding

Binding to ubiquinone, a quinone derivative with a tail of isoprene units.


DNA transport

The directed movement of RNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.