hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) in response to lowered oxygen levels (hypoxia). Under hypoxic conditions, the oxygen-sensitive alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 dimerizes with a HIF1-beta subunit (also called ARNT or aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor nuclear translocator), translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of genes whose products participate in responding to hypoxia.


monoatomic anion transport

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The directed movement of a monoatomic anion, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are negatively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


branching involved in pancreas morphogenesis

The process in which the branches of the pancreas are generated and organized.


ovulation from ovarian follicle

The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus.


voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiomyocyte contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


zymogen granule

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme.


zymogen granule exocytosis

The release of intracellular molecules contained within the zymogen granule by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, requiring calcium ions.


response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.


positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.


sodium/iodide cotransporter

A protein that is a translation product of the human SLC5A5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


response to epinephrine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.


eisosome membrane domain/MCC

A plasma membrane part that is composed of a furrow-like plasma membrane domain and associated integral transmembrane proteins.


eukaryotic initiation factor 4G binding

Binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4G, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.


sno(s)RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary snoRNA family RNA transcript into a mature snoRNA (eukaryota) or sRNA (archaea).


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.


protein localization to eisosome filament

A process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a eisosome filament (also called linear eisosome), a filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.


regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling

A chromatin remodeling process that allows DNA repair enzyme to access genomic DNA and repair DNA lesions.


DNA alkylation

The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis.


regulation of response to reactive oxygen species

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.


mating-type region heterochromatin

Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.


positive regulation of RNA splicing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing.


Golgi to endosome transport

The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes.


regulation of inclusion body assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.


protein localization to prospore membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a prospore membrane.


vesicle fusion to plasma membrane

Fusion of the membrane of a vesicle with the plasma membrane, thereby releasing its contents into the extracellular space.


cellular response to manganese ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.


stress response to metal ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a metal ion stimulus.


cerebellum formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


SUMO ligase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a SUMO ligase.


Y-form DNA binding

Binding to a DNA segment shaped like a Y. This shape occurs when DNA contains a region of paired double-stranded DNA on one end and a region of unpaired DNA strands on the opposite end.


flap-structured DNA binding

Binding to a flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded length of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule.


VPS16_HUMAN Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog (sprot)

A vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VPS11_HUMAN Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog (sprot)

A vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VPS41_HUMAN Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog (sprot)

A vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VP33A_HUMAN Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A (sprot)

A vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A that is encoded in the genome of human.


VPS18_HUMAN Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog (sprot)

A vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of fibroblast migration

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


contractile fiber

Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.


laminin-10 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


chloride ion binding

Binding to a chloride ion (Cl-).


actin filament depolymerization

Disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.


nuclear envelope lumen

The region between the two lipid bilayers of the nuclear envelope; 20-40 nm wide.


ACTB_MOUSE Actin, cytoplasmic 1 (sprot)

An actin, cytoplasmic 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ACTN3_MOUSE Alpha-actinin-3 (sprot)

An alpha-actinin-3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


WASH complex

A protein complex that localizes at the surface of endosomes, where it recruits and activates the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. In human, the WASH complex is composed of F-actin-capping protein subunits alpha and beta, WASH1, FAM21, KIAA1033, KIAA0196 and CCDC53.


nerve

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures.


A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.


fast muscle cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A muscle cell that can develop high tension rapidly. It is usually innervated by a single alpha neuron.


adult somatic muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cell-substrate junction

A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


myotube cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


multicellular organism reproduction

The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.


reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen.


establishment of glial blood-brain barrier

Establishment of the glial barrier between the blood and the brain. The glial cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.


establishment of blood-nerve barrier

The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier.


olfactory nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


granular cell of epidermis

A keratinocyte of the epidermis that is characterized by containing granules of keratohyalin and lamellar granules.


chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

The chorda tympani is a nerve that branches from the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) inside the facial canal, just before the facial nerve exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen. Chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve) that serves the taste buds in the front of the tongue, runs through the middle ear, and carries taste messages to the brain. The chorda tympani is part of one of three cranial nerves that are involved in taste. The taste system involves a complicated feedback loop, with each nerve acting to inhibit the signals of other nerves. The chorda tympani appears to exert a particularly strong inhibitory influence on other taste nerves, as well as on pain fibers in the tongue. When the chorda tympani is damaged, its inhibitory function is disrupted, leading to less inhibited activity in the other nerves.


positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.


NECT2_HUMAN Nectin-2 (sprot)

A nectin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


afadin isoform h1 (human)

An afadin (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P55196-2.


CTNA1_HUMAN Catenin alpha-1 (sprot)

A catenin alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NECT3_HUMAN Nectin-3 (sprot)

A nectin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NECT1_HUMAN Nectin-1 (sprot)

A nectin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CADH2_HUMAN Cadherin-2 (sprot)

A cadherin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CADH3_HUMAN Cadherin-3 (sprot)

A cadherin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CADH5_HUMAN Cadherin-5 (sprot)

A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CADH4_HUMAN Cadherin-4 (sprot)

A cadherin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CADH6_HUMAN Cadherin-6 (sprot)

A cadherin-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CADH8_HUMAN Cadherin-8 (sprot)

A cadherin-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAD11_HUMAN Cadherin-11 (sprot)

A cadherin-11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAD12_HUMAN Cadherin-12 (sprot)

A cadherin-12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAD13_HUMAN Cadherin-13 (sprot)

A cadherin-13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAD15_HUMAN Cadherin-15 (sprot)

A cadherin-15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAD17_HUMAN Cadherin-17 (sprot)

A cadherin-17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAD18_HUMAN Cadherin-18 (sprot)

A cadherin-18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAD24_HUMAN Cadherin-24 (sprot)

A cadherin-24 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NECT4_HUMAN Nectin-4 (sprot)

A nectin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CADH9_HUMAN Cadherin-9 (sprot)

A cadherin-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CADH7_HUMAN Cadherin-7 (sprot)

A cadherin-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAD10_HUMAN Cadherin-10 (sprot)

A cadherin-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


dystroglycan complex

A protein complex that includes alpha- and beta-dystroglycan, which are alternative products of the same gene; the laminin-binding component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, providing a link between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton (in muscle cells) and the extracellular matrix. Alpha-dystroglycan is an extracellular protein binding to alpha-laminin and to beta-dystroglycan; beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein which binds alpha-dystroglycan and dystrophin.


regular cardiac myocyte

A cardiac myocyte that is connected to other cardiac myocytes by transverse intercalated discs (GO:0014704) at a regular interval.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by trans-synaptic protein complex.


morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet

The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.


negative regulation of cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


keratohyalin granule

A cytoplasmic, non-membrane bound granule of, at least, keratinocyte. Associated to keratin intermediate filaments and partially crosslinked to the cell envelope.


pigment metabolic process involved in developmental pigmentation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism.


chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A, mature form (mouse)

A chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A, pro-form (mouse) that has had the activation peptide removed by proteolytic cleavage. UniProtKB:P05208, 31-271.


DNA biosynthetic process

The biosynthetic process resulting in the formation of DNA.


oncogene-induced cell senescence

A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family.


protein localization involved in establishment of planar polarity

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a cell that contributes to the establishment of planar polarity.


positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production.


positive regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


structural constituent of skin epidermis

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an epidermal cutaneous structure.


desmosome assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


striated muscle thin filament

Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.


LIM domain-binding protein 3 isoform 6 (mouse)

A LIM domain-binding protein 3 isoform 6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


LIM domain-binding protein 3 isoform 1 (mouse)

A LIM domain-binding protein 3 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


polyamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, from one side of a membrane to the other.


female somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a female organism's soma.


mitochondrial protein processing

The peptide cleavage of mitochondrial proteins, including cleavage contributing to their import.


peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.


transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.


OPT_HUMAN Opticin (sprot)

An opticin that is encoded in the genome of human.


SCUB3_HUMAN Signal peptide, CUB and EGF-like domain-containing protein 3 (sprot)

A signal peptide, CUB and EGF-like domain-containing protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IBP4_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IBP5_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ECE2_HUMAN Endothelin-converting enzyme 2 (sprot)

An endothelin-converting enzyme 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex

A protein complex containing a secreted Wnt protein associated with its receptor, Frizzled (Fz), and co-receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) or LRP6.


DNA-templated transcription elongation

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase.


DNA-templated transcription termination

The completion of transcription: the RNA polymerase pauses, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, followed by the release of the RNA polymerase from its DNA template.


negative regulation of antisense RNA transcription

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.


Set1C/COMPASS complex

A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30.


regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.


meiotic DNA double-strand break formation

The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination.


skeletal muscle organ development

The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue.


regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


cardiac muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.


mRNA cleavage factor complex

Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules.


nuclear pore localization

Any process in which nuclear pores are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


transcription-dependent tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery

The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves cis-acting DNA sequences such as the TATA box and upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements, trans-acting transcriptional activators, and also the 3'-UTR of the transcript.


regulation of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress.


sterol transfer activity

Removes a sterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


sterol binding

Binding to a sterol, a steroid containing a hydroxy group in the 3 position, closely related to cholestan-3-ol.


intracellular sterol transport

The directed movement of sterols within cells.


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.


response to singlet oxygen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.


GMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


'de novo' XMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate, from simpler precursors.


purine nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


Adenosine Phosphate

A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.


adenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


HPRT_HUMAN Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (sprot)

A hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


AMPD2_HUMAN AMP deaminase 2 (sprot)

An AMP deaminase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AMPD1_HUMAN AMP deaminase 1 (sprot)

An AMP deaminase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + NH4(+) = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + 2H+.


'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.


'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).


AMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


purine nucleotide salvage

Any process which produces a purine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


purine nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


PUR8_HUMAN Adenylosuccinate lyase (sprot)

An adenylosuccinate lyase that is encoded in the genome of human.


AMP binding

Binding to AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


adenine binding

Binding to adenine, a purine base.


GMPR1_HUMAN GMP reductase 1 (sprot)

A GMP reductase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GMPR2_HUMAN GMP reductase 2 (sprot)

A GMP reductase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of hemopoiesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.


chromatin loop anchoring activity

Bridging together two DNA loop anchors together, maintaining a chromatin loop.


negative regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).


MAP-kinase scaffold activity

The binding activity of a molecule that functions as a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. Binds multiple kinases of the MAPKKK cascade, and also upstream signaling proteins, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Bringing together multiple enzymes and their substrates enables the signal to be transduced quickly and efficiently.


MAP kinase serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase threonine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase threonine + phosphate and MAP kinase serine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase serine + phosphate.


positive regulation of phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.


negative regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.


SAM domain binding

Binding to a SAM (Sterile Alpha Motif) domain, which is a 70-amino acid protein sequence that participates in protein-protein, protein-lipid, and protein-RNA interactions and is conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes.


signal transduction involved in filamentous growth

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Relaying of environmental signals promoting filamentous growth.


cell wall integrity MAPK cascade

A MAPK cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis.


histone H2BS14 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2B-serine (position 14) + ATP = histone H2B-phosphoserine (position 14) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 14 of histone H2B.


budding cell apical bud growth

Growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


bipolar cellular bud site selection

The process of defining subsequent sites of bud emergence such that budding takes place at alternating poles of a budding cell.


sterol import

The directed movement of a sterol into a cell or organelle. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


negative regulation of cell wall integrity MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.


thiol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R'C(R)SH + O2 = R'C(R)S-S(R)CR' + 2 H2O2.


regulation of protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).


protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation

The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.


cerebellar granular layer development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar granule layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


nuclear RNA export factor complex

A protein complex that contains two proteins (know in several organisms, including Drosophila, as NXF1 and NXF2) and is required for the export of the majority of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; localized in the nucleoplasm and at both the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic faces of the nuclear pore complex; shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


ATP transport

The directed movement of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


xenobiotic transmembrane transport

The process in which a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it, is transported across a membrane. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


osmosensory signaling via phosphorelay pathway

The series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a phosphorelay system.


phosphorelay response regulator activity

Responds to a phosphorelay sensor to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The activity of the response regulator is regulated by transfer of a phosphate from a histidine residue in the sensor, to an aspartate residue in the response regulator. Many but not all response regulators act as transcriptional regulators to elicit a response.


histone arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl = histone 3 L-citrullyl + NH4+, resulting in histone citrullination.


conjugation with cellular fusion

A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


structural constituent of cell wall

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall.


synaptosomal-associated protein 25 isoform 2 (mouse)

A synaptosomal-associated protein 25 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion.


positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.


larynx morphogenesis

The process in which the larynx is generated and organized. The larynx is a continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.


negative regulation of synapse maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse maturation.


syndecan binding

Binding to syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan (250-300 kDa) associated largely with epithelial cells.


type A cell of stomach

A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon.


transforming growth factor beta binding

Binding to TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types.


synaptic vesicle cycle

A biological process in which synaptic vesicles are loaded with neurotransmitters, move to the active zone, exocytose and are then recycled via endocytosis, ultimately leading to reloading with neurotransmitters.


laminin-1 binding

Binding to laminin-1, a glycoprotein trimer with the subunit composition alpha1, beta1, gamma1.


prostate gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.


salivary gland cavitation

The process in which the solid core of salivary epithelium gives rise to the hollow tube of the gland.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.


striated muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells.


prostate epithelial cord elongation

The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length.


positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that activates or increases the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.


regulation of proteolysis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.


regulation of prostatic bud formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.


mesenchymal smoothened signaling pathway involved in prostate gland development

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane Smoothened-type protein in the mesenchymal cells of the prostate that contribute to the progression of the prostate over time. This process contributes to lung development.


tracheoesophageal septum formation

The process that gives rise to the tracheoesophageal septum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


cell proliferation in external granule layer

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the external granule layer of the hindbrain. The external granule layer is the layer that originates from the rostral half of the rhombic lip in the first rhombomere.


regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


left lung development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a left lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the left lung and ends with the mature structure. The left lung is the lung which is on the left side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.


primary prostatic bud elongation

The increase in size of the prostatic bud as it forms.


negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


skeletal muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


right lung development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a right lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the right lung and ends with the mature structure. The right lung is the lung which is on the right side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.


hippocampus stratum oriens

Layer that is part of the CA fields of the hippocampus consisting of a narrow relatively cell free layer located deep to the pyramidal cell layer extending through areas CA1, CA2 and CA3. (adapted from Paxinos The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995).


diencephalon

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle.


5HT1B_CRIGR 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (sprot)


pharynx development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth.


poly(U) RNA binding

Binding to a sequence of uracil residues in an RNA molecule.


cytoplasmic side of membrane

The side of a membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear mRNA triggered by shortening of the poly(A) tail to below a minimum functional length.


P-body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


negative regulation of translational elongation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.


filamentous growth

The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


negative regulation of microglial cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process.


nucleotide salvage

Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


DCK_HUMAN Deoxycytidine kinase (sprot)

A deoxycytidine kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


fungal-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fungal-type cell wall.


regulation of MAPK export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


Tr1 cell

CD4-positive alpha-beta T cell with regulatory function that produces IL-10.


TSC22 domain family protein 1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A TSC22 domain family protein 1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RARB_MOUSE Retinoic acid receptor beta (sprot)

A retinoic acid receptor beta that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of sporulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


fungal-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a fungal-type cell wall. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.


positive regulation of division septum assembly

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of division septum formation. division septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.


regulation of proteasome assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.


regulation of flocculation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.


negative regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


positive regulation of type III interferon production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


facio-acoustic VII-VIII preganglion complex


serum response element binding

Binding to a serum response element (SRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.


positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.


regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


negative regulation of interleukin-12 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.


cellular response to dsRNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


positive regulation of biomineral tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


protein localization to tricellular tight junction

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a tricellular tight junction.


appetite-regulating hormone isoform 1 cleaved and non-octanoylated 1 (mouse)

An appetite-regulating hormone isoform 1 cleaved and non-octanoylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q9EQX0-1, 24-51, Ser-26, PR:000026291.


BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform 4 (human)

A BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.


response to transforming growth factor beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


immune system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.


paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized.


structural constituent of postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton.


morphogenesis of a branching epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized.


NFYC_HUMAN Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma (sprot)

A nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


NFYA_HUMAN Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha (sprot)

A nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


NFYB_HUMAN Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit beta (sprot)

A nuclear transcription factor Y subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of protein homodimerization activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.


cholangiocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cholangiocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cholangiocyte population. A cholangiocyte is an epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxybenzoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+.


carboxylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + acceptor + H2O = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


aldehyde catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.


ascospore wall

The specialized cell wall of the ascospore (spore), which is the product of meiotic division. Examples of this component are found in Fungi.


negative regulation of mesoderm development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


regulation of exocyst localization

Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.


regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.


budding cell isotropic bud growth

Unlocalized bud growth such that the entire surface of the bud expands evenly, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


regulation of protein localization to cell division site

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell division site.


negative regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.


negative regulation of translational frameshifting

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational frameshifting.


preribosome, small subunit precursor

A preribosomal complex consisting of 20S pre-rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating small subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic small ribosomal subunit.


regulation of lysosome size

Any process that modulates the size of a lysosome.


homologous recombination

A DNA recombination process that results in the exchange of an equal amount of genetic material between highly homologous DNA molecules.


negative regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.


photoreceptor cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.


SC23B_HUMAN Protein transport protein Sec23B (sprot)

A protein transport protein Sec23B that is encoded in the genome of human.


AAMP_HUMAN Angio-associated migratory cell protein (sprot)

An angio-associated migratory cell protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of cellular senescence

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.


PUR9_HUMAN Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC (sprot)

A bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC that is encoded in the genome of human.


PUR6_HUMAN Bifunctional phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (sprot)

A bifunctional phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase that is encoded in the genome of human.


PURA2_HUMAN Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 (sprot)

An adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UTP binding

Binding to UTP, uridine 5'-triphosphate.


'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD+ or oxygen.


'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors.


heart rudiment morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized.


cell migration involved in heart jogging

The orderly movement of a cell of the myocardium from one site to another that will contribute to heart jogging.


regulation of cilium movement

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + lipoamide = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.


peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation

The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine to form peptidyl-serine.


TNR22_MOUSE Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 22 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 22 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TNR23_MOUSE Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 23 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 23 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.


budding cell bud growth

The process in which the bud portion of a cell that reproduces by budding irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.


protein localization to septin ring

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a septin ring.


maltose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch.


UCK2_HUMAN Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (sprot)

A uridine-cytidine kinase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-)

The conjugate base of a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate compound.


serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1 phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1 (mouse) that has been phosphorylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Ser-2448 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9JLN9-1. UniProtKB:Q9JLN9-1, Ser-2448, MOD:00046.


serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1 unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1 (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation at at position equivalent to Ser-2448 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9JLN9-1. UniProtKB:Q9JLN9-1, Ser-2448, PR:000026291.


long-chain fatty acid import into cell

The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.


polysome

A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of ribosomes held together by messenger RNA. They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro.


thermosensory behavior

Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature.


sperm motility

Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell.


cardiac ventricle

Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart.


regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.


wybutosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase.


dTMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).


tetrahydrofolate interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules.


A thymidine phosphate having a diphosphate group at the 5'-position.


NDKA_HUMAN Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (sprot)

A nucleoside diphosphate kinase A that is encoded in the genome of human.


purine nucleotide binding

Binding to a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide.


B3GNL_HUMAN UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like protein 1 (sprot)

A UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GN9_HUMAN UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 9 (sprot)

A UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GN6_HUMAN Acetylgalactosaminyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (sprot)

An acetylgalactosaminyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GN8_HUMAN UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8 (sprot)

A UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GN5_HUMAN Lactosylceramide 1,3-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase (sprot)

A UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of protein export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


mitotic spindle disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.


protein localization to nucleolus

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nucleolus.


Sid2-Mob1 complex

A protein complex that contains a protein kinase (Sid2 in S. pombe) and its regulatory subunit (Mob1). The Sid2p-Mob1p kinase complex is a component of the septation initiation network in fission yeast (called the mitotic exit network in S. cerevisiae) and is required for cytokinesis. The analogous complex in S. cerevisiae is called Dbf2p-Mob1p complex.


myoblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


GATOR2 complex

A multiprotein subcomplex of the GATOR complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In human, this complex consists of WDR24, WDR59, MIOS, SEH1L, and SEC13. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is referred to as SEACAT and contains the Sea2p, Sea3p, Sea4p, Seh1p, Sec13p proteins.


Leucine

The L-enantiomer of leucine.


MIO_HUMAN GATOR complex protein MIOS (sprot)

A GATOR complex protein MIOS that is encoded in the genome of human.


voltage-gated sodium channel complex

A sodium channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.


cardiac pacemaker cell of sinoatrial node

A nodal myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex

A multisubunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor which catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF2 for GTP, generating active eIF2-GTP. In humans, it is composed of five subunits, alpha, beta, delta, gamma and epsilon.


guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex

A protein complex that stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase.


positive regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.


positive regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


negative regulation of DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.


positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.


C-terminal protein demethylation

The removal of a methyl group from the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


regulation of unidimensional cell growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.


actinin binding

Binding to actinin, any member of a family of proteins that crosslink F-actin.


detoxification of iron ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of iron ion. These include transport of iron away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of iron ion.


intracellular manganese ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of manganese ions within a cell.


Oxido(oxo)iron

The inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of iron(III) oxide-hydroxide; major species at pH 7.3.


iron-sulfur cluster

An iron-sulfur cluster is a unit comprising two or more iron atoms and bridging sulfur ligands.


ACOHC_HUMAN Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase (sprot)

A cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase that is encoded in the genome of human.


FBXL5_HUMAN F-box/LRR-repeat protein 5 (sprot)

An F-box/LRR-repeat protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to angiotensin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.


positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands resulting in an increase in the rate or frequency of a MAPKKK cascade.


fibroblast growth factor binding

Binding to a fibroblast growth factor.


negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor production

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of phosphorus metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.


positive regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.


regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.


positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


Cysteaminium

An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of cysteamine; major species at pH 7.3.


phosphodiesterase I activity

Catalysis of the sequential hydrolytic removal of 5'-nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxy termini of 3'-hydroxy-terminated oligonucleotides.


negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.


inflammatory cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.


lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a lymphocyte, a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.


regulation of glomerular filtration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


negative regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


oxygen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2).


angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of angiotensin into the blood stream.


peptidyl-lysine modification

The modification of peptidyl-lysine.


nerve growth factor binding

Binding to nerve growth factor (NGF).


death receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.


detection of temperature stimulus

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus (hot or cold) is received and converted into a molecular signal.


insulin-responsive glucose:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+, in response to a stimulus by insulin. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


amylopectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amylopectin, the (1->4) linked alpha glucose units with alpha-(1->6) linkages.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = ethanolamine + 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


embryonic nail plate morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of a nail plate are generated and organized. The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin, and serves to protect the tips of digits.


ceramide transport

The directed movement of ceramides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.


positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury.


chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.


alveolar secondary septum development

The progression of a secondary alveolar septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A secondary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that subdivides the initial saccule.


negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.


substantia nigra development

The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).


regulation of collagen metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.


pheromone binding

Binding to a pheromone, a substance, or characteristic mixture of substances, that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle

A negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The relaxation is mediated by a decrease in the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain. This can be achieved by removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases leading to a decrease myosin light chain kinase activity, and through calcium-independent pathways leading to a increase in myosin light chain phosphatase activity.


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled

An RNA polymerase II transcription termination process in which cleavage and polyadenylylation of the mRNA 3' end are coupled to transcription termination.


cleavage in ITS2 between 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS2 between the 5.8S rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, exosome-dependent

The process in which transcription of nonpolyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; coupled to the maturation of the RNA 3'-end.


positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


ligand-gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


dihydrofolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.


regulation of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of heterochromatin formation at silent mating-type cassette.


snRNA transcription

The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template.


tryptophan catabolic process to indole-3-acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including indole-3-acetate.


indole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).


L-tryptophan transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-tryptophan across a membrane.


L-tryptophan decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + tryptamine.


tryptophanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H2O = indole + NH4 + pyruvate.


OXLA_HUMAN L-amino-acid oxidase (sprot)

An L-amino-acid oxidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-tryptophan aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tryptophan to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


multivesicular body-lysosome fusion

The organelle membrane fusion process in which the membrane of a multivesicular body fuses with a lysosome to create a hybrid organelle.


negative regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


SL9B2_HUMAN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9B2 (sprot)

A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SL9C1_HUMAN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 10 (sprot)

A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SL9A9_HUMAN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9 (sprot)

A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SL9A6_HUMAN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6 (sprot)

A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SL9A7_HUMAN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 7 (sprot)

A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SL9A8_HUMAN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 8 (sprot)

A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in).


intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic cations within a cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


cardiac muscle tissue growth

The increase in size or mass of a cardiac muscle, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.


sodium ion export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of sodium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


natriuretic peptides A isoform 1 (mouse)

An atrial natriuretic factor isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.


LTP_HHV11 Large tegument protein deneddylase (sprot)


positive regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked ubiquitination.


krueppel-like factor 4 ubiquitinated form (mouse)

A krueppel-like factor 4 (mouse) that includes at least one ubiquitinated lysine. UniProtKB:Q60793, MOD:01148.


ciliary body morphogenesis

The process in which the ciliary body generated and organized. The ciliary body is the circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.


regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


cellular response to pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


facial nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the facial nerve is generated and organized. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junctions.


positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development.


cardiac ventricle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


endothelin A receptor binding

Binding to an endothelin A receptor.


regulation of pH

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell.


protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG).


rhythmic excitation

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


positive regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


positive regulation of urine volume

Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


thermoception

The series of events required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Thermoception in larger animals is mainly done in the skin; mammals have at least two types of sensor, for detecting heat (temperatures above body temperature) and cold (temperatures below body temperature).


olfactory pit development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory pit from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the olfactory pit, which is an indentation of the olfactory placode, and ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx.


olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized features of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb.


interneuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of an interneuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. An interneuron is any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region, as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine

The process in which the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream activates, maintains or increases the rate of heart contraction.


negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream or released from the nerve endings.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin

The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the bloodstream modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. The process begins when renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen.


posterior midgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


semaphorin receptor activity

Combining with a semaphorin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of negative chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


trigeminal nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor axon

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


postganglionic parasympathetic fiber development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the postganglionic portion of the parasympathetic fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic fiber is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.


slit diaphragm

A specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.


negative regulation of stress fiber assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.


talin binding

Binding to a talin, a family of related cytoskeletal proteins that play a role in assembly of actin filaments and migration of various cell types.


negative regulation of ruffle assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.


peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


vinculin binding

Binding to vinculin, a protein found in muscle, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells that binds actin and appears to mediate attachment of actin filaments to integral proteins of the plasma membrane.


metanephric podocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


storage vacuole

A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules.


regulation of mitotic nuclear division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that decreases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


brain renin-angiotensin system

The process in which an angiotensin-mediated signaling system present in the brain regulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


regulation of renal output by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin directly modulates the rate of urine output by the kidney.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.


ubiquitin recycling

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell by recycling ubiquitin from proteasome-bound ubiquitinated intermediates.


tRNA wobble base cytosine methylation

The process in which the base of cytosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the C5 position.


endodermal cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


rhombomere 2 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 2 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


rhombomere 3 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 3 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


calcitonin receptor binding

Binding to a calcitonin receptor.


muscle myosin complex

A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.


regulation of RNA splicing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


protein decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[protein].


peptide crotonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: crotonyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-crotonyl-lysine-peptide.


MARE1_HUMAN Microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 1 (sprot)

A microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitotic metaphase

The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


mannosylphosphate transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosylphosphate group from one compound to another.


COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle

A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins. The COPII coat complex is formed by the Sec23p/Sec24p and the Sec13p/Sec31p heterodimers. COPII-associated vesicles transport proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus (anterograde transport).


otolith tethering

The attachment of a developing otolith to the kinocilia of tether cells in the inner ear.


A 2-amino-1-hydroxyoctadecan-3-one that has S-configuration.


ceramide phosphoethanolamine

Any of a class of phosphosphingolipids in which the amino group of a sphingoid base is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxy group of the sphingoid base is esterified to phosphorylethanolamine.


Any ceramide in which the acyl group carries a hydroxy substituent at position 2.


Sphinganine 1-phosphate

A sphingoid 1-phosphate that is the monophosphorylated derivative of  sphinganine.


SMS1_HUMAN Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1 (sprot)

A phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACER2_HUMAN Alkaline ceramidase 2 (sprot)

An alkaline ceramidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to acetylcholine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetylcholine stimulus.


positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.


monocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


ascospore-type prospore assembly

During ascospore formation, the process in which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane.