Dibromomethane

A member of the class of  bromomethanes that is methane substituted by two bromo groups. It is produced by marine algae.


4-Nitrobenzyl chloride

A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a chloromethyl group.


Mephobarbital

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.


A 7-methylguanine that is 7H-purine substituted by an amino group at position 2, a methyl group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6.


An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.


Norflurazon

A pyridazinone that is pyridazin-3(2H)-one which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, chloro, and methylamino groups, respectively. A pre-emergence herbicide used to control grasses and broad-leafed weeds in a variety of crops. Not approved for use within the European Union.


A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4.


Chlorotoluron

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups while the other is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl group. A herbicide that is non-toxic to honeybees but moderately toxic to mammals, birds, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.


A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.


muscarinic agonist

Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor.


Decylubiquinone

A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,3-dimethoxybenzoquinone which has been substituted at positions 5 and 6 by decyl and methyl groups.


galactolipid

A glycolipid and which the glyco component is specified as galactosyl.


NATEGLINIDE

An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Acalabrutinib

A member of the class of imidazopyrazines that is imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine substituted by 4-(pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl)phenyl, (2S)-1-(but-2-ynoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl, and amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 8, respectively. It is an irreversible second-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that is approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy.


Methoxyflurane

An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.


13-Oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid

An oxooctadecadienoic acid that is 9,11-octadecadienoic acid in which the oxo group is located at position 13.


An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.


A primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 6-positions are replaced by methyl groups. It is used in the production of some anasthetics and other chemicals. It is a drug metabolite of lidocaine (local anasthetic).


A maltotetraose tetrasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.


An organochlorine compound consisting of uracil having an chloro substituent at the 5-position.


Torsemide

An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.


A  primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 4-positions are replaced by methyl groups. A clear to yellow liquid, it is used in production of certain dyes, pesticides and other chemicals.


Moclobemide

A member of the class of  benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.


Riociguat

A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of {4,6-diamino-2-[1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}methylcarbamic acid. It is used for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension


ketone

A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).


Phenylacetic Acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.


Sulfamethazine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.


formate ester

An ester of formic acid.


analgesic

An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.


Dimethyltryptamine

A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.


An omega-aminoaldehyde that is butanal in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by an amino group.


Benzylideneacetone

The trans-isomer of  benzylideneacetone. It acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) of insects like diamond back moth.


A member of the class of  acetophenones that is acetophenone substituted at the para-position by a nitro group.


Zopiclone

A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.


A  primary arylamine that is the derivative of aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been substituted by fluorine. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, herbicides and plant growth regulators.


hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group.


N-Nitroso-N-methyl-4-aminobutyric acid

A nitrosamine that has methyl and 3-carboxypropyl substituents. It is a tobacco-derived nitrosamino acid that is a known animal and potential human carcinogen. It induces bladder transitional cell carcinomas in rats and has recently been identified as a contaminant in certain blood pressure medications.


amphetamines

Amines that constitute a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine.


acetophenones

A class or aromatic ketone consisting of acetophenone, PhC(=O)CH3, and its substituted derivatives.


Aspartic Acid

The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.


A member of the class of 4-nitroanisoles that is anisole in which one the hydrogen meta to the methoxy group is replaced by a nitro group.


Adenosine tetraphosphate

A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.


A diadenosyl pentaphosphate having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(5)-positions.


4,5-dihydropyrazole-1,5-dicarboxylic acid 1-((4-chlorophenyl)-amide) 5-(2-oxo-2H-(1,3')bipyridinyl-6'-yl)-amide


A 2'-deoxycytidine phosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.


Diadenosine hexaphosphate

A diadenosyl hexaphosphate in which the two adenosin-5'-yl groups are attached at the P(1) and P(6) positions.


Thiodiglycol

A diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex capable of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and containing subunits of any phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. These complexes are divided in three classes (called I, II and III) that differ for their presence across taxonomic groups and for the type of their constituents. Catalytic subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in all 3 classes; regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in classes I and III; adaptor proteins have been observed in class II complexes and may be present in other classes too.


perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The membrane of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum, which is the portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus.


negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.


regulation of stress fiber assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.


organelle localization

Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification

Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


morphogenesis of follicular epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized.


pole plasm assembly

Establishment of the specialized cytoplasm found at the poles of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


positive regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess

An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients.


regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


eating behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.


elastin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving elastin, a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.


regulation of protein localization to nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.


regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of absorption of cholesterol into the blood, and the exclusion of other sterols from absorption.


regulation of lipid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.


bile acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


regulation of metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


genomic imprinting

The establishment of epigenetic modifications (imprints) during gametogenesis, and propagation of these imprints during the organism's life. Genomic imprinting leads to an asymmetry between the maternal and paternal alleles and differential expression of the corresponding alleles. This can happen through heterochromatin formation or differential chromatin loop formation.


SUMO-specific endopeptidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within the small conjugating protein SUMO.


inositol tetrakisphosphate 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate.


inositol tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.


inositol tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.


histone H4 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H4. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine in small subunit ribosomal RNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + O2 + quercetin = 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate + CO.


STPAP_HUMAN Speckle targeted PIP5K1A-regulated poly(A) polymerase (sprot)

A speckle targeted PIP5K1A-regulated poly(A) polymerase that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM1B_HUMAN Lysine-specific histone demethylase 2 (sprot)

A lysine-specific histone demethylase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NEIL3_HUMAN Endonuclease 8-like 3 (sprot)

An endonuclease 8-like 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MCM8_HUMAN DNA helicase MCM8 (sprot)

A DNA helicase MCM8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IPMK_HUMAN Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (sprot)

An inositol polyphosphate multikinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


KMT2D_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D that is encoded in the genome of human.


PHF8_HUMAN Histone lysine demethylase PHF8 (sprot)

A histone lysine demethylase PHF8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DOT1L_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-79 specific (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-79 specific that is encoded in the genome of human.


SET1B_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1B (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KAD6_HUMAN Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 6 (sprot)

An adenylate kinase isoenzyme 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BAP1_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase BAP1 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase BAP1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP47_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP24_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 24 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 24 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP37_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 37 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 37 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP28_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 28 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 28 that is encoded in the genome of human.


pseudouridylate synthase 1 homolog isoform h2 (human)

A pseudouridylate synthase 1 homolog (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9Y606-2.


TRM1_HUMAN tRNA (guanine(26)-N(2))-dimethyltransferase (sprot)

An N(2),N(2)-dimethylguanosine tRNA methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


TM10A_HUMAN tRNA methyltransferase 10 homolog A (sprot)

A tRNA methyltransferase 10 homolog A that is encoded in the genome of human.


PUS7_HUMAN Pseudouridylate synthase 7 homolog (sprot)

A pseudouridylate synthase 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADAT1_HUMAN tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (sprot)

A tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NOP2_HUMAN Probable 28S rRNA (cytosine(4447)-C(5))-methyltransferase (sprot)

A probable 28S rRNA (cytosine(4447)-C(5))-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


FBRL_HUMAN rRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin (sprot)

An rRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin that is encoded in the genome of human.


NAT10_HUMAN RNA cytidine acetyltransferase (sprot)

An RNA cytidine acetyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SMYD2_HUMAN N-lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 (sprot)

An N-lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SETD9_HUMAN SET domain-containing protein 9 (sprot)

A SET domain-containing protein 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PPME1_HUMAN Protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 (sprot)

A protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 isoform h2 (human)

A tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P17706-2.


PIR_HUMAN Pirin (sprot)

A pirin that is encoded in the genome of human.


CSN5_HUMAN COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5 (sprot)

A COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PPM1E_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1E (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1E that is encoded in the genome of human.


JHD2C_HUMAN Probable JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 2C (sprot)

A probable JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 2C that is encoded in the genome of human.


UTY_HUMAN Histone demethylase UTY (sprot)

A histone demethylase UTY that is encoded in the genome of human.


CC14B_HUMAN Dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14B (sprot)

A dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM5A_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 5A (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 5A that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM5C_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 5C (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 5C that is encoded in the genome of human.


DUS3_HUMAN Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3 (sprot)

A dual specificity protein phosphatase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KMT5B_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase KMT5B (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase KMT5B that is encoded in the genome of human.


PADI6_HUMAN Protein-arginine deiminase type-6 (sprot)

A protein-arginine deiminase type-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM7A_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 7A (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 7A that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM3B_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 3B (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 3B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KMT5C_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase KMT5C (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase KMT5C that is encoded in the genome of human.


RIOX2_HUMAN Ribosomal oxygenase 2 (sprot)

A ribosomal oxygenase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM2B_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 2B (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 2B that is encoded in the genome of human.


NSD1_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-36 specific (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-36 specific that is encoded in the genome of human.


SETB2_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETDB2 (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETDB2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP26_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 26 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 26 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM5D_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 5D (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 5D that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP42_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 42 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 42 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ASH1L_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASH1L (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASH1L that is encoded in the genome of human.


PADI1_HUMAN Protein-arginine deiminase type-1 (sprot)

A protein-arginine deiminase type-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PADI3_HUMAN Protein-arginine deiminase type-3 (sprot)

A protein-arginine deiminase type-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PADI4_HUMAN Protein-arginine deiminase type-4 (sprot)

A protein-arginine deiminase type-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PADI2_HUMAN Protein-arginine deiminase type-2 (sprot)

A protein-arginine deiminase type-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM2A_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 2A (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 2A that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM3A_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 3A (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 3A that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP16_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 16 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP3_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 3 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


female sex differentiation

The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation.


Pyrin domain binding

Binding to a Pyrin (PAAD/DAPIN) domain, a protein-protein interaction domain that has the same fold as the Death domain.


striated muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.


establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.


adaptive thermogenesis

The regulated production of heat in response to short term environmental changes, such as stress, diet or reduced temperature.


extrinsic component of matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane

The component of the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


Oleate

A C18, long straight-chain monounsaturated fatty acid anion; and the conjugate base of oleic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


N-oleoyl-L-phenylalaninate

An N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of N-oleoyl-L-phenylalanine. The major species at pH 7.3.


intrahepatic bile duct development

The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver).


regulation of granulocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


IL6RA_HUMAN Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLF5_HUMAN Krueppel-like factor 5 (sprot)

A krueppel-like factor 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CSF3R_HUMAN Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (sprot)

A granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPI1_HUMAN Transcription factor PU.1 (sprot)

A transcription factor PU.1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MYB_HUMAN Transcriptional activator Myb (sprot)

A myb proto-oncogene protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


transcription factor PML isoform 4 (human)

A transcription factor PML isoform 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TAL1_HUMAN T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (sprot)

A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GATA2_HUMAN Endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (sprot)

An endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FLI1_HUMAN Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor (sprot)

A Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


LEF1_HUMAN Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (sprot)

A lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GFI1_HUMAN Zinc finger protein Gfi-1 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein Gfi-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CEBPE_HUMAN CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein epsilon (sprot)

A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human.


basal ganglion

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An individual member of a collection of basal ganglia. Basal ganglia are subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF,modified].


peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance

The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.


cellular response to peptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.


regulation of neuron projection development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


positive regulation of organ growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.


maternal placenta development

Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


cellular response to decreased oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.


mammalian oogenesis stage

A reproductive process that is a step in the formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell.


cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


glycogen cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glycogen cell of the placenta. A glycogen cell is a vacuolated glycogen-rich cell that appears in compact cell islets of the spongiotrophoblast layer.


post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

The process in which a protein translocates through the ER membrane posttranslationally.


protein deglycosylation

The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein.


negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


SREBP signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of decreased levels of one or more sterols (and in some yeast, changes in oxygen levels) and which proceeds through activation of a sterol response element binding transcription factor (SREBP) to result in up-regulation of target gene transcription.


negative regulation of neuron migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.


sexual reproduction

A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid).


negative regulation of stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.


positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


complement component C3b binding

Binding to a C3b product of the complement cascade.


mitochondrial DNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA.


cone retinal bipolar cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cone retinal bipolar cell.


mitochondrial gene expression

The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell.


lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.


activation of membrane attack complex

The activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade which can result in death of a target cell through cytolysis.


immune complex clearance

A process directed at removing immune complexes from the body. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution.


organ or tissue specific immune response

An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.


immunoglobulin mediated immune response

An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution.


regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


cochlea morphogenesis

The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.


convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation

The process of directed cell movement in the neural plate resulting in tissue elongation via intercalation of adjacent cells in an epithelial sheet at the midline, leading to narrowing and lengthening of the neural plate.


protein localization to microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule.


regulation of postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway.


regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.


positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.


positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


axis elongation involved in somitogenesis

The developmental growth that results in the elongation of the rostral-caudal axis that contributes to somitogenesis.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell.


positive regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


positive regulation of Wnt protein secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.


FZD6_MOUSE Frizzled-6 (sprot)

A frizzled-6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


protein tyrosine kinase binding

Binding to protein tyrosine kinase.


interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein isoform m2 (mouse)

An interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q61730-2.


negative regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.


proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src phosphorylated 2 (mouse)

A proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (mouse) that has been phosphorylated at the residue equivalent to Tyr-424 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P05480-1. UniProtKB:P05480, Tyr-424, MOD:00048.


proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src unphosphorylated 2 (mouse)

A proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation at the position equivalent to Tyr-424 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P05480-1. UniProtKB:P05480, Tyr-424, PR:000026291.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.


negative regulation of T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.


effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD45RA-positive.


effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell

A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD45RA-positive.


muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function.


P-body

A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. Protein and RNA localized to these foci are involved in mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), translational repression, and RNA-mediated gene silencing.


methyl-CpG binding

Binding to a methylated cytosine/guanine dinucleotide.


eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding

Binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4E, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.


negative regulation of mRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing.


establishment of RNA localization

The directed movement of RNA to a specific location.


translation regulator activity, nucleic acid binding

Any selective and non-covalent interaction with a nucleic acid involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


4EBP2_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 2 (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CNOT7_HUMAN CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 7 (sprot)

A CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of embryonic development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.


positive regulation of embryonic development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.


HXC4_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-C4 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-C4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA1_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A1 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXB4_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-B4 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-B4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAFB_HUMAN Transcription factor MafB (sprot)

A transcription factor MafB that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXB1_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-B1 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA2_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A2 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CTCF_HUMAN Transcriptional repressor CTCF (sprot)

A transcriptional repressor CTCF that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXD3_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-D3 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-D3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXD4_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-D4 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-D4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAX6_HUMAN Paired box protein Pax-6 (sprot)

A paired box protein Pax-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MEIS1_HUMAN Homeobox protein Meis1 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Meis1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EGR2_HUMAN E3 SUMO-protein ligase EGR2 (sprot)

An early growth response protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA4_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A4 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXB2_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-B2 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXD1_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-D1 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-D1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PCGF2_HUMAN Polycomb group RING finger protein 2 (sprot)

A Polycomb group RING finger protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA3_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A3 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXB3_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-B3 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-B3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of oocyte maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.


response to oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.


cellular response to inorganic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development.


regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance, the process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


genitourinary system

Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.


POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


lysosomal cobalamin transport escort protein LMBD1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A lysosomal cobalamin transport escort protein LMBD1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.


regulation of triglyceride metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


collagen type I trimer

A collagen trimer containing alpha(I) chains. The most common form of type I collagen is a heterotrimer containing two alpha1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) chain; homotrimers containing three alpha1(I) chains are also found. Type I collagen triple helices associate to form banded fibrils.


platelet-derived growth factor binding

Binding to platelet-derived growth factor.


skeletal system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized.


negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


interleukin-6 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-6 receptor.


myeloid cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized.


cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


cellular response to interleukin-1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.


negative regulation of hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.


T-helper 2 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.


neutrophil apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.


mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.


positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


astrocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


response to carbohydrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.


steroid hormone aporeceptor complex

A protein complex consisting of a steroid receptor associated with nonreceptor proteins, minimally a dimer of Hsp90 and a monomer of hsp56/FKBP59; forms in the absence of bound ligand.


nuclear receptor coactivator activity

A transcription coactivator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator.


tumor necrosis factor receptor binding

Binding to a tumor necrosis factor receptor.


humoral immune response

An immune response mediated through a body fluid.


positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.


defense response

Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.


positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis in the salivary gland epithelium.


positive regulation of translational initiation by iron

Any process involving iron that activates or increases the rate of translational initiation.


cellular extravasation

The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of triglyceride metabolic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


lipoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


cholesterol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


maintenance of location in cell

Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


high-density lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to high-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE.


phagocytosis, recognition

The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell.


positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


insulin-like growth factor receptor binding

Binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor.


juxtaglomerular apparatus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure that lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function.


common myeloid progenitor cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of common myeloid progenitor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A common myeloid progenitor cell is a progenitor cell committed to the myeloid lineage.


regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.


myoblast fusion

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


male organism

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.


myelinating glial cell

A glial cell that myelinates axonal processes.


SF3B1_HUMAN Splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (sprot)

A splicing factor 3B subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


rhombomere 5 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


rhombomere 3 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 3 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


rhombomere 3 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


facial nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


embryo implantation

Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.


decidualization

The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta.


prostaglandin secretion

The regulated release of a prostaglandin, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring, from a cell or a tissue.


vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

A process, occurring in the vascular tissue, whereby actin/myosin complex activity generates force through ATP hydrolysis resulting in a change in smooth muscle geometry. This process is always coupled to chemo-mechanical energy conversion.


luteinization

The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation.


Leydig cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.


estrogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


adaptive immune response

An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigens produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).


retina vasculature development in camera-type eye

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.


T-helper 17 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.


negative regulation of cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine.


mesenchymal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


neural plate morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.


negative regulation of cartilage development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


protein import

The targeting and directed movement of proteins into a cell or organelle. Not all import involves an initial targeting event.


maintenance of protein location

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.


cellular response to cholesterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.


SREBP-SCAP complex retention in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process in which the SREBP-SCAP complex is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. The SREBP-SCAP complex is formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). In the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed. In the presence of sterols, the complex binds ER-resident proteins such as INSIG, which retain the complex in the ER.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via desmosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate desmosterol.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via lathosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate lathosterol.


intestinal lipid absorption

Any process in which lipids are taken up from the contents of the intestine.


A member of the class of thienotriazolodiazepines that is the tert-butyl ester of [(6S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl]acetic acid. An inhibitor of bromodomain-containing protein 4 that exhibits anti-cancer and cardioprotective properties.


Aspirin

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.


Triacsin c

A nitroso compound that is N-undecylnitrous hydrazide carrying double bonds at positions 1,2,4, and 7. It is a long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor and interferes with lipid metabolism by inhibiting the de novo synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters.


Fenofibrate

A chlorobenzophenone that is (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone substituted by a [2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(propan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy group at position 1 on the phenyl ring.


Fingolimod hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).


Diosgenin

A  sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone.


Probucol

A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.


sodium ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


P-type ion transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of ions across a membrane. The reaction is characterized by the transient formation of a high-energy aspartyl-phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate.


positive regulation of glucose import

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.


regulation of cellular metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


dendritic cell proliferation

The expansion of a dendritic cell population by cell division. A dendritic cell is a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response

The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response.


mitotic cell cycle process

A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle.


myoblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


regulation of myoblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.


protein-DNA complex

A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules.


sex chromatin

Chromatin that is part of a sex chromosome.


cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.


cardiac cell fate determination

The process involved in cardiac cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


positive regulation of DNA binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


tube morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.


cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.


Sertoli cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.


lung lobe formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.


stem cell division

The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types.


negative regulation of cell fate commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


cardioblast migration

The orderly movement of a cardiac progenitor cell to form the heart field. Cardiac progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into cells of the heart. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


regulation of heart rate

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


actin filament-based movement

Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.


regulation of heart growth

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.


regulation of ATP-dependent activity

Any process that modulates the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


visceral muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cardiac muscle cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell.


renal filtration

A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system.


erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian

A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative).


p53 binding

Binding to one of the p53 family of proteins.


regulation of primitive erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of primitive erythrocyte differentiation. Primitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.


positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


osteoblast fate commitment

The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.


positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


multicellular organismal response to stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


response to cocaine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.


cellular response to phenylalanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction.


regulation of granuloma formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.


granulocyte chemotaxis

The movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.


cellular response to vitamin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor binding

Binding to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF.


axonal transport of mitochondrion

The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


cardiac cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to specific cardiac cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac cells. Cardiac cells are cells that comprise the organ which pumps blood through the circulatory system.


positive regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).


PRC1 complex

A multiprotein complex that mediates monoubiquitination of lysine residues of histone H2A (lysine-118 in Drosophila or lysine-119 in mammals). The complex is required for stable long-term maintenance of transcriptionally repressed states and is involved in chromatin remodeling.


heterochromatin

A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription.


euchromatin

A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation.


ubiquitin-protein transferase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase.


phagocytic vesicle

A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.


structural constituent of eye lens

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the lens of an eye.


negative regulation of neuron projection development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


intermediate filament-based process

Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.


SOX2_HUMAN Transcription factor SOX-2 (sprot)

A transcription factor SOX-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MOBP_HUMAN Myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein (sprot)

A myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRVA_HUMAN Parvalbumin alpha (sprot)

A parvalbumin alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


extraocular skeletal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


nucleate erythrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


U2-type spliceosomal complex

Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron that has canonical consensus sequences near the 5' and 3' ends.


SRSF2_HUMAN Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (sprot)

A splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SRSF6_HUMAN Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 6 (sprot)

A serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SRSF1_HUMAN Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (sprot)

A splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


U2AFM_HUMAN U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor 35 kDa subunit-related protein 2 (sprot)

A U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor 35 kDa subunit-related protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MTREX_HUMAN Exosome RNA helicase MTR4 (sprot)

An exosome RNA helicase MTR4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SUGP1_HUMAN SURP and G-patch domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A splicing factor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


F8WJG3_MOUSE Transformer 2 beta (trembl)

A transformer-2 protein homolog beta isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


skeletal muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


striated muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


intracellular cholesterol transport

The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells.


Cajal body

A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA.


sno(s)RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA.


ARRS_HUMAN S-arrestin (sprot)

An S-arrestin that is encoded in the genome of human.


rhodopsin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + rhodopsin = ADP + phosphorhodopsin.


NAADP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


hexose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


VEMP_SARS2 Envelope small membrane protein (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the E gene in SARS-CoV-2.


transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of endocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.


phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.


embryonic placenta morphogenesis

The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized.


intracellular oxygen homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of oxygen within a cell.


chorio-allantoic fusion

The cell-cell adhesion process in which the cells of the chorion fuse to the cells of the allantois.


homeostatic process

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state.


anatomical structure regression

The developmental process in which an anatomical stucture is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.


trachea cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage in the trachea are generated and organized.


metanephric collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization of epithelial cells in an embryo.


developmental growth involved in morphogenesis

The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape.


outer medullary collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla.


metanephric loop of Henle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros.


inner medullary collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla.


lobar bronchus development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi.


metanephric epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


FZD1_MOUSE Frizzled-1 (sprot)

A frizzled-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


FZD10_MOUSE Frizzled-10 (sprot)

A frizzled-10 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


macrophage activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


negative regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


RISC complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation.


female pregnancy

The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.


cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.


cellular response to interleukin-6

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.


cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.


aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


renal protein absorption

A renal system process in which proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).


positive regulation of adipose tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.


ribonucleoprotein complex localization

Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.


regulation of timing of cell differentiation

The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the XXX at a consistent predetermined time point during its development.


commitment of neuronal cell to specific neuron type in forebrain

The commitment of neuronal precursor cells to become specialized types of neurons in the forebrain.


forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation

The formation of specific regional progenitor domains along the dorsal-ventral axis in the developing forebrain.


lacrimal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye.


regulation of asymmetric cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.


pallium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pallium is the roof region of the telencephalon.


oligodendrocyte cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


forebrain-midbrain boundary formation

The process whose specific outcome is the creation of the forebrain-midbrain boundary.


inhibition of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

Any process that prevents the activation of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase.


cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase.


negative regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of quaternary ammonium groups from one side of a membrane to the other. Quaternary ammonium groups are any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.


quaternary ammonium group transport

The directed movement into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore of quaternary ammonium compounds, any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.


histamine transport

The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


histamine uptake

The directed movement of histamine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


regulation of appetite

Any process which modulates appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.


organic cation transport

The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


regulatory ncRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation

A heterochromatin formation-based gene silencing process mediated by a regulatory non-coding RNA molecule that occur before the beginnning of trancription.


Ethidium

The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.


Cimetidine

A member of the class of  guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a  H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.


Proton

Nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.007276470(12) u.


Digoxin

A  cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.


Spironolactone

A  steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.


Sulpiride

A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.


Sulfadimethoxine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.


Dextroamphetamine

A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.


Amphetamine

A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.


Phenformin

A member of the class of biguanides that is  biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of  lactic acidosis.


ATROPINE

A  racemate composed of equimolar concentrations of (S)- and (R)-atropine . It is obtained from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae.


Amiloride

A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.


SCOPOLAMINE

A tropane alkaloid that is the (S)-tropic acid ester of 6beta,7beta-epoxy-1alphaH,5alphaH-tropan-3alpha-ol.


Amantadine

A member of the class of  adamantanes that is used as an antiviral and  antiparkinson drug.


Prazosin

A member of the class of  piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.


Flecainide

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).


Diphenhydramine

An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.


Zonisamide

A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.


Chloramphenicol

An organochlorine compound that is dichloro-substituted acetamide containing a nitrobenzene ring, an amide bond and two alcohol functions.


Guanidine

An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.


Vanoxerine

An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.


Topiramate

A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.


Pyrimethamine

An aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine which is substituted at position 5 by a p-chlorophenyl group and at position 6 by an ethyl group. It is a folic acid antagonist used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.


Diosmetin

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of luteolin. It is a natural product isolated from citrus fruits which exhibits a range of pharmacological activities.


Trichlormethiazide

A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.


Monensin

A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.


NSC 23766 trihydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of NSC 23766 with 3 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride. An inhibitor of the signalling G-protein known as RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1).


Cinchonan-9-ol, (9S)-

Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (S configuration). It occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.


Ticlopidine

A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.


Tetrapropylammonium

A quarternary ammonium cation with four propyl substituents around the central nitrogen.


Cinchonidine

8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.


Phentolamine

A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.


Papaverine

A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.