PIANP_HUMAN PILR alpha-associated neural protein (sprot)

A PILR alpha-associated neural protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRA2_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRB4_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRB1_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RAE1E_HUMAN Retinoic acid early transcript 1E (sprot)

A retinoic acid early transcript 1E that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLM1_HUMAN CMRF35-like molecule 1 (sprot)

A CMRF35-like molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIG10_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIG12_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIG11_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 11 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ULBP3_HUMAN UL16-binding protein 3 (sprot)

A UL16-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ULBP1_HUMAN UL16-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A UL16-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPDC1_HUMAN Neural proliferation differentiation and control protein 1 (sprot)

A neural proliferation differentiation and control protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIGL8_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 8 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PILRB_HUMAN Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor beta (sprot)

A paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIGL7_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

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The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. The seryl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a serine-accetping tRNA.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of N(2),N(2)-dimethylguanosine 5'-phosphate residue.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of 5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)uridine residue.


inosine 5'-phosphate(1-) residue

An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate function of inosine 5'-phosphate residue; major species at 7.3.


pseudouridine 5'-phosphate(1-) residue

An organic anionic group arising from the deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of pseudouridine 5'-phosphate residue.


positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation with cellular fusion of a unicellular organism. An example of this process is agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


EPHA2_MOUSE Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (sprot)

An ephrin type-A receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


EPHA3_MOUSE Ephrin type-A receptor 3 (sprot)

An ephrin type-A receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


EPHA8_MOUSE Ephrin type-A receptor 8 (sprot)

An ephrin type-A receptor 8 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cardiac right atrium morphogenesis

The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis.


1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


negative regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.


histone methyltransferase binding

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Binding to a histone methyltransferase enzyme.


KMT2D_MOUSE Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


KMT2C_MOUSE Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


histone H2AR3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H2A.


peptidyl-arginine N-methylation

The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


trophoblast giant cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua.


sebum secreting cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of sebocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A sebocyte is an epithelial cell that makes up the sebaceous glands, and secrete sebum.


intestinal epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of an intestinal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


multicellular organismal reproductive process

The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs.


negative regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


PHAG1_HUMAN Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 (sprot)

A phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


cellular response to progesterone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.


positive regulation of membrane potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


vesicle-mediated cholesterol transport

The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, or cholesterol-containing compounds, by membrane-bounded vesicles.


protein targeting to ER

The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.


sphingolipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


musculoskeletal movement

The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system.


transcription factor TFIIA complex

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A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12).


ISWI-type complex

Any nuclear protein complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the imitation switch (ISWI) family. ISWI ATPases are involved in assembling chromatin and in sliding and spacing nucleosomes to regulate transcription of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III and also DNA replication, recombination and repair.


monoatomic ion channel complex

A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective monoatomic ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.


poly-purine tract binding

Binding to a stretch of purines (adenine or guanine) in an RNA molecule.


intraciliary transport particle A binding

Binding to an intraciliary transport particle A (IFT A) complex.


N-formylglutamate deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formate.


lipid glycosylation

Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule.


spermatocyte division

The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids.


thymidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.


DNA synthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitotic DNA replication.


PTTG1_HUMAN Securin (sprot)

A securin that is encoded in the genome of human.


SKP2_HUMAN S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (sprot)

An S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


E2F3_HUMAN Transcription factor E2F3 (sprot)

A transcription factor E2F3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein homotetramerization

The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits.


COPRS_HUMAN Coordinator of PRMT5 and differentiation stimulator (sprot)

A coordinator of PRMT5 and differentiation stimulator that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of nucleosome disassembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.


positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated DNA replication.


chondrocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte.


regulation of viral genome replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


interferon receptor activity

Combining with an interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


establishment of protein localization to vacuole

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.


hexose mediated signaling

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The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hexose.


The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated protein.


ROBO1_HUMAN Roundabout homolog 1 (sprot)

A roundabout homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UCHL5_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L5 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UCHL1_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of intracellular protein transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.


malate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reversible conversion of pyruvate or oxaloacetate to malate.


malate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


urate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


Catalysis of the reaction: source of phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 + other reaction products.


glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, from other compounds, including pyruvate.


post-embryonic hemopoiesis

The stages of blood cell formation that take place after completion of embryonic development.


regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.


regulation of protein autophosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.


actin cortical patch localization

Any process in which actin cortical patches are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells.


positive regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


amacrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons.


negative regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.


U119A_HUMAN Protein unc-119 homolog A (sprot)

A protein unc-119 homolog A that is encoded in the genome of human.


PK3CB_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform (sprot)

A phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


inositol phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


inner cell mass cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell.


positive regulation of T cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.


negative regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


RHOJ_MOUSE Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoJ (sprot)

A Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoJ that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


neuroepithelial cell-transforming gene 1 protein isoform 1 (mouse)

A neuroepithelial cell-transforming gene 1 protein isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of mitochondrial fission

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


establishment of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a meiotic cell cycle.


tRNA gene clustering

The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae.


establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a mitotic cell cycle.


cilium assembly protein DZIP1 isoform m1 unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A cilium assembly protein DZIP1 isoform m1 (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation at the position equivalent to Ser-210. UniProtKB:Q8BMD2-1, Ser-210, PR:000026291.


meiotic recombination initiation complex

A protein complex that initiates the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) required for meiotic recombination. Consists of a protein that catalyses formation of the double-strand breaks (Spo11 in S. cerevisiae and Rec12 in S. pombe), and a number of accessory proteins.


Geranyl diphosphate(3-)

Trianion of geranyl diphosphate arising from deprotonation of the three OH groups of the diphosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.


A 3beta-sterol that is  zymosterol substituted by a 4alpha-methyl group.


Fecosterol

A 3beta-sterol having a 5alpha-ergostane skeleton with a methylidene group at C-24 and double bonds at the C-8 and C-24(28) positions.


isoprenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


delta-Prenyl diphosphate

Trianion of prenyl diphosphate arising from deprotonation of the three diphosphate OH groups.


farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


Ergosterol

A phytosterol consisting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.


A steroid acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-carboxyzymosterol, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A steroid acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4beta-methylzymosterol-4alpha-carboxylic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A 3beta-sterol having double bonds in the 5-, 7- and 22-positions and a methylene group at position 24.


A 3beta-sterol having double bonds in the 5- and 7-positions and a methylene group at position 24.


Zymostenol

A cholestanoid that is 5alpha-cholestane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


Lathosterol

A cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholest-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


A 3beta-sterol having the structure of desmosterol with an extra double bond at C-7--C-8.


malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + CO2.


organic acid phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into an organic acid.


fatty acid transmembrane transport

The process in which a fatty acid is transported across a membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(out) + ADP(in) = ATP(in) + ADP(out).


ADP transport

The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


anaerobic respiration

The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor.


APOA5_HUMAN Apolipoprotein A-V (sprot)

An apolipoprotein A-V that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRERF_HUMAN CREB3 regulatory factor (sprot)

A CREB3 regulatory factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


APOC2_HUMAN Apolipoprotein C-II (sprot)

An apolipoprotein C-II that is encoded in the genome of human.


cell death activator CIDE-3 isoform h1 (human)

A cell death activator CIDE-3 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q96AQ7-1.


FGF21_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor 21 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor 21 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphodiesterase decapping endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the removal of the cap from an unmethylated 5'-end capped RNA resulting in the release of the entire cap structure (GpppN) and a 5' monophosphorylated RNA.


mRNA 5'-diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a 5' terminal diphosphate from the 5'-triphosphate end of an mRNA, leaving a 5'-monophosphate end.


maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is independent of poly(A) tail shortening.


NAD+ diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = AMP + NMN.


NADH metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 2'-phosphate.


GTP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-RNA.


positive regulation of translation in response to stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.


nuclear lamina

The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane.


Kelch-containing formin regulatory complex

A protein complex that regulates actin cable formation, polarized cell growth, and cytokinesis in a formin-dependent manner. In S. cerevisiae the complex is composed of Bud14p and two Kelch family proteins, Kel1p and Kel2p.


regulation of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly. Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.


cytogamy

During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


mating-type alpha-factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with the mating-type alpha-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of receptor internalization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.


potassium ion leak channel activity

Enables the transport of a potassium ion across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that is open even in an unstimulated or 'resting' state.


phospho sugar

Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid.


11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.


regulation of response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


dermal bone morphogenesis

The process in which bone which forms superficially in the organism are generated and organized.


FFAT motif binding

Binding to a FFAT motif, a short motif containing diphenylalanine in an acidic tract that targets proteins to the cytosolic surface of the ER and to the nuclear membrane by binding directly to members of the VAP (VAMP-associated protein) protein family.


endoplasmic reticulum polarization

The endoplasmic reticulum organization process that results in the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum being oriented in the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum polarization serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.


maintenance of cell polarity

The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex

A protein complex probably required for the internalization of endosomes during actin-coupled endocytosis. Links the site of endocytosis to the cell membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton, coordinating ARP2/3 stimulation at the later stages of endocytosis. Present in the late endocytic coat.


Arp2/3 complex binding

Binding to an Arp2/3 complex, a protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5).


future telencephalon

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon.


central nervous system segmentation

Division of the central nervous system into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


growth factor binding

Binding to a growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.


post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during post-embryonic development.


positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


VEGFA_MOUSE Vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form (sprot)

A vascular endothelial growth factor A that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.


promoter-enhancer loop anchoring activity

Bridging together two cis-regulatory elements, colloquially referred to as promoters and/or enhancers, holding two loop anchors together to maintain a chromatin loop.


negative regulation of male germ cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.


cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains.


positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.


chondroblast differentiation

The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes.


optic nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


sagittal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the sagittal suture is generated and organized.


anterior semicircular canal development

The progession of the anterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


lateral semicircular canal development

The progession of the lateral semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


lambdoid suture morphogenesis

The process in which the lambdoid suture is generated and organized.


substantia propria of cornea development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a substantia propria of cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to an intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.


menarche

The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.


developmental induction

A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder).


globus pallidus development

The progression of the globus pallidus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.


Cul4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.


TBPL2_HUMAN TATA box-binding protein-like 2 (sprot)

A TATA box-binding protein-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TCF7_HUMAN Transcription factor 7 (sprot)

A transcription factor 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


pulmonary myocardium development

The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.


atrioventricular node cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


atrioventricular node cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to atrioventricular (AV) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into AV node cells.


IgG binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype.


negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


negative regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


aggressive behavior

A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual.


phosphate ion transport

The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Seh1-associated complex

A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In S. cerevisiae the complex contains Seh1p, Sec13p, Npr2p, Npr3p, Iml1p, Mtc5p, Rtc1p, and Sea4p.


negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


negative regulation of pre-miRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.


positive regulation of pre-miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.


TRUB1_HUMAN Pseudouridylate synthase TRUB1 (sprot)

A pseudouridylate synthase TRUB1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BAZ1B_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B (sprot)

A bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


SMCA5_HUMAN SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 5 (sprot)

A SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DDX21_HUMAN Nucleolar RNA helicase 2 (sprot)

A nucleolar RNA helicase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MBB1A_HUMAN Myb-binding protein 1A (sprot)

A Myb-binding protein 1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.


negative regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


aldosterone secretion

The regulated release of aldosterone into the circulatory system. Aldosterone is a pregnane-based steroid hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney.


pre-mRNA intronic binding

Binding to an intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).


trachea cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tracheal cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


lung smooth muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


bronchus cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


ureter development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.


metanephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the metanephros.


regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


heart valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostatic bud elongation

The multiplication of epithelial cells, contributing to the expansion of the primary prostatic bud.


regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.


regulation of blood volume by renal aldosterone

The process in which the hormone aldosterone decreases the rate of diuresis and natriuresis resulting in increased blood volume.


steroid binding

Binding to a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.


regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


mammary duct terminal end bud growth

The morphogenetic growth of the large, club-shaped terminal end of a mammary gland duct during prepubertal growth and during puberty.


caudate nucleus

Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species.


pallidum

Part of what are called the basal ganglia of the brain which consist of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum.


type 1 angiotensin receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 angiotensin receptor.


type 2 angiotensin receptor binding

Binding to a type 2 angiotensin receptor.


vasopressin secretion

The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood.


positive regulation of protein kinase C activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.


ovarian follicle rupture

Disruption of theca cell layer releasing follicular fluid and/or the oocyte.


renal response to blood flow involved in circulatory renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The physiological response of the kidneys to a decrease in blood flow.


peptide binding

Binding to a peptide, an organic compound comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.


AGTR2_MOUSE Type-2 angiotensin II receptor (sprot)

An angiotensin II receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.


positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase.


formin-nucleated actin cable assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.


Golgi-associated vesicle

Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.


Golgi to vacuole transport

The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole.


vacuolar transporter chaperone complex

A protein complex that contains four related proteins that have been implicated in several membrane-related processes, such as sorting of H+-translocating ATPases, endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking, vacuole fusion, vacuolar polyphosphate homeostasis and the microautophagic scission of vesicles into the vacuolar lumen. The complex is enriched at the vacuolar membrane, but also found in other cellular compartments, including the ER and the cell periphery. In Saccharomyces, the subunits are Vtc1p, Vtc2p, Vtc3p and Vtc4p.


polyphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.


fructose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


AL1A1_HUMAN Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (sprot)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


An apo carotenoid C35 terpenoid compound arising from oxidative degradation of the beta,beta-carotene skeleton at the 4'-position.


An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of 3-aminopropanal, formed by protonation of the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


Neurosporaxanthin

A monocarboxylic acid that results from the oxidation of the aldehyde group of 4'-apo-beta-carotenal to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid

A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is  indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.


CARD_NEUCR Beta-apo-4'-carotenal oxygenase (sprot)


endocardial cushion fusion

The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping.


3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloroallyl aldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 3-chloroacrylic acid.


9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.


(ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor

A generic representative substrate in the ADP ribosylation of proteins


A generic representative product of ADP ribosylation of proteins


protein auto-ADP-ribosylation

The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.


regulation of NAD metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.


negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.


regulation of base-excision repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of base-excision repair.


PARPT_HUMAN Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase TIPARP (sprot)

A protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase TIPARP that is encoded in the genome of human.


development of secondary sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, testicular/penile enlargement, breast development and menstrual periods. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.


penetration of zona pellucida

The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


galactose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


LALBA_HUMAN Alpha-lactalbumin (sprot)

An alpha-lactalbumin that is encoded in the genome of human.


LARG1_HUMAN Xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase LARGE1 (sprot)

A xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase LARGE1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LARG2_HUMAN Xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase LARGE2 (sprot)

A xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase LARGE2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UDP-galactose transmembrane transport

The process in which UDP-galactose is transported across a membrane.


aldose 1-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose.


beta-D-GALACTOPYRANOSE

A D-galactopyranose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.


GALM_HUMAN Galactose mutarotase (sprot)

A galactose mutarotase that is encoded in the genome of human.


UDP-D-galactose

A UDP-sugar having D-galactose as the sugar component.


UDP-D-glucose

A UDP-sugar having D-glucose as the sugar component.


PGM2L_HUMAN Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase (sprot)

A glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


carbohydrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


galactitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide.


galactoside binding

Binding to a glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose.


pentose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose 5-phosphate.


D-ribofuranose

A ribofuranose having D-configuration.


2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate(2-)

Dianion of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major product at pH 7.3.


angiotensin-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that increases the diameter of a blood vessel via the renin-angiotensin system.


6PGD_HUMAN 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating (sprot)

A 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating that is encoded in the genome of human.


nucleoside phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.


carbohydrate derivative catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative.


histamine secretion mediated by IgE immunoglobulin

Histamine release triggered by the binding of an antigen to an IgE immunoglobulin bound to the cell surface. An example is mast cell histamine degranulation as a result of exposure of mast cell-bound IgE to alder tree pollen.


histamine secretion by mast cell

The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells.


negative regulation of mast cell degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.


A polyunsaturated fatty acid that is (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 17S-position. It is a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid in human blood and mouse brain, and serves as a precursor to 17(S)-resolvins.


regulation of endocytic recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.


purine nucleotide import into lysosome

The directed import of purine nucleotide from the cytosol, across the lysosomal membrane, into the lysosome.


mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end processing

The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


ORC6_HUMAN Origin recognition complex subunit 6 (sprot)

An origin recognition complex subunit 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UGPA_HUMAN UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (sprot)

A UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.


inclusion body

A discrete intracellular part formed of aggregated molecules such as proteins or other biopolymers.


beta-D-Glucose 1-phosphate

The beta-anomer of D-glucose 1-phosphate.


glycogen debranching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of branch points in branched glycogen polymers.


SH2B adapter protein 1 isoform h2 (human)

An SH2B adapter protein 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9NRF2-2.


eosinophil migration

The movement of an eosinophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


cholinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion.


nucleate erythrocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.


LMBL1_HUMAN Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 (sprot)

A lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


autolysosome lumen

The volume that is enclosed within the autolysosome single-membrane.


diaphragm contraction

A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.


ADCY6_HUMAN Adenylate cyclase type 6 (sprot)

An adenylate cyclase type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADCY5_HUMAN Adenylate cyclase type 5 (sprot)

An adenylate cyclase type 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNB1_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNB1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNC2_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 2 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNS3_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily S member 3 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNS3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNG2_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 2 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNG2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sorbitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


CRYL1_HUMAN Lambda-crystallin homolog (sprot)

A lambda-crystallin that is encoded in the genome of human.


DCXR_HUMAN L-xylulose reductase (sprot)

An L-xylulose reductase that is encoded in the genome of human.


S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione N-hydroxysulfenamide + NADH + H+ = S-nitrosoglutathione + NAD+.


L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.


D-glucuronate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.


A peptide anion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of S-nitrosoglutathione.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group act as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


xylulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


establishment of sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become associated with each other during S phase.


negative regulation of RNA polymerase III activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase III activity.


negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes mediated by RNA polymerase II.


branched-chain amino acid transport

The directed movement of branched-chain amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.


regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


bradykinin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin.


AGTR2_HUMAN Type-2 angiotensin II receptor (sprot)

An angiotensin II receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hemoglobin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization.


regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


double-stranded DNA helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of double-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.


forked DNA-dependent helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix containing forked DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


HMMR_HUMAN Hyaluronan mediated motility receptor (sprot)

A hyaluronan mediated motility receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


dermatan sulfate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


chondroitin sulfate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


sialic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sialic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


sialic acid transport

The directed movement of sialic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


glucuronoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.


mitochondrial inner-outer membrane contact site

Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.


3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase isoform h1 (human)

A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04035-1.


FDFT_HUMAN Squalene synthase (sprot)

A squalene synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


FPPS_HUMAN Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (sprot)

A farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MVD1_HUMAN Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (sprot)

A diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


GGPPS_HUMAN Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (sprot)

A geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


IDI1_HUMAN Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase 1 (sprot)

An isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SCD_HUMAN Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (sprot)

A stearoyl-CoA desaturase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ERG1_HUMAN Squalene monooxygenase (sprot)

A squalene monooxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIME_HUMAN Mevalonate kinase (sprot)

A mevalonate kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


TBL1R_HUMAN F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1XR1 (sprot)

An F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1XR1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TBL1X_HUMAN F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1X (sprot)

An F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1X that is encoded in the genome of human.


core histone macro-H2A.1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A core histone macro-H2A.1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of calcineurin-mediated signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcineurin-mediated signaling.


regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


box H/ACA snoRNP complex

A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the nucleolus.


carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 sequence variant CEACAM1a (mouse)

A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (mouse) that is the protein product of allele a of the CEACAM1 gene in mouse. Example: PR:P31809-1.


ESCRT-0 complex

A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals.


ATP export

The directed movement of ATP out of a cell or organelle.


nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.


clathrin binding

Binding to a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles.


VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex

A multiprotein ATPase complex required for the efficient dislocation of ER-lumenal degradation substrates, and their subsequent proteolysis by the proteasome. In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins. In mammals, this complex includes a hexamer of VCP/p97 (a cytosolic ATPase) and trimers of each of its cofactors UFD1L and NPL4 (NPLOC4) (e.g. a 6:3:3 stoichiometry).


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-L complex

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


RQC complex

A multiprotein complex that forms a stable complex with large ribosomal subunits (60S in eukaryotes and 50S in prokaryotes) containing stalled polypeptides and triggers their degradation (ribosomal quality control). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Rkr1p, Tae2p, Rqc1p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins.


Doa10p ubiquitin ligase complex

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates membrane proteins with misfolded cytosolic domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Ssm4p/Doa10p.


replisome

A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.


Cdc48p-Npl4p-Vms1p AAA ATPase complex

A multiprotein ATPase complex involved in the release of polyubiquitinated proteins, including those damaged by oxidative stress, from the outer mitochondria membrane into the cytoplasm where they are presented to the proteasome for proteolysis, a process also referred to as mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Vms1p.


nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network

The continuous network of membranes encompassing the nuclear outer membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


DNA replication termination

The process in which DNA replication at a replication fork ceases; occurs when the replication fork reaches a specific termination site or when two replication forks meet.


D-xylose

Any xylose with D-configuration.


A primary alcohol that is pentan-1-ol bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 4.


early endosome to Golgi transport

The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi.


response to pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


iodide peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iodide + H2O2 = iodine + 2 H2O.


thyroid peroxidase

A protein that is a translation product of the human TPO gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


regulation of receptor recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of receptor recycling.


A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of GDP-D-mannose; major species at pH 7.3.


glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.


mast cell mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a mast cell.


regulation of angiotensin levels in blood

The process that modulates the level of any of the various angiotensinogen proteolytic products in the blood. This occurs by the proteolytic cleavage of angiotensinogen, and its proteolytic products, to create a variety of active peptide hormones, such as angiotensin I and angiotensin II, as well as through the removal of these peptides from the circulation.


heparan-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2 isoform 3 (mouse)

A heparan-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2 isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Phenylallyl alcohol

A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).


L-Palmitoylcarnitine

An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).


fatty acid elongation

The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units.


cuticle development

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.


response to lipid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.


regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


vestibular receptor cell morphogenesis

Any process that alters the size or shape of a vestibular receptor cell.


neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


UDP-D-xylose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


B3GA3_HUMAN Galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 3 (sprot)

A galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


telomeric repeat-containing RNA binding

Binding to long non-coding RNA molecules transcribed from subtelomeric regions in most eukaryotes. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) molecules consist of subtelomeric-derived sequences and G-rich telomeric repeats.


double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Binding to double-stranded telomere-associated DNA.


negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled.


positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.


steroid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification.


cortisol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.


Sildenafil Citrate

The citrate salt of sildenafil.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking repair

The removal of covalent cross-link between DNA and a protein.


DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and progresses through signal transduction and ends with cell cycle effector processes.


gamma-tubulin complex

A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species.


positive regulation of blood coagulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-en-3-one which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7alpha, 12alpha, and 26 positions. It is an intermediate in bile acid metabolism.


A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid that is 5beta-cholestan-3-one bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 7alpha .


A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid that is 5beta-cholestan-3-one bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 7alpha and 12alpha.


7alpha,12alpha,24-trihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one with S-configuration at C-24.


7alpha,24-Dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one with S-configuration at C-24.


7alpha,12alpha,24-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one with S-configuration at C-24.


7alpha,24-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one with S configuration at C-24.


aflatoxin B1 triol

An organic heterotricyclic compound obtained by oxidative cleavage of the furofuran ring system of aflatoxin B1.


CEP97_HUMAN Centrosomal protein of 97 kDa (sprot)

A centrosomal protein of 97 kDa that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP110_HUMAN Centriolar coiled-coil protein of 110 kDa (sprot)

A centriolar coiled-coil protein of 110 kDa that is encoded in the genome of human.


FBF1_HUMAN Fas-binding factor 1 (sprot)

A Fas-binding factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CE164_HUMAN Centrosomal protein of 164 kDa (sprot)

A centrosomal protein of 164 kDa that is encoded in the genome of human.


TTBK2_HUMAN Tau-tubulin kinase 2 (sprot)

A tau-tubulin kinase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SCLT1_HUMAN Sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 (sprot)

A sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CEP89_HUMAN Centrosomal protein of 89 kDa (sprot)

A centrosomal protein of 89 kDa that is encoded in the genome of human.


CEP83_HUMAN Centrosomal protein of 83 kDa (sprot)

A centrosomal protein of 83 kDa that is encoded in the genome of human.


C2CD3_HUMAN C2 domain-containing protein 3 (sprot)

A C2 domain-containing protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of neutrophil migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.


regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


crossover junction DNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at a junction such as a reciprocal single-stranded crossover between two homologous DNA duplexes (Holliday junction).


EF1D_HUMAN Elongation factor 1-delta (sprot)

An elongation factor 1-delta that is encoded in the genome of human.


EF1G_HUMAN Elongation factor 1-gamma (sprot)

An elongation factor 1-gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


EF1B_HUMAN Elongation factor 1-beta (sprot)

An elongation factor 1-beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


high-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


aromatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aromatic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Aromatic amino acids have an aromatic ring.


tryptophan transport

The directed movement of tryptophan, 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


aromatic amino acid transport

The directed movement of aromatic amino acids, amino acids with aromatic ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Phenyl hydrogen sulfate

An aryl sulfate that is phenol bearing an O-sulfo substituent.


A steroid sulfate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid and sulfate functions of lithocholic acid sulfate; major species at pH 7.3.


dopamine 3-O-sulfate

An aryl sulfate that is dopamine in which the phenolic hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a sulfo group.


4-Nitrophenyl sulfate

An aryl sulfate the mono 4-nitrophenyl ester of sulfuric acid.


A steroid sulfate obtained by the formal condensation of sulfuric acid with the 3-hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.


5'-Adenylyl sulfate(2-)

An organic dianion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and sufate groups of 5'-adenylyl sulfate; major species at pH 7.3.


A steroid sulfate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the sulfo group of cholesterol sulfate; major species at pH 7.3.


Adenylylselenate

The 5'-selenonooxyphosphate ester of adenosine.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


sulfate assimilation

The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds.


5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport

The process in which 5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a membrane.


sulfate adenylyltransferase complex (ATP)

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation adenylylsulfate from sulfate and ATP.


regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.


mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering

The attachment of a mitochondrion and an endoplasmic reticulum via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


aminophospholipid transport

The directed movement of aminophospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.


SAM complex

A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates sorting of some imported proteins to the outer membrane and their assembly in the membrane; functions after import of incoming proteins by the mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.


endothelial tip cell filopodium assembly

The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the endothelial tip cell of a vascular sprout.


positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.


mitochondrial tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification

The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in mitochondrial tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).


The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).


EKC/KEOPS complex

A protein complex involved in t6A tRNA modification. For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Bud32p, Kae1p, Gon7p, Cgi121p, and Pcc1p.


sulfuric ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RSO-R' + H2O = RSOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a sulfuric ester bond, an ester formed from sulfuric acid, O=SO(OH)2.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.


heparin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.


negative regulation of secretion of lysosomal enzymes

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of secretion of lysosomal enzymes, the controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.


positive regulation of collagen catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


cysteine-type carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


ganglioside GM1(1-)

A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of GM1 ganglioside.


HPSE2_HUMAN Inactive heparanase-2 (sprot)

A heparanase-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


perivascular macrophage

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A central nervous system macrophage found in small blood vessels in the brain. Markers include CD14+CD16+CD163+.


inflammatory cell

Any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance, e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.


vesicle tethering

The initial, indirect interaction between a vesicle membrane and a membrane to which it is targeted for fusion. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior to interaction between factors involved in fusion.


sequestering of iron ion

The process of binding or confining iron ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


receptor signaling pathway via STAT

An intracellular signal transduction process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The STAT cascade begins with receptor activation followed by activation of STAT proteins by kinases. It proceeds through STA dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.


response to disaccharide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.


Acyclovir

An oxopurine that is  guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.


porphyrins

Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure.


Vorinostat

A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and  hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).


Acetamide

A member of the class of acetamides that results from the formal condensation of acetic acid with ammonia.


Topotecan

A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.


Inulobiose

An inulobiose in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


Pravastatin

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.


microcystin RR

A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-arginyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl, L-arginyl, (2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle.


Mannitol

The D-enantiomer of mannitol.


Penicillin G

Any member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6.


Riboflavin

D-Ribitol in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl moiety. It is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables, but the richest natural source is yeast. The free form occurs only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide.


Allopurinol

A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.


Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.


A 2-deoxy-D-glucose that is D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been replaced by a hydrogen.


Sodium Chloride

An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion.


Notoginsenoside R1

A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


Dantrolenum; Dantrium; Dantrolenum

The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.


Ampicillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.


Perfluoroheptanoic acid

A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated heptanoic acid.


Enalapril

A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).


Ginsenoside Rg1

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


Puromycin

An aminonucleoside antibiotic, derived from the Streptomyces alboniger bacterium, that causes premature chain termination during translation taking place in the ribosome.


Pantothenic Acid

A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.


Glycocholic acid

A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.


2-(Methylamino)isobutyric acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group.


Fluvastatin

A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which the stereocentres beta- and delta- to the carboxy group have R and S configuration, respectively. The drug fluvastatin is an equimolar mixture of this compound and its enantiomer.


Microcystin LF

A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl, L-phenylalanyl, (2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle.


Digoxigenin

A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis.


Tolfenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.


EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor

An EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1).


Spiraeoside

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 4'.


Thallium

A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).


Nortriptyline

An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of  amitriptyline.


Glycylsarcosine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.


6-Methylmercaptopurine riboside

A thiopurine that is inosine in which the aromatic hydroxy group is replaced by a methylsulfanediyl group.


Gluconic Acid

A gluconic acid having D-configuration.


Levetiracetam

A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.


Nbd-ceramide

An N-acylsphingosine that is sphingosine with the amino nitrogen converted into a 6-{[N-(7-nitrobenzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-4-yl)amino]}hexananamido group.


Salicylic Acid

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves.


Pitavastatin

A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.


Chlorpheniramine

A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.


Vadimezan

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.


Oxfendazole

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is fenbendazole in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfoxide.


Sulfapyridine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.


Digitoxin

A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.


Triamterene

Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.


Dehydroascorbic acid

Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.


metal atom

An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.


A 2-methoxy-N-[3-[4-[3-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]prop-2-enyl]acetamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of HER2/ErbB2 (IC50 = 10 nM) and exhibits anti-cancer activity.


Piperacillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.


Bumetanide

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is 4-phenoxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogens ortho to the phenoxy group are substituted by butylamino and sulfamoyl groups. Bumetanide is a diuretic, and is used for treatment of oedema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic and renal disease.


Fortaz

A hydrate that is the pentahydrate of ceftazidime, a cephalosporin having 7beta-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino and 3-pyridinium-1-ylmethyl side-groups.


Epinastine

A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine.


anticonvulsant

A drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.


Carbohydrazide

A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between hydrazinecarboxylic acid and hydrazine.


D-hexose

A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.


Methoxyfenozide

A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by 3-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl,  and tert-butyl groups respectively.


Octopamine

A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.


Cefmetazole

A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.


Tetramethylrosamine chloride

The chloride salt of tetramethylrosamine. Used as a red-orange fluorescent dye.


formimidic acid

A carboximidic acid that is  formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.


Glycoursodeoxycholic acid

A bile acid glycine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.


Cephalexin monohydrate

A hydrate of cephalexin consisting of equimolar amounts of hydrate and cephalexin.


Cyazofamid

A member of the class of imidazoles carrying dimethylsulfamyl, cyano, chloro and 4-tolyl substituents at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively. A fungicide used mainly for controlling Oomycete and Plasmodiophora diseases on potatoes and tomatoes. It is a skin and eye irritant and is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms.


Methylurea

A member of the class of ureas that is urea substituted by a methyl group at one of the nitrogen atoms.


Ethirimol

An aminopyrimidine that is 2-ethylaminopyrimidin-4-one carrying butyl and methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6 respectively. A fungicide first marketed in 1970 and used as a seed treatment for diseaases such as damping-off, it is not licensed for use within the European Union.


Carbamic acid

A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.


dipeptide

Any molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


Pipemidic acid

A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.


A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 1,3-benzothiazole substituted by a methylnitrilo group, (pyridin-3-yl)methyl group, methyl group, hydroxy group and methyl group at position 2,4,5,6 and 7, respectively. It is a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and thromboxane A2 synthetase and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. The drug was being developed by Eisai (Tokyo, Japan) for the treatment of bowel disease.


Enkephalin-leu, ala(2)-melphalan methyl ester-


Flupyradifurone

A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which the nitrogens have been replaced by (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, and 5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl groups, respectively. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) agonist, it is used as an insecticide to control sucking pests in a variety of crops.


fluorescein isothiocyanate bovine serum albumin


cephalosporin C

A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.


Dermatan, 4-(hydrogen sulfate)

Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.