OR4CC_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 4C12 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 4C12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR4F4_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 4F4 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 4F4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR4K3_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 4K3 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 4K3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR7D2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 7D2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 7D2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR5MB_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 5M11 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 5M11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR8B4_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 8B4 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 8B4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR8B2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 8B2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 8B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR6C1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 6C1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 6C1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O52B2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 52B2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 52B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O52E6_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 52E6 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 52E6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR2B2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 2B2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 2B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR2H1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 2H1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 2H1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR2J1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 2J1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 2J1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O11A1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 11A1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 11A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR8D2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 8D2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 8D2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O2AG1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 2AG1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 2AG1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O10A5_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 10A5 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 10A5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O10A2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 10A2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 10A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O10A4_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 10A4 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 10A4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR2D2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 2D2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 2D2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O51E2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 51E2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 51E2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O52A5_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 52A5 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 52A5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O51V1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 51V1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 51V1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O51B5_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 51B5 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 51B5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O51B6_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 51B6 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 51B6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O51M1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 51M1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 51M1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O51J1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 51J1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 51J1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O51I1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 51I1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 51I1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O51I2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 51I2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 51I2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O52D1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 52D1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 52D1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR2S1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 2S2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 2S2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR6C3_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 6C3 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 6C3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR6C2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 6C2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 6C2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O5AC2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 5AC2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 5AC2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR1A1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 1A1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 1A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O14J1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 14J1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 14J1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR5V1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 5V1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 5V1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O12D3_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 12D3 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 12D3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O52A1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 52A1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 52A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR2W1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 2W1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 2W1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O10H1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 10H1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 10H1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR1A2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 1A2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 1A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O51B4_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 51B4 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 51B4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O51B2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 51B2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 51B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


S phase

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place.


NIN_HUMAN Ninein (sprot)

A ninein that is encoded in the genome of human.


CE170_HUMAN Centrosomal protein of 170 kDa (sprot)

A centrosomal protein of 170 kDa that is encoded in the genome of human.


CE128_HUMAN Centrosomal protein of 128 kDa (sprot)

A centrosomal protein of 128 kDa that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitochondrial transcription

The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


regulation of mitochondrial transcription

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion.


G2 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).


M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.


mitochondrial nucleoid

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined.


lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus

The movement of a lymphoid lineage cell (also called a lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell) into the thymus. Lymphoid lineage cells enter and exit the thymus several times as part of this process.


regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.


pancreas development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones.


optic nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the optic nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


exocrine pancreas development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells.


negative regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.


superior colliculus

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of supeior colliculus from Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM).


forebrain ventricular layer

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


forebrain radial glial cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


glossopharyngeal ganglion

The group of neuron cell bodies associated with the ninth cranial nerve.


geniculate ganglion

The group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve).


vestibulocochlear ganglion

The group of neuron cell bodies associated with the eighth cranial nerve during embryogenesis; splits in later development to form the cochlear and vestibular ganglia.


ventricular system choroidal fissure

The narrow cleft along the medial wall of the lateral ventricle along the margins of which the choroid plexus is attached; it lies between the upper surface of the thalamus and lateral edge of the fornix in the central part of the ventricle and between the terminal stria and fimbria hippocampi in the inferior horn[ZFA].


vestibulo-cochlear VIII ganglion complex


cholinergic neuron

A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter.


peptidergic neuron

A neuron that uses neuropeptides as transmitters.


pain receptor cell

The peripheral receptor for pain. Includes receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. All mammalian nociceptors are free nerve endings.


spinal cord interneuron

A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord.


long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4 isoform 1 (mouse)

A long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


neural tube formation

The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.


retinoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


mandibular nerve

The motor and sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, temporal region, the cheek, the skin overlying the mandible, the anterior portion of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lower teeth and gingiva and transmits motor information from the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle and the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini.


retinoic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


Wnt receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a Wnt receptor. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


cortical actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


JUN phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein.


neural fold hinge point formation

The formation of the median and lateral hinge points in the neural folds. These are created by apical constriction and basal expansion of the underlying neural cells. The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure.


olfactory epithelial cell

A specialized cell involved in sensory perception of smell.


CPLN2_HUMAN Ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector 2 (sprot)

A ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized.


cardiac ventricle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


ventricular cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


noradrenergic neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.


cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized.


future cardiac ventricle

Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle.


interatrial septum

A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart.


bulbus cordis

A transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches.


midgut dorsal mesentery

A dorsal mesentery that is part of a midgut.


head morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.


swimming

Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through water, often by means of active fin movement.


protein alkylation

The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. Alkyl groups are derived from alkanes by removal of one hydrogen atom.


collagen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


hepatic stellate cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a hepatic stellate cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, cellular ligand or soluble factor.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state that contributes to somitogenesis.


regulation of somitogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis.


circulatory system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.


dorsal aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a fin are generated and organized.


epidermis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.


regulation of cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.


negative regulation of cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.


fungal-type cell wall

A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure.


cumulus cell

Cumulus cell is a specialized granulosa cell that surrounds and nourishes the oocyte. This cell-type surrounds the fully-grown oocyte to form a cumulus-oocyte complex (abbr. COC). The terms cumulus oophorus cells, cumulus granulosa cells, cumulus oophorous granulosa cells, granulosa-cumulus cells are used to make a distinction between this cell and the other functionally different subpopulation of granulosa cells at the wall of the Graafian follicle.


CD44 antigen isoform 4 (mouse)

A CD44 antigen (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P15379-4.


CD44 antigen isoform 7 (mouse)

A CD44 antigen (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P15379-6.


CD44 antigen isoform 12 (mouse)

A CD44 antigen (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P15379-3.


CD44 antigen isoform 6 (mouse)

A CD44 antigen (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P15379-5.


epidermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab-3A isoform m1 phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab-3A isoform m1 (mouse) that has been phosphorylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Ser-169 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8VDV3-1. UniProtKB:Q8VDV3-1, Ser-169, MOD:00046.


negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.


positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.


embryonic hemocyte

A hemocyte derived from the embryonic head mesoderm, which enters the hemolymph as a circulating cell.


hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell

A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells.


embryonic hindgut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


regulation of vascular permeability

Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament organization

An actin filament organization process that contributes to actomyosin contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis.


actin lateral binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to an actin filament along its length.


foregut

Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract.


CAZA3_MOUSE F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-3 (sprot)

An F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cellular response to mechanical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.


heart rudiment formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment.


left/right pattern formation

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the left/right axis in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


digestive system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


habenula development

The progression of the habenula over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The habenula is the group of nuclei that makes up the stalk of the pineal gland.


determination of left/right asymmetry in diencephalon

The establishment of the diencephalon with respect to the left and right halves.


intestinal epithelial structure maintenance

A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.


response to lithium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.


cellular homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


embryonic organ development

Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


Wnt protein secretion

The controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.


intestinal bulb

This anteriormost portion of the intestine has the most digestive enzymes and the greatest epithelial surface area. Wallace et al, 2005.


serotonin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


negative regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


negative regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.


regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


ncRNA transcription

The transcription of non (protein) coding RNA from a DNA template.


symmetric cell division

Cell division in which both daughter cells are of the same type.


pronephros development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


maintenance of blood-brain barrier

Maintaining the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier, thus ensuring specific regulated transport of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into the brain, and out of the brain into the blood circulation.


regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.


peripheral nervous system neuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. The axon carries action potential from the cell body towards target cells.


blood vessel diameter maintenance

Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels.


negative regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system.


rhombomere boundary formation

The process that gives rise to a rhombomere boundary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a boundary delimiting a rhombomere. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon that are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


neurotransmitter reuptake

The directed movement of neurotransmitter molecules from the extrasynaptic space into the presynaptic cytosol.


glial cell migration

The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.


negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


hepaticobiliary system development

The progression of the hepaticobiliary system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins.


swim bladder development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the swim bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


hepatocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of hepatocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Hepatocytes form the main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.


gallbladder development

The progression of the gallbladder over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The gallbladder is a cavitated organ that stores bile.


hepatic duct development

The progression of the hepatic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the common bile duct.


liver morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized.


endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.


embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.


positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


regulation of sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.


TM215_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 215 (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 215 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein heterodimerization activity

Binding to a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.


glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


venous blood vessel development

The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed.


venous blood vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart.


regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


branching involved in lymph vessel morphogenesis

The process of the coordinated growth and sprouting of lymph vessels giving rise to the organized lymphatic system.


negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


venous endothelial cell migration involved in lymph vessel development

The orderly movement of venous endothelial cells out of the veins giving rise to the precursors of lymphatic endothelial cells.


pelvic fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pelvic fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ITA7_MOUSE Integrin alpha-7 (sprot)

An integrin alpha-7 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ITAM_MOUSE Integrin alpha-M (sprot)

An integrin alpha-M that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ITA1_MOUSE Integrin alpha-1 (sprot)

An integrin alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ITB6_MOUSE Integrin beta-6 (sprot)

An integrin beta-6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ITB5_MOUSE Integrin beta-5 (sprot)

An integrin beta-5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


integrin alpha-6 isoform Alpha-6X1A (mouse)

An integrin alpha-6 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


lactadherin isoform m1 (mouse)

A lactadherin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P21956-1.


endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via fibronectin.


ERBB4-ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4, followed by ligand-induced homodimerization of ERBB4 and transmission of the signal into the cell by the homodimeric ERBB4 complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ERBB2-ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB4 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.


ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and EGFR. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.


entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface that mediates/triggers viral entry by endocytosis/pinocytosis or by inducing fusion/penetration.


neuron-neuron synaptic transmission

The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse.


somatostatin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cholecystokinin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by cholecystokinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


endothelin receptor activity

Combining with endothelin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


inward rectifying potassium channel

A protein complex that comprises four pore-forming (Kir6.x) and four regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SURx) subunits and forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass. The opening and closing of the channel is regulated by ATP: binding of ATP to the Kir6.x subunit inhibits channel activity, whereas binding of Mg2+-complexed ATP or ADP to the SURx subunit stimulates channel activity.


nociceptin receptor activity

Combining with the peptide nociceptin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


host extracellular space

The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream.


tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform 1 (human)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PD1L1_HUMAN Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (sprot)

A programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NRG4_HUMAN Pro-neuregulin-4, membrane-bound isoform (sprot)

A pro-neuregulin-4, membrane-bound isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


tubulin-tyrosine carboxypeptidase

Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosyl-[tubulin] + H2O = C-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[tubulin] + L-tyrosine.


vasculature development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.


positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule isoform m2 (mouse)

A platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q08481-2.


cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.


cerebellar granule cell to Purkinje cell synapse

A synapse of a granule cell fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum.


PEA15_HUMAN Astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15 (sprot)

An astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DUS1_HUMAN Dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 (sprot)

A dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DUS2_HUMAN Dual specificity protein phosphatase 2 (sprot)

A dual specificity protein phosphatase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DUS4_HUMAN Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (sprot)

A dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DUS5_HUMAN Dual specificity protein phosphatase 5 (sprot)

A dual specificity protein phosphatase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cerebellar Purkinje cell layer morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer is generated and organized. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


apoptotic body

A vesicle containing parts of a dying cell. Apoptotic bodies can be formed during the execution phase of the apoptotic process, when the cell's cytoskeleton breaks up and causes the membrane to bulge outward. These bulges may separate from the cell, taking a portion of cytoplasm with them, to become apoptotic bodies. These are then engulfed by phagocytic cells, and their components recycled. Apoptotic bodies may range in size from 0.8 to 5um.


spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.


neural plate pattern specification

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the neural plate to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


mesodermal cell fate commitment

The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the mesoderm.


brain segmentation

Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


regulation of anterior head development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


cell proliferation involved in pronephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the pronephros.


AXIN1_HUMAN Axin-1 (sprot)

An Axin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AXIN2_HUMAN Axin-2 (sprot)

An Axin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


basement membrane assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue.


basal regeneration epithelium of regenerating fin/limb

Layer of the wound epidermis that surrounds the blastema in the fin or limb[ZFA,modified].


SUMO ligase complex

A protein ligase complex that enables protein sumoylation. Consists of a SUMO-protein transferase and other proteins that may confer substrate specificity of the complex.


WW domain binding

Binding to a WW domain of a protein, a small module composed of 40 amino acids and plays a role in mediating protein-protein interactions via proline-rich regions.


cellular response to organic cyclic compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.


placenta development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


cold-induced thermogenesis

The process by which heat is generated by increasing metabolism in response to cold ambient temperatures in order to maintain a stable core body temperature.


diet induced thermogenesis

The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signaling in the sympathetic nervous system.


mucus layer

An extracellular region part that consists of a protective layer of mucus secreted by epithelial cells lining tubular organs of the body such as the colon or secreted into fluids such as saliva. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins (i.e. highly glycosylated mucin proteins) and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes.


extracellular matrix structural constituent

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix.


axonal growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.


microtubule plus-end binding

Binding to the plus end of a microtubule.


cytoplasmic microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell.


muscle cell cellular homeostasis

The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state.


regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


positive regulation of microtubule polymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


proximal/distal pattern formation

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).


positive regulation of cell division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.


negative regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.


regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.


regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


microvillus membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus.


morula cell

A cell of the early embryo at the developmental stage in which the blastomeres, resulting from repeated mitotic divisions of the fertilized ovum (zygote), form a compact cell mass.


cadherin binding

Binding to cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion.


alpha-catenin binding

Binding to catenin complex alpha subunit.


central nervous system vasculogenesis

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier.


limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin.


embryonic axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo.


layer formation in cerebral cortex

The detachment of cells from radial glial fibers at the appropriate time when they cease to migrate and form distinct layer in the cerebral cortex.


establishment of blood-brain barrier

Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the brain. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.


positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal.


establishment of blood-retinal barrier

Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the retina. The blood-retinal barrier is located at two levels, forming an outer barrier in the retinal pigment epithelium and an inner barrier in the endothelial membrane of the retinal vessels. Both these membranes have tight junctions of the 'nonleaky' type.


lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal.


endodermal cell fate commitment

The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm.


mesenchymal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


embryonic forelimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.


positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.


animal organ development

Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


lung-associated mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung.


negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


metanephros morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized.


hair follicle placode formation

The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.


male genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lung induction

The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung.


renal inner medulla development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal inner medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal inner medulla is unique to mammalian kidneys and is the innermost region of the mammalian kidney.


trachea formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.


positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


fungiform papilla formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a spongiform papilla from unspecified parts. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.


renal outer medulla development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla.


nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.


oviduct development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oviduct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.


renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


lung cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.


trachea morphogenesis

The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.


positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


PROP1_MOUSE Homeobox protein prophet of Pit-1 (sprot)

A homeobox protein prophet of Pit-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are enzyme complexes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.


re-entry into mitotic cell cycle

The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state.


mammary gland alveolus development

The progression of the mammary gland alveolus over time, from its formation to its mature state. The mammary gland alveolus is a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland.


lactation

The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.


regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


regulation of RNA biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.


regulation of protein localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


cellular bud tip

The end of a cellular bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell.


myotome development

The progression of the myotome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The myotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to muscle.


T-tubule

Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.


stress fiber

A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber.


mitochondrial translation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.


voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


T-tubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.


calcium ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of calcium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


cell communication involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


negative regulation of glucose import

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum

The process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.


cellular response to caffeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


protein-DNA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.


cellular component maintenance

The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state.


mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction

An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell and is involved in its contraction.


potassium ion export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of potassium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in an atrial cardiac muscle cell.


negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate.


fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase.


glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate

The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, via canonical glycolysis, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


potassium channel regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a potassium channel.


sodium ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of sodium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.


Purkinje myocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle.


troponin complex

A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.


ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9 isoform 1 (mouse)

An ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 isoform 1 (mouse)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCND3 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha isoform 1 (mouse)

A sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9JJV9-1.


positive regulation of heart contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.


regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in gastrulation.


lens fiber cell morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


The process in which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


protein localization to cell junction

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell junction.


regulation of cell-substrate junction organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization.


negative regulation of establishment of protein localization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization.


positive regulation of establishment of protein localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization.


membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


phospholipase binding

Binding to a phospholipase.


negative regulation of protein localization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization.


perisynaptic space

The extracellular region immediately adjacent to to a synapse.


cellular bud scar

Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation. The number of bud scars that accumulate on the surface of a cell is a useful determinant of replicative age.


protein-containing complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.


rod bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

A bipolar neuron found in the retina that is synapsed by rod photoreceptor cells.  These neurons have axons that arborize and synapse to targets in inner plexiform layers 4 and 5 and depolarize in response to light.


TPBG_MOUSE Trophoblast glycoprotein (sprot)

A trophoblast glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CP110_MOUSE Centriolar coiled-coil protein of 110 kDa (sprot)

A centriolar coiled-coil protein of 110 kDa that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CANB2_MOUSE Calcineurin subunit B type 2 (sprot)

A calcineurin subunit B type 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


E9Q8Q6_MOUSE Coiled-coil domain containing 141 (trembl)


cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion.


myosin V binding

Binding to a class V myosin; myosin V is a dimeric molecule involved in intracellular transport.


site of polarized growth

Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.


mating projection tip

The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.


proximal straight tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.


pronephric proximal tubule development

The progression of the pronephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


diencephalon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the diencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.


hypothalamus cell differentiation

The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus.


response to steroid hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.


prostaglandin E receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin E (PGE(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of pronephric nephron tubule development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pronephric nephron tubule development.


pronephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


pronephric duct morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric duct are generated and organized. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the kidney.


swimming behavior

The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of swimming. Swimming is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the water.


optomotor response

Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish.


amyloid-beta formation

The generation of amyloid-beta by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).


regulation of endopeptidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


TEAD2_HUMAN Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-4 (sprot)

A transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TEAD3_HUMAN Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-5 (sprot)

A transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TEAD1_HUMAN Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-1 (sprot)

A transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TEAD4_HUMAN Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-3 (sprot)

A transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADA complex

A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and H2B. In budding yeast shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of ADA2-GCN5-NGG1-SGF29 with the related SAGA complex.


regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


olfactory placode formation

The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


forebrain anterior/posterior pattern specification

The creation of specific areas of progenitor domains along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing forebrain.


embryonic eye morphogenesis

The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized.


lens placode formation

The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye.


WNT3A_HUMAN Protein Wnt-3a (sprot)

A protein Wnt-3a that is encoded in the genome of human.


WNT5A_HUMAN Protein Wnt-5a (sprot)

A protein Wnt-5a that is encoded in the genome of human.


WIF1_HUMAN Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (sprot)

A Wnt inhibitory factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SOST_HUMAN Sclerostin (sprot)

A sclerostin that is encoded in the genome of human.


DACT1_HUMAN Dapper homolog 1 (sprot)

A dapper homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WNT9A_HUMAN Protein Wnt-9a (sprot)

A protein Wnt-9a that is encoded in the genome of human.


LRP5_HUMAN Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (sprot)

A low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LRP6_HUMAN Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (sprot)

A low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DKK1_HUMAN Dickkopf-related protein 1 (sprot)

A dickkopf-related protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WNT4_HUMAN Protein Wnt-4 (sprot)

A protein Wnt-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SFRP1_HUMAN Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sprot)

A secreted frizzled-related protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KREM2_HUMAN Kremen protein 2 (sprot)

A Kremen protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SFRP2_HUMAN Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sprot)

A secreted frizzled-related protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KREM1_HUMAN Kremen protein 1 (sprot)

A Kremen protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DKK4_HUMAN Dickkopf-related protein 4 (sprot)

A dickkopf-related protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DKK2_HUMAN Dickkopf-related protein 2 (sprot)

A dickkopf-related protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


posterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing posterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


heart valve development

The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion.


spindle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.


regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid biosynthetic process.


zona limitans intrathalamica formation

The formation of the narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon.


superior colliculus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior colliculus is also known as the optic tectum or simply tectum and is a paired structure that forms a major component of the vertebrate midbrain.


centrosome separation

The process in which duplicated centrosome components move away from each other. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.


BORG1_MOUSE Cdc42 effector protein 2 (sprot)

A Cdc42 effector protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


S12A3_MOUSE Solute carrier family 12 member 3 (sprot)

A solute carrier family 12 member 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RP1_MOUSE Oxygen-regulated protein 1 (sprot)

An oxygen-regulated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RL13A_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein uL13 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L13a that is encoded in the genome of human.


STE20-related kinase adapter protein beta isoform 1 (mouse)

A STE20-related kinase adapter protein beta isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ascospore-type prospore membrane formation

The process in which the nascent membrane forms at the meiotic outer plaque and grows until closure occurs and forespores, or prospores, are formed.


regulation of COPII vesicle coating

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


COPII receptor activity

Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a COPII transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles.


endoplasmic reticulum exit site

An endoplasmic reticulum part at which COPII-coated vesicles are produced.


mitotic anaphase

The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


RRAS_HUMAN Ras-related protein R-Ras (sprot)

A Ras-related protein R-Ras that is encoded in the genome of human.


SAR1A_HUMAN GTP-binding protein SAR1a (sprot)

A GTP-binding protein SAR1a that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARFG2_HUMAN ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 (sprot)

An ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARFG3_HUMAN ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 (sprot)

An ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RB3GP_HUMAN Rab3 GTPase-activating protein catalytic subunit (sprot)

A Rab3 GTPase-activating protein catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


GRP3_HUMAN Ras guanyl-releasing protein 3 (sprot)

A Ras guanyl-releasing protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


pro-T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed.


bulbus arteriosus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bulbus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber.


regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


rostrocaudal neural tube patterning

The process in which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis.


endothelial cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.


cell proliferation in midbrain

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain.


CADH2_CHICK Cadherin-2 (sprot)

A cadherin-2 that is encoded in the genome of chicken.


posterior lateral line development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system.


posterior lateral line neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing posterior lateral line.


posterior lateral line neuromast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in tissue homeostasis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation resulting in the maintenance of a steady-state number of cells within a tissue.


caudal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the caudal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development.


embryonic camera-type eye formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a camera-type eye from unspecified neurectoderm. This process begins with the differentiation of cells that form the optic field and ends when the optic cup has attained its shape.


GDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + H2O = GMP + phosphate.


carbohydrate binding

Binding to a carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.


nucleic acid binding

Binding to a nucleic acid.


unfolded protein binding

Binding to an unfolded protein.


ER retention sequence binding

Binding to an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence, a specific peptide sequence that ensures a protein is retained within the ER.


soluble NSF attachment protein activity

Binding to both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.


nucleotide binding

Binding to a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.


ATP-dependent peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oligopeptides from one side of a membrane to the other. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.


glycolipid binding

Binding to a glycolipid, any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic group such as an acylglycerol, a sphingoid, a ceramide (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate.


structural constituent of cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cuticle.


syntaxin-1 binding

Binding to a syntaxin-1 SNAP receptor.


PDIA6_HUMAN Protein disulfide-isomerase A6 (sprot)

A protein disulfide-isomerase A6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ERN1_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.


IL23A_HUMAN Interleukin-23 subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-23 subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


peripheral nervous system axon ensheathment

The process in which a Schwann cell membrane closes around an axon in the peripheral nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.


response to virus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


protein homotrimerization

The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits.


response to molecule of bacterial origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.


positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.


positive regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


RIG-I signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding ssRNA or dsRNA from another organism to the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58). RIG-I detects RNA synthesized during viral replication or shed by non-viral pathogens, and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against infection, for example by inducing the expression of cytokines.


lipopolysaccharide immune receptor activity

Combining with a lipopolysaccharide and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate an innate immune response. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.


nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 2 (human)

A nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


transcription factor NF-kappa-B subunit

A protein that has a core domain composition consisting of a Rel homology domain (RHD) (Pfam:PF00554), an IPT/TIG domain (Pfam:PF01833), six copies of the Ankyrin repeat (Pfam:PF00023), a Death domain (Pfam:PF00531) and a C-terminal PEST region.


CARD domain binding

Binding to a CARD (N-terminal caspase recruitment) domain, a protein-protein interaction domain that belongs to the death domain-fold superfamily. These protein molecule families are similar in structure with each consisting of six or seven anti-parallel alpha-helices that form highly specific homophilic interactions between signaling partners. CARD exists in the N-terminal prodomains of several caspases and in apoptosis-regulatory proteins and mediates the assembly of CARD-containing proteins that participate in activation or suppression of CARD carrying members of the caspase family.


ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus

The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.


MHC class I peptide loading complex

A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.


epithelial cell maturation involved in salivary gland development

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the salivary gland to attain its fully functional state.


ER overload response

The series of molecular signals initiated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.


mRNA destabilization

Any process that decreases the stability of an mRNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes. Messenger RNA is the intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. It includes UTR and coding sequences. It does not contain introns.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, no-go decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation.


post-transcriptional gene silencing

The inactivation of gene expression that occurs after transcription.


CCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + ATP + 2 CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + 3 diphosphate.


RNZ1_HUMAN Zinc phosphodiesterase ELAC protein 1 (sprot)

A zinc phosphodiesterase ELAC protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RIOK3_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO3 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BYST_HUMAN Bystin (sprot)

A bystin that is encoded in the genome of human.


LTV1_HUMAN Protein LTV1 homolog (sprot)

A protein LTV1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RIOK1_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO1 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RIOK2_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO2 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PNO1_HUMAN RNA-binding protein PNO1 (sprot)

An RNA-binding protein PNO1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TSR1_HUMAN Pre-rRNA-processing protein TSR1 homolog (sprot)

A pre-rRNA-processing protein TSR1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ANKZ1_HUMAN tRNA endonuclease ANKZF1 (sprot)

An ankyrin repeat and zinc finger domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NEMF_HUMAN Ribosome quality control complex subunit NEMF (sprot)

A serologically defined colon cancer antigen 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of RNA export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


sulfatide binding

Binding to sulfatide, also known as 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, SM4, or sulfated galactocerebroside. Sulfatide is a class of sulfoglycolipid, which are glycolipids that contain a sulfate group.


MANF_HUMAN Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (sprot)

A protein ARMET that is encoded in the genome of human.


BIP_HUMAN Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (sprot)

An endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP that is encoded in the genome of human.


ENPL_HUMAN Endoplasmin (sprot)

An endoplasmin that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.


chitin

An aminoglycan consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


An N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl group derived from N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine. A disaccharide group formed from the hydrolysis of chitin (a linear polymer of repeated GlcNAc units)


An N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl group derived from N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine. A trisaccharide group formed from the hydrolysis of chitin (a linear polymer of repeated GlcNAc units).


retinoic acid receptor beta isoform 3 (mouse)

A retinoic acid receptor beta isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta isoform Long (mouse)

A retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P28704-1.


cellular response to glucose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.


positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


white fat cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.


PG12B_MOUSE Group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein (sprot)

A group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse.