KRA47_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 4-7 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 4-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA45_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 4-5 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 4-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA44_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 4-4 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 4-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA43_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 4-3 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 4-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA42_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 4-2 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 4-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA33_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 3-3 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 3-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA32_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 3-2 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 3-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA31_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 3-1 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 3-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA24_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 2-4 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 2-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA15_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 1-5 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 1-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA22_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 2-2 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 2-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA21_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 2-1 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 2-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


K1C23_HUMAN Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 23 (sprot)

A keratin, type I cytoskeletal 23 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRT84_HUMAN Keratin, type II cuticular Hb4 (sprot)

A keratin, type II cuticular Hb4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRT82_HUMAN Keratin, type II cuticular Hb2 (sprot)

A keratin, type II cuticular Hb2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


opioid peptide activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic arch baroreceptor feedback

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the aorta and responding to the input via central nervous system control.


VMAT1_HUMAN Chromaffin granule amine transporter (sprot)

A chromaffin granule amine transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


orthogonal dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis

The process in which a lung bud bifurcates perpendicular to the plane of the previous bud.


planar dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis

The process in which a lung bud bifurcates parallel to the plane of the previous bud.


muscular septum morphogenesis

The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum.


kidney morphogenesis

Morphogenesis of a kidney. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the closure of the neural tube.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve.


positive regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4-K16 acetylation.


lobar bronchus epithelium development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus epithelium is the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus.


gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate(out) + H+(in) = 4-aminobutanoate(in) + H+(out).


RNA polymerase binding

Binding to an RNA polymerase molecule or complex.


JUN kinase binding

Binding to JUN kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family.


inositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol bisphosphate + phosphate.


MD1L1_MOUSE Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 (sprot)

A mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


AURKC_MOUSE Aurora kinase C (sprot)

An aurora kinase C that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


positive regulation of protein autoubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.


sodium channel regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a sodium channel.


regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


Hydroxytyrosol

A member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. Isolated from Olea europaea, it exhibits antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.


A member of the class of  quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a (3-chlorophenyl)nitrilo group at position 4. It acts as an  epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist.


Trolox

A chromanol that is 6-hydroxychromane which is substituted by a carboxy group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7, and 8. A cell-permeable, water-soluble analogue of vitamin E, it is used as a standard for measuring the antioxidant capacity of complex mixtures.


Tyrosol

A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.


Etodolac

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.


Amorolfine

A member of the class of morpholines that is cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a racemic 2-methyl-3-[p-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl group. An inhibitor of the action of squalene monooxygenase, Delta(14) reductase and D7-D8 isomerase and an antifungal agent, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) for the topical treatment of fungal nail and skin infections.


A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.


A member of the class of  pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a 4-fluorophenyl group at position 5, a 4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 3. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it exhibits anticancer property.


Oleuropein

A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.


Butenafine

Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.


Sorbinil

An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.


Benzoic acid, 4-(4-((2R,5R)-5-((bis(phenylmethyl)amino)carbonyl)-2-heptyl-4-oxo-3-thiazolidinyl)butyl)-, rel-


Scalaradial

A scalarane sesterterpenoid with formula C27H40O4. It is a natural product found in the marine sponges Spongia officinalis and Cacospongia mollior, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


Manoalide

A sesterterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Luffariella variabilis and which has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity towards phospholipase A2.


mu-type opioid receptor binding

Binding to a mu-type opioid receptor.


B7ZJH6_MOUSE Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (trembl)

A sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:B7ZJH6.


sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 isoform m2 (mouse)

A sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


B7ZJH7_MOUSE Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (trembl)

A sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:B7ZJH7.


B7ZJH9_MOUSE Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (trembl)

A sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:B7ZJH9.


B7ZJH8_MOUSE Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (trembl)

A sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:B7ZJH8.


steroid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


negative regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


telomere cap complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment

Any process that increases the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.


retinal rod cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.


negative regulation of amacrine cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.


H60B_MOUSE Histocompatibility antigen 60b (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the H60b gene in mouse.


MHC class I protein binding

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with an MHC class Ib protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.


HA12_MOUSE H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, D-D alpha chain (sprot)

An H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen D1 alpha chain (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P01900.


HA1D_MOUSE H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, K-D alpha chain (sprot)

An H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen K1 alpha chain (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P01902.


MFSD6_MOUSE Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 6 (sprot)

A major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


lamin filament

Any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. They are classified as lamins A, B and C.


lamin binding

Binding to lamin; any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.


developmental cell growth

The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.


acylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.


dolichol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.


protein mannosylation

The addition of a mannose residue to a protein acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose = UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose.


regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


hyaloid vascular plexus regression

The developmental process in which the hyaloid vascular plexus is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.


regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


regulation of tube size

Ensuring that a tube is of the correct length and diameter. Tube size must be maintained not only during tube formation, but also throughout development and in some physiological processes.


nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephron tubule are generated and organized. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.


uterus morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the uterus are generated and organized.


mesonephric tubule development

The progression of a mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


kidney rudiment formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a kidney rudiment from unspecified parts. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


metanephric tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule.


male genital tubercle

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A differentiated genital tubercle that is part of a male reproductive system.


positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process

Any positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.


membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential

The process in which SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved SA node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


retinoic acid binding

Binding to retinoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.


positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of growth hormone activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.


regulation of spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation.


transition between slow and fast fiber

The process of conversion of slow-contracting muscle fibers to a faster character. This may involve increasing of contractile rate, fast myosin gene induction, increase in glycolytic metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.


ammonium transmembrane transport

The process in which ammonium is transported across a membrane. Ammonium is the cation NH4+.


amylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of amylose or an amylose derivative.


Tie signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an angiopoietin binding to the Tie receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


plasma membrane fusion

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell.


white matter of spinal cord

The regions of the spinal cord that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position.


negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


TNR18_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CTLA4_HUMAN Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (sprot)

A cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity.


D3 dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a D3 dopamine receptor.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


DRD3_MOUSE D(3) dopamine receptor (sprot)

A D(3) dopamine receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


metal ion binding

Binding to a metal ion.


detoxification of copper ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ion. These include transport of copper away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of copper ion.


cellular response to chromate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone

The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


renal tubular secretion

The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs.


positive regulation of estrogen secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.


sperm annulus

The ring-like, filamentous structure located at the distal end of the midpiece of the sperm flagellum; the annulus is thought to form a diffusion barrier between the midpiece and the principal piece and serve as a stabilizing structure for tail rigidity.


clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.


APBA1_HUMAN Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 1 (sprot)

An amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CSKP_HUMAN Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK (sprot)

A peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIN7B_HUMAN Protein lin-7 homolog B (sprot)

A protein lin-7 homolog B that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIN7A_HUMAN Protein lin-7 homolog A (sprot)

A protein lin-7 homolog A that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIN7C_HUMAN Protein lin-7 homolog C (sprot)

A protein lin-7 homolog C that is encoded in the genome of human.


An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having a 12-oxo group; and (5Z)-, (8Z), (10E)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


cyclin K-CDK13 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


MYH9_MOUSE Myosin-9 (sprot)

A myosin-9 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


isoleucine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


leucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


valine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


isoleucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me3.


atrial septum primum morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized.


atrial septum secundum morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized.


insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex

A complex of proteins which includes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and a number of IGF-binding proteins. The complex plays a role in growth and development.


regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA.


regulation of locomotion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.


localization within membrane

Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane.


negative regulation of autophagic cell death

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


medullary thymic epithelial cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An epithelial cell of the medullary thymus. This cell type expresses a diverse range of tissue-specific antigens. This promiscuous gene expression is a cell-autonomous property of medullary epithelial cells and is maintained during the entire period of thymic T cell output.


regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.


positive regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.


milk ejection reflex

A reflex that occurs in response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


odorant binding

Binding to an odorant, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.


IgE immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


neural plate axis specification

The pattern specification process in which the axes of the nervous system are established.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in contact inhibition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation in response to cell density.


development of primary female sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.


IgM binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype.


immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells

The process of transporting immunoglobulin, via transcytosis, from one side of an epithelial cell to the other.


paranasal sinus

The paired air-filled cavities surrounded by the bones of the face that are lined by mucous membranes and are continuous with the nasal cavity.


PDXL2_HUMAN Podocalyxin-like protein 2 (sprot)

A podocalyxin-like protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCR4-NOT complex

The Ccr4-Not complex is an eukaryotically conserved deadenylase that can initiate cytoplasmic mRNA decay, and reduce translation by releasing poly(A)-binding protein (Pab1/PABPC1). Ccr4-Not contains seven core subunits, including two poly(A)-specific exonucleases, Ccr4/CNOT6/CNOT6L and Caf1/Pop2/CNOT7/CNOT8.


macromolecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


protein depalmitoylation

The removal of palymitoyl groups from a lipoprotein.


negative regulation of phosphatase activity

Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.


immunoglobulin receptor binding

Binding to one or more specific sites on an immunoglobulin receptor molecule.


T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


somatic cell DNA recombination

Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells.


KLRB1_MOUSE Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (sprot)

A killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1G that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CXCR4 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR4 chemokine receptor.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the cardiac right atrium.


sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


leukotriene B4 receptor activity

Combining with leukotriene B4, LTB4, to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotriene B4 is also known as (6Z, 8E, 10E, 14Z)-(5S, 12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraen-1-oate.


dendritic growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell dendrite.


IZUM4_HUMAN Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 4 (sprot)

An izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IZUM3_HUMAN Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 3 (sprot)

An izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IZUM2_HUMAN Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 2 (sprot)

An izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IZUM1_HUMAN Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 1 (sprot)

An izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


peroxiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithol + ROOH = [protein]-disulfide + H2O + ROH.


olfactory lobe development

The progression of the olfactory lobe over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory lobe is the area of the brain that process the neural inputs for the sense of smell.


filopodium membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a filopodium.


AQP9_HUMAN Aquaporin-9 (sprot)

An aquaporin-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AQP7_HUMAN Aquaporin-7 (sprot)

An aquaporin-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Roundabout binding

Binding to Roundabout (ROBO) receptor, a transmembrane receptor.


dorsal/ventral axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


spleen trabecula formation

The process of creating a trabecula in the spleen. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.


response to iron ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.


gonad morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals.


anoctamin-7 isoform 1 (mouse)

An anoctamin-7 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.


CD99 antigen-like protein 2 isoform m2 (mouse)

A CD99 antigen-like protein 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8BIF0-2.


CD99 antigen-like protein 2 isoform m1 (mouse)

A CD99 antigen-like protein 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8BIF0-1.


nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


glycosphingolipid

A glycosphingolipid is a glycolipid that is a carbohydrate-containing derivative of a sphingoid or ceramide. It is understood that the carbohydrate residue is attached by a glycosidic linkage to O-1 of the sphingoid.


A glycotetraosylceramide having N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose as the tetrasaccharide component.


SUMF2_HUMAN Inactive C-alpha-formylglycine-generating enzyme 2 (sprot)

An inactive C-alpha-formylglycine-generating enzyme 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


An anionic ganglioside obtained by deprotonation of the neuraminosyl carboxy groups of N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide; major species at pH 7.3.


A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of the pentasaccharide beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide.


An anionic ganglioside obtained by deprotonation of the neuraminosyl carboxy groups of ganglioside GT2; major species at pH 7.3.


An N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as stearoyl.


An organosulfate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the sulfate group of N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-3-sulfogalactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide; major species at pH 7.3.


snRNA binding

Binding to a small nuclear RNA (snRNA).


cyclin/CDK positive transcription elongation factor complex

A transcription elongation factor complex that facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD domain of the large subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme. Contains a cyclin and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit.


single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate

A viral genome replication where the template is single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), and which proceeds via a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) intermediate molecule. Viral genomic RNA is first reverse transcribed into dsDNA, which integrates into the host chromosomal DNA, where it is transcribed by host RNA polymerase II.


deoxyribonuclease II activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 3'-phosphodinucleotide and 3'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.


oxalic acid secretion

The controlled release of oxalic acid, ethanedioic acid, by a cell or a tissue.


Glyoxylate

The conjugate base of glyoxylic acid.


bronchus morphogenesis

The process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to an acceptor phosphatidylinositol, the first step in the production of GPI anchors for cell surface proteins. The complex contains PIG-A, PIG-C, PIG-H, PIG-Q, PIG-P, and DPM2 in human, and Eri1p, Gpi1p, Gpi2p, Gpi15p, Gpi19p, and Spt14p in budding yeast.


prostaglandin F receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin F (PGF (2-alpha)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


COP9 signalosome

A protein complex that catalyzes the deneddylation of proteins, including the cullin component of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase; deneddylation increases the activity of cullin family ubiquitin ligases. The signalosome is involved in many regulatory process, including some which control development, in many species; also regulates photomorphogenesis in plants; in many species its subunits are highly similar to those of the proteasome.


negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


new growing cell tip

A cell tip that was newly formed at the last cell division, and that has started to grow after the cell has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). New end take-off is when monopolar cells initiate bipolar growth.


positive regulation of myotome development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development.


oncostatin-M receptor activity

Combining with oncostatin-M and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


adenyl deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to an adenyl deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


cellular response to type I interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


generation of precursor metabolites and energy

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.


immune complex formation

The process that gives rise to an immune complex. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution. Examples are the clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells in the presence of an antibody, precipitation of a toxin after an antibody binds to it, and clumping of viral particles as a result of antibody binding to the virus.


DNA modification

The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties.


T cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


CD86 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD86, a CD marker that occurs on antigen presenting cells that provides co-stimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.


DNA synthesis involved in UV-damage excision repair

Any DNA synthesis that is involved in UV-damage excision repair.


An N-acetyl-D-galactosamine having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


carbohydrate derivative binding

Binding to a carbohydrate derivative.


negative regulation of actin filament severing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.


positive regulation of actin filament severing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + phosphatidylinositol = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol.


tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA] + NAD+ = mature tRNA + ADP ribose 1'',2''-phosphate + nicotinamide + H2O. This reaction is the transfer of the splice junction 2-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD+ to produce ADP-ribose 1'-2' cyclic phosphate.


isoprenoid binding

Binding to an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


structural constituent of tooth enamel

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of tooth enamel.


ectoderm and mesoderm interaction

A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm.


cloacal septation

The separation of the single opening of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, the cloaca, into multiple isolated openings during development.


heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.


glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding

A growth factor that binds selectively and non-covalently to glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptors.


microglial cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


pyrimidine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of mismatched pyrimidine bases in DNA. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove pyrimidines present in mismatches by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.


Catalysis of the reaction: an N-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-[protein] + L-arginyl-tRNA(Arg) = H+ + N-terminal L-arginyl-L-amino acid-[protein] + tRNA(Arg).


protein arginylation

The conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein; required for the degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway.


negative regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript mediated by RNA polymerase I.


filamin binding

Binding to a filamin, any member of a family of high molecular mass cytoskeletal proteins that crosslink actin filaments to form networks and stress fibers. Filamins contain an amino-terminal alpha-actinin-like actin binding domain, which is followed by a rod-domain composed of 4 to 24 100-residue repetitive segments including a carboxy-terminal dimerization domain.


inner cell mass cell fate commitment

The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become inner cell mass cells.


copper ion transmembrane transport

The directed movement of copper cation across a membrane.


positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.


positive regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


PeBoW complex

A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively.


RNA-DNA hybrid ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA in RNA-DNA hybrids to 5'-phosphomonoesters.


pancreatic juice secretion

The regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine. Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach.


negative regulation of asymmetric cell division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.


fibular nerve

Any nerve that innervates the fibularis. Includes the common fibular nerve, and its branches.


DNA ligation involved in DNA recombination

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA recombination.


DNA ligation involved in DNA repair

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA repair.


tripeptidyl-peptidase activity

Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide.


septin collar

A tubular, hourglass-shaped structure composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments; in budding yeast cells, the septin collar forms from the initial septin ring by expanding into the daughter cell.


intestinal lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.


detection of virus

The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


DNA-binding transcription repressor activity

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets.


regulation of monoatomic anion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cerebrospinal fluid secretion

The regulated release of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the choroid plexus of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid is a clear liquid that located within the ventricles, spinal canal, and subarachnoid spaces.


Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul5 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.


regulation of arginine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.


lipid kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a simple or complex lipid.


AKAP5_MOUSE A-kinase anchor protein 5 (sprot)

An A-kinase anchor protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


establishment of protein localization to membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a membrane.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


phosphocreatine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine present in high concentration in striated muscle which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase to buffer ATP concentration. It acts as an immediate energy reserve for muscle.


phosphocreatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.


negative regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process

Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.


A D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


Glutamic Acid

An optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration.


D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

A glucosamine phosphate that is D-glucosamine substituted by a phosphate group at position 6.


pheromone activity

The activity of binding to and activating specific cell surface receptors, thereby inducing behavioral, developmental, or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell. The substance may be released or retained on the cell surface. Pheromones may serve as a specific attractant, social communicator, or sexual stimulant.


CSF3R_MOUSE Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (sprot)

A granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

Combining with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding

Binding to a macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate = tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate.


Zwitterionic form of anserine.


N-beta-alanyl-L-histidine

Zwitterionic form of carnosine.


dTTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.


Dizwitterionic form of L-cystathionine arising from transfer of two protons from the carboxy to the amino groups; major species at pH 7.3.


A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2-oxobutanoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


angiotensin type II receptor activity

An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gi protein coupling and cGMP (NO) generation, and may also act via additional signaling mechanisms.


diplotene

The cell cycle phase which follows pachytene during prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.


noelin isoform 1 (mouse)

A noelin isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


noelin isoform 2 (mouse)

A noelin isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. This isoform has Gly at position 153, and the C-terminal region 154-485 is missing.


TRAIL binding

Binding to TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family that rapidly induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed cell lines.


regulation of dendritic spine development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex.


PACR_MOUSE Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor (sprot)

A pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor

The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


BRCA2-BRAF35 complex

A heterodimeric complex of BRCA2 and BRAF35 (BRCA2-associated factor 35). The BRCA2-BRAF35 complex is often associated with condensed chromatin during mitosis.


NEDD8 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the initiation of the NEDD8 (RUB1) conjugation cascade.


endomitotic cell cycle

A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.


cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


detection of triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

The series of events in which a triacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Triacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.


diacyl lipopeptide binding

Binding to a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.


detection of diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

The series of events in which a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Diacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.


oocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete.


response to organonitrogen compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


fever generation

The heat generation process that results in a rise in body temperature above the normal, often as a response to infection.


positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


regulation of CD40 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.


hedgehog family protein binding

Binding to a member of the hedgehog protein family, signaling proteins involved in development.


L-phenylalanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


negative regulation of osteoclast development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.


positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.


CPNE6_HUMAN Copine-6 (sprot)

A copine-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CPNE7_HUMAN Copine-7 (sprot)

A copine-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


bilirubin conjugation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide or bilirubin diglucuronide, water-soluble derivatives of bilirubin.


glycitein 4'-O-glucuronide

A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is the glucuronide-conjugated form of the phytoestrogen glycitein.


chloride:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation(out) + Cl-(out) = cation(in) + Cl-(in).


chloride transmembrane transport

The process in which chloride is transported across a membrane.


non-kinase phorbol ester receptor activity

Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal by a mechanism independent of kinase activity.


synaptic vesicle, readily releasable pool

A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool of vesicles that are the first to be released as a result of chemical or electrical stimulation e.g. by an action potential, have the highest presynaptic membrane fusion probability and correspond to about 1% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton.


actin filament severing

The process in which an actin filament is broken down into smaller filaments.


ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribosomal protein S6 + ATP = ribosomal protein S6 phosphate + ATP.


seminal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a seminal vesicle are generated and organized.


female meiosis II

The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline.


poly-pyrimidine tract binding

Binding to a stretch of pyrimidines (cytosine or uracil) in an RNA molecule.


histone H3 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 = CoA + acetyl-histone H3.


histone H4K12 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


dynactin complex

A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach.


endosomal vesicle fusion

The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome.


positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


sensory perception of chemical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


motor learning

Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.


negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


peptidoglycan immune receptor activity

Combining with a peptidoglycan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


biological process involved in interaction with host

An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.


negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.


negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.


Cytosine

An aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidin-2-one having the amino group located at position 4.


subcortical maternal complex

Comprised of at least NLRP5, OOEP, TLE6, and KHDC3/KHDC3L with evidence of additional SCMC-associated proteins that interact with one or multiple members of the core complex.


sequence-specific single stranded DNA binding

Binding to single-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition.


porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.


positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


nitrite transport

The directed movement of nitrite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


cAMP binding

Binding to cAMP, the nucleotide cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


prostaglandin transport

The directed movement of prostaglandins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


yolk sac cavity

An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition].


leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene D4.


nucleolar ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


7S RNA binding

Binding to a 7S RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP).


regulation of ruffle assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.


meiotic spindle elongation

The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.


establishment of integrated proviral latency

A process by which the virus integrates into the host genome and establishes as a stable provirus or prophage.


DNA integration

The process in which a DNA segment is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome.


cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


negative regulation of ERK5 cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.


tricellular tight junction

An specialized occluding junction where three epithelial cells meet. It is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that run perpendicularly to the bicellular tight junction at the point of contact between three epithelial cells in an epithelial sheet.


MALD2_MOUSE MARVEL domain-containing protein 2 (sprot)

A MARVEL domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.


protein polymerization

The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.


glucosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding

Binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


long-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.


negative regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


negative regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.


very long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. Very long-chain fatty acids which have a chain length greater than C27 are also known as ultra-long-chain fatty acids.


very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA in which the fatty acyl group has a chain length greater than C22.


positive regulation of heat generation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat generation.


regulation of interleukin-10 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.


cytokinin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


Peyer's patch morphogenesis

The process in which a Peyer's patch is generated and organized. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development

The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut.


calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell-adhesion molecules

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


negative regulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


pyramidal neuron migration to cerebral cortex

The migration of a pyramidal neuron precursor from the ventricular zone to the correct layer of the cerebral cortex.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


FZD4_HUMAN Frizzled-4 (sprot)

A frizzled-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FZD5_HUMAN Frizzled-5 (sprot)

A frizzled-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FZD2_HUMAN Frizzled-2 (sprot)

A frizzled-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


membrane microdomain

A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it.


negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation.


monocyte activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


granulosa cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals.


regulation of vesicle fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.


positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.


modification-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein.


alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


quinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone.


COPII vesicle coat

One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. COPII is best characterized in S. cerevisiae, where the subunits are called Sar1p, Sec13p, Sec31p, Sec23p, and Sec24p. Vesicles with COPII coats are found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state.


regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle.


regulation of establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the closure of the neural tube.


dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a dopamine receptor.


regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaIIb subunit and one beta3 subunit.


asparagine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


lipopolysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(acyloxy)acyl group of bacterial toxin = 3-hydroxyacyl group of bacterial toxin + a fatty acid.


positive regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.


parturition

The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.


negative regulation of dendritic cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.


positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.


conventional dendritic cell

Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high.


group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by L-AP-4 and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.


PDYN_HUMAN Proenkephalin-B (sprot)

A proenkephalin-B that is encoded in the genome of human.


60S ribosomal protein L13a, initiator methionine removed acetylated and phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A 60S ribosomal protein L13a, initiator methionine removed acetylated and phosphorylated 1 in mouse. Phosphorylation occurs upon activation of the DAPK-ZIPK cascade. UniProtKB:P19253, 2-203, Ala-2, MOD:00050|Ser-77, MOD:00046.


proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


U5 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U5, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U5 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U5 snRNA both while the U5 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


bile canaliculus

An intercellular channel that takes up bile from hepatocytes, transporting it to the bile ducts.


threonine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = D-threonine.


D-serine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.


L-Methionine (R)-S-oxide

The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.


L-Methionine sulfone

An L-methionine derivative in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfone.


L-beta-isoaspartate residue

An anionic amino-acid residue formed following deamidation of L-asparagine or dehydration of L-aspartate residue.


GLCM1_MOUSE Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (sprot)

A glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


organic anion transport

The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


positive regulation of miRNA transcription

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription.


positive regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.


regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of lung blood pressure

The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the lungs. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The branching process in which the mammary gland ducts form tertiary branches off of the secondary branches as part of diestrus and pregnancy.


negative regulation of dephosphorylation

Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.


regulation of translational initiation in response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


SCUB1_HUMAN Signal peptide, CUB and EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A signal peptide, CUB and EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phenotypic switching

A reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching involves changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns. For example, Candida albicans switches from white cells to opaque cells for sexual mating. Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating environmental cues.


cGMP binding

Binding to cGMP, the nucleotide cyclic GMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


intracellular cGMP-activated cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cGMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


L-lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.


positive regulation of protein modification process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


protein C-terminal carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of a carboxyl group at the C-terminal of a protein.


C-terminal protein methylation

The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


regulation of cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.


peptide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.


nucleotide-excision repair complex

Any complex formed of proteins that act in nucleotide-excision repair.


interleukin-27 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-27 receptor.


vitamin E binding

Binding to a vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


TTPA_HUMAN Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (sprot)

An alpha-tocopherol transfer protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


NADPH oxidase 1 isoform 2 (mouse)

An NADPH oxidase 1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NOX3_MOUSE NADPH oxidase 3 (sprot)

An NADPH oxidase 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


phosphatase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.


involuntary skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control.


negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


negative regulation of vascular wound healing

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


histone H3K36 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


transferrin receptor activity

Combining selectively with transferrin, and delivering transferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Transferrin is a major iron carrier protein in vertebrates.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the 5-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


synaptic vesicle uncoating

The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle following the pinching step at the end of budding from the presynaptic membrane.


HSP7C_BOVIN Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (sprot)

A heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein that is encoded in the genome of cow.


female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion

The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female.


male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion

The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male.


pointed-end actin filament capping

The binding of a protein or protein complex to the pointed (or minus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


amine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group.


folic acid-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.


N-Acetyl-L-aspartate

A doubly-charged N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion resulting from deprotonation of both carboxy groups of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid.


collagen type V trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


interleukin-27 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-27 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the presynapse.


regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine into a cell.


positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a galactosylceramide = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a galactosylceramidesulfate.


galactosylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.


neutral amino acid transport

The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


presynaptic endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a presynaptic endosome.


regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


receptor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


positive regulation of B cell tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.


Symmetric dimethylarginine

A  L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions


ornithine decarboxylase activator activity

Binds to and increases ornithine decarboxylase activity.


meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles takes place, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes. This occurs during meiosis.


N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate that is the  N-acetyl derivative of D-glucosamine 6-phosphate. It is a component of the aminosugar metabolism.


Uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine

A UDP-amino sugar having N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine as the amino sugar component.


A 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


Uridine 5'-triphosphate

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.


positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.


regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.


regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.


platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding

Binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor.


interleukin-9 production

The appearance of interleukin-9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


interleukin-21 production

The appearance of interleukin-21 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


galactose binding

Binding to aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides.


'de novo' post-translational protein folding

The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis.


A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 24 and 25 (with 1S,24S-configuration).


recombination nodule

An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes.


galactose transmembrane transport

The process in which galactose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


galactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


fructose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fructose(out) = fructose(in).


fructose transmembrane transport

The directed movement of fructose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


protein geranylgeranylation

The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.


regulation of amyloid-beta formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.


neuromedin U receptor binding

Binding to one or more specific sites on a neuromedin U receptor.


regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan immune receptor activity

Combining with (1->3)-beta-D-glucans to initiate an innate immune response.


detection of yeast

The series of events in which a stimulus from a yeast is received and converted into a molecular signal.


box H/ACA RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA.


positive regulation of telomerase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).


negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.


NAD+ binding

Binding to the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.


positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.


nuclear vitamin D receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that mediates the action of vitamin D by binding DNA and controlling the transcription of hormone-sensitive genes.


VDR_MOUSE Vitamin D3 receptor (sprot)

A vitamin D3 receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain binding

Binding to the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The CTD is comprised of repeats of a heptapeptide with the consensus sequence YSPTSPS. The number of repeats varies with the species and a minimum number of repeats is required for RNAP II function.


cAMP response element binding protein binding

Binding to a cAMP response element binding protein (a CREB protein).


peptidyl-cysteine methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.


glutamate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + ADP + H+.


amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by extracellular matrix-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to the epithelium of the salivary gland.


positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.


acinar cell differentiation

The epithelial cell differentiation process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an acinar cell, a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini.


marginal zone B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).


G protein-coupled olfactory receptor activity

Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


regulation of fatty acid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


inductive cell-cell signaling

Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate.