Beraprost

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.


4-Hydroxybutanoic acid

A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.


Fluazinam

A member of the class of aminopyridines that is 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A fungicide used to control grey mould, downy mildew and other fungal pathogens.


An organobromine compound that consists of pentanedinitrile bearing bromo and bromomethyl substituents at position 2.


Pazopanib

A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.


estradiol, norethindrone drug combination


Oxalacetic acid

An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.


1-Hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-7-phenyl-1-hepten-1-yl)-1-cyclohexane acetate sodium salt


Thiamylal

A member of the class of  barbiturates that is 2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by a pentan-2-yl and prop-2-en-1-yl group at position 5.


Cinacalcet

A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.


3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-, diethyl ester

A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.


3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate

A carbamate ester that is carbamic acid in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a butyl group and in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group is replaced by a 1-iodoprop-2-yn-3-yl group. A fungicide, it is used as a preservative and sapstain control chemical in wood products and as a preservative in adhesives, paints, latex paper coating, plastic, water-based inks, metal working fluids, textiles, and numerous consumer products.


A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.


S-Benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate

A thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and O-phospohorylation.


A member of the class of dihydronaphthalenes that is 1,2-dihydronaphthalene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, 4, and 6 by methyl, methyl, phenylethynyl, and 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)vinyl groups, respectively (the E isomer).


A member of the class of  formamidines that is N-methylimidoformamide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom has been replaced by a  2,4-dimethylphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the insecticide amitraz.


An aromatic alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.


Isonicotinamide

A pyridinecarboxamide that is the monocarboxylic acid amide derivative of  isonicotinic acid.


Dicamba

A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.


A tolualdehyde compound with the methyl substituent at the 4-position.


Cepharanthine

A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.


spiro compound

A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings.


EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor

An EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17).


ethyl trans-caffeate

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with ethanol.


Betadex

A cyclodextrin composed of seven alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.


Alfatradiol

An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer).


A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which carboxymethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.


Isophthalic acid

A benzenedicarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by carboxy groups at position 1 and 3. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and terephthalic acids.


cyclic GMP-AMP

A cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclised via 3',5'- and 2',5'-linkages respectively.


Pramipexole

A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.


A pyridopyrimidine that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by (3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl groups and at position 5 by a 3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyphenyl group. It is an mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2) dual inhibitor [mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin].


Colfosceril palmitate

A phosphatidylcholine 32:0 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl). A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of pulmonary surfactants.


Brazilin

A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a red pigment obtained from the wood of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazil-wood) or Caesalpinia sappan (sappan-wood).


Helioxanthin

A furonaphthodioxole that is furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-7(9H)-one substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at posiiton 10. It is a inhibitor of HBV, HCV and HSV-1 viruses.


Lixisenatide

A forty-four membered polypeptide consisting of L-His, Gly, L-Glu, Gly, L-Thr, L-Phe, L-Thr, L-Ser, L-Asp, L-Leu, L-Ser, L-Lys, L-Gln, L-Met, L-Glu, L-Glu, L-Glu, L-Ala, L-Val, L-Arg, L-Leu, L-Phe, L-Ile, L-Glu, L-Trp, L-Leu, L-Lys, L-Asn, Gly, Gly, LPro, L-Ser, L-Ser, Gly, L-Ala, L-Pro, L-Pro, L-Ser, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, and L-Lys-NH2 residues joined in sequence. Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with type II diabetes.


N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid

An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-pentylcinnamoyl group. It is a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blocker and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor.


Canadine

A berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10.


Phenyl benzoate

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with benzoic acid.


Propyzamide

A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-amine. It is used as a systemic post-emergent herbicide for the control grass and broadleaf weeds in a wide range of in a wide variety of fruit and root crops.


Pentacene

An acene that consists of five ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate

A hydrate consisting of sodium thiosulfate with 5 mol eq. of water.


A methylquinoline carrying a methyl substituent at position 4.


N-Palmitoylsphingosine

A N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).


Isobutane

An alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


An  indole alkaloid that is canthin-6-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9. Isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


omega-hydroxy fatty acid

Any member of the class of naturally-occurring straight-chain fatty acids n carbon atoms long with a carboxyl group at position 1 and a hydroxyl at position n (omega).


Tazarotenic acid

A thiochromane that is acetylene in which the hydrogens are replaced by 5-carboxypyridin-2-yl and 4,4-dimethylthiochroman-6-yl groups. It is the active form of the prodrug tazarotene.


Taiwanin C

A furonaphthodioxole that is furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(8H)-one substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It is a naturally occurring lignan extracted from Taiwania cryptomerioides and found to be a potential inhibitor of COX2 expression.


Tepoxalin

A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]propanoic acid with the amino group of N-methylhydroxylamine. It is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation caused by musculoskeletal disorders such as hip dysplasia and arthritis in dogs.


Taraxasterol

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


Propazine

A  diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.


A methylcatechol carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by some bacteria capable of degrading nitroaromatic compounds present in pesticide-contaminated soil samples.


Undecylenic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.


Carbimazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.


Lac Dye

A glycoside comprising beta-lactose having a p-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo)phenyl group at the 1-position.


Cefotaxime

A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.


Sulfamethizole

A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.


Nicotianamine

The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of  nicotianamine.


Ergocristine

Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.


APETx2 protein, Anthopleura elegantissima


Butanoic acid, diester with 1,2,3-propanetriol

A dibutyrin resulting from the condensation of both of the primary hydroxy groups of glycerol with butyric acid.


Indole-3-acetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.


A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM).


A 13 amino acid oligopeptide which is the ligand for the apelin receptor (also known as the APJ receptor). It exhibits hypotensive and neuroprotective effects, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for acute ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis.


Pilsicainide

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.


Nitroarginine

An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.


A 77636 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo.


Vatalanib

A member of the class of phthalazines that is phthalazine in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 4have been replaced by a p-chlorophenylamino group and a pyridin-4-ylmethyl group, respectively. It is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for all isoforms of VEGFR, PDGFR and c-Kit.


Cyanuric acid

The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.


Dansylcadaverine

A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.


Nitrapyrin

A chloropyridine that is 2-chloropyridine which is substituted by a trichloromethyl group at position 6. It is a nitrification inhibitor that is co-applied with nitrogen fertilizer in agroecosystems.


Ginsenoside F1

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


isoleucyl-glutamyl-threonyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone


Lariciresinol

A lignan that is tetrahydrofuran substituted at positions 2, 3 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, hydroxymethyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups respectively (the 2S,3R,4R-diastereomer).


Profenamine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.


serine proteinase inhibitor

An exogenous or endogenous compound which inhibits serine endopeptidases.


A coumarin substituted by a methyl group at position 4 and by acetyloxy groups at positions 7 and 8. It exhibits strong antioxidant and radical scavenging properties.


Xaliproden

A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.


nucleotide

A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid.


Triphenylphosphine oxide

A phosphine oxide in which the substituents on phosphorus are three phenyl groups.


Ephedrine

A  phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.


Tideglusib

A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.


Monuron

A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.


pyranone

Any of a class of cyclic chemical compounds that contain an unsaturated six-membered ring with one ring oxygen atom and an oxo substituent.


Tautomycin from Streptomyces spiroverticillatus


Protopine

A dibenzazecine alkaloid isolated from Fumaria vaillantii.


Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate

An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.


Sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine

A sulfonamide compound having a 4-hydroxylaminophenyl group attached to the sulfur atom and a 1,2-oxazol-3-yl group attached to the nitrogen atom.


2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid

The 5-phosphono derivative of 2-aminopentanoic acid; acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist.


tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone


Olomoucine

A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.


Triamcinolone

A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.


Potassium Nitrate

The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.


Conduritol b epoxide

A conduritol epoxide resulting from the formal epoxidation of the double bond of (+)-conduritol B.


Tiamulin

A carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a 2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl}acetate group. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae.


Edrophonium

A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.


Ibogamine-18-carboxylic acid, 12-methoxy-13-((3alpha)-17-methoxy-17-oxovobasan-3-yl)-, methyl ester


Flucytosine

An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.


Methyl vanillate

A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of  vanillic acid.


Beta-Elemene

A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is 4,6-diaminoquinazoine in which the one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group at position 4 has been replaced by a m-bromophenyl group while one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group at position 6 has been replaced by a but-2-ynoyl group.


Epothilone B

An epithilone that is epithilone D in which the double bond in the macrocyclic ring has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the S,S stereoisomer).


Lomitapide

A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 9-[4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)butyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluorene-9-carboxamide. Used (as its mesylate salt) as a complement to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.


Pinoresinol

An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration.


Benzofuran

A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.


Palladium(II) chloride

A palladium coordination entity consisting of palladium(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.


Okanin

A member of the class of  chalcones that is  trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4, 2', 3', and 4' respectively.


Euxanthone

A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1 and 7 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from Cratoxylum cochinchinense.


Zoxamide

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-zoxamide.  A fungicide used for the control of various fungal infections including blight in potatoes and tomatoes.


Procarbazine

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.


Bonzi

A 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol in which both stereocentres have S configuration.


Benzocaine

A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.


Validamycin A

A member of the class of validamycins that is (1R,2S,3S,4S,6R)-4-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 has been converted to its beta-D-glucoside and in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a (1R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl group. It is the major validamycin produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


Rhodotorulic acid

A member of the class of 2,5-diketopiperazines obtained by cyclodimerisation of N(5)-acetyl-N(5)-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


Cefminox

A second-generation cephamycin antibiotic having [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and 2-{[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl}acetamido side-groups located respectively at positions 3 and 7beta of the cephem nucleus. A broad-spectrum bactericide, it is especially effective against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.


Pedalitin

A tetrahydroxy-monohydroxy-flavone, with the four hydroxy groups at C-3',-4',-5 and 6, and the methoxy group at C-7.  It has been isolated from a number of plant species, including Eremosparton songoricum, Rabdosia japonica and Ruellia tuberosa.


Fructo-oligosaccharide DP12/GF11

carbohydrate-based polymers derived from natural sources that can be utilized by certain gastrointestinal tract bacteria but not by the host animal


Guanethidine

A member of the class of  guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.


rubiarbonone C

A pentacyclic triterpenoid of the class of arborinane-type terpenoids isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.


EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor

A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the activity of reverse transcriptase, EC 2.7.7.49, a viral DNA polymerase enzyme that retroviruses need in order to reproduce.


1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-1H-indole-3-acetic acid 3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl ester


Antipyrine

A  pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.


2-Ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate

A phthalic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy gruops of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-(hydroxymethyl)heptanoic acid. It is a urinary metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate.


Tipranavir

A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.


Eckol

A phlorotannin that is oxanthrene-1,3,6,8-tetrol substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy moiety at position 4. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity.


N-Acetylcysteamine

A member of the class of  acetamides that is the N-acetyl-deriavtive of cysteamine.


Annomontine

An alkaloid that is beta-carboline substituted at position C-1 by a 2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl moiety. An antiparasitic agent found in Annona montana and Annona foteida.


Manganese dioxide

A manganese molecular entity with formula MnO2.


Alternariol monomethyl ether

A benzochromenone that is alternariol in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum as well as being one of the two most important compounds belonging to the group of Altenaria mycotoxins.


6,8-diallyl 5,7-dihydroxy 2-(2-allyl 3-hydroxy 4-methoxyphenyl)1-H benzo(b)pyran-4-one


Canertinib

A quinazoline compound having a 3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino group at the 4-position, a propenamido group at the 6-position, and a 3-morpholinopropoxy group at the 7-position.


imidazol-5-ylacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group.


Sulfometuron-methyl

A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of 2-{[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoyl]sulfamoyl}benzoic acid.


1-29-Somatoliberin (1-desaminotyrosine,8-glutamine,12-ornithine,15-alpha-aminobutyric ACID,21-ornithine,27-norleucine,28-aspartic ACID,29-agmatine) (human)


Cloxacillin

A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.


DEPTROPINE

An azabicycloalkane that is the 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl ether of tropine.


Amygdalin

An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.


Psoralidin

A member of the class of  coumestans that is  coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively.


Salsalate

A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.


flavonolignan

Any lignan condensed with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Bensulfuron-methyl

The methyl ester of bensulfuron. An acetolactate synthase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide for the control of a variety of both annual and perennial weeds in crops, particularly wheat and rice. It is not licensed for use within the UK.


Ceftriaxone

A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.


Tolonium chloride

An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion.  It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.


Xanthosine

A purine nucleoside in which xanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, amino, fluorine, and cyclohexylamino groups, respectively. It can directly bind to and block the transcription activity of the active forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1), but not the Ser256-phosphorylated form. It induces cell death and growth arrest in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines at low concentrations.


1,3,7,9-Tetramethyluric acid

An oxopurine that is uric acid in which the hydrogens at positions 1,3,7 and 9 are replaced by methyl groups. It is a purine alkaloid that is found in Chinese tea known as kucha (Camellia assamica var. kucha) and exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.


Nimbin

A limonoid found in Azadirachta indica.


High Temperature Requirement A2 Inhibitor I


Pyrrole

A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.


Gramine

An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.


A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.


Thiosemicarbazide

A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.


Bay 41-2272

A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted by a 2-fluorobenzyl group at position 1 and by a 4-amino-5-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase.


detergent

A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) having cleaning properties in dilute solutions.


Eptifibatide

A synthetic homodetic cyclic peptide comprising N(alpha)-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)homoarginyl, glycyl, aspartyl, tryptophyl, prolyl and cysteinamide residues connected in sequence and cyclised via a disulfide bond. Derived from a protein found in the venom of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarus barbouri, eptifibatide is an anti-coagulant that inhibits platelet aggregation by selectively blocking the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, so preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive ligands. It is used in the management of unstable angina and in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty and stenting procedures.


bovine serum albumin-corticosterone conjugate


Carglumic acid

A urea that is the N-carbamoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. An orphan drug used to treat a deficiency in the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase, which leads to acute hyperammonaemia.


Tetraconazole

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-tetraconazole.  A fungicide used to control a range of fungal infections including powdery mildew, rusts, bunt, loose smut and scab.


Bevantolol

A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.


NeoSTX

A pyrrolopurine that is saxitoxin carrying a hydroxy substituent on the nitrogen atom at position 5. It is a sodium channel blocker that is undergoing clinical trials as a prolonged-duration local anesthetic.


Amikacin

An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.


Methyl isothiocyanate

An isothiocyanate having a methyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is also the active nematicide of the pronematicide metam-sodium.


Nitroflurbiprofen

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of  flurbiprofen with the free hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent showing inhibitory effects against the cyclooxygenases COX1 and COX2.


Fostriecin

A structurally unique, naturally-occurring phosphate monoester isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces pulveraceus. It inhibits DNA topoisomerase II as well as several protein phosphatase including PP2A and PPA4, and exhibits potent antitumor activity against several cancer cell lines.


Metazachlor

An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl and a (1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl) group at the nitrogen atom.


Alclometasone dipropionate

A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.


Metoxuron

A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. It is a plant growth regulator and a pre- and post-emergence herbicide used for the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds in carrots and cereals (e.g. wheat, barley and rye).


Pexidartinib

A pyrrolopyridine that is 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine which is substituted by a [6-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}amino)pyridin-3-yl]methyl group at position 3. It is a potent multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R, KIT, and FLT3 (IC50 of 20 nM, 10 nM and 160 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT).


Cefuroxime

A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.


Butorphanol

Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.


A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.


A dialkyl ketone with methyl and nonyl as the two alkyl groups.


Iodomethane

A member of the class of  iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.


A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.


Spray-tox

A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(E)-(2-oxodihydrothiophen-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of (5-benzylfuran-3-yl)methanol. It is a pyrethroid ester insecticide used for the control of household pests, particularly houseflies, mosquitoes and cockroaches.


4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside

A xyloside that is beta-D-xylopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.


Penicillin V

A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.


Antracol

A polymeric complex of zinc with the propylene 1,2-bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. A fungicide, it is used to control a wide range of fungal diseases, including downy mildew, brown rot, black rot, red fire, leaf spot, and blight in crops such as grapes, tomatoes, potatoes, berries, citrus, rice and tea.


A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4.


Sulfamic acid

The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.


Cyclopentane

A cycloalkane that consists of five carbons each bonded with two hydrogens above and below the plane. The parent of the class of cyclopentanes.


Bromacil

A racemate consisting of equimolar concentrations of (R)- and (S)-bromacil.


A carboxamide, the structure of which is that of acetamide substituted on carbon by a 2',3-dimethyl-2,4'-bipyridin-5-yl group and on nitrogen by a 5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl group. It is a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable Porcupine inhibitor (a Wnt signalling inhibitor).


Metipranolol

3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.


A glycosylglucose formed by an alpha-(1->6)-linkage between D-galactose and D-glucose.


short-chain fatty acid

An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid.


A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues.


Lorlatinib

A cyclic ether that is 16,17-dihydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecin-15(10H)-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 10R, and by cyano, amino and fluoro groups at positions 3, 7 and 12 respectively. It is a small molecule inhibitor of ALK and ROS1 kinase developed by Pfizer for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer.


Sophoraflavonoloside

A sophoroside that is kaempferol attached to a beta-D-sophorosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


A pyrrolidin-2-one substituted by 6-carboxyhexyl and 3-hydroxyoctyl groups at positions 1 and 2, respectively. It is a potent prostaglandin EP4 receptor agonist (Ki=35 nM).


Ethylestrenol

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.


Disulfoton

An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.


Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim

A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.


2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 6-(nitrooxymethyl)-2-phenylmethyl ester


A member of the of quinazolines that is 4-aminoquinazolin-7-ol in which the amino group at position 4 has been substituted by a 5-[2-(3-fluoroanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-yl group, while the hydroxy group at position 7 has been converted into the corresponding 3-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)aminopropyl ether.


Ethyl hexanoate

A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol.


Ivacaftor

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.


Iodixanol

A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.


imine

Compounds having the structure RN=CR2 (R = H, hydrocarbyl). Thus analogues of aldehydes or ketones, having NR doubly bonded to carbon; aldimines have the structure RCH=NR, ketimines have the structure R'2C=NR (where R' is not H). Imines include azomethines and Schiff bases. Imine is used as a suffix in systematic nomenclature to denote the C=NH group excluding the carbon atom.


Antalarmin

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM).


Tiliroside

A glycosyloxyflavone that is  kaempferol attached to a  6-O-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


Empagliflozin

A C-glycosyl compound consisting of a beta-glucosyl residue having a (4-chloro-3-{4-[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]benzyl}phenyl group at the anomeric centre. A sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Deoxypodophyllotoxin

A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.


Rhamnocitrin

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of  kaempferol.


Phosphorus trichloride

A phosphorus halide with formula Cl3P.


advanced glycation end-product

Carbohydrate derivatives resulting from the non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins. They result in cells becoming stiffer and more prone to damage and premature aging.


Uniconazole

A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at position 1 by a 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-2-yl group.


25-Hydroxyvitamin D2

A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


hydrocarbon

A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


Methylprednisolone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.


Ginsenoside Rf

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


Sufentanil

An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.


poly(acrylic acid) macromolecule

An acrylic macromolecule, composed of acrylic acid repeating units.


3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-4-(2-(4-((2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)amino)butoxy)-5-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-, dimethyl ester


Chloral

An organochlorine compound that consists of  acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.


Leptophos

An organic phosphonate that is phenylphosphonothioic O,O-acid in which the hydroxy groups are substituted by methoxy and 4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenoxy groups.


A pyrrolopyridine that is vemurafenib in which the p-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by chlorine. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of the Raf kinase B-Raf(V600E).


The acyclic form of L-rhamnose.


Flufenacet

An aromatic amide that is acetamide in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a propan-2-yl and 4-fluorophenyl groups while the methyl hydrogen is replaced by a [5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]oxy group.


A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.


Necrosulfonamide

A sulfonamide that is a 3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl derivative of (E)-N-(4-(N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrothiophene-2-yl)acrylamide. Necrosulfonamide specifically blocks necrosis downstream of the activation of RIP3 (the receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3), a key signalling molecule in the programmed necrosis (necroptosis) pathway.


cyclodextrin

A macrocycle composed of five or more D-glucopyranose units bonded via (1->4)-linkages.


A diisocyanate consisting of dicyclohexylmethane with two isocyanate groups at the 4- and 4'-positions.


Megestrol

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.


Piperazine

An azacycloalkane that consists of a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms at opposite positions.


Sotrastaurin

A member of the class of maleimides that is maleimide which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group and at position 4 by a quinazolin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted at position 2 by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has been investigated as an immunosuppresant in renal transplant patients.


Devazepide

An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of piperidine-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK2, CDK7 and CDK9 kinases and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


Bitolterol

The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.


Carmoxirole

An indolecarboxylic acid that is indole-5-carboxylic acid bearing an additional 4-(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl)butyl substituent at position 3. Selective, peripherally acting dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Modulates noradrenalin release and sympathetic activation. Displays antihypertensive properties in vivo.


Ipriflavone

A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.


PRASUGREL HYDROCHLORIDE

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.


Ethyl vanillin

A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is vanillin in which the methoxy group is replaced by an ethoxy group.


An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.


Cilastatin

The thioether resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol group of L-cysteine with the 7-position of (2Z)-2-({[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)hept-2-enoic acid. It is an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase I (membrane dipeptidase, 3.4.13.19), an enzyme found in the brush border of renal tubes and responsible for degrading the antibiotic imipenem. Cilastatin is therefore administered (as the sodium salt) with  imipenem to prolong the antibacterial effect of the latter by preventing its renal metabolism to inactive and potentially nephrotoxic products. Cilastatin also acts as a leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor, preventing the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.


Posaconazole

An N-arylpiperazine that consists of piperazine carrying two 4-substituted phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4. A triazole antifungal drug.


Punicic Acid

A 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid having its double bonds in cis, trans and cis configurations, respectively. It has been isolated from  pomegranate (Punica granatum).


beta-Tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been isolated from various cultivars of wheat.


Ginkgetin

A biflavonoid that is the  7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2.


Latamoxef

A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.


Cathinone

The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.


A fluoroindole that is 6-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a 2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl group (trans configuration). It is a selective inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), which directs the conversion of trypophan to kynurenin.


Fipronil sulfone

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl, and amino groups, respectively. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical fipronil.


Ecdysone

A 6-oxo steroid that is 5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 14, 22 and 25 respectively (the 2beta, 3beta, 22R stereoisomer). It is a steroid prohormone of the major insect moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone.


Clonazepam

1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.


Oleandrin

A steroid saponin that consists of oleandrigenin having a 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl residue attached to the oxygen function at position 3.


AZOBENZENE

The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.


Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination


Myriocin

An amino acid-based antibiotic derived from certain thermophilic fungi; acts as a potent inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first step in sphingosine biosynthesis. Myriocin also possesses immunosuppressant activity.


Irigenin

A hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 3' and methoxy groups at positions 6, 4' and 5' respectively.


myristoylated autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide


Cadmium nitrate

An inorganic nitrate salt having Cd(2+) as the counterion.


high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL).


Telbivudine

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that is the L-enantiomer of thymine. A synthetic thymidine nucleoside analogue with activity against HBV DNA polymerase.


Podofilox

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl substituent. It is found in the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species and is used for the topical treatment of genital warts.


Biomoduline

A 1,3 beta-glucan polysaccharide with beta-1,6 branching  isolated from the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes. It has a molecular weight of around 500,000 Da; the exact composition is unknown.


Levobupivacaine

The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.


Magnesium Carbonate

A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.


A nitrosamine that is iminodiacetone that is substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. It induces pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in Syrian golden hamsters (other rodents are not susceptible).


Isosalipurposide

A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 4' and 6 and a  beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 2' respectively.


3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester


GGTI-2133 free base

An N-acyl-L-amino acid obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{[(imidazol-4-yl)methyl]amino}-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)benzoic acid with the amino group of L-leucine. An inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I.


A member of the class of ferrichromes that is an iron(III) chelate of a homodetic cyclic peptide made up of a tripeptide of glycine and a tripeptide of N(4)-acetyl-N(4)-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


2,4-Pentadienoic acid, 3-methyl-5-(2-(2-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)ethenyl)-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (E,E,E)-


1,2,3,4,4a,5,10,10a-octahydro-6-methoxy-1-methylbenz(g)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine amide


Iomeprol

A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.


Allyl methyl disulfide

An  organic disulfide having allyl and methyl as the two organic groups.


Fluopimomide

A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methanamine. It is a benzamide fungicide, synthesized by Shandong Sino-Agri United Biotechnology Co., Ltd (China). Used for the control of cucumber and grape downy mildew, phytophthora capsici, litchi downy blight, potato late blight, rice sheath blight, and cotton rhizoctonia solani.


Kuwanon H

A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the plant species of the genus Morus.


Artemether

An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.


aminoquinoline

Any member of the class of quinolines in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted by one or more amino or substituted-amino groups.


Naphthacene

An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


Cefepime

A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


Molinate

A member of the class of azepanes that is azepane in which the nitrogen is substituted by an (ethylsulfanyl)carbonyl group, -C(=O)SEt. A thiocarbamate herbicide not approved for use in the U.S. or European Union, it is used control grass weeds in rice paddies.


A member of the class of piperidines that is 4-benzylpiperidine substituted by a 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group at position 1 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a potent antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.


A primary amino compound consisting of ethylamine having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 2-position.


Hymexazol

A member of the class of isoxazoles carrying hydroxy and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively. It is used worldwide as a systemic soil and seed fungicide for the control of diseases caused by Fusarium, Aphanomyces, Pythium, and Corticium spp. in rice, sugarbeet, fodderbeet, vegetables, cucurbits, and ornamentals.


Suprofen

An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.


Octhilinone

A member of the class of 1,2-thiazole that is 1,2-thiazol-3-one substituted on the nitrogen (position 2) by an octyl group. A fungicide and antibacterial agent, it is used for treatment of canker and other fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit trees. It is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


cholinesterase reactivator

A drug used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates.


Ioxaglic acid

A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.


Aromadendrin

A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.


Oligomycin B

An oligomycin with formula C45H72O12 that is oligomycin A in which the spirocyclic ring bearing the 2-hydroxypropyl substituent has been substituted by an oxo group at the carbon which is directly attached to the spirocentre. It is a nonselective inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase.


nucleoside

An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents.


4-Nitrobenzyl bromide

A C-nitro compound that consists of nitrobenzene bearing a bromomethyl substituent at the para-position.


Trilinolenin

A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linolenic acid.


LAWSONE

1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2.  It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.


Myrcene

A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


5-(Tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid

A member of the class of furans that is 2-furoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a tetradecyloxy group.


CANDOXATRILAT

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure.


A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).


Niraparib

A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.


A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol in which one of the meta-hydroxy groups is converted to the corresponding methyl ether.


Agrimoniin

A dimeric hydrolysable tannin in which 2 moles of potentillin monomer are linked via a dehydrogalloyl group; an antitumor tannin of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., which induces interleukin-1.


Roxadustat

An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH).


N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid dimethyl ester


Cyclohexane

An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.


Aloxistatin

An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.


A triamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by morpholin-4-yl groups while the third hydrogen has been replaced by a 2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol-1-yl group. It is an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.


Tolvaptan

A benzazepine derivative incorporating a benzenedicarboxamide function whch is a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist used to treat euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. It is also used in the treatment of rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease to slow the rate of cyst development and renal insufficiency. Tolvaptan is a racemate consisting of a 1:1 mixture of 5R and 5S stereomers.


The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.


Tyrphostin AG 825

An organic sulfide that consists of  1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur atom is replaced by a 5-[(1E)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl group. It acts as an  epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist.


A member of the class of  phenols that is phenol carrying an allyl group at position 2.


Methdilazine

A phenothiazine substituted on nitrogen by a (1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl group; a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties.


Rubiadin

A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Rubia yunnanensis.


A member of the class of isoxazoles that is the carbamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl hydrogen carbonate with the amino group of 3-({[4-(4-amino-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)phenyl]methyl}sulfanyl)propanoic acid.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).


Imiprothrin

Mixture of 20% (1R)-cis- (CHEBI:39372) and 80% (1R)-trans- (CHEBI:39373) isomers.


Axitinib

An indazole substituted at position 3 by a 2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl group and at position 6 by a 2-(N-methylaminocarboxy)phenylsulfanyl group. Used for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma after failure of a first line systemic treatment.


Amphotericin B methyl ester

The methyl ester of amphotericin B.


Chlorquinaldol

A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by chlorine at positions 5 and 7. An antifungal and antibacterial, it was formerly used for topical treatment of skin conditions and vaginal infections.


Glycopeptide

Any carbohydrate derivative that consists of glycan moieties covalently attached to the side chains of the amino acid residues that constitute the peptide.


{2-[6-(2-Acetylamino-benzothiazol-4-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl}carbamic acid tert-butyl ester


Methohexital

A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.


N-octanoylsphingosine

An N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as octanoyl.


A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-2-cyano-3-[4-hydroxy-3,5-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 3-phenylpropylamine.


Cyanuric chloride

A chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides.


Miglustat

A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.


N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted by a butyl group at the nitrogen atom. It has been isolated from the plant Prunus africana and has been shown to exhibit antiandrogenic activity.


An indolamine carrying an amino group at position 5.


Marimastat

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.


Verbascose

A pentasaccharide that is stachiose which has an additional unit of alpha-D-galactopyranose attached by a 1->6 glycosidic linkage to the terminal galactosyl residue.


A dihydroxyflavone that is  chrysin substituted by a prenyl group at position 6.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of O-phospho-D-serine with the amino group of m-octylaniline. An analogue of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), it is a potent antagonist for both S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. It can inhibit S1P-induced migration of thyroid cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells, and neural stem cells.


Sulfuric Acid

A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.


Tazarotene

The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of  psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.


A tolualdehyde compound with the methyl substituent at the 3-position.


A very long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group.


4-Methylumbelliferyl acetate

An acetate ester consiting of umbelliferone carrying a 7-O-acetyl group.


4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol

A member of the class of benzyl alcohols in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring of benzyl alcohol has been replaced by an isopropyl group.


Camalexin

An indole phytoalexin that is indole substituted at position 3 by a 1,3-thiazol-2-yl group.


Picropodophyllin

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and hydroxy substituents.


Lincomycin

A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.


Ferrous ammonium sulfate

A compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.


Pancuronium

A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.


A member of the class of quinazolines carrying 2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-hydroxyanilino and benzyloxy substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively.


Lorcaserin

A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.


Anagrelide

A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.


Malic Acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.


Methylmalonic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.


Methionine enkephalin

A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-methionine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide with antitumor, analgesic, and immune-boosting properties.


2-methyl-3-(2-((4-nitrooxybutyloxy)carbonyl)vinyl)phenyl ursodeoxycholic acid ester


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as octanoyl.


Mesitylene

A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.


Propylbenzene

An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group.


Ergosine

An  ergot alkaloid isolated from the fungus Epichloe typhina.


Tridecane

A straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus.


Soyasaponin I

A triterpenoid saponin that is composed of soyasapogenol B having an alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid moiety attached at the 3-position via a glycosidic linkage.


Apigetrin

A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


Riddelliine N-oxide

A pyrrolizine alkaloid that is 13,19-didehydrosenecionane bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 12 and 18, two additional oxo groups at positions 11 and 16 and an N-oxido substituent.


Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of adipic acid with 2-ethylhexan-1-ol. It is used as a plasticiser in the preparation of various polymers.


naphthols

Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.


A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and 1,2-diaminobenzene.


Ricinus communis

A mixture of triglycerides obtained by pressing the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis. The major component is triricinolein. Typical fatty acid composition on hydrolysis is 87% ricinoleic acid, 7% oleic acid, 3% linoleic acid, 2% palmitic acid, 1% stearic acid, and trace amounts of dihydroxystearic acid.


Emedastine

1-Methyl-1,4-diazepane in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl group. A relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist, it is used as the difumatate salt for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritic skin disorders, and in eyedrops for the symptomatic relief of allergic conjuntivitis.


Prostaglandin D3

A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,13E,15S,17Z-stereoisomer).


CID 160051

A polyallylamine cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and alkylated with 1-bromodecane and 6-bromohexyltrimethylammonium bromide. It is used as its hydrochloride as an orally administered bile acid sequestrant to reduce the amount of cholesterol and certain fatty substances in the blood.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, 5, and 6.


A mononitronaphthalene carrying a nitro group at position 2.


Pentolinium tartrate

The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.


An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1H-indole which is ortho-fused to a 2H-1-benzothiopyran group at positions 2-3. It is an inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase that limits atherosclerotic lesion development in rabbits.


An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 8-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine 1-oxide. It is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase IV (PDE4).


Ergosterol peroxide

An ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities.


2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid methyl amide


Clopenthixol

A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.


Aminophylline

A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.


N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-(((3-methylphenyl) methyl)oxy)-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamide hydrochloride salt


1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic acid

Benzene substituted at the 1,2, and 4 positions by carboxy groups.


A member of the class of hydroxyindoles that is 1H-indole substituted by hydroxy, 5-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)pyridin-2-yl, and cyano groups at positions 2, 3 and 5, respectively. It is a potent, brain permeable inhibitor of human GSK3alpha and GSK3beta with Ki of 6.9 nM and 31 nM, respectively. The drug was being developed by AstraZeneca for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (clinical trial now discontinued).


A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z  geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.


3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid

A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.


Tetrazolium violet

An organic chloride salt having tetrazolium violet(1+) as the counterion.


Cellulose gel

A (1->4)-beta-D-glucan (cellulose) in crystalline form with a structure consisting of several hundred to over ten thousand D-glucose residues joined by beta(1->4) glycosidic linkages.


Betamethasone valerate

A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.


Kaempferide

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.


Benzyl acetate

The acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.


benzaldehydes

Any arenecarbaldehyde that consists of a formyl substituted benzene ring and its substituted derivatives thereof.


Hippuric Acid

An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.


Phenmedipham

A carbamate ester that is (3-methylphenyl)carbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group.


An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.


Spiramycin II

A macrolide antibiotic produced by various Streptomyces species.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.


Bifonazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.


Glutathione sulfinamide

A sulfinamide glutathione peptide anion; major species at pH 7.3.


Humulene

The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.


4-Nitrobenzoic acid

A nitrobenzoic acid having the nitro group at the 4-position.


A pyridopyrimidine that is pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine in which the amino groups at positions 4 and 6 are substituted by a m-bromophenyl group and a methyl group, respectively.  It is a potent, cell-permeable, reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity [IC50 values of 0.008, 49 and 52 nM for EGFR, ErbB2 (HER2) and Erb4 (HER4)]. It does not inhibit FGF or PDGF-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. Induces G1 cell cycle arrest in MCF10A cells and is antiproliferative in A431 human epidermal carcinoma cells.


mineral acids, trace elements, water, drug combination


A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.


Indisulam

A chloroindole that is 3-chloro-1H-indole substituted by a [(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfonyl]nitrilo group at position 7. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a potential anti-cancer agent currently in clinical development.


Diphenyl acetamidotrichloroethyl fluoronitrophenyl thiourea


Iprobenfos

An organic thiophosphate that is the S-benzyl O,O-diisopropyl ester of phosphorothioic acid. Used as a rice fungicide to control leaf and ear blast, stem rot and sheath blight.


Fumonisin b2

A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).


The simplest member of the class of neoflavones that is coumarin substituted by a phenyl group at position 4.


Morpholine urea-phenylalanyl-homophenylalanine methyl fluoride


Capsiate

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (6E)-8-methylnon-6-enoic acid with the benzylic hydroxy group of vanillyl alcohol. A non-pungent analogue of capsaicin with a similar biological profile.


Benzamidine

A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.


An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.


Azapropazone

A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.


A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol bearing a phenoxy substituent at C-3. It is a metbaolite of the insecticide permethrin.


Naftifine

A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.


Amrinone

A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.


2-Azetidinecarboxylic acid, (S)-

The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


Potassium phosphate

An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.


VIOLACEIN

A member of the class of hydroxyindoles resulting from the formal oxidative coupling between the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one and the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one, which is substituted at the 5 position by a 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl group, where the newly-formed double bond has E configuration. It is a purple chromobacterial pigment that has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoan, and anticancer properties.


Potassium fluoride

A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.


Doxapram

A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.


4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol

A member of the class of  benzyl alcohols that is  benzyl alcohol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from Arcangelisia gusanlung.


ONONITOL, (+)-

A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).


An aromatic ketone that is 2-fluoro-4'-bromobenzophenone in which the hydrogen at position 4 (meta to the fluoro group) is replaced by a 6-[methyl(prop-2-en-1-yl)amino]hexyl}oxy group. An inhibitor of lanosterol synthase.


Thionitrous acid

A nitroso compound that is hydrogen sulfide in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a nitroso group.


Diethylamine

A secondary aliphatic amine where both N-substituents are ethyl.


Salicin

An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is salicyl alcohol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


Diphenylpyraline

A member of the class of  piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.


Procyanidin

oligomeric compounds, formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules. They yield cyanidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions.


fluorohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms.


Azaribine

A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.


Pentachloronitrobenzene

A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


A DiHDPA obtained by formal dihydroxylation of the 19,20-double bond of docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid.


Tafamidis

A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as its meglumine salt) for the amelioration of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis.


Zardaverine

A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group.  It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.


Azadiradione

A  tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 4,4,8-trimethylandrosta-1,14-diene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 16, an acetoxy group at position 7 and a furan-3-yl group at position 17. Isolated from Azadirachta indica, it exhibits antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.


Periciazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom and a carbonitrile group at position 2. Periciazine is a first generation antipsychotic.


3,4-Didehydroretinoic acid

A retinoid obtained by 3,4-desaturation of beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinoic acid


Citronellyl acetate

A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of citronellol. It has been isolated from Citrus hystrix.


Ganglioside GM2

A  sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.


Hinokitiol

A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.


Azure B

An organic chloride salt having 3-(dimethylamino)-7-(methylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is used in making azure eosin stains for blood smear staining and is an active metabolite of methylene blue.


Ninhydrin

A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.


Hydromorphone

A  morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 4, 6 and 7 by a (4-benzamidophenyl)nitrilo group, methoxy group and a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy group, respectively. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Aurora A and Aurora B kinases with IC50 of 110 nM and 130 nM, respectively.


Diethyl fumarate

A dieter obtained by the formal condensation of fumaric acid with ethanol.


Thiocarbanilide

Thiourea in which each nitrogen carries a phenyl substituent.


A tertiary amino compound that is piperazine substituted by a benzyl group at position 1. It is a  serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.


A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the amino group of dopamine. It is present as an endogenous compound in the mammalian brain.


Triplatin tetranitrate

A trinuclear platinum coordination entity that is the tetranitrate salt of triplatin.


Prothiofos

An organic thiophosphate that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ester of O-ethyl S-propyl dithiophosphoric acid.


Macitentan

A member of the class of sulfamides in which the two amino groups of sulfonamide are substituted by 5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-{2-[(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]ethoxy}pyrimidin-4-yl and propyl groups. An orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


neurotransmitter agent

A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.


A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.


Argiprestocin

A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.


Ammonium Sulfate

An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.


Benzyl bromide

A member of the class of benzyl bromides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with bromine.


Nitroxoline

A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.


A hydroxypyrimidine that is pyrimidine substituted by an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 4.


An  aminopropionitrile carrying an amino group at the beta-position.


benzophenones

Any aromatic ketone in which the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 phenyl groups.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.


Dihydrofolic acid

A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.


The simplest member of the class  fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluorene bearing an oxo substituent at position 9.


Methylene dithiocyanate

A member of the class of thiocyanates that is methane in which two of the hycrogens have been replaced by thiocyanato groups. Used as a biocide for the control of various pathogens and algae in industrial water systems and as a fungicide for the control of surface moulds and sapstain fungi on wood.


Hispidin

Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).


An eight-membered oligopeptide comprising Arg, Pro, Pro, Gly, Phe, Ser, Pro and Phe residues joined in sequence. It is an analogue of bradykinin lacking the Arg residue at position 9.


A deoxyketohexose comprising the open-chain form of D-glucose lacking the -OH group at the 3-position and having the keto group at the 2-position.


vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-


The zwitterion obtained from N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine by transfer of a proton from the carboxylic acid group to the alpha-amino group.


Ethylenimine quinone

A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.


Asenapine

A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-asenapine. Used as its maleate salt for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features.


A member of the class of pyrimidobenzodiazepines that is 5,11-dimethylpyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one carrying at C-2 on the pyrimidine ring a 4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methoxyanilino substituent. It is an inhibitor of the Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2.


Cholanic acid

A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.


diterpene

A C20 terpene.


Pulegone

The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one.


CGS 15943

A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.


Pterin carrying a formyl group at position 6.


Butane

A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.


A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.


beta-PICOLINE

A methylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 3.


Metsulfuron-methyl

A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.


A retinal in which the double bond alpha- to the aldehyde group has cis configuration, whilst the remaining acyclic double bonds have trans configuration.


Cystamine

An organic disulfide obtgained by oxidative dimerisation of cysteamine.


The D-enantiomer of psicose.


Barbital

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).


A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group.


Salicylhydroxamic acid

A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxybenzamide carrying a phenolic hydroxy group at position 2.


Fuklasin

A dithiocarbamate salt that is the iron(III) salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. Formerly used as a fungicide.


Cancidas

A semisynthetic cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall.


Vantocil

A homopolymer macromolecule composed of repeating N-hexyltriimidodicarbonic diamide units. It is used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and antifungal agent. Also commonly used as a swimming pool and spa water sanitizer.


Deethylatrazine

A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is  6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a propan-2-yl group.


A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).


Halocarban

A phenylurea that is urea substituted by 4-chlorophenyl and 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is often used in deodarants and soaps on account of its anbacterial properties.


Acinon

A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.


Histamine phosphate

A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.


Santonin

A  santonin that is 3a,5,5a,9b-tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,8(3H,4H)-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5a and 9.


Fosfomycin

A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.


A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1.


FTase Inhibitor I

A dipeptide obtained from the tetrapeptide Cys-Val-Phe-Met by reduction of the amide carbonyl groups of the Cys and Val residues.


A member of the class of  pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.


Geranylacetone

A monoterpene ketone in which an (E)-geranyl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone. It is a component of essential oils from various plants including  Nelumbo nucifera.


Tembotrione

An aromatic ketone that is 2-benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione in which the phenyl group is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by chlorine, (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methyl, and methylsulfonyl groups, respectively. It is a post-emergence herbicide used (particularly in conjunction with the herbicide safener cyprosulfamide) for the control of a wide range of broad-leaved and grassy weeds in corn and other crops.


diamine

Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.


Iloperidone

A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.


Latanoprost

A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.


Carboxin

An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.


Bradykinin

A linear nonapeptide messenger belonging to the kinin group of proteins, with amino acid sequence RPPGFSPFR. Enzymatically produced from kallidin in the blood, it is a powerful vasodilator that causes smooth muscle contraction, and may mediate inflammation.


3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxy group.


Tomelukast

A member of the class of  acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits  anti-asthmatic activity.


Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside

An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.


A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.


CEFOTETAN

A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and  {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.


Triethanolamine

A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.


Nereistoxin

Toxin isolated from marine segmented worm, Lumbriconereis heterodopa. It is also the active insecticide of the proinsecticide thiocyclam.


Sulfisoxazole

A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.


Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol

A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl.


NEOXANTHIN

A neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry except for that at the 9' position, which is cis.


Phosphoric Acid

A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.


Corticorelin

A corticotropin-releasing hormone from human/rat composed of Ser, Glu, Glu, Pro, Pro, Ile, Ser, Leu, Asp, Leu, Val, Phe, His, Leu, Leu, Arg, Glu, Val, Leu, Glu, Met, Ala, Arg, Ala, Glu, Gln, Leu, Ala, Gln, Gln, Ala, His, Ser, Asn, Arg, Lys, Leu, Met, Glu, Ile and Ile-NH2 residues joined in sequence.


Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine

A tripeptide composed of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence.


Thallium sulfate

A metal sulfate in which the counterion is thallium  and the ratio of thallium to sulfate is 2:1. It is a rodenticide used to control rats, squirrels, mice, moles, prairie dogs, ants and cockroaches. It is no longer registered for pesticide use in the United States.


Bixin

A carotenoic acid that is the 6'-monomethyl ester of 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioic acid.


Vestitol

A member of the class of  hydroxyisoflavans that is isoflavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 2' and a methoxy group at position 4'. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


A HEPES that is ethanesulfonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group. A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.55 at 20 degreeC.


Clemastine

2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.


DL-Homocysteic acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.


Bibenzyl

A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene.


Glycyrin

A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a prenyl group at position 6 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity.


Copper(i)sulfide

A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.


ergothioneine thione form

A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.


LIGUSTICUM SINENSE SUBSP. CHUANXIONG ROOT


Sodium sulphide

A sulfide salt with formula Na2S. The pentahydrate and  (particularly) the nonahydrate are also known. In gel form, sodium sulfide is used to soften toenails to assist in trimming (and so relive pain) of ingrowing toenails.


Varespladib

A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by benzyl, ethyl, oxamoyl, and carboxymethoxy groups at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. It is an oral secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects.


Hydantoin

An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.


Boldenone

An  3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It is an  anabolic androgenic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use.


isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside

A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2.


12-Methyltetradecanoic acid

A branched-chain saturated fatty acid comprising tetradecanoic acid carrying a 12-methyl substituent.


Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether

A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.


NINTEDANIB

A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.


A member of the class of isoquinolines that is isoquinoline-8-sulfonamide which is substituted by chlorine at position 5 and in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is an inhibitor of casein kinase I.


A naphthoquinone that is naphthalene-1,4-dione substituted by a methoxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.


Phenazopyridine

A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.