positive regulation of cell fate commitment

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


regulation of cell fate commitment

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


phototransduction, UV

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 400 nanometers.


G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


absorption of UV light

The reception of a (UV light) photon by a cell, UV light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 13.6-400 nm.


GTPase activating protein binding

Binding to a GTPase activating protein.


positive regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.


regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


GTPase binding

Binding to a GTPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.


reticulophagy

The selective autohagy process in which parts of the endoplasmic reticulum are loaded into autophagosomes, delivered to the vacuole, and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


phospholipid transfer activity

Removes a phospholipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


intermembrane lipid transfer

The transport of lipids between membranes in which a lipid molecule is transported through an aqueous phase from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane. This process does not require metabolic energy and can be either spontaneous or mediated by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs).


RTN3_HUMAN Reticulon-3 (sprot)

A reticulon-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SEC62_HUMAN Translocation protein SEC62 (sprot)

A translocation protein SEC62 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of aggrephagy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aggrephagy.


WIPI2_HUMAN WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 (sprot)

A WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytolytic granule

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A specialized secretory lysosome that is present in cells with cytolytic capability such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic granules mediate the storage and regulated excretion of lytic molecules for killing of target cells.


positive regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy.


cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


nuclear replication fork

The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


G-quadruplex DNA binding

Binding to G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures. G-quadruplex DNA can form under physiological conditions from some G-rich sequences, such as those found in telomeres, immunoglobulin switch regions, gene promoters, fragile X repeats, and the dimerization domain in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome.


telomerase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of telomerase.


double-strand break repair via break-induced replication

The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome.


translesion synthesis

The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide.


DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication

The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating unpaired template strands for DNA replication.


replication fork reversal

Replication fork processing that involves the unwinding of blocked forks to form four-stranded structures resembling Holliday junctions, which are subsequently resolved.


negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle

A cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering S phase via a positive feedback mechanism between the regulation of transcription and G1 CDK activity.


ascospore formation

The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota).


positive regulation of transcription by galactose

Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.


protein localization to bud neck

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a cellular bud neck.


regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


GTPase inhibitor activity

Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and orthophosphate.


NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex

A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60).


Swr1 complex

A multisubunit protein complex that is involved in chromatin remodeling. It is required for the incorporation of the histone variant H2AZ into chromatin. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains Swr1p, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, and 12 additional subunits.


actin cortical patch

An endocytic patch that consists of an actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. An example of this is the actin cortical patch found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


cellular bud neck contractile ring

A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


ascospore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ascospore wall. During sporulation in Ascomycota, each ascospore nucleus becomes surrounded by a specialized spore wall, formed by deposition of spore wall components in the lumenal space between the outer and inner leaflets of the prospore membrane. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


vacuole inheritance

The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any actomyosin contractile ring contraction that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


suprachiasmatic nucleus

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

* An ovoid densely packed collection of small cells of the anterior hypothalamus lying close to the midline in a shallow impression of the optic chiasm. (MSH) * small group of nerve cell bodies in the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus, just above the optic chiasm; influences rhythmic aspects of hypothalamic functions in many vertebrate species. (CSP).


chondrocyte intercalation involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a chondrocyte from one site to another that contributes to the shaping of growth plate cartilage in an endochondral bone.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


RNA destabilization

Any process that decreases the stability of an RNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes.


negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


cellular response to radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.


translation release factor complex

A heterodimeric complex involved in the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay

A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability.


regulation of calcium-mediated signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response.


beclin-1 unphosphorylated 3 (mouse)

A beclin-1 unphosphorylated 3 in mouse. UniProtKB:O88597, Tyr-231, PR:000026291.


vinculin unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A vinculin (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation at the position equivalent to Tyr-1065 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q64727. UniProtKB:Q64727, Tyr-1065, PR:000026291.


glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B (mouse) that has been phosphorylated at Tyr-1472. UniProtKB:Q01097, Tyr-1472, MOD:00048.


beclin-1 phosphorylated 3 (mouse)

A beclin-1 phosphorylated 3 in mouse. UniProtKB:O88597, Tyr-231, MOD:00048.


vinculin phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A vinculin (mouse) that has been phosphorylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Tyr-1065 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q64727. UniProtKB:Q64727, Tyr-1065, MOD:00048.


TRAT1_HUMAN T-cell receptor-associated transmembrane adapter 1 (sprot)

A T-cell receptor-associated transmembrane adapter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.


cellular response to antibiotic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.


NLS-bearing protein import into nucleus

The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear envelope.


regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.


cell pole

Either of two different areas at opposite ends of an axis of a cell.


attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

The cellular process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex in mitosis.


positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.


skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of satellite cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process that initiates skeletal muscle satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation. The satellite cell activation is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.


regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.


postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the postsynapse to the nucleus via cytoskeletal transport of a protein from a postsynapse to the component to the nucleus where it affects biochemical processes that occur in the nucleus (e.g DNA transcription, mRNA splicing, or DNA/histone modifications).


skeletal muscle satellite cell commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a satellite cell.


regulation of chromatin organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization.


OPA1_HUMAN Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial (sprot)

A dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


extrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


mitochondrial crista

Any of the inward folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their number, extent, and shape differ in mitochondria from different tissues and organisms. They appear to be devices for increasing the surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the enzymes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are found. Their shape can vary with the respiratory state of the mitochondria.


mitochondrial ribosome binding

Binding to a mitochondrial ribosome.


protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane

The processes mediating the insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mitochondrial inner membrane proteins can get inserted from the cytosol, by crossing the outer membrane and being guided by an inner membrane translocase complex into their final destination in the inner membrane. Some proteins present in the intermembrane space can get inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Finally, some proteins are inserted into the inner membrane from the matrix side of the membrane.


protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane from matrix

The process in which a protein is incorporated into the mitochondrial inner membrane from the matrix side. This includes membrane insertion of newly synthesized mitochondrially-encoded proteins, and insertion of nuclear-encoded proteins after their import into the mitochondrial matrix.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


intracellular mRNA localization

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


protein import into peroxisome matrix

The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported. The cargo protein is then released into the peroxisome matrix.


protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane

The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.


DNA clamp unloading

The process of removing the PCNA complex from DNA when Okazaki fragments are completed or the replication fork terminates.


D3Z4M6_MOUSE Roundabout guidance receptor 3 (trembl)

A roundabout homolog 3 isoform ROBO3A.1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. This isoform has a longer N-terminal sequence in comparison with ROBO3B isoforms and the C-terminal sequence arises from splicing of exon 26 to exon 27 and then to exon 28, with the resulting 78 amino acid peptide highly enriched in arginine/serine dipeptide repeats.


netrin receptor activity involved in chemoattraction

Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell towards a higher concentration of netrin.


establishment of planar polarity of embryonic epithelium

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an embryonic epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


histamine receptor activity

Combining with histamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when GABA has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


nucleus of trapezoid body

A nucleus embedded within the fibers of the trapezoid body.


NBEA_HUMAN Neurobeachin (sprot)

A neurobeachin that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCC1A_HUMAN Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1 (sprot)

A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPTN_HUMAN Neuroplastin (sprot)

A neuroplastin that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADCY1_HUMAN Adenylate cyclase type 1 (sprot)

An adenylate cyclase type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KKCC1_HUMAN Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1 (sprot)

A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KKCC2_HUMAN Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (sprot)

A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


baroreceptor

The sensory nerve endings in the wall of the atria of the heart, vena cava, aortic arch and carotid sinus that are sensitive to changes in blood pressure.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


positive regulation of cellular pH reduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.


positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


mammillary axonal complex development

The progression of the mammillary axonal complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillary axonal complex is formed by the axons from the lateral, medial mammillary and the dorsal premammillary nuclei which share a branching pattern. Every neuron gives off one axonal stem that bifurcates into 2 branches. One of the branches is directed dorsally to the thalamus and another caudally to the midbrain.


lateral amygdaloid nucleus

The sensory interface of the amygdala where plasticity is mediated (Phelps & LeDoux, 2005, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 16242399).


regulation of cartilage development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


positive regulation of bone mineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


negative regulation of prostatic bud formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.


regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.


cranial suture morphogenesis

The process in which any suture between cranial bones is generated and organized.


bud dilation involved in lung branching

The process in which a bud in the lung increases radially.


bronchus development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


mesodermal cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.


mammary gland formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of the mammary gland from unspecified parts. The process begins with formation of the mammary line and ends when the solid mammary bud invades the primary mammary mesenchyme.


shelterin complex

A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase. The complex is known to contain TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1, TINF2 and ACD in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Rap1, Rif1, Rif2 and Taz1 in Saccharomyces. Taz1 and Rap1 (or their mammalian equivalents) form a dsDNA-binding subcomplex, Pot1 and Tpz1 form an ssDNA-binding subcomplex, and the two subcomplexes are bridged by Poz1, which acts as an effector molecule along with Ccq1.


telomeric G-quadruplex DNA binding

Binding to telomeric G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures in telomeres.


TBP-class protein binding

Binding to a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs).


nucleosomal DNA binding

Binding to the DNA portion of a nucleosome.


TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding

Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIID complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.


G-quadruplex DNA formation

A DNA metabolic process that results in the formation of G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad or G-quartet. The stacking of several layers of G-quartets forms G-quadruplexes, in which one or more DNA single strands are assembled in parallel and/or antiparallel, with interactions that can be either intra- or intermolecular in nature.


establishment of protein localization to telomere

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening

Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and lengthening the telomeric DNA.


establishment of protein localization to chromatin

The directed movement of a protein to a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.


silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation

Repression of transcription at silent mating-type loci by alteration of the structure of chromatin.


RL12_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein uL11 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RL14_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein eL14 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RL38_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein eL38 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L38 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RL7_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein uL30 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RS13_HUMAN Small ribosomal subunit protein uS15 (sprot)

A 40S ribosomal protein S13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RS27_HUMAN Small ribosomal subunit protein eS27 (sprot)

A 40S ribosomal protein S27 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RS25_HUMAN Small ribosomal subunit protein eS25 (sprot)

A 40S ribosomal protein S25 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RS19_HUMAN Small ribosomal subunit protein eS19 (sprot)

A 40S ribosomal protein S19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RS18_HUMAN Small ribosomal subunit protein uS13 (sprot)

A 40S ribosomal protein S18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RS14_HUMAN Small ribosomal subunit protein uS11 (sprot)

A 40S ribosomal protein S14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DISC1_HUMAN Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 protein (sprot)

A disrupted in schizophrenia 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


H9F1Y7_MACMU Neurabin-2 (Fragment) (trembl)


H9FWV3_MACMU Neurabin-1 isoform 1 (trembl)


pons

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum.


mossy fiber rosette

A synapse of a mossy fiber onto the dendrite of a granule cell; each mossy fiber can have up to 50 rosettes.


ACHA7_MACMU Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the CHRNA7 gene in Macaca mulatta.


regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.


Schaffer axon collateral

Part of axon of a CA3 pyramidal neuron that projects to hippocampal area CA1.


regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the potential difference across a post-synaptic membrane.


regulation of protein kinase A signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


sensory organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of synaptic plasticity by receptor localization to synapse

Any process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require, via receptor localization to the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. Processes may include receptor transport to, and/or maintenance at, the synapse.


protein localization to postsynaptic membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a postsynaptic membrane.


olfactory bulb

A bulbous anterior projection of the olfactory lobe that is the place of termination of the olfactory nerves and is especially well developed in lower vertebrates (as fishes)[BTO].


ventral tegmental area

Unpaired midbrain region situated in the ventromedial portion of the reticular formation. The VTA is medial to the substantia nigra and ventral to the red nucleus, and extends caudally from the posterior hypothalamus in the diencephalon. The VTA contains dopamine neurons that project to various limbic and cortical areas and is a critical component of the brain's reward circuitry.


brainstem

Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized].


RAB3B_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rab-3B (sprot)

A Ras-related protein Rab-3B that is encoded in the genome of human.


RAB26_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rab-26 (sprot)

A Ras-related protein Rab-26 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VGLU3_HUMAN Vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (sprot)

A vesicular glutamate transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZNT2_HUMAN Proton-coupled zinc antiporter SLC30A2 (sprot)

A proton-coupled zinc antiporter SLC30A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZNT3_HUMAN Probable proton-coupled zinc antiporter SLC30A3 (sprot)

A probable proton-coupled zinc antiporter SLC30A3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VGLU2_HUMAN Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (sprot)

A vesicular glutamate transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


extracellularly glutamate-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


hippocampal granule cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Granule cell with a soma found in the hippocampus.


SH2 domain binding

Binding to a SH2 domain (Src homology 2) of a protein, a protein domain of about 100 amino-acid residues and belonging to the alpha + beta domain class.


kinase binding

Binding to a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group.


cerebellar mossy fiber

An axon arising from cerebellar projecting cells in the cochlea, vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, reticular formation, cerebellar nuclei and basilar pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers enter through all three cerebellar peduncles and send collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei, then branch in the white matter and terminate in the granule cell layer. Through this branching, a given mossy fiber can innervate several folia. Mossy fibers synapse on granule cells. The synaptic contacts are made at enlargements along the length of the mossy fiber called mossy fiber rosettes. The enlargements of the rosettes give the axons a mossy-looking appearance in Golgi stained preparations.


olfactory learning

Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.


long-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.


regulation of cell communication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


male mating behavior

The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction.


pons maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


regulation of translational elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation.


ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.


DNA amplification

The process in which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment.


metaphase chromosome alignment

A chromosome localization process whereby chromosomes are positioned in a specific order and orientation at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), during chromosome segregation. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.


regulation of centrosome duplication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.


positive regulation of centrosome duplication

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.


NINL_HUMAN Ninein-like protein (sprot)

A ninein-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation.


negative regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation.


NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 isoform h2 (human)

An NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q96EB6-2.


proteasome regulatory particle binding

Binding to a proteasome regulatory particle.


GATB_MOUSE Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial (sprot)

A glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.


proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.


negative regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process.


regulation of meiotic nuclear division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes.


Cdc24p-Far1p-Gbetagamma complex

A complex that forms at the cell cortex in response to pheromone treatment and is required for the polarized growth of haploid yeast cells towards a mating partner during yeast mating. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Cdc24p, Far1p, Ste4p (G-protein beta subunit) and Ste18p (G-protein gamma subunit).


incipient cellular bud site

The portion of the budding yeast plasma membrane where a daughter cell will emerge. The yeast marks this spot with bud-site selection proteins before bud emergence occurs. Actin is polarized to this spot just prior to and during bud emergence.


cellular bud site selection

The specification of the site where a daughter cell will form, in organisms that reproduce by budding. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


chemotropism

The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external chemical gradient, usually toward or away from it.


septin ring organization

Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring.


maintenance of protein location in nucleus

Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity

Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


larval heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper.


neuropilin binding

Binding to a member of the neuropilin family.


cell proliferation in hindbrain

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain.


negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


retrograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons towards the cell body and away from the presynapse.


negative regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 isoform 2 palmitoylated 1 (mouse)

A glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 isoform 2 palmitoylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q925T6-2, Cys-11, MOD:00115.


RL24_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein eL24 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L24 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RL3_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein uL3 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynapse.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


cardiac mesenchymal cell

A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart.  These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field.


cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane

The external (cytoplasmic) face of the mitochondrial outer membrane.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells.


aerobic respiration

The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.


regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquinone biosynthesis. Ubiquinone biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


spindle pole body

The microtubule organizing center in fungi; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


tRNA wobble uridine modification

The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


ribosomal small subunit biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a small ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.


regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.


spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore

The cellular process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex in meiosis I. During meiosis I sister kinetochores are lying next to each other facing the same spindle pole and monopolar attachment of the chromatid to the spindle occurs.


positive regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.


regulation of protein localization by the Cvt pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization by the Cvt pathway.


regulation of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus.


semicircular canal fusion

Creation of the central hole of the semicircular canal by sealing the edges of the pouch that forms during the process of semicircular canal formation.


positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


respiratory system development

The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange.


negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.


bronchiole morphogenesis

The process in which a bronchiole is generated and organized. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.


regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.


branch elongation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch.


lung proximal/distal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the lung. The proximal/distal axis of the lung is defined by a line that runs from the trachea to the alveoli.


muscle cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


positive regulation of white fat cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


female genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized.


submandibular salivary gland formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a submandibular salivary gland. This process begins with a thickening of the epithelium next to the tongue and ends when a bud linked to the oral surface is formed.


bud outgrowth involved in lung branching

The process in which a region of the lung epithelium initiates an outgrowth.


positive regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.


male genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis as a result of signals being generated by the mesenchyme and received and interpreted by the salivary gland epithelium.


Harderian gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Harderian gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species.


ADP-D-ribose binding

Binding to ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment.


ligand-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic cation by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


CLIP3_HUMAN CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 3 (sprot)

A CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RACK1_HUMAN Small ribosomal subunit protein RACK1 (sprot)

A receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAP kinase-activating death domain protein isoform h5 (human)

A MAP kinase-activating death domain protein (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8WXG6-5.


type G enteroendocrine cell

An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli.


dynamin-1 isoform bn (mouse)

A dynamin-1 (mouse) that is the b-type isoform.


regulation of tRNA export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.


regulation of rRNA processing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.


positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.


ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.


regulation of mRNA export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


regulation of nitrogen utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.


mitochondria-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions.


regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.


regulation of multivesicular body size

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles.


regulation of tRNA processing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA processing.


regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.


regulation of dolichol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dolichol biosynthesis. Dolichol biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.


regulation of phosphate metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.


fungal-type cell wall organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.


cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation

The attachment of one cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.


quorum sensing

The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms carry out coordinated responses by monitoring their own population density, and often also that of other microbes, by producing small, diffusible, signal molecules, detecting the concentration of these molecules, and triggering a signal transduction pathway when a certain threshold is reached. Quorum sensing can occur amongst microbial communities in the environment or within host organisms.


negative regulation of serine-type peptidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type peptidase activity.


cell wall

The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.


PHRC_BACSU Competence and sporulation stimulating factor (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the phrC gene in Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168.


DEF5_HUMAN Defensin alpha 5 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the DEFA5 gene in human.


REG3G_HUMAN Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma (sprot)

A regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


SUBE_BACSU Minor extracellular protease Epr (sprot)


SUBV_BACSU Minor extracellular protease Vpr (sprot)


negative regulation of viral entry into host cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the entry of viral entry into a host cell.


host cell surface

The external part of the host cell wall and/or host plasma membrane.


virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion protein binds to molecules on the host cellular surface or host cell surface projection.


fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane

Fusion of a virus membrane with a host endosome membrane. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the virus contents into the cell.


viral mRNA cap methylation

An innate immune response evasion mechanism in which a virus methylates the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of its mRNAs. Methylation allows evasion of the host innate immune response, which degrades cap0 (non-methylated) mRNAs.


NXF1_HUMAN Nuclear RNA export factor 1 (sprot)

A nuclear RNA export factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


host cell plasma membrane

The plasma membrane surrounding a host cell.


Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2


FOXH1_HUMAN Forkhead box protein H1 (sprot)

A forkhead box protein H1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TIMP2_HUMAN Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 (sprot)

A metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GGA3_HUMAN ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA3 (sprot)

An ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LFTY2_HUMAN Left-right determination factor 2 (sprot)

A lefty 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LFTY1_HUMAN Left-right determination factor 1 (sprot)

A lefty 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PGFRB_HUMAN Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (sprot)

A beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


PGFRA_HUMAN Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (sprot)

An alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


TSP4_HUMAN Thrombospondin-4 (sprot)

A thrombospondin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TSP3_HUMAN Thrombospondin-3 (sprot)

A thrombospondin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DAND5_HUMAN DAN domain family member 5 (sprot)

A DAN domain family member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GGA2_HUMAN ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA2 (sprot)

An ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GGA1_HUMAN ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA1 (sprot)

An ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A carbohydrate acid derivative anion arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid and sulfate groups of the repeating units of heparan sulfate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide; major species at pH 7.3.


A carbohydrate acid derivative anion arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid and sulfate groups of the repeating units and protonation of the free amino group on the glucosamine of heparan sulfate alpha-D-glucosaminide; major species at pH 7.3.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of MAVS activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of host MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein). MAVS is a signal transducer that lies downstream of the viral RNA receptors MDA-5 and RIG-I to coordinate host innate immune responses.


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate + H2O = NTP + NMP. Acts on bis(5'-guanosyl)-, bis(5'-xanthosyl)-, bis(5'-adenosyl)- and bis(5'-uridyl)-tetraphosphate.


tRNA nucleoside ribose methylation

The process that results in the modification of the sugar of a nucleoside in tRNA at the 2'O position.


HELZ2_HUMAN Helicase with zinc finger domain 2 (sprot)

A helicase with zinc finger domain 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MED1_HUMAN Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1 (sprot)

A mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATOX1_HUMAN Copper transport protein ATOX1 (sprot)

A copper transport protein ATOX1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SODE_HUMAN Extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (sprot)

An extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] that is encoded in the genome of human.


AP4A_HUMAN Bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical] (sprot)

A bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical] that is encoded in the genome of human.


TXNIP_HUMAN Thioredoxin-interacting protein (sprot)

A thioredoxin-interacting protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


NCOA6_HUMAN Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (sprot)

A nuclear receptor coactivator 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3b isoform h1 (human)

A paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3b (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O75182-1.


CHD9_HUMAN Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 9 (sprot)

A chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SMRD3_HUMAN SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 (sprot)

A SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GPX8_HUMAN Probable glutathione peroxidase 8 (sprot)

A probable glutathione peroxidase 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GPX7_HUMAN Glutathione peroxidase 7 (sprot)

A glutathione peroxidase 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


polyamine transmembrane transport

The process in which a polyamine macromolecule is transported across a membrane.


SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


cellular response to methylmercury

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.


mitotic cell cycle G1 arrest in response to pheromone

The cell cycle regulatory process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 as a result of a pheromone stimulus. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


spindle pole body duplication

Construction of a new spindle pole body.


sister chromatid biorientation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.


meiotic spindle checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and that the chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of a host serine/threonine kinase TBK1.


protein K33-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K33-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


IFNA1_HUMAN Interferon alpha-1/13 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-1/13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFN10_HUMAN Interferon alpha-10 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNA7_HUMAN Interferon alpha-7 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFN21_HUMAN Interferon alpha-21 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-21 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNA5_HUMAN Interferon alpha-5 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFN14_HUMAN Interferon alpha-14 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFN17_HUMAN Interferon alpha-17 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNA6_HUMAN Interferon alpha-6 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNA4_HUMAN Interferon alpha-4 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFN16_HUMAN Interferon alpha-16 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNA8_HUMAN Interferon alpha-8 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


suppression by virus of host mRNA export from nucleus

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the host organism.


suppression by virus of host ISG15-protein conjugation

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 conjugation to a susbtrate. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to lysine residues on various target proteins. Viruses escape from the antiviral activity of ISG15 by using different mechanisms; the influenza B virus NS1 protein for instance blocks the covalent linkage of ISG15 to its target proteins by directly interacting with ISG15. The papain-like protease from the coronavirus cleaves ISG15 derivatives.


suppression by virus of host PKR signaling

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (Protein Kinase regulated by RNA) signaling. Host PKR signaling includes targets such as the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, inhibiting protein synthesis as an antiviral response.


suppression of host T-cell mediated immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


suppression by virus of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the host organism.


regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of hippo signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.


SREBP-SCAP complex

A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in the ER membrane; in the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed.


REN3A_HUMAN Regulator of nonsense transcripts 3A (sprot)

A regulator of nonsense transcripts 3A that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


early endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.


PPT1_HUMAN Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (sprot)

A palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein complex oligomerization

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.


positive regulation of protein oligomerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.


positive regulation of protein homodimerization activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.


protein tetramerization

The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


zf-TRAF domain binding

Binding to a TRAF-type zinc finger domain of a protein.


cellular response to leucine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.


protein polypeptide chain

A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome.


response to iron ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of iron ion.


IF4E_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E that is encoded in the genome of human.


podocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.


podocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.


blood vessel

A vessel through which blood circulates in the body.


epithelial fluid transport

The directed movement of fluid across epithelia.


pulmonary alveolus epithelium

The epithelial layer of the alveoli[MP]. The layer of cells covering the lining of the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles[BTO].


cellular response to aldosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus.


interalveolar septum

A the thin septum that separates adjacent pulmonary alveoli, containing connective tissue constituents of the respiratory tissue and the capillary network of the blood supply of the lung.


ureteric bud formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. This process begins when the bud protrudes from the duct and ends when it is a recognizable bud.


large ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

Binding to large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the large ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 25S rRNA.


U2 snRNA binding

Binding to a U2 small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA).


U1 snRNA binding

Binding to a U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA).


U4 snRNA binding

Binding to a U4 small nuclear RNA (U4 snRNA).


U5 snRNA binding

Binding to a U5 small nuclear RNA (U5 snRNA).


tRNA re-export from nucleus

The directed movement from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a tRNA that was previously exported to the cytoplasm and then imported back into the nucleus. The processes of primary tRNA export and secondary export (re-export) can be distinguished because in organisms in which tRNA splicing occurs in the cytoplasm, the export of a mature tRNA must occur by re-export.


NADH kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NADH = ADP + 2 H+ + NADPH.


GLRX5_HUMAN Glutaredoxin-related protein 5, mitochondrial (sprot)

A glutaredoxin-related protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cysteine desulfurase isoform Mitochondrial (human)

A cysteine desulfurase (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9Y697-1.


ferrous iron binding

Binding to a ferrous iron ion, Fe(II).


cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the formation of a blood vessel network.


angiogenic sprout fusion

The connection of an angiogenic sprout to another vessel or sprout during the formation of vascular networks by sprouting angiogenesis.


endothelial tube lumen extension involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any endothelial tube lumen extension that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


blood vessel endothelial cell delamination involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any blood vessel endothelial cell delamination that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


positive regulation of mucus secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


regulation of mucus secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


negative regulation of mucus secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


ATP-dependent histone chaperone activity

Binding to and carrying a histone or a histone complex to unload or deposit it as a nucleosome, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of neutrophil migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.


response to molecule of fungal origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.


induced systemic resistance

A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.


regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production.


head of caudate nucleus

Largest part of the caudate nucleus lying lateral to and protruding into the anterior of the lateral ventricle.


M0QWP1_MOUSE Agrin (trembl)

An agrin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:M0QWP1.


negative regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


histone H3-K79 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 79 of the histone.


segment specification

The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes.


lysophosphatidylserine 18:1(1-)

A lysophosphatidylserine(1-) in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond.


glycerophospholipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 38 carbons in total with 0 double bonds.


organic substance catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.


attachment of GPI anchor to protein

A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain.


GPI-anchor transamidase activity

Catalysis of the formation of the linkage between a protein and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The reaction probably occurs by subjecting a peptide bond to nucleophilic attack by the amino group of ethanolamine-GPI, transferring the protein from a signal peptide to the GPI anchor.


UPAR_HUMAN Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (sprot)

A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


GPI8_HUMAN GPI-anchor transamidase (sprot)

A GPI-anchor transamidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to aldosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus.


cellular response to potassium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.


mesenchymal cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.


GABA-A receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.


reproductive behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction.


hard palate development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes.


response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


response to L-glutamate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-glutamate stimulus.


regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a dopamine receptor signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


postsynaptic signal transduction

Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a postsynapse.


aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


muscle organ morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized.


vagus nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.


type 4 melanocortin receptor binding

Binding to a type 4 melanocortin receptor.


type 3 melanocortin receptor binding

Binding to a type 3 melanocortin receptor.


type 1 melanocortin receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 melanocortin receptor.


positive regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


microtubule plus end polymerase

Catalysis of the transfer of tubulin dimers to the plus end of a microtubule. The reaction is reversable depending on the availability of dimers.


intracellular magnesium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of magnesium ions within a cell.


chitin localization

A process in which chitin is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


substrate localization to autophagosome

The localization process by which an autophagic substrate is delivered to a forming autophagosome.


glycophagy

The selective autophagy process in which cellular glycogen is delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


protein to membrane docking

The initial attachment of a protein to a target membrane, mediated by a proteins protruding from the target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.


positive regulation of protein localization to lysosome

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to lysosome.


glucan 1,6-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.


mitochondrial ribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits.


mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit

The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.


regulation of mitochondrial translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane

The side (leaflet) of the mitochondrial inner membrane that faces the matrix.


bile acid

Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration.


regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


cytoskeletal protein binding

Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).


Catalysis of the reaction ATP + molybdopterin = diphosphate + adenylyl-molybdopterin.


histamine binding

Binding to histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


double-stranded methylated DNA binding

Binding to double-stranded methylated DNA. Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.


siRNA binding

Binding to a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.


protein localization to presynapse

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse.


proprioception

The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.


histone acetylation

The modification of a histone by the addition of an acetyl group.


glucocorticoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.


nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response.


cardiolipin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.


biogenic amine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


conditioned place preference

The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve

A cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve in the medulla that lies under the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations. The cell bodies for the preganglionic parasympathetic vagal neurons that innervate the heart reside in the nucleus ambiguus.[WP,unvetted].


motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing cells that give rise to motor innervation of the jaw through the trigeminal nerve. It receives both crossed and uncrossed fibers from the cerebral cortex (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1996, pg 248).


negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


embryonic epithelial tube formation

The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.


negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.


sperm entry

An endocytosis process that results in penetration of the egg shell through the micropyle (a specialized anterior opening in the vitelline envelope) and entry of the entire sperm, including the surrounding plasma membrane and the sperm tail, into the egg cytoplasm. This step in fertilization is seen in Drosophila, where a plasma membrane fusion event between the sperm and the egg does not occur.


PLC activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system.


regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


regulation of myotome development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development.


neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line.


pronephric glomerular basement membrane

A glomerular basement membrane that is part of a pronephros.


DNA replication termination region

A chromosomal region that contains fork pausing elements influencing the progression and merging of DNA replication forks.


rRNA transcription

The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.


DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication.


regulation of mitotic recombination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.


replication fork progression beyond termination site

Regulation of DNA replication by a mechanism that allows a DNA replication fork to progress beyond a termination site, which is a region containing fork pausing elements that influence the progression and merging of DNA replication forks.


chromatin remodeling at centromere

Dynamic structural changes in centromeric DNA.


DNA topoisomerase activity

Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual DNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in double-stranded DNA.


'de novo' protein folding

The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure.


chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.


protein refolding

The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space

The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.


positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter.


formation of translation preinitiation complex

The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA.


RNA polymerase II core complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II core complex.


RNA polymerase III assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase III complex.


RNA polymerase I assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase I complex.


5S class rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or an equivalent rRNA, from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a type 1 RNA polymerase III promoter.


tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an ectoderm cell.


regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


germ cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


cadmium ion binding

Binding to a cadmium ion (Cd).


positive regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.


phosphatidic acid binding

Binding to phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


heme transport

The directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


MIC26_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC26 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC26 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DJC11_HUMAN DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 11 (sprot)

A DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TMM11_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 11, mitochondrial (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 11, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC13_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC13 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC60_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC60 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC60 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC27_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC27 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC27 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC25_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC25 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC25 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC10_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC10 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-gamma-glutamyl-L-amino acid(1-)

A peptide anion that is the conjugate base of an L-gamma-glutamyl-L-amino acid.


proteinogenic amino acid

Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.


WWP1_MOUSE NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP1 (sprot)

A NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


xylulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


heme A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme A, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.


heme O biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


heme B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme B, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.


sulfate transport

The directed movement of sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.