glucosinolate

Water-soluble anionic substituted thioglucosides. Glucosinolates have a central C atom which is bonded via an S atom to a glycone group and via an N atom to a sulfonated oxime group, and which also carries a side-group. The side-chain and sulfate group have an anti stereochemical configuration across the C=N double bond.


purines

A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives.


Pepstatin

A pentapeptide isolated from Streptomyces testaceus. It is a potent inhibitor of aspartyl proteases.


Verrucarin A

A trichothecene antibiotic which incorporates a triester macrocyclic structure and an exocyclic methylene epoxide group.


Diminazene aceturate

An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.


Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane

A cyclosiloxane that is the octamethyl derivative of  cyclotetrasiloxane.


An organochlorine compound that is pyridine substituted at position 2 by a chloromethyl group.


Solasodine

An oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills.


Camostat

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.


Tetraethyllead

An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom.


Semaxanib

An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.


Flutolanil

A member of the class of benzamides, obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 3-(ispropyloxy)aniline.  A fungicide used to control a range of pathogens especially Rhizoctonia spp. on rice, turf and other crops.


Herbimycin a

A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.


Fluxapyroxad

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-amine. Used to control a number of cereal fungal pathogens including those belonging to the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Zygomycetes families.


fumonisin

A family of toxins produced by several species of Fusarium moulds which occur mainly in maize.


The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.


Roxarsone

An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.


Pyraoxystrobin

An enoate ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-2-[2-({[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]-3-methoxyprop-2-enoic acid. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a variety of diseases on rice, vegetables and teas.


Pirfenidone

A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.


A naphthalenediamine compound having amino substituents in the 1- and 5-positions.


Methoxybenzene-sulfonamide

A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of p-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid with the anilino nitrogen of 2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens of the primary amino group have been replaced by methyl and p-chlorocinnamyl groups. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of  Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.


Clofarabine

A purine nucleoside analogue consisting of a 6-amino-2-chloropurin-9-yl group attached to the 1beta position of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-D-arabinofuranose. It is metabolized intracellularly to the active 5'-triphosphate metabolite, which inhibits DNA synthesisis and so stops the growth of cancer cells. Clofarabine is used as an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent in the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.


pyrazole

A  monocyclic heteroarene that is a five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 2.


Albicanol

A drimane-type sesquiterpenoid orginally isolated from the liverwort Diplophyllum albicans. It exhibits fish antifeedant, antifungal and antineoplastic activities.


Gardenin B

A tetramethoxyflavone that is  tangeretin in which the methoxy group at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


Rhapontin

A rhaponticin in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. It possesses a range of pharmacological activities including antitumour, antiinflammatory, antilipemic and neuroprotective activities.


Vecuronium bromide

The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.


(Aminomethyl)phosphonic acid

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate.


Hydroxycitronellal

The tertiary alcohol arising from addition of water across the C=C double bond of citronellal.


Diazoxide

A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.


Sodium silicate

An inorganic sodium salt having silicate as the counterion.


cosmetic

The role played by a substance in enhancing the appearance or odour of the human body; a name given to the substance itself or to a component of it.


Tacedinaline

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid with one of the amino groups of 1,2-phenylenediamine. An oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells and normal stem-cells. Also used in combination therapy for selected tumors including non-smoll cell lung, pancreatic, breast, and colorectal cancers.


lipid A

The glycolipid moiety of the lipopolysaccharide produced by E. coli.


Stevioside

A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.


An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 5 position on the ring.


Patchouli alcohol

A carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.0(3,8)]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer).


Carnosine

A dipeptide that is the N-(beta-alanyl) derivative of L-histidine.


A semicarbazide derivative that is semicarbazide in which the amino group at position 2 is replaced by a [1,3-dimethyl-4-(propan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]amino group and the amino group adjacent to the carbonyl is replaced by a (2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)amino group. It is a potent S1P2 antagonist (IC50 = 17.6 nM).


Musk xylene

A C-nitro compound that is m-xylene bearing three nitro substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 as well as a tert-butyl group at position 5.


Aristolochic acid II

An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions and by a nitro group at position 10.


xanthones

Any member of the class of  xanthenes based on a xanthone skeleton.


Ammonium chloroplatinate

An ammonium salt comprising separate ammonium cations and octahedral [PtCl6](2-) anions.


Astragalin

A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.


A 6-isopentenylaminopurine in which has the isopentenyl double bond is located between the 2 and 3 positions of the isopentenyl group.


Terbuthylazine

A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.


An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively


An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.


An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.


Isovitexin

A C-glycosyl compound that consists of apigenin substituted by a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 6.


Dolutegravir

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (4R,12aS)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-9-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4-difluorobenzylamine. Used (as its sodium salt) for treatment of HIV-1.


Disperse orange 3

Azobenzene substituted at the phenyl 4-positions by an amino and a nitro group.


alpha-Amatoxin

A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including Amanita phalloides (the death cap), Galerina marginata, and and Conocybe filaris.


A member of the class of quinazolines carrying bromoanilino and acrylamido substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively.


Neticonazole

An enamine that is ethene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, and 2 by o-pentoxyphenyl, 1H-imidazol-1-yl, and methylthio groups, respectively (the E isomer). An inhibitor of P450-dependent C-14alpha-demethylation of lanosterol (preventing conversion to ergosterol and inhibiting cell wall synthesis in fungi), it is used in Japan (generally as the corresponding hydrochloride salt) as an antifungal drug for the treatment of superficial skin infections.


Purpurin

A trihydroxyanthraquinone derived from anthracene by substitution with oxo groups at C-9 and C-10 and with hydroxy groups at C-1, C-2 and C-4.


Dioxinodehydroeckol

A phlorotannin that is [1,4]benzodioxino[2,3-a]oxanthrene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6, 9 and 11. Isolated from the brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera, it exhibits radical scavenging activity.


Isosakuranetin

A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).


A  methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 2.


Irilone

A hydroxyisoflavone that is 6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4'.


Sodium Bisulfite

An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.


Prunetin

A hydroxyisoflavone that is  genistein  in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group.


Orotic acid

A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.


Nabumetone

A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.


Herbacetin

A pentahydroxyflavone that is kaempferol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. It is a natural flavonoid from flaxseed which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.


PARAFORMALDEHYDE

A macromolecule composed of repeating methyleneoxy units arising from polymerisation of formaldehyde.


Trichloroacetic Acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.


Silicristin

A flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase.


Gibberellic acid

A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants.  Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.


Any aldopentose where the open-chain form has all the hydroxy groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. Occurrs in two enantiomeric forms, D- and L-ribose, of which only the former is found in nature.


TIGECYCLINE

Tetracycline in which the hydroxy group at position 5 and the methyl group at position 6 are replaced by hydrogen, and with a dimethylamino substituent and an (N-tert-butylglycyl)amino substituent at positions 7 and 9, respectively. A glycylcycline antibiotic, it has activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including tetracycline-resistant organisms. It is used for the intravenous treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible organisms.


A L-valine derivative that is 3-methyl-L-valine in which carboxy OH group is replaced by a methylnitrilo group and the one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2R)-2-{(1S)-1-[formyl(hydroxy)amino]ethyl}-5-phenylpentanoyl group. It is a potent MMP9 and ADAM10 metalloprotease inhibitor with IC50 of 2.5 and 5.3 nM, respectively.


7-Aminocephalosporanic acid

The  alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is the active nucleus for the synthesis of cephalosporins and intermediates.


Amb a I protein, Ambrosia artemisiifolia


Glutaraldehyde

A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.


Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen p 1


Acriflavine

A mixture comprising 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride (usually 60-70%) and 3,6-diaminoacridine monohydrochloride (usually 40-30%).


Monotropein

An iridoid monoterpenoid that is 1,4a,7,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 1, a carboxylic acid group at position 4, and at position 7 by a hydroxy and hydroxymethyl groups respectively (the 1S,4aS,7R,7aS diastereomer).


Linagliptin

A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.


Divinyl sulfone

A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.


Omacetaxine mepesuccinate

A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.


Methyl ferulate

A cinnamate ester that is the methyl ester of ferulic acid. It has been isolated from Pisonia aculeata.


A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.


Neobavaisoflavone

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone with an additonal hydroxy group at position 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, it exhibits inhibitory activity against DNA polymerase and platelet aggregation.


sialic acid

Any of the N-acylneuraminic acids and their esters and other derivatives of the alcoholic hydroxy groups.


manganese tetrakis-(N-methyl-2 pyridyl) porphyrin


Linoleylanilide

A fatty amide conjugate of linoleic acid and aniline.


Arjunolic acid

A  pentacyclic triterpenoid that is  olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.


Suramin

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.


Diosmin

A disaccharide derivative that consists of  diosmetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


Dimboa

A lactol that is DIBOA in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the maize plants.


antioxidant

A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.


Cyclizine

An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.


manganese tetrakis-(N-ethyl-2 pyridyl) porphyrin


Ospemifene

An organochlorine compound that is a selective estrogen receptor modulator; used for treatment of dyspareunia.


Loganin

An  iridoid monoterpenoid with formula C17H26O10 that is isolated from several plant species and exhibits neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.


alpha-Hydroxylinoleic acid

A 2-hydroxy fatty acid derived from linoleic acid.


Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer


Triclopyr

A monocarboxylic acid that is (pyridin-2-yloxy)acetic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3, 5 and 6. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide.


Chromium(3+) trichloride hexahydrate

The hexahydrate of chromium(3+) trichloride.


Methyl carbamate

A carbamate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of carbamic acid with methanol.


Palmitoleoyl Ethanolamide

An N-acylethanolamine 16:1 that is the ethanolamide of palmitoleic acid.


Aprepitant

A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.


Trilobatin

An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is phloretin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from the leaves of the Chinese sweet tea Lithocarpus polystachyus and exhibits significant anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.


isoquinolines

A class of organic heteropolycyclic compound consisting of isoquinoline and its substitution derivatives.


A nitroalkane that is propane substituted at C-1 by a nitro group.


2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.


Homoeriodictyol

A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7.


Zingerone

A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.


Dimethyl Fumarate

An enoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of fumaric acid with methanol. Used for treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.


Oxaprozin

A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is  non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.


Phloroglucinol

A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.


A fluorotelomer alcohol that is ethanol substituted at position 2 by a perfluorooctyl group.


Milrinone

A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2-pyridone which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 6 by cyano, pyrid-4-yl, and methyl groups, respectively. It is used (particularly intravenously, as the lactate) for the short-term management of severe heart failure.


Sodium tungstate

An inorganic sodium salt having tungstate as the counterion. Combines with hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones.


Kaletra

A mixture containing lopinavir and ritonavir. It is a prescription medicine that is used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in adults and children 14 days of age and older.


A derivative of benzoquinone carrying a 5-methyl substituent; and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. The core structure of the ubiquinone group of compounds.


Pyridone 6

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,6-dihydrobenzo[h]imidazo[4,5-f]isoquinolin-7-one bearing additional tert-butyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2 and 9 respectively.


Phosalone

A member of the class of  1,3-benzoxazoles carrying a [(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the nitrogen atom, an oxo group at position 2 and a chloro group at position 6. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide.


Eriocitrin

A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.


Selumetinib

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positions 4, 5, and 6 by fluorine, (4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)amino, and N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)aminocarbonyl groups, respectively. It is a MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor.


Caryophyllene

A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.


Calcium Carbonate

A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.


inorganic molecular entity

A molecular entity that contains no carbon.


Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate

A benzoate ester that is the ethyl ester of 3-aminobenzoic acid. Used (in the form of its methanesulfonate salt) as an anaesthetic for fish.


Insulin Human

An insulin that is produced in the pancreas and involved in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fats. Commonly thought of as a protein, it consists of two peptide chains, one containing 21 amino acid residues and the other containing 30; the chains are joined together by 2 disulfide bonds. Recombinant insulin is identical to human insulin, but is synthesised by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, which then produces insulin for human use. It is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes.


Bictegravir

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1.


Tianeptine

A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.


Interferon a2 (human leukocyte clone pM21 protein moiety reduced)


Concanamycin a

A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group.


Cleocin

A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the  semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.


Fluprostenol

An organofluorine compound that is racemic prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of its isopropyl ester prodrug, travoprost, are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. The isopropyl ester group of travoprost is hydrolysed to the biologically active free acid by esterases in the cornea.


Glyceryl Trioleate

A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.


Deferiprone

A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.


3-Hydroxypicolinic acid

A monohydroxypyridine that is picolinic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of oligonucleotides.


Fumagillin

A meroterpenoid resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of fumagillol with the carboxylic acid group of (all-E)-deca-2,4,6,8-tetraenedioic acid. Originally isolated from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, it is used for the control of Nosema infection in honey bees.


Tetrahydrocurcumin

A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which both of the double bonds have been reduced to single bonds.


eugenol, zinc oxide dental cavity lining


Picolinic acid

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.


Saroglitazar

A monocarboxylic acid that is (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens of the p-ethoxy substituent has been replaced by the nitrogen of 2-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole. An agonist at the subtypes alpha and gamma of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with predominant PPARalpha activity, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.


Montmorillonite

An aluminosilicate mineral consisting mostly of montmorillonite. The different types of bentonite (aluminium bentonite; calcium bentonite; potassium bentonite; sodium bentonite) are named after their dominant element.


Glucosamine 6-sulfate

A 6-O-sulfo-D-glucosamine in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


Nitrogen

An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms.


Plerixafor

An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.


Tiagabine

A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.


Lavoltidine

A triazole that consists of 1,2,4-triazole bearing a methyl substituent at position 1, a hydroxymethyl substituent at position 3 and a {3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl}amino group at position 5. A highly potent and selective H2-receptor antagonist.


Ammonium Acetate

An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.


Tamarixetin

A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4'. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae.


Zolmitriptan

A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.


Costunolide

A germacranolide with anthelminthic, antiparasitic and antiviral activities.


A 2-keto-xylose having D-threo configuration; a degradation product of D-ascorbic acid.


Pentagalloylglucose

A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.


Myricitrin

A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity.


Icosapent ethyl

A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.


Trilinolein

A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linoleic acid.


A C-nucleoside analog that is (2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile substituted by a 4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl group at position 2. It is the active metabolite of remdesivir and exhibits a broad range of inhibitory activity against various RNA viruses including HCV, parainfluenza and SARS-CoV.


gamma-Tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.


Cobalt sulfate

A compound of cobalt and sulfate in which the ratio of cobalt (+2 oxidation state) to sulfate is 1:1.


Cilnidipine

A diesterified 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium channel blocker, it is used as an antihypertensive.


Chloroacetic acid

A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.


Theanine

A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.


Nafcillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.


Dutasteride

An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.


EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor

An EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.30).


Vitexin

An apigenin flavone glycoside, which is found in the passion flower, bamboo leaves and pearl millet


Tephrosin

A member of the class of rotenones that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted with geminal methyl groups at position 3, hydroxy group at position 7a and methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10 (the 7aR,13aR stereoisomer). It is isolated from the leaves and twigs of Antheroporum pierrei and exhibits antineoplastic and pesticidal activities.


Daidzin

A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is  daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).


Glycitin

A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4' and a  beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7.


Hexaflumuron

An N-acylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hycrogen attached to the other nitorgen is replaced by a 3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl group.


A tertiary amine that is adenine substituted at N-6 by geminal methyl groups.


Fenpropimorph

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenpropimorph. It is a systemic fungicide, used to control a variety of fungal diseases in cereal crops.


Dazomet

A dithiocarbamic ester that is 1,3,5-thiadiazinane with a thione moiety at position 2 and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A fungicide, herbicide and nematicide, it is used prior to sowing or planting for the control of soil fungi, nematodes, bacteria and germinating weeds, and as fumigant for poultry litter and eggs to control Salmonella. It is a non-ozone-depleting alternative to methyl bromide.


Diethyl sulfate

The diethyl ester of sulfuric acid.


Esmolol

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.


1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester


Chromium Trioxide

A chromium oxide composed of a single chromium bound (oxidation state +6) to three oxygens; the acidic anhydride of chromic acid.


Dioleoylphosphatidic acid

A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.


Chlozolinate

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-chlozolinate. An obsolete fungicide, formerly used as a foliar spray against Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.


An aromatic amino-acid zwitterion arising from deprotonation of the carboxy and 3-hydroxy groups asell as protonation of the amino group of the cationic 3-(3,4-dihydroxypyridinium-1-yl)-L-alanine; major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).


Acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal

A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.


Desmopressin

A synthetic analogue of vasopressin in which 3-mercaptopropionic acid replaces the cysteine residue at position 1 and D-arginine replaces the residue at position 8. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used (usually as the trihydrate of the acetic acid salt) to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function.


Flavylium

A member of the class of chromenyliums that is chromenylium with a phenyl substituent at position 2.


Decane

A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.


A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by pyridin-4-yl and {[(3R)-1-(2-oxo-2-{4-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 (IC50 = 4 and 1 nM, respectively) that exhibits anti-cancer properties.


Ginsenoside Rg3

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


carbohydrate

Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.


Isolariciresinol, (+)-

A lignan that is  5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol substituted by hydroxymethyl groups at positions 6 and 7, a methoxy group at position 3 and a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 8. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.


Invokana

A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.


A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.


Potassium tellurite

A potassium salt consisting of potassium and tellurite ions in a 2:1 ratio.


Dapagliflozin

A C-glycosyl comprising beta-D-glucose in which the anomeric hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl group. Used (in the formo f its propanediol monohydrate) to improve glycemic control, along with diet and exercise, in adults with type 2 diabetes.


Tadalafil

A pyrazinopyridoindole that is 2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydropyrazino[1',2':1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group (the 6R,12aR-diastereomer). A phosphodiesterase V inhibitor inhibitor, currently marketed in pill form for treating erectile dysfunction under the name Cialis; and under the name Adcirca for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


Sodium selenide

An inorganic sodium salt having selenide as the counterion.


Ilomastat

An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor


Amarogentin

A secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a  2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage.


A hexapeptide consisting of L-tyrosine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-proline and  L-isoleucine amino acid residues coupled in sequence and in which the amino group of the L-tyrosyl residue is substituted by a (pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)nitrilo group and in which the L-lysyl side chain amino group is substituted by a {N(2)-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-arginyl}nitrilo group. It is a potent angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2 receptor) agonist.


Nitisinone

A cyclohexanone that is cyclohexane-1,3-dione substituted at position 2 by a 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl group. It is used in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1.


EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor

An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the function of histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98).


Fluorene

An ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon that is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives


dopaminergic antagonist

A drug that binds to but does not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists.


Fluocinolone acetonide

A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.


Chloranil

A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.


Dabigatran

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug  dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.


dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin conjugate


Prometryn

A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methylsulfanediyl group at position 6.


A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.


Dihydromyricetin

An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.


(Alginate)n

A linear copolymer macromolecule composed of homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked beta-D-mannuronic acid and alpha-L-guluronic acid residues, covalently linked together in different sequences or blocks.


Diethyl Ether

An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.


LAPACHOL

A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.


Methyl 4-methoxycinnamate

An alkyl cinnamate obtained by the formal condensation of carboxy group of 4-methoxycinnamic acid with methanol.


Cisatracurium

A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion  consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.  The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.


Canthaxanthin

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.


Dinoseb

A  racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dinoseb.


Chinomethionat

A dithioloquinoxaline that results from the formal condensation of 6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-dithiol with phosgene. It has been used as a fungicide and acaricide for the control of mites and powdery mildew on citrus, vegetables, and walnuts, but is not approved for use in the EU.


Xanthone

The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.


CPI-0610 anhydrous

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4H-[1,2]oxazolo[5,4-d][2]benzazepine substituted by methyl, 2-amino-2-oxoethyl, and 4-chlorophenyl groups at positions 1, 4S and 6, respectively. It is a small molecule inhibitor of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins and exhibits antineoplastic activity.


A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 8 are replaced by hydroxy groups.


Marinobufagenin

A cardiotonic steroid secreted by the toad Bufo rubescens and other related species such as Bufo marinus. An endogenous Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, it is a vasoconstrictor with effects similar to digitalis.


Iodobenzene substituted at C-2 and -4 with nitro groups.


Thiophene

Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.


L-(-)-Sorbose

A ketohexose often involved in the commercial production of vitamin C. It has been found to occur naturally in grapes.


Cefadroxil monohydrate

The hydrate that is the monohydrate of the cephalosporin cefadroxil.


Astringin

A stilbenoid that is piceatannol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


Bambuterol

A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.


Filipin III

A macrolide that is the major component of a mixture of four isomeric polyene macrolides isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis.


alpha-Hederin

A triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus.


alpha-Methyltryptamine

A tryptamine derivative having a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.


Diflorasone

The 16beta-analogue of flumethasone. It is used as the 17,21-diacetate as a topical anti-inflammatory and antipruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders.


Liraglutide

A lipopeptide that is an analogue of human GLP-1 in which the lysine residue at position 27 is replaced by arginine and a hexadecanoyl group attached to the remaining lysine via a glutamic acid spacer. Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


tetracyclines

A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.


Quercetagetin

A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.


Bryostatin 1

A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.


Trierixin

A 21-membered macrocycle isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp.AC654. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.


depsipeptide

A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.


Triptorelin

An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-tryptophyl, leucyl, arginyl, prolyl and glycinamide residues joined in sequence. It is an agonist analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.


Dibenzofuran

A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.


An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of L-lysine; major species at pH 7.3.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.


poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)

A poly(ethylene glycol) compound terminated with methacrylate groups.


Kahweol

A diterpenoid with formula C20H26O3, isolated from the beans of Coffea arabica. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis and anti-proliferative properties.


A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.


1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanamine, N,N'-bis((2-chlorophenyl)methyl)-, dihydrochloride, trans-


beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid

A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.


Sodium Metabisulfite

An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.


O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol

A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.


Etazolate

A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.


Flumequine

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.


Rocaglamide

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8b, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 8, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at position 3a, a phenyl group at position 3 and a N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group at position 1. Isolated from Aglaia odorata and Aglaia duperreana, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


Saxagliptin hydrate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of anhydrous saxagliptin. Used for the treatment of Type II diabetes.


Bosutinib

An aminoquinoline that is 4-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino]-7-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy]quinoline bearing additional cyano and methoxy substituents at positions 3 and 6 respectively.


3-Hydroxybenzoic acid

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Taxus baccata. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticisers, resins, pharmaceuticals, etc.


2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid monocyclohexyl ester


Phosphoric acid, 2-methylphenyl diphenyl ester


Borane

The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.


alpha-Tocopheryloxyacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol in which the hydroxy group at position 6 is replaced by a carboxymethoxy group. It is a nonhydrolyzable ether analog of vitamin E that exhibits anticancer properties.


A member of the class of thiocyanates that is 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by the sulfur of a cyanosulfanediyl (-SC#N) group. It has been found to induce the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, BiP, a highly conserved member of the 70 kDa heat shock protein family) leading to an attenuation of the unfolded protein response. It protects neuronal cells and retinal cells from endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress induced cell death.


Corynoline

A benzophenanthridine alkaloid that is chelidonine substituted by a methyl group at position 13. Isolated from the aerial parts of Corydalis incisa, it acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and also exhibits antineoplastic and hepatoprotective activity.


A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside in which the nucleobase component is specified as adenine.


3-Mercaptopropionic acid

A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.


Asiatic Acid

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane substituted by a carboxy group at position 28 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Vateria indica and exhibits anti-angiogenic activity.


Perillaldehyde

An aldehyde that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde substituted by a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.


Nevadensin

A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 8 and 4' and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 respectively.


lipoarabinomannan

A glycolipid comprising a glycosylphosphatidyl-myo-inositol-anchored lipoglycan; a virulence factor associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


Protio

The stable isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 1.007825 and a natural abundance of 99.9885 atom percent (from Greek pirhoomegatauomicronsigma, first).


Norwogonin

A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -7 and -8.


Goralatide

A tetrapeptide that is Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro in which the N-terminal amino group carries an acetyl group. It is selective inhibitor of primitive haematopoietic cell proliferation and exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic properties.


Erucic Acid

A docosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at C-13. It is found particularly in brassicas - it is a major component of mustard and rapeseed oils and is produced by broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, and wallflowers.


An aryl thiol that is thiophenol substituted at position 2 by an amino group.


beta-EUDESMOL

A carbobicyclic compound that is trans-decalin substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 by 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, methyl and methylidene groups, respectively (the 2R,4aR,8aS-diastereoisomer).


Propachlor

An anilide that consists of 2-chloroacetanilide bearing an N-isopropyl substituent.


Proferrin

An iron oxide of nanoparticulate size and poor crystallinity. It is a mineral commonly found in soil and freshwater environments and forms a core structural component in the Fe-buffering ferritin protein. It is also used in the sequestration of heavy element contaminants, and is a precursor of haematite and goethite.


Arginine

An L-alpha-amino acid that is the L-isomer of arginine.


Indole-3-butyric acid

A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.


5H-Indeno(1,2-C)isoquinoline-9-sulfonamide, 6,11-dihydro-N-(3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl)-5-oxo-, methanesulfonate (1:1)


A diamine in which the two amino groups are substituted into toluene at the 2- and 5-positions.


Deferasirox

A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.


1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone (9CI)

A vinyl polymer composed of repeating -CH2-CR- units where R is a 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group.


3-bromoacetylamino benzoic acid ethyl ester


Jaceosidin

A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone with hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and methoxy groups at positions 3' and 6. Isolated from Salvia tomentosa and Artemisia asiatica, it exhibits anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis inducing activties.


Harman

An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.


Hycanthone

A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.


A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). An experimental compound which was being developed for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.


Altenusin

A carboxybiphenyl that is [biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 3, 4' and 5', methoxy group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 2'. It is a a metabolite isolated from Alternaria  and several other fungal species.


Motixafortide

A heterodetic cyclic peptide that has antineoplastic activity. It is a CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.8 nM and is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of hematological malignancies, solid tumors, and stem cell mobilization. It was granted orphan drug designation by the FDA for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in 2019.


fluorocarbon

Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.


peptide nucleic acid

Nucleic acids where the sugar-phosphate backbone has been replaced by a neutral polyamide backbone such as N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine units.


cudratricusxanthone A

A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 6 and 8, an isoprenyl group at position 1 and a 2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl group at position 5. It is isolated from the root barks of Cudrania tricuspidata and exhibits cytotoxicity towards human cancer cell lines.


A member of the class of maleimides carrying 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino and 2-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


Lasofoxifene

A member of the class of tetralins that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 6 are replaced by 4-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl and phenyl groups, respectively (the 5R,6S-stereoisomer). It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator indicated for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.


Cannabidiolic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group.


Epothilone A

An epithilone that is epothilone C in which the double bond in the macrocyclic lactone ring has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the 13R,14S diastereoisomer).


2-Hydroxyoleic acid

A 2-hydroxy fatty acid that is  oleic acid  which carries a hydroxy group at position 2. It is an orally bioavailable synthetic hydroxylated fatty acid which modulates the lipid content of cancer cell membranes and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several cancer cell lines.


A member of the class of benzofurans consisting of a 1-benzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


Metanil yellow

An organic sodium salt having 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used in one variant of Masson's trichrome to stain collagen yellow in contrast to the red muscle, but is not in common used.


A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by an amino group at position 2, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 6, and by a (tert-butylcarbamoyl)nitrilo group at position 7. It is a selective ATP competitive inhibitor of the human fibroblast growth factor-1 receptor (FGFR1) tyrosine kinase with an IC50 of 52.4 nM.


Metolazone

A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.


Plaunotol

A diterpenoid that is geranylgeraniol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 18.


A primary amino compound that is p-phenylenediamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group. It is a cosmetic hair dye intermediate that is used in permanent hair colouring products (diluted 1:1 with an oxidising agent prior to application).


Thallium(I) acetate

An acetate salt comprising equal numbers of acetate and thallium ions.


Anthraquinone

An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.


Quinazoline

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


Goitrin

A 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has S-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis.


Ageladine A

An imidazopyridine that is 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-amine substituted by a 4,5-dibromo-1H-pyrrol-2-yl group at position 4. It is an alkaloid isolated from a marine sponge Agelas nakamurai and acts as an inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinases, the key enzymes involved in tumour growth, migration, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis.


Stachydrine

An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.


Fominoben

Any compound containing morpholine as part of its structure.


Digitoxigenin

A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22).


Maculosin

A  homodetic cyclic peptide that is a dipeptide composed of L-proline and L-tyrosine joined by peptide linkages.


Cefoxitin

A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.


Tectoridin

A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is  tectorigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


Linezolid

An organofluorine compound that consists of 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one bearing an N-3-fluoro-4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl group as well as an acetamidomethyl group at position 5. A synthetic antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to a site on 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit and prevents further formation of a functional 70S initiation complex.


A C-nitro compound in which the nitro group is attached at C-4 of m-cresol.


(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5-yl)-ethyl methyl carbamate


Asperuloside

A iridoid monoterpenoid glycoside isolated from Galium verum.


gamma-Valerolactone

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 5. It has been found in the urine samples of humans exposed to n-hexane.


Procyanidin B3

A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (+)-catechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in alpha-configuration. It can be found in red wine, in barley, in beer, in peach or in Jatropha macrantha, the Huanarpo Macho.


A member of the class of pryrazoles that is 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid in which the primary amino group has been acylated by a 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl group and in which the carboxylic acid has been converted into a carboxamide by formal condensation with the primary amino group of 4-aminopiperidine.


Diatrizoic acid

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.


N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine

A substituted spermine that is spermine in which a hydrogen attached to each of the primary amino groups has been replaced by an ethyl group.


Fluazifop-butyl

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol.


EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor

An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4).


Dehydrocostus lactone, (-)-

An organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone.


A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.


Carboxy-ptio

A mmeber of the class of imidazolines and organic radical that is 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-3lambda(5)-imidazol-1-yl]oxidanyl substituted at position 2 by a 4-carboxyphenyl group.


Oligomycin A

An oligomycin with formula C45H74011. An inhibitor of mitochondrial F1FO ATP synthase that induces apoptosis in a variety of cell types and exhibits antifungal, antitumour, and nematicidal activities, but its clinical application has been limited by poor solubility in water and other biocompatible solvents.


Sesamin

A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


Sodium propionate

An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.


Ioxitalamic acid

An  organoiodine compound that is 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3 and a (2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl group at position 5. It is used as a contrast medium.


LCL161 is a small molecule inhibitor of IAPs that has potent antitumour activity in a range of solid tumours. In HCC, response to LCL161 therapy has shown to be mediated by Bcl-2 expression.


Tungstate

A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from tungstic acid.


Barium(2+) dichloride

The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.


Piperidine

An azacycloalkane that is cyclohexane in which one of the carbons is replaced by a nitrogen. It is a metabolite of cadaverine, a polyamine found in the human intestine.


Lasalocid

A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.


A (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 1, 2 and 5 have S-, S- and R-configuration respectively.


kaempferol 7-O-glucoside

A kaempferol O-glucoside that is  kaempferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


Tubastatin A

A pyridoindole that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole which is substituted on the tetrahydropyridine nitrogen by a methyl group and on the indole nitrogen by a p-[N-(hydroxy)aminocarbonyl]benzyl group. It is a histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor that is selective against all the other isozymes (1000-fold) except HDAC8 (57-fold).


Augmentin

A mixture composed of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate; a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The potassium clavulanate component is particularly active against the clinically important plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases frequently responsible for transferred drug resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins.


alkaloid

Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is  exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.


4,6-Dioxoheptanoic acid

A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia.


Gallein

A xanthene dye that is fluoran carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 3', 4', 5' and 6'.


Orientin

A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.


Fondaparinux

A synthetic pentasaccharide which, apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, consists of monomeric sugar units which are identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate.


Cephaeline

A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions.


Cabazitaxel

A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 10-deacetylbaccatin III having O-methyl groups attached at positions 7 and 10 as well as an O-(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl group attached at position 13. Acts as a microtubule inhibitor, binds tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly and simultaneously inhibits disassembly.


Trifolin

A beta-D-galactoside compound with a 4',5,7-trihydroxychromen-3-yl group at the anomeric position.


Edifenphos

An organic thiophosphate that is the O-ethyl-S,S-diphenyl ester of phosphorodithioic acid.  Used to control a variety of fungal diseases on rice including blast, ear blight and stem rot. Edifenphos is moderately toxic to mammals and fish but poses more of a risk to aquatic invertebrates.


Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol. It is the anti-oxidative component of peanut seed testa.


Fastigenin

A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7 and 3' and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' respectively.


Ixazomib

A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.


An alkanethiol that is the N-3-aminopropyl derivative of cysteamine. Used as the S-phosphorylated prodrug, amifostine, for cytoprotection in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


Tributyrin

A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.


Pyrithiamine bromide

A pyridinium salt that is 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium having bromide as the counterion.


Poncirin

A  flavanone glycoside that is  4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone attached to a neohesperidose (alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranose) residue via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata and exhibits inhibitory activity against liopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production.


delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid

A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant.


An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.


An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.


3,5-Diiodothyropropionic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. An ionotropic analogue of L-thyroxine.


Ibufenac

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.


An organobromine compound that is bromobenzene substituted at C-2 and -4 with nitro groups.


Swainsonine

An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.


Tolazamide

An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.


Idazoxan

A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.


Cholesterol sulfate

A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.


Loxoprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.


Tannic Acid

Any of a group of astringent polyphenolic vegetable principles or compounds, chiefly complex glucosides of catechol and pyrogallol.


Tectorigenin

A methoxyisoflavone that is  isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' respectively.


Phthalic anhydride

The cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the anhydride of phthalic acid.


A dicarboximide having an endo bridged phthalimide structure, substituted at nitrogen by a 4-(quinolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)benzoyl group.


Tricetin

Flavone hydroxylated at positions 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7.


JTE 607 dihydrochloride

The dihydrochloride salt of JTE-607. It is a cytokine inhibitor which suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). It acts as a pro-drug which is cleaved by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to its active free acid form, which then binds to cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 3 (CPSF3).


Valpromide

A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.


Trifloxystrobin

The methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino)[2-({[(E)-{1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino]oxy}methyl)phenyl]acetic acid. A foliar applied fungicide for cereals which is particularly active against Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Oomycetes


3-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene-27,28-dioic acid dimethyl ester


Benzyl cinnamate

The cinnamate ester derived from cinnamic acid and benzyl alcohol. Occuring in Balsam of Peru and Tolu balsam, in Sumatra and Penang benzoin, and as the main constituent of copaiba balsam, it is used in heavy oriental perfumes, as a fixative and as a flavouring agent.


MINOXIDIL

A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.


oxime

Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.


Diatrizoate meglumine

The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.


Cobalt(II) acetate

A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is acetate.


Emetine

A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.


beta-Asarone

The cis-isomer of asarone.


2-Methoxybenzoic acid

A  methoxybenzoic acid that is the methyl ether of salicylic acid.


Glycolipids

Any member of class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar part acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol part may be absent.


Gatifloxacin

A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.


Pyrazophos

A member of the class of pyrazolopyrimidines that is the ethyl ester of 2-[(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy]-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid. A profungicide (by hydrolysis of the thionophosphate group to afford the corresponding 2-hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine fungicide), it is used to control Erysiphe, Helminthosporium and Rhynchospium in cereals.


A dibromophenol that is phenol in which both of the hydrogens that are ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group have been replaced by bromines.


Glucaric acid

The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.


Propylene Glycol

The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.


Tricin

The 3',5'-di-O-methyl ether of tricetin.  Known commonly as tricin, it is a constituent of rice bran and has been found to potently inhibit colon cancer cell growth.


A trihydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin prenylated at C-6.


Momelotinib

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{2-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzoic acid with the primary amino group of aminoacetonitrile. It is an ATP-competitive JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 11 nM and 18 nM, respectively. Used for the treatment of patients with intermediate- or high-risk myelofibrosis.


Bisphenol A dimethacrylate

A bisphenol that is bisphenol A condensed with two molecules of methacrylic acid.


Triacetin

A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.


A member of the class of imidazoles carrying tert-butyl, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl and 6-methylpyridin-2-yl substituents at positions 2, 4 and 5 respectively.


Cesium chloride

The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.


Ginsenoside Rh2

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


Imidazole

An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.


Thiosalicylic acid

A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.


A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine substituted by a 3-oxo-3-(pyridin-4-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 3. An inhibitor of PFKFB3 kinase, an enzyme with a key role in glycolysis.


Undecanal

A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxylic acid group of undecanoic acid. It is a component of essential oils from citrus plants like Citrus reticulata.


Yttrium(III) chloride

The inorganic chloride salt of yttrium(III)


beta-Tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts.


2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is  benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.


Picloram

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.


Shikimic acid

A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.


A member of the juvenile hormone family of compounds that is the methyl ester of (2E,6E)-9-[(2R)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]-3,7-dimethylnona-2,6-dienoic acid. Juvenile hormone III is found in most insect species.


Trioxsalen

7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.


Alantolactone

A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3.


Spiroxamine

The spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone with 3-[ethyl(propyl)amino]propane-1,2-diol. An inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis, it is a broad spectrum agricultural fungicide used particularly against powdery mildew in the production of cereals, bananas and grapes.


Ochratoxin B

A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid. Ochratoxin B differs from the more naturally abundant ochratoxin A in the absence of the dihydroisocoumarin chlorine atom. It has cytotoxic effects on kidney and liver cells in vitro but only minor effects in vivo, due to its rapid metabolism and excretion.  It inhibits cell proliferation of human liver HepG2 cells at doses as low as 1 mug/ ml but lacks the genotoxic activity of ochratoxin A, even at higher concentrations.


A member of the class of  benzamides  that is a carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(cis-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid with the amino substituent of 5-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-amine. It is an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).


Isoxazole

A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of  isoxazoles.


alkane

An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms.


Methyl farnesoate

A member of the juvenile hormone family of compounds that is the methyl ester of farnesoic acid. Found in several species of crustaceans.


Bromoethane

A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses.


A macrolide that is the 7-oxo derivative of zeaenol (the 5Z stereoisomer). Isolated from Fungi, it exhibits cytotoxic, antibacterial and inhibitory activity against NF-kappaB.


Tiazofurin

A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).


Derp2 allergen, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus


Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.


Methyl Isocyanate

The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent.


A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the 1-amino group of minocycline. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).


flavouring agent

A food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food.


Ginsenoside RG2

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


Danshensu

A (2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (R)-lactic acid substituted at position 3 by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group.


Dichloroacetyl chloride

The acyl chloride obtained by displacement of the hydroxy group of dichloroacetic acid by chloride.


lactone

Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


alpha helical corticotropin-releasing hormone


Rubitecan

A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.


Alexidine

An amphipathic bisbiguanide with a structure consisting of two (2-ethylhexyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.


Pyridoxal phosphate gamma-glutamyl hydrazone


N-Oxalylglycine

An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.


A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.


Fangchinoline

A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is (1beta)- berbaman which has been substituted by methyl groups at the 2 and 2' positions, by methoxy groups at the 6, 6', and 12 positions, and by a hydroxy group at position 7. Isolated from Stephania tetrandra, it has been found to possess neuroprotective and anti-tumour activity.


Sophoranone

A dihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 3' and 5' respectively.


Astilbin

A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


gamma-Glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the gamma-carboxy group of glutamic acid with the amino group of Se-methylselenocysteine.


Lycorine

An  indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it  has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.


Mollugin

A benzochromene that is 2H-benzo[h]chromene which is substituted by two methyl groups at position 2, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a hydroxy group at position 6. Found in the Chinese medical plant Rubia cordifola, It has an anti-cancer effect by inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation. It is also a dual inhibitor of  acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2), but is more selective for the ACAT2 isozyme.


An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of naphthalene.


demethoxyfumitremorgin C

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid, consisting of fumitremorgin C lacking the 9-methoxy substituent.


Enasidenib

A 1,3,5-triazine which is substituted by (2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)nitrilo, 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl and [2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]nitrilo groups at positions 2,4 and 6, respectively. It is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) inhibitor which has been approved for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).


B/B Homodimerizer

A tertiary amino compound that is 2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine in which the primary ammino groups have each been acylated by condensation with the carboxy group of 2-{3-[(1R)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxypropyl]phenoxy}acetic acid, the hydroxy groups of which have been esterified by condensation with the carboxy group of L-pipecolic acid, the nitrogen of which has been acylated by condensation with (2S)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)butyric acid. It is a synthetic, cell-permeable ligand that can be used to induce homodimerization of fusion proteins containing the DmrB domain.


Cyanidin

An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.


Sappanchalcone

A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 4' and a methoxy group at position 2'. Isolated from Caesalpinia sappan, it exhibits neuroprotective and cytoprotective activity.


Auramine O

A hydrochloride obtained by combining 4,4'-carbonimidoylbis(N,N-dimethylaniline) with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A fluorescent stain for demonstrating acid fast organisms in a method similar to the Ziehl Neelsen. It also can be used to make a fluorescent Schiff reagent.


Natamycin

A macrolide antibiotic that has formula C33H47NO13, produced by several Streptomyces species including Streptomyces natalensis. It exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and used in eye drops, and as a food preservative, and also as a postharvest biofungicide for citrus and other fruit crops.


MARAVIROC

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the primary amino group of (1S)-3-[(3-exo)-3-(3-isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-1-phenylpropylamine. An antiretroviral drug, it prevents the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 and chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) necessary for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 to enter cells.


antihypertensive agent

Any drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism.


Propham

A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of phenylcarbamic acid. It is a selective herbicide used for the control of annual grasses and some broad-leaf weeds and is also a growth regulator for control of sprouting in stored potatoes.


Primidone

A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an  anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.


Suvorexant

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia.


Varespladib methyl

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of varespladib with methanol. It is a potential therapy for the treatment of snakebite envenomings in which toxicity depends on the action of PLA2s.


Disodium hexachloroplatinate

An inorganic sodium salt comprising separate sodium cations and octahedral [PtCl6](2-)  anions.


Chromone

The simplest member of the class of chromones that is 4H-chromene with an oxo group at position 4.


alpha-Ergocryptine

Ergotaman bearing hydroxy, isopropyl, and 2-methylpropyl groups at the 12', 2' and 5' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. Ergocryptine discussed in the literature prior to 1967, when beta-ergocryptine was separated from alpha-ergocryptine, is now referred to as alpha-ergocryptine.


Prilocaine

An  amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.


HT-2 Toxin

A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin.


Ethion

An organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7).


An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups.


3,5-dibromo-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


protein-bound polysaccharide K, Basidiomycetes


Kombetin

A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, RS-, RSe-, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively.


A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is an mTOR inhibitor and shows anti-tumour properties.


Clenbuterol

A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.


Alsterpaullone

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole.


S-Methylthiocitrulline

An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.


beta-Cyclocitral

A monoterpenoid formally derived from citral by cyclisation. It is a volatile compound produced by a cyanobacteria.


Ferruginol

An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 12.


pateamine A

A marine macrodiolide that is isolated from the sponge Mycale hentscheli and exhibits anticancer and antiviral properties


Benzoxazole

A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.


A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity.


A member of the class of imidazopyridines that is 4-(1-ethylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol carrying additional 2-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl and [(3S)-piperidin-3-yl]methoxy substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively.


Nonaethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether

A tergitol polymer consisting of nonylbenzene with a nine-membered poly(ethylene glycol) moiety attached at position 4.


p-Tolyl isocyanate

An isocyanate comprising a benzene core with isocyanato and methyl substituents para to each other.


Harmalol

A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is hydroxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.


Eleutheroside B

A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.


A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.


Beta-Amyrin

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.


A dinitrobenzene carrying nitro groups at positions 1 and 4.


quinolone antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.


Acivicin

An L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which the methyl group is replaced by a (5S)-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl group. A glutamine analogue antimetabolite, it interferes with glutamate metabolism and  several glutamate-dependent synthetic enzymes. It is obtained as a fermentation product of Streptomyces sviceus bacteria.


1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid

A naphthoic acid with the carboxy group at position 2 and carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It is a  xenobiotic metabolite produced by the biodegradation of phenanthrene by microorganisms.


Sinefungin

An adenosine that is the the delta-(5'-adenosyl) derivative of ornithine.


Methyl L-leucinate

The methyl ester of L-leucine.


Biperiden

A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.


Benzoic acid, 4-(2-(5,6-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-8-phenyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl)-, (E)-

A member of the class of dihydronaphthalenes that is 1,2-dihydronaphthalene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, 4, and 6 by methyl, methyl, phenyl, and 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)vinyl groups, respectively (the E isomer). It is a potent retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARbeta) agonist that acts as an antagonist against RARalpha and RARgamma.


Somatostatine

A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14.


Maslinic Acid

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 and a carboxy group at position 28 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Olea europaea and Salvia canariensis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antineoplastic activity.


Tridemorph

A member of the class of morpholines that is 2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a tridecyl group. The configuration at positions 2 and 6 is unknown or unspecified.


Fluoxastrobin

An oxime O-ether that is the O-methyl oxime of (2-{[6-(2-chlorophenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)(5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)methanone. A fungicide used for disease control of potatoes and a wide range of vegetables.


N-Arachidonoyl-L-Alanine

An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-alanine with the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.


Benznidazole

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which has been substituted at position 5 by a 4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl group, the nitrogen of which has been acylated by a (6-methylpyridin-2-yl)acetyl group. An orally bioavailable PERK inhibitor.


Gossypin

A glycosyloxyflavone that is  gossypetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a glycosidic linkage.