regulation of cholesterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The pentaanion of a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(6-)

Hexaanion of 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate arising from glabal deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.


thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thrombin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of cell shape

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.


positive regulation of cell growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.


negative regulation of peptidase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


execution phase of apoptosis

A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy

The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring as part of autophagy, the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


selective autophagy

The macroautophagy process in which specific structures are targeted by the autophagy process.


positive regulation of protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.


negative regulation of protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process.


parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An excitatory synapse formed by the parallel fibers of granule cells synapsing onto the dendrites of Purkinje cells.


MOT4_HUMAN Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (sprot)

A monocarboxylate transporter 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.


endochondral ossification

Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.


embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, in which the anatomical structures of a skeletal limb joint are generated and organized. A skeletal limb joint is the connecting structure between the bones of a limb.


proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


embryonic skeletal joint development

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure.


regulation of ossification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.


MLXPL_HUMAN Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (sprot)

A carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


magnesium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell.


vasodilation

An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.


angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by angiotensin II binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin

The process in which the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.


positive regulation of detection of glucose

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.


response to symbiotic bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.


negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.


amniotic fluid

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid.


An optically active form of lactate having (R)-configuration.


VKGC_HUMAN Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase (sprot)

A vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SNAP receptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.


negative regulation of insulin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.


phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


GTPase-dependent fusogenic activity

A GTPase activity that mediates the joining two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.


dense core granule

Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted.


regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 2 isoform 1 (mouse)

A regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.


fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


response to glucose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.


mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


cholesterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


regulation of fatty acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.


regulation of heart rate by chemical signal

The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


regulation of SREBP signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.


Nitric Oxide

A nitrogen oxide which is a free radical, each molecule of which consists of one nitrogen and one oxygen atom.


nitric oxide synthase, endothelial

A protein that is a translation product of the human NOS3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


leptin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body.


subcutaneous fat cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A fat cell that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue.


response to insulin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.


response to dietary excess

The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.


fat cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.


histone kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone.


positive regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.


negative regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.


regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.


G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 isoform GRK6A (mouse)

A G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


temperature homeostasis

A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.


brown fat cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of brown fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A brown fat cell is a fat cell found the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in newborns of many species.


pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery.


regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge.


endothelin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by endothelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


heart process

A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.


negative regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


cellular response to oleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.


cyanamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanamide, NCNH2, a cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.


nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform 4 (mouse)

A nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q60591-4.


krueppel-like factor 4 polyglutamylated 1 (mouse)

A krueppel-like factor 4 (mouse) that has been polyglutamylated at the position equivalent to Glu-381 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q60793. UniProtKB:Q60793, Glu-381, MOD:00207.


retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta isoform Short (mouse)

A retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P28704-2.


Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


An acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions of stearoyl-CoA.


oleoyl-CoA

An octadecenoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of oleic acid.


TECRL_HUMAN Trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase-like (sprot)

A steroid 5-alpha-reductase 2-like 2 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


TECR_HUMAN Very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase (sprot)

A very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.


regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.


3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


INSR_HUMAN Insulin receptor (sprot)

An insulin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of glucose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.


palmitoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + AH2 + O2 = palmitoleic acid (16:1delta9) + A + 2 H2O.


response to bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.


white fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid.


TORC2 complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of PKB (also called AKT). In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Avo1p, Avo2p, Tsc11p, Lst8p, Bit61p, Slm1p, Slm2p, and Tor2p.


negative regulation of TOR signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.


pro-B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed.


negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.


regulation of pro-B cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.


immature B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell.


positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


TORC1 complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of S6K. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Kog1p, Lst8p, Tco89p, and either Tor1p or Tor2p.


protein localization to lysosome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lysosome.


positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.


cell proliferation involved in kidney development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the kidney.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


positive regulation of TOR signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.


regulation of TOR signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


mitochondrial inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.


interstitial matrix

A type of extracellular matrix found in interstitial connective tissue, characterized by the presence of fibronectins, proteoglycans, and types I, III, V, VI, VII and XII collagens.


myosin complex

A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.


mitochondrial envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


intraciliary transport particle B

The larger subcomplex of the intraciliary transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights around 550 kDa.


brush border membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the brush border.


ciliary inversin compartment

Proximal part of the ciliary shaft to which the inversin protein (also called Inv) specifically localizes. The inversin compartment appears to have a different protein composition than the rest of the cilium, although there is no structure that separates it form the distal part of the cilium.


smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary.


inflammatory response to wounding

The immediate defensive reaction by vertebrate tissue to injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


response to hypoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.


dATP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).


intraciliary transport particle B binding

Binding to an intraciliary transport particle B (IFT B) complex.


negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


cell projection morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized.


glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues.


chondroitin sulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. They usually occur linked to a protein to form proteoglycans. Two subgroups exist, one in which the sulfate is on the 4-position (chondroitin sulfate A) and the second in which it is in the 6-position (chondroitin sulfate C). They often are polydisperse and often differ in the degree of sulfation from tissue to tissue. The chains of repeating disaccharide are covalently linked to the side chains of serine residues in the polypeptide backbone of a protein by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide unit galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl. Chondroitin sulfate B is more usually known as dermatan sulfate.


renal system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).


signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.


adenosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


deoxyadenosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


response to sodium phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.


response to magnesium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.


secretion of lysosomal enzymes

The controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.


negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.


response to osmotic stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.


Golgi organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.


collagen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


regulation of non-motile cilium assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.


response to salt stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of osmotic stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


organ growth

The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis

Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in nephron morphogenesis.


11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell.


fatty acid beta-oxidation

A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.


centrosome localization

Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


sphingosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.


negative regulation of gene expression via CpG island methylation

An epigenetic gene regulation mechanism that negatively regulates gene expression by methylation of cytosine residues in chromosomal CpG islands. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.


IMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate.


renal water transport

The directed movement of water (H2O) by the renal system.


cellular response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.


glucose-6-phosphate transport

The directed movement of glucose-6-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


carnitine transport

The directed movement of carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


urea transport

The directed movement of urea into, out of or within the cell. Urea is the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.


epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.


protein localization to ciliary inversin compartment

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary inversin compartment.


amino acid transmembrane transport

The process in which an amino acid is transported across a membrane.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis

Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis.


positive regulation of amino acid transport

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


iron-responsive element binding

Binding to an iron-responsive element, a regulatory sequence found in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding many iron-binding proteins.


regulation of angiotensin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving angiotensin.


carboxylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylic ester + H2O = a carboxylate + an alcohol + H(+).


progesterone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.


dermatan sulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. They are important components of ground substance or intercellular cement of skin and some connective tissues.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


globoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ceramide with a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I).


nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


inosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.


acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acetic ester + H2O = an alcohol + acetate.


glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 6-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


purine nucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in metanephros development.


metanephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.


C11B2_MOUSE Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 11B that is a translation product of the Cyp11b2 gene in mouse.


mitochondrion localization

Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


skeletal muscle fiber development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


myofibril

The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


Schwann cell

A glial cell that myelinates or ensheathes axons in the peripheral nervous system.


spinal cord motor neuron

A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


respiratory electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


glomerulus development

The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. The glomerulus is part of the nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


podocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a glomerular visceral epithelial cell.


renal albumin absorption

A renal system process in which albumin is taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron.


neuromuscular junction development, skeletal muscle fiber

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction that targets a skeletal muscle fiber.


postsynaptic density organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.


dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial isoform 2 (mouse)

A dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TORC2 signaling

A series of intracellular molecular signals mediated by TORC2; TOR (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR) in complex with at least Rictor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, and other signaling components.


response to muscle activity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.


whirlin isoform m8 (mouse)

A whirlin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q80VW5-8.


vestibular hair cell

A mechanoreceptor located in the acoustic maculae and the semicircular canals that mediates the sense of balance, movement, and head position. The vestibular hair cells are connected to accessory structures in such a way that movements of the head displace their stereocilia. This influences the membrane potential of the cells which relay information about movements via the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain stem.


stereocilium

An actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells and of neuromast cells. These protrusions are supported by a bundle of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma. Bundles of stereocilia act as mechanosensory organelles.


TRIO and F-actin-binding protein isoform m5 (mouse)

A TRIO and F-actin-binding protein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q99KW3-5.


TRIO and F-actin-binding protein isoform m4 (mouse)

A TRIO and F-actin-binding protein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q99KW3-4.


TRIO and F-actin-binding protein isoform m1 (mouse)

A TRIO and F-actin-binding protein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q99KW3-1.


stereocilia coupling link

A structure involved in coupling stereocilia to one another in sensory hair cells There are four morphologically distinct types: tip links, horizontal top connectors, shaft connectors and ankle links. Tip links and horizontal top connectors are the only inter-stereocilia links associated with mature cochlea, whereas ankle links appear during development of the auditory hair bundle.


kinocilium

A nonmotile primary cilium that is found at the apical surface of auditory receptor cells. The kinocilium is surrounded by actin-based stereocilia.


trans-Golgi network transport vesicle

A vesicle that mediates transport between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.


stereocilium base

The tapered base of the stereocilium adjacent to where it joins the hair cell body. This region contains a rootlet comprised of bundled actin filaments which spans the joint and stabilizes the stereocilium.


stereocilium shaft

The shaft comprises the majority of the length of the stereocilium. This region is notable for the extreme stability of actin filaments, which are highly crosslinked into a parallel bundle.


cuticular plate

A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted.


startle response

An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus.


apical protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound

The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal.


actin filament bundle assembly

The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.


inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized inner cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.


inner ear receptor cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound.


whirlin isoform m1 (mouse)

A whirlin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q80VW5-1.


ear hair cell

A hair cell of the ear that contains the organs of balance and hearing.


stereocilia ankle link complex

A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.


USH2 complex

A protein complex composed of four proteins, loss of which results in Usher Syndrome type 2 (USH2 syndrome), a leading genetic cause of combined hearing and vision loss. This complex is conserved in many species; in mice, it is composed of USH2A, GPR98 (aka ADGRV1), WHRN, and PDZD7.


photoreceptor inner segment

The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.


photoreceptor connecting cilium

The portion of the photoreceptor cell cilium linking the photoreceptor inner and outer segments. It's considered to be equivalent to the ciliary transition zone.


periciliary membrane compartment

A plasma membrane region adjacent to the base of eukaryotic cilia and flagella that is enriched in endocytosis-associated proteins and vesicles and that appears to regulate ciliary membrane homeostasis.


stereocilia ankle link

A stereocilia coupling link that is composed of a fine filament present in developing stereocilia that couples the bases of individual stereocilia to one another. They are not present in mature stereocilia.


NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex

An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.


regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels

Any process that regulates the the local concentration of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynaptic membrane.


behavioral response to ethanol

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.


thyroid hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


Liothyronine

An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.


positive regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.


regulation of heart contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.


female courtship behavior

The behavior of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.


type I pneumocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles.


negative regulation of female receptivity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances.


negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


response to bile acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.


phosphate ion transmembrane transport

The process in which a phosphate is transported across a membrane.


cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.


structural molecule activity

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.


A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvic acid


3-Hydroxycholan-24-oic acid

A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.


Calcitriol

A hydroxycalciol that is calcidiol in which the pro-S hydrogen of calcidiol is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the active form of vitamin D3, produced fom calciol via hydoxylation in the liver to form calcidiol, which is subsequently oxidised in the kidney to give calcitriol.


Alitretinoin

A retinoic acid in which the exocyclic double bonds have 7E,9Z,11E,13E geometry.


neuron projection terminus

The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.


cone cell pedicle

A specialized axon terminus which is produced by retinal cone cells. Pedicles are large, conical, flat end-feet (8-10 micrometers diameter) of the retinal cone axon that lie more or less side by side on the same plane at the outer edge of the outer plexiform layer (OPL).


detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception

The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


photoreceptor cell outer segment organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials.


photoreceptor cell maintenance

Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light.


intraciliary transport

The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins.


photoreceptor cell differentiation

The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ribbon synapse

Type of synapse characterized by an electron-dense ribbon, lamella (bar) or spherical body in the presynaptic process cytoplasm.


axis elongation

The developmental growth that results in the elongation of a line that defines polarity or symmetry in an anatomical structure.


regulation of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome.


neural plate development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.


paraxial mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.


splicing factor binding

Binding to a protein involved in the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to form the mature form of the RNA.


methylation

The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.


DHET

An icosanoid obtained by formal dihydroxylation across one of the double bonds of arachidonic acid.


regulation of cell growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.


suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type I interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


protein dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.


dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


dolichol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + dolichol = CDP + dolichyl phosphate.


Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate(2-)

Pantetheine 4'-phosphate(2-) with D (R) configuration at the 2' position. The dianion formed from D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate by deprotonation of the phosphate group; major microspecies at pH 7.3.


The D-enantiomer of 4-phosphoerythronic acid.


fructose 1-phosphate

A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 1-position


Pantetheine

An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.


Dianion of 3'-dephospho-CoA.


A polyprenol in which all linkages of the isoprene units are cis, except for the two furthest from the hydroxy group which are trans.


purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


PTPRM_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu that is encoded in the genome of human.


PR15A_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A that is encoded in the genome of human.


PR15B_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15B (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15B that is encoded in the genome of human.


liver parenchyma

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The functional units of the liver including the lobules.


hydroxyisourate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O = 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+.


urate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: urate + O2 + H2O = 5-hydroxyisourate + hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+ = S-allantoin + CO2.


protein transporter activity

Directly binding to a specific protein and delivering it to a specific cellular location.


M3TYJ4_PIG DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 (trembl)


PEX1_HUMAN Peroxisomal ATPase PEX1 (sprot)

A peroxisomal ATPase PEX1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PEX6_HUMAN Peroxisomal ATPase PEX6 (sprot)

A peroxisomal ATPase PEX6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EET

An icosanoid obtained by formal epoxidation of one of the double bonds of arachidonic acid.


negative regulation of cell growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.


long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


lipoxygenase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase.


epoxygenase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.


An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 5,6-double bond of arachidonic acid.


An epoxy fatty acid consisting of (4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,14E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid having an epoxy group located at the 16,17-position. An intermediate lipid in specialized proresolving mediators.


An epoxy fatty acid consisting of (4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid having an epoxy group at the 13,14-position. An intermediate lipid in specialized proresolving mediators


A metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that can be converted to 17(S)-RvD1 or 17(S)-RvD2


A metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that can be converted to 17(S)-RvD3 or 17(S)-RvD4


A polyunsaturated fatty acid that is (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid having an epoxy group across positions 16 and 17.


An epoxy fatty acid that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z,16E)-icosa-7,9,11,14,16-pentaenoic acid carrying an epoxy group at position 5S and a hydroxy group at position 18S. It is an intermediate in resolvin E1 biosynthesis.


A hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosa-4,9,11,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid carrying an epoxy group at position 7S and a hydroxy group at position 17R. It is a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid, and serves as a precursor to D-resolvins.


An epoxy fatty acid that is (6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosa-6,8,10,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid which is carrying an epoxy group at position 4S and a hydroxy group at position 17R. It is a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that can be converted to a D-resolvin.


The 18(R) stereoisomer of the epoxy-HEPE intermediate in RvE1 biosynthesis


13,14-Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid

An epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid in which the epoxy group is located at the 13,14-position. An intermediate in the specialised proresolving mediators


A docosanoid that is (9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying an epoxy group across positions 7 and 8 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 17.  An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-16,17-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid in which the chiral centres at positions 16 and 17 both have S-configuration. An intermediate of specialized proresolving mediators


8,9-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 8,9-double bond of arachidonic acid.


11,12-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.


An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 14,15-double bond of arachidonic acid.


Maresin 2

A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at the 13R- and 14S-positions.


Maresin 1

A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at the 7R- and 14S-positions.


Resolvin D1

A resolvin that is docosa-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7, 8, and 17 positions (the 7S,8R,17S-stereoisomer).


A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10R,17R-stereoisomer).


Neuroprotectin D1

A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10R,17S-stereoisomer). Protectin D1 is one of the specialised proresolving mediators. When produced in neural tissues, it is called neuroprotectin D1


18S-Resolvin E1

A resolvin that is (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E)-icosa-6,8,10,14,16-pentaenoic acid which is substituted at positions 5, 12 and 18 by hydroxy groups (the 5S,12R,18S stereoisomer).


Resolvin E1

A resolvin that is (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E)-icosa-6,8,10,14,16-pentaenoic acid which is substituted at positions 5, 12 and 18 by hydroxy groups (the 5S,12R,18R stereoisomer).


Resolvin D2

A member of the class of resolvins that is (4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 16 and 17 (the 7S,16R,17S-stereoisomer).


A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.


AT-Resolvin D1

A member of the class of resolvins that consists of docosa-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 8, and 17 (the 7S,8R,17S-stereoisomer).


A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 8,9-double bond of arachidonic acid.


A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 14,15-double bond of arachidonic acid.


aspirin-triggered resolvin D2

A member of the class of resolvins that is (4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 16 and 17 (the 7S,16R,17R-stereoisomer).


17-epi-resolvin D3

A member of the class of resolvins that is (5Z,7E,9E,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 11 and 17 (the 4S,11R,17R-stereoisomer)


A member of the class of resolvins that is (6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 5 and 17 (the 4S,5R,17R-stereoisomer).


Resolvin D3

A member of the class of resolvins that is (5Z,7E,9E,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 11 and 17 (the 4S,11R,17S-stereoisomer).


A member of the class of resolvins that is (6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 5 and 17 (the 4S,5R,17S-stereoisomer).


A docosanoid that is (8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 7R and 14S. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A docosanoid that is (7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 13 and 14. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid (DiHDPE) that is (7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid in which the hydrogens at the 10 pro-R and 17 pro-S positions have been replaced by hydroxy groups. It is an intermediate of specialized proresolving mediators.


A dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid (DiHDPE) that is (7Z,10Z,13E,14E,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at the 16 and 17-S positions. It is an intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A docosanoid that is (15E,19Z)-docosa-9,11,13,15,19-pentaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7S, 8 and 17S. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators


A docosanoid that is (14E,19Z)-docosa-8,10,12,14,19-pentaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 16 and 17. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators


A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 5,6-double bond of arachidonic acid.


CP1A2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1A2 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 1A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP1A1_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1A1 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 1A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP1B1_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1B1 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 1B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2C8_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C8 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2C8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2C9_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C9 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2C9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2CJ_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C19 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2C19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2J2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2J2 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2J2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


notochord morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.


convergent extension

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.


localization of cell

Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


convergent extension involved in axis elongation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism.


determination of dorsal identity

Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


hypothalamus development

The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote.


Spemann organizer formation

Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.


determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm

The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.


epiboly

The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells or yolk.


embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.


regulation of nodal signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway.


neural crest cell migration involved in sympathetic nervous system development

Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in sympathetic nervous system development.


protein localization to vacuole

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole.


negative regulation of defense response to virus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication.


positive regulation of innate immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.


ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide encoded by an aberrant message and associated with a stalled ribosome. Degradation is initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the ribosome-associated protein.


protein localization to phagocytic vesicle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a phagocytic vesicle.


vesicle-mediated transport

A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.


proteasome localization

Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


regulation of protein complex stability

Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein complex by altering the likelihood of its assembly or disassembly.


negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade.


protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking

The process in which a complex formed of a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS) receptor bound to a PTS-bearing protein docks with translocation machinery in the peroxisomal membrane.


pexophagy

The selective autophagy process in which a peroxisome is degraded by macroautophagy.


positive regulation of lysosome organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.


protein targeting to lysosome involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy

The targeting of a protein to the lysosome process in which an input protein binds to a chaperone and subsequently to a lysosomal receptor.


negative regulation of viral life cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to a virus.


protein ufmylation

Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to another protein.


protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.


cytosolic ciliogenesis

The process in which an axoneme is exposed entirely or partially to the cytoplasm or by which the cytoplasmic portion is assembled or extended. Cytosolic ciliogenesis can occur following compartmentalized ciliogenesis, in which the cilium is formed within a compartment separated from the cytoplasm.


aggrephagy

Selective degradation of protein aggregates by macroautophagy.


microtubule-based movement

A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.


early endosome to recycling endosome transport

The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the recycling endosomes.


protein localization to cleavage furrow

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cleavage furrow.


ribosomal large subunit binding

Binding to a large ribosomal subunit.


Rac protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


protein lysine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = acetate + L-lysyl-[protein].


alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA binding

Binding to an alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA.


Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.


lipid transfer activity

Removes a lipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. This results in intermembrane transfer of lipids.


cargo adaptor activity

Binding directly to the structural scaffolding elements of a vesicle coat (such as clathrin or COPII), and bridging the membrane, cargo receptor, and membrane deformation machinery.


dynein complex binding

Binding to a dynein complex, a protein complex that contains two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and has microtubule motor activity.


BBSome binding

Binding to a BBSome complex.


nuclear pore

A protein complex providing a discrete opening in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.


cleavage furrow

The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm.


autophagosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagosome, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered.


fungal-type vacuole

A vacuole that has both lytic and storage functions. The fungal vacuole is a large, membrane-bounded organelle that functions as a reservoir for the storage of small molecules (including polyphosphate, amino acids, several divalent cations (e.g. calcium), other ions, and other small molecules) as well as being the primary compartment for degradation. It is an acidic compartment, containing an ensemble of acid hydrolases. At least in S. cerevisiae, there are indications that the morphology of the vacuole is variable and correlated with the cell cycle, with logarithmically growing cells having a multilobed, reticulated vacuole, while stationary phase cells contain a single large structure.


PML body

A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.


phagophore assembly site

Punctate structures proximal to the endoplasmic reticulum which are the sites where the Atg machinery assembles upon autophagy induction.


cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


postsynaptic specialization membrane

The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


AIM2 inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex that consists of AIM2, ASC, and caspase-1. AIM2 is a member of the HN-200 protein family that appears to be the sensor of cytosolic double-stranded DNA.


endocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.


mitotic telophase

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


IPO9_HUMAN Importin-9 (sprot)

An importin-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 49 isoform h4 (human)

A leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 49 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8IUZ0-4.


TPGS2_HUMAN Tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 2 (sprot)

A tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LRC49_HUMAN Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 49 (sprot)

A leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 49 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TPGS1_HUMAN Tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 1 (sprot)

A tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PML_HUMAN Protein PML (sprot)

A transcription factor PML that is encoded in the genome of human.


serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform h2 (human)

A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P16298-2.


cytoplasmic exosome (RNase complex)

A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime processive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform h4 (human)

An autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q2TAZ0-5.


ATG2B_HUMAN Autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B (sprot)

An autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B that is encoded in the genome of human.


The trianion of a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


UFM1_HUMAN Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (sprot)

A ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BBS2_HUMAN Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 protein (sprot)

A Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


BBS5_HUMAN Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5 protein (sprot)

A Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


DC1L1_HUMAN Cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain 1 (sprot)

A cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


dynein complex

Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.


proteasome regulatory particle

A multisubunit complex, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes and unfolds ubiquitinated proteins, and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.


Arp2/3 protein complex

A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments.


CYH1_MOUSE Cytohesin-1 (sprot)

A cytohesin-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


M3K14_MOUSE Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CIA complex

The cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur clusters into apoproteins involved in DNA metabolism and genomic integrity.


Ski complex

A protein complex that regulates RNA degradation by the exosome complex. In Saccharomyces the complex has a heterotetrameric stoichiometry consisting of one copy each of Ski2p and Ski3 and two copies of Ski8p.


CSTP1_HUMAN Centriolar satellite-associated tubulin polyglutamylase complex regulator 1 (sprot)

A centriolar satellite-associated tubulin polyglutamylase complex regulator 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WIPI1_HUMAN WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

A WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BILF1_EBVB9 G-protein coupled receptor BILF1 (sprot)


IQCB1_HUMAN IQ calmodulin-binding motif-containing protein 1 (sprot)

An IQ calmodulin-binding motif-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LYPA1_HUMAN Acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (sprot)

An acyl-protein thioesterase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PCM1_HUMAN Pericentriolar material 1 protein (sprot)

A pericentriolar material 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PEX26_HUMAN Peroxisome assembly protein 26 (sprot)

A peroxisome assembly protein 26 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MARH7_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF7 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZDH19_HUMAN Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC19 (sprot)

A palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AN_HHV8P Shutoff alkaline exonuclease (sprot)


ubiquitin ligase complex

A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.


axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point.


negative regulation of receptor internalization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.


afferent neuron

A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery.


central nervous system myelination

The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.


stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


myoblast fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


cellular response to virus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


ATP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


regulation of neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.


bronchiole development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.


L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of L-glutamate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission.


specification of segmental identity, mandibular segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the mandibular segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.


cementum mineralization

The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited into the initial acellular cementum.


collagen-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to a cell surface receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an oligodendrocyte. Oligodendrocytes belong to a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, where they form the insulating myelin sheath of axons.


sympathetic neuron axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a sympathetic neuron axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.


diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diphosphate, the anion or salt of diphosphoric acid.


regulation of hydrolase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.


protein nitrosylation

The covalent addition of a nitric oxide group to an amino acid within a protein.


synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse.


protein glucuronidation

The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronidation.


presumptive endoderm

Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm.


striated muscle cell

Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres.


melanocyte of skin

A melanocyte that is part of the skin of body.


calvarial osteoblast

Any osteoblast that is part of a skull.


cementoblast

Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (a bony substance that covers the root of a tooth), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell.


aortic smooth muscle cell

A smooth muscle cell of the aorta.


stromal cell of bone marrow

A stromal cell that is part_of a bone marrow.


gray matter

A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons.


inflammatory macrophage

An elicited macrophage that is recruited into the tissues in response to injury and infection as part of an inflammatory response, expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS and NO, and shows potent microbicidal activity.


mammotroph

An acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.


ventral tegmental nucleus

A nucleus of brain that is part of a ventral tegmental area.


Oreochromis aureus x Oreochromis niloticus


Hydrogen Peroxide

An inorganic peroxide consisting of two hydroxy groups joined by a covalent oxygen-oxygen single bond.


Dinoprostone

Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.


heart contraction

The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.


abducens nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a vascular associated smooth muscle cell from one site to another.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


microglia differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell. Microglia are glial cells that act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They form part of the supporting structure of this system.


regulation of blood pressure

Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


lymphocyte migration

The movement of a lymphocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


podocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.


bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized.


endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte growth

The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time from one condition to another.


hematopoietic stem cell migration to bone marrow

The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell into the bone marrow, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments in that microenvironment. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.


sensory perception of temperature stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


motor neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


eosinophil mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by an eosinophil.


skeletal myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells.


rhythmic behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity.


sarcomere organization

The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.


facial nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


hypoglossal nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


response to Gram-positive bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-positive bacterium.


B-1 B cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


response to platelet-derived growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


microglial cell migration

The orderly movement of a microglial cell from one site to another.


immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin-mediated immune response

The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


sensory perception of mechanical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


axonogenesis involved in innervation

The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue.


sinoatrial node development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.


ductus arteriosus closure

The morphogenesis process in which the ductus arteriosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth. The ductus arteriosus is the shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which allows blood to bypass the fetus' lungs.


fibroblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population.


response to pain

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.


response to mechanical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.


CCN3_HUMAN CCN family member 3 (sprot)

A protein NOV that is encoded in the genome of human.


brain-derived neurotrophic factor

A neurotrophin that is a translation product of the human BDNF gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


CP1A5_CHICK Cytochrome P450 1A5 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the CYP1A5 gene in chicken.


cytochrome P450 1A2

A protein that is a translation product of the human CYP1A2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


vascular endothelial growth factor A

A protein that is a translation product of the human VEGFA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.