mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth

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Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).


pallium cell proliferation in forebrain

The multiplication or reproduction of pallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process.


retinal cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell.


high-affinity oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


interleukin-20 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-20 receptor.


interleukin-22 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-22 receptor.


I22R1_MOUSE Interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-1 (sprot)

An interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


I20RA_MOUSE Interleukin-20 receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-20 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


carbohydrate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).


cytokine receptor binding

Binding to a cytokine receptor.


positive regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


negative regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


IL31R_MOUSE Interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-31 receptor A that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


I17RC_MOUSE Interleukin-17 receptor C (sprot)

An interleukin-17 receptor C that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PLXD1_HUMAN Plexin-D1 (sprot)

A plexin-D1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HEYL_HUMAN Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like protein (sprot)

A hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTCRA_HUMAN Pre T-cell antigen receptor alpha (sprot)

A pre T-cell antigen receptor alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


DLGP5_HUMAN Disks large-associated protein 5 (sprot)

A disks large-associated protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IPO8_HUMAN Importin-8 (sprot)

An importin-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of blood circulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.


response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.


regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.


prenylated protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


succinyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the monovalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A.


cellular ketone body metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism.


potassium channel inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a potassium channel.


AP-2 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-2 adaptor complex. The AP-2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


positive regulation of DNA ligation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.


regulation of mitotic spindle organization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of lipid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the compounds most commonly designated lecithin.


A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).


Zwitterionic form of a 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH.


palmitoleoyl-CoA

A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid.


negative regulation of blood coagulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine.


L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-alanine is the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


proline transport

The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-alanine transport

The directed movement of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


olfactory bulb layer

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positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


response to interleukin-1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.


amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


GPI anchor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, molecular mechanisms for attaching membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Structurally they consist of a molecule of phosphatidylinositol to which is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl of the inositol, a carbohydrate chain. This chain is in turn linked to the protein through an ethanolamine phosphate group, the amino group of which is in amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein chain, the phosphate group being esterified to the C-6 hydroxyl of the terminal mannose of the core carbohydrate chain.


N-acylethanolamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


An inositol phosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol; major species at pH 7.3.


6-phosphofructokinase complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex that possesses 6-phosphofructokinase activity; homodimeric, homooctameric, and allosteric homotetrameric forms are known.


snRNA export from nucleus

The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


interleukin-2 binding

Binding to interleukin-2.


IL2_MOUSE Interleukin-2 (sprot)

An interleukin-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


peptidyl-amino acid modification

The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.


purine nucleoside transmembrane transport

The process in which a purine nucleoside is transported across a membrane. A purine nucleoside is a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.


endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable.


mammary gland bud morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland buds are generated and organized. Mammary gland buds form by an outpocketing of the mammary placodes and grow to invade the mammary fat, when they form the mammary cord.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.


positive regulation of proteolysis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.


regulation of endocannabinoid signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocannabinoid signaling pathway.


myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts, after migrating to the site of injury, fuse into existing damaged fibers or fuse to myotubes to form new fibers, as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


muscle thin filament tropomyosin

A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.


positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


regulation of heme biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.


nuclear cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus.


positive regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.


cytidine deamination

The removal of amino group in the presence of water.


penetration of cumulus oophorus

The infiltration by sperm of the cumulus oophorus to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


plus-end directed microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.


myosin light chain binding

Binding to a light chain of a myosin complex.


mitochondrion migration along actin filament

The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microfilament, mediated by motor proteins.


MYL9_MOUSE Myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 (sprot)

A myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ML12B_MOUSE Myosin regulatory light chain 12B (sprot)

A myosin regulatory light chain 12B that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


O-glycan processing, core 1

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.


endoplasmic reticulum-autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an ER membrane and an autophagosome during reticulophagy.


endosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


positive regulation of isotype switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.


positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin transferase activity.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


Toll-like receptor 4 binding

Binding to a Toll-like 4 protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.


prostaglandin-F synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.


phosphatase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phosphatase.


T cell extravasation

The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


myeloid dendritic cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate.


CLCN3_HUMAN H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3 (sprot)

An H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


exosome (RNase complex)

A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime exoribonuclease activity and possibly endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.


The organization of chromatin into heterochromatin at the pericentric region of a chromosome.


H2BFS_HUMAN Histone H2B type F-S (sprot)

A histone H2B type F-S that is encoded in the genome of human.


brush border assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of adjacent microvilli through the formation of Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links between them, forming a brush border.


response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


cell aggregation

The clustering together and adhesion of initially separate cells to form an aggregate. Examples include the clustering of unicellular organisms or blood cells in suspension and the condensation of mesenchymal cells during cartilage formation.


UFM1 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier UFM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.


negative regulation of mitochondrial fission

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


calcium-dependent outer dynein arm binding

Binding to an outer dynein arm in the presence of calcium.


cytoskeletal motor regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a motor protein.


regulation of flagellated sperm motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


uniplex complex

A calcium channel complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane capable of highly-selective calcium channel activity. Its components include the EF-hand-containing proteins mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) and MICU2, the pore-forming subunit mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its paralog MCUb, and the MCU regulator EMRE.


prenylcysteine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-prenyl-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O = a prenal + L-cysteine + H2O2.


prenylcysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor, where the acyl group is a short chain fatty acid residue.


detection of nodal flow

The series of events by which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cilium on a cell and converted to a molecular signal contributing to left/right asymmetry.


peptidyl-aspartic acid 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 3-hydroxy-L-aspartate + succinate + CO2.


peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid.


positive regulation of mitochondrial translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A).


regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


adenine nucleotide transport

The directed movement of adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and/or AMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


ketone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


mitochondrial tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.


tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule.


negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


antigen transcytosis by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

The process of antigen transcytosis carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Transcytosis is the process of the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. M cells are specialized epithelia cells with a microfold structure that are adept at moving antigens from the gut lumen to antigen presenting cells in the MALT.


ribonuclease H2 complex

A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p.


response to dsRNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


zinc ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


positive regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.


positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


leptomycin B binding

Binding to leptomycin B.


cellular response to leptomycin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


quinolinate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-glutaminyl-[peptide] = N-terminal 5-oxo-L-prolyl-[peptide] + NH4+.


peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase.


polyprenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of multiple prenyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


H4K20me3 modified histone binding

Binding to a histone H4 in which the lysine residue at position 20 has been modified by trimethylation.


negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform Stat3A unphosphorylated 2 (mouse)

A signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform Stat3A (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation at the position equivalent to Ser-727. UniProtKB:P42227-1, Ser-727, PR:000026291.


signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform Stat3A phosphorylated 2 (mouse)

A signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform Stat3A (mouse) that has been phosphorylated at Ser-727 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P42227-1. UniProtKB:P42227-1, Ser-727, MOD:00046.


cadmium ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


poly(G) binding

Binding to a sequence of guanine residues in an RNA molecule.


regulation of protein monoubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination.


interleukin-3 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-3 receptor.


erythropoietin receptor binding

Binding to an erythropoietin receptor.


ceramide phosphoethanolamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide phosphoethanolamine.


eukaryotic 80S initiation complex

A protein complex composed of the large and small ribosomal subunits, methionyl-initiatior tRNA, and the capped mRNA. The initiator tRNA is positioned at the ribosomal P site at the AUG codon corresponding to the beginning of the coding region.


90S preribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a 90S preribosome. The 90S preribosome represents the complex that forms on the primary rRNA transcript before it splits into the small subunit and large subunit portions.


Catalysis of the reaction: carboxymethyluridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)uridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs.


U6 snRNA 3'-end binding

Binding to a U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA) at the 3' end.


negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.


S38A9_HUMAN Neutral amino acid transporter 9 (sprot)

A sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of plasminogen activation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


response to norepinephrine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.


calmodulin dependent kinase signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any signal transduction pathway involving calmodulin dependent kinase activity.


positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.


cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the cytoplasm.


mRNA cap binding complex

Any protein complex that binds to an mRNA cap at any time in the lifetime of the mRNA.


NADP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.


An organophosphate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of NMNH; major species at pH 7.3.


nucleocytoplasmic carrier activity

Binding to and carrying a cargo between the nucleus and the cytoplasm by moving along with the cargo. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


regulation of cholesterol metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


JUN kinase phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.


respiratory chain complex I

Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.


germinal center B cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A rapidly cycling mature B cell that has distinct phenotypic characteristics and is involved in T-dependent immune responses and located typically in the germinal centers of lymph nodes. This cell type expresses Ly77 after activation.


mitochondrial tRNA wobble uridine modification

The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


insulin receptor internalization

A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of an insulin receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell.


ferric-chelate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron donor -> 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron acceptor.


iron ion import across cell outer membrane

The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell, across the cell outer membrane and into the periplasmic space.


regulation of cytolysis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


3'-nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.


NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.


U2 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U2 snRNA molecule.


negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


positive regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.


negative regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of growth cone in injured axon.


negative regulation of dendrite extension

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.


aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex

A multienzyme complex found in all multicellular eukaryotes composed of eight proteins with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities (abbreviated as: ArgRS, AspRS, GluProRS, GlnRS, IleRS, LeuRS, LysRS, MetRS where RS is the enzyme, preceded by the amino acid it uses as a substrate) as well as three non-synthetase proteins (p43, p38, and p18) with diverse functions. Several of these subunits are known dimers, so the total polypeptide count in the multisynthetase complex is at least fifteen. All of the enzymes in this assembly catalyze the same reaction, the covalent attachment of an amino acid to either the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl of the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, but using different substrates.


bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation at the position equivalent to Ser-999 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8CGC7. UniProtKB:Q8CGC7, Ser-999, PR:000026291.


protein antigen binding

Binding to a protein antigen.


CD28_MOUSE T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (sprot)

A T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


myosin phosphatase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates of the activity of myosin phosphatase.


SHB_HUMAN SH2 domain-containing adapter protein B (sprot)

An SH2 domain-containing adapter protein B that is encoded in the genome of human.


SH22A_HUMAN SH2 domain-containing protein 2A (sprot)

An SH2 domain-containing protein 2A that is encoded in the genome of human.


vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation.


patched ligand maturation

The posttranslational modification of members of the Hedgehog family of signaling proteins in order for Hedgehog to exert its biological activity. These modifications include cleavage of its signal sequence, autocatalytic protein cleavage and the attachment of sterol groups.


RNA polymerase complex

Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits.


positive regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


ER-nucleus signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation.


spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly

The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex.


galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyllactosamine + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. N-acetyllactosamine residues are found in a number of different carbohydrate types. N-acetyllactosamine can also be written as Gal-beta-(1,4)-GlcNAc.


peptidoglycan binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with peptidoglycan, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


suppression of symbiont entry into host

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


Binding to an oligosaccharyltransferase complex.


response to sterol depletion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


fucose binding

Binding to fucose, the pentose 6-deoxygalactose.


female mating behavior

The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction.


detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


cytosine C-5 DNA demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl-dCpdG DNA + H2O = dCpdG DNA + methanol. This reaction is the hydrolytic removal of the methyl group on the 5 position of cytosine in DNA.


negative regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


vesicle coat

A membrane coat found on a coated vesicle.


negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


spermidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


negative regulation of endothelial cell migration

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions.


negative regulation of extracellular matrix assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.


positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metallopeptidase activity.


collagen V binding

Binding to a type V collagen trimer.


m-AAA complex

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is involved in mitochondrial protein turnover and in processing of proteins imported into mitochondria.


regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


RGPA1_MOUSE Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1 (sprot)

A Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RGPA2_MOUSE Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-2 (sprot)

A Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RPGP1_MOUSE Rap1 GTPase-activating protein 1 (sprot)

A Rap1 GTPase-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


polyamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


polyamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative degradation or interconversion of polyamines.


striated muscle myosin thick filament

Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils.


lipid phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.


activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade

Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.


long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a long-chain acyl-CoA = a long-chain carboxylate + CoA. A long chain is a chain of greater than 12 carbons in length.


2-Keto palmitic acid

An oxo fatty acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid.


ACBD4_HUMAN Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 4 (sprot)

An acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


prolactin secretion

The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.


cysteinyl leukotriene receptor activity

Combining with a cysteinyl leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are leukotrienes that contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


regulation of protein autoubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.


regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.


G protein-coupled receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a G protein-coupled receptor.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development

The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.


acetylcholine receptor activator activity

Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.


iodotyrosine deiodinase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: 2 iodide + L-tyrosine + 2 NADP+ = 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine + H+ + 2 NADPH. Note that this activity has only been demonstrated in the direction of 3-deiodination. 3-bromo-L-tyrosine and 3-chloro-L-tyrosine can also be used as substrates.


muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


tubulin complex assembly

The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer.


eye blink reflex

The reflex process in which a mechanical stimulus applied to the eye elicits a response of the eyelid closing.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping.


3-keto-sphinganine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-keto-sphinganine, a derivative of sphinganine with a ketone group at C3. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of sphingosine.


gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


regulation of centriole replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole.


mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding

Binding to mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to hydroxyl side chains on proteins in response to mitogen activation.


G protein-coupled ADP receptor activity

Combining with ADP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


stem cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate.


ARF protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the ARF family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


sperm end piece

The short tip of the sperm flagellum, adjacent to the sperm principal piece and furthest from the sperm head, which contains only the axoneme surrounded by the plasma membrane.


roof plate formation

The formation of a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells.


MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like 4 receptor, where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.


reproductive senescence

A life cycle stage during which the reproductive capacity and fitness of an organism declines.


calcium activated phosphatidylserine scrambling

The movement of a population of phosphatidylserine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


calcium activated phosphatidylcholine scrambling

The movement of a population of phosphatidylcholine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


calcium activated galactosylceramide scrambling

The movement of a population of galactosylceramide molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity

Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase.


positive regulation of sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


STON2_HUMAN Stonin-2 (sprot)

A stonin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


STON1_HUMAN Stonin-1 (sprot)

A stonin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


behavioral response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


molybdenum ion binding

Binding to a molybdenum ion (Mo).


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap or the 3'-poly(A) tail.


D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NADP+ = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase.


EH domain binding

Binding to an EH domain of a protein. The EH stand for Eps15 homology. This was originally identified as a motif present in three copies at the NH2-termini of Eps15 and of the related molecule Eps15R.


ISK6_HUMAN Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 6 (sprot)

A serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK14_HUMAN Kallikrein-14 (sprot)

A kallikrein-14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ISK5_HUMAN Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (sprot)

A serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KAZRN_HUMAN Kazrin (sprot)

A kazrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


PEPL_HUMAN Periplakin (sprot)

A periplakin that is encoded in the genome of human.


TGM1_HUMAN Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K (sprot)

A protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K that is encoded in the genome of human.


ISK9_HUMAN Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 9 (sprot)

A serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


INVO_HUMAN Involucrin (sprot)

An involucrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDSN_HUMAN Corneodesmosin (sprot)

A corneodesmosin that is encoded in the genome of human.


EVPL_HUMAN Envoplakin (sprot)

An envoplakin that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK12_HUMAN Kallikrein-12 (sprot)

A kallikrein-12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase complex, mitochondrial

A mitochondrial protein complex which is capable of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase activity. In mammals, at least, consists as a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. MCCC-alpha has a covalently bound biotin essential for the ATP-dependent carboxylation. MCCC-beta possesses carboxyltransferase activity which presumably is essential for binding to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.


linoleic acid epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts linoleic acid to a cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid.


A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 20 carbon atoms.


wax ester

A fatty acid ester resulting from the condensation of the carboxy group of a fatty acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of a fatty alcohol.


nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


aster

An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.


negative regulation of rRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.


establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion

The directed movement of a protein to the mitochondrion or a part of the mitochondrion.


positive regulation of cellular respiration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.


regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


centriole-centriole cohesion

The cell cycle process in which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired.


negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity.


plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


A tetracarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the four carboxy groups of beta-citrylglutamic acid; major species at pH 7.3.


Keratan

A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide  [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.


Butyl hexanoate

A hexanoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexanoic acid (caproic acid) with butan-1-ol. It is a volatile compound found in apples and peaches.


beta-Glycerophosphoric acid

A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position.


sphingomyelin

Any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of a sphingoid base is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxy group of the sphingoid base is esterified to phosphorylcholine.


Querciturone

A quercetin O-glycoside that consists of quercetin attached to a beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Salvia and Phaseolus vulgaris, it exhibits antioxidant and antidepressant activities.


glycerophosphoinositol

Any glycerophospholipid having the polar alcohol inositol esterified to the phosphate group at the sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone.


A 2-monoglyceride where the acyl group is (9Z)-octadecenoyl.


positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


protein K6-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


protein K29-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K29-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


regulation of MAP kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.


positive regulation of lipid storage

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


nuclear telomere cap complex

A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


ATRX_HUMAN Transcriptional regulator ATRX (sprot)

A transcriptional regulator ATRX that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


calcium-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a calcium-dependent protein kinase.


negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


protein K27-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K27-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of spongiotrophoblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the spongiotrophoblast layer.


cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the embryonic placenta.


negative regulation of eating behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.


dsRNA transport

The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of T cell cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


iron ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


copper ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of copper ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


positive regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


positive regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


memory T cell proliferation

The expansion of a memory T cell population by cell division.


acetyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


katanin complex

A complex possessing an activity that couples ATP hydrolysis to the severing of microtubules; usually a heterodimer comprising a catalytic subunit (often 60kDa) and a regulatory subunit (often 80 kDa).


negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.


intracellular amino acid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of amino acids within a cell.


positive regulation of autophagosome maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.


primary ovarian follicle growth

Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle).


relaxation of skeletal muscle

A process in which the extent of skeletal muscle tissue contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation involves the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases.


regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the force of skeletal muscle contraction. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through the formation of cross bridges.


regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity: catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.


CDP-diacylglycerol

A CDP-glycerol having unspecified acyl groups (most commonly fatty acyl groups) at the 1- and 2-positions.


positive regulation of macrophage fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.


female pronucleus assembly

Assembly of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg.


negative regulation of neutrophil migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.


negative regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.


negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.


negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.


negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


vasoconstriction of artery involved in ischemic response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

The vasoconstriction that is triggered by vasomotor excitation resulting from the detection of high carbon dioxide levels in the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + H+(out) = sucrose(in) + H+(in).


sucrose transport

The directed movement of sucrose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sucrose is the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.


positive regulation of acrosome reaction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.


extrinsic component of mitochondrial inner membrane

The component of mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


regulation of natural killer cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.


selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Binding to a selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS), a regulatory sequence within mRNA which directs incorporation of a selenocysteine at a stop codon (UGA) during translation.


response to selenium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.


epithelial cell of prostate

An epithelial cell of the prostate.


5-methylcytosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


zygote

A zygote in a plant or an animal.


regulation of estradiol secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.


MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with an MHC class I protein complex to initiate a change in cellular activity. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


ACTA_MOUSE Actin, aortic smooth muscle (sprot)

An actin, aortic smooth muscle that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


MMP2_MOUSE 72 kDa type IV collagenase (sprot)

A 72 kDa type IV collagenase that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


osteoclast fusion

The plasma membrane fusion process that results in fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts to form a multinuclear osteoclast.


negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.


regulation of DNA endoreduplication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.


UDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP + H2O = UMP + phosphate.


ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


negative regulation of fermentation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation.


unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.


L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


histidine transport

The directed movement of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


oncostatin-M receptor binding

Binding to an oncostatin-M receptor.


canalicular bile acid transport

Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a hepatocyte plasma membrane into a bile canaliculus. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell chemotaxis

The movement of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation

Any process in which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


CERF complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2L in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and a CECR2 homolog. In mammals, CERF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters.


positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.


lipase binding

Binding to a lipase.


lipase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid.


Sin3-type complex

Any of a number of evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase complexes (HDACs) containing a core consisting of a paired amphipathic helix motif protein (e.g. Sin3p in S. cerevisiae, Pst1 in S. pombe or Sin3A in mammals) at least one class I histone deacetylase (e.g. Rpd3p in S. cerevisiae, Clr6 in S. pombe, or HDAC1 and HDAC2 in mammals), and at least one WD40 repeat protein (e.g. Ume1p in S. cerevisiae, Prw1 in S. pombe, or RbAp46 and RbAp48 in mammals). These complexes also contain a variable number of other proteins that direct histone binding, DNA binding, or add other functionality to the complex.


primary lung bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.


interleukin-33 binding

Binding to interleukin-33.


negative regulation of sperm capacitation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation.


positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


lymph circulation

The flow of lymph through the body of an animal.


positive regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to a lysophospholipid.


negative regulation of receptor recycling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of receptor recycling.


regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


negative regulation of Toll signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.


pseudophosphatase activity

Maintains the phosphorylation state of certain molecules by associating with them and preventing them from associating with active phosphatases, and thus inhibiting the enzyme activity without interacting with the enzyme. Often pertains to proteins belonging to dual-specificity phosphatase family but lacking critical active site residues.


regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.


DNA-templated transcription initiation

The initial step of transcription, consisting of the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at a gene promoter, as well as the formation of the first few bonds of the RNA transcript. Transcription initiation includes abortive initiation events, which occur when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released, and ends when promoter clearance takes place.


lysophosphatidic acid binding

Binding to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a phospholipid derivative that acts as a potent mitogen due to its activation of high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors.


antifungal humoral response

An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.


dendritic cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of dendritic cells such that the total number of dendritic cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


SNARE complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SNARE complex, a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.


spermatogonial cell division

The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes).


actin filament-based process

Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


histone H2B C-terminal K residue ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to a histone 2B at the conserved C-terminal lysine (K) residue. The last K residue is at position 119 in fission yeast, 123 in budding yeast, and 120 in mammals.


ooplasm

The cytoplasm of an ovum.


DEAD/H-box RNA helicase binding

Binding to a DEAD/H-box RNA helicase.


retinoic acid-responsive element binding

Binding to a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind.


establishment of localization in cell

Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.


NAD+ synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+.


leukotriene receptor activity

Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


threonine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


spongiotrophoblast layer developmental growth

The increase in size or mass of the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta where the increase in size or mass contributes to the progression of that layer over time from its formation to its mature state.


pyrimidine nucleotide binding

Binding to a pyrimidine nucleotide, a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


G protein-coupled UTP receptor activity

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UTP.


transepithelial chloride transport

The directed movement of chloride ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.


cGMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.


cellular response to methyl methanesulfonate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.


fructosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


protein-fructosamine 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-fructosyl-L-lysine <=> ADP + H+ + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-fructosyl)-L-lysine.


osmosensor activity

Sensing extracellular osmolarity to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning the membrane of the cell.


regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


steroid 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + donor-H2 + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid + H2O.


N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor isoform m2 (mouse)

A lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q99KG5-2.


regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter.


detection of visible light

The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.


IgA binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype.


dense body

An electron dense body which may contain granules.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic endosome membrane

The component of the postsynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


1-Naphthyl phosphate

An aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 1 mol eq. of 1-naphthol. It is a substrate for phosphatase.


regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.


RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.


regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.


lactose binding

Binding to lactose, a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, the carbohydrate of milk.


prostaglandin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.


dendritic transport

The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in dendrites.


negative regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


negative regulation of mast cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.


regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway..


glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerol-3-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


The process in which glycerol-3-phosphate is transported across a membrane. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


negative regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.


cerebellar granular layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar granular layer to attain its fully functional state. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


laminin receptor activity

Combining with a laminin, a glycoprotein that constitutes the majority of proteins in the basement membrane, to initiate a change in cell activity.


calcium-dependent cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium

The directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.


regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


positive regulation of appetite

Any process that increases appetite.


negative regulation of locomotion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.


perinucleolar chromocenter

A chromocenter adjacent to the nucleolus.


reverse cholesterol transport

The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol polyphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol polyphosphate + phosphate.


positive regulation of androgen receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen receptor activity.


regulation of tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.


negative regulation of histone acetylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.


polyphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


tachykinin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by tachykinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. Tachykinin is a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2).


positive regulation of saliva secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva.


neural nucleus development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma.


interleukin-15 production

The appearance of interleukin-15 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


snoRNA binding

Binding to a small nucleolar RNA.


dense fibrillar component

A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and a collection of proteins.


RNA lariat debranching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of branched RNA structures that contain vicinal 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-phosphodiester bonds at a branch point nucleotide.


regulation of blood vessel branching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.


regulation of JUN kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.


U11/U12 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U11 and U12 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.


monosaccharide binding

Binding to a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H[CHOH]nC(=O)[CHOH]mH with three or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.


regulation of viral life cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.


ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding

Binding to a ubiquitin-like protein ligase, such as ubiquitin-ligase.


negative regulation of transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of transporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter.


small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 2 to 20 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


C-X-C chemokine receptor activity

Combining with a C-X-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A C-X-C chemokine has a single amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four cysteine motif.


renal potassium excretion

The elimination of potassium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fusion

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles fuse.


cell-cell adhesion mediator activity

The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to another cell.


protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The process of protecting a cell from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.


behavioral response to starvation

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione disulfide+ protein-dithiol.


mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane, consisting of at least two subunits, involved in processing of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins targeted to the intermembrane space.


protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion

The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments.


rhythmic process

Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.


ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


regulation of interleukin-2 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.


pyrimidine- and adenosine-specific:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(out) + Na+(out) = (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(in) + Na+(in).


purine-specific nucleoside:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: purine(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


pyrimidine nucleoside transport

The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside, a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

Establishment of a structure near the basement membrane in adjacent Sertoli cells of the seminiferous epithelium for maintaining spermatogenesis. The structure consists of tight junctions, basal ectoplasmic specializations, and desmosome-like junctions.


glycine secretion, neurotransmission

The controlled release of glycine by a cell, in which glycine acts as a neurotransmitter.


regulation of hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


clathrin heavy chain binding

Binding to a clathrin heavy chain.


regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


cellular response to toxic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


negative regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.


histone H3R2 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 2) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 2). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 2 of histone H3.


interleukin-8 production

The appearance of interleukin-8 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.


pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transport

The process in which a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar is transported across a membrane. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


negative regulation of viral process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.


Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein.


hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding

Binding to an hepatocyte growth factor receptor.


N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D activity

Catalysis of the release of N-acylethanolamine from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to generate N-acylethanolamine (NAE).


AP-2 adaptor complex

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits, and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle, and the cargo receptors during receptor/clathrin mediated endocytosis. Vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


phosphatidylinositol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tryptophan + O2 = N-formylkynurenine. The product of the reaction depends on the substrate; D-tryptophan produces N-formyl-D-kynurenine, and L-tryptophan produces N-formyl-L-kynurenine.


tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine.