positive regulation of sphingolipid biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipid biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


Mon1-Ccz1 complex

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A protein complex that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and converts Rab-GDP to Rab-GTP. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least Mon1 and Ccz1, and serves as a GEF for the Rab Ypt7p.


vesicle docking

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The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.


negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process.


alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase complex (UDP-forming)

A protein complex that possesses alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) and trehalose-phosphatase activities, and thus catalyzes two reactions in trehalose biosynthesis. In the complex identified in Saccharomyces, Tps1p has alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity, Tps2p has trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase activity; Tps3p is a regulatory subunit, and an additional subunit, Tsl1p, may be present.


cellular response to desiccation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.


rRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyladenine.


translation release factor activity, codon specific

A translation release factor that is specific for one or more particular termination codons; acts at the ribosomal A-site and require polypeptidyl-tRNA at the P-site.


phytochelatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.


glycolytic fermentation to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose; it is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2), producing two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose.


amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil + NADP+ = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + H+ + NADPH.


generation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step

Formation of a catalytic spliceosome complex ready to perform the first splicing reaction. This occurs by an ATP-dependent conformational change of the pre-catalytic spliceosome.


inositol phosphorylceramide mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1D-myo-inositol-1-phospho-N-[(R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acyl]-(R)-4-hydroxysphingoid base + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1,6)-1D-myo-inositol-1-phospho-N-[(R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acyl]-(R)-4-hydroxysphingoid base + GDP + H+.


negative regulation of septum digestion after cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.


positive regulation of septum digestion after cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.


single-stranded DNA 5'-3' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of nucleotides (such as mononucleotides or dinucleotides) from a free 5' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


prephenate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + prephenate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADH.


tyrosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


cupric ion binding

Binding to a cupric ion, copper(2+).


peptide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.


Sec62/Sec63 complex

A protein complex involved in the posttranslational targeting of proteins to the ER. In yeast, it is a tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p and Sec72p.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.


pantothenate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


alcohol O-butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a butyl ester.


short-chain carboxylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylic anion, where the carboxylic chain has 8 or fewer carbon atoms.


medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


spindle midzone assembly

The cell cycle process in which aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle midzone. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


HICS complex

A multisubunit complex involved in cytokinesis. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex consists of Sho1p, Hof1p, Inn1p and Cyk3p proteins.


negative regulation of actin nucleation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.


meiotic joint molecule formation

The conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination. These joint molecules contain Holliday junctions on either side of heteroduplex DNA.


strand invasion

The process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.


CAF-1 complex

A conserved heterotrimeric protein complex that promotes histone H3 and H4 deposition onto newly synthesized DNA during replication or DNA repair; specifically facilitates replication-dependent nucleosome assembly with the major histone H3 (H3.1). In many species the CAF-1 subunits are designated p150, p60, and p48.


DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly

The formation of nucleosomes on newly synthesized DNA, coupled to strand elongation.


DNA/DNA annealing activity

An activity that faciliates the formation of a complementary double-stranded DNA molecule.


DNA recombinase assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.


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inositol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphoserine binding

Binding to phosphorylated serine residues in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine/threonine (consensus YSPTSPS) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


recombinational repair

A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region.


amine transport

The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Prp19 complex

A protein complex consisting of Prp19 and associated proteins that is involved in the transition from the precatalytic spliceosome to the activated form that catalyzes step 1 of splicing, and which remains associated with the spliceosome through the second catalytic step. It is widely conserved, found in both yeast and mammals, though the exact composition varies. In S. cerevisiae, it contains Prp19p, Ntc20p, Snt309p, Isy1p, Syf2p, Cwc2p, Prp46p, Clf1p, Cef1p, and Syf1p.


pyrimidine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


pyrimidine nucleotide transport

The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.


MCM complex binding

Binding to an MCM complex.


MCM core complex

A protein complex that contains Mcm4, Mcm6, and Mcm7 proteins, and possesses DNA helicase activity. In the heterohexameric MCM complex, the Mcm4/6/7 proteins form a stable core, and Mcm2, Mcm3, and Mcm5 are more peripherally associated.


four-way junction helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix of DNA containing four-way junctions, including Holliday junctions, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


inner mitochondrial membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane.


Golgi calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings.


An organic anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of urea-1-carboxylic acid.


(-)-Ureidoglycolate

Conjugate base of (-)-ureidoglycolic acid.


(S)-(+)-allantoin

An optically active form of allantoin having (S)-(+)-configuration.


Allantoate

A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the  conjugate base of allantoic acid.


precorrin-2 dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + precorrin-2 = 2 H+ + NADH + sirohydrochlorin.


siroheme biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.


COMA complex

A kinetochore multiprotein complex that bridges the subunits that are in contact with centromeric DNA and the subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly. In yeast, consists of Ctf19p, Okp1p, Mcm21p, and Ame1p.


negative regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.


Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex

A protein complex required for the expansion of the autophagosomal membrane. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Atg12p, Atg5p and Atg16p.


Slx1-Slx4 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses an endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves certain types of branched DNA structures; because such structures often form during the replication ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats, the complex plays a role in the maintenance of rDNA. The subunits are known as Slx1 and Slx 4 in budding and fission yeasts, and are conserved in eukaryotes.


oxalate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.


oxalate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + oxalate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + oxalyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 3'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase I and DNA.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 5'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase II and DNA.


positive regulation of organelle assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.


mRNA branch site recognition

Recognition of the pre-mRNA branch site sequence by components of the assembling spliceosome.


vacuolar transmembrane transport

The process in which a solute is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other.


positive regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.


5'-deoxynucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H20=a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside + phosphate.


deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by a nonfermentable carbon source

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source leads to an increase of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by a nonfermentable carbon source

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source leads to a decrease of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oxaloacetate = ADP + CO2 + H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2-methylbutanal + CO2.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


diphthine methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphthine methyl ester + H2O = diphthine + H+ + methanol.


Zwitterionic form of L-histidine having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated alpha-amino group.


An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of L-histidinol arising from protonation of the primary amino function; major species at pH 7.3.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide.


A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion arising from deprotonation of all four phosphate OH groups of 1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)-5'-AMP; major species at pH 7.3.


An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of L-histidinal, arising from protonation of the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


An organophosphate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P

An organophosphate oxoanion that is the tetraanionic form of 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxy-D-ribulos-1-ylimino)methylamino]-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


phosphoribosyl-ATP

A 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP in which the 5-phospho-D-ribosyl residue has beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.


Dianion of 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl dihydrogen phosphate arising from deprotonation of both phosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.


L-histidinol phosphate(1-)

Conjugate base of L-histidinol phosphate having an anionic phosphate and a catoinic amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P + L-glutamine = D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate + aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide + L-glutamate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate + phosphate.


chorismate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds.


dUTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


riboflavin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine + H+ = 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + riboflavin.


TRAPPI protein complex

A complex that tethers COPII vesicles at ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Its role in this part of the vesicular transport may start at the ER exit sites. Binds to a component of the COPII coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33 which are regarded as the core subunits of all TRAPP complexes in yeast.


TRAPPIII protein complex

A complex that functions in anterograde transport at the Golgi and also regulates autophagy. In yeast it includes at least the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs85. TRAPPIII may include further, as yet undescribed, proteins.


ribonuclease P complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes cleavage of the leader sequence of precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs), generating the mature 5' end of tRNAs.


The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline.


mitochondrial crista junction

A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.


positive regulation of translational termination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.


positive regulation of translational elongation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.


DNA polymerase binding

Binding to a DNA polymerase.


Ssh1 translocon complex

A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Ssh1p, Sbh2p, and Sss1p. The Ssh1 translocon complex is involved in the cotranslational pathway of protein transport across the ER membrane, and recognizes proteins bearing strongly hydrophobic signal sequences.


tricarboxylate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tricarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


mitochondrial citrate transmembrane transport

The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into or out of a mitochondrial matrix.


glutathione hydrolase complex

Enzyme complex that in S. cerevisiae has components Dug2/Dug3 and is able to catalyze the cleavage of glutathione into glutamate and Cys-Gly.


omega peptidase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of non-standard peptide bonds releasing substituted amino acids such as pyroglutamate or cleave isopeptide bonds, such as many deubiquitinating enzymes.


protein deneddylation

The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.


P-type cadmium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Cd2+(out).


cadmium ion transport

The directed movement of cadmium (Cd) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


nitrogen catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.


alpha-glucoside transport

The directed movement of alpha-glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotriose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


sucrose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.


branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


acetolactate synthase complex

A dimeric (a large and a small chain) or tetrameric (two large and two small chains) enzyme complex. Catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from pyruvate.


acetolactate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 pyruvate = 2-acetolactate + CO2.


SAGA complex localization to transcription regulatory region

Any process in which a SAGA complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the transcription regulatory region of a gene.


histidinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol + NAD+ = L-histidine + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD+ = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + H+.


leucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


glyoxylate cycle

A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate.


maintenance of protein location in cell cortex

A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex.


amino acid transmembrane export from vacuole

The directed movement of amino acids out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.


UTP-C complex

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rrp7p, Utp22p, Ckb1p, Cka1p, Ckb2p and Cka2p.


CURI complex

A protein complex that is involved in the transcription of ribosomal genes. In Saccharomyces this complex consists of Ckb2p, Utp22p, Rrp7p and Ifh1p.


i-AAA complex

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases.


A protein complex that is involved in the transfer of the four mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursor. In yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Pbn1p and Gpi14p and in rat this complex consists of PIG-X and PIG-M.


sulfate adenylyltransferase (ADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H+ + sulfate = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate into two nucleotides.


nucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


rRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methylguanine.


L-threonine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH3.


L-serine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine = pyruvate + NH3.


L-serine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


glutathione transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.


regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur cluster assembly.


Rvs161p-Rvs167p complex

A protein complex that is involved in endocytosis in the yeast S. cerevisiae.


mating projection

The projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.


thiamine phosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine phosphate + H2O = thiamine + phosphate.


NatC complex

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Ile, Met-Leu, Met-Trp, or Met-Phe N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Mak3p, Mak10p, and Mak31p.


N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


L-cysteine desulfurase complex

A protein complex capable of cysteine desulfurase activity decomposing L-cysteine to L-alanine and sulfur. It belongs to a ubiquitous family of pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. In E. coli it consists of a SufS dimer.


tRNA thio-modification

The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.


acetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid.


acetate transport

The directed movement of acetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


nitrogen utilization

A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary nitrogen source, usually ammonia, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary nitrogen source and to transport and metabolize alternative nitrogen sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects nitrogen levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize nitrogen-containing substances, and ends when nitrogen is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


negative regulation of ATP-dependent activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


pantothenate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of pantothenate across a membrane. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


pantothenate transmembrane transport

The process in which pantothenate is transported across a membrane. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


D-ribose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose (ribo-pentose).


inorganic phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a inorganic phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


plasma membrane selenite transport

The directed movement of inorganic selenite (HSeO3-1 at physiological pH) across a plasma membrane.


regulation of cell cycle phase transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.


rRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.


lanosterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + lanosterol = CoA + lanosterol ester.


ergosterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + ergosterol = CoA + ergosterol ester.


threonine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-homoserine + H2O = L-threonine + phosphate.


R2TP complex

A highly conserved protein complex comprised of two ATP-dependent DNA helicases (Rvb1p and Rvb2p in yeast, Pontin52 and Reptin52 in humans), Pih1p in yeast or PIH1D1 in humans, and Tah1 in yeast or RPAP3 in humans. The complex associates with Hsp90 and is thought to have a role in assembly of large protein or protein/nucleic acid complexes. In this role it is involved in multiple processes such as box C/D snoRNP biogenesis, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) signaling, RNA polymerase II assembly, and others.


Pwp2p-containing subcomplex of 90S preribosome

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and can interact directly with the 5' External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of the full length pre-rRNA transcript. In S. cerevisiae, it sediments at 25-30 S and is composed of Pwp2p, Dip2p, Utp21p, Utp13p, Utp18p, and Utp6p.


Rad6-Rad18 complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex found to be involved in post-replicative bypass of UV-damaged DNA and UV mutagenesis. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Rad6 and Rad18, a protein containing a RING finger motif and a nucleotide binding motif. The yeast Rad6-Rad18 heterodimer has ubiquitin conjugating activity, binds single-stranded DNA, and possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity.


positive regulation of DNA replication initiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication.


SBF transcription complex

A protein complex that binds to the Swi4/6 cell cycle box (SCB) promoter element, consensus sequence CRCGAAA, and activates transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Swi4p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Whi5p and Msa1p.


donor selection

The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching.


positive regulation of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterochromatin formation at silent mating-type cassette.


negative regulation of actin cortical patch assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin cortical patches.


filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


removal of nonhomologous ends

The removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.


MutSbeta complex

A heterodimer involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH3.


double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding

Binding to a DNA segment that contains double-stranded DNA flanked by a region of single-stranded DNA.


DNA insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an insertion or a deletion.


heteroduplex DNA loop binding

Binding to a DNA segment containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration.


glycerophosphodiester transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerophosphodiesters from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.


The process in which a glycerophosphodiester is transported across a membrane. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.


prefoldin complex

A multisubunit chaperone that is capable of delivering unfolded proteins to cytosolic chaperonin, which it acts as a cofactor for. In humans, the complex is a heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha and four PFD-beta type subunits. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it also acts in the nucleus to regulate the rate of elongation by RNA polymerase II via a direct effect on histone dynamics.


oligosaccharyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a oligosaccharyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


NAD transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of NAD from one side of a membrane to the other.


NAD transmembrane transport

The process in which a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is transported across a membrane; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


The process in which UDP-N-acetylglucosamine is transported across a membrane.


UDP-glucose transmembrane transport

The process in which UDP-glucose is transported across a membrane.


positive regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.


TFIIH-class transcription factor complex binding

Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIIH complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.


TFIIE-class transcription factor complex binding

Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIIE complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.


response to carbon starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of a carbon source.


UMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate.


positive regulation of RNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.


mannan polymerase complex

A protein complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins.


translational frameshifting

A mechanism whereby different proteins may result from a single mRNA molecule, due to a change in the parsing of three nucleotides per codon relative to an initiating AUG codon.


positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches.


cell wall chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.


L-allo-threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-allo-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.


fumarate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + succinate = fumarate + H+ + NADH.


siderophore uptake transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(in) + H+(in).


siderophore transport

The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a D-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino-acid.


cellular detoxification of nitrogen compound

Any cellular process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.


D-amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


mannitol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NAD+ = D-mannose + H+ + NADH.


mannose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.


mannitol transmembrane transport

The directed movement of mannitol across a membrane. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


sorbitol transmembrane transport

The directed movement of sorbitol across a membrane. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose.


lactate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid.


FAD binding

Binding to the oxidized form, FAD, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyruvate = alpha-ketoglutarate + D-lactate, with FAD functioning as an intermediate hydrogen acceptor.


nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex

A protein complex that possesses nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity. The nucleotide can be AMP (in S. pombe and human) or ADP (in S. cerevisiae).


single-species surface biofilm formation

A process in which microorganisms produce an extracellular matrix and form multicellular aggregates at an air-liquid interface.


Ku70:Ku80 complex

Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.


telomerase RNA binding

Binding to the telomerase RNA template.


mitochondrial double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The repair of a double-strand break in mitochondrial DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.


resolution of recombination intermediates

The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during DNA recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.


cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate = 2 pyruvate.


3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


medium-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a medium-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


U2-type post-spliceosomal complex

A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U2 and U6.


inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphosphingolipid + H2O = sphingolipid + phosphorylinositol.


cytochrome-c peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ferrocytochrome c + hydrogen peroxide = 2 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.


proline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


trehalose metabolism in response to heat stress

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor.


Aspartate semialdehyde

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxylic acid group to the amino group of L-aspartic acid 4-semialdehyde.


4-phosphonato-L-aspartic acid(2-)

Dianionic form of 4-phosphonato-L-aspartic acid having carboxylic acid and phosphate functions in anionic form and a protonated nitrogen.


Zwitterionic form of L-homoserine.


peptidyl-proline di-hydroxylation

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form trans-2,3-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-L-proline.


cytidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cytidine, cytosine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cytosine transport

The directed movement of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cytidine transport

The directed movement of cytidine, cytosine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, heme protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a heme protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein].


glycerol-1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol-1-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.


isocitrate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate = glyoxylate + succinate.


acetylglutamate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N-acetyl-5-glutamyl phosphate + NADPH + H+.


ornithine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


Aim21-Tda2 complex

A complex that localizes to actin cortical patches at sites of endocytosis and negatively regulates barbed end F-actin assembly, resulting in the generation of free actin pools. The Aim21-Tda2 complex is necessary for efficient endocytosis and balancing the distribution of actin between patches and cables.


acetate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.


isoleucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


anthranilate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate.


anthranilate synthase complex

A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two components I and two components II. Catalyzes the formation of anthranilate, pyruvate and L-glutamate from chorismate and L-glutamine.


tryptophan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine = L-methionine + tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.


DNA protection

Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress.


ABC-type peptide transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + peptide(in) = ADP + phosphate + peptide(out). Peptides exported include alpha-hemolysin, cyclolysin, colicin V and siderophores from Gram-negative bacteria, and bacteriocin, subtilin, competence factor and pediocin from Gram-positive bacteria.


peptide pheromone export

The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones.


regulation of pseudohyphal growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth.


positive regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-aspartate is the anion derived from aspartic acid.


Rad51C-XRCC3 complex

A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51C and XRCC3, or orthologs thereof.


meiotic DNA recombinase assembly

During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.


COPI coating of Golgi vesicle

The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


regulation of pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion, a signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.


regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of DNA-templated DNA replication, the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized.


protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, metal-dependent

Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate. This reaction requires metal ions.


Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity

Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rab, thereby preventing GTP from binding.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.


high-affinity iron permease complex

A protein complex composed of a multicopper ferroxidase that oxidizes Fe(II) to Fe(III), and a ferric iron permease that transports the produced Fe(III) into the cell. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


arsenate ion transmembrane transport

The process in which arsenate is transported across a membrane.


positive regulation of DNA replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.


G-protein gamma-subunit binding

Binding to a G-protein gamma subunit.


gamma-aminobutyric acid transport

The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


SMC loading complex

A protein complex required for the loading of a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complex, such as cohesin, condensin or SMC5/SMC6, onto DNA. Appears to be eukaryotically conserved.


transcription factor TFIIIB complex

A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIB contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and two Pol III-specific proteins, B'' and BRF.


RNA polymerase III transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region that controls the transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase III. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


RNA polymerase I core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery. This site is often referred to as the CORE element. In mammalian cells, the CORE element functions in conjunction with the Upstream Control Element (UCE), while in fungi, protozoa, and plants, the CORE element functions without a UCE.


Ubp3-Bre5 deubiquitination complex

A protein complex that cleaves ubiquitin from specific substrates. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Ubp3p and Bre5p.


Golgi transport complex

A multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR family (complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods) that has a role in tethering vesicles to the Golgi prior to fusion. Composed of 8 subunits COG1-8.


transcription elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling

A chromatin remodeling process that reestablishes the chromatin structure following the passage of RNA polymerase II during transcription elongation, thus preventing cryptic transcription initiation.


phosphopyruvate hydratase complex

A multimeric enzyme complex, usually a dimer or an octamer, that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate and water.


negative cofactor 2 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that can stably associate with TATA-binding protein on promoters, thereby preventing the assembly of transcription factors TFIIA and TFIIB and leading to repression of RNA polymerase II transcription. The two subunits, NC2alpha (Drap1) and NC2beta (Dr1), dimerize through histone fold domains of the H2A/H2B type present in the amino termini.


Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CC end + 2 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA with a 3' CC end + ATP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + diphosphate.


spliceosome conformational change to release U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11)

Rearrangement of the pre-catalytic spliceosome containing U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) snRNPs to unpair U4 (or U4atac) from U6 (or U6atac) and release it from the spliceosomal complex along with U1 (or U11).


positive regulation of mitotic recombination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.


positive regulation of iron ion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


folic acid-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives.


heme transmembrane transport

The process in which heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


acyl-CoA ceramide synthase complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine. In S. cerevisiae it contains three subunits: lag1, lac1 and lip1.


Shu complex

A protein complex involved in error-free DNA post-replication repair (PRR). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Csm2p, Psy3p, Shu1p, and Shu2p.


putrescine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of putrescine from one side of a membrane to the other. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


spermidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, from one side of a membrane to the other.


putrescine transport

The directed movement of putrescine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


spermidine transport

The directed movement of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to putrescine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-methionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-methionine is 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.


Group I intron splicing

The splicing of Group I introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group I introns and involved in determining the locations of the splice sites (there do not appear to be consensus splice site sequences) as well as having a role in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions, generally with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a linear piece (though it may subsequently circularize).


siderophore-iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(in) + H+(in).


siderophore metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


coenzyme A transport

The directed movement of coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


Catalysis of the ATP-dependent dehydration of t6A to form cyclic t6A.


cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) via the intermediate compound ornithine.


mitochondrial seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


NatA complex

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an N-terminal Ser, Ala, Gly, or Thr residue of a protein acceptor molecule. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat1p and Ard1p, and may contain additional proteins.


N-terminal protein amino acid propionylation

The propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. The prolyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a methionine-accetping tRNA.


endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae.


mitochondrial processing peptidase complex

A protein complex consisting of a regulatory subunit (alpha-MPP) and a catalytic subunit (beta-MPP) that catalyzes the release of N-terminal targeting peptides from precursor proteins imported into the mitochondrion.


homoserine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + ATP = O-phospho-L-homoserine + ADP + 2 H+.


homoserine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


myosin II tail binding

Binding to the tail region of a myosin II heavy chain.


2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate + H2O = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + phosphate.


proline catabolic process to glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate.


inositol phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


intracellular cobalt ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of cobalt ions within a cell.


detoxification of cadmium ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium ion. These may include transport of cadmium away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cadmium ion.


Vma12-Vma22 assembly complex

A protein complex that is involved in the assembly of the V-ATPase complex. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Vma12p and Vma22p.


vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane.


2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantoate + H+ + NADPH.


Cdc42 protein signal transduction

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state.


'de novo' cotranslational protein folding

The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of the ribosome-bound nascent chains of a multidomain protein whilst other parts of the protein are still being translated.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(37) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


tRNA N1-guanine methylation

The process whereby a guanine in tRNA is methylated at position N1 of the guanine.


regulation of translation in response to stress

Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


rixosome complex

A conserved RNA endonuclease complex required for spreading and epigenetic inheritance of heterochromatin. The rixosome contains six unique subunits: three structural subunits (Crb3, Rix1, and Ipi1) which form the core of the complex, and three catalytic subunits (the endonuclease Las1, the polynucleotide kinase Grc3, and the AAA-type ATPase Mdn1), which are involved in the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors. All subunits are essential for viability and are conserved from yeast to mammals, including humans.


Ste12p-Dig1p-Dig2p complex

A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcription regulation of mating genes in the yeast S. cerevisiae.


nuclear cap binding complex

A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export.


Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex

A heterotrimeric H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex with a substrate preference of chromatin over free histones. It contains a subset of the proteins found in the larger NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; for example, the S. cerevisiae complex contains Esa1p, Yng2p, and Epl1p.


The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


pentose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pentose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pentose is a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms.


mannose transmembrane transport

The process in which mannose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.


[cytochrome c]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytochrome c L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cytochrome c N6-methyl-L-lysine. This is the addition of a methyl group to the N6 atom of a lysine residue in cytochrome c.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylitol + NADP+ = D-xylose + NADPH + H+.


1-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


cystathionine beta-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cystathionine + H2O = L-homocysteine + NH3 + pyruvate.


URM1 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier URM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a dinucleotide insertion or deletion.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + UMP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + uracil.


pyrimidine-containing compound salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


intermediate layer of spindle pole body

Structure between the central and outer plaques of the spindle pole body.


protein autosumoylation

The sumoylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.


kynurenine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from kynurenine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate.


L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


dUMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).


negative regulation of mitotic cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.


mRNA 3'-splice site recognition

Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome.


THO complex part of transcription export complex

The THO complex when it is part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp1, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


nucleoplasmic THO complex

The THO complex when it is acting as a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp2, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


inner plaque of spindle pole body

One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the inner plaque is in the nucleus.


positive regulation of cytoplasmic translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.


microtubule nucleation by spindle pole body

The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the spindle pole body.


GPI-anchor transamidase complex

An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxy-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network

A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of tubules having membranes with high curvature in cross-section.


regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiolipin metabolic process.


exopolyphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate(n) + H2O = polyphosphate(n-1) + phosphate.


guanine salvage

Any process that generates guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


Nbp35-Cfd1 ATPase complex

An iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex that is capable of weak ATPase activity. In yeast it consists of two subunits, Nbp35 and Cfd1.


4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 4 iron, 4 sulfur (4Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of four iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.


pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyruvate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


PAM complex, Tim23 associated import motor

Protein complex located on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associated with the TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex (GO:0005744); ATPase motor activity to drive import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix.


regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA ploymerase III.


cellular response to carbon dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.


nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


negative regulation of SNARE complex assembly

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.


regulation of synaptonemal complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptonemal complex assembly. Synaptonemal complex assembly is the cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex, a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination, is formed.


UBR1-RAD6 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of UBR1 and RAD6 components. It polyubiquitinates proteins containing non-acetylated N-terminal residues causing their subsequent degradation by the proteasome as part of the Ac/N-End Rule pathway. It recognizes non-acetylated N-terminal methionine if it is followed by a hydrophobic residue. Additionally, it acts in an N-end rule independent manner as a component of a novel quality control pathway for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes.


ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the N-end rule pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the N-end rule pathway. In the N-end rule pathway, destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) in substrates are recognized by E3 ligases (N-recognins), whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation.


regulation of dipeptide transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of dipeptide transport. Dipeptide transport is the directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNA 3'-end processing

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading mRNAs with incorrectly formed 3'-ends within the nucleus.


regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.


homoisocitrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 3-carboxy-2-hydroxyadipate = NADH + H+ + CO2 + 2-keto-adipate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methyluridine.


rRNA base methylation

The addition of a methyl group to an atom in the nucleoside base portion of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.


glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of the chains with release of beta-D-glucose.


negative regulation of phospholipid translocation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.


cellular response to acetate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form tele-methylhistidine

The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine).


nitrite reductase (NO-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitric oxide + H2O + ferricytochrome c = nitrite + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.


MAP kinase tyrosine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase tyrosine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase tyrosine + phosphate.


nuclear pore cytoplasmic filaments

Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.


ncRNA export from nucleus

The directed movement of a non-coding RNA transcript (ncRNA) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the mitochondrial matrix. An example of this complex is found in Mus musculus.


pantoate-beta-alanine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.


histidine phosphotransfer kinase activity

Serves as a phospho-His intermediate enabling the transfer of phospho group between a hybrid kinase and a response regulator.


protein histidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein phospho-L-histidine.


protein histidine kinase binding

Binding to a protein histidine kinase.


carbon catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


promoter-terminator loop anchoring activity

Bridging together a cis-regulatory element and a terminator DNA sequences on the chromatin, holding two loop anchors together, maintaining a chromatin loop.


nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nitrile + H2O = a carboxylate + NH3. Acts on a wide range of aromatic nitriles including (indole-3-yl)-acetonitrile and some aliphatic nitriles, and on the corresponding acid amides.


inulinase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 2,1-beta-D-fructosidic linkages in inulin.


inulin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inulin.


fructan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


raffinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


Sulfoacetic acid

A carboxyalkanesulfonic acid that is the C-sulfo derivative of acetic acid.


sulfur compound transport

The directed movement of compounds that contain sulfur, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sulfur compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a sulfur compound from one side of a membrane to the other.


Taurine

An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from  methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension.


The alkanesulfonate that is the anion formed from isethionic acid by loss of a proton from the sulfo group; major microspecies at pH 7.3.


oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in some oligosaccharides produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase, and in isomaltose. Releases a free alpha-D-glucose.


DNA/RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex, i.e. a double helix in which a strand of DNA pairs with a complementary strand of RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


negative regulation of strand invasion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.


CST complex

A complex formed by the association of Cdc13 (CTC1 in mammals) with Stn1 in yeast (OBFC1 in mammals) and Ten1 protein (also TEN1 in mammals) with single-stranded telomeric DNA. The CST complex plays a role in telomere protection.


steryl-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside + H2O = D-glucose + cholesterol.


ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.


RNA folding

The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single or multimeric RNAs into the correct tertiary structure.


DNA primase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases.


high-affinity zinc transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other, probably powered by proton motive force. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


Cbf1-Met4-Met28 complex

A heteromeric complex consisting of Cbf1 and basic leucine zipper (bZIP) containing transcriptional activators, Met4 and Met28, that forms over the sequence TCACGTG in the upstream activating sequence (UAS) of genes involved in sulfur amino acid metabolism, resulting in their transcriptional activation.


mitochondrial RNA processing

The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion.


signal peptidase complex

A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and cleaves the signal sequence from precursor proteins following their transport out of the cytoplasmic space.


positive regulation of urea catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of urea catabolic process.


positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process.


INA complex

A protein complex located in the inner membrane of mitochondria that is involved in the assembly of the peripheral (or stator) stalk of the mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as the F1F0 ATP synthase). In budding yeast, this complex includes Ina22p and Ina17p.


mitotic checkpoint complex

A multiprotein complex that functions as a mitotic checkpoint inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). In budding yeast this complex consists of Mad2p, Mad3p, Bub3p and Cdc20p, and in mammalian cells it consists of MAD2, BUBR1, BUB3, and CDC20.


deactivation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint

A positive regulation of the mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition that results from deactivation of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint.


regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: allantoin(out) + H+(out) = allantoin(in) + H+(in) by secondary active transport.


allantoin transport

The directed movement of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


malate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H+.


sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)

The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction step is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) (EC:1.8.4.8).


inositol phosphoceramide synthase complex

A protein complex that possesses inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity and contains a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (Aur1p and Kei1p, respectively, in Saccharomyces).


inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytoceramide + inositol phosphate = inositol phosphoceramide + diacylglycerol.


positive regulation of proline catabolic process to glutamate

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proline catabolic process to glutamate.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk

One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.


peptide pheromone maturation

The generation of a mature, active peptide pheromone via processes unique to its processing and modification. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


A heterodimeric enzyme, composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. Participates in the post-translational C-terminal modification of several small GTPases, allowing their targeting to the membrane.


protein farnesyltransferase complex

A protein complex that possesses protein farnesyltransferase activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families.


RES complex

A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.


UMP/dUMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)UMP = ADP + (d)UDP.


PAN complex

A complex that possesses poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity; catalyzes the message-specific shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails. Contains at least two subunits, known as Pan2p and Pan3p in Saccharomyces.


transcription factor TFIIE complex

A transcription factor which in humans consists of a complex of two alpha and two beta chains. Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and helps activate both RNA polymerase II and TFIIH.


maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


regulation of ribosome biogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.


UDP-glucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


biotin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dethiobiotin + S(2-) = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + biotin + H+.


centromere complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere.


meiotic sister chromatid separation

The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.


positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.


nuclear pore outer ring

A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the outer rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two outer rings each contain multiple copies of the following proteins: Nup133p, Nup120p, Nup145Cp, Nup85p, Nup84p, Seh1p, and Sec13p. In vertebrates, the two outer rings each contain multiple copies of the following proteins: Nup133, Nup160, Nup96, Nup75, Nup107, Seh1, Sec13, Nup43, Nup37, and ALADIN. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup84 complex (S. cerevisiae) or the Nup107-160 complex (vertebrates).


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.


cellular detoxification of aldehyde

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of an aldehyde. These may include transport of aldehydes away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


pre-mRNA branch point binding

Binding to a pre-mRNA branch point sequence, located upstream of the 3' splice site.


A protein complex that catalyzes decarboxylation of 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine to yield 4'-phosphopantetheine; this is the third step in the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A. The complex is homotrimeric in many eukaryotes, but is a heterotrimer in Saccharomyces.


cellular birth scar

Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the daughter cell, in budding fungi, at the site of separation from the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates, thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation.


positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis.


S-methylmethionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of S-methylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other.


S-methylmethionine transport

The directed movement of S-methylmethionine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to furfural

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a furfural stimulus.


DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the DNA replication preinitiation complex, a protein-DNA complex that is assembled at DNA replication origins as part of initiation of DNA replication. The complex consists of proteins that initiate the DNA binding, melt the helix and enable helicase activity.


sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


negative regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


malic enzyme activity

Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of malate with the concomitant production of pyruvate.


malonate(1-) transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of malonate(1-) from one side of a membrane to the other.


isopropylmalate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of isopropylmalate from one side of a membrane to the other.


oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


oxaloacetate transport

The directed movement of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


isopropylmalate transport

The directed movement of isopropylmalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Malonic acid

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.


glucose 1-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 1-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-1.


acid-amino acid ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


glycerol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


arsenite transport

The directed movement of arsenite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


polyol transmembrane transport

The directed movement of polyols, any polyhydric alcohol, across a membrane.


transcription initiation at RNA polymerase III promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase III gene promoter. Transfer RNAs (tRNA) genes, as well as some other non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase III.


L-isoleucine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-isoleucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-isoleucine is (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


RNA lariat debranching enzyme activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of an RNA lariat debranching enzyme.


signal recognition particle receptor complex

A transmembrane heterodimeric protein located in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both subunits contain GTPase domains with which signal recognition particle interacts. In the presence of GTP and SRP receptor, SRP is released from the ribosome-nascent chain complex.


signal recognition particle binding

Binding to a signal recognition particle.


protein phosphatase 2B binding

Binding to a protein phosphatase 2B.


polyamine transport

The directed movement of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


FNIP-folliculin RagC/D GAP

A heterodimeric complex that functions as a GTPase-Activating Protein (GAP) Complex for members of the Rag family of GTPases. In the budding yeast, this complex contains Lst4 and Lst7, while the orthologous mammalian complex contains follicular (FLCN) and either follicular interacting protein 1 (FNIP1) or FNIP2.


mating-type a-factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with the mating-type a-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


Golgi vesicle docking

The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane.


putrescine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be synthesized from arginine or ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.