Metastatic Colon Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the colon and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Childhood Rectal Carcinoma

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A rare carcinoma of the rectum that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm. T3: Tumor invading the pancreas or peripancreatic adipose tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Duodenal web

Partial or complete obstruction of the duodenal lumen due to the presence of a membranous web.


Clostridium sordellii Colitis

Inflammation of the colon resulting from Clostridium Sordelli.


Stage 0 Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: High grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 2 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon and rectum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b.  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectosigmoid cancer recurrent

The reemergence of rectosigmoid carcinoma after a period of remission.


Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ileum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Rectosigmoid Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Metastatic Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises in the colon or rectum that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Colorectal Cowden-Associated Polyp

A hamartomatous polyp that arises from the colon and rectum and it is associated with the presence of Cowden syndrome.


Colorectal Adenoma with Moderate Dysplasia

An adenoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of moderate epithelial dysplasia.


Metastatic Rectal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the rectum and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IV Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T1, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T2, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T3, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T4, N0, N1, N2, M1). T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis in less than 12 nodes. N2: Large mesenteric masses (larger than 2 cm) and/or extensive nodal deposits (12 or greater), especially those that encase the superior mesenteric vessels. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the jejunum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Stage IVC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Chronic Active Colitis

Chronic colitis with superimposed neutrophilic mucosal infiltrates. It is usually seen during exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease.


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Small Intestinal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of small intestinal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Sigmoid Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the sigmoid colon. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


Non-infective Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A disease of the intestines that is inflammatory but not infectious.


Colorectal Inflammatory Polyp

A non-neoplastic polypoid lesion in the colon and rectum.  It may arise in a background of inflammatory bowel disease or colitis.  It is characterized by the presence of a distorted epithelium, inflammation, and fibrosis.


Colorectal Benign Granular Cell Tumor

A benign granular cell tumor that arises from the colon or rectum. It usually presents as a mucosal nodule and is detected incidentally by endoscopy.


Refractory Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the rectum.


Small Intestinal Myeloid Sarcoma

An extramedullary myeloid tumor that arises from the small intestine. It often presents with abdominal pain and obstruction.


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colorectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms).


Unresectable Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Colorectal Carcinoma

A rare colorectal carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Grade 1 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the duodenum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Stage II Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Refractory Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Colon Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colonic glandular epithelium and invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa but not the submucosa.


Colonic tubulovillous adenoma

A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. It is characterized by tubular and villous architectural patterns. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


Small intestine carcinoma stage III

Stage III includes: IIIA (Any T, N1, M0); IIIB (Any T, N2, M0); N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Colorectal Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Refractory Colon Adenocarcinoma

Colon adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Rectal Adenocarcinoma

A rectal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: Any T, N1, M0; IIIB: Any T, N2, M0. N1: Metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in three or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Stage IIIA Small Intestinal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Intestinal Composite Gangliocytoma/Neuroma and Neuroendocrine Tumor

A usually indolent neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises in the intestine. Patients may present with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It is a triphasic tumor consisting of a mixture of epithelioid neuroendocrine cells, Schwann-like cells, and ganglion cell-like elements.


Rectosigmoid Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid area characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin.  Malignant glandular epithelial cells are present in the mucin collections.  Mucin constitutes more than 50% of the lesion.


Stage 0 Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial or invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IVC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a.  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Grade 2 Colon Adenocarcinoma

A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6

Stage Group III is subdivided into IIIA (T1-2, N1, M0), IIIB (T3-4, N1, M0) or IIIC (any T, N2 M0).  T1: Tumor invades the submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum.  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IV Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 1 Colon Adenocarcinoma

A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Carcinoma of sigmoid colon

A carcinoma that arises from the sigmoid colon.


Suspected Necrotizing Enterocolitis

The diagnosis assigned when a health care practitioner feels strongly the patient has necrotizing enterocolitis, but lacks definitive proof.


Colorectal Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


Colorectal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Colorectal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

Microsatellite stable colon carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IIIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small Intestinal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the small intestine and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Small Intestinal High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the small intestine.  It is characterized by moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia and complex architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Congenital atresia of large intestine

A malformation characterized by the absence of a normal opening in a part of the large intestine.


Small Intestinal Low Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the small intestine.  It is characterized by mild epithelial dysplasia and mild architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Locally Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma

A colorectal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage 0 Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma (involvement of lamina propria with no extension through muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Colon Carcinoma

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Colorectal Sarcoma

A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the colon or rectum.  Representative examples include angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Typhlitis

Inflammation of the cecum, usually accompanied by neutropenia.


Stage II Colon Cancer

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4, N0, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage II Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or extending into nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue (mesentery or retroperitoneum) without serosal penetration. For T3 tumors, the nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue is, for the jejunum and ileum, part of the mesentery and, for the duodenum in areas where serosa is lacking, part of the interface with the pancreas. T4: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum or directly invading other organs or structures (e.g., other loops of small intestine, mesentery of adjacent loops of bowel, and abdominal wall by way of serosa; for duodenum only, invasion of pancreas or bile duct). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Small Intestinal Composite Gangliocytoma/Neuroma and Neuroendocrine Tumor

A usually indolent neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises in the small intestine. Patients may present with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It is a triphasic tumor consisting of a mixture of epithelioid neuroendocrine cells, Schwann-like cells, and ganglion cell-like elements.


Cecal Infection

An infectious process affecting the cecum.


Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Rectum

A carcinoma that has spread to the rectum from another anatomic site.


Stage III Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, N2, M0); (T3, N1, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis in less than 12 nodes. N2: Large mesenteric masses (larger than 2 cm) and/or extensive nodal deposits (12 or greater), especially those that encase the superior mesenteric vessels. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Rectal Adenocarcinoma

Rectal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Colon Hodgkin Lymphoma

An extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the colon.


Tubular adenoma of colon

A usually polypoid neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. It is characterized by a tubular architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small intestine carcinoma stage I

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma that arises from the periampullary region and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease.


Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of small intestinal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. Nonadenocarcinomas arising in the small intestine should have a TNM assigned but are not assigned a stage classification. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Colon Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colon carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage III Colon Cancer

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the rectum. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Small Intestinal Adenosquamous Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the small intestine.  It is composed of malignant glandular cells and malignant squamous cells.


Radiation enteritis of intestine

Inflammation of the small intestine caused by radiation exposure.


Colorectal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by low or high grade dysplasia of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of ulcerative colitis.  Such carcinomas are usually multiple and flat.  Histologically, they are usually mucinous or signet-ring cell type.


Colorectal Enterochromaffin Cell Serotonin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the colon or rectum and produces serotonin.


Small intestine carcinoma stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4, N0, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into the nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue (mesentery or retroperitoneum) with extension 2 cm or less.  T4: Tumor perforates the visceral peritoneum or directly invades other organs or structures (including other loops of small intestine, mesentery, or retroperitoneum more than 2 cm, and abdominal wall by way of serosa; for duodenum only, invasion of pancreas or bile duct). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small Intestinal Kaposi Sarcoma

A Kaposi sarcoma that arises from the small intestine.


Grade 2 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


malignant neoplasm of large intestine stage IV

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Duodenal Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma

An extraskeletal osteosarcoma affecting the duodenum.


Stage IV Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Stage IV includes: (Any T, N1, M0, Mitotic rate: Any rate); (Any T, Any N, M1, Mitotic rate: Any rate).  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small Intestinal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the small intestine.


Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Carcinoma in situ of small intestine

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Hypermutated Colorectal Carcinoma

A colorectal carcinoma characterized by a high mutational rate caused by DNA mismatch repair deficiency or POLE/POLD1 driver mutations.


Stage IIA Small Intestinal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into the nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue (mesentery or retroperitoneum) with extension 2 cm or less.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal hyperplastic polyp

A serrated polypoid lesion that arises in the colon and rectum.  It is usually found in the distant colon and it rarely produces symptoms.  This group includes goblet cell rich, mucin poor, and microvesicular hyperplastic polyps.


Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Hyperplastic Polyp

A serrated polypoid lesion that arises in the colon.  It is usually found in the distant colon and it rarely produces symptoms.  This group includes goblet cell rich, mucin poor, and microvesicular hyperplastic polyps.


Colorectal High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia and complex architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Stage IIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Small Intestinal Medullary Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with vesicular nucleus, distinct nucleolus, and abundant pink cytoplasm.


Stage I Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IVA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node). (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Colon Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Stage I Rectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Colorectal Hodgkin Lymphoma

An extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


Small Intestinal Gastrin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells that form pseudorosettes.  The neoplastic cells have uniform nuclei and small amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Unresectable Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma

Small intestinal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Colorectal Adenoma with Severe Dysplasia

An adenoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial dysplasia.


Small intestine carcinoma non-resectable

Carcinoma of the small intestine not amendable to resection.


Grade 1 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Recurrent Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of colorectal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the duodenum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Rectosigmoid Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Stage II Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes IIA (T3, N0, M0) and IIB (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Unresectable Colorectal Carcinoma

A colorectal carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Colorectal L-Cell Glucagon-Like Peptide-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the colon or rectum and produces glucagon-like peptides.  Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming tubular or trabecular patterns.


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIC Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colon Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Colorectal Mucin Poor Hyperplastic Polyp

A serrated hyperplastic polyp that arises from the colon and rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of small cells in the crypts that do not contain mucin.  Reactive epithelial atypia may be present.


Rectosigmoid Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma

An infiltrating adenocarcinoma arising from the rectosigmoid area.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells with prominent intracytoplasmic mucin.  These cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cellular population.


Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the jejunum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Stage IIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1-2, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Jejunal ulcer

A circumscribed inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion in the mucosa surface of the jejunum.


Refractory Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

Microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIB Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


Stage IV Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage III Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, N2, M0); (T3, N1, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis in less than 12 nodes. N2: Large mesenteric masses (larger than 2 cm) and/or extensive nodal deposits (12 or greater), especially those that encase the superior mesenteric vessels. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma of colon recurrent

The reemergence of colon adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Crohn Disease-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of Crohn disease.


Colorectal Villous Adenoma

A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic and rectal mucosa. It is characterized by a villous architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


Rectal Adenoma with Severe Dysplasia

An adenoma that arises from the rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial dysplasia.


Colorectal Ganglioneuroma

A ganglioneuroma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It usually presents as a small mucosal polyp.


Stage IIIA Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma of colon metastatic

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colon and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of small intestine

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor that arises from the small intestine.  It usually affects adults over fifty years of age.  The majority of cases have spindle cell morphology.  The prognosis depends on the tumor size and the mitotic activity.


Rectal Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


Locally Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

A microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Rectal Serrated Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant infiltrate with serrated glandular architecture.


Advanced Rectal Carcinoma

Rectal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Colon Ganglioneuroma

A ganglioneuroma that arises from the colon.  It usually presents as a small mucosal polyp.


Unresectable Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Colorectal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Colorectal Goblet Cell Rich Hyperplastic Polyp

A serrated hyperplastic polyp that arises from the colon and rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of goblet cells and the absence of microvacuolated columnar cells.  There is no evidence of epithelial atypia or dysplasia.


Stage IIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

An invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin pools that contain malignant glandular epithelial structures.  The extracellular mucin pools occupy more than 50% of the malignant lesion.


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colorectal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the colon and rectum. Appendiceal carcinomas, anal carcinomas, and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) are not covered by this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Sarcomatoid Carcinoma

A biphasic colorectal carcinoma with a spindle cell, sarcomatoid component.


Stage IIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colorectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to large intestine

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the large intestine.  This may be from a primary large intestine malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Crohn's disease of small intestine

Crohn's disease affecting the small intestine.


Refractory Rectal Carcinoma

Rectal carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIIB Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N2, M0. N2: Metastasis in three or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Juvenile Polyp

A non-neoplastic hamartomatous polyp that arises from the rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of tortuous and cystically dilated glands, edematous changes, and inflammation.


Intestinal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the small or large intestine.


Colorectal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the colon or rectum.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Rectal Serrated Lesions and Polyps

Polyps that arises from the rectum. They are characterized by the presence of serrated glands and the absence of generalized dysplasia.


Colon cancer recurrent

The reemergence of colon carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Colorectal adenocarcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of an ileal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This classification system applies to small bowel "carcinoid" tumors (NET G1 and G2, and rare well-differentiated G3) arising in the ileum. This classification system does not apply to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas, and neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lipoma of small intestine

A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the small intestine.  It usually arises from the submucosa and occasionally protrudes into the lumen.


Refractory Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Colorectal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Rectum

An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the rectum.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Stage II Rectal Cancer

Stage II includes IIA (T3, N0, M0) and IIB (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Peutz-Jeghers Polyp

A non-neoplastic hamartomatous polyp that arises from the colon and rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of smooth muscle branching bands, and cystic mucosal changes.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to small intestine

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the small intestine from another anatomic site.


Small Intestinal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by the presence of intracytoplasmic mucus.


Stage IVA Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Duodenal cancer recurrent

The reemergence of a malignant duodenal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma

Rectal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Ulcerative Colitis Flare

An exacerbation of ulcerative colitis.


Stage III Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine.


Rectal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial or invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Colitis due to radiation

Inflammation of the colon resulting from irradiation.


Grade 3 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with less than 50% glandular formation.


Microsatellite Stable Rectal Carcinoma

Rectal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Colorectal Tubular Adenoma

A usually polypoid neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic and rectal mucosa. It is characterized by a tubular architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


Stage I Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N0, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0).  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage III Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Oligometastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Stage IIA Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or extending into nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue (mesentery or retroperitoneum) without serosal penetration. For T3 tumors, the nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue is, for the jejunum and ileum, part of the mesentery and, for the duodenum in areas where serosa is lacking, part of the interface with the pancreas. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

Microsatellite stable colon carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IV Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Ileal Web

The formation of tissue in the lumen of the ileum that results in partial obstruction.


Stage I Colon Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IVC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Short segment Hirschsprung's disease

The most common form of Hirschsprung Disease, this is characterized by a lack of nerve cells in the sigmoid colon and rectum. The bowel is not stimulated without innervation and obstruction ensues. Surgical intervention is necessary.


Colorectal Adenoma-Like Adenocarcinoma

A well differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma with good prognosis. It resembles a villous adenoma on the surface.


Colorectal Schwannoma

A schwannoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It may cause gastrointestinal bleeding and luminal obstruction.


Stage I Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6 and v7


Stage IV Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Small Intestinal Villous Adenoma

A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the small intestine. It is characterized by a villous architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


Stage IIIA Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High); (T4, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: Low).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor more than 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal cancer recurrent

The reemergence of colorectal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Colon Enterochromaffin Cell Serotonin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the colon and produces serotonin.


Stage IIIB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Duodenal carcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of duodenal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ileum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Transverse Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the transverse colon. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small Intestinal Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that arises from the small intestine.


Stage IVA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node). (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


A rare, invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of rectum

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the rectum.  This may be from a primary large intestine malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Stage IIB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the mucosa or submucosa only and is equal or less than 1 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectosigmoid Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma arising from the rectosigmoid area.  It is more frequently seen in populations with a Western type diet and in patients with a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.  Signs and symptoms include intestinal bleeding, anemia, and change in bowel habits.  According to the degree of cellular differentiation, rectosigmoid adenocarcinomas are divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated.  Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma.


Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage I Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Stage I includes: T1 or T2, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: Low.  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm, but not more than 5 cm, in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Advanced Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIB Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Stage IIIB includes: (T2, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High); (T3, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High); (T4, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High).  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm, but not more than 5 cm, in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor more than 5 cm, but not more than 10 cm, in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor more than 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colon Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colon carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Small intestine carcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of small intestine carcinoma after a period of remission.


Rectal Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Stage IIIB Small Intestinal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N2, M0. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Colorectal Adenoma with Mild Dysplasia

An adenoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of mild epithelial dysplasia.


Stage IIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Low Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by mild epithelial dysplasia and mild architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Refractory Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Rectal squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Grade 3 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with less than 50% glandular formation.


Stage II Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

A microsatellite stable carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma (involvement of lamina propria with no extension through muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T1, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T2, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T3, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T4, N0, N1, N2, M1). T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis in less than 12 nodes. N2: Large mesenteric masses (larger than 2 cm) and/or extensive nodal deposits (12 or greater), especially those that encase the superior mesenteric vessels. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colon Adenoma with Severe Dysplasia

An adenoma that arises from the colon.  It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial dysplasia.


Rectal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A rare, aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Small Intestinal Somatostatin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

A somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the small intestine.


Small Intestinal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the small intestine.  It is composed of malignant glandular cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Often, the infiltrating glandular structures are associated with mucoid stromal formation.


Colorectal Poorly Cohesive Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colorectal mucosa and is characterized by the presence of isolated malignant cells or malignant cells that form small aggregates.


Intestinal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the small or large intestine.  It is characterized by low or high grade dysplasia of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Congenital Abnormality of the Large Intestine

A malformation in any part of the large intestine that is present at birth.


Necrotizing Enterocolitis Totalis

A severe and often fatal form of necrotizing enterocolitis, in which diffuse ischemia, necrosis, and pneumatosis intestinalis are evident in the small and large intestine. Short bowel syndrome is common among survivors.


Stage IIB Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum or directly invading other organs or structures (e.g., other loops of small intestine, mesentery of adjacent loops of bowel, and abdominal wall by way of serosa; for duodenum only, invasion of pancreas or bile duct). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Sporadic Serrated Polyp

A term that refers to a group of polypoid lesions in the colon and rectum that are characterized by the presence of serrated architecture of the epithelial component.  This group includes hyperplastic polyps, traditional serrated adenomas, and sessile serrated adenomas/polyps.


Rectal Epithelioid Cell Melanoma

An epithelioid cell melanoma arising from the rectum.


Stage IVB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Colon

An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the colon.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a duodenal neuroendocrine tumor according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum. Carcinomas of the duodenum, including high-grade (grade 3), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas are not included in this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

A microsatellite stable carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a jejunal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This classification system applies to small bowel "carcinoid" tumors (NET G1 and G2, and rare well-differentiated G3) arising in the jejunum. This classification system does not apply to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas, and neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Juvenile Polyp of the Small Intestine

A non-neoplastic hamartomatous polyp that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of tortuous and cystically dilated glands, edematous changes, and inflammation.


Stage IIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Large intestinal mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the large intestine.


Grade 5 Alcohol Intolerance, CTCAE

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Death


Thyroid-Binding Globulin Excess

Supranormal concentration of thyroid-binding globulin.


Variant Autoimmune Hepatitis

A form of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) that has features of overlapping cholestatic autoimmune liver diseases including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), or autoimmune cholangitis (AIC).


Childhood Paranasal Sinus Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the paranasal sinus that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Salivary Gland Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the salivary gland that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Nasal Cavity Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the nasal cavity that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Craniopharyngioma

A craniopharyngioma that occurs during childhood.  The vast majority of cases are adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas.  Clinical signs and symptoms include endocrine deficiencies and visual disturbances.


Sialoblastoma

A rare, congenital or perinatal, aggressive and potentially low-grade malignant basaloid neoplasm that occurs in the major salivary glands. It typically presents as a mass over the angle of the mandible. Most involve the parotid gland.


Bone Erdheim-Chester Disease

Erdheim-Chester disease affecting the bone.


Grade 3 Gastrointestinal Stoma Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 2 Conjunctiva Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Conjunctiva Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 5 Conjunctiva Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 4 Conjunctiva Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 3 Conjunctiva Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 1 Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

Asymptomatic; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated


Esophageal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by bleeding from the esophagus.


Grade 2 Esophageal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Moderate symptoms; intervention indicated


Grade 4 Esophageal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated


Grade 3 Esophageal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Transfusion indicated; invasive intervention indicated; hospitalization


Grade 1 Esophageal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Mild symptoms; intervention not indicated


Grade 5 Esophageal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Death


Recurrent Childhood Optic Nerve Glioma

The reemergence of optic nerve glioma in childhood after a period of remission.


Childhood Intracranial Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises within the skull and occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Childhood Visual Pathway Glioma

The reemergence of visual pathway glioma in childhood after a period of remission.


Childhood Supratentorial Neoplasm

A neoplasm that affects the supratentorial region of the brain and occurs during childhood.


Benign Childhood Brain Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the brain during childhood.


Refractory Childhood Brain Neoplasm

A childhood brain neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Childhood Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma

An atypical choroid plexus papilloma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Pineal Parenchymal Cell Neoplasm

A pineal parenchymal cell neoplasm that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Gliomatosis Cerebri

Gliomatosis cerebri that occurs during childhood.


Supratentorial Ependymoma, YAP1-MAMLD1 Fusion-Positive

A supratentorial ependymoma characterized by a gene fusion involving YAP1 and MAMLD1 genes.


Metastatic Childhood Malignant Brain Neoplasm

A childhood malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain and has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Recurrent Childhood Gliomatosis Cerebri

The reemergence of gliomatosis cerebri in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Brain Neoplasm

The reemergence of brain neoplasm in childhood after a period of remission.


Childhood Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation

A pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Cerebral Ependymoma, Not Otherwise Specified

An ependymoma, not otherwise specified that arises from the cerebral hemispheres and occurs during childhood.


Childhood Brain Anaplastic Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma that arises from the brain and occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Childhood Visual Pathway Astrocytoma

The reemergence of visual pathway astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Childhood Brain Oligodendroglioma

An oligodendroglioma that arises from the brain and occurs during childhood.


Childhood Brain Glioblastoma

A brain glioblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Malignant Brain Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the brain during childhood.


Metastatic Childhood Malignant Neoplasm in the Brain

A childhood malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to the brain.


Childhood Brain Neoplasm

A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm of the brain occurring in children.


Benign Childhood Supratentorial Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the supratentorial region of the brain during childhood.


Childhood Cerebral Diffuse Astrocytoma

A diffuse astrocytoma that arises from the cerebral hemispheres and occurs during childhood.


Advanced Childhood Malignant Brain Neoplasm

A childhood malignant brain neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Recurrent Childhood Optic Nerve Astrocytoma

The reemergence of optic nerve astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Cerebral Astrocytoma

The reemergence of cerebral astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Benign Childhood Cerebral Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the cerebral hemispheres during childhood.


Grade 2 Teeth Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Retropharyngeal Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the retropharyngeal space.


Malignant Retropharyngeal Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the retropharyngeal space.


Benign Retropharyngeal Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm that arises from the retropharyngeal space.


Grade 4 Rectal Perforation, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated


Rectal Perforation, CTCAE 5.0

A disorder characterized by a rupture in the rectal wall.


Grade 2 Rectal Perforation, CTCAE

Invasive intervention not indicated


Grade 5 Rectal Perforation, CTCAE

Death


Grade 3 Rectal Perforation, CTCAE

Invasive intervention indicated


Grade 2 Infant Sedation, AE

An adverse event in a newborn characterized by moderate sedation; limiting interactions and minor changes in feeding behavior; requiring increased monitoring.


Infant Sedation, AE

An adverse event in a newborn characterized by a state of a lowered level of consciousness.


Grade 4 Infant Sedation, AE

An adverse event in a newborn characterized by life-threatening sedation with cardiorespiratory instability; requiring urgent care change.


Grade 3 Infant Sedation, AE

An adverse event in a newborn characterized by severe sedation, major changes in feeding behavior; requiring support other than oral feeding (e.g. tube feeding).


Grade 1 Infant Sedation, AE

An adverse event in a newborn characterized by mild, self-limiting or transient sedation or sleepiness; transient loss of interactions; not requiring care change.


Group B Streptococcal Infection, Late-Onset

Infection of an infant from seven days to three months of life caused by Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae).


Group B Streptococcal Infection, Early-Onset

Infection of an infant from birth to less than seven days of life caused by Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) from a colonized mother.


Stage IVC Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Umbilical hernia with gangrene

A protrusion of necrotic tissue through the abdominal wall under the skin near the umbilicus.


Grade 2 Dermal Change Lymphedema or Phlebolymphedema, CTCAE


Cerebral abscess

A bacterial, fungal, or parasitic abscess that develops in the cerebral hemispheres. Causes include skull trauma, middle ear infection, congenital heart disease, and frontal and ethmoid sinus infection.


Epithelioid Schwannoma

A schwannoma characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, within a myxoid and/or hyalinized stroma.


Cardenolide

A steroid lactone that is a C23 steroid with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a butenolide ring at C-17.


cardenolide glycoside

Any member of the class of cardenolides with glycosyl residues attached to position 3.


Grade 2 Vaginal Infection, CTCAE

Oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Adult Brain

A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to the brain in an adult patient.


Adult Brain Glioblastoma

A brain glioblastoma that occurs during adulthood.


Recurrent Childhood Glioblastoma

The reemergence of glioblastoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Supratentorial Glioblastoma

The reemergence of supratentorial glioblastoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Glioblastoma

The reemergence of glioblastoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Gliosarcoma

The reemergence of gliosarcoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Glioblastoma, IDH-Wildtype

The reemergence of glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Giant Cell Glioblastoma

The reemergence of giant cell glioblastoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Small Cell Glioblastoma

The reemergence of small cell glioblastoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Giant Cell Glioblastoma

The reemergence of giant cell glioblastoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Gliosarcoma

The reemergence of gliosarcoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant, Grade 4

The reemergence of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, Grade 4, after a period of remission.


Recurrent Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27M-Mutant

The reemergence of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant, after a period of remission.


Congenital anomaly of the urinary tract proper

An abnormality of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra that is present at birth. Representative examples include renal hypoplasia, renal agenesis, accessory kidney, absence of ureter, atresia of bladder neck, and atresia of urethra.


Urachal remnant

Remaining collapsed and obliterated urachal tissue between the bladder dome and umbilicus.


Posterior Urethral Valves Type 1

A posterior urethral valve extending from the vera montanum towards the distal meatus.


Posterior Urethral Valves Type 3

A posterior urethral valve, presumed to result from incomplete canalization of the urethra, that is located immediately distal to the vera montanum.


Congenital Renal Hypoplasia

The underdevelopment of otherwise normal renal parenchyma, characterized by decreased nephron size and possibly a decreased number of nephrons at birth.


Prostatic Duct Urothelial Carcinoma

An urothelial carcinoma that arises from the urothelial lining of the prostatic ducts.


Ann Arbor Stage II Supradiaphragmatic Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of kidney

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the kidney.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Solitary mass

A single isolated mass.


Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity stage I

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage I Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Grade 5 Hyperglycemia, CTCAE

Death


Grade 4 Infections and Infestations - Other, Specify, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated


Grade 3 Rectum Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Refractory Childhood Osteosarcoma

Childhood osteosarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


(+)-Thalidomide

A 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione that has R-configuration at the chiral centre.


Benign Extrahepatic Bile Duct Non-Epithelial Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts tissues, excluding the epithelial tissue.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Fibroma

A benign neoplasm arising from the extra hepatic bile duct. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts.


Benign Extrahepatic Bile Duct Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples include leiomyoma and lipoma.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Benign Granular Cell Tumor

A benign granular cell tumor that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma

A cutaneous melanocytic neoplasm composed of heavily pigmented epithelioid and dendritic cells, with metastatic potential limited to regional lymph nodes. It can occur as a sporadic lesion or in patients with Carney complex. (WHO 2018)


Grade 3 or 4 Elevation of AST, ALT, and/or Bilirubin

A finding of grade 3 or 4 AST, Grade 3 or 4 ALT, and/or grade 3 or 4 bilirubin.


Grade 3 Sinus Bradycardia, CTCAE

Symptomatic, intervention indicated


Sinus Bradycardia, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by a dysrhythmia with a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute that originates in the sinus node.


Grade 1 Sinus Bradycardia, CTCAE

Asymptomatic, intervention not indicated


Grade 2 Sinus Bradycardia, CTCAE

Symptomatic, intervention not indicated; change in medication initiated


Grade 5 Sinus Bradycardia, CTCAE

Death


follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of thyroid gland

A rare follicular dendritic cell sarcoma involving the thyroid gland. It may be associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.


Acquired hallux valgus

A non-congenital deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe.


Moderate Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

A chronic lung disorder associated with pulmonary maldevelopment, scarring, and/or inflammation that develops in preterm neonates exposed to supplemental oxygen for at least 28 days. For infants born before 32 weeks gestation with moderate BPD, there is a supplemental oxygen requirement of less than 30% at 36 weeks postmenstrual age or earlier discharge. For infants born after 32 weeks with moderate BPD, there is a supplemental oxygen requirement of less than 30% at 56 days post-natal age or at earlier discharge.


Kidney Lymphangioma

A rare lymphangioma arising from the kidney.


Prostate Hemangioma

A rare hemangioma that arises from the prostate gland.


Vulvar Congenital Melanocytic Nevus

A benign nevus that arises from the vulva and is present at birth.


Congenital small melanocytic nevus

A congenital nevus of small size, with a diameter smaller than 1.5 cm. It presents as a macular, papular or plaque-like lesion.


Proliferative dermal lesion in congenital nevus

A benign proliferation of epithelioid or spindled melanocytes usually in the upper or mid dermis in a background of congenital melanocytic nevus. The congenital melanocytic nevus is usually of the deep type, involving the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. It presents as a dark plaque or nodule above a giant congenital melanocytic nevus.


Central Nervous System Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Grade 1

A solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the central nervous system. It corresponds most often to the collagenous and low cellularity spindle cell tumor which was diagnosed as central nervous system solitary fibrous tumor in the past.


Stomach Mass

An abnormal growth located in the stomach.


Duodenum Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 3 Duodenum Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 2 Duodenum Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 4 Duodenum Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 5 Duodenum Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 2 Peritoneal Cavity Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Refractory Fungal Infection

A fungal infection that is resistant to treatment.


Renal Benign Mesenchymoma

A benign mesenchymoma arising from the kidney.


Mild Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

A chronic lung disorder associated with pulmonary maldevelopment, scarring, and/or inflammation that develops in preterm neonates exposed to supplemental oxygen for at least 28 days. For infants born before 32 weeks gestation with mild BPD, there is no supplemental oxygen requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age or earlier discharge. For infants born after 32 weeks with mild BPD, there is no supplemental oxygen requirement at 56 days post-natal age or at earlier discharge.


H influenze type B Pneumonia

Pneumonia that is attributed to the bacteria H influenze type B.


Collapsed Lung

Atelectasis of an entire lung.


Somatoform autonomic dysfunction - respiratory tract

A respiratory malfunction for which mental factors play a causative role.


Acute pneumonia

Acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, radiation treatment, or exposure to chemicals.  Signs and symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, fevers, chills, chest pain, headache, sweating, and weakness.


Non-Neoplastic Lung Disorder

A lung disorder not caused by a neoplasm. Representative examples include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atelectasis, lung infections, pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumoconiosis.


Follicular Bronchitis/Bronchiolitis

A non-neoplastic disorder characterized by the formation of reactive lymphoid follicles adjacent to distal bronchi and bronchioles.  It presents with mild shortness of breath and is associated with immunodeficiency syndromes and collagen vascular disorders.


COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia

Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is characterized by the presence of ground glass opacities on CT scan images.


Congenital anomaly of lung

A malformation in the lung that is present at birth. Representative examples include pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary agenesis, congenital lobar emphysema, and alveolar capillary dysplasia.


Pulmonary alveolitis

Inflammation of the alveoli of the lung.


Respiratory Failure Related to Neuromuscular Disorder

Impaired gas exchange by the respiratory system resulting in hypoxemia and decreased oxygenation of the tissues that may be associated with increased arterial levels of carbon dioxide; the respiratory failure is due to a neuromuscular disorder.


Paracicatricial Emphysema

The development of dilated terminal airspaces in the lung adjacent to parenchymal scarring.


Chronic obstructive asthma (with obstructive pulmonary disease)

Chronic airway obstruction caused by asthma.


Steroid-Refractory Pneumonitis

Pneumonitis that does not respond to corticosteroid therapy.


Tuberculous bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis that develops in patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis.  It is usually associated with healed scars but occasionally may be seen in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.


Severe acute respiratory infection

A respiratory infectious disorder that leads to an acute illness that requires medical attention.


Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia that results in severe respiratory complications. The infants with severe symptoms are usually premature, have low birth weight, and the oxygen and ventilation support requirements are increased.


Pneumonia due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Pneumonia that is caused by Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to methicillin treatment.


Asbestos-Related Lung Disorder

A disorder affecting the lungs due to asbestos exposure. Examples include asbestosis and lung carcinoma.


Toxoplasma Pneumonia

Pneumonia caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.  It usually presents as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients, especially patients with AIDS.  It is rare in immunocompetent individuals.  Signs and symptoms include cough, fever, and dyspnea.