Liothyronine

An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.


Levothyroxine

The L-enantiomer of thyroxine.


Imiquimod

An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.


Hydroxychloroquine

An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.


Pratensein

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones in which isoflavone is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 5, 7, and 3' positions, and by a methoxy group at the 4' position.


A member of the class of imidazoles carrying tert-butyl, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl and 6-methylpyridin-2-yl substituents at positions 2, 4 and 5 respectively.


Tafamidis

A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as its meglumine salt) for the amelioration of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis.


Taltirelin

An oligopeptide comprising of (4S)-1-methyl-2,6-dioxohexahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, L-histidine and L-prolinamide joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog. Its tetrahydrate form is approved in Japan for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy.


Hexamethylene diisocyanate

A diisocyanate compound with the two isocyanates linked by a hexane-1,6-diyl group.


1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate

An  acetate ester that is chavicol acetate substituted by an acetoxy group at position 1'.


Acetaldehyde

The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.


Allyl isothiocyanate

An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.


Ridaura

An S-glycosyl compound consisting of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose with the sufur atom coordinated to (triethylphosphoranylidene)gold. It is administered orally for the treatment of active progressive rheumatoid arthritis.


The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.


Benzyl bromide

A member of the class of benzyl bromides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with bromine.


Bromoacetone

An alpha-bromoketone that is acetone in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a bromine atom. A poweful lachrymator, it was formerly used as a chemical weapon.


Chloropicrin

A C-nitro compound that is nitromethane in which all three hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It is a severe irritant, and can cause immediate, severe inflammation of the eyes, nose and throat, and significant injuries to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Formerly stockpiled as a chemical warfare agent, it has been widely used in the US as a soil fumigant, particularly for strawberry crops. It is not approved for use within the European Union.


Dibutyl Phthalate

A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of  butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.


Methylglyoxal

A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.


Methyl Isocyanate

The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent.


9-nitro-9E-octadecenoic acid

A nitro fatty acid that is (9E)-octadec-9-enoic (elaidic) acid substituted by a nitro group at position 9.


Thymol

A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.


Acrolein

An enal that is prop-2-ene with an oxo group at position 1.


l-Menthol

A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1R,2S,5R)-stereochemistry. It is the most common naturally occurring enantiomer.


2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate

An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.


SKF-96365 free base

An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.


N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid

An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-pentylcinnamoyl group. It is a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blocker and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor.


Clemizole

A member of the class of  benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl and a 4-chlorobenzyl groups at positions 2 and 1 respectively.


Englerin A

A guaiane sesquiterpenoid that is isolated from the bark of Phyllanthus engleri, a plant native to Tanzania and Zimbabwe. It acts as a potent and specific inhibitor of renal cancer cell growth.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specifed as stearoyl and arachidonoyl respectively.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as stearoyl and linoleoyl respectively.


20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.


Flufenamate

A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of flufenamic acid.


Pyrazolo-pyrimidine 14a [PMID: 29859875]


A nucleotide-sugar having ADP as the nucleotide fragment and 2-O-acetyl-D-ribofuranos-5-yl as the sugar component.


cyclic ADP-ribose

A cyclic purine nucleotide that is synthesised from NAD+ by ADP-ribosyl cyclase; acts as an agonist at ryanodine receptors.


Econazole

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.


Miconazole

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.


Sphinganine

A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.


pentafluoro-trityl clotrimazole analogue 29a


Sphingosine

A sphing-4-enine in which the double bond is trans.


Isosakuranetin

A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).


Primidone

A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an  anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.


A phenanthrol that is phenanthrene in which a hydrogen attached to a carbon in the central ring has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


Adenosine Phosphate

A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.


Citric Acid

A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.


Malic Acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.


Piperine

A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.


Camphor

A cyclic monoterpene ketone that is bornane bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. A naturally occurring monoterpenoid.


4-Ethyl-1,4-dihydro-5-[[(2-methoxyethyl)thio]carbonyl]-6-methyl-2-phenyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


Capsazepine

A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.


Tranilast

An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.


Verbascoside

A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.


A tertiary carboxamide that is piperazine in which one of the amino groups has undergone condensation with the carboxy group of N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-L-serine, while the other has undergone condensation with the carboxy group of N-(1-benzothiophen-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-leucine. It is a cell-permeable, potent and selective agonist of the TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) channel.


Puerarin

A hydroxyisoflavone that is  isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a C-glycosidic linkage.


4alpha-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate

A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted to the corresponding decanoate esters. A Trpv4-specific ligand.


Propofol

A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.


Ethanol

A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.


Cabazitaxel

A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 10-deacetylbaccatin III having O-methyl groups attached at positions 7 and 10 as well as an O-(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl group attached at position 13. Acts as a microtubule inhibitor, binds tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly and simultaneously inhibits disassembly.


Docetaxel

A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.


Eribulin

A fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of marine sponge natural products. Inhibits growth phase of microtubules via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism, which leads to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage


Ixabepilone

A macrocycle that is a lactam analogue of epothilone B. Binds directly to beta-tubulin subunits on microtubules, leading to suppression of microtubule dynamics.


Vincristine

A vinca alkaloid with formula C46H56N4O10 found in the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus. It is used (commonly as the corresponding sulfate salt)as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, breast cancer and head and neck cancer.


Miglustat

A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.


Lesinurad

A member of the class of triazoles that is [(3-bromo-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid substituted at position 1 of the triazole ring by a 4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl group. Used for treatment of gout.


Reserpine

An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.


Tetrabenazine

A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.


Clodronic Acid

An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.


Calcitriol

A hydroxycalciol that is calcidiol in which the pro-S hydrogen of calcidiol is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the active form of vitamin D3, produced fom calciol via hydoxylation in the liver to form calcidiol, which is subsequently oxidised in the kidney to give calcitriol.


Calcipotriol

A seco-cholestane that is 26,27-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10,22-tetraene carrying additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 3 and 24. It is used (as its hydrate) in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.


Doxercalciferol

A hydroxy seco-steroid and synthetic vitamin D2 analogue that undergoes metabolic activation in vivo to form 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D2), a naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D2. It is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which the body produces excess parathyroid hormone (PTH; a natural substance needed to control the amount of calcium in the blood) in certain people with chronic kidney disease.


Tacalcitol

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol which carries hydroxy groups at positions 1S and 24R. It is a vitamin D3 analog which is used for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in adults, especially on the scalp.


Dicumarol

A hydroxycoumarin that is methane in which two hydrogens have each been substituted by a 4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl group. Related to warfarin, it has been used as an anticoagulant.


Phenprocoumon

A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.


Warfarin

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.


Conivaptan

The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).


SATAVAPTAN

A vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist that has been shown to improve hyponatremia in patients with cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.


Tolvaptan

A benzazepine derivative incorporating a benzenedicarboxamide function whch is a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist used to treat euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. It is also used in the treatment of rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease to slow the rate of cyst development and renal insufficiency. Tolvaptan is a racemate consisting of a 1:1 mixture of 5R and 5S stereomers.


Enoxacin

A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.


Allopurinol

A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.


Febuxostat

A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.


FLICE-like inhibitory protein subunit p12


FLICE-like inhibitory protein subunit p43


glycoprotein hormone common alpha subunit


arginine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of arginine at the amino group, the carboxy group, or the guanidyl group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of arginine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing arginine residues.


L-arginine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-arginine at the amino group, the carboxy group, or the guanidyl group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-arginine by a heteroatom.


A 16-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 16 has alpha-configuration.


organic anion

Any organic ion with a net negative charge.


alkanesulfonate oxoanion

An alkanesulfonate in which the carbon at position 1 is attached to R, which can represent hydrogens, a carbon chain, or other groups.


organophosphate oxoanion

An organic phosphoric acid derivative in which one or more oxygen atoms of the phosphate group(s) has been deprotonated.


Salicylate

Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.


1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate

An alkanesulfonate in which the carbon at position 1 is attached to at least two hydrogens.


organosulfonate oxoanion

An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.


Carbamate

Any ester of carbamic acid or its N-substituted derivatives.


monocarboxylic acid anion

A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated.


carboxylic acid anion

The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.


aromatic amino-acid anion

An aromatic amino acid whose alpha-carboxylic acid group is ionized (non-protonated).


A steroid compound with a structure based on a 27-carbon (cholestane) skeleton.


icosanoid

Any member of the group of signalling molecules arising from oxidation of the three C20 essential fatty acids (EFAs) icosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA).


A prostanoid-LPC that is the ammonium betaine of a 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.


nonclassic icosanoid

Any biologically active signalling molecule made by oxygenation of C20 fatty acids other than the classic icosanoids (the leukotrienes and the prostanoids).


lipoxin

A nonclassic icosanoid and signalling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid.


A HPETE that consists of (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 5.


A HETE that is icosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12. It is a metabolite of arachidonic acid.


Prostaglandin

Naturally occurring compounds derived from the parent C20 acid, prostanoic acid.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as (9S,11R)-epidioxy-(15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,13E)-prostadienoyl.


HETE

Any monohydroxylated icosanoid having four double bonds.


12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

The (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-stereoisomer of 12-HETE.


prostanoid

The family of natural prostaglandins and prostaglandin-like compounds including prostacyclins and thromboxanes.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as (5Z,13E,15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oyl


leukotriene

Any icosanoid from that family of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives generated by leukocytes from arachidonic acid, each member having four double bonds of which three are conjugated.


HPETE

Mono-hydroperoxy (e)icosatetraenoic acids (HPETEs) are the primary products of lipoxygenase-catalysed oxygenation of arachidonic acid.


A HETE that is (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-15-hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 15.


isoflavonoid

Any 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 3. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


isoflavones

Any isoflavonoid with a 3-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (3-aryl-4H-chromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Any methoxyisoflavone which has a methoxy group at the 4-position of the phenyl substituent.


methoxyisoflavone

Members of the class of isoflavones with at least one methoxy substituent.


Any methoxyisoflavone that has a methoxy group at the 7-position of the isoflavone moiety.


hydroxyisoflavans

A member of the class of isoflavans in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.


isoflavans

Any isoflavonoid with a 3,4-dihydro-3-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


A hydroxyisoflavone compound having a hydroxy group at the 7-position.


hydroxyisoflavone

Member of the class of isoflavones bearing at least one hydroxy group.


disulfide

Compounds of structure RSSR'.


organic disulfide

Compounds of structure RSSR in which R and R' are organic groups.


statin (semi-synthetic)

A statin that is derived from a naturally occurring statin by partial chemical synthesis.


L-histidine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from the formal reaction of L-histidine at the amino group, carboxy group, or the imidazolyl moiety, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-histidine by a heteroatom.


cyclitol

A polyol consisting of a cycloalkane containing at least three hydroxy groups, each attached to a different ring carbon atom.


myo-inositol phosphate

An inositol phosphate in which the inositol component has myo-configuration.


D-Ofloxacin

The (R)-enantiomer of ofloxacin.


Either of the two diastereoisomers of 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine in which the imidazol-1-ylmethyl group and the aryloxymethyl group are in a cis relationship to each other - i.e. they are both on the same side of the plane of the dioxolane ring. The antifungal drug ketoconazole is a racemic mixture of the two cis diastereoisomers.


Either of the two diastereoisomers of 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine in which the imidazol-1-ylmethyl group and the aryloxymethyl group are in a trans relationship to each other - i.e. they are on opposite sides of the plane of the dioxolane ring. (N.B. The antifungal drug ketoconazole is a racemic mixture of the two cis diastereoisomers.)


Levofloxacin

An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.


trans-Ketoconazole

A 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine in which the dioxolane ring has R configuration at positions 2 and 4.


(+)-Ketoconazole

A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.


Retinal

A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.


saturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess.


A 1-acyl-2-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl and alkyl groups at posiitons 1 and 2 are specified respectively as hexadecanoyl and methyl.


branched-chain saturated fatty acid

Any saturated fatty acid with a carbon side-chain or isopropyl termination.


straight-chain saturated fatty acid

Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain.


trans,trans-Farnesol

The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of  farnesol.


(E,Z)-farnesol

The (2E,6Z)-stereoisomer of farnesol.


dibenzooxazepine

An organic heterotricyclic compound consisting of two benzene rings fused to a seven-membered ring containing one oxygen and one nitrogen atom.


organic heterotricyclic compound

An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms.


paralytic shellfish toxin

An alkaloid compound that is 2,6-diamino-4-methyl-pyrollo[1,2-c]-purin-10-diol produced by several cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, which can result in paralytic shellfish poisoning when ingested.


(+)-Tetrabenazine

A 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one in which both stereocentres have R configuration.


A member of the class of rifamycins that is obtained by formal N-hydroxylation at position 2' of rifampicin.


benzochromenone

A benzochromene in which the heterotricyclic ring system is substituted by an oxo group.


Phenothiazine

The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.


imidazobenzodiazepine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound that is any benzodiazepine which is ortho-fused with a imidazole.


Rifaximin

A semisynthetic member of the class of rifamycins and non-systemic gastrointestinal site-specific broad spectrum antibiotic. Used in the treatment of traveller's diarrhoea, hepatic encephalopathy and irritable bowel syndrome.


psoralens

A furanocoumarin with a 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


furanocoumarin

Any furochromene that consists of a furan ring fused with a coumarin. The fusion may occur in different ways in give several isomers.


O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-rifampicin

O-(ADP-D-ribosyl) derivative of rifampicin; major species at pH 7.3.


A benzocycloheptapyridine that is benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 3 and 10 by bromines, at position 8 by chlorine, and at position 11 by an N-acetylpiperidin-4-yl group in which one of the hydrogens of the acetyl moiety has been replaced by a 1-carbamoylpiperidin-4-yl group.


thienotriazolodiazepine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound constructed from fused thiophene, triazole and diazepeine rings.


27-O-Demethylrifamycin SV

A member of the class of rifamycins that is rifamycin SV lacking the O-methyl group at position 27.


(S)-etodolac

The S-enantiomer of etodolac. It is a preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, whereas the enantiomer, (R)-etodolac, is inactive. The racemate is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain.


(R)-Carprofen

The (R)-(-)-enantomer of carprofen.


The (S)-(+)-enantiomer of carprofen.


pyrroloquinoxaline

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyrrole ring fused to a quinoxaline ring system.


thianthrenes

An organic heterotricyclic compound containing a thianthrene skeleton.


furanochromone

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is chromone which is ortho-fused to a furan ring and its substituted derivatives thereof.


Thianthrene

The organosulfur heterocyclic compound that is the parent compound of the thianthrenes, a tricyclic structure comprising two benzene rings fused to the b and e sides of 1,4-dithin.


pyridochromene

An organic heterotricyclic compound composed of a pyridine ring fused to a chromene.


phenanthridines

Any  dibenzopyridine based on the skeleton of phenanthridine and its substituted derivatives thereof.


pyrimidobenzodiazepine

Any three-ring heterocyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to a benzodiazepine bicycle.


A member of the class of rifamycins that is rifamycin itself in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 21 has been replaced by a phosphono group.


diazepinoindole

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a diazepine ring fused to an indole.


(R)-Etodolac

The R-enantiomer of etodolac. It is inactive, in contrast to the enantiomer, (S)-etodolac, which is a preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The racemate is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain.


beta-carbolines

Any pyridoindole containing a beta-carboline skeleton and their hydrogenated derivatives


A 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one in which both stereocentres have S configuration.


harmala alkaloid

Any member of a class of naturally occurring alkaloids based on a 1-methyl-9H-beta-carboline skeleton.


A 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide that has R configuration. It is the inactive enantiomer.


benzofuropyrimidine

An organic heterotricyclic compound in which pyrmidine is ortho-fused to a bicyclic benzofuran ring.


azepinoindole

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of an azepine ring fused to an indole.


benzoquinolizine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a quinolizine fused to a benzene ring.


A furanocoumarin which bears a methoxy group at position 5.


dibenzodioxine

Oxanthrene (formerly dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxine) and its derivatives.


pyridobenzodiazepine

Any three-ring heterocyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyridine ring ortho-fused to a benzodiazepine.


dibenzodiazepine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of two benzene rings fused to a diazepine ring.


pyrazoloquinoline

Any organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a pyrazole ring ortho-fused to a quinoline.


naphtho-alpha-pyrone

Any naphthopyran whose skeleton consists of a naphathalene ring system ortho-fused to an alpha-pyrone.


A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.


triazolobenzodiazepine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound that is any benzodiazepine which is ortho-fused with a triazole.


naphthopyran

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyran ring ortho-fused to a naphthalene.


oxadiazoloquinoxaline

An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of an oxadiazole ring ortho-fused at any position to a quinoxaline ring system.


thioxanthenes

Thioxanthene and its substitution derivatives.


oxazinoquinoline

Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a skeleton comprised of an oxazine ring fused onto a quinoline system.


pyrrolopurine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyrrole ring fused to a purine ring system.


A 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide that has S configuration It is the active enantiomer.


gamma-aminooctyl-GTP

A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which one of the OH groups at the gamma-position of the triphosphate is replaced by an 8-aminooctylamino group.


A methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate in which the 4-position has (R)-configuration.


isoprenoid

Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives.


(S)-(-)-Citronellal

The (3S)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enal (citronellal).


Nerylneryl pyrophosphate

A polyprenol diphosphate having geranylgeranyl as the polyprenyl component.


ginsenoside

Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.


Retinyl octanoate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol.


sesquiterpene lactone

Any member of a diverse class of complex, multicyclic phytochemicals showing a variety of skeleton arrangements and bioactivities, and having in common a sesquiterpenoid structure including a lactone ring.


Tocotrienol

A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.


Geranyl phosphate

A prenol phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the terminal allylic hydroxy group of a polyprenol with 1 mol eq. of phosphoric acid.


polyprenol

Any member of the class of  prenols possessing the general formula H-[CH2C(Me)=CHCH2]nOH in which the carbon skeleton is composed of more than one isoprene units.


triterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a triterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C30 skeleton of the parent triterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


cyclic monoterpene ketone

A cyclic terpene ketone in which the terpene specified is monoterpene.


Cucurbitacin S

Any one of a class of tetracyclic triterpenoids, formally derived from the triterpene hydrocarbon cucurbitane, developed by some plants (especially those of the family Cucurbitaceaeas) as a defence mechanism against herbivores.


tetracyclic diterpenoid

A diterpenoid with a tetracyclic skeleton.


monoterpene ketone

A terpene ketone derived from a monoterpene.


3,4-Didehydroretinoic acid

A retinoid obtained by 3,4-desaturation of beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinoic acid


(-)-Abscisic acid

The (1'R)-(-) enantiomer of abscisic acid, which does not occur naturally.


sesquiterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a sesquiterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C15 skeleton of the parent sesquiterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


Vitamin A palmitate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.


tetracyclic triterpenoid

Any triterpenoid consisting of a tetracyclic skeleton.


Retinyl dodecanoate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of dodecanoic (lauric) acid with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol.


secoiridoid

An iridoid monoterpenoid in which a bond in the cyclopentane ring has been cleaved.


picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid

A group of sesquiterpenoids whose structure is based on a hexahydroindane skeleton, as exemplified by picrotin.


hexacyclic triterpenoid

A triterpenoid that consists of a hexacyclic ring system.


secoiridoid glycoside

A glycoside of any secoiridoid.


monoterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a monoterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C10 skeleton of the parent monoterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


phorbol ester

Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.


prenols

Any alcohol possessing the general formula H-[CH2C(Me)=CHCH2]nOH in which the carbon skeleton is composed of one or more isoprene units (biogenetic precursors of the isoprenoids).


Vitamin A2

A retinoid derived from 3,4-desaturation of the beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinol.


15-Demethyl plumieride

One of a class of monoterpenoids biosynthesized from isoprene and often intermediates in the biosynthesis of alkaloids. Iridoids usually consist of a cyclopentane ring fused to a six-membered oxygen heterocycle; cleavage of a bond in the cyclopentane ring gives rise to the subclass known as secoiridoids.


diterpene glycoside

A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.


A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).


retinoid

Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.


thujane monoterpenoid

Any  monoterpenoid based on a thujane skeleton.


vitamin A myristate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol.


terpenoid

Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group.


sesquarterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a sesquarterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C35 skeleton of the parent sesquarterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


cyclic terpene ketone

An alicyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure forms part of a terpene skeleton.


(-)-Camphor

The S-enantiomer of camphor.


ent-kaurane diterpenoid

A diterpenoid compound having an ent-kaurane skeleton.


(R)-(+)-Citronellal

The (3R)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enal (citronellal).


Abscisic acid

The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.


terpene glycoside

A terpenoid in which one or more hydroxy functions are glycosylated.


apo carotenoid

A compound arising from loss of part of the carotene skeleton (excluding retinoids)


A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).


Retinyl heptanoate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of heptanoic acid with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol.


all-trans-retinyl ester

A retintinyl ester in which all double bonds of the retinyl side-chain have trans-configuration.


terpene ketone

Any terpenoid which contains a keto group.


Menthol

Any secondary alcohol that is one of the eight possible diastereoisomers of 5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-ol.


diterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


alpha-thujone

The rel-(1R,4S,5S)-stereoisomer of  thujone.


labdane diterpenoid

Any diterpenoid with a labdane skeleton.


triterpenoid saponin

A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a triterpenoid.


CID 139031571

Any apo carotenoid sesquiterpenoid that is 3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted at position 5 by a 1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl group and in which the acyclic double bond between positions 4 and 5 has E-configuration.


Camphor (synthetic)

The (R)- enantiomer of camphor.


A thujane monoterpenoid that is thujane substituted by an oxo group at position 3.


polyazaalkane

Any azaalkane in which two or more carbons in the chain are replaced by nitrogen.


A spermidine in which four carbon atoms have been replaced by the (13)C isotope.


alkane-alpha,omega-diamine

A primary diamine that is ethane or a higher alkane in which a hydrogen of each of the terminal methyl groups has been replaced by an amino group. H2NCH2(CH2)nCH2NH2, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 2-acyl group contains 20 carbons and 5 double bonds.


A 1-glycosyltriazole in which the glycosyl residue is specified as ribosyl.


A 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol that is the S-enantiomer of SKF 38393.


A 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol that is the R-enantiomer of SKF 38393.


cholane derivative

Any steroid (or derivative) based on a cholane skeleton.


A steroid compound with a structure based on a 24-carbon (cholane) skeleton.


trihydroxyflavanone

A hydroxyflavanone carrying three hydroxy substituents.


Naringenin

The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.


The (R)-enantiomer of naringenin.


carbotetracyclic compound

A carbopolyclic compound comprising of four carbocyclic rings.


aminodiol

An amino alcohol having two hydroxy functional groups.


A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.


An aminodiol composed of any octadecene having hydroxy functional groups at positions 1 and 3 and an amino substituent at position 2.


sphingenine

A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.


CID 31270

A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.


An aminodiol that is octadecane bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 3 as well as an amino substituent at position 2.


arenesulfonic acid

Organic derivatives of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon of an aryl group.


cortistatins

Any member of a class of steroidal alkaloids obtained from the marine sponge Corticium simplex, with a basic skeleton that is (5R,8beta)-5,8-epoxy-9,19-cyclo-9,10-secoandrostane, bearing a dimethylamino substituent at position 3 and an isoquinolin-7-yl or isoquinolin-7-yl-derived substituent at position 17. They selectively inhibit proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 24.


A 5-[(2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine in which the chiral centre has R configuration.


Levamlodipine

The (4S)-enantiomer of amlodipine.


A 7-[3-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]heptanoic acid that is the (3R,4S)-enantiomer of BW 245C.


Hydantoin

An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.


A 7-[3-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]heptanoic acid that is the (3S,4R)-enantiomer of BW 245C.


imidazolidinone

An imidazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.


An N-acylethanolamine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of any monounsaturated fatty acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.


N-acylethanolamine 18:1

An N-acylethanolamine in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond.


benzenetriol

A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.


gallate ester

A benzoate ester that is any ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) with an alcoholic or phenolic hydroxy group.


steroid sulfate

A sulfuric ester obtained by the formal condensation of a hydroxy group of any steroid with sulfuric acid.


amine

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


(S)-(+)-clenbuterol

The (S)-enantiomer of clenbuterol.


(R)-Dobutamine

The (R)-enantiomer of dobutamine.


Pyrrole

A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.


enamine

An amine RNR'R'' where R has a double bond adjacent to the amine nitrogen.


A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.


secondary amine

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


primary arylamine

A primary amine formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an aryl group. R-NH2 where R is an aryl group.


aralkylamine

An alkylamine in which the alkyl group is substituted by an aromatic group.


Levdobutamine

The (S)-enantiomer of dobutamine.


Parnate

A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.


(R)-Clenbuterol

The (R)-enantiomer of clenbuterol.


amino fatty acid

A fatty acid containing at least one amino substituent.


alpha-amino fatty acid

A fatty acid with an amino substituent at position C-2.


omega-amino fatty acid

Any fatty acid n atoms long having an amino substituent at position n (omega).


amphetamines

Amines that constitute a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine.


primary amine

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydrocarbyl group.


alkylamines

Any amine formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by alkyl groups.


tertiary amine

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


Diacylglycerol

A glyceride that is glycerol in which any two of the hydroxy groups have been acylated. In the structure shown, two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


diacylglycerol 36:2

A diglyceride in which the two acyl groups contain a total of 36 carbons and 2 double bonds.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-icosatetraenoyl.


Epigoitrin

A 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has R-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis.


5beta-cholanic acids

Members of the class of cholanic acids based on a 5beta-cholane skeleton.


hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid

Any member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids carrying at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.


dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid

A hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid carrying two hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


bile acid

Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration.


bile acids

Any member of a group of hydroxy steroids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration, while in lower vertebrates, some bile acids, known as allo-bile acids, have 5alpha-configuration.


dihydroxycholanic acid

Any member of the class of cholanic acids carrying two hydroxy substituents at unspecified positions.


hydroxynaphthoquinone

Any naphthoquinone in which the naphthaoquinone moiety is substituted by at least one hydroxy group.


Any member of the class of 1,4-naphthoquinones in which the naphthoquinone moiety is substituted by at least one hydroxy group.


Butopamine

A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the most active of the four diastereoisomers that make up the animal feed additive ractopamine.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:1 in which the acyl group is specified as oleoyl and is located at either position 1 or 2.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:1 in which the acyl group is specified as oleoyl and is located at position 2.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3 in which the acyl group at position 1 is (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoyl (meadoyl) and the hydroxy group at position 2 is unsubstituted.


Foradil

An N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide in which both of the stereocentres have S configuration.


An optically active form of nemonapride having (2S,3S)-configuration.


An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2.


diester

A diester is a compound containing two ester groups.


(S)-Nisoldipine

A methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate that has S configuration.


(S)-Nicardipine

The S-enantiomer of nicardipine.


(R)-Nisoldipine

A methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate that has R configuration.


(R)-Nicardipine

The R-enantiomer of nicardipine.


chromanol

Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.


tocol

A chromanol with a chroman-6-ol skeleton that is substituted at position 2 by a saturated or triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units.


carboxamidine

Compounds having the structure RC(=NR)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic nomenclature to denote the -C(=NH)NH2 group including its carbon atom.


chlorobenzophenone

A member of the class of benzophenones that is any substituted benzophenone in which at least one of the substituents is a chlorine.


anilines

Any  aromatic amine that is benzene carrying at least one amino substituent and its substituted derivatives.


Mosapride, (R)-

A 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide that has (R)-configuration.


(R)-aminoglutethimide

The (3R)-enantiomer of aminoglutethimide.


aminotoluene

Any member of the class of  toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.


A 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide that has (S)-configuration.


KYNURENINE

A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.


fluorenes

An ortho-fused polycyclic arene in which the skeleton is composed of two benzene rings ortho-fused to cyclopentane.


tetrol

A polyol that contains 4 hydroxy groups.


Pyrazine

A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


An  oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.


Tramadol

A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.


(s)-Salmeterol

2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which the stereocentre has S configuration.


(r)-Salmeterol

2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which the stereocentre has R configuration.


A member of the class of benzofurans consisting of a 1-benzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


hydroxybenzoic acid

Any benzoic acid carrying one or more phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring.


monohydroxybenzoic acid

Any hydroxybenzoic acid having a single phenolic hydroxy substituent on the benzene ring.


dihydroxybenzoic acid

Any member of the class of  hydroxybenzoic acids carrying  two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.


proanthocyanidin

A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans.


DL-Phenylalanine

An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoyl.


polyatomic cation

A cation consisting of more than one atom.


A lysophosphatidylcholine(0:0/16:1) in which the 2-acyl group is specified as (9Z)-hexadecenoyl.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 2-acyl group contains 18 carbons and 2 double bonds.


phosphocholines

Any compound having phosphocholine as part of its structure.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3/0:0 in which the acyl group at position 1 is specified as (8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatrienoyl.


lysophosphatidylcholine 28:1

An  lysophosphatidylcholine  in which the remaining acyl group contains 28 carbons with 1 double bond. If R1 is an acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is an acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as capryl (decanoyl).


lysophosphatidylcholine 14:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group is specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.  If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:4 in which the acyl group is specified as arachidonoyl and is located at position 2.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl.


A 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 1-acyl group contains 18 carbons and 2 double bonds.


lysophosphatidylcholine 22:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 22 carbons and 0 double bonds. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 1-acyl group contains 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.


A  2-acylglycerophosphocholine in which the glycerol moiety has sn stereochemistry and which has an unspecified acyl group attached at the 2-position.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as (9Z,12Z)-heptadecadienoyl.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine obtained by hydroxylation at position 11 of 1-O-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


Any member of the class of lysophosphatidylcholines which has a free hydroxy group at the 1-position of the glycerol moiety.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as heptanoyl.


lysophosphatidylcholine 20:5

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons and 5 double bonds. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 22:6 in which the docosahexaenoyl group is located at position 1.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 14:0 in which the acyl group specified is myristoyl. The major species at pH 7.3.


lysophosphatidylcholine 18:3

An acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons with 3 double bonds. If R1 is an acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is an acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 2-acyl group contains 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.


lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group has a fully saturated C16 chain and is attached to the glycero moiety at either position 1 or 2.


lysophosphatidylcholine 22:4

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group (position not specified) contains 22 carbons and 4 double bonds.


lysophosphatidylcholine (20:2/0:0)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:2 in which the acyl group is located at position 1.


lysophosphatidylcholine 14:2

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 14 carbons and 2 double bonds. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 22:6 in which the acyl group is specified as (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl and is located at position 2.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as nonadecanoyl.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 22:6 in which the remaining acyl group is (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoyl.


The ammonium betaine of a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH; major species at pH 7.3.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 2-acyl group contains 16 carbons and is fully saturated.


An lysophosphatidylcholine derived from epoxidation across the double bond of 1-O-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as dodecanoyl.


A PC(18:3/0:0) in which the 1-acyl group is specified as alpha-linolenoyl.


lysophosphatidylcholine 15:1

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position unspecified) contains 15 carbons and 1 double bond.


lysophosphatidylcholine 28:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group is specified as octacosanoyl (montanoyl). If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:2 in which the acyl group is specified as (11Z,14Z)-icosadienoyl and is located at position 1.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 24:0 in which the acyl group is specified as tetracosanoyl and is located at position 1.


A glycerophosphocholine having an unspecified O-acyl substituent at the 1-position of the glycerol fragment.


Any member of the class of lysophosphatidylcholines which has a free hydroxy group at the 2-position of the glycerol moiety.


lysophosphatidylcholine 18:4

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group (position not specified) contains 18 carbons and 4 double bonds.


lysophosphatidylcholine 22:1

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 22 carbons and 1 double bond. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


lysophosphatidylcholine (0:0/20:3)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3 in which the acyl group is located at position 2.


lysophosphatidylcholine 15:0

An acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group contains fifteen carbons with no double bonds and is attached to the glycero moiety at either position 1 or 2.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 in which a hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl) group is attached to the glycero moiety at position 1.


lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group has a fully saturated C18 chain and is attached to the glycero moiety at either position 1 or 2.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as tertadecanoyl (myristoyl).


A lysophosphatidylcholine with defined stereochemistry where the position of the acyl group is unknown.


lysophosphatidylcholine 20:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 20 carbons and 0 double bonds. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


lysophosphatidylcholine 22:2

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 22 carbons and 2 double bonds. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as caproyl (hexanoyl).


A 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 1-acyl group contains 16 carbons and 1 double bond.


A glycerophosphocholine having an unspecified acyl group attached at the 2-position.


A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group (position not specified) is (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl. Formula:C26H52NO8P.


lysophosphatidylcholine (18:3/0:0)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:3 in which the acyl group is located at position 1.


(S)-Bethanechol

The (S)-enantiomer of bethanechol.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 22:6 in which the acyl group is specified as docosahexaenoyl and is located at position 2.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as 9-oxononanoyl.


lysophosphatidylcholine 22:6

An acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group (position not specified) contains 22 carbons with 6 double bonds.


A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group (position not specified) is linoleoyl.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 16:1 in which the acyl group is specified as (9Z)-hexadecenoyl and is located at either position 1 or 2.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 2-acyl group contains 16 carbons and 1 double bond.


lysophosphatidylcholine (22:5/0:0)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 22:5 in which the acyl group is located at position 1.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of azelaic acid with the 1-hydroxy group of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoyl.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:4 in which the acyl group at position 1 is (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoyl (arachidonoyl) and the hydroxy group at position 2 is unsubstituted.


A 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 1-acyl group contains 20 carbons and 5 double bonds.


lysophosphatidylcholine 22:5

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group (position not specified) contains 22 carbons with 5 double bonds.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as lauroyl (dodecanoyl)


A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:4 in which the the acyl group at position 1 is specified  as (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoyl.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 16:1 in which the 1-acyl group is (9E)-hexadecenoyl.


lysophosphatidylcholine (20:3/0:0)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3 in which the acyl group is located at position 1.


lysophosphatidylcholine 17:2

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position unspecified) contains 17 carbons and 2 double bonds.


lysophosphatidylcholine 26:1

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 26 carbons and 1 double bond.


A 1-icosenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the the double bond of the icosenoyl group is at the 11-12 position and has Z configuration.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group at position 2 is specified as acetyl.


lysophosphatidylcholine 16:1

An lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group is hexadecenoyl (position of double bond not specified). If R1 is hexadecenoyl and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is hexadecenoyl then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


lysophosphatidylcholine 20:1

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 20 carbons and 1 double bond. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


An lysophosphatidylcholine derived from epoxidation across the double bond of 1-O-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


lysophosphatidylcholine 20:2

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 20 carbons and 2 double bonds. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


lysophosphatidylcholine 17:0

An  lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group contains seventeen carbons and no double bonds. If R1 is an acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolaminecholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is an acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


lysophosphatidylcholine (18:1/0:0)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:1 in which the acyl group is located at position 1.


lysophosphatidylcholine 16:3

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position unspecified) contains 16 carbons and 3 double bonds.


A  1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the  1-acyl group is (10Z)-heptadecenoyl.


glycerophosphocholine

The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health.


lysophosphatidylcholine (0:0/18:3)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:3 in which the acyl group is located at position 2.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 2-acyl group contains 18 carbons and is fully saturated.


lysophosphatidylcholine 20:4

An acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 20 carbons with 4 double bonds.


lysophosphatidylcholine (18:2/0:0)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 in which the acyl group is located at position 1.


phosphatidylcholine (0:0/20:1)

A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine which carries a monounsaturated 20 carbon fatty acyl group at position 2. The position of unsaturation is unspecified.


lysophosphatidylcholine 19:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group has a fully saturated C19 chain and is attached to the glycero moiety at either position 1 or 2.


lysophosphatidylcholine 15:2

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position unspecified) contains 15 carbons and 2 double bonds.


An acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group (with no specified position) is alpha-linolenoyl. Formula:C26H48NO7P.


A 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 1-acyl group contains 18 carbons and is fully saturated.


lysophosphatidylcholine 18:1

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 18 carbons with 1 double bond.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as 5-oxovaleroyl.


ammonium ion derivative

A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc).


lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group (position not specified) contains 18 carbons and 2 double bonds.


lysophosphatidylcholine 6:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group is specified as hexanoyl (caproyl). If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl) and is located at position 2.


lysophosphatidylcholine 26:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 26 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 17:0 in which the acyl group at position 1 is 1-heptadecanoyl and the hydroxy group at position 2 is unsubstituted.


Any lysoglycerophosphocholine having an oxidized fatty acyl chain at sn-2. Major species at pH 7.3.


lysophosphatidylcholine (16:1/0:0)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 16:1 in which the acyl group is located at position 1.


lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons with 3 double bonds. If R1 is an acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is an acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of azelaic acid with the 1-hydroxy group of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as pentadecanoyl.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 in which the acyl group at position 1 is (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as icosanoyl.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:1 in which the acyl group is located at position 1.


lysophosphatidylcholine 19:1

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position unspecified) contains 19 carbons and 1 double bond.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 14:1 in which the remaining acyl group is (9Z)-tetradecenoyl.


(R)-Bethanechol

The (R)-enantiomer of bethanechol.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:1 in which the acyl group specified as position 1 is (11Z)-octadecenoyl.


acylcholine

A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid.


A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group is specified as octanoyl.


A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine obtained by hydroxylation at position 8 of 1-O-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


An sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine compound having a palmitoyl substituent at the 1-hydroxy position


lysophosphatidylcholine 24:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 24 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 22:4 in which the acyl group is specified as (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoyl and is located at position 1.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:1 in which the acyl group is at position 1 is elaidoyl [(9E)-octadec-9-enoyl] and the hydoxy group at position 2 is unsubstituted.


A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine carrying one alkyl and one acyl group in unspecified positions. Major species at pH 7.3.


lysophosphatidylcholine 24:1

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 24 carbons and 1 double bond.


lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3/0:0

A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group at C-1 contains 20 carbons and 3 double bonds.


lysophosphatidylcholine (0:0/18:1)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:1 in which the acyl group is located at position 2.


lysophosphatidylcholine 17:1

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 17 carbons and 1 double bond. If R1 is acyl and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is acyl then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


lysophosphatidylcholine 16:2

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 16 carbons and 2 double bonds. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 in which the acyl group is specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl) and is located at position 2.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 in which the acyl group is specified as linoleoyl and is located at position 2.


A  1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 1-acyl group is (9Z)-hexadecenoyl (palmitoleoyl).


A 1-acyl-2-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl and alkyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified respectively as arachidonoyl and palmityl.


cholines

A quaternary ammonium ion based on the choline ion and its substituted derivatives thereof.


The ammonium betaine of a 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH; major species at pH 7.3.


lysophosphatidylcholine 14:1

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group contains 14 carbons and 1 double bond. If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


lysophosphatidylcholine (22:4/0:0)

A lysophosphatidylcholine 22:4 in which the docosatetraenoyl group is located at position 1.


lysophosphatidylcholine 19:2

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group (position unspecified) contains 19 carbons and 2 double bonds.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 22:5 in which the acyl group at position 1 is (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl and the hydroxy group at position 2 is unsubstituted.


quaternary ammonium ion

A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups.


A secondary amino compound that is ammonia in which nitrogen is substituted by a 1-(4-methoxy-3-sulfamoylphenyl)propan-2-yl group and a 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl group.


icosatetraenoic acid

A 20-carbon, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four double bonds at unspecified positions.


Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.


Quinoxaline

A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.


glycerolipid

Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached.


A monoglyceride in which the acyl substituent is located at position 1.


monoradylglycerol

Any lipid that is glycerol bearing a single acyl, alkyl or alk-1-enyl substituent at an unspecified position.


A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl group is specified as oleoyl.


1-lysophosphatidic acid

Any member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids which has a free hydroxy group at the 1-position of the glycerol moiety.


monoacylglycerol phosphate

Derivatives of phosphoglycerols which have only one of the alcohol groups of the glycerol backbone ester-linked with a fatty acid.


An acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate in which a single acyl substituent is located at position 2.


triradylglycerol

A glycerol compound having one of three possible substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at each of the three possible positions sn-1, sn-2 or sn-3. has functional parent glycerol (CHEBI:17754), children: triglyceride (CHEBI:17855). Parent: is_a glycerolipid (CHEBI:35741)


glyceride

Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.


lysophosphatidylserine

An acylglycerophosphoserine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylserine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl. Formula C7H13NO9PR, where R represents the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acyl group.


2-acylglycerol 20:4

A 2-monoglyceride in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.


monoacylglycerol 18:1

A monoglyceride in which the acyl group contains a total of 18 carbon atoms and 1 double bond.


A 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate(2-) in which the 1-acyl group is also oleoyl.


monooleoylglycerol

A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in which the acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2 are specified as gamma-linolenoyl and oleoyl respectively.


2-acylglycerol 18:1

A 2-monoglyceride in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond.


A phosphatidic acid (36:2) in which both acyl groups are specified as octadec-9-enoyl.


lysophosphatidic acid

A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.


A 3-acyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl group is (9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl.


1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate

A glyceride in which any one of the R groups (position not specified) is an acyl group while the remaining two R groups can be either H or alkyl groups.


glycerophospholipid

Any glycerolipid having a phosphate group ester-linked to a terminal carbon of the glycerol backbone.


lysophosphatidic acids

Any monoacylglycerol phosphate obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid or derivatives therein.


Triglyceride

Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.


A monoglyceride in which the acyl substituent is located at position 2.


phosphatidic acid 36:2

A phosphatidic acid in which the two acyl groups contain a total of 36 carbons and 2 double bonds.


An sn-glycerophosphoserine compound having an acyl substituent at the 1-hydroxy position.


1-acylglycerol 18:1

A 1-monoglyceride in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond.


diradylglycerol

Any lipid that is glycerol bearing two substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at any two of the three possible positions.


monoacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

An sn-glycero-3-phosphate compound having a single unspecified acyl group at either position 1 or position 2.


phosphatidic acid

A derivative of glycerol in which one hydroxy group, commonly but not necessarily primary, is esterified with phosphoric acid and the other two are esterified with fatty acids.


(S)-idazoxan

An idazoxan that has S configuration.


hemisuccinate

A succinate ester in which only one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid has been esterified.


Cholecalciferol

Any member of a group of fat-soluble hydroxy seco-steroids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D  can be obtained from sun exposure, food and supplements and is biologically inactive and converted into the biologically active calcitriol via double hydroxylation in the body.


D3 vitamins

A vitamin D that is calciol or its hydroxylated metabolites calcidiol and calcitriol. Calciol (also known as vitamin D3) acts as a hormone precursor, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.


thiazolidinediones

A thiadiazolidine in which the 1,3-thiazolidine ring is substituted by two oxo groups.


dichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.


A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of econazole.


A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of econazole.


clonidine (amino form)

A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.


(S)-Miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has S) configuration.


(R)-Miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has R configuration.


Lorglumide, (S)-

An N(2)-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-N,N-dipentyl-alpha-glutamine that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is lorglumide, a CCK antagonist).


A pyrazolylpiperidine that consists of 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine carrying a 2-amino-3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]pyridin-5-yl group at the 4-position of the pyrazole ring.


capsaicinoid

A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.


Triazine

Compounds based on a triazine skeleton.


Any compound with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 3 and 5 of the core benzene ring structure.


Any member of the class of 1,3,5-triazines that consists of a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton substituted by two amino groups.


Quinazoline

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA

A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-hydroxy fatty acid.


guanyl ribonucleotide

A purine ribonucleotide where the purine is guanine.


fatty acyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any fatty acid.


purine ribonucleotide

Any ribonucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.


acyl-CoA

A thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid.


omega-carboxyacyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.


adenyl ribonucleotide

A purine riboncleotide where adenine is the purine.


hydroxyacyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxycarboxylic acid.


hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxy fatty acid.


An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.


Cardenolide

A steroid lactone that is a C23 steroid with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a butenolide ring at C-17.


cardenolide glycoside

Any member of the class of cardenolides with glycosyl residues attached to position 3.


hydroxyindoles

Any member of the class of  indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group.


onium betaine

Neutral molecules having charge-separated forms with an onium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom.


ammonium betaine

Any neutral molecule having charge-separated forms with a quaternary ammonium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom.


Dexfenfluramine

The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.


dipeptide

Any molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


trans-Stilbene

Any olefinic compound characterised by a 1,2-diphenylethylene backbone.


straight-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid whose skeletal carbon atoms form an unbranched open chain.


linolenic acid

A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.


octadecadienoic acid

Any straight-chain, C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid having two C=C double bonds.


octadecatrienoic acid

Any trienoic fatty acid having eighteen carbons.


Tetranabinex

A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin.


synthetic cannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid that consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occuring cannabinoids.


phytocannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid which are C21 terpenophenolic compounds isolated primarily from Cannabis sativa.


endocannabinoid

A class of cannabinoids present in mammalian biological fluids and tissues that activate cannabinoid receptors.


gamma-lactone

A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring.


butenolide

A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Any gamma-lactone having the lactone moiety derived from 4-hydroxybutanoic acid.


A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by (1-phenylethyl)amino and 4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively.


diarylmethane

Any compound containing two aryl groups connected by a single C atom.


Dextromethadone

A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.


Fluorobenzene

Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.


A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.


gastrin

A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that stimulate the secretion of gastric acid. Gastrin is found primarily in three forms: gastrin-34 ('big gastrin'), gastrin-17 ('little gastrin') and gastrin-14 ('minigastrin').


caprolactams

A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a seven-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.


An  alkaloid that is a carbotricyclic compound comprising 5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalene having four methoxy substituents at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 10-positions as well as an oxo group at the 9-position and an acetamido group at the 7-position. It has been isolated from the plants belonging to genus Colchicum.


haloindole

A compound based on an indole skeleton, containing one or more halogen atoms


fluoroindole

An organofluorine compound that is a compound based on an indole skeleton, containing one or more fluorine atoms.


chloroindole

A compound based on an indole skeleton, containing one or more chlorine atoms


Isoxazole

A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of  isoxazoles.


A 3-[({4-[4-({[1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl}methyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid that is the (S)-enantiomer of KI16425.


A 3-[({4-[4-({[1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl}methyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid that is the (R)-enantiomer of KI16425.


Oxazole

A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.


benzimidazole

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is a heterocyclic organic compound comprising fused benzene and imidazole rings.


Benzoxazole

A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.


tetramine

Any polyamine that contains four amino groups.


nucleobase analogue

A molecule that can substitute for a normal nucleobase in nucleic acids.


2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-

A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.


Mefloquine hydrochloride

A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.


saturated fatty aldehyde

A fatty aldehyde in which there is no carbon-carbon unsaturation.


quinone

Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).


hydroxyanthraquinones

An anthraquinone substituted with one or more hydroxy groups.


Any member of the class of benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone or its C-substituted derivatives.


acenoquinone

Quinones containing an acene fused ring system.


hydroxybenzoquinone

Benzoquinones with at least one hydroxy substituent.


A hydroxybenzoquinone that is any 1,4-benzoquinone in which two of the substituents on the quinone ring are hydroxy groups.


p-quinones

A quinone in which the two oxo groups of the quinone are located para to each other on the 6-membered quinonoid ring.


A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.


A naphthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the parent naphthalene ring.


benzoquinones

Any quinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol, hydroquinone, or their C-substituted derivatives.


hydroxyquinone

Any quinone in which one or more of the carbons making up the quinone moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group.


DL-Alanine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by {3-methyl-4-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy]phenyl}amino and 3-(2-methoxyacetamido)prop-1-en-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively.


quinazoline alkaloid

Any alkaloid based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


iodothyronine

An  iodoamino acid in which the amino acid specified is  thyronine.


organoiodine compound

An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond.


iodoamino acid

An amino acid containing at least one iodo substituent.


benzyl alcohols

Compounds containing a phenylmethanol skeleton.


A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which the carbon bearing the hydroxy group has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration.


A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which the carbon bearing the hydroxy group has R configuration while the remaining stereocentre has S configuration.


Ent-butopamine

A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which both stereocentres have S configuration.


hemiaminal

Any organic amino compound that has an amino group and a hydroxy group attached to the same carbon atom. Hemiaminals are intermediates in the formation of imines by addition of an amine to an aldehyde or ketone; those derived from primary amines are particularly unstable.


(S)-Nadphx

A tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide obtained by formal stereo- and regioselective hydration across the 2,3-double bond in the nicotinyl ring of NADPH, with the hydroxy group located at position 2, having (S)-configuration.


(R)-Nadphx

A tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide obtained by formal stero- and regioselective hydration across the 2,3-double bond in the nicotinyl ring of NADPH, with the hydroxy group located at position 2, having (R)-configuration.


(R)-Nadhx

A tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide obtained by formal stereo- and regioselective hydration across the 5,6-double bond in the nicotinyl ring of NADH, with the hydroxy group located at position 6, having (R)-configuration.


(S)-Nadhx

A tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide obtained by formal stereo- and regioselective hydration across the 5,6-double bond in the nicotinyl ring of NADH, with the hydroxy group located at position 6, having (S)-configuration.


The (R)-enantiomer of flavanone.


Liquiritigenin

A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.


Any flavanone in which the chiral centre at position 2 has S-configuration.


hydroxyflavanone

A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more hydroxy substituents.


Any  oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.


(R)-Ketamine

The R- (less active) enantiomer of ketamine.


cyclopentanones

Any alicyclic ketone that consists of a cyclopentane skeleton substituted by at least one oxo group.


cyclohexenones

Any six-membered alicyclic ketone having one double bond in the ring.


Any oxo steroid where an oxo substituent is located at position 3.


flavanone glycoside

A member of the class of flavanones having one or more glycosyl residues attached at unspecified positions.


Any methoxyflavanone having a methoxy substituent located at position 4'.


cyclohexanones

Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


flavanones

Members of the class of flavans with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Any 3-oxo steroid that contains a double bond between positions 1 and 2.


alicyclic ketone

A cyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.


A member of the class of cyclopentanones that is (4Z)-7-(3-oxocyclopentyl)hept-4-enoic acid in which the cyclopentenone ring is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by morpholin-4-yl and (1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)methoxy groups respectively.


methoxyflavanone

A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more methoxy substituents.


Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.


beta-bitter acid

An alicyclic ketone obtained by prenylation at positions 4, 6 and 6 of any 2-acylphloroglucinol. beta-bitter acids are well known for their contribution to the bitter taste of beer.


A 3-oxo steroid that has alpha configuration at position 5.


Any 3-oxo steroid that has beta- configuration at position 5.


xanthones

Any member of the class of  xanthenes based on a xanthone skeleton.


A 3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid containing an additional double bond between positions 4 and 5.


A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


monomethoxyflavanone

Any methoxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a methoxy group.


Esketamine

The S- (more active) enantiomer of ketamine.


dihydroxyflavanone

Any  hydroxyflavanone carrying two hydroxy substituents.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.


The (S)-enantiomer of flavanone.


A dicarboximide that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a p-bromophenyl group.


enamide

An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid amide of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)NR(4)R(5) in which the amide C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


cinnamamides

An enamide which is cinnamamide or a derivative of cinnamamide obtained by replacement of one or more of its hydrogens.


acrylamides

An enamide which is acrylamide or a derivative of acrylamide obtained by replacement of one or more of its hydrogens.


(-)-Nomifensine

The S enantiomer of nomifensine.


methylbenzene

Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.


hemiacetal

A compound having the general formula RR'C(OH)OR'' (R'' =/= H).


lactol

Cyclic hemiacetals formed by intramolecular addition of a hydroxy group to an aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl group. They are thus 1-oxacycloalkan-2-ols or unsaturated analogues.


cyclic hemiketal

A hemiacetal  having the structure R2C(OH)OR (R =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The term 'cyclic hemiketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.


hemiketal

A hemiacetal having the structure RR(1)C(OH)OR(2) (R, R(1), R(2) =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group.


pyridinecarboxamide

A member of the class of pyridines that is a substituted pyridine in which at least one of the substituents is a carboxamide or N-substituted caraboxamide group.


maleimides

Compounds containing a cyclic dicarboximide skeleton in which the two carboacyl groups on nitrogen together with the nitrogen itself form a 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione structure.


tertiary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a secondary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1)R(2).


4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.


The S-enantiomer of noradrenaline.


hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


HODE

Hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, formed in mammalian cells from the corresponding hydroperoxy compounds (HPODEs).


resolvin

Hydroxy fatty acids that are di- or trihydroxy metabolites of the polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, particularly icosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid.


3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid

An 8-carbon, beta-hydroxy fatty acid which may be a marker for primary defects of beta-hydroxy fatty acid metabolism. Repeating unit of poly(3-hydroxyoctanoic acid), a biopolymer used by numerous bacterial species as carbon and energy reserves.


(S)-2-hydroxylauric acid

The (S)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxylauric acid.


(S)-3-hydroxylauric acid

The (S)-enantiomer of 3-hydroxylauric acid.


hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid

A hydroxy fatty acid that is a straight-chain fatty acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon adjacent to the terminal methyl group (i.e. at the (omega-1) position) is replaced by a hydroxy group.


3-Hydroxybutyric acid

A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.


(R)-2-hydroxylauric acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxylauric acid.


2-hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid with a hydroxy functional group in the alpha- or 2-position.


A trienoic fatty acid that consists of heptadeca-5,8,10-trienoic acid bearing an additional 12-hydroxy substituent.


(3R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 3-hydroxylauric acid. An intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis.


3-hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid with a hydroxy functional group in the beta- or 3-position. beta-Hydroxy fatty acids accumulate during cardiac hypoxia, and can also be used as chemical markers of bacterial endotoxins.


A HODE that consists of (10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid with the hydroxy substituent located at position 9.