deoxyribonucleotide

A nucleotide in which the ribose moiety has one or more of its hydroxy groups substituted by hydrogen.


An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.


aldonic acid phosphate

An aldonic acid in which at least one of the hydroxy groups has been phosphorylated.


ceramide 1-phosphate

A phosphosphingolipid consisting of any ceramide phosphorylated at position 1


organic triphosphate

An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of triphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols.


diadenosyl tetraphosphate

A diadenosyl polyphosphate that consists of two adenosinyl moieties bridged by a tetraphosphate.


An NADP obtained by formal reduction of the 1,6-position in the pyridine ring of beta-NAD.


guanyl nucleotide

A nucleotide having guanine as the base.


3-Phosphoglyceric acid

The D-enantiomer of 3-phosphoglyceric acid


NAD(P)

A coenzyme that may be NAD or NADP.


phosphoglyceric acid

An aldonic acid phosphate where the aldonic acid component is glyceric acid.


D-Galactosamine 1-phosphate

A galactosamine phosphate that is D-galactosamine substituted at position 1 by a monophosphate group.


organic diphosphate

An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of diphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols.


adenyl deoxyribonucleotide

A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleotide where the purine is adenine.


nucleotide

A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid.


phospho sugar

Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid.


Glycerophosphoric acid

A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group located at position 1.


D-Ribose 1-phosphate

A ribose monophosphate that is D-ribose substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.


D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

The pyranose form of D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.


N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate having the N-acyl specified as acetyl.


diadenosyl polyphosphate

A dinucleotide that consists of two adenosine moieties bridge by a chain of a variable number (from two to six) of phosphate units.


A 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-glucosamine phosphate having the phosphate group placed at the 6-position.


glucosamine phosphate

A hexosamine phosphate having glucosamine as the amino sugar component.


ribonucleoside bisphosphate

A nucleoside bisphosphate where sugar of the nucleoside is ribose.


pentose phosphate

Any phospho sugar that is the phosphate derivative of pentose.


phospholipid

A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides.


N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

A N-acyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.


guanyl deoxyribonucleotide

A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleotide where the purine is guanine.


nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate

A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-3 and C-5 of the ribose ring are engaged in formation of a cyclic mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphate.


D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate

The furanose form of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-mannosamine phosphate having the phosphate group placed at the 6-position.


purine nucleotide

Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.


purine nucleoside bisphosphate

A nucleoside bisphosphate that has a purine nucleobase.


purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate

A nucleoside phosphate consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxy groups on the sugar.


A ribose monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 5-position and an amino group in place of hydroxy at the anomeric centre.


2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate

A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate compound with the phosphate group in the 5'-position.


5-[Diethylamino(oxo)methyl]-4-methyl-2-(1-oxopentylamino)-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


flavanonol

a class of flavonoids that use the 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-phenylchromen-4-one (IUPAC name) backbone.


Pyridoxine Hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine.


Eprazinone dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining eprazinone with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadizole.


pyrazolone

A member of the class of pyrazoles in which one of the carbons of the pyrazole ring is substituted by an oxo group.


(S)-penthiopyrad

A 1-methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of penthiopyrad.


Betazole hydrochloride

The dihydrochloride salt of betazole.


5-[[3-(1,5-dimethyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1-oxoprop-2-enyl]amino]-3-methylthiophene-2,4-dicarboxylic acid O2-ethyl ester O4-propan-2-yl ester


(R)-penthiopyrad

A 1-methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of penthiopyrad.


Penthiopyrad

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-penthiopyrad. Used to control rust and Rhizoctonia diseases and also shows activity against grey mould, powdery mildew and apple scab.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by hydroxy groups at 4beta and 26 positions and has R-configuration at position 25.


Thioctic acid

A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.


An imidazoline that is 4,5-dihydroimidazole bearing a chloromethyl substituent at position 2.


(S)-Ethosuximide

The (S)-enantiomer of ethosuximide.


A 4-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid in which the 4-hydroxy group has S-configuration.


(R)-carbinoxamine

The (R)- (inactive) enantiomer of carbinoxamine.


Tioxazafen

A 1,2,4-oxadizole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 have been replaced by phenyl and thiophen-2-yl groups, respectively. It is used as a broad spectrum nematicidal seed treatment.


ribonucleoside

Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.


pyranone

Any of a class of cyclic chemical compounds that contain an unsaturated six-membered ring with one ring oxygen atom and an oxo substituent.


tetrahydrofuranone

Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.


methylpyridines

Any member of the class of pyridines that carries at least one methyl substituent.


pyrroline

Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.


The (R)-enantiomer of 3-methylthiofentanyl.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione.


pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside

A pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen.


Thiamin acetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is thiamine(1+) which carries an oxo group at position 2.


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate that has R configuration alpha to the carbonyl group and S configuration at the stereocentre bearing the nitrogen.


Carboxy-ptio

A mmeber of the class of imidazolines and organic radical that is 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-3lambda(5)-imidazol-1-yl]oxidanyl substituted at position 2 by a 4-carboxyphenyl group.


Tetrahydropyridine

Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring.


(R)-paliperidone

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one that is the (R)-enantiomer of paliperidone.


pyrimidinecarboxylic acid

Any pyrimidine that bears one or more carboxylic acid substituents.


xanthosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of xanthosine.


monohydroxypyridine

A hydroxypyridine carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


(S)-imazamox

The (S)-enantiomer of 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-(methoxymethyl)nicotinic acid.


A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of both nitrogens of pyridoxamine.


oxanes

Any organic heteromonocyclic compoundthat is oxane or its substituted derivatives.


oxolanes

Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton.


Rotoxamine

The (S)- (active) enantiomer of carbinoxamine.


(S)-ranolazine

An N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of ranolazine (the racemate is a drug used for treatment of chronic angina).


Tenocyclidine

A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and thiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A dissociative anaesthetic drug with halluccinogenic and stimulant effects. Its effects are similar to those of phencyclidine (PCP, an analogue with the thienyl group replaced by phenyl), but it is rather more potent.


(S)-Cycrimine

The (S)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


aminopyridine

Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.


(S)-paliperidone

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one that is the (S)-enantiomer of paliperidone.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol which has undergone formal oxidative coupling at positions 20 and 23 to the hydroxy group and methyl group, respectively, of methanol to afford the corresponding oxolane ring (the 20S,23R stereoisomer). It is less calcemic towards the vitamin D nuclear receptor than 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vivo.


That one of the three tautomers of pyrrole which has the double bonds at positions 1 and 3.


Thiamine monophosphate chloride

An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) monophosphate.


piperidinemonocarboxylic acid

Any member of the class of piperidines in which one of the carbons of the piperidine ring is substituted by a carboxy group.


nucleoside

An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents.


(R)-imazamox

The (R)-enantiomer of 5-(methoxymethyl)-2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid.


A tetrahydropyridine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine having a carboxy group at the 2-position.


A pyranone based on the structure of 2H-pyran-2-one and its substituted derivatives.


Cetylpyridinium bromide

A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.


Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


adenosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of adenosine.


The (R)-(+)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside

A deoxyribonucleoside containing a pyrimidine base.


A 2,2'-bithiophene that is 1,3,4-oxadiazole bearing 2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl and 4-methoxybenzyl groups at positions 2 and 5 respectively.


(S)-doxapram

The (S)-enantiomer of doxapram.


The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.


Timolol

The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.


pyrimidine nucleobase

A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from pyrimidine.


Rivaroxaban

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.


diazoline

A five-membered organic heteromonocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and a double bond.


purine ribonucleoside

A ribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration).


A member of the class of furans that in which the furan ring is substituted by a (2-amino-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-5(4H)-ylidene)methyl group at position 2 and a 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl group at position 5, and i which the amino substituent of the thiazolone has been substituted by a 3-carboxy-4-chlorophenyl group. It is a direct activator of the alpha-subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, AMPK).


(r)-Omeprazole

A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has R configuration at the sulfur atom.


aminopyrimidine

A member of the class of  pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.


pyrrole

A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.


Streptonigrin

Complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces flocculus or S. rufochronmogenus. It is used in advanced carcinoma and causes leukopenia.


pyrimidone

A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents.


pyrimidines

Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure.


Thiazole

An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom.


inosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of inosine.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol which has undergone formal oxidative coupling at positions 20 and 23 to the hydroxy group and methyl group, respectively, of methanol to afford the corresponding oxolane ring (the 20S,23S stereoisomer). It is a superagonist of the vitamin D nuclear receptor in vitro, but is as calcemic in vivo as the natural ligand.


purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside

A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration).


Thiofentanyl

An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


Any pyridone that is pyridin-4-one or its derivatives by substitution of one of more of the hydrogens.


(R)-Piperidine-2-carboxylic acid

The D-enantiomer of pipecolic acid.


(R)-idazoxan

An idazoxan that has R configuration.


pyrimidine antifungal agent

A member of the class of pyrimidines that has significant antifungal properties.


Necrosulfonamide

A sulfonamide that is a 3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl derivative of (E)-N-(4-(N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrothiophene-2-yl)acrylamide. Necrosulfonamide specifically blocks necrosis downstream of the activation of RIP3 (the receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3), a key signalling molecule in the programmed necrosis (necroptosis) pathway.


Imazamox

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-imazamox. An inhibitor of acetohydroxyacid synthase, it is used (particularly as the corresponding ammonium salt, known as imazamox-ammonium) as a herbicide for the control of grass, broad-leaf weeds, and pond weed.


Pyridoxamine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. It is the inactive enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.


Fominoben

Any compound containing morpholine as part of its structure.


(R)-chlormezanone

The (R)-enantiomer of chlormezanone.


An oxazinane alkaloid that is methyl (4S)-1,3-oxazinane-4-carboxylate substituted by a (1H-pyrrol-2-yl group at position 2 and a 2-methylheptyl group at position 5. Isolated from Celastrus angulatus, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


l-Pipecolic acid

The L-enantiomer of pipecolic acid. It is a metabolite of lysine.


chloropyridine

Compounds containing a pyridine nucleus substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.


pyridinemonocarboxylic acid

A monocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is attached to a pyridine (or substituted pyridine) ring.


Idazoxan

A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.


furans

Compounds containing at least one furan ring.


Pyridoxal hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxal with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


guanosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of guanosine.


Thiamine(1+) aldehyde

A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is thiamine(1+) in which the 2-hydroxyethyl group has been replaced by a 2-oxoethyl group.


(R)-doxapram

The (R)-enantiomer of doxapram.


Distigmine bromide

An organic bromide salt of distigmine. It is an anticholinesterase drug used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and postoperative urinary retention.


hydroxymethylpyridine

Any member of the class of  pyridines carrying a hydroxymethyl substituent at unspecified position.


A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.


(R)-Ethosuximide

The (R)-enantiomer of ethosuximide.


purine deoxyribonucleoside

A deoxyribonucleoside containing a purine base.


Eszopiclone

The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.


Thiamine hydrochloride dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of thiamine hydrochloride.


hydroxypyridine

Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent.


Thiamine Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


(+)-Mefloquine

An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.


dihydrofuran

Compounds containing a mono-unsaturated furan ring skeleton.


A pyrrolidinone in which the oxo group is at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring.


Imazapyr

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-yl group, which in turn is substituted at positions 4, 4, and 5 by isopropyl, ethyl, and oxo groups, respectively.


VEGF Inducer, GS4012

A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of GS4012 with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


(R)-Zopiclone

The (5R)-enantiomer of zopiclone.


A nitrile that pyridine which is substituted by 2-thienyl, trifluoromethyl, cyano and methylthio groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.


(R)-ranolazine

An N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of ranolazine (the racemate is a drug used for treatment of chronic angina).


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate that has S configuration alpha to the carbonyl group and R configuration at the stereocentre bearing the nitrogen.


The (S)-enantiomer of 3-methylthiofentanyl.


A 1-pyrrolinecarboxylic acid that is 1-pyrroline in which one of the hydrogens at position 5 is replaced by a carboxy group.


Proline

An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.


purines D-ribonucleoside

A purine ribonucleoside that is a purine derivative attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.


A 5-methyl-2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid that has (R)-configuration.


pyrimidine antifungal drug

Any pyrimidine antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


A 5-methyl-2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid that has (S)-configuration.


A member of the class of oxazolidines that is isoxazoldin-3-one which is substituted at position 4 by an amino group.


Amprolium

An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.


Imazapic

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is 5-methylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-yl group, which in turn is substituted at positions 4, 4, and 5 by isopropyl, methyl, and oxo groups, respectively.


Pyrithiamine bromide

A pyridinium salt that is 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium having bromide as the counterion.


furoic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that consists of a furan ring having a single carboxylic acid group on any ring position and derivatives thereof.


diazines

Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure).


2-(Chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


Biperiden HCl

The hydrochloride salt of biperiden. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.


methylguanosine

Any guanosine carrying one or more methyl substituents.


(+)-Timolol

The (R)-(+) (less active) enantiomer of timolol.


(R)-Cycrimine

The (R)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside

A purine derivative attached to a beta-D-2'-deoxy-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.


barbiturates

Members of the class of pyrimidones consisting of pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (barbituric acid) and its derivatives. Largest group of the synthetic sedative/hypnotics, sharing a characteristic six-membered ring structure.


Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


pyridinedicarboxylic acid

Any member of the class of  pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.


(R)-Amlodipine

The (4R)-enantiomer of amlodipine.


monochloropyridine

A chloropyridine in which only one chlorine is attached to the pyridine ring.


(R)-Imazapyr

A 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)nicotinic acid that has R configuration.


monomethylxanthine

A methylxanthine carrying a single methyl substituent at any position.


A monomethylxanthine having the methyl group located at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of caffeine in humans.


An organic bromide salt having 9-benzyl-2-butyl-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-9H-beta-carbolin-2-ium as the counterion


Hydroxy(phenyl)2-thienylacetic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid bearing hydroxy and 2-thenyl substituents at position 2.


sedoheptulose derivative

A ketoheptose derivative that is formally obtained from sedoheptulose.


(E)-2-Amino-2-butenoic acid

Major species at pH 7.3


Pregnanolone

The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.


(R)-(+)-Bupivacaine Hydrochloride

The monohydrochloride salt of dextrobupivacaine.


N-alkylglycine

Any glycine derivative in which glycine is substituted at position 2 by an alkyl group.


N-methylglycines

An N-alkylglycine that is sarcosine and derivatives of sarcosine arising by replacement of the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen by a hydrocarbyl group.


organic oxo compound

Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.


Ureidosuccinic acid

An N-carbamoylamino acid that is aspartic acid with one of its amino hydrogens replaced by a carbamoyl group.


beta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position beta to the carboxy group.


(R)-Acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


1H-Pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid

A pyrroledicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.


Mandelic Acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are substituted by phenyl and hydroxyl groups.


(-)-trans-Permethrin

trans-Permethrin with configuration 1S,3R.


propanals

An aldehyde based on a propanal skeleton and its derivatives.


Coumermycin a1

A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.


haloacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a halogen atom.


Elvitegravir

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 7-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substited at position 1 by a 1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl group and at position 6 by a 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


2-Hexenedioic acid

A hexenedioic acid where the C=C double bond is located at the 2-position.


polyprenal

Any enal having a polyprenyl chain.


Pyoluteorin

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 4,5-dichloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group. It is a natural product found in Pseudomonas fluorescens which exhibits antibacterial properties and is a strong inducer of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.


Withalongolide C

A withanolide that is withaferin A substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11. Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


gamma-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine

A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.


branched-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents; a common component in animal and bacterial lipids. The fatty acyl chain is usually saturated and the substituent a methyl group; however, unsaturated BCFAs are found in marine animals, and branches other than methyl are found in microbial lipids.


oxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group.


macrolide

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide.


aromatic ketone

A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring.


N-acylglycine

An N-acyl-amino acid in which amino acid specified is glycine.


pyruvate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from pyruvate (i.e. alanine, valine, and leucine). A closed class.


monounsaturated fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde with one double or triple bond located at any position in the aliphatic chain.


(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid

A 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid that has (2S,3S)-configuration.


3-[[2-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenoxy)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid

Any 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a methylthio group.


acetylenic fatty acid

Any  unsaturated fatty acid containing at least one triple bond in the carbon chain framework.


Sitoindoside IX

A  withanolide saponin that consists of withaferin A attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 27 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


2,6-Diamino-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid

A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


2-methoxyethyl ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between a carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-methoxyethanol. In contrast to many other water-solubilising esters, the 2-methoxyethyl esters of many amino acids are crystalline, allowing them to be easily purified.


Tubocapsanolide A

A  withanolide that is 5beta,6beta:16alpha,17alpha-diepoxywitha-2,24-dienolide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and an oxo group at position 1. Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


A cholestanoid that is cholest-5-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 26 and oxo groups at positions 16 and 22 respectively.


long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at position 3 by a formyl group.


hydroxy-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid bearing one or more hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


2-(3-Formyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


Mesotrione

An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group.


Colubrinic acid

A steroid acid isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 5beta-cholestane containing a double bond between positions 7 and 8, and substituted by an oxo group at position 6 and by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 14alpha, 22 pro-R and 25 positions.


A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.


An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is soladulcidine carrying an acetoxy substituent at position 23


3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid carrying oxo- and methyl substituents at C-2 and C-3, respectively. An alpha-keto acid analogue and metabolite of isoleucine in man, animals and bacteria. Used as a clinical marker for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).


Acetylglutamine

A glutamine derivative with an acetyl group bound at the alpha-amino group.


A pyrrole having formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 respectively; useful as indicator of advanced stages of the Maillard reaction, which produces advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).


proteinogenic amino acid

Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.


N-Acetyl-DL-methionine

A methionine derivative that is methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.


An N-substituted pyrraline that is pyrraline in which the hydrogen attached to the pyrrole nitrogen has been replaced by a neopentyl (2,2-dimethylpropyl) group.


Estradiol benzoate

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.


N-formyl amino acid

Any N-acyl amino acid which has formyl as the acyl group.


Afalanine

The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.


benzaldehydes

Any arenecarbaldehyde that consists of a formyl substituted benzene ring and its substituted derivatives thereof.


pyrroledicarboxylic acid

A pyrrole compound having two carboxy substituents at any position on the ring.


2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid

A thiophenecarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2.


enone

An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


Sinularia glycoside

A steroid saponin that is 3,7,16-trihydroxyergosta-5,24(28)-diene substituted by a 4-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-alpha-L-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage (the 3beta,7beta,16beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Sinularia crispa, it exhibits spermatostatic activity.


CID 439670

A heptenedioic acid that is hept-2-enedioic acid substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.


L-Penicillamine

The L-enantiomer of penicillamine.


phthalic acid monoester

A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of an alcoholic or aromatic hydroxy group with just one of the two carboxy groups of phthalic acid.


hydroxycinnamic acid

Any member of the class of  cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


Zhankuic acid C

A steroid acid that is ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-26-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12, a methyl group at position 4 and oxo groups at positions 7 and 11 (the 3alpha,4alpha,5alpha,12alpha stereoisomer). Isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea and Antrodia camphorata, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


N-acyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


Chromopyrrolic acid

A pyrroledicarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by indol-3-yl groups.


polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.


heterocyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of atoms including at least one heteroatom.


Glyceric acid

A trionic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.


A 26-oxo steroid resulting from the oxidation of the terminal methyl group of 4beta,26-dihydroxycholesterol to the corresponding aldehyde.


(R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid

A 4-hydroxymandelic acid that has R-configuration.


DL-Methionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.


The (1R,2R)-stereoisomer of isocitric acid.


DL-Glutamine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.


An enal obtained by formal dehydrogenation across positions 2 and 3 of any n-alkanal


Withalongolide D

A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergost-24-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 19 and 27, a methoxy group at position 3 and oxo groups at positions 1 and 26. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


Malic Acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.


Epanova

A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.


23-Hydroxytubocapsanolide A

A withanolide that is the 23-hydroxy derivative of tubocapsanolide A. Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


fatty acid

Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids.


nitrogen-containing fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing nitrogen as either a substituent or a replacement for a methylene carbon.


2-[(4,4-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexyl)methylideneamino]-5-methyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.


Bambuterol hydrochloride, (R)-

The hydrochloride salt of (R)-bambuterol.


ureidocarboxylic acid

Any  carboxylic acid carrying a carbamoylamino group.


An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.


4-Hydroxycinnamic acid

A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.


Protodeoxyviolaceinic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 and 5 by indol-3-yl groups.


Nitroflurbiprofen

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of  flurbiprofen with the free hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent showing inhibitory effects against the cyclooxygenases COX1 and COX2.


(R)-bambuterol

The (R)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


3-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid

A 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropionic acid in which one of the hydrogens beta to the carboxy group is replaced by a hydroxy group.


oxo carboxylic acid

Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule.


alpha-diketone

A diketone that has its two ketone functionalities on adjacent atoms.


epoxy fatty acid

A heterocyclic fatty acid containing an epoxide ring as part of its structure.


succinate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the esterification of one or both of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. (Succinate ester in which only one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid has been esterified are known as hemisuccinates.)


pivalate ester

A carboxylic ester of pivalic acid.


Propyl hydroxyacetyl pyrrole

A pyrrole carrying propyl and hydroxyacetyl groups at the 1- and 2-positions respectively.


A steroid saponin that is 3,16,17-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 2-O-acetyl-3-O-[2-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 16 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid [2-oxo-2-(2-oxolanylmethylamino)ethyl] ester


A steroid acid consisting of 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene having a carboxy group at the 4-position.


A pregnane sterol that is 5beta-pregnane carrying hydroxy groups at positions 3alpha and 21, oxo group at position 11, a double bond between positions 17 and 20 and the D-ring of the steroid has been expanded to a 6-membered ring by the addition of a methylene group.


S-acylglutathione

Any glutathione carrying an S-acyl substituent.


(2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid having (2R)-configuration.


Withaferin A

A  withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


DL-Threonine

An alpha-amino acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


decanoate ester

A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of decanoic acid (capric acid) with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


hexenoic acid

A C6, medium-chain fatty acid carrying a double bond at any position along the main chain.


aromatic carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.


ketone

A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).


(2S)-2-aminoheptanedioic acid

A 2-aminopimelic acid that has S-configuration.


dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 5beta-cholestane containing a double bond between positions 7 and 8, and substituted by an oxo group at position 6 and by hydroxy groups at the 3beta and 14alpha positions.


9-Octadecenoic acid

An octadecenoic acid with a double bond at C-9.


withalongolide I

A  withanolide saponin that consists of 3-hydroxy-22,26-epoxyergosta-5,24-diene substituted by additonal hydroxy groups at positions 19 and 27, oxo groups at positions 1 and 26 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycodic linkage. It has been isolated from Physalis longifolia.


N-acyl-L-amino acid

Any N-acylamino acid having L-configuration.


(S)-bambuterol

The (S)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


heteroarenecarbaldehyde

An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene.


cholesteryl ester

A sterol ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of cholesterol.


An enal consisting of oct-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position.


glutamine family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class.


2-Hydroxylaminobenzoic acid

An  aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substutited by a hydroxyamino group at position 2.


(R)-Bopindolol

A 1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]propan-2-yl benzoate that has R-configuration.


N-acyl-aspartic acid

An aspartic acid derivative that is aspartic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group is replaced by an acyl group.


sulfur-containing carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent.


2,3-dihydro-3beta-methoxy withaferin A

A withanolide that is 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A substituted by a beta-methoxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


dimethenamid OXA

A monocarboxylic acid that is oxoacetic acid substituted by a (2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)amino group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the herbicide dimethenamid.


polyunsaturated fatty ester

Any fatty acid ester resulting from the formal esterification of the carboxy group of a polyunsaturated fatty acid.


A 3beta-hydroxysteroid consisting of 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholestane having an additional oxo group at the 15-position.


aldehyde

A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.


Any N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid that is L-lysine in which the N(6) amino group has been acylated.


aldonic acid

Any carbohydrate acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde functional group of an aldose to a carboxylic acid functional group. Aldonic acids have the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nC(=O)OH.


3-(Tert-butylsulfamoyl)-4-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal, (+)-

The S stereoisomer of (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal.


A 26-oxo steroid resulting from the oxidation of (25R)-3beta,26-dihydroxycholest-5-en-7-one to the corresponding aldehyde.


surugapyrrole A

A pyrrolecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-aminopropanoic acid. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp.USF-6280 and exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity.


unsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond.


omega-aminoaldehyde

An amino aldehyde that is an aliphatic aldehyde in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by an amino group. H2NCH2(CH2)nCHO, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc.


epsilon-lactone

Any lactone with a seven-membered ring.


A pyrrole formed via Maillard reaction of epsilon-aminocaproic acid with glucose.


oxo dicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid carrying one or more oxo groups.


Any oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 7.


oxopentanoic acid

A C5 fatty acid carrying an oxo group at any position.


A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17alpha.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


oxylipin

Any member of the group of bioactive lipids made by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


2-Amino-3-selanylpropanoic acid

An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.


D-Isoleucine

The D-enantiomer of isoleucine.


4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid which has a hydroxy group located gamma to the carboxy group.


hydroxypregnenolone

A C21-steroid that is pregnenolone in which a hydrogen attached to a carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.


naphthoic acid

An aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of a naphthalene skeleton substituted by one or more carboxy groups.


aldehydic acid

A monocarboxylic acid derived from any dicarboxylic acid that has a retained name by the formal reduction of one of the carboxy groups to a formyl group. The resulting structure, also known as a semialdehyde, may be named by replacing the ending '...ic acid' of the retained name of the dicarboxylic acid by the ending '...aldehydic acid'. Aldehydic acids therefore contain one carboxy group and one aldehyde group.


DL-Citrulline

The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.


octacarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing eight carboxy groups.


2-arylpropionic acid

A class of carboxylic acids of general formula RCHCH3C(=O)OH where R represents an aryl group.


DL-Histidine

An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.


2-oxo aldehyde

Any aldehyde having an oxo substituent at the 2-position.


N-acylglycine 18:1

An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond.


(S)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has S configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


A steroid acid resulting from stereoselective oxidation of one of the terminal methyl groups of 4beta-hydroxycholesterol to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that has a hydroxy group beta to the carboxy group.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is pregnenolone with a double bond between positions 16 and 17.


L-valyl ester

Any alpha-amino acid ester that has L-valine as the amino acid component.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying formyl and methyl substituents at position 4.


muconic semialdehyde

An aldehydic acid derived obtained by conversion of one of the carboxy groups of any muconic acid to the corresponding aldehyde.


Withanolide D

A  withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 22 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum and Withania somnifera, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


Withalongolide K

A steroid saponin that is the monosaccharide derivative of the 19-norwithanolide. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


20-oxo steroid

An oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 20.


lactone

Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy and carboxy groups respectively.


Withalongolide A

A withanolide that is withaferin A substituted by a hydroxy group at position 19. Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activitiy.


non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid

Any  alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


2-oxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid having a 2-oxo substituent.


A 4-hydroxymandelic acid that has S-configuration.


propanones

A ketone that is propane carrying at least one oxo substituent.


Any 3beta-hydroxy steroid which is substituted at the 4alpha and 4beta positions by formyl and methyl groups, respectively.


depsidones

Any  organic heteropolycyclic compound based on a tricyclic diphenyl ether lactone system and its substituted derivatives thereof.


An N-substituted pyrraline that is pyrraline in which the hydrogen attached to the pyrrole nitrogen has been replaced by a propyl group.


alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde

An aldehyde of general formula R-CH2-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is attached to a CH2 group at the alpha-position.


methylbutanal

Any member of the class of  butanals carrying a methyl substituent at an unspecified position.


cyanoamino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid modified by the addition of a cyano group.


HPODE

Hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acids, formed in mammalian cells by peroxidation of linoleic acid.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum saundersiae and Galtonia candicans and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


Pyrraline

An N-substituted pyrraline formed via Maillard reaction of L-lysine with glucose.


An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a 4-methylbenzyl group. Isolated from Onosma hispida, it exhibits inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase.


1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.


(24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol ester

A sterol ester consiting of (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol esterified at the 3-hydroxy group.


2-Aminohexanedioic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.


diamino acid

Any amino acid carrying two amino groups.


2,3-Dihydrowithaferin A

A withanolide that is the 2,3-dihydro derivative of withaferin A. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


A 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde that has R-configuration.


carbamate fungicide

Compounds that contain a carbamate ester moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.


fatty acid 20:1

Any monounsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 1 double bond.


tricarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing three carboxy groups.


dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives

A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens.


cis-Urocanic acid

A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has Z configuration.


2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid [1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]ethylideneamino] ester


amino aldehyde

Any aldehyde which contains an amino group.


A  non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted by two alkyl groups at position 2.


macrocyclic lactone

Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule.


delta-lactone

A lactone having a six-membered lactone ring.


secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing one hydrogen and one organyl group. Secondary alpha-hydroxy ketones are also known as acyloins, and are formally derived from reductive coupling of two carboxylic acid groups.


docosahexaenoic acid

Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.


4-Amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid

4-Aminobenzoic acid in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine.


2-Aminoheptanoic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is heptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is replaced by an amino group.


Thiencarbazone

An N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfur atom is attached to a 4-carboxy-2-methylthiophen-3-yl group and in which the non-sulfonated nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide, thiencarbazone-methyl.


beta-diketone

A diketone in which the two keto groups are separated by a single carbon atom.


branched-chain keto acid

An oxo carboxylic acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents. Derivatives formed from the first step in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and can provide important information on animal health and disease.


(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon at position 2 has (S)-configuration.


Penicillamine

An optically active form of penicillamine having D-configuration. Pharmaceutical form (L-form is toxic) of chelating agent used to treat heavy metal poisoning.


alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester

A carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)OR(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


A 9(10)-EpOME in which the epoxide has 9R,10S stereochemistry.


benzoate ester

Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids.


(R)-Methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has R configuration. Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


omega-oxo fatty acid

Any oxo fatty acid in which the oxo group is located at the omega-position.


Dilacor XR

A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.


Sulfoacrylate

Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


chlorocarboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group.


tetracarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing four carboxy groups.


ynal

An alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula RC#C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C#C triple bond at the alpha,beta position.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate (i.e. phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). A closed class.


acetate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.


methyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.


Qingyangshengenin B

A steroid saponin that is 17alpha-pregnenolone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8, 12beta, 14beta and 17beta, in which the 14beta-hydrocy group has been acylated by formal condensation with the carboxy group of (2E)-3,4-dimethylpent-2-enoic acid, and in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been glycosylated with 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranos. A C-21 steroidal glycoside, it is the essential active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Qingyangshen, isolated from Cynanchum otophyllum and used to treat epilepsy and rheumatic pain.


2-Butenoic acid, 2-methyl-

A branched-chain fatty acid consisting of 2-butenoic acid having a methyl group at position 2.


(2S,3S)-2-methylcitric acid

The (2S,3S)-diastereomer of 2-methylcitric acid.


hexadecanoate ester

A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with a hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


A 20-oxo steroid that is pregnenolone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 7beta-position.


formate ester

An ester of formic acid.


aromatic amino acid

An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring.


3-(2-Thenoyl)propionic acid

A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing oxo and 2-thienyl groups at position 4.


DL-Leucine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.


epoxyoctadecenoic acid

An epoxy fatty acid obtained by formal epoxidation of one of the double bonds of any octadecadienoic acid.


alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone

A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


4-(5-methyl-2-furanyl)-2-[[1-oxo-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylthio)ethyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


2-Aminobutyric acid

An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.


hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group.


A physalin with antimalarial activity isolated from Physalis angulata.


A cholestanoid that is 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 7.


Saroglitazar

A monocarboxylic acid that is (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens of the p-ethoxy substituent has been replaced by the nitrogen of 2-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole. An agonist at the subtypes alpha and gamma of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with predominant PPARalpha activity, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.


naphthaldehyde

An aldehyde in which the organyl group is a naphthyl group.


butynal

An aldehyde that is butanal consisting of a triple bond at unspecified position.


halo fatty acid

Any fatty acid carrying at least one halo substituent.


(-)-marinopyrrole B

A member of the class of pyrroles that is 1'H-1,3'-bipyrrole substituted by a bromo group at position 3, four chloro groups at positions 4, 4', 5 and 5' and two 2-hydroxybenzoyl moieties at positions 2 and 2'. It is isolated from Streptomyces sp.CNQ-418 and exhibits cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.


trans-permethrin

Permithrin in which the 2,2-dichlorovinyl group and the carboxylate ester group are in a trans-configuration.


3-[5-[Oxo-(3-pyridinylamino)methyl]-2-furanyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


2-[(1-Oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


Rulide

A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.


very long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. Very long-chain fatty acids which have a chain length greater than C27 are also known as ultra-long-chain fatty acids.


methyl ketone

A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).


DL-Isoleucine

A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


cholesteryl icosatetraenoate

A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.


thia fatty acid

Any fatty acid having at least one of the chain methylene groups replaced by sulfur. Members of this group are believed to have important pharmacological (antioxidant and antiatherosclerosis) properties.


polar amino acid

Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds.


4-Nitroanthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid with a nitro substituent at position 4.


An oxysterol that is 7-ketocholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 26 and has R-configuration at position 25.


fatty acid 18:4

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 18 carbons and 4 double bonds.


(R)-dihydrolipoic acid

The (R)-enantiomer and bioactive form of dihydrolipoic acid.


hexonic acid

Any aldonic acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde group of an aldohexose to a carboxylic acid group.


dodecanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is lauric acid.


monocarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.


fluoroalkanoic acid

Any organofluorine compound that is the perfluorinated derivative of any alkanoic acid.


trienoic fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid that contains three double bonds.


hydroxylysine

A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.


quinic acid

A cyclitol carboxylic acid.


4-(2-Thienyl)butyric acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 2-thienyl group at position 4.


fatty acid 22:5

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 5 double bonds.


glycolaldehydes

An aldehyde derived from a glycol by reduction of one of the hydroxy groups.


4-Ethylphenyl 2-thienyl ketone

A thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-ethylbenzoyl group.


dioxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid containing two ketonic or aldehydic oxo groups.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, amino, fluorine, and cyclohexylamino groups, respectively. It can directly bind to and block the transcription activity of the active forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1), but not the Ser256-phosphorylated form. It induces cell death and growth arrest in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines at low concentrations.


fatty acid 22:6

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 6 double bonds.


dicarboxylic acid monoester

A monoester of a dicarboxylic acid.


DL-Ornithine

An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.


alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde

An aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O or RC#C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


aspartate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-aspartic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (asparagine, lysine, methionine, threonine and isoleucine). A closed class.


An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid substituted at position 5 by a (1-methoxy-2-methylindolizin-3-yl)carbonyl group.


diketone

A compound that contains two ketone functionalities.


3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al with S-configuration at C-24.


epsilon-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position epsilon to the carboxy group.


N-acyl-L-glutamic acid

Any optically active N-acylglutamic acid having L-configuration.


Methylselenocysteine

An alpha-amino acid compound having methylselanylmethyl as the side-chain.


octanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is octanoic acid (caprylic acid).


N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid

An non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid in which the amino group bears one or more methyl groups.


amino acid

A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.


haloamino acid

Any non-proteinogenic amino acid carrying at least one halo group.


medium-chain fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde with a chain length between C6 and C12.


non-proteinogenic amino acid

Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism.


C4-dicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms.


quinolinemonocarboxylic acid

Any aromatic carboxylic acid that contains a quinoline moiety that is substituted by one carboxy substituent.


2-[[2-[(ethoxycarbonylamino)-oxomethyl]-3-oxobut-1-enyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


5-[2-(5-Methoxycarbonyl-2-thiophenyl)butan-2-yl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


2-[[[(6-Methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]amino]-5-phenyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


3-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl] ester


A steroid saponin that is 3,16,17-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 2-O-acetyl-3-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 16 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and Galtonia candicans, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


glycinyl ester

An alpha-amino acid ester in which the amnio acid component is glycine.


A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


Demecarium bromide

The methobromide salt of the N,N'-bis[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl carbamate] derivative of 2,13-diazatetradecane. It is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase, with a long duration of action. It is used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma: in the eye, it causes constriction of the iris sphincter muscle and the ciliary muscle, facilitating the outflow of the aqueous humor and so reducing intraocular pressure.


2-Amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid

A member of the class of chlorobenzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the ring hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by amino and chloro groups, respectively.


beta-amino acid ester

An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a beta-amino acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 4-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyl ester


Lactaldehyde

A member of the class of  propanals obtained by the reduction of the carboxylic group of lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid).


A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.


Pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by a carboxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum.


25-Hydroxy 3-ketocholestane

A 25-hydroxy steroid that is 3-oxocholestane which carries a hydroxy group at position 25.


methoxycinnamic acid

Any cinnamic acid carrying one or more methoxy substituents.


8-Methylsulfinyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[3,4-g][2,1]benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


phenyl acetates

An acetate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the hydroxy group of any phenol.


Bambuterol hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of bambuterol. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.


indoleacetaldehyde

An aldehyde that is acetaldehyde substituted by an indolyl group.


ethyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid with ethanol.


oxyketone

A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group.


4,5-Dimethyl-2-[[1-oxo-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-pyridin-1-iumyl]ethyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


long-chain fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde that has a chain length of C12 or greater.


Typhasterol

A brassinosteroid that is ergostan-6-one bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 3alpha, 22R and 23R.


Withalongolide J

A withanolide saponin that consists of 22,26-epoxyergosta-5,24-dien-28-ol substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 19, an oxo group at position 26 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 28 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


11-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid that has an oxo substituent at position 11.


A glutamine derivative that is glutamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group is replaced by an acyl group.


(R)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has R configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 4-pregnen-3beta-ol substituted by an oxo group at position 20.


D-threo-Isocitric acid

The D-threo-diastereomer of isocitric acid.


sterol ester

A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity.


DL-Homoserine

An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.


An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is but-2-enedioic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-oxoprop-1-enyl group at position 3.


acetyl-L-lysine

An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-lysine.


L-alpha-amino acid

Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.


Fruticoside B

A steroid acid that is ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-21-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5alpha stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa.


Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole carrying a carboxy substituent at position 2.


DL-Tyrosine

An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.


A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C#C bond.


A 3beta-sterol that is (24Z)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-diene which is substituted at the  3beta and 4alpha positions by hydroxy and formyl groups, respectively.


alpha-oxyketone

An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom.


aminobutanal

Any member of the class of  butanals carrying by at least one amino group on the butanal skeleton.


docosadienoic acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 2 double bonds


A steroid glycoside isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxicity against human tumour cell lines.


oxo fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one aldehydic or ketonic group in addition to the carboxylic acid group.


dialdehyde

Any aldehyde with two aldehyde groups.


3-oxo fatty acid

Any oxo fatty acid in which an oxo substituent is located at position 3.


10-Heptadecenoic acid, (10Z)-

A heptadecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position.


4-hydroxybenzoate ester

A benzoate ester that is an ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.


N-phenylanthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of  anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.


dicarboxylic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing two carboxy groups.


A brassinosteroid that is castasterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 26.


A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 22 carbons in total and 2 double bonds.


3-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy group located beta- to the carboxylic acid group.


butanone

Any  ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.


hydroperoxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.


An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z  geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.


Withalongolide M

A steroid saponin that is the monosaccharide derivative of the 19-norwithanolide. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.


Any 3beta-hydroxy steroid which is substituted at the 4alpha and 4beta positions by methyl and formyl groups, respectively.


thioester

A compound of general formula RC(=O)SR'. Compare with thionoester, RC(=S)OR'.


branched-chain amino acid

Any  amino acid  in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents


A hydroxamic acid that is N-methylpyrrole which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by 3-(hydroxyamino)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl and 3-(m-fluorophenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl groups, respectively. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of class II (IIa) histone deacetylase (HDAC II).


2,4-Diaminobutyric acid

A diamino acid that is butyric acid in which a hydrogen at position 2 and a hydrogen at position 4 are replaced by amino groups.


(R)-(-)-2-Phenylpropionic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of hydratropic acid.


fatty acid ethyl ester

A fatty acid ester that is the carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of a fatty acid with ethanol.


3-Aminobenzoic acid

An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.


tetradecanoate ester

A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid (also known as myristic acid) with a hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is pregnenolone carrying an oxo group at position 7.


isopropyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of propan-2-ol.


N-(fatty acyl)-L-alpha-amino acid

An N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the amino group of any L-amino acid.


butanals

An aldehyde based on a butanal skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent.


trans-2,3-unsaturated fatty aldehyde

A fatty aldehyde with a trans-double bond at carbon 2.


20-Hydroxytubocapsanolide A

A withanolide that is the 20-hydroxy derivative of tubocapsanolide A. Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


benzophenones

Any aromatic ketone in which the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 phenyl groups.


(R)-carisoprodol

The (R)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


An N-substituted pyrraline that is pyrraline in which the hydrogen attached to the pyrrole nitrogen has been replaced by a butyl group.


N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid carrying an N-acyl substituent.


Naproxcinod

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of naproxen with the hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. A cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donator that is metabolised to naproxen and a nitric oxide donating moiety, effective in treatment of osteoarthritis.


A pyrrole carrying a formyl substituent at the 2-position.


A derivative of cacibiocin A where the hydrogen atoms in positions 6 and 8 of the coumarin moiety are substituted with chlorine atoms.


thio-fatty acid

Any fatty acid having at least one SH substituent.


Isoceanothic acid

A steroid acid isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa.


butyrate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is butyric acid.


tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups.


An ergostanoid that is (5alpha)-ergosta-8,24(28)-diene substituted by hydroxy groups a positions 3 and 11 and an oxo group at position 7 (the 3beta,11alpha stereoisomer). It has been isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus.


hydroxy fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety.


2-(Methanesulfonamido)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


DL-Arginine

An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.


A steroid acid, the 4-carboxy-4-methyl derivative of zymosterol.


phenylacetic acids

Any monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid or its substituted derivatives.


Viscosalactone B

A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergost-24-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 27 and oxo groups at positions 1 and 26. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


N-acetyl-L-amino acid

An L-amino acid having an N-acetyl substituent.


Nocodazole

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidalole which is substituted at position 2 by a (methoxycarbonyl)amino group and at position 5 by a 2-thienoyl group. It is an antineoplastic agent that exerts its effect by depolymerising microtubules.


An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 3-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.


methyl-branched fatty acid

Any branched-chain fatty acid containing methyl branches only.


fatty acid 4:0

Any saturated fatty acid containing 4 carbons.


The (25S)-diastereomer of 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al.


heptenedioic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is heptene carrying two carboxy groups.


amino acid ester

Any  carboxylic ester derivative of an amino acid.


A C21-steroid that is  pregnane substituted by an oxo group at position 20 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


cinnamic acids

Any alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid based on the cinnamic acid skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


pentanone

Any ketone that is pentane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.


Vernolic acid

An optically active form of vernolic acid having (12S,13R)-configuration.


Zhankuic acid B

A steroid acid that is ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-26-oic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, a methyl group at position 4 and oxo groups at positions 7 and 11 (the 3alpha,4alpha,5alpha stereoisomer). Isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea and Antrodia camphorata, it exhibits cytotoxic, anticholinergic and antiserotonergic activities.


A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 22 carbons in total and 1 double bond.


Colestolone

A 3beta-hydroxysteroid consisting of 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene having an additional oxo group at the 15-position.


Aconitic acid

A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.


A hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common.


DL-Serine

An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.


A cholestanoid resulting from the oxidation of (25R)-3beta,26-dihydroxycholest-5-en-7-one to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-thienylacetic acid with the amino group of methyl 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylate. It is a selective inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs).


coumaric acid

A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group at position 3.


triketone

A compound that contains three ketone functionalities.


3-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid

A steroid acid resulting from the oxidation of one of the terminal methyl groups of cholesterol to the corresponding aldehyde.


cyclopropanecarboxylate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol with the carboxy group of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or its substituted derivatives.


methyl-L-glutamic acid

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid substituted with a methyl group.


benzimidazolecarboxylic acid

A member of the class of  benzimidazoles carrying a carboxy group at unspecified position.


Isofetamid

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-methylthiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-1-(4-isopropoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one.


cinnamaldehydes

An  enal based on a cinnamaldehyde skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


surugapyrrole B

A pyrrolecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of 1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-aminopropanoic acid. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp.USF-6280 and exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity.


A N-acyl-L-amino acid  that is L-glutamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group is replaced by an acyl group.


fatty aldehyde

An aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxylic acid group of its corresponding fatty acid, having a carbonyl group at one end of the carbon chain.


dihydrochalcones

Any ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropanone and its derivatives obtained by substitution.


alpha-amino acid ester

The amino acid ester derivative obtained the formal condensation of an alpha-amino acid with an alcohol.


naphthaldehydes

An  arenecarbaldehyde that is a mono or poly-substituted naphthalene in which at least one of the substituents is a formyl group.


(R)-Warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (R)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


cardiac glycoside

Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.


carboxylic ester

An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.


imidazolyl carboxylic acid

Any member of the class of imidazoles in which the imidazole ring is substituted by one (or more) carboxy group(s).


DL-Tartaric acid

A tetraric acid that is butanedioic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3.


steroid aldehyde

Any steroid substituted by a formyl group.


Phosphonoacetic acid

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.


fatty acid 26:0

A saturated fatty acid containing 26 carbons and 0 double bonds.


octadecenoic acid

Any member of the group of C18 monounsaturated fatty acids with the double bond located at any position in the chain.


retinyl palmitate

A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.


arenecarbaldehyde

Any aldehyde in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic moiety.


N-Acetyltyrosine

An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.


1H-pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic Acid

A pyrroledicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are located at positions 2 and 5.


Tolfenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.


propanoate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is  propionic acid.


The 5beta-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxypregnan-20-one.


olefinic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond.


essential fatty acid

Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement.


An aldehyde that is thiophene substituted by a formyl group at position 3.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying an additional formyl substituent at position 4alpha.


A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.


fatty acid 20:4

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.


4-Cyclopropyl-2-[[2-[(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)methylthio]-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


4-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy substituent gamma to a carboxy group.


hydroxy-L-lysine

A hydroxy-amino acid that is L-lysine substituted by hydroxy groups.


17alpha-hydroxywithanolide D

A withanolide that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of withanolide D. Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum and Withania somnifera, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


dicarboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.


Withalongolide N

A steroid saponin that is the monosaccharide derivative of the 19-norwithanolide. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


(S)-Acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


beta-triketone

A triketone in which the each ketone functionality is located beta- to the other two.


epoxy monocarboxylic acid

Monocarboxylic acids containing at least one epoxy group.


N-acetyl-amino acid

An N-acyl-amino acid that has acetyl as the acyl group.


macrolide lactam

A macrolide in which the macrocyclic lactone ring includes an amide group.


(S)-dihydrolipoic acid

The (S)-enantiomer of dihydrolipoic acid.


D-erythro-Isocitric acid

The D-erythro-stereoisomer of isocitric acid.


N-acyl-amino acid

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid.


DL-Valine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.


benzenedicarboxylic acid

A member of the class of benzoic acids in that consists of benzene substituted by two carboxy groups (A closed class).


indole-3-acetic acids

An  indol-3-yl carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid specified is acetic acid.


A steroid acid that is 5alpha-cholest-7-en-26-oic acid that has S configuration at position 25 and is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3alpha position. It is an endogenous ligand for DAF-12 in Caenorhabditis elegans.


DL-Aspartic acid

An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent


glucaric acid

A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.


An oxo seco-steroid that is a meta-cleavage metabolite in the estrogen degradation pathway; an unstable precursor to pyridinestrone acid.


2-Amino-6-oxohexanoic acid

An alpha-amino acid consisting of lysine having an oxo group in place of the side-chain amino group.


2-[[(4-Bromo-1-ethyl-3-pyrazolyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-4-phenyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


gamma-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group.


Carpronium chloride

The chloride salt of carpronium. It is a hair growth stimulant used for the treatment of alopecia.


(Z)-roxithromycin

A minor geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.


An alanine derivative that is D-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 2-thienyl group.


dihalogenated L-tyrosine

An L-tyrosine derivative which has two halogeno-substituents on the benzyl moiety.


A steroid glycoside isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxicity against human tumour cell lines.


alpha-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.


An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.


(S)-methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has S configuration.  Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


(-)-leukotoxin B

An optically active form of vernolic acid having (12R,13S)-configuration.


withalongolide L

A steroid saponin that is the monosaccharide derivative of the 19-norwithanolide. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


N-substituted pyrraline

Pyrraline in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an organyl group.


docosatrienoic acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 3 double bonds


An epoxy steroid that is pregnenolone which has an epoxy group whose oxygen is attached to the 16alpha and 17alpha-positions.


2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid [3-methyl-1-oxo-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)butan-2-yl] ester


A thiophene that is substituted by acetyl and methyl groups at positions 2 and 5, respectively.


pyrrolecarboxylic acid

Any pyrrole carrying a single carboxylic acid group.


D-Gluconic acid, delta-lactone

An aldonolactone obtained by formal oxidation of the anomeric position of any aldopyranose.


macrolide antibiotic

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity.


A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing oxo and 5-ethyl-2-thienyl groups at position 4.


(S)-carisoprodol

The (S)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


hexadecenal

A monounsaturated fatty acid aldehyde that is hexadecanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at unspecified position.


omega-6 fatty acid

A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.


A deuterated compound that is is an isotopologue of glycine in which all five hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium.


2-Amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid

An aminobenzoic acid in which the the amino group is ortho- to the carboxylic acid group, and which is substituted para- to the amino group by a nitro group.


A member of the class of quinoline N-oxides that is 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-1lambda(5)-quinolin-4-one carrying an additional (2E,6E)-farnesyl group at position 3.


chalcones

A ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropenone (benzylideneacetophenone), ArCH=CH(=O)Ar, and its derivatives formed by substitution.


2,4-Hexadienedioicacid, 2-amino-

The 2-amino derivative of muconic acid.


3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid with S configuration at C-24.


cyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing anywhere in its structure a ring of atoms.


A  steroid lactone that is a derivative of ergostanoid, isolated from the culture extract of Aspergillus ochraceus.


An  ergostanoid that is (5alpha)-ergosta-8,24(28)-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 7. It has been isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus.


Uvaretin

A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is 1,3-diphenylpropan-1-one in which the phenyl group that is bonded to the carbonyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4, an o-hydroxybenzyl group at position 3, and a methoxy group at position 6. A cytotoxic natural product found  particularly in Uvaria acuminata and Uvaria chamae.


carboxybiphenyl

Any member of the class of biphenyls that has one or more carboxy groups attached to the biphenyl skeleton.


glutamic semialdehyde

An  aldehydic acid derived from the  formal reduction of one of the carboxy groups glutamic acid to a formyl group.


acetophenones

A class or aromatic ketone consisting of acetophenone, PhC(=O)CH3, and its substituted derivatives.


short-chain fatty acid

An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid.


D-Dopa

The D-enantiomer of dopa.


(2R)-2-hydroxyhexanedioic acid

An adipic acid derivative having a (2R)-hydroxy substituent.


monounsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment.


hydroxytryptophan

A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.


heptadecenoic acid

Any C17 straight-chain monounsaturated fatty acid having one C=C double bond.


Hexaenoic acid

A hexenoic acid having its double bond at position 2.


2-Thiopheneacetic acid

A thiophene compound having a carboxymethyl group at the 2-position.


A 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-formyl-4alpha-methylsteroid resulting from the formal oxidation of the 4beta-hydroxymethyl group of 4beta-hydroxymethyl-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol to the corresponding formyl group.


Nitrosulindac

A carboxylic ester that is the 4-(nitrooxy)butyl ester of sulindac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which also has anticancer activity.


Marinopyrrole A

A member of the class of pyrroles that is 1'H-1,3'-bipyrrole substituted by four chloro groups at positions 4, 4', 5 and 5' and two 2-hydroxybenzoyl moieties at positions 2 and 2'. It is isolated from Streptomyces sp.CNQ-418 and exhibits cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.


A 26-oxo steroid resulting from the oxidation of one of the terminal methyl groups of cholesterol to the corresponding aldehyde.


(25S)-cholestenoic acid

A cholestanoid that is (25S)-cholest-5-en-26-oic acid bearing a 3beta-hydroxy substituent.


2-[[2-furanyl(oxo)methyl]amino]-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


chlorobenzoic acid

Any member of the class of benzoic acids in which the benzene ring is substituted by at least one chloro group.


heptenone

Any ketone that ia heptane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.


A pyrrole carrying an acetyl substituent at the 2-position.


Edcme

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 3-hydroxy group carries a carboxymethyl substituent.


ketone body

A carbonyl compound produced as a water-soluble byproduct when fatty acids are broken down for energy in the liver. There are three endogenous ketone bodies: acetone, acetoacetic acid, and (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid; others may be produced as a result of the metabolism of synthetic triglycerides.


5-Hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid having the carboxy group at the 2-position as well as a hydroxy group at the 5-position.


Undecenal

An undecenal in which the C=C bond is located at the 2-3 position.


Finafloxacin

A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 by cyclopropyl, fluoro, hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl and cyano groups respectively; an antibiotic used for treatment of acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear) caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.


Lactic Acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.


erythromycin

Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).


enoate ester

An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


fatty acid 20:5

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 5 double bonds.


medium-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.


Withalongolide E

A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergost-24-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 11 and 27, a methoxy group at position 3 and oxo groups at positions 1 and 26. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


Sinapic acid

A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl hydrogens at positions 3, 4, and 5 are replaced by methoxy, hydroxy, and methoxy groups, respectively.


primary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a -CH2 (methylene) group.


carbonyl compound

Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.


A steroid saponin that is 3,16,17-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 2-O-acetyl-3-O-[2-O-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 16 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and Galtonia candicans, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


A 3beta-sterol that consists of 4beta-methylzymosterol in which the 4alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a formyl group.


A quinolone that is 4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5(1H)-one substituted by methyl, (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl, 2-fluorophenyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 7, respectively (the 4S,7S-stereoisomer). It is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3) and a ferroptosis inducer.


A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons in total and 1 double bond.


fatty acid methyl ester

A fatty acid ester that is the carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of a fatty acid with methanol.


enal

An alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


delta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position delta to the carboxy group.


Scillirosidin

A steroid lactone that is bufanolide bearing hydroxy substituents at the 3beta-, 8- and 14beta-positions, a 6beta-acetoxy group and an aromatised pyrone in place of the tetrahydropyrone moiety at the 17-position.


The R stereoisomer of (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal.


fatty acid 18:3

Any trienoic fatty acid containing 18 carbons.


DL-Asparagine

An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.


3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid

A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring.


D-Citramalic acid

The D-enantiomer of citramalic acid.


undecenal

A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is undecanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at unspecified position.


aldaric acid

Dicarboxylic acids formed from aldoses by replacement of both terminal groups (CHO and CH2OH) by carboxy groups.


fatty acid ester

A carboxylic ester in which the carboxylic acid component can be any fatty acid.


gulonic acid

A hexonic acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde group of gulose to a carboxylic acid group.


octadecanoid

Unsaturated C18 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.


hydroxy-L-glutamic acid

A hydroxy-amino acid  that is L-glutamic acid substituted by at least one hydroxy group.