A 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid that is cortisol in which the 20-oxo group has been reduced to a hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of cortisol identified in the urine of horses and humans, and its urinary excretion is increased in obesity.


A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 5alpha-pregane-3-one carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 20beta-position.


flavanones

Members of the class of flavans with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


7alpha,24-Dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one with S-configuration at C-24.


Any 3-oxo steroid that contains a double bond between positions 1 and 2.


Methyltrienolone

A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.


Halosterol A

A 3-oxo steroid that is stigmast-4-en-3-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 22 (the 22R stereoisomer). Isolated from the whole plants of Haloxylon recurvum, it exhibits chymotrypsin inhibitory activity.


An androstanoid that is epiandrosterone substituted by an oxo group at position 7.


Trenbolone

A 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid that is estra-4,9,11-triene carrying an oxo group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 17beta. It is a synthetic anabolic steroid used for muscle growth in livestock.


An  ergostanoid that is ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 11 and an oxo group at position 3. Isolated from a myxobacterial strain Sorangiineae, it exhibits activity against colon  adinocarcinoma cells.


An androstanoid that is testosterone substituted by a alpha-hydroxy group at position 2. A natural product found in Daphnia magna exposed to the biocide tributyltin.


Equilenin

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mare's and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.


A C21-steroid that is corticosterone in which the 20-oxo group has been reduced to a hydroxy group.


A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is zymosterol which has been substituted by a methyl group at C-4, and in which the 3-hydroxy function has been oxidised to an oxo group.


alicyclic ketone

A cyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.


Prenortestosterone

A 3-oxo steroid that is estr-5(10)-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.


An androstanoid that is  testosterone substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 16. A natural product found in Daphnia magna exposed to the biocide tributyltin.


A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-en-3-one which carries a hydroxy group at position 25.


6-Deoxoteasterone in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisone carrying a hydroxy group at the 6alpha position. It is a metabolite of prednisone found in human urine.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregn-4-en-3-one carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 20 and 21.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisolone carrying a hydroxy group at the 6beta position. It is a metabolite of prednisolone found in human urine.


Fluticasone furoate

A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a 2-furoyl substituent at position 17. Used in combination with vilanterol trifenate for treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3' and 5' respectively.


A 3-oxo steroid that is cortisone in which the double bond between positions 4 and 5 has been reduced to a single bond.


Betamethasone dipropionate

A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy hydrogens at positions 17 and 21 are replaced by propanoyl groups. It is used in combination with calcipotriene hydrate, a synthetic vitamin D analogue, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.


Fluticasone

A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.


A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid that is 5beta-cholestan-3-one bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 7alpha .


A glucocorticoid that is prednisone carrying a hydroxy group at the 6beta position. It is a metabolite of prednisone found in human urine.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is campest-4-en-3-one bearing an additional 22S-hydroxy substituent.


Any hydroxyflavanone in which a hydroxy group is present at position 3 of the heterocyclic ring.


A C21-steroid that is pregnane which contains a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by hydroxy groups at the 17alpha and 20 positions.


Megestrol

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and hydroxy groups at positions 7alpha and 26. It has R-configuration at position 25.


A steroid that consists of androstane having double bonds at positions 1 and 4, two keto groups at positions 3 and 17 and a hydroxy group at position 9.


Stachsterol

A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 25 and an oxo group at position 3. Isolated from Stachyurus himalaicus, it exhibits cytotoxic activity against human Hela cell lines.


An  androstanoid that is androst-4-ene substituted by an alpha-fluoro group at position 2 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.


A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid formed from aldosterone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.


methoxyflavanone

A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more methoxy substituents.


Diflorasone

The 16beta-analogue of flumethasone. It is used as the 17,21-diacetate as a topical anti-inflammatory and antipruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisolone in which the oxo group at position 20 has been reduced to the corresponding alpha-hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of prednisolone.


7alpha,24-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one with S configuration at C-24.


A 26-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one in which the 25-position has S-configuration.


Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.


An 11-oxo steroid that is corticosterone in which the hydroxy substituent at the 11beta position has been oxidised to give the corresponding ketone.


An androstanoid that is testosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 1beta-position. A metabolite of testosterone.


A steroid ester that is pregn-4-en-21-yl acetate substituted by oxo group at positions 3 and 20, a methyl group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 17 respectively.


Ethisterone

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.


tetrahydroxyflavanone

A hydroxyflavanone with atleast four hydroxy substituents.


Hydroxydione

A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid formed from 11-deoxycorticosterone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.


Clobetasol Propionate

The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is  dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional oxo group at position 7.


A 3-oxo steroid that has alpha configuration at position 5.


Tixocortol

A steroid sulfide in which the sulfanyl group is at C-21 of a polyoxygenated derivative of pregn-4-ene.


A steroid saponin that is 6beta-hydroxytestosterone attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 6 via glycosidic linkage.


Any 3-oxo steroid that has beta- configuration at position 5.


A 16-hydroxyprednisolone in which the hydroxy group at position 16 adopts alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of budesonide found in human urine and plasma.


A 3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid containing an additional double bond between positions 4 and 5.


A 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid that is 5alpha-estrane which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3, a hydroxy group at the 17beta position, and which has a double bond between positions 1 and 10. It is a 19-norsteroid arising from successive oxidation of dihydrotestosterone at C19.


A C21-steroid that is cortisone in which the oxo group at position 20 is replaced by a hydroxy group.


A C21-steroid that is pregnane which contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6 and is substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20 as well as a hydroxy group at position 17.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 4-hydroxyestrone having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 4.


A 17-oxo steroid that is estrone in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a methoxy group.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 20 is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of prednisone found in human urine.


An androstanoid that is dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 7beta-position. It is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone.


Fludrocortisone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.


A brassinosteroid that is 6-deoxocathasterone in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone.


20(S)-Hydroxy Prednisolone

A glucocorticoid that is prednisolone in which the oxo group at position 20 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of prednisolone.


6-Dehydro Prednisolone

A glucocorticoid that is prednisolone in which a double bond is introduced at position 6. It is a metabolite of prednisolone found in human urine.


Clocortolone pivalate

The 21-O-pivalate ester of clocortolone. It is used for the relief of inflammatory and pruritic (itching) skin disorders.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 2-hydroxyestrone having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 2.


A C19-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 1alpha-position


A C18 steroid with 5beta-configuration formed from nandrolone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.


A  C21-steroid that is cortisone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. It is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.


A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone that contains an additional double bond between positions 6 and 7.


deoxycortisol

A 3,20-dioxo steroid having the structure of cortisol but lacking one or more of its hydroxy groups.


An androstanoid that is 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone carrying an additional hydroxy susbstituent at position 18.


monomethoxyflavanone

Any methoxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a methoxy group.


Any methoxyflavanone having a methoxy substituent located at position 3'.


A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid that is 5beta-pregnan-3-one carrying an additional 20alpha-hydroxy substituent.


indanone

An ortho-fused bicyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a cyclopentanone.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position.


A deoxycortisol that is 17xi-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11 and an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17. It is a marker of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.


A 2-hydroxy steroid that is 2-hydroxyestrone in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding methyl ether.


dihydroxyflavanone

Any  hydroxyflavanone carrying two hydroxy substituents.


A steroid ester that is pregn-4-en-21-yl acetate substituted by a fluoro group at position 9, hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 17 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 20 respectively.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.


A 3-oxo Delta(1)-steroid with 5beta-configuration formed from 17beta-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.


Calotropone

A 20-oxo steroid that is 17alpha-pregn-5-en-20-one substituted by a benzoyloxy group at position 12 and hydroxy groups at positions 3, 14 and 17 (the 3beta,12beta,14beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from the roots of Calotropis gigantea and displays inhibitory effects towards chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 and human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell lines.


A urobilin that consists of 3,18-diethyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,4,5,15,16,19,22,24-octahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19 (the 4S,10Z,16R-iseomer).


A dicarboximide that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a p-bromophenyl group.


An oct-1-en-3-ol that has S-configuration.


An oct-1-en-3-ol that has R-configuration.


(dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid carrying a dihydroxyphenyl substituent at position 3.


NSC 23766 trihydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of NSC 23766 with 3 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride. An inhibitor of the signalling G-protein known as RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1).


Fructosyl-lysine

A glyco-amino acid consisting of a D-fructosyl residue attached to the epsilon-amino group of L-lysine.


A mononitrophenol that is 4-nitrophenol and its derivatives resulting from substitution of one or more of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring by a non-nitro group.


n-alkanal

An  aliphatic aldehyde obtained by formal oxygenation of one of the terminal methyl groups of any straight-chain alkane.


Double green

An iminium salt composed of (4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl][4-(trimethylazaniumyl)phenyl]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(dimethyl)ammonium and chloride ions in a 1:2 ratio. A histological dye used to demonstrate nucleic acids by the Unna-Pappenheim stain, in conjunction with Pyronin Y.


methylbenzene

Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.


A brassinosteroid that is castasterone carrying an alpha-D-glucosyl residue at position O-23.


hemiacetal

A compound having the general formula RR'C(OH)OR'' (R'' =/= H).


lactol

Cyclic hemiacetals formed by intramolecular addition of a hydroxy group to an aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl group. They are thus 1-oxacycloalkan-2-ols or unsaturated analogues.


D-Fructose

A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose.


cyclic hemiketal

A hemiacetal  having the structure R2C(OH)OR (R =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The term 'cyclic hemiketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.


hemiketal

A hemiacetal having the structure RR(1)C(OH)OR(2) (R, R(1), R(2) =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group.


Ecdysone

A 6-oxo steroid that is 5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 14, 22 and 25 respectively (the 2beta, 3beta, 22R stereoisomer). It is a steroid prohormone of the major insect moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone.


Podecdysone B

A phytoecdysteroid that consists of 5beta-cholesta-8,14-dien-6-one bearing five hydroxy substituents at positions 2, 3, 20, 22 and 25.


N-acylneuraminic acid

Any neuraminic acid carrying an N-acyl substituent.


N-Acetyl-Neuraminic Acid

An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.


pyridinecarboxamide

A member of the class of pyridines that is a substituted pyridine in which at least one of the substituents is a carboxamide or N-substituted caraboxamide group.


Chlorfenapyr

A member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests.


Tralopyril

A pyrrole resulting from the N-dealkylation of the ethoxymethyl group of chlorfenapyr. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide chlorfenapyr.


maleimides

Compounds containing a cyclic dicarboximide skeleton in which the two carboacyl groups on nitrogen together with the nitrogen itself form a 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione structure.


Mevalonate

A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising valeric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 5-positions together with a methyl group at the 3-position.


A  1,3,4-oxadiazole substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group at position 2 and a 5-methyl-2-thienyl group at position 5.


An oxime O-ether consisting of progesterone having an O-(carboxymethyl)oxime group at the 3-position and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha-position.


tertiary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a secondary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1)R(2).


A member of the class of benzotriazoles that is 1H-benzotriazole which is substituted by a 2-{[4-(2-methylpropanamido)phenyl][(thiophen-3-yl)methyl]amino}-2-oxoethyl group at position 1. It is a 3C-like protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV and bat coronavirus HKU4.


A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the sulfonic acid group of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of (2R)-2-amino-N-(2-furylmethyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-thienylmethyl)acetamide. OSMI-1 is a cell permeable inhibitor of O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (O-GlcNAc transferase, OGT).


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines.


A member of the class of benzotriazoles that is 1H-benzotriazole which is substituted by a 2-oxo-2-{(4-propanamidophenyl)[(thiophen-3-yl)methyl]amino}ethyl group at position 1.  It is a 3C-like protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV and bat coronavirus HKU4.


A monochlorobenzene that is benzene substituted by (chloroacetyl){2-oxo-2-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]-1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl}amino, chloro and methoxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a covalent inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) that induces ferroptosis in cells.


4-[dimethylamino(oxo)methyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.


DL-Adrenaline

A catecholamine in which the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted at C-1 and methylated on nitrogen.


A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.


omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid

A omega-hydroxy-fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C6 to C12.


DL-Cysteine

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.


hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


(2R)-2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid

A 2-hydroxymyristic acid having 2R-configuration.


HODE

Hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, formed in mammalian cells from the corresponding hydroperoxy compounds (HPODEs).


9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid

A hydroxy-fatty acid formally derived from octacecanoic (stearic) acid by hydroxy substitution at positions 9 and 10.


hydroxyoctadecanoic acid

A hydroxy fatty acid that is ocatadecanoic acid (stearic acid) in which the aliphatic chain has been substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.


(3R)-3-hydroxy fatty acid

A 3-hydroxy fatty acid in which the carbon at position 3 has R configuration.


3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid

An 8-carbon, beta-hydroxy fatty acid which may be a marker for primary defects of beta-hydroxy fatty acid metabolism. Repeating unit of poly(3-hydroxyoctanoic acid), a biopolymer used by numerous bacterial species as carbon and energy reserves.


(3S)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid

A 3-hydroxypentanoic acid in which the chiral centre at position 3 has S-configuration.


(r)-3-Hydroxyvaleric acid

A 3-hydroxypentanoic acid in which the chiral centre at position 3 has R-configuration.


hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid

A omega-hydroxy-fatty acid with a chain length of less than C6.


(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid

A hydroxy fatty acid that is a straight-chain fatty acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon adjacent to the terminal methyl group (i.e. at the (omega-1) position) is replaced by a hydroxy group.


3-Hydroxybutyric acid

A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.


omega-hydroxy fatty acid

Any member of the class of naturally-occurring straight-chain fatty acids n carbon atoms long with a carboxyl group at position 1 and a hydroxyl at position n (omega).


2-Hydroxybutyric acid

A hydroxybutyric acid having a single hydroxyl group located at position 2; urinary secretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid is increased with alcohol ingestion or vigorous physical exercise and is associated with lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in humans and diabetes in animals.


2-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid

A long-chain fatty acid that is stearic (octadecanoic) acid substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group.


2-hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid with a hydroxy functional group in the alpha- or 2-position.


alpha-Hydroxy myristic acid

A 2-hydroxymyristic acid having 2S-configuration.


3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid

A 3-hydroxy fatty acid that is tetradecanoic (myristic) acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group


2-Hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid

A branched-chain fatty acid that is 3-methylpentanoic acid carrying a hydroxy substitutent at position 2.


2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic acid

A  hydroxybutyric acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively.


3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid

A medium-chain fatty acid that is the 3-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid;  associated with fatty acid metabolic disorders.


3-hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid with a hydroxy functional group in the beta- or 3-position. beta-Hydroxy fatty acids accumulate during cardiac hypoxia, and can also be used as chemical markers of bacterial endotoxins.


(R)-2-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid. Found in patients with short-bowel syndrome (an inborn error of metabolism), and in maple syrup urine disease, MSUD.


A HODE that consists of (10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid with the hydroxy substituent located at position 9.


hydroxybutyric acid

Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.


A CDP-glycerol in which the 2-postion of the glycerol portion has R-configuration.


Alcuronium chloride

Chloride salt of alcuronium.


Ammonium fluoride

A fluoride salt having ammonium (NH4+) as the counterion.


Ammonium Chloride

An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.


Ammonium bromide

An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.


Butenafine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of butenafine. An inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, it is used for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.


poly(L-lysine) hydrobromide

The hydrobromide salt of poly(L-lysine).


Phosphate ion

A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate.


aryl dialkyl phosphate

Any aryl phosphate having a single aryl substituent and two alkyl substituents.


diadenosyl hexaphosphate

A diadenosyl polyphosphate that consists of two adenosinyl moieties bridged by a hexaphosphate.


5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate

A  ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.


aminophospholipid

A phospholipid that contains one or more amino groups.


xanthosine 5'-phosphate

xanthosine phosphate compounds having phosphate groups at position 5'.


acyl monophosphate

An organic phosphate ester or anhydride formed by condensation of phosphoric acid with a carboxylic acid.


D-ribose 5-phosphate

A ribose monophosphate that is D-ribose substituted at position 5 by a phosphate group. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.


N-acylsphingosine 1-phosphate

A ceramide phosphate compound having the phosphate group in the 1-position and an unspecified acyl group atached to the nitrogen atom.


purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate

A purine nucleoside monophosphate in which the sugar component is specified as arabinosyl.


adenyl nucleotide

A  nucleotide having adenine as the base.


phosphagen

Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


nucleoside 5'-phosphate

A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-5 of the ribose ring is mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphorylated.


NAD(P)H

A coenzyme that may be NADH or NADPH.


olefinic phospholipid

Any phospholipid that contains an olefinic function.


nucleoside phosphate

A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates.


myo-inositol monophosphate derivative

Any myo-inositol monophosphate which has been derivatised.


An NADP obtained by formal reduction of the 1,2-position in the pyridine ring of beta-NAD.


N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate

A D-galactosamine 1-phosphate compound having an N-acetyl substituent.


2-deoxyribose phosphate

A deoxyaldopentose phosphate in which the deoxyaldopentose is 2-deoxyribose.


NADP

Abbreviation for nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate when its oxidation state is unknown or unspecified.


D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

A glucosamine phosphate that is D-glucosamine substituted by a phosphate group at position 6.


monophosphoglyceric acid

A glyceric acid phosphate in which only one of the hydroxy groups has been phosphorylated.


2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid

A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.


sphingoid 1-phosphate

A generic class of  phosphosphingolipids, encompassing monophosphorylated derivatives of sphinganine, its homologues and stereoisomers, as well as the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.


Nicotinamide-Adenine-Dinucleotide

The oxidised form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide found in all living cells. In metabolism, NAD(+) is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another.


N-acyl-D-mannosamine phosphate

Any mannosamine phosphate having D-configuration and carrying an N-acyl substituent.


2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate

The alpha-anomer of 2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 1-phosphate.


bisphosphoglyceric acid

A glyceric acid phosphate in which both of the hydroxy groups have been phosphorylated.


deoxyribonucleotide

A nucleotide in which the ribose moiety has one or more of its hydroxy groups substituted by hydrogen.


An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.


aldonic acid phosphate

An aldonic acid in which at least one of the hydroxy groups has been phosphorylated.


ceramide 1-phosphate

A phosphosphingolipid consisting of any ceramide phosphorylated at position 1


organic triphosphate

An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of triphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols.


diadenosyl tetraphosphate

A diadenosyl polyphosphate that consists of two adenosinyl moieties bridged by a tetraphosphate.


An NADP obtained by formal reduction of the 1,6-position in the pyridine ring of beta-NAD.


guanyl nucleotide

A nucleotide having guanine as the base.


3-Phosphoglyceric acid

The D-enantiomer of 3-phosphoglyceric acid


NAD(P)

A coenzyme that may be NAD or NADP.


phosphoglyceric acid

An aldonic acid phosphate where the aldonic acid component is glyceric acid.


D-Galactosamine 1-phosphate

A galactosamine phosphate that is D-galactosamine substituted at position 1 by a monophosphate group.


organic diphosphate

An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of diphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols.


adenyl deoxyribonucleotide

A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleotide where the purine is adenine.


nucleotide

A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid.


phospho sugar

Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid.


Glycerophosphoric acid

A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group located at position 1.


D-Ribose 1-phosphate

A ribose monophosphate that is D-ribose substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.


D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

The pyranose form of D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.


N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate having the N-acyl specified as acetyl.


diadenosyl polyphosphate

A dinucleotide that consists of two adenosine moieties bridge by a chain of a variable number (from two to six) of phosphate units.


A 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-glucosamine phosphate having the phosphate group placed at the 6-position.


glucosamine phosphate

A hexosamine phosphate having glucosamine as the amino sugar component.


ribonucleoside bisphosphate

A nucleoside bisphosphate where sugar of the nucleoside is ribose.


pentose phosphate

Any phospho sugar that is the phosphate derivative of pentose.


phospholipid

A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides.


N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

A N-acyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.


guanyl deoxyribonucleotide

A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleotide where the purine is guanine.


nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate

A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-3 and C-5 of the ribose ring are engaged in formation of a cyclic mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphate.


D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate

The furanose form of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-mannosamine phosphate having the phosphate group placed at the 6-position.


purine nucleotide

Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.


purine nucleoside bisphosphate

A nucleoside bisphosphate that has a purine nucleobase.


purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate

A nucleoside phosphate consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxy groups on the sugar.


A ribose monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 5-position and an amino group in place of hydroxy at the anomeric centre.


2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate

A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate compound with the phosphate group in the 5'-position.


5-[Diethylamino(oxo)methyl]-4-methyl-2-(1-oxopentylamino)-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


flavanonol

a class of flavonoids that use the 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-phenylchromen-4-one (IUPAC name) backbone.


Pyridoxine Hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine.


Eprazinone dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining eprazinone with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.


A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 2-amino-3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadizole.


pyrazolone

A member of the class of pyrazoles in which one of the carbons of the pyrazole ring is substituted by an oxo group.


(S)-penthiopyrad

A 1-methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of penthiopyrad.


Betazole hydrochloride

The dihydrochloride salt of betazole.


5-[[3-(1,5-dimethyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1-oxoprop-2-enyl]amino]-3-methylthiophene-2,4-dicarboxylic acid O2-ethyl ester O4-propan-2-yl ester


(R)-penthiopyrad

A 1-methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of penthiopyrad.


Penthiopyrad

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-penthiopyrad. Used to control rust and Rhizoctonia diseases and also shows activity against grey mould, powdery mildew and apple scab.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by hydroxy groups at 4beta and 26 positions and has R-configuration at position 25.


Thioctic acid

A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.


An imidazoline that is 4,5-dihydroimidazole bearing a chloromethyl substituent at position 2.


(S)-Ethosuximide

The (S)-enantiomer of ethosuximide.


A 4-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid in which the 4-hydroxy group has S-configuration.


(R)-carbinoxamine

The (R)- (inactive) enantiomer of carbinoxamine.


Tioxazafen

A 1,2,4-oxadizole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 have been replaced by phenyl and thiophen-2-yl groups, respectively. It is used as a broad spectrum nematicidal seed treatment.


ribonucleoside

Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.


pyranone

Any of a class of cyclic chemical compounds that contain an unsaturated six-membered ring with one ring oxygen atom and an oxo substituent.


tetrahydrofuranone

Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.


methylpyridines

Any member of the class of pyridines that carries at least one methyl substituent.


pyrroline

Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.


The (R)-enantiomer of 3-methylthiofentanyl.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione.


pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside

A pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen.


Thiamin acetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is thiamine(1+) which carries an oxo group at position 2.


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate that has R configuration alpha to the carbonyl group and S configuration at the stereocentre bearing the nitrogen.


Carboxy-ptio

A mmeber of the class of imidazolines and organic radical that is 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-3lambda(5)-imidazol-1-yl]oxidanyl substituted at position 2 by a 4-carboxyphenyl group.


Tetrahydropyridine

Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring.


(R)-paliperidone

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one that is the (R)-enantiomer of paliperidone.


pyrimidinecarboxylic acid

Any pyrimidine that bears one or more carboxylic acid substituents.


xanthosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of xanthosine.


monohydroxypyridine

A hydroxypyridine carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


(S)-imazamox

The (S)-enantiomer of 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-(methoxymethyl)nicotinic acid.


A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of both nitrogens of pyridoxamine.


oxanes

Any organic heteromonocyclic compoundthat is oxane or its substituted derivatives.


oxolanes

Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton.


Rotoxamine

The (S)- (active) enantiomer of carbinoxamine.


(S)-ranolazine

An N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of ranolazine (the racemate is a drug used for treatment of chronic angina).


Tenocyclidine

A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and thiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A dissociative anaesthetic drug with halluccinogenic and stimulant effects. Its effects are similar to those of phencyclidine (PCP, an analogue with the thienyl group replaced by phenyl), but it is rather more potent.


(S)-Cycrimine

The (S)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


aminopyridine

Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.


(S)-paliperidone

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one that is the (S)-enantiomer of paliperidone.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol which has undergone formal oxidative coupling at positions 20 and 23 to the hydroxy group and methyl group, respectively, of methanol to afford the corresponding oxolane ring (the 20S,23R stereoisomer). It is less calcemic towards the vitamin D nuclear receptor than 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vivo.


That one of the three tautomers of pyrrole which has the double bonds at positions 1 and 3.


Monophosphothiamine

An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) monophosphate.


piperidinemonocarboxylic acid

Any member of the class of piperidines in which one of the carbons of the piperidine ring is substituted by a carboxy group.


nucleoside

An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents.


(R)-imazamox

The (R)-enantiomer of 5-(methoxymethyl)-2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid.


A tetrahydropyridine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine having a carboxy group at the 2-position.


A pyranone based on the structure of 2H-pyran-2-one and its substituted derivatives.


Cetylpyridinium bromide

A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.


Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


adenosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of adenosine.


The (R)-(+)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside

A deoxyribonucleoside containing a pyrimidine base.


A 2,2'-bithiophene that is 1,3,4-oxadiazole bearing 2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl and 4-methoxybenzyl groups at positions 2 and 5 respectively.


(S)-doxapram

The (S)-enantiomer of doxapram.


The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.


Timolol

The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.


pyrimidine nucleobase

A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from pyrimidine.


Rivaroxaban

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.


diazoline

A five-membered organic heteromonocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and a double bond.


purine ribonucleoside

A ribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration).


A member of the class of furans that in which the furan ring is substituted by a (2-amino-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-5(4H)-ylidene)methyl group at position 2 and a 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl group at position 5, and i which the amino substituent of the thiazolone has been substituted by a 3-carboxy-4-chlorophenyl group. It is a direct activator of the alpha-subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, AMPK).


(r)-Omeprazole

A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has R configuration at the sulfur atom.


aminopyrimidine

A member of the class of  pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.


pyrrole

A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.


Streptonigrin

Complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces flocculus or S. rufochronmogenus. It is used in advanced carcinoma and causes leukopenia.


pyrimidone

A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents.


pyrimidines

Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure.


Thiazole

An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom.


inosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of inosine.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol which has undergone formal oxidative coupling at positions 20 and 23 to the hydroxy group and methyl group, respectively, of methanol to afford the corresponding oxolane ring (the 20S,23S stereoisomer). It is a superagonist of the vitamin D nuclear receptor in vitro, but is as calcemic in vivo as the natural ligand.


purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside

A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration).


Thiofentanyl

An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


Any pyridone that is pyridin-4-one or its derivatives by substitution of one of more of the hydrogens.


(R)-Piperidine-2-carboxylic acid

The D-enantiomer of pipecolic acid.


(R)-idazoxan

An idazoxan that has R configuration.


pyrimidine antifungal agent

A member of the class of pyrimidines that has significant antifungal properties.


Necrosulfonamide

A sulfonamide that is a 3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl derivative of (E)-N-(4-(N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrothiophene-2-yl)acrylamide. Necrosulfonamide specifically blocks necrosis downstream of the activation of RIP3 (the receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3), a key signalling molecule in the programmed necrosis (necroptosis) pathway.


Imazamox

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-imazamox. An inhibitor of acetohydroxyacid synthase, it is used (particularly as the corresponding ammonium salt, known as imazamox-ammonium) as a herbicide for the control of grass, broad-leaf weeds, and pond weed.


Pyridoxamine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. It is the inactive enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.


Fominoben

Any compound containing morpholine as part of its structure.


(R)-chlormezanone

The (R)-enantiomer of chlormezanone.


An oxazinane alkaloid that is methyl (4S)-1,3-oxazinane-4-carboxylate substituted by a (1H-pyrrol-2-yl group at position 2 and a 2-methylheptyl group at position 5. Isolated from Celastrus angulatus, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


l-Pipecolic acid

The L-enantiomer of pipecolic acid. It is a metabolite of lysine.


chloropyridine

Compounds containing a pyridine nucleus substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.


pyridinemonocarboxylic acid

A monocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is attached to a pyridine (or substituted pyridine) ring.


Idazoxan

A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.


furans

Compounds containing at least one furan ring.


Pyridoxal hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxal with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


guanosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of guanosine.


Thiamine(1+) aldehyde

A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is thiamine(1+) in which the 2-hydroxyethyl group has been replaced by a 2-oxoethyl group.


(R)-doxapram

The (R)-enantiomer of doxapram.


Distigmine bromide

An organic bromide salt of distigmine. It is an anticholinesterase drug used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and postoperative urinary retention.


hydroxymethylpyridine

Any member of the class of  pyridines carrying a hydroxymethyl substituent at unspecified position.


A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.


(R)-Ethosuximide

The (R)-enantiomer of ethosuximide.


purine deoxyribonucleoside

A deoxyribonucleoside containing a purine base.


Eszopiclone

The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.


Thiamine hydrochloride dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of thiamine hydrochloride.


hydroxypyridine

Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent.


Thiamine Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


(+)-Mefloquine

An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.


dihydrofuran

Compounds containing a mono-unsaturated furan ring skeleton.


A pyrrolidinone in which the oxo group is at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring.


Imazapyr

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-yl group, which in turn is substituted at positions 4, 4, and 5 by isopropyl, ethyl, and oxo groups, respectively.


VEGF Inducer, GS4012

A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of GS4012 with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


(R)-Zopiclone

The (5R)-enantiomer of zopiclone.


A nitrile that pyridine which is substituted by 2-thienyl, trifluoromethyl, cyano and methylthio groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.


(R)-ranolazine

An N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of ranolazine (the racemate is a drug used for treatment of chronic angina).


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate that has S configuration alpha to the carbonyl group and R configuration at the stereocentre bearing the nitrogen.


The (S)-enantiomer of 3-methylthiofentanyl.


A 1-pyrrolinecarboxylic acid that is 1-pyrroline in which one of the hydrogens at position 5 is replaced by a carboxy group.


Proline

An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.


purines D-ribonucleoside

A purine ribonucleoside that is a purine derivative attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.


A 5-methyl-2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid that has (R)-configuration.


pyrimidine antifungal drug

Any pyrimidine antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


A 5-methyl-2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid that has (S)-configuration.


A member of the class of oxazolidines that is isoxazoldin-3-one which is substituted at position 4 by an amino group.


Amprolium

An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.


Imazapic

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is 5-methylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-yl group, which in turn is substituted at positions 4, 4, and 5 by isopropyl, methyl, and oxo groups, respectively.


Pyrithiamine bromide

A pyridinium salt that is 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium having bromide as the counterion.


furoic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that consists of a furan ring having a single carboxylic acid group on any ring position and derivatives thereof.


diazines

Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure).


2-(Chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


Biperiden HCl

The hydrochloride salt of biperiden. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.


methylguanosine

Any guanosine carrying one or more methyl substituents.


(+)-Timolol

The (R)-(+) (less active) enantiomer of timolol.


(R)-Cycrimine

The (R)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside

A purine derivative attached to a beta-D-2'-deoxy-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.


barbiturates

Members of the class of pyrimidones consisting of pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (barbituric acid) and its derivatives. Largest group of the synthetic sedative/hypnotics, sharing a characteristic six-membered ring structure.


Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


pyridinedicarboxylic acid

Any member of the class of  pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.


(R)-Amlodipine

The (4R)-enantiomer of amlodipine.


monochloropyridine

A chloropyridine in which only one chlorine is attached to the pyridine ring.


(R)-Imazapyr

A 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)nicotinic acid that has R configuration.


monomethylxanthine

A methylxanthine carrying a single methyl substituent at any position.


A monomethylxanthine having the methyl group located at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of caffeine in humans.


An organic bromide salt having 9-benzyl-2-butyl-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-9H-beta-carbolin-2-ium as the counterion


Hydroxy(phenyl)2-thienylacetic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid bearing hydroxy and 2-thenyl substituents at position 2.


sedoheptulose derivative

A ketoheptose derivative that is formally obtained from sedoheptulose.


(E)-2-Amino-2-butenoic acid

Major species at pH 7.3


Pregnanolone

The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.


(R)-(+)-Bupivacaine Hydrochloride

The monohydrochloride salt of dextrobupivacaine.


N-alkylglycine

Any glycine derivative in which glycine is substituted at position 2 by an alkyl group.


N-methylglycines

An N-alkylglycine that is sarcosine and derivatives of sarcosine arising by replacement of the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen by a hydrocarbyl group.


organic oxo compound

Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.


Ureidosuccinic acid

An N-carbamoylamino acid that is aspartic acid with one of its amino hydrogens replaced by a carbamoyl group.


beta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position beta to the carboxy group.


(R)-Acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


1H-Pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid

A pyrroledicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.


Mandelic Acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are substituted by phenyl and hydroxyl groups.


(-)-trans-Permethrin

trans-Permethrin with configuration 1S,3R.


propanals

An aldehyde based on a propanal skeleton and its derivatives.


Coumermycin a1

A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.


haloacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a halogen atom.


Elvitegravir

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 7-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substited at position 1 by a 1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl group and at position 6 by a 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


2-Hexenedioic acid

A hexenedioic acid where the C=C double bond is located at the 2-position.


polyprenal

Any enal having a polyprenyl chain.


Pyoluteorin

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 4,5-dichloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group. It is a natural product found in Pseudomonas fluorescens which exhibits antibacterial properties and is a strong inducer of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.


Withalongolide C

A withanolide that is withaferin A substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11. Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


gamma-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine

A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.


branched-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents; a common component in animal and bacterial lipids. The fatty acyl chain is usually saturated and the substituent a methyl group; however, unsaturated BCFAs are found in marine animals, and branches other than methyl are found in microbial lipids.


oxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group.


macrolide

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide.


aromatic ketone

A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring.


N-acylglycine

An N-acyl-amino acid in which amino acid specified is glycine.


pyruvate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from pyruvate (i.e. alanine, valine, and leucine). A closed class.


monounsaturated fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde with one double or triple bond located at any position in the aliphatic chain.


(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid

A 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid that has (2S,3S)-configuration.


3-[[2-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenoxy)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid

Any 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a methylthio group.


acetylenic fatty acid

Any  unsaturated fatty acid containing at least one triple bond in the carbon chain framework.


Sitoindoside IX

A  withanolide saponin that consists of withaferin A attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 27 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


2,6-Diamino-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid

A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


2-methoxyethyl ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between a carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-methoxyethanol. In contrast to many other water-solubilising esters, the 2-methoxyethyl esters of many amino acids are crystalline, allowing them to be easily purified.


Tubocapsanolide A

A  withanolide that is 5beta,6beta:16alpha,17alpha-diepoxywitha-2,24-dienolide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and an oxo group at position 1. Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


A cholestanoid that is cholest-5-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 26 and oxo groups at positions 16 and 22 respectively.


long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at position 3 by a formyl group.


hydroxy-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid bearing one or more hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


2-(3-Formyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


Mesotrione

An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group.


Colubrinic acid

A steroid acid isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 5beta-cholestane containing a double bond between positions 7 and 8, and substituted by an oxo group at position 6 and by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 14alpha, 22 pro-R and 25 positions.


A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.


An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is soladulcidine carrying an acetoxy substituent at position 23


3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid carrying oxo- and methyl substituents at C-2 and C-3, respectively. An alpha-keto acid analogue and metabolite of isoleucine in man, animals and bacteria. Used as a clinical marker for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).


Acetylglutamine

A glutamine derivative with an acetyl group bound at the alpha-amino group.


A pyrrole having formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 respectively; useful as indicator of advanced stages of the Maillard reaction, which produces advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).


proteinogenic amino acid

Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.


N-Acetyl-DL-methionine

A methionine derivative that is methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.


An N-substituted pyrraline that is pyrraline in which the hydrogen attached to the pyrrole nitrogen has been replaced by a neopentyl (2,2-dimethylpropyl) group.


Estradiol benzoate

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.


N-formyl amino acid

Any N-acyl amino acid which has formyl as the acyl group.


Afalanine

The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.


benzaldehydes

Any arenecarbaldehyde that consists of a formyl substituted benzene ring and its substituted derivatives thereof.


pyrroledicarboxylic acid

A pyrrole compound having two carboxy substituents at any position on the ring.


2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid

A thiophenecarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2.


enone

An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


Sinularia glycoside

A steroid saponin that is 3,7,16-trihydroxyergosta-5,24(28)-diene substituted by a 4-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-alpha-L-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage (the 3beta,7beta,16beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Sinularia crispa, it exhibits spermatostatic activity.


CID 439670

A heptenedioic acid that is hept-2-enedioic acid substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.


L-Penicillamine

The L-enantiomer of penicillamine.


phthalic acid monoester

A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of an alcoholic or aromatic hydroxy group with just one of the two carboxy groups of phthalic acid.


hydroxycinnamic acid

Any member of the class of  cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


Zhankuic acid C

A steroid acid that is ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-26-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12, a methyl group at position 4 and oxo groups at positions 7 and 11 (the 3alpha,4alpha,5alpha,12alpha stereoisomer). Isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea and Antrodia camphorata, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


N-acyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


Chromopyrrolic acid

A pyrroledicarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by indol-3-yl groups.


polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.


heterocyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of atoms including at least one heteroatom.


Glyceric acid

A trionic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.


A 26-oxo steroid resulting from the oxidation of the terminal methyl group of 4beta,26-dihydroxycholesterol to the corresponding aldehyde.


(R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid

A 4-hydroxymandelic acid that has R-configuration.


DL-Methionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.


The (1R,2R)-stereoisomer of isocitric acid.


DL-Glutamine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.


An enal obtained by formal dehydrogenation across positions 2 and 3 of any n-alkanal


Withalongolide D

A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergost-24-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 19 and 27, a methoxy group at position 3 and oxo groups at positions 1 and 26. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


Malic Acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.


Epanova

A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.


23-Hydroxytubocapsanolide A

A withanolide that is the 23-hydroxy derivative of tubocapsanolide A. Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


fatty acid

Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids.


nitrogen-containing fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing nitrogen as either a substituent or a replacement for a methylene carbon.


2-[(4,4-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexyl)methylideneamino]-5-methyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.


Bambuterol hydrochloride, (R)-

The hydrochloride salt of (R)-bambuterol.


ureidocarboxylic acid

Any  carboxylic acid carrying a carbamoylamino group.


An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.


4-Hydroxycinnamic acid

A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.


Protodeoxyviolaceinic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 and 5 by indol-3-yl groups.


Nitroflurbiprofen

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of  flurbiprofen with the free hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent showing inhibitory effects against the cyclooxygenases COX1 and COX2.


(R)-bambuterol

The (R)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


3-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid

A 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropionic acid in which one of the hydrogens beta to the carboxy group is replaced by a hydroxy group.


oxo carboxylic acid

Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule.


alpha-diketone

A diketone that has its two ketone functionalities on adjacent atoms.


epoxy fatty acid

A heterocyclic fatty acid containing an epoxide ring as part of its structure.


succinate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the esterification of one or both of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. (Succinate ester in which only one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid has been esterified are known as hemisuccinates.)


pivalate ester

A carboxylic ester of pivalic acid.


Propyl hydroxyacetyl pyrrole

A pyrrole carrying propyl and hydroxyacetyl groups at the 1- and 2-positions respectively.


A steroid saponin that is 3,16,17-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 2-O-acetyl-3-O-[2-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 16 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid [2-oxo-2-(2-oxolanylmethylamino)ethyl] ester


A steroid acid consisting of 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene having a carboxy group at the 4-position.


A pregnane sterol that is 5beta-pregnane carrying hydroxy groups at positions 3alpha and 21, oxo group at position 11, a double bond between positions 17 and 20 and the D-ring of the steroid has been expanded to a 6-membered ring by the addition of a methylene group.


S-acylglutathione

Any glutathione carrying an S-acyl substituent.


(2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid having (2R)-configuration.


Withaferin A

A  withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


DL-Threonine

An alpha-amino acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


decanoate ester

A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of decanoic acid (capric acid) with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


hexenoic acid

A C6, medium-chain fatty acid carrying a double bond at any position along the main chain.


aromatic carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.


ketone

A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).


(2S)-2-aminoheptanedioic acid

A 2-aminopimelic acid that has S-configuration.


dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 5beta-cholestane containing a double bond between positions 7 and 8, and substituted by an oxo group at position 6 and by hydroxy groups at the 3beta and 14alpha positions.


9-Octadecenoic acid

An octadecenoic acid with a double bond at C-9.


withalongolide I

A  withanolide saponin that consists of 3-hydroxy-22,26-epoxyergosta-5,24-diene substituted by additonal hydroxy groups at positions 19 and 27, oxo groups at positions 1 and 26 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycodic linkage. It has been isolated from Physalis longifolia.


N-acyl-L-amino acid

Any N-acylamino acid having L-configuration.


(S)-bambuterol

The (S)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


heteroarenecarbaldehyde

An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene.


cholesteryl ester

A sterol ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of cholesterol.


An enal consisting of oct-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position.


glutamine family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class.


2-Hydroxylaminobenzoic acid

An  aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substutited by a hydroxyamino group at position 2.


(R)-Bopindolol

A 1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]propan-2-yl benzoate that has R-configuration.


N-acyl-aspartic acid

An aspartic acid derivative that is aspartic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group is replaced by an acyl group.


sulfur-containing carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent.


2,3-dihydro-3beta-methoxy withaferin A

A withanolide that is 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A substituted by a beta-methoxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


dimethenamid OXA

A monocarboxylic acid that is oxoacetic acid substituted by a (2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)amino group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the herbicide dimethenamid.


polyunsaturated fatty ester

Any fatty acid ester resulting from the formal esterification of the carboxy group of a polyunsaturated fatty acid.


A 3beta-hydroxysteroid consisting of 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholestane having an additional oxo group at the 15-position.


aldehyde

A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.


Any N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid that is L-lysine in which the N(6) amino group has been acylated.


aldonic acid

Any carbohydrate acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde functional group of an aldose to a carboxylic acid functional group. Aldonic acids have the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nC(=O)OH.


3-(Tert-butylsulfamoyl)-4-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal, (+)-

The S stereoisomer of (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal.


A 26-oxo steroid resulting from the oxidation of (25R)-3beta,26-dihydroxycholest-5-en-7-one to the corresponding aldehyde.


surugapyrrole A

A pyrrolecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-aminopropanoic acid. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp.USF-6280 and exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity.


unsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond.


omega-aminoaldehyde

An amino aldehyde that is an aliphatic aldehyde in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by an amino group. H2NCH2(CH2)nCHO, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc.


epsilon-lactone

Any lactone with a seven-membered ring.


A pyrrole formed via Maillard reaction of epsilon-aminocaproic acid with glucose.


oxo dicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid carrying one or more oxo groups.


Any oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 7.


oxopentanoic acid

A C5 fatty acid carrying an oxo group at any position.


A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17alpha.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


oxylipin

Any member of the group of bioactive lipids made by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


2-Amino-3-selanylpropanoic acid

An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.


D-Isoleucine

The D-enantiomer of isoleucine.


4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid which has a hydroxy group located gamma to the carboxy group.


hydroxypregnenolone

A C21-steroid that is pregnenolone in which a hydrogen attached to a carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.


naphthoic acid

An aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of a naphthalene skeleton substituted by one or more carboxy groups.


aldehydic acid

A monocarboxylic acid derived from any dicarboxylic acid that has a retained name by the formal reduction of one of the carboxy groups to a formyl group. The resulting structure, also known as a semialdehyde, may be named by replacing the ending '...ic acid' of the retained name of the dicarboxylic acid by the ending '...aldehydic acid'. Aldehydic acids therefore contain one carboxy group and one aldehyde group.


DL-Citrulline

The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.


octacarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing eight carboxy groups.


2-arylpropionic acid

A class of carboxylic acids of general formula RCHCH3C(=O)OH where R represents an aryl group.


DL-Histidine

An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.


2-oxo aldehyde

Any aldehyde having an oxo substituent at the 2-position.


N-acylglycine 18:1

An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond.


(S)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has S configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


A steroid acid resulting from stereoselective oxidation of one of the terminal methyl groups of 4beta-hydroxycholesterol to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that has a hydroxy group beta to the carboxy group.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is pregnenolone with a double bond between positions 16 and 17.


L-valyl ester

Any alpha-amino acid ester that has L-valine as the amino acid component.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying formyl and methyl substituents at position 4.


muconic semialdehyde

An aldehydic acid derived obtained by conversion of one of the carboxy groups of any muconic acid to the corresponding aldehyde.


Withanolide D

A  withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 22 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum and Withania somnifera, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


Withalongolide K

A steroid saponin that is the monosaccharide derivative of the 19-norwithanolide. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


20-oxo steroid

An oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 20.


lactone

Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy and carboxy groups respectively.


Withalongolide A

A withanolide that is withaferin A substituted by a hydroxy group at position 19. Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activitiy.


non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid

Any  alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


2-oxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid having a 2-oxo substituent.


A 4-hydroxymandelic acid that has S-configuration.


propanones

A ketone that is propane carrying at least one oxo substituent.


Any 3beta-hydroxy steroid which is substituted at the 4alpha and 4beta positions by formyl and methyl groups, respectively.


depsidones

Any  organic heteropolycyclic compound based on a tricyclic diphenyl ether lactone system and its substituted derivatives thereof.


An N-substituted pyrraline that is pyrraline in which the hydrogen attached to the pyrrole nitrogen has been replaced by a propyl group.


alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde

An aldehyde of general formula R-CH2-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is attached to a CH2 group at the alpha-position.


methylbutanal

Any member of the class of  butanals carrying a methyl substituent at an unspecified position.


cyanoamino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid modified by the addition of a cyano group.


HPODE

Hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acids, formed in mammalian cells by peroxidation of linoleic acid.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum saundersiae and Galtonia candicans and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


Pyrraline

An N-substituted pyrraline formed via Maillard reaction of L-lysine with glucose.


An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a 4-methylbenzyl group. Isolated from Onosma hispida, it exhibits inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase.


1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.


(24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol ester

A sterol ester consiting of (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol esterified at the 3-hydroxy group.


2-Aminohexanedioic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.


diamino acid

Any amino acid carrying two amino groups.


2,3-Dihydrowithaferin A

A withanolide that is the 2,3-dihydro derivative of withaferin A. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


A 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde that has R-configuration.


carbamate fungicide

Compounds that contain a carbamate ester moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.


fatty acid 20:1

Any monounsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 1 double bond.


tricarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing three carboxy groups.


dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives

A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens.


cis-Urocanic acid

A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has Z configuration.


2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid [1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]ethylideneamino] ester


amino aldehyde

Any aldehyde which contains an amino group.


A  non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted by two alkyl groups at position 2.


macrocyclic lactone

Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule.


delta-lactone

A lactone having a six-membered lactone ring.


secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing one hydrogen and one organyl group. Secondary alpha-hydroxy ketones are also known as acyloins, and are formally derived from reductive coupling of two carboxylic acid groups.


docosahexaenoic acid

Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.


4-Amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid

4-Aminobenzoic acid in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine.


2-Aminoheptanoic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is heptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is replaced by an amino group.


Thiencarbazone

An N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfur atom is attached to a 4-carboxy-2-methylthiophen-3-yl group and in which the non-sulfonated nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide, thiencarbazone-methyl.


beta-diketone

A diketone in which the two keto groups are separated by a single carbon atom.


branched-chain keto acid

An oxo carboxylic acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents. Derivatives formed from the first step in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and can provide important information on animal health and disease.


(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon at position 2 has (S)-configuration.


Penicillamine

An optically active form of penicillamine having D-configuration. Pharmaceutical form (L-form is toxic) of chelating agent used to treat heavy metal poisoning.


alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester

A carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)OR(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


A 9(10)-EpOME in which the epoxide has 9R,10S stereochemistry.


benzoate ester

Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids.


(R)-Methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has R configuration. Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


omega-oxo fatty acid

Any oxo fatty acid in which the oxo group is located at the omega-position.


Dilacor XR

A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.


Sulfoacrylate

Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


chlorocarboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group.


tetracarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing four carboxy groups.


ynal

An alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula RC#C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C#C triple bond at the alpha,beta position.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate (i.e. phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). A closed class.


acetate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.


methyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.


Qingyangshengenin B

A steroid saponin that is 17alpha-pregnenolone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8, 12beta, 14beta and 17beta, in which the 14beta-hydrocy group has been acylated by formal condensation with the carboxy group of (2E)-3,4-dimethylpent-2-enoic acid, and in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been glycosylated with 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranos. A C-21 steroidal glycoside, it is the essential active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Qingyangshen, isolated from Cynanchum otophyllum and used to treat epilepsy and rheumatic pain.


2-Butenoic acid, 2-methyl-

A branched-chain fatty acid consisting of 2-butenoic acid having a methyl group at position 2.


(2S,3S)-2-methylcitric acid

The (2S,3S)-diastereomer of 2-methylcitric acid.


hexadecanoate ester

A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with a hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


A 20-oxo steroid that is pregnenolone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 7beta-position.


formate ester

An ester of formic acid.


aromatic amino acid

An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring.


3-(2-Thenoyl)propionic acid

A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing oxo and 2-thienyl groups at position 4.


DL-Leucine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.


epoxyoctadecenoic acid

An epoxy fatty acid obtained by formal epoxidation of one of the double bonds of any octadecadienoic acid.


alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone

A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


4-(5-methyl-2-furanyl)-2-[[1-oxo-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylthio)ethyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


2-Aminobutyric acid

An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.


hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group.


A physalin with antimalarial activity isolated from Physalis angulata.


A cholestanoid that is 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 7.


Saroglitazar

A monocarboxylic acid that is (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens of the p-ethoxy substituent has been replaced by the nitrogen of 2-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole. An agonist at the subtypes alpha and gamma of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with predominant PPARalpha activity, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.


naphthaldehyde

An aldehyde in which the organyl group is a naphthyl group.


butynal

An aldehyde that is butanal consisting of a triple bond at unspecified position.


halo fatty acid

Any fatty acid carrying at least one halo substituent.


(-)-marinopyrrole B

A member of the class of pyrroles that is 1'H-1,3'-bipyrrole substituted by a bromo group at position 3, four chloro groups at positions 4, 4', 5 and 5' and two 2-hydroxybenzoyl moieties at positions 2 and 2'. It is isolated from Streptomyces sp.CNQ-418 and exhibits cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.


trans-permethrin

Permithrin in which the 2,2-dichlorovinyl group and the carboxylate ester group are in a trans-configuration.


3-[5-[Oxo-(3-pyridinylamino)methyl]-2-furanyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


2-[(1-Oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


Rulide

A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.


very long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. Very long-chain fatty acids which have a chain length greater than C27 are also known as ultra-long-chain fatty acids.


methyl ketone

A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).


DL-Isoleucine

A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


cholesteryl icosatetraenoate

A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.


thia fatty acid

Any fatty acid having at least one of the chain methylene groups replaced by sulfur. Members of this group are believed to have important pharmacological (antioxidant and antiatherosclerosis) properties.


polar amino acid

Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds.


4-Nitroanthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid with a nitro substituent at position 4.


An oxysterol that is 7-ketocholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 26 and has R-configuration at position 25.


fatty acid 18:4

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 18 carbons and 4 double bonds.


(R)-dihydrolipoic acid

The (R)-enantiomer and bioactive form of dihydrolipoic acid.


hexonic acid

Any aldonic acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde group of an aldohexose to a carboxylic acid group.


dodecanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is lauric acid.


monocarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.


fluoroalkanoic acid

Any organofluorine compound that is the perfluorinated derivative of any alkanoic acid.


trienoic fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid that contains three double bonds.


hydroxylysine

A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.


quinic acid

A cyclitol carboxylic acid.


4-(2-Thienyl)butyric acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 2-thienyl group at position 4.


fatty acid 22:5

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 5 double bonds.


glycolaldehydes

An aldehyde derived from a glycol by reduction of one of the hydroxy groups.


4-Ethylphenyl 2-thienyl ketone

A thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-ethylbenzoyl group.


dioxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid containing two ketonic or aldehydic oxo groups.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, amino, fluorine, and cyclohexylamino groups, respectively. It can directly bind to and block the transcription activity of the active forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1), but not the Ser256-phosphorylated form. It induces cell death and growth arrest in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines at low concentrations.


fatty acid 22:6

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 6 double bonds.


dicarboxylic acid monoester

A monoester of a dicarboxylic acid.


DL-Ornithine

An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.


alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde

An aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O or RC#C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


aspartate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-aspartic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (asparagine, lysine, methionine, threonine and isoleucine). A closed class.


An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid substituted at position 5 by a (1-methoxy-2-methylindolizin-3-yl)carbonyl group.


diketone

A compound that contains two ketone functionalities.


3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al with S-configuration at C-24.


epsilon-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position epsilon to the carboxy group.


N-acyl-L-glutamic acid

Any optically active N-acylglutamic acid having L-configuration.


Methylselenocysteine

An alpha-amino acid compound having methylselanylmethyl as the side-chain.


octanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is octanoic acid (caprylic acid).


N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid

An non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid in which the amino group bears one or more methyl groups.


amino acid

A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.


haloamino acid

Any non-proteinogenic amino acid carrying at least one halo group.


medium-chain fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde with a chain length between C6 and C12.


non-proteinogenic amino acid

Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism.


C4-dicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms.


quinolinemonocarboxylic acid

Any aromatic carboxylic acid that contains a quinoline moiety that is substituted by one carboxy substituent.


2-[[2-[(ethoxycarbonylamino)-oxomethyl]-3-oxobut-1-enyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


5-[2-(5-Methoxycarbonyl-2-thiophenyl)butan-2-yl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


2-[[[(6-Methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]amino]-5-phenyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


3-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl] ester


A steroid saponin that is 3,16,17-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 2-O-acetyl-3-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 16 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and Galtonia candicans, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


glycinyl ester

An alpha-amino acid ester in which the amnio acid component is glycine.


A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


Demecarium bromide

The methobromide salt of the N,N'-bis[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl carbamate] derivative of 2,13-diazatetradecane. It is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase, with a long duration of action. It is used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma: in the eye, it causes constriction of the iris sphincter muscle and the ciliary muscle, facilitating the outflow of the aqueous humor and so reducing intraocular pressure.


2-Amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid

A member of the class of chlorobenzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the ring hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by amino and chloro groups, respectively.


beta-amino acid ester

An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a beta-amino acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 4-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyl ester


Lactaldehyde

A member of the class of  propanals obtained by the reduction of the carboxylic group of lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid).


A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.


Pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by a carboxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum.


25-Hydroxy 3-ketocholestane

A 25-hydroxy steroid that is 3-oxocholestane which carries a hydroxy group at position 25.


methoxycinnamic acid

Any cinnamic acid carrying one or more methoxy substituents.


8-Methylsulfinyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[3,4-g][2,1]benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


phenyl acetates

An acetate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the hydroxy group of any phenol.


Bambuterol hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of bambuterol. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.


indoleacetaldehyde

An aldehyde that is acetaldehyde substituted by an indolyl group.


ethyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid with ethanol.


oxyketone

A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group.


4,5-Dimethyl-2-[[1-oxo-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-pyridin-1-iumyl]ethyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


long-chain fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde that has a chain length of C12 or greater.


Typhasterol

A brassinosteroid that is ergostan-6-one bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 3alpha, 22R and 23R.


Withalongolide J

A withanolide saponin that consists of 22,26-epoxyergosta-5,24-dien-28-ol substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 19, an oxo group at position 26 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 28 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


11-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid that has an oxo substituent at position 11.


A glutamine derivative that is glutamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group is replaced by an acyl group.


(R)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has R configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 4-pregnen-3beta-ol substituted by an oxo group at position 20.


D-threo-Isocitric acid

The D-threo-diastereomer of isocitric acid.


sterol ester

A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity.


DL-Homoserine

An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.


An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is but-2-enedioic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-oxoprop-1-enyl group at position 3.


acetyl-L-lysine

An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-lysine.


L-alpha-amino acid

Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.


Fruticoside B

A steroid acid that is ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-21-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5alpha stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa.


Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole carrying a carboxy substituent at position 2.


DL-Tyrosine

An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.


A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C#C bond.


A 3beta-sterol that is (24Z)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-diene which is substituted at the  3beta and 4alpha positions by hydroxy and formyl groups, respectively.


alpha-oxyketone

An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom.


aminobutanal

Any member of the class of  butanals carrying by at least one amino group on the butanal skeleton.


docosadienoic acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 2 double bonds


A steroid glycoside isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxicity against human tumour cell lines.


oxo fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one aldehydic or ketonic group in addition to the carboxylic acid group.


dialdehyde

Any aldehyde with two aldehyde groups.