Stage IIIB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v6 Stage

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A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by BCLC Stage

A staging classification system for hepatocellular carcinoma that uses variables related to tumor stage, liver functional status, physical status, and cancer-related symptoms, and links the stages with a treatment algorithm. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Chromophobe Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with smooth chromophobic cytoplasm, abrupt focal nuclear anaplasia, and scattered microscopic pseudocysts.


Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The reemergence of hepatocellular carcinoma after a period of remission


BCLC Stage A Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Refractory Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A low grade, well differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It lacks obvious stromal invasion and significant atypia.


Stage II Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors none more than 5 cm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


A rare type of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of pleomorphic malignant cells that are intermixed with lymphocytes.


Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); IIIC: (Any T, Any N, M0).  IIIA: T3: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm or tumor involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein(s).  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Rectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

A carcinoma that originates from the rectum and has spread to the liver.


Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Multiple tumors, at least one of which is larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIC Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


BCLC Stage D Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

End-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients will receive symptomatic treatment. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Macrotrabecular Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by more than 50% growth of macrotrabecular pattern (equal to or more than 6 to 10 cells thick). It presents with higher grade and stage compared to conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. It has poor prognosis with early recurrence and poor overall survival.


Stage II Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of steatohepatitis features, including macrovesicular steatosis, fibrosis, ballooning of malignant hepatocytes, Mallory bodies, and inflammation.


Colorectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

A carcinoma that originates from the colorectal area and has spread to the liver.


Small Progressed Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A well to moderately differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of obvious stromal invasion and increase atypia compared with early hepatocellular carcinoma.


That one of the three tautomers of pyrrole which has the double bonds at positions 1 and 4.


(S)-idazoxan

An idazoxan that has S configuration.


Abiraterone

A 3beta-sterol that is androsta-5,16-dien-3beta-ol substituted at position 17 by a 3-pyridyl group. Administered as the O-acetate, it is used for treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.


Trichloroiron;hexahydrate

A hydrate that is the hexahydrate form of iron trichloride.


Prednisolone hemisuccinate

A hemisuccinate resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group prednisolone with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. It is used to treat mild to moderate non-infectious eye allergies and inflammation, including damage caused by chemical and thermal burns.


Bethanechol chloride

The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.


The (S)-enantiomer of bethanechol chloride.


Vitamin D4

It is present in mushrooms.


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-22-oxavitamin D3 3-hemiglutarate/1alpha,25-dihydroxy-22-oxacholecalciferol 3-hemiglutarate


previtamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid which is an intermediate in the production of vitamin D3 in human skin.


23(S),25-dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that is 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 23 (with 23S-configuration) and an oxo group at position 24. An intermediate in the degradation pathway of 25-OH-vitamin D3.


(20S,24S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 24 (both with S-configuration).


(5Z)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-deoxy-3-thiavitamin D3 3-oxide/(5Z)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-deoxy-3-thiacholecalciferol 3-oxide


calcidiol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


1,24(S)-Dihydroxyvitamin D2

Metabolite of vitamin D2. It  present in the circulation of humans, cows, and rats given pharmacologic doses of vitamin D2


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity.


(20S)-hydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 20 with S-configuration.


A hydroxycalciol that is calciol with an additional hydroxy group at position C-1 and an acetoxy group at C-18.


(20S,23)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 23.


1alpha-hydroxy-25,26,27-trinorvitamin D3 24-carboxylic acid


(23S,25R)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactol/(23S,25R)-25-hydroxycholecalciferol 26,23-lactol


A vitamin D in which the side-chain at position 17 consists of a (5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl group.


1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 25-trimethylsilyl ether


1alpha,2beta,25-trihydroxy vitamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol carrying three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha, 2beta and 25.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity


D3 vitamins

A vitamin D that is calciol or its hydroxylated metabolites calcidiol and calcitriol. Calciol (also known as vitamin D3) acts as a hormone precursor, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with an acetoxy group at C-18.


25-Hydroxyvitamin D2

A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


5,6-trans-Vitamin D3

A member of the class of D3 vitamins that is calciol in which the double bond at position 5 adopts a trans-configuration. During exposure to sunlight, previtamin D3 and vitamin D3 in the skin become photoisomerized to 5,6-trans-vitamin D3.


Tacalcitol

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol which carries hydroxy groups at positions 1S and 24R. It is a vitamin D3 analog which is used for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in adults, especially on the scalp.


(20S,24R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 24 (with R-configuration).


20(S),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 25.


Doxercalciferol

A hydroxy seco-steroid and synthetic vitamin D2 analogue that undergoes metabolic activation in vivo to form 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D2), a naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D2. It is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which the body produces excess parathyroid hormone (PTH; a natural substance needed to control the amount of calcium in the blood) in certain people with chronic kidney disease.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Spleen

Infiltration of the spleen by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of plasma cell myeloma


Latrunculin a

A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.


Thiacloprid-amide

A monochloropyridine that is 2-chloropyridine substituted by a [2-(carbamoylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl group at position 5. It is a metabolite of the insecticide thiacloprid.


A member of the class of thiazolidinones that is 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione bearing an additional (4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene substituent at position 5.


3-[4-Oxo-5-(phenylmethylene)-2-sulfanylidene-3-thiazolidinyl]propanoic acid butyl ester


A thiazolidinone that is 1,2-thiazolidin-3-one bearing an amino substituent at position 4.


A member of the class of thiazolidinone that is rhodanine in which the two methylene hydrogens have been replaced by a 2,5-dimethyl-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]methylidene group. A TRPA1 ligand that can be reversibly photoactivated.


Pyochelin

A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4R)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl group. A siderophore that is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (via condensation of salicylic acid and two molecules of cysteine) as a mixture of two easily interconvertible diastereoisomers, pyochelin I (major) and pyochelin II (minor). The enantiomeric compounds, enant-pyochelin, are produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.


A thiazolidinone that is 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone which is substituted at position 3 by a (m--trifluoromethyl)phenyl group and at position 5 by a p-carboxybenzylidene group. It is an inhibitor of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, a membrane protein and chloride channel in vertebrates that is encoded by the CFTR gene.


A member of the class of oxindoles that is 5-chloro-oxindole in which the methylene hydrogens at position 3 have been replaced by an N-(2-carboxyethyl)rhodanin-5-ylidene group.


Yersiniabactin

A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4S)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (1S)-1-hydroxy-1-{(4R)-2-[(4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-yl group. A siderophore found in the gram-negative bacterium species, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis.


Flutianil

A member of the class of thiazolidines that is N-(o-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine which is substituted at position 2 by a methylene group, the hydrogens of which are replaced by cyano and [2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfanediyl groups; the double bond conjugated to the cyano group has Z configuration. A fungicide intended for use on horticultural crops including strawberries and grapevines.


A member of the class of thiazolidinones that is 2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 are replaced by carboxymethyl and 3-(1-phenylethoxy)-4-(2-phenylethoxy)benzylidene groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of protein mannosyl transferase 1 (PMT1) and blocks protein O-mannosylation.


2,4-Thiazolidinedicarboxylic acid, 2-methyl-, (4R)-


PI3K inhibitor GS1059615

A thiazolidinone that is the 5-{[4-(pyridin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl]methylene} derivative of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione. A PI3K inhibitor


A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.


Pyochelin II

A pyochelin that has S-stereochemistry at the thioaminal centre; the diastereoisomer with R-stereochemistry at this centre is pyochelin I. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a mixture of pyochelin I (major) and pyochelin I (minor) via condensation of salicylic acid and two molecules of cysteine. The enantiomeric compounds, enant-pyochelin I and II, are produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.


Ciglitazone

An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.


1,3-Thiazolidine substituted with methyl groups at C-2, -5 and -5 and with a carboxy group at C-4, representing the thiazolidine ring of a generalised penicillin structure.


Hydroxypioglitazone

A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is the hydroxy derivative of pioglitazone.


A trimethyl-substituted thiazolidine carboxylic acid derived by cleavage of and loss of C=O from the azetidine ring of penicillanic acid.


A  thiazolidinecarboxamide that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2-carboxamide substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


A pyochelin that has R-stereochemistry at the thioaminal centre; the diastereoisomer with S-stereochemistry at this centre is pyochelin II. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a mixture of pyochelin I (major) and pyochelin II (minor) via condensation of salicylic acid and two molecules of cysteine. The enantiomeric compounds, enant-pyochelin I and II, are produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.


latrunculin B

A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.


Lugdunin

A thiazolidine-containing homodetic cyclic peptide that is isolated from human nasal bacteria. Exhibits bactericidal activity against many major pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).


THIACLOPRID

The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.


thiazolidinediones

A thiadiazolidine in which the 1,3-thiazolidine ring is substituted by two oxo groups.


Benzylpenicilloic acid

A penicilloic acid where the side-chain N-acyl group is specified as phenylacetyl.


Benzylpenicilloyl cysteine

A compound obtained from nucleophilic cleavage of the beta-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin by the amino group of L-cysteine.


A thiazolidinone that is 2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one substituted by 3-{[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]amino}-3-oxopropyl and 4-ethylbenzylidene groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is a ferroptosis inducer.


rhodanine 3-acetic acid derivative

Any thiazolidinone that is derived from rhodanine 3-acetic acid.


A member of the class of thiazolidinones that is 2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one which is substituted at position 5 by a (4-ethylphenyl)methylidene group. It is a cell permeable inhibitor of c-Myc-Max dimerization and exhibits antitumour effects in vivo. It downregulates c-Myc expression and upregulates CDK inhibitors, p21 and p27 resulting in the inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase.


Thiacloprid

A  nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.


penicilloic acid

A thiazolidinedicarboxylic acid obtained via hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring of a penicillin.


A member of the class of thiazolidinones that is 1,1-dioxo-2,3-diphenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one bearing an additional (4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene substituent at position 5.


Epalrestat

A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.


Pentamethonium bromide

The bromide salt of pentamethonium. It is a ganglion blocker and exhibits antihypertensive activity.


dichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.


A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of econazole.


Fenpiclonil

A member of the class of pyrroles carrying cyano and 2,3-dichlorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. A fungicide used mainly to control seed-borne pathogens in cereal crops.


(S)-Tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of tioconazole.


A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of econazole.


Tienilic acid

An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.


clonidine (amino form)

A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.


(S)-Miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has S) configuration.


A member of the class of indolones that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one which is substituted by a (2,6-dichlorobenzyl)sulfonyl group at position 5 and by a (1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene group at position 2, the pyrrole ring of which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 5, and by a [2-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]carbonyl group at position 4 (the Z,R isomer).


Arasertaconazole

A 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the active R-enantiomer of sertaconazole and is used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The racemate itself is also used as a broad-spectrum antifungal drug.


(R)-Miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has R configuration.


(R)-Tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of tioconazole.


(S)-Sertaconazole

A 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of sertaconazole.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 2-hydroxyestrone having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3.


Stage IV Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Any 3beta-hydroxy steroid which is substituted at the 4alpha and 4beta positions by hydroxymethyl and methyl groups, respectively.


A 4alpha-hydroxymethyl steroid that is 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol in which the alpha-hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


Any 3beta-hydroxy steroid which is substituted at the 4alpha and 4beta positions by methyl and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively.


A 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-hydroxymethyl-4alpha-methylsteroid that is 14-demethyllanosterol in which the methyl group at the 4beta position has been oxidised to the corresponding hydroxymethyl group.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial involvement, equal or more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Triazine

Compounds based on a triazine skeleton.


Any compound with a 1,2,4-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 2 and 4 of the core benzene ring structure.


Any compound with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 3 and 5 of the core benzene ring structure.


Thifensulfuron-methyl

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of thifensulfuron with methanol. It is used  as a post-emergence herbicide for the control of grass and broad-leaved weeds.


Quinazoline

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


Thifensulfuron

An N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfur atom is attached to a 2-carboxythiophen-3-yl group and in which the non-sulfonated nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group. The corresponding methyl ester, known as thifensulfuron-methyl, is used as a post-emergence herbicide for the control of grass and broad-leaved weeds.


3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA

A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-hydroxy fatty acid.


methylbutanoyl-CoA

Any member of the class of  butanoyl-CoAs having methylbutanoyl as the acyl substituent.


glutaconyl-CoA

A  2-enoyl-CoA that is the glutaconyl derivative of CoA.


octadecenoyl-CoA

Any unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the S-acyl moiety contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond.


guanyl ribonucleotide

A purine ribonucleotide where the purine is guanine.


Generic name for any derivative of coenzyme A in which the thiol group is in thioester linkage with an acyl group containing a C=C double bond beta to the thioester linkage.


octadecatrienoyl-CoA

An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the S-acyl moiety contains 18 carbons and 3 double bonds at unknown positions.


fatty acyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any fatty acid.


short-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any short-chain fatty acid.


purine ribonucleotide

Any ribonucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acid.


branched-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any branched-chain fatty acid.


3-Hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A

A hydroxybutanoyl-CoA having 3-hydroxybutanoyl as the S-acyl component.


acyl-CoA

A thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid.


malonyl-CoAs

Any short-chain fatty acyl-CoA in which the the fatty acid specified is malonic acid or its derivatives.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid.


omega-carboxyacyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.


3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA

An oxo fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-oxo-fatty acid..


adenyl ribonucleotide

A purine riboncleotide where adenine is the purine.


benzoyl-CoAs

Any  aroyl-CoA in which the  aroyl group is specified as benzoyl or its substituted derivative.


medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any medium-chain fatty acid.


hydroxyacyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxycarboxylic acid.


A 3-enoyl-CoA in which the beta C=C double bond has trans stereochemistry.


ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate

A ribonucleoside monophosphate in which the phosphate group is at the ribosyl 3-position.


hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxy fatty acid.


steroidal acyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any steroidal carboxylic acid.


3-substituted propionyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-substituted propionic acid (R =/= H).


(R)-lipoyl-AMP

A lipoyl-AMP in which the lipoyl moiety has (R)-configuration.


octadecadienoyl-CoA

An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the S-acyl moiety contains 18 carbons and 2 double bonds at unknown positions.


methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA

A branched-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any methyl-branched fatty acid.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the S-acyl group contains a double bond between positions 2 and 3.


long-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any long-chain (C13 to C22) fatty acid.


butanoyl-CoAs

Any short-chain fatty acyl-CoA in which the acyl group specified is butanoyl or its substituted derivative.


A short-chain, methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA having 2-methylbutanoyl as the S-acyl group.


11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA

Any fatty acyl-CoA in which the 11-12 bond of the fatty acyl group is saturated.


An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.


aroyl-CoA

A acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any aromatic carboxylic acid.


monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA

Any unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the fatty acyl chain contains one carbon-carbon double bond.


unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any unsaturated fatty acid.


glutaryl-CoAs

Any  omega-carboxyacyl-CoA in which the acyl group specified is glutaryl or its substituted derivative.


multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA

A branched-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any multi-methyl-branched fatty acid.


oxo-fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any oxo-fatty acid.


Pristanoyl-CoA in which C-2 of the pristanoyl group has R-configuration.


very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA in which the fatty acyl group has a chain length greater than C22.


A cholestanoyl-CoA formed by thioester linkage between 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and coenzyme A.


cholestanoyl-CoA

A steroidal acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any cholestan-26-oic acid.


hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

Any member of the class of  butanoyl-CoAs having hydroxybutanoyl as the acyl substituent.


Pristanoyl-CoA in which C-2 of the pristanoyl group has S-configuration.


A methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA in which the unspecified acyl group carries a methyl substituent at position 2.


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Hereditary Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that has developed in relatives of patients with a history of colon carcinoma.


Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Serrated Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant infiltrate with serrated glandular architecture.


Adenoma of the Colon with Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

An intramucosal malignant glandular epithelial infiltrate in a colonic adenoma.  There is no evidence of submucosal invasion.


Unresectable Colon Adenocarcinoma

A colon adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIC Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colon Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colon cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the colon. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IVB Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Metastatic Colon Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the colon and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Childhood Rectal Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the rectum that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 2 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b.  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectosigmoid cancer recurrent

The reemergence of rectosigmoid carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Rectosigmoid Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Metastatic Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises in the colon or rectum that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Metastatic Rectal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the rectum and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IVC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colorectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Unresectable Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Colorectal Carcinoma

A rare colorectal carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Grade 1 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Stage II Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Refractory Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Colon Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colonic glandular epithelium and invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa but not the submucosa.


Colorectal Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Refractory Colon Adenocarcinoma

Colon adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Rectal Adenocarcinoma

A rectal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Rectosigmoid Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid area characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin.  Malignant glandular epithelial cells are present in the mucin collections.  Mucin constitutes more than 50% of the lesion.


Stage 0 Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial or invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IVC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a.  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Grade 2 Colon Adenocarcinoma

A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6

Stage Group III is subdivided into IIIA (T1-2, N1, M0), IIIB (T3-4, N1, M0) or IIIC (any T, N2 M0).  T1: Tumor invades the submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum.  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Grade 1 Colon Adenocarcinoma

A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Carcinoma of sigmoid colon

A carcinoma that arises from the sigmoid colon.


Stage II Colorectal Cancer

Stage Group II is subdivided into IIA and IIB on the basis of whether the primary tumor is T3 or T4, respectively.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Colorectal Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


Colorectal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Colorectal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

Microsatellite stable colon carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IIIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma

A colorectal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage 0 Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma (involvement of lamina propria with no extension through muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Colon Carcinoma

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Colorectal Sarcoma

A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the colon or rectum.  Representative examples include angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Stage II Colon Cancer

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4, N0, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Rectum

A carcinoma that has spread to the rectum from another anatomic site.


Refractory Rectal Adenocarcinoma

Rectal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Colon Hodgkin Lymphoma

An extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the colon.


Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease.


Colon Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colon carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage III Colon Cancer

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the rectum. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of ulcerative colitis.  Such carcinomas are usually multiple and flat.  Histologically, they are usually mucinous or signet-ring cell type.


Grade 2 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


malignant neoplasm of large intestine stage IV

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Hypermutated Colorectal Carcinoma

A colorectal carcinoma characterized by a high mutational rate caused by DNA mismatch repair deficiency or POLE/POLD1 driver mutations.


Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage I Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IVA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node). (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Colon Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Stage I Rectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Colorectal Hodgkin Lymphoma

An extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


Grade 1 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Recurrent Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of colorectal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Rectosigmoid Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Stage II Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes IIA (T3, N0, M0) and IIB (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Unresectable Colorectal Carcinoma

A colorectal carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer

Stage IV includes: Any T, any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIC Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colon Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Rectosigmoid Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma

An infiltrating adenocarcinoma arising from the rectosigmoid area.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells with prominent intracytoplasmic mucin.  These cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cellular population.


Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Refractory Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

Microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIB Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


Stage IV Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma of colon recurrent

The reemergence of colon adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Crohn Disease-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of Crohn disease.


Adenocarcinoma of colon metastatic

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colon and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectal Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


Locally Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

A microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Rectal Serrated Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant infiltrate with serrated glandular architecture.


Advanced Rectal Carcinoma

Rectal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Colorectal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

An invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin pools that contain malignant glandular epithelial structures.  The extracellular mucin pools occupy more than 50% of the malignant lesion.


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colorectal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the colon and rectum. Appendiceal carcinomas, anal carcinomas, and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) are not covered by this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Sarcomatoid Carcinoma

A biphasic colorectal carcinoma with a spindle cell, sarcomatoid component.


Stage IIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colorectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to large intestine

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the large intestine.  This may be from a primary large intestine malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Refractory Rectal Carcinoma

Rectal carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Colorectal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the colon or rectum.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Colon cancer recurrent

The reemergence of colon carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Colorectal adenocarcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Colorectal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Rectum

An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the rectum.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Stage II Rectal Cancer

Stage II includes IIA (T3, N0, M0) and IIB (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma

Rectal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial or invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Grade 3 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with less than 50% glandular formation.


Microsatellite Stable Rectal Carcinoma

Rectal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Stage I Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N0, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0).  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Oligometastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Locally Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

Microsatellite stable colon carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage I Colon Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IVC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Adenoma-Like Adenocarcinoma

A well differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma with good prognosis. It resembles a villous adenoma on the surface.


Stage I Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6 and v7


Stage IV Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal cancer recurrent

The reemergence of colorectal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIIB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node). (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


A rare, invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of rectum

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the rectum.  This may be from a primary large intestine malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Stage IIB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectosigmoid Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma arising from the rectosigmoid area.  It is more frequently seen in populations with a Western type diet and in patients with a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.  Signs and symptoms include intestinal bleeding, anemia, and change in bowel habits.  According to the degree of cellular differentiation, rectosigmoid adenocarcinomas are divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated.  Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma.


Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Advanced Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colon carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Rectal Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Rectal squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Grade 3 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with less than 50% glandular formation.


Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

A microsatellite stable carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma (involvement of lamina propria with no extension through muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A rare, aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Colorectal Poorly Cohesive Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colorectal mucosa and is characterized by the presence of isolated malignant cells or malignant cells that form small aggregates.


Rectal Epithelioid Cell Melanoma

An epithelioid cell melanoma arising from the rectum.


Stage IVB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Colon

An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the colon.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

A microsatellite stable carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Basic blue 26

An iminium salt composed of 4-{(4-anilinonaphthalen-1-yl)[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene}-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. It binds to nucleic acids and can be used in standardised staining techniques suitable for automated cell-pattern recognition.


oxathiolane

Any five-membered oxacycle that also contains a sulfur atom.


BRL 15572 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.


An ergostanoid that is (22E)-ergosta-7,22-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 and an epoxy group across positions 5 and 6 (the 3beta,5alpha,6alpha,7alpha stereoisomer). It has been isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus as well as Penicillium commune.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 17alpha-estradiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 17 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


Salsolinol

A 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol that has S-configuration.


Cardenolide

A steroid lactone that is a C23 steroid with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a butenolide ring at C-17.


Oleandrin

A steroid saponin that consists of oleandrigenin having a 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl residue attached to the oxygen function at position 3.


Elaeodendroside V

A cardenolide glycoside that is sarmentologenin glycosylated at position 3 by a beta-allosyl-(1->4)-beta-6-deoxyallosyl moiety. Isolated from Elaeodendron alluaudianum, it exhibits antiproliferative activity against human ovarian cancer and human histiocytic lymphoma cell lines.


cardenolide glycoside

Any member of the class of cardenolides with glycosyl residues attached to position 3.


Tanghinigenin

A member of the class of  cardenolides that is 7,8-epoxycard-20(22)-enolide substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 14 (the 3beta,5beta,7beta stereoisomer).


Sarmentogenin

A member of the class of cardenolides that is 5beta-card-20(22)-enolide which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 11alpha, and 14beta positions.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is ecdysone in which the hydroxy group at position 25 is replaced by a hydrogen.


A cholestanoid that is cholestanol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 26 and has R-configuration at position 25.


3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid

A 4-carbon, branched hydroxy fatty acid and intermediate in the metabolism of valine.


The 5alpha-stereoisomer of  4,5-dihydrocortisone.


N-acylserotonin

A fatty amide resulting from the condensation of the carboxy group of a fatty acid with the primary amino group of serotonin.


An androstanoid with a 5beta-configuration formed by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond of epitestosterone.


hydroxyindoles

Any member of the class of  indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group.


dihydroxyindole

Any member of the class of  hydroxyindoles carrying two hydroxy groups.


VIOLACEIN

A member of the class of hydroxyindoles resulting from the formal oxidative coupling between the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one and the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one, which is substituted at the 5 position by a 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl group, where the newly-formed double bond has E configuration. It is a purple chromobacterial pigment that has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoan, and anticancer properties.


Deoxyviolaceinic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3-hydroxyindol-3-yl group at at position 5 by an indol-3-yl group.


Violaceinic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3-hydroxyindol-3-yl group at at position 5 by a 5-hydroxyindol-3-yl group.


Proviolacein

A hydroxyindole that is 2H-pyrrol-2-one which is substituted at positions 3 and 5 by 1H-indol-3-yl and 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl groups, respectively. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the purple chromobacterial pigment violacein from L-tryptophan.


Protoviolaceinic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at at position 5 by a 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl group.


Withalongolide H

A  withanolide saponin that consists of withaferin A attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


A rhodamine 6G compound having a carboxy substituent in the 6-position.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


mitomycin

A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.


onium betaine

Neutral molecules having charge-separated forms with an onium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom.


Acetylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having acetyl as the acyl substituent.


saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the R is a saturated fatty acyl chain.


O-valeroylcarnitine

A C5-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is valeroyl.


octenoyl-L-carnitine

An O-acyl-L-carnitine that is L-carnitine having a octenoyl group as the acyl substituent in which the position of the double bond is unspecified.


O-nonanoyl-L-carnitine

The L-enantiomer of  O-nonanoylcarnitine.


Thiamin pyrophosphate

An ammonium betaine that is the conjugate base of thiamine(1+) diphosphate arising from the deprotonation of one of the hydroxy groups of the terminal phosphate group.


Any O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group contains a total of 5 carbon atoms.


O-pimelylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is pimelyl.


O-octadecadienoyl-L-carnitine

An O-acyl-L-carnitine that is L-carnitine having a octadecadienoyl group as the acyl substituent in which the positions of the two double bonds are unspecified.


O-acylcarnitine

Any carboxylic ester obtained by the O-acylation of carnitine.


polyunsaturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine

Any fatty acyl-L-carnitine where the fatty acid has 2 or more unsaturations. Major species at pH 7.3


Thiaminium carboxylate betaine

An ammonium betaine that is the conjugate base of thiamine(1+) carboxylic acid arising from the deprotonation of the carboxy group.


amino-acid betaine

Any amino acid-derived zwitterion - such as glycine betaine (N,N,N-trimethylammonioacetate) - in which the ammonium nitrogen carries methyl substituents and bears no hydrogen atoms.


fatty acyl-L-carnitine

Any O-acylcarnitine in which the carnitine component has L-configuration and the acyl group is a fatty acid.


Carnitine

An amino-acid betaine that is butanoate substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-3 and a trimethylammonium group at C-4.


Hexanoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine compound having hexanoyl as the acyl substituent.


methyl-branched fatty acyl-L-carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the R group is a methyl-branched fatty acyl chain.


monounsaturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the R is a monounsaturated fatty acyl chain.


O-dodecanoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having dodecanoyl as the acyl substituent.


Decanoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine compound having decanoyl as the acyl substituent.


O-decenoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group is specified as decenoyl (position of double bond not specified).


Thiamine triphosphorate

An ammonium betaine that is the conjugate base of thiamine(1+) triphosphate arising from the deptoronation of one of the hydroxy groups of the terminal phosphate group.


An optically active form of O-2-methylbutyrylcarnitine having (R)-configuration.


O-hexadecenoylcarnitine

An  O-acylcarnitine having a hexadecenoyl group with an unspecified double bond as the acyl substituent.


Thiamine phosphoric acid ester

An ammonium betaine that is the conjugate base of thiamine(1+) monophosphate arising from the deprotonation of one of the phosphate hydroxy groups.


O-octadecadienoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is octadecadienoyl.


O-acyl-L-carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the carnitine component has L-configuration.


Octanoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having octanoyl as the acyl substituent.


Any O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group contains a total of 4 carbon atoms.


An O-acylcarnitine having isobutyryl as the acyl substituent.


Tiglylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine compound having trans-2-methyl-2-butenoyl (tiglyl) as the acyl substituent.


Propionylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine compound having propanoyl as the acyl substituent.


ammonium betaine

Any neutral molecule having charge-separated forms with a quaternary ammonium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom.


Myristoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having tetradecanoyl (myristoyl) as the acyl substituent.


Any O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group contains a total of 9 carbon atoms.


O-Butanoylcarnitine

A C4-acylcarnitine  that is the O-butanoyl derivative of carnitine.


Isovaleryl-l-carnitine

An O-isovalerylcarnitine that is the 3-methylbutanoyl (isovaleryl) derivative of L-carnitine.


Palmitoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl) as the acyl substituent.


B-Cell Malignant Neoplasm

A clonal lymphoproliferative disorder composed of neoplastic B-cells. It includes B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, B-cell leukemias, and plasma cell myeloma.


DS Stage IA Plasma Cell Myeloma

Durie/Salmon stage I plasma cell myeloma associated with a relatively normal renal function (serum creatinine concentration < 2.0 mg/dL).


Leptomeningeal myelomatosis

A central nervous system plasma cell myeloma involving the leptomeninges.


Plasma cell myeloma recurrent

The reemergence of plasma cell myeloma after a period of remission.


DS Stage IIIB Plasma Cell Myeloma

Durie/Salmon stage III plasma cell myeloma associated with abnormal renal function (serum creatinine concentration greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL).


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Central Nervous System

Plasma cell myeloma involving the central nervous system. It manifests with single or multiple intraparenchymal lesions and/or leptomeningeal involvement. Patients present with diffuse cerebral dysfunction and nerve paralysis. The prognosis is poor.


Plasma Cell Myeloma Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A lymphoproliferative disorder that develops following an organ transplantation and exhibits plasma cell myeloma features.


RISS Stage I Plasma Cell Myeloma

Serum beta-2-microglobulin less than 3.5 mg/L and serum albumin 3.5 g/dL or more and no high-risk cytogenetics and normal LDH. High risk cytogenetics consist of one or more of the following: del17p, t(4;14), or t(14;16). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


DS Stage IIB Plasma Cell Myeloma

Durie/Salmon stage II plasma cell myeloma associated with abnormal renal function (serum creatinine concentration greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL).


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma

Infiltration of organs and soft tissues by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of plasma cell myeloma. Skin, liver, lymph nodes, pleura, and central nervous system are the most frequently affected sites.


DS Stage IIA Plasma Cell Myeloma

Durie/Salmon stage II plasma cell myeloma associated with a relatively normal renal function (serum creatinine concentration < 2.0 mg/dL).


Plasma cell myeloma refractory

Plasma cell myeloma that is resistant to treatment.


DS Stage II Plasma Cell Myeloma

Plasma cell myeloma that fits in neither stage I nor stage III.  Estimated myeloma cell mass: 0.6 to 1.2 trillion (1012)/m2 (intermediate burden).  The following subclassification of stages is used: a. Creatinine less than 2.0 mg/dL, b. Creatinine greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL.  Impaired renal function worsens prognosis regardless of stage.  Note that the newer International Staging System defines stage II quite differently: Beta-2-microglobulin less than 3.5 and albumin less than 3.5 or beta-2-microglobulin 3.5 to less than 5.5 (median survival of 44 months).  (PDQ)


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Uterine Corpus

Infiltration of the uterine corpus by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of plasma cell myeloma.


RISS Stage II Plasma Cell Myeloma

Not stage I or III. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Plasma Cell Myeloma by ISS Stage

A header term that refers to the staging of plasma cell myeloma according to the International Staging System.


Plasma Cell Myeloma by RISS Stage

A staging system for plasma cell myeloma based on the Revised International Staging System (RISS) criteria. This staging system does not apply to smoldering multiple myeloma (no AJCC staging system), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (no AJCC staging system), and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (no AJCC staging system). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


ISS Stage II Plasma Cell Myeloma

Plasma cell myeloma with blood levels of beta-2-microglobulin between 3.5 and 5.5 mg/L.


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Skin

Infiltration of the skin by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of plasma cell myeloma.


DS Stage III Plasma Cell Myeloma

Plasma cell myeloma with one or more of the following: 1. Hemoglobin less than 8.5 g/dL. 2. Serum calcium greater than 12.0 mg/dL. 3. More than three lytic bone lesions. 4. High M protein production as shown by: a. IgG greater than 7.0 g/dL. b. IgA greater than 5.0 g/dL. c. Urinary kappa or lamda greater than 12.0 g/24 hours. Estimated myeloma cell mass: greater than 1.2 trillion (1012)/m2 (high burden). The following subclassification of stages is used: a. Creatinine less than 2.0 mg/dL. b. Creatinine greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL. Serum beta-2-microglobulin has been shown to be a reliable marker for prognosis. Since the great majority of symptomatic myeloma patients are classified as stage III by the Durie/Salmon criteria, this staging system has not proven to be very useful for identifying the patients with intermediate and poor prognosis. Note that the newer International Staging System defines stage III quite differently: Beta-2-microglobulin greater than or equal to 5.5 (median survival of 29 months). (PDQ)


DS Stage I Plasma Cell Myeloma

Plasma cell myeloma with all of the following: 1. Hemoglobin greater than 10 g/Dl, 2. Normal serum calcium, 3. Normal bone structure, 4. Low monoclonal (or myeloma) protein (M protein) production as shown by: a. IgG less than 5.0 g/dL, b. IgA less than 3.0 g/dL, c. Urinary kappa or lamda less than 4 g/24 hours. Estimated myeloma cell mass: less than 0.6 trillion (1012)/m2 (low burden). The following subclassification of stages is used: a. Creatinine less than 2.0 mg/dL, b. Creatinine greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL. Impaired renal function worsens prognosis regardless of stage. Note that the newer International Staging System defines stage I quite differently: Beta-2-microglobulin less than 3.5 and albumin greater than or equal to 3.5 (median survival of 62 months). (PDQ)


DS Stage IIIA Plasma Cell Myeloma

Durie/Salmon stage III plasma cell myeloma associated with a relatively normal renal function (serum creatinine concentration < 2.0 mg/dL).


RISS Stage III Plasma Cell Myeloma

Serum beta-2-microglobulin 5.5 mg/L or more and high-risk cytogenetics and/or high LDH. High risk cytogenetics consist of one or more of the following: del17p, t(4;14), or t(14;16). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


ISS Stage III Plasma Cell Myeloma

Plasma cell myeloma with beta-2-microglobulin greater than or equal to 5.5 (median survival of 29 months).  Note that the older Durie/Salmon staging system defines stage III quite differently. (PDQ)


DS Stage IB Plasma Cell Myeloma

Durie/Salmon stage I plasma cell myeloma associated with abnormal renal function (serum creatinine concentration greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL).


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Kidney

Infiltration of the kidney by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of plasma cell myeloma.


ISS Stage I Plasma Cell Myeloma

Plasma cell myeloma with beta-2-microglobulin less than 3.5 and albumin greater than or equal to 3.5 (median survival of 62 months).  Note that the older Durie/Salmon staging system defines stage I quite differently. (PDQ)


Plasma Cell Myeloma by DS Stage

A header term that refers to the staging of plasma cell myeloma according to the Durie/Salmon staging system.


Victoria Blue R

An iminium salt composed of 4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)naphthalen-1-yl]methylidene}-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio.


Finding by Site or System

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A term that refers to the classification of a clinical or laboratory finding according to the anatomic site or system that is involved.


Testosterone Excess

Abnormally high level of testosterone.


Melanocortin Pathway Defect

An abnormality in the biochemical pathway involving the melanocortins, a group of peptide hormones associated with anorexogenic signaling in the brain and hypothalamus.


Hormone Imbalance

An abnormal finding indicating that the level of a particular hormone is not within the expected normal values.


Congenital isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency due to mutation(s) in the TBX19 gene.


Adrenal Androgen Excess

Excessive secretion of the androgen hormones dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and androstenedione, from the adrenal gland. Clinical manifestations may include virilization.


Endocrine System Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to the endocrine system.


Acquired Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Ovarian Hyperandrogenism

Increased production of androgens by the ovaries.


Blood Pressure Finding

A test result that reports the diastolic and systolic pressure of the blood.


Cardiovascular System Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to the cardiovascular system.


Cocarboxylase

An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.


glucotriose

Any trisaccharide composed of 3 glucose moieties.


D-threonine

An optically active form of threonine having D-configuration.


An amido thiophene-2-carboxylic acid derivative used as an inhibitor of HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) RNA polymerase.


Diphenyleneiodonium chloride

An organic chloride salt having dibenziodolium as the counterion.


Metastatic Endometrial Adenosquamous Carcinoma

Endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Metastatic Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma

A cervical adenosquamous carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma

The reemergence of cervical adenosquamous carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Endometrial Adenosquamous Carcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma after a period of remission.


biotins

Compounds containing a biotin (5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid) skeleton.


A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.


GDP-L-fucose

A GDP-L-fucose in which the anomeric oxygen is on the same side of the fucose ring as the methyl substituent.


Cervical Squamotransitional Carcinoma

A human papillomavirus-related cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of papillary structures with fibrovascular cores. It is covered with multiple layers of atypical cells that resemble cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3.


Hydrocortisone phosphate

A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of cortisol.


Prednisolone phosphate

A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.


Betamethasone phosphate

A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of betamethasone.


Dexamethasone phosphate

A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.


Recurrent Endometrial Undifferentiated Carcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Endometrial Undifferentiated Carcinoma

Endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Lurasidone hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of lurasidone with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An atypical antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenia.


Phenosafranin

An organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria red in smears to contrast with the blue Gram positive organisms.


dipeptide

Any molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


glutamyl-L-amino acid

A dipeptide in which one of the amino acid residues is glutamine.


Tyrosyltyrosine

Tyrosyltyrosine in which each tyrosine residue has L-configuration.