fibroblast proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblasts, resulting in the expansion of a fibroblast population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


brassinosteroid catabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.


xyloglucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


regulation of leaflet formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaflet formation.


chemosensory jump behavior

The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance.


lincomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lincomycin.


positive regulation of eating behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.


solanidine glucosyltransferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + solanidine = H+ + gamma-chaconine + UDP.


glucuronate-2-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the 2-O-sulfo-D-glucuronate residues of chondroitin sulfate, heparin and heparitin sulfate.


microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards nucleus

The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus using host microtubules.


regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone, five-membered saturated heterocyclic ring structures containing a sulfur and a nitrogen in the 1-position and 2-positions respectively.


lactaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = (S)-lactate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsenous acid + R2S-CH3 = trimethylarsine oxide + R2SH.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including glycine and succinyl-CoA.


cap snatching

A transcription initiation process during which a nucleotide sequence between 10 and 20 nucleotides in size is cleaved from the 5' end of host mRNAs by a viral RNA-dependent polymerase. The capped leader sequence obtained is subsequently used to prime transcription on the viral genome, which ultimately leads to the synthesis of capped, translatable viral mRNAs.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + H2O.


glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which glycerol is converted into glycerone and NAD+ or NADP is reduced.


extrasynaptic signaling via GABA

Cell-cell signaling that starts with the activation of extrasynaptic GABA receptors in neurons through binding of ambient gamma-aminobutyric acid present in the extracellular fluid.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


imidazole N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1H-imidazole + acetyl-CoA = N-acetylimidazole + CoA.


protein-phosphocysteine-D-sorbitol-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + D-sorbitol(out) = protein cysteine + D-sorbitol-1-phosphate(in).


galactitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


very long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a very long-chain fatty acid residue. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,5-dichlorocatechol + NADP+ + H2O.


cuticle development involved in chitin-based cuticle molting cycle

The synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based non-cellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


vascular endothelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate.


cellular response to methotrexate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrate + NAD(P)H + H+.


peptidyl-lysine myristoylation

The myristoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-myristoyl-L-lysine.


tRNA U4 sulfurtransferase

Catalyzes the reaction: ATP + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + uracil in tRNA + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster <=> AMP + diphosphate + 4-thiouracil in tRNA + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-L-cysteine + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster.


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.


regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


cellular response to strigolactone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.


regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.


posterior midgut invagination

Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior.


erythrocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an erythrocyte.


endocrocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving endocrocin.


regulation of placenta blood vessel development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of placenta blood vessel development.


salutaridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> salutaridine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


tartrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tartrate from one side of a membrane to the other. Tartrate is the anion of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, one of the aldaric acids. The L(+) enantiomer occurs widely in plants, especially in grape juice, and in fungi and bacteria.


demethylkotanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving demethylkotanin.


cellular response to trichostatin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.


symmetric cell division

Cell division in which both daughter cells are of the same type.


peptide cross-linking via 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone

The cross-linking of a tryptophan residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of methylamine dehydrogenase.


gliotoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + oxaloacetate = L-aspartate + glyoxylate.


epithelial cell maturation involved in salivary gland development

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the salivary gland to attain its fully functional state.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methyluracil.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.


blood microparticle formation

The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from a parent cell. A microparticle is a phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell.


histone H3K79 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl79-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl79-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of up to three methyl group to the lysine residue at position 79 of the histone H3 protein, producing H3K79me3.


toxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


fucokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fucose + ATP = beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


penicillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. Penicillins are produced naturally during the growth of various microfungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus.


RNA dihydrouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA-uracil + NAD(P)+ = RNA-dihydrouridine + NAD(P)H + H+.


behavioral response to ether

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus.


hydrogen dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + NAD+ = H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + hydrogen sulfide + O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNA(Cys) = L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys) + phosphate.


gibberellin A12 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 16alpha, 17-epoxy gibberellin A12 + H2O + NAD(P).


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + dolichol = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyldolichol.


nicotinamide mononucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.


negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.


nicotinate N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinate = N-methylnicotinate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


beta-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of beta-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid.


peptidyl-cysteine S-carbamoylation

The carbamoylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine.


formimidoylglutamate deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H2O = N-formyl-L-glutamate + NH3.


Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.


alkanesulfonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of alkanesulfonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


ecdysis, chitin-based cuticle

The shedding of the old chitin-based cuticlar fragments during the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


N6-methyl-(d)ATP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction N6-methyl-(d)ATP + H2O = N6-methyl-(d)AMP + diphosphate + H+.


negative regulation of mammary gland involution

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.


isooctane monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isooctane + 1/2 O2 = 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene + diphosphate.


tracheal pit formation in open tracheal system

Formation of the tracheal pits, the first tube-like structures to form in the open tracheal system. Once cells are determined to their tracheal cell fate, the tracheal pits arise by invagination of each ectodermal cluster of tracheal placode cells, between 5 and 7 hours after egg laying. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


mitotic M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


precorrin-3B synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + precorrin-3A = H2O + NAD+ + precorrin-3B.


lipid droplet localization to prospore membrane leading edge

Any process in which a lipid droplet is transported to, or maintained to the prospore membrane leading edge.


inulin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inulin.


phaseollidin hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phaseollidin hydrate = H2O + phaseollidin.


chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


1,8-cineole synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) + H2O <=> 1,8-cineole + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteinyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + S-methyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


branched-chain amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of branched-chain amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.


evasion of host immune response via modulation of host antigen processing and presentation

Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host's antigen processing or presentation pathways, e.g. by blocking any stage in MHC class II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


interferon-mediated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by type II interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.


dUMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = luteolin-7-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of xylogalacturonate by cleavage of the alpha-(1,4)-linkage. Xylogalacturonate (XGA) is composed of a chain of alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues with beta-D-xylose substituted at the O3 position.


inulin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inulin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + NADP+ = bis-gamma-glutamylcystine + H+ + NADPH.


pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate = 2 H2O + H+ + phosphate + pyridoxine 5'-phosphate.


aspartate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = D-aspartate.


N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.


positive regulation of homocysteine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine.


negative regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (+)-delta-cadinene + NADPH + O2 <=> 8-hydroxy-(+)-delta-cadinene + NADP + H2O.


hydroxylamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxylamine + O2 = H2O + H+ + nitrite.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = vinylacetyl-CoA + H2O.


synaptic membrane adhesion to extracellular matrix

The binding of a synaptic membrane to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


long tract gene conversion

A gene conversion process in which a segment of more than 1000 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor.


pentose catabolic process to butyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to butyrate.


base J metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving base J (beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a hypermodified thymidine residue found in the genome of kinetoplastid parasites. This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially, a thymidine residue in DNA is hydroxylated by a thymidine hydroxylase (TH) to form the intermediate hydroxymethyluracil, which is then glucosylated to form base J.


kinetoplast DNA replication

The process of doubling of the number of maxicircles and minicircles and distribution of the progeny into two daughter networks, which are identical to the parent kinetoplast DNA network.


cellular response to arachidonic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arachidonic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.


determination of left/right asymmetry in diencephalon

The establishment of the diencephalon with respect to the left and right halves.


4-hydroxy-L-threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-threonine <=> glycolaldehyde + glycine.


spheroidene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spheroidene.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ADP + 2 H+.


negative regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.


granulosa cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a granulosa cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a granulosa cell fate.


positive regulation of renal albumin absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.


negative regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


GA20 2,3-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> gibberellin A5 + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


lysosomal lumen pH elevation

Any process that increases the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


thermomorphogenesis

The suite of morphological and architectural changes in an organism induced by high ambient temperatures, below the heat-stress range.


positive regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord.


lamina terminalis formation

The process in which the anterior-most portion of the neural axis is formed by closure of the anterior neuropore.


peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.


tRNA seleno-modification

The substitution of a selenium atom for a sulfur atom in a ribonucleotide in a tRNA molecule.


chromatin-protein adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a protein or a protein complex with a nucleosome, to establish or maintain the chromatin localization of the protein, or protein complex.


cellular response to oscillatory fluid shear stress

Any response to oscillatory fluid shear stress that occurs at the level of a cell.


mRNA N6-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N6-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N6-methyladenosine as formaldehyde.


protein-containing complex localization to centriolar satellite

A protein-containing complex localization by which the complex is transported to, or maintained in, the centriolar satellite.


regulation of endothelial cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.


negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a retinal cone cell.


response to diosgenin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diosgenin stimulus.


cell migration involved in heart jogging

The orderly movement of a cell of the myocardium from one site to another that will contribute to heart jogging.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.


dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching

The process in which a ureteric bud bifurcates at its end.


thiocyanate peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiocyanate (SCN-) + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) = hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) + 2 H2O. Catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of thiocyanate.


floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of a lipid from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


regulation of neutrophil aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.


indoleacetic acid conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Na+(out) = K+(in) + Na+(in).


positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to salt stress

Any positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phenylalanine(out) + H+(out) = phenylalanine(in) + H+(in).


response to quetiapine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quetiapine stimulus.


positive regulation of chromosome separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation.


interleukin-1 alpha production

The appearance of interleukin-1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


low-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


(3R)-(E)-nerolidol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O <=> (3R,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphoric acid.


glucose 1-phosphate phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into glucose 1-phosphate to produce glucose bisphosphate.


sialate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + cation(out) = sialate(in) + cation(in).


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xyloglucan side chains so as to remove unsubstituted D-xylose residues attached to the glucose located at the non-reducing terminus.


allene-oxide cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,13S,15Z)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoate = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate.


symbiont-mediated activation of host interferon signaling pathway

A process in which a symbiont subverts an interferon-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation.


N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of acetylcholine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.


dGTP biosynthetic process from dGDP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including gGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.


negative regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


periclinal cell division

A cell division process where the division plane is parallel to the surface of the organ. It creates a new cell layer or cell file.


beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a beta-catenin destruction complex into its constituent components.


oximinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate + acetone = acetone oxime + pyruvate.


maltose epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose = beta-maltose.


perturbation of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a small GTPase-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


microtubule polymerization based movement

The movement of a cellular component as a result of microtubule polymerization.


ectodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


positive regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


cellular response to Thyroid stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.


polyvinyl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + O2 = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + H2O2.


glycine N-choloyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + glycocholate.


cellular response to nitroglycerin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


white fat cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.


myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts, after migrating to the site of injury, fuse into existing damaged fibers or fuse to myotubes to form new fibers, as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


negative regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: shikimate(out) + H+(out) = shikimate(in) + H+(in).


xanthan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthan = oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl end + pyruvylate mannose. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of the terminal beta-D-mannosyl-beta-D-1,4-glucuronosyl linkage of the side-chain of the polysaccharide xanthan, leaving a 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl group at the terminus of the side-chain.


B cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen

B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to the B cell receptor.


inductive mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell changing the fate of the endodermal cell.


aerobic electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


beta1-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta1-adrenergic receptors.


rhombomere 8 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 8 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + NADPH = dihydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADP.


membrane bending

A membrane organization process resulting in the bending of a membrane.


cyclopentanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopentanone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 5-valerolactone + H2O + NADP+.


zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


EGF-domain serine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + (15S)-15-hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate = NAD(P)H + H+ + 15-oxo-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate.


evasion by virus of host restriction-modification system

Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus evades the DNA restriction modification system of its host. Some viruses encode their own methyltransferase in order to protect their genome from host restriction enzymes. Others directly inhibit restruction enzymes while some use unusual bases in their genome to avoid restriction.


response to molybdenum starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of molybdenum.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(3-methylthiopropyl)malate + coenzyme A.


gluconate 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-fructose(out) + Na+(out) = D-fructose(in) + Na+(in).


GGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGG codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-Serine + Selenohomocysteine => L-Selenocystathionine + H2O.


regulation of androstenedione secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.


iodotyrosine deiodinase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: 2 iodide + L-tyrosine + 2 NADP+ = 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine + H+ + 2 NADPH. Note that this activity has only been demonstrated in the direction of 3-deiodination. 3-bromo-L-tyrosine and 3-chloro-L-tyrosine can also be used as substrates.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host membrane cholesterol

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to cholesterol on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.


S-glycoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.


membrane repolarization during Purkinje myocyte action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the Purkinje myocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


eclosion rhythm

The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn.


P-type cobalt transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cobalt(out) = ADP + phosphate + cobalt(in).


lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


vanillin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.


chenodeoxycholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chenodeoxycholate + NAD+ = 7-oxolithocholate + H+ + NADH.


response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.


4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal + NADP+ = 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H+ + NADPH.


benzoyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoyl-CoA.


mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propyl phosphonato]oxy}phosphonate = (R)-3-phenyllactoyl-CoA + trans-cinnamate.


ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + H2O = L-glutamyl-[protein] + ADP-ribose.


AUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUC codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H+ <=> cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-4-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucoside) + coenzyme A.


cellular response to leptomycin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


cerebellum formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


presynaptic cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures and their associated proteins in the presynaptic cytoskeleton.


cyanamide hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: urea = cyanamide + H2O.


dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.


ureter smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the ureter. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.


negative regulation of endocardial cushion cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion cell differentiation.


nitroimidazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.


regulation of hyphopodium formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H2O = 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxymethylsalicylate + NADH + 2 H+.


xanthone-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xanthone-containing compound.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+. In the reverse reaction, a mixture of GDP-D-rhamnose and its C-4 epimer is formed.


anticlinal cell division

A cell division process where the division plane is perpendicular to the surface of the organ. It adds cells to the existing cell layer or cell file.


L-phenylalaine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-phenylalanine + O2 = 3-phenylpyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+).


L-fuconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-fuconate + H2O.


cellular response to lipoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a beta-sitosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-beta-sitosterol.


cellular metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


secondary branching, open tracheal system

Sprouting of secondary branches in an open tracheal system. These form from the tips of primary branches and are formed by individual cells that roll up into unicellular tubes. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


anther septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anther septum is a thin partition or stretch of cells that are present in the anther dehiscence zone.


guanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


negative regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.


regulation of auxin polar transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auxin polar transport.


apical ectodermal ridge formation

The process that gives rise to the apical ectodermal ridge. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


NAD+- protein-lysine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + N(6)-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence processing

The removal of the signal peptide from a nascent protein during cotranslational membrane targeting.


Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17alpha 3-D-glucuronoside + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 17alpha-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-estradiol 3-D-glucuronoside + H+ + UDP.


system process

A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.


Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to homogentisic acid.


methylgalactoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methylgalactoside from one side of a membrane to the other. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.


proton motive force dependent protein transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of proteins from one side of a membrane to the other. Transportation is dependent on pH gradient across the membrane.


cell wall organization involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

A process of cell wall organization that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: GMP + diphosphate = guanine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


Delta12-linoleate epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + NADPH + O2 <=> 1-palmitoyl-2-vernoloyl-phosphatidylcholine + NADP + H2O.


protein glucuronylation

The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronylation, the addition of a glucuronate group, the uronic acid derived from glucose.


regulation of oomycete sporangium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.


light-activated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a light stimulus.


GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from fructose-6-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from fructose-6-phosphate.


vesicle targeting to fusome

The recruitment of vesicles to the fusome. The vesicles become the fusome tubule network and are necessary for the assembly of the fusome.


turning behavior

Fine-tuning the spatial position of an organism in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of an organism in the direction of a food source.


phenylboronic acid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylboronic acid + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = phenol + B(OH)3.


naphtho-gamma-pyrone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphtho-gamma-pyrone.


dGTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.


rhombomere formation

The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


Sertoli cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of Sertoli cells is acquired and determined.


CENP-A eviction from euchromatin

A chromatin remodeling process in which CENP-A is removed from euchromatin regions to prevent neocentromere formation.


negative regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.


asparaginyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + aspartyl-tRNA(Asn) + ATP = L-glutamate + asparaginyl-tRNA(Asn) + phosphate + ADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CC end + 2 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


negative regulation of border follicle cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


cellular response to alkyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.


N-glycan diversification

The generation, in the Golgi apparatus, of side chain diversity from high mannose Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans by specific glycosyltransferases and glycosidases.


regulation of cell diameter

Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + benzene-1,2,4-triol = maleylacetate.


putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine, via the intermediate N-carbamoylputrescine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in two single enzymatic steps.


5'-deoxyadenosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'deoxyadenosine + H2O = 5'deoxyinosine + NH3.


negative regulation of macrophage migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


inferior olivary nucleus formation

The process that gives rise to the inferior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


negative regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.


recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex

The process in which proteins required for 3'-end transcript processing become associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and the 3' end of a transcript.


steryl deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from an acetylated sterol.


regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal norepinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.


lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + propane-1,2-diol = (S)-lactaldehyde + H+ + NADPH.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


11-hydroxythromboxane B2 dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thromboxane B2 + NAD+ = 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 + NADH + H+.


spermidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermidine.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT1 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1).


negative regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.


modulation of receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


4-chloro-allylglycine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-L-lysine + AH2 + O2 = A + formaldehyde + H2O + L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + NH4(+).


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft.


NAD-dependent histone H3K56 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


ABC-type thiamine transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiamine(out) = ADP + H+ + phosphate + thiamine(in).


regulation of glutamatergic neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.


rhodopsin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.


linoleate 11-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,11S,12Z)-11-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + sinapoyl aldehyde = H+ + sinapaldehyde glucoside + UDP.


regulation of seed dormancy process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


NADH-dependent peroxiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroperoxide + H+ + NADH = an alcohol + H2O + NAD+.


GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = formate + 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate.


thrombocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis.


disruption of plasma membrane integrity in another organism

The disruption of the cell membrane of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the membrane.


Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.


CCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCA codon.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of MAVS activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of host MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein). MAVS is a signal transducer that lies downstream of the viral RNA receptors MDA-5 and RIG-I to coordinate host innate immune responses.


isoprene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.


disruption of cellular anatomical structure in another organism

The disruption of a cellular component of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that structure. In some cases this can cause malfunctioning of the cells and death of the target organism.


positive regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.


mRNA trans splicing, SL addition

The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs, where the one that provides the 5' portion of the final mRNA is from a splice leader RNA (SL-RNA). The SL-RNA, or mini-exon donor sequence, is added to the 5'-end of the acceptor RNA molecule which provides the mRNA body.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


positive regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.


branching involved in pancreas morphogenesis

The process in which the branches of the pancreas are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate. C6 of the substrate molecular may have an NH2 group attached.


Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


resorcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving resorcinol (C6H4(OH)2), a benzene derivative with many applications, including dyes, explosives, resins and as an antiseptic.


equatorial microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins at the midpoint of a cell.


hypoglycin A gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + hypoglycin A = L-cysteinylglycine + hypoglycin B.


chlordecone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlordecone alcohol + NADP+ = chlordecone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin A1 = prostaglandin C1.


valine-pyruvate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + pyruvate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine.


glucan 1,3-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic links in 1,3-alpha-D-glucans.


positive regulation of cerebellar neuron development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


shoot axis formation

The process that gives rise to a shoot axis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.


alpha-humulene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = alpha-humulene + diphosphate.


regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.


indole-3-carbonyl nitrile 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-carbonyl nitrile + NADPH +O2=4-hydroxyindole-3- carbonyl nitrile + NADP+ + H20.


N-acyl-D-glutamate deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glutamate + H2O = D-glutamate + a carboxylate.


capsule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


terephthalate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + terephthalate = (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+.


peptidyl-histidine adenylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine

The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine).


activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + sulfur-(sulfur carrier) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylthio-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (sulfur carrier) + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine.


2-dehydropantolactone reductase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.


protein phosphate-linked glycosylation via serine

The glycosylation of peptidyl-serine through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.


regulation of nucleus size

Any process that modulates the size of the nucleus.


monoterpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


xyloglucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


ABC-type oligopeptide transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligopeptide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligopeptide(in).


negative regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.


nematode male tail mating organ morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nematode male tail mating organ are generated and organized. The male tail is a sensory organ required for mating and, in C. elegans, consists of ray sensilla, an acellular cuticular fan, a sensory hook, and protracting, copulatory spicules.


phenylacetate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 2-hydroxyphenylacetate.


regulation of reproductive fruiting body development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive fruiting body development.


NAD+ diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = AMP + NMN.


prenylcysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


regulation of chitin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin.


cytokinin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


solitary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the solitary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of homologous chromosome segregation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of homologous chromosome segregation, the cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.


tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA] + NAD+ = mature tRNA + ADP ribose 1'',2''-phosphate + nicotinamide + H2O. This reaction is the transfer of the splice junction 2-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD+ to produce ADP-ribose 1'-2' cyclic phosphate.


negative regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


[methyl-Co(III) methanol-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase

Catalysis of the reaction: a [methyl-Co(III) methanol-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = methyl-coenzyme M + a [Co(I) methanol-specific corrinoid protein] + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.


peptide cross-linking via L-histidyl-L-tyrosine

The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a protein cross-link.


pigment metabolic process involved in pigment accumulation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, as part of the accumulation of pigment.


disruption by virus of host envelope lipopolysaccharide during virus entry

The breakdown of lipopolysaccharides in a host cell envelope during virus entry into a host cell. For example a phage entering a gram-negative bacterium may actively break down outer membrane lipopolysaccharides.


gamma-delta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming a gamma-delta T cell.


negative regulation of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade.


canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity

The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts out of a hepatocyte and into the bile canaliculus by means of an agent such as a transporter or pore. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


negative regulation of germ tube formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of host-seeking behavior

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.


gallate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + O2 = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

Combining with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allyl alcohol + NADP+ = acrolein + H+ + NADPH.


mannan 1,4-mannobiosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-mannans, to remove successive mannobiose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


metanephric prebend segment development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.


molting cycle, chitin-based cuticle

The periodic shedding of part or all of a chitin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


GDP-mannose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a GDP-mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-mannose is a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


negative regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT2 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 2).


cordyol C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cordyol C.


response to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.


chlorophyllide a oxygenase [overall] activity

Catalysis of the reactions: chlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + H2O + NADP+; and 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = chlorophyllide b + 2 H2O + NADP+.


protein-heparan sulfate linkage via heparan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

Heparan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


double layer follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when a double layer of distinct follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-independent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and not dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.


mannosylglycerate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.


nicotinic acid riboside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinic acid riboside = ADP + nicotinic acid mononucleotide.


positive regulation of penetration hypha formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.


endonucleolytic cleavage between LSU-rRNA and 5S rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-LSU-rRNA from a pre-5S rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


meiotic interphase

The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA.


regulation of photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoperiodism, flowering.


high-affinity ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-aspartate-adding)

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n + L-Asp = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp.


hypotaurine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP+ + taurine.


maintenance of kidney identity

The process in which the identity of a kidney is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


septin collar organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising the septin collar.


retinol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol = 11-cis-retinol.


paraxial mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.


cell budding

A form of asexual reproduction, occurring in certain bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts) and some primitive animals in which an individual arises from a daughter cell formed by pinching off a part of the parent cell. The budlike outgrowths so formed may sometimes remain attached to the parent cell.


ISG15-specific peptidase activity

A thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ISG15 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.


Catalysis of the reaction: hexose 1-phosphate + nucleoside triphosphate = NDP-hexose + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 2 H2O + 2 H2O2 + H+ + pyrroloquinoline quinone.


phthalate 4,5-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + phthalate = cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD+.


viral DNA cleavage involved in viral genome maturation

The cleavage of viral DNA into singular functional units.


centromere localization

A cellular localization process in which a centromere/kinetochore is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


negative regulation of transcytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.


response to photooxidative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a photooxidative stress, the light-dependent generation of active oxygen species. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.


high-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


estrone sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + estrone = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estrone 3-sulfate.


neuroblast migration

The orderly movement of a neuroblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


somatic processes downstream of sex determination signal

The events determining the somatic sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to soma-specific information pathways.


protein-RNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-RNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


dermatan sulfate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


monensin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monensin A.


viral budding from outer nuclear membrane

The envelopment of a virus, in which the naked capsid evaginates from the host outer nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.


aminolevulinate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminolevulinate + pyruvate = 4,5-dioxopentanoate + L-alanine.


hydroxylysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid. Hydroxylysine is found in collagen and commonly has galactose and then glucose added sequentially by glycosyltransferases.


alcohol O-octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an octyl ester.


Catalysis of the reaction: 11-deoxycorticosterone + NADH + H+ <=> 4-pregnen-20,21-diol-3-one + NAD.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + trimethylsulfonium = (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + dimethyl sulfide + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone = daidzein + H2O.


amnioserosa maintenance

Maintenance of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis.


oxylipin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


phytochelatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.


progesterone 21-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + progesterone + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 21-hydroxyprogesterone + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


positive regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


sinus venosus development

The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


inosinate nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + IMP = D-ribose 5-phosphate + hypoxanthine.


pseurotin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pseurotin A.


positive regulation of cardiac ventricle formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.


lead sulfide oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lead sulfide to lead sulfate.


detoxification of cadmium ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium ion. These may include transport of cadmium away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cadmium ion.


nucleus ambiguus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nucleus ambiguus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


D-glutamate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate = 5-oxo-D-proline + H2O.


positive regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.


germ cell repulsion

The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the repulsion of cells away from a tissue.


negative regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.


3-oxo-palmitoyl-ACP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 3-oxo-palmitoyl-[acp] = 3-oxopalmitic acid + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


phloroglucinol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + phloroglucinol.


lipoteichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


striated muscle contraction involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which force is generated within striated embryonic muscle tissue, resulting in a contraction of the muscle that contributes to the formation of an embryo's characteristic body morphology.


fruit valve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit valve is a part of a fruit that splits apart when the fruit dehisces.


root hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell.


regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.


enniatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores.


dehydroquinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-2,3,7-trideoxy-D-lyxo-hept-6-ulosonic acid + H2O + NAD = 3-dehydroquinate + ammonium + NADH + H+.


regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 7,8-diaminononanoate + S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate.


glutamine binding

Binding to glutamine, 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.


histone H3-K79 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 79 of the histone.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


vegetative phase change

Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


co-transcriptional RNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway

Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled  3' processing of RNA polymerase II RNA transcripts by 3' end cleavage  and addition of a poly(A) tail. This pathway is required for the maturation of primary protein-encoding transcripts into functional RNAs that can be exported from the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm, but is also required for polyadenylation-dependent decay.


2-hydroxypropyl-CoM lyase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (R)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM = H-S-CoM + (R)-1,2-epoxypropane, and (S)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM = H-S-CoM + (S)-1,2-epoxypropane.


regulation of synaptic plasticity by receptor localization to synapse

Any process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require, via receptor localization to the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. Processes may include receptor transport to, and/or maintenance at, the synapse.


poly-N-methyl-propylamination

The modification of peptidyl-lysine by the addition of an N6-propylamino and of propylmethylamino units, forming N6-(propylamino-poly(propylmethylamino)-propyldimethylamine)-L-lysine, typical of the silicate binding protein silaffin.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


glyoxal oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxal + O2 + H2O = glyoxalate + H2O2.


cytidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cytidine, cytosine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.


hypochlorous acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypochlorous acid.


methyl jasmonate methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a jasmonate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methyljasmonate.


glucoside 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + acceptor = 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucosyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside + reduced acceptor.


regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


perturbation by virus of host cell cycle progression

A process in which a virus interferes with the normal progression through the host cell cycle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of meiotic chromosome separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.


ammonium excretion

The elimination of ammonium ions from an excretory cell.


follicular B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a follicular B cell. Follicular B cells are major population of mature recirculating B cells in the spleen and are located in the B-cell follicle region.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methaneselenol => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethyl selenide.


(+)-camphor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.


endospore formation

The process in which a cell gives rise to an endospore, a dormant, highly resistant spore with a thick wall that forms within the mother cell. Endospores are produced by some low G+C Gram-positive bacteria in response to harsh conditions.


ornaline synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithinium(1+) + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+ <=> ornaline + NADP + H2O.


tRNA (guanosine 34-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine 34 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylguanosine 34 in tRNA.


venous endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a venous endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an venous endothelial cell.


P-type sodium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out); by a phosphorylative mechanism.


Catalysis of the reaction: Renilla luciferin + O2 = oxidized Renilla luciferin + CO2 + light.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = H+ + propanoate + cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + OH- = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + CoASH.


glycolate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).


response to symbiont defenses

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cystathionine gamma-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-succinyl-L-homoserine + L-cysteine = cystathionine + succinate.


Z-farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


strand displacement

The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules.


host-mediated regulation of oral microbiota composition

The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells, such as the bacteria, in the mouth.


Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH3 + oxaloacetic acid.


endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).


regulation of chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


intermediate filament polymerization

Assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of component monomers to a filament. Polymerization of intermediate filament proteins results from interactions among several distinct binding sites on the constituent proteins. Nuclear lamin head-to-tail polymers arise from one such interaction. Deletion analysis localized the binding sites to the ends of the rod domain that are highly conserved among all intermediate filament proteins. Data indicate that one type of interaction in intermediate filament protein polymerization is the longitudinal binding of dimers via the conserved end segments of the coiled-coil rod domain.


negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment

Any process that increases the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.


pyridine nucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.


maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements

Any process involved in sustaining CRISPR repeat clusters, including capture of new spacer elements, expansion or contraction of clusters, propagation of the leader sequence and repeat clusters within a genome, transfer of repeat clusters and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes to new genomes, transcription of the CRISPR repeat arrays into RNA and processing, and interaction of CRISPR/cas loci with the host genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) elements are a family of sequence elements containing multiple direct repeats of 24-48 bp with weak dyad symmetry which are separated by regularly sized nonrepetitive spacer sequences.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate = 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.


negative regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,9-dione + H2O = N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate.


alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + glucose-6-phosphate = alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + GDP.


response to beta-carotene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-carotene stimulus.


neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

The process by which diffusing neurotransmitter receptor becomes trapped in region of the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of secondary growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.


spliceosome conformational change to release U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11)

Rearrangement of the pre-catalytic spliceosome containing U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) snRNPs to unpair U4 (or U4atac) from U6 (or U6atac) and release it from the spliceosomal complex along with U1 (or U11).


xylan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.