regulation of protein tetramerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization.


proline transmembrane transport

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxia

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.


aortic valve development

The progression of the aortic valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


DNA recombinase mediator complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex containing accessory proteins which bind a recombinase (e.g. Rad51) and bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and promote nucleation of the recombinase onto ssDNA through facilitating recombinase-RPA exchange.


aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


tyrosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


angiotensin receptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Combining with angiotensin to initiate a change in cell activity.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung.


regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation.


cardiolipin binding

Binding to cardiolipin.


Fetal Tachycardia

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A fetal heart rate above 160 bpm that is sustained for longer than 10 minutes.


cell adhesion molecule production

The appearance of a cell adhesion molecule due to biosynthesis or secretion.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.


beta selection

The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.


retinal cone cell development

Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision.


guanine/thymine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a G/T mispair.


negative regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


adenine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


engulfment of apoptotic cell

The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.


cor pulmonale

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle of the heart that is caused by pulmonary hypertension. This condition is often associated with pulmonary parenchymal or vascular diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary embolism.


liver morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized.


gastric emptying

The process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


recognition of apoptotic cell

The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.


phenylpropanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


Systemic lupus erythematosus rash

A rash associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.


lipopolysaccharide transport

The directed movement of lipopolysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


laminin-11 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


Lymph Node Pain

A painful sensation in a lymph node.


dihydropyrimidinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O = 3-ureidopropionate.


methylglyoxal catabolic process to lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into lactate.


skin sarcoidosis

Formation of non-necrotizing granulomas in the skin. It may be a manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis or may also arise in isolation.


retinoic acid-responsive element binding

Binding to a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind.


JUN kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: JNKK + ATP = JNKK phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinases (JNKKs).


positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


prostaglandin-F synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.


O-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


premature ejaculation

A disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent ejaculation before or after penetration and before the person wishes it.


negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


positive regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


BRE binding

Binding to a BRE RNA element (Bruno response element).


Oromandibular dystonia

A kind of focal dystonia characterized by forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue causing difficulty in opening and closing the mouth and often affecting chewing and speech.


sulfhemoglobinemia

A morbid condition due to the presence of sulfmethemoglobin in the blood. It is marked by persistent cyanosis, but the blood count does not reveal any special abnormality in the blood. It is thought to be caused by the action of hydrogen sulfide absorbed from the intestine. (Stedman, 25th ed)


L-kynurenine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine).


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


telomerase catalytic core complex

The minimal catalytic core of telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes.


negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule linked to prior polyadenylation of the 3'-end of the precursor snoRNA.


regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


sterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of a double bond into a sterol molecule.


synaptic vesicle targeting

The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


behavioral response to formalin induced pain

Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a formalin pain stimulus.


regulation of angiotensin levels in blood

The process that modulates the level of any of the various angiotensinogen proteolytic products in the blood. This occurs by the proteolytic cleavage of angiotensinogen, and its proteolytic products, to create a variety of active peptide hormones, such as angiotensin I and angiotensin II, as well as through the removal of these peptides from the circulation.


protein hexamerization

The formation of a protein hexamer, a macromolecular structure consisting of six noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


histone pre-mRNA 3'end processing complex

A ribonucleoprotein that binds to specific sites in, and is required for cleavage of, the 3'-end of histone pre-mRNAs. The complex contains the U7 snRNP and additional proteins, including the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) and the exonuclease 3'hExo/Eri-1.


anoikis

Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.


regulation of fertilization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


Abnormal blood urea nitrogen concentration

Any deviation from the normal concentration of urea nitrogen in the blood.


establishment of Golgi localization

The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location.


neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


herpes simplex virus keratitis

A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (keratitis, dendritic). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)


ABC-type manganese transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Mn2+(in).


cell wall

The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.


aggressive behavior

A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual.


nucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.


regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.


dendritic growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell dendrite.


positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.


mRNA cleavage factor complex

Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules.


cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.


hemophilia

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder characterized by spontaneous hemorrhage or prolonged bleeding due to factor VIII or IX deficiency.


graft versus host disease

An immune system disorder that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and is a reaction of donor immune cells against host tissues. Activated donor T cells damage host epithelial cells after an inflammatory cascade that begins with the preparative regimen.


histone H3-K27 trimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.


preantral ovarian follicle growth

Increase in size of follicles surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells up to the onset of antrum formation.


secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate.


negative regulation of male germ cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.


citrate transport

The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


Organ Failure

The failure of an essential system in the body.


response to lipid hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


nucleolus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus.


icosanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of icosanoid.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


gram-negative bacterial infections

Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.


cellular response to cycloheximide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


activin receptor complex

A protein complex that acts as an activin receptor. Heterodimeric activin receptors, comprising one Type I activin receptor and one Type II receptor polypeptide, and heterotrimeric receptors have been observed.


colonic pseudo-obstruction

Functional obstruction of the colon leading to megacolon in the absence of obvious colonic diseases or mechanical obstruction. When this condition is acquired, acute, and coexisting with another medical condition (trauma, surgery, serious injuries or illness, or medication), it is called Ogilvie's syndrome.


sesamoid bone

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A sesamoid element that is composed of bone tissue.


Ambenonium

A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.


O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


acetyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.


protein localization to nuclear envelope

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a nuclear envelope.


Hypoperfusion

No component of the tumor exhibits perfusion equal to or greater than cerebellar gray matter, excluding encased or grossly visible intrinsic vasculature.


UV-damage excision repair

A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).


endolymphatic sac

From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the ductus endolymphaticus, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch, the endolymphatic sac, on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater. Studies suggest that the endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac perform both absorptive and secretory, as well as phagocytic and immunodefensive,functions . [WP,unvetted].


Lucanthone

A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.


negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.


regulation of SA node cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an SA node cardiac myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


positive regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.


premature menopause

Cessation of menstruation before the age of 40. Symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and decreased sex drive.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.


regulation of lipophagy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy.


steroid sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenolic steroid = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + steroid O-sulfate.


maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


cerebellar molecular layer development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar molecular layer nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


membrane to membrane docking

The initial attachment of a membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the two membranes. Docking requires only that the membranes come close enough for the proteins to interact and adhere.


oxidative RNA demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleosides within a RNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.


glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


outer acrosomal membrane

The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the plasma membrane of the sperm. This membrane fuses with the sperm plasma membrane as part of the acrosome reaction.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.


vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction

Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


Abdominal symptom

A subjective manifestation of disease localized to the abdomen.


regulation of TRAIL production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.


regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.


methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


NADPH oxidase complex

A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.


exo-alpha-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.


compartment syndrome

Elevated pressure in a confined space enclosed by fascia or eschar, which may lead to vascular compromise and subsequent ischemic injury to the tissue within the space.


leucine zipper domain binding

Binding to a leucine zipper domain, a protein secondary structure exhibiting a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns.


Slx1-Slx4 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses an endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves certain types of branched DNA structures; because such structures often form during the replication ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats, the complex plays a role in the maintenance of rDNA. The subunits are known as Slx1 and Slx 4 in budding and fission yeasts, and are conserved in eukaryotes.


negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


neurotrophin binding

Binding to a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.


mitral valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mitral valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


BH3 domain binding

Binding to a BH3 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. The BH3 domain is a potent death domain and has an important role in protein-protein interactions and in cell death.


choline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of choline from one side of a membrane to the other. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


herpes simplex dermatitis

Localized rash characterized by grouped vesicles or pustules on an erythematous base that is caused by herpes simplex virus infection.


response to bacterial lipoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.


positive regulation of cytoplasmic translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.


cardiac muscle tissue growth involved in heart morphogenesis

The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


Sleep paralysis

An inability to move the body at the onset of sleep or upon awakening from sleep, lasting for seconds to a few minutes.


Asterixis

A clinical sign indicating a lapse of posture and is usually manifest by a bilateral flapping tremor at the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and hip joints.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess

An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients.


filopodium assembly

The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.


glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor.


gonadotropin secretion

The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.


response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


lung neoplasm

A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the lungs. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include adenoma, papilloma, chondroma, and endobronchial lipoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, sarcoma, and lymphoma.


glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate.


magnesium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell.


negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt.


commitment of multipotent stem cells to neuronal lineage in forebrain

The initial commitment of cells whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into some type of neuron in the forebrain.


Pruritus vulvae

A sensation of itching in the vulvar region.


nuclear progesterone receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear progesterone receptor.


mRNA editing complex

A protein complex that posttranscriptionally catalyzes insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides at multiple sites within nascent mRNA transcripts to produce mature mRNAs in eukaryotes.


viral encephalitis

Encephalitis resulting from viral infection.


eye pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


protein side chain deglutamylation

The removal of a glutamate residue from the side chain of a protein. Glutamate side chains are added to glutamic acid residues within the primary protein sequence during polyglutamylation.


aminoacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = a carboxylate + an L-amino acid.


Sprain

A stretching or tearing of a ligament.


negative regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


male breast carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm involving the male breast.


peroxisome matrix targeting signal-1 binding

Binding to a type 1 peroxisome targeting signal, a tripeptide with the consensus sequence (S/A/C)-(K/R/H)-L.


peptidyl-glutamine modification

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine.


leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response

The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response.


protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex involved in ERAD pathway

Any protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex that is involved in ERAD pathway. Following their retrotranslocation out of the endoplasmic reticulum, protein substrates must be shuttled to the cytosolic proteasome for degradation.


dense fibrillar component

A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and a collection of proteins.


response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloroallyl aldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 3-chloroacrylic acid.


leukotriene-C4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene C(4) = glutathione + leukotriene A(4).


glomerular endothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus.


Positive Blood Culture

A laboratory test result demonstrating the presence of a specific organism in a blood sample after culture.


glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells, resulting in the expansion of the population.


maxillary artery

An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted].


soft palate development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the soft palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate.


regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.


Amyl nitrite

A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.


vaginismus

Tightness of the vaginal wall during vaginal penetration including sexual intercourse. It is caused by involuntary spasm of the pelvic floor muscles, and results in painful intercourse or failure to have intercourse. It may due to psychological conditions, trauma in the vaginal area, or vaginal infection.


glycerol-3-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


positive regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.


negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.


regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.


positive regulation of granzyme B production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.


positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


aortic aneurysm

A ruptured aneurysm located in the wall of the proximal portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta.


atrioventricular node cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell. AV node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the atrioventricular node.


Central nervous system stimulation (procedure)

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic respiratory disease that results from complications related to lung injury during the treatment of infant acute respiratory distress syndrome in low-birth-weight premature infants or from abnormal lung development in older infants. Clinical signs are tachypnea, tachycardia and signs of respiratory distress such as intercostal recession, grunting and nasal flaring.


ankyrin repeat binding

Binding to an ankyrin repeat of a protein. Ankyrin repeats are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids; each repeat folds into a helix-loop-helix structure with a beta-hairpin/loop region projecting out from the helices at a 90-degree angle, and repeats stack to form an L-shaped structure.


serotonin secretion

The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells.


regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


regulation of DNA recombination at telomere

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.


negative regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation.


regulation of mast cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.


endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable.


DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the C-O-P bond in the AP site created when DNA glycosylase removes a damaged base, involved in the DNA base excision repair pathway (BER).


inner dynein arm

Inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. The structure of inner dynein arms is complex and may vary within the axoneme. Inner dynein arms are heteromeric, comprising 8 different heavy chains and various subunits. Inner and outer dynein arms have different functions in the generation of microtubule-based motility.


response to prostaglandin F

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.


cardiac tamponade

Acute compression of the heart caused by increased intrapericardial pressure due to the collection of blood or fluid in the pericardium from rupture of the heart, penetrating trauma, or progressive effusion.


atrioventricular dissociation

Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the sinoatrial node and the right atrium (sa block) or between atria and ventricles (av block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.


LBD domain binding

Binding to a protein's ligand binding domain (LBD) domain, found in nuclear receptors. In general, the LBDs consist of three layers comprised of twelve alpha-helices and several beta-strands that are organized around a lipophilic ligand-binding pocket.


histone H3-K27 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.


Ectopic ossification

Formation of abnormal, extraskeletal bony tissue, i.e., the presence of bone in soft tissue where bone normally does not exist.


beta-3 adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to a beta-3 adrenergic receptor.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in a cardiac muscle cell (a cardiomyocyte). A membrane potential is the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


inclusion body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.


negative regulation of miRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.


cluster headache syndrome

A headache disorder that is characterized by periodic severe, unilateral orbital, supraorbital, and/or temporal pain, and is associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms.


adenine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-phenylalanine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


establishment of blood-brain barrier

Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the brain. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.


olfactory receptor binding

Binding to an olfactory receptor.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream or released from the nerve endings.


Weak pulse

A diminution in the amplitude (strength) of the pulse such that the examiner has difficulty feeling the pulse.


amyloid precursor protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


regulation of establishment of T cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.


congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A posterolateral defect of the diaphragm that allows passage of abdominal viscera into the thorax, leading to respiratory insufficiency and persistent pulmonary hypertension with high mortality.


cellular response to UV-A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.


positive regulation of eosinophil activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.


inner cell mass cell fate commitment

The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become inner cell mass cells.


Female infertility associated with anovulation

A menstrual cycle in which no ovulation occurs.


negative regulation of CD40 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.


activation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that initiates the activity of inactive phospholipase D.


mitotic spindle pole

Either of the ends of a mitotic spindle, a spindle that forms as part of mitosis, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


Infection by human herpesvirus 6

An infection that is caused by human herpesvirus-6.


glomerular capillary formation

The process that gives rise to a glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed necrotic cell death

Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in programmed necrotic cell death.


metanephric podocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


pupil disorder

A disease involving the pupil.


lactose binding

Binding to lactose, a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, the carbohydrate of milk.


negative regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


rRNA primary transcript binding

Binding to an unprocessed ribosomal RNA transcript.


establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere

The directed movement of a protein-containing macromolecular complex to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


ureteric bud formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. This process begins when the bud protrudes from the duct and ends when it is a recognizable bud.


D-serine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


NFAT protein binding

Binding to NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) proteins, a family of transcription factors. NFAT proteins have crucial roles in the development and function of the immune system.


purine nucleoside transmembrane transport

The process in which a purine nucleoside is transported across a membrane. A purine nucleoside is a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.


negative regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation.


Enanthema

A sudden eruption (rash) of the surface of a mucous membrane of the mouth or pharynx.


negative regulation of bile acid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process.


calcium-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a calcium-dependent protein kinase.


Conjunctival follicles

Small, dome-shaped nodules without a prominent central vessel located on the conjunctiva. The lymphoid follicles are located in the subendothelial region of the conjunctiva. They consist of a germinal center that contains immature, proliferating lymphocytes, as well as a corona that contains mature lymphocytes and plasma cells.


glutamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor production

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of mast cell cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.


Renal vein thrombosis

The presence of a thrombus (blood clot) in the major renal veins or its tributaries, generally leading to passive congestion that develops causes the affected kidney to swell and become engorged, leading to degeneration of nephrons and causing symptoms of flank pain, hematuria, and decreased urine output.


synaptic transmission involved in micturition

The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly. High-density lipoprotein particle assembly is the aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.


intermittent explosive disorder

A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of serious assaultive acts or destruction of property due to a failure to resist aggressive impulses; the degree of aggression during these episodes is grossly out of proportion to any psychosocial provocation. The aggressive episodes are not etiologically linked to another mental disorder, a general medical condition, or substance use.


catenin complex

Complex of peripheral cytoplasmic proteins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin) that interact with the cytoplasmic region of uvomorulin/E-cadherin to connect it to the actin cytoskeleton.


insulin-like growth factor II binding

Binding to insulin-like growth factor II.


positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


membrane repolarization during action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


polyphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiopurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thiopurine S-methylether.


glucose 1-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 1-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-1.


beta-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


positive regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.


dopamine uptake

The directed movement of dopamine into a cell.


positive regulation of histone H2B ubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B ubiquitination.


positive regulation of oocyte maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.


cyanate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


hip joint

A synovial joint that connects the femur to the acetbulum of the innominate bone.


Toll-like receptor binding

Binding to a Toll-like protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


DNA replication preinitiation complex

A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The preinitiation complex is formed by the assembly of additional proteins onto an existing prereplicative complex. In budding yeast, the additional proteins might include Cdc45p, Sld2p, Sld3p, Dpb11p, DNA polymerases, and others; in fission yeast the GINS complex is present.


distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The distal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. Among other functions, in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter.


inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.


regulation of axon diameter

Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon growth such that the correct diameter is attained and maintained.


triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


facial neuralgia

Neuralgic syndromes which feature chronic or recurrent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease. Disorders of the trigeminal and facial nerves are frequently associated with these conditions.


positive regulation of protein localization to early endosome

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to early endosome.


regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.


dihydrobiopterin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a dihydrobiopterin, a reduced pteridine derivative related to folic acid; it acts as an electron carrier in tyrosine biosynthesis and its quinoid form is produced by oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin in several biological hydroxylation reactions.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


lamin filament

Any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. They are classified as lamins A, B and C.


response to cycloheximide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


positive regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to an endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endothelial cell.


negative regulation of negative chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. The isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a isoleucine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


uvea

The pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited].


actin rod assembly

The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules.


peptidyl-aspartic acid modification

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid.


Ligament injury

An injury to any of the fibrous bands of tissue that comprise an articulation (joint).


epithelial cell maturation involved in prostate gland development

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the prostate gland to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.


planar dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis

The process in which a lung bud bifurcates parallel to the plane of the previous bud.


pseudopodium assembly

The assembly of a pseudopodium by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.


regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


Perceptual distortions

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


protein localization to nuclear pore

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a nuclear pore.


chondrocyte hypertrophy

The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time.


rRNA 2'-O-methylation

The addition of a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis.


polyamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


cell outer membrane

A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


sesquiterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.


ferric-chelate reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + NADP+ + H+ -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + NADPH.


peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptide-L-methionine + H2O + thioredoxin disulfide = peptide-L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. Can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the R enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.


small ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

Binding to small ribosomal subunit RNA (SSU rRNA), a constituent of the small ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 18S rRNA.


Muscle flaccidity

A type of paralysis in which a muscle becomes soft and yields to passive stretching, which results from loss of all or practically all peripheral motor nerves that innervated the muscle. Muscle tone is reduced and the affected muscles undergo extreme atrophy within months of the loss of innervation.


regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


Ovulation inhibited

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


positive regulation of phospholipid efflux

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.


positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to telomere.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.


response to cGMP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + HCO3-(out) = Na+(in) + HCO3-(in).


Hypertriglyceridemia

An abnormal increase in the level of triglycerides in the blood.


regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.


D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) = D-tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-tyrosine from tyrosine residues in charged tRNA.


pancreatic PP cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


amino acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + H+(out) = amino acid(in) + H+(in).


aortic disorder

Pathology involving the thoracic, thoracoabdominal, or abdominal aorta (including aneurysms). (ACC)


Catalysis of the reactions: (1) 5beta-cholestan-3-one + NADP+ = cholest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + H+ and (2) 17,21-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione + NADP+ = cortisone + NADPH + H+.


11-cis retinal binding

Binding to 11-cis retinal, an isomer of retinal that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin or visual purple. Retinal is one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.


regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding

Binding to a member of the MDM2/MDM4 protein family, comprising negative regulators of p53.


positive regulation of DNA ligation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.


positive regulation of lipophagy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy.


citrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-aminoacyl-tRNA = D-amino acid + tRNA. Hydrolysis of the removal of D-amino acids from residues in charged tRNA.


ErbB-2 class receptor binding

Binding to a protein-tyrosine kinase receptor Neu/ErbB-2/HER2.


collagen type IX trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type IX alpha chains in alpha1(IX)alpha2(IX)alpha3(IX) trimers; type IX collagen triple helices associate to form a structure that links glycosaminoglycans to type II collagen fibrils.


lipoxin A4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin A4. Lipoxin A4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.


positive regulation of cap-independent translational initiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cap-independent translational initiation.


RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor binding

Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.


regulation of multivesicular body size

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles.


negative regulation of vitamin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


Abdominal Abscess

An abscess within the abdomen.


apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex

Protein complex that mediates editing of the mRNA encoding apolipoprotein B; catalyzes the deamination of C to U (residue 6666 in the human mRNA). Contains a catalytic subunit, APOBEC-1, and other proteins (e.g. human ASP; rat ASP and KSRP).


proteasome activator complex

A multisubunit complex that activates the hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides by binding to the proteasome core complex.


neutrophil aggregation

The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.


intracellular water homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within a cell.


Bile Duct Stenosis

Narrowing or stricture of the bile duct.


nasal bone

One of two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, 'the bridge' of the nose[WP]. Paired dermal bones, likened to a bone tube, positioned lateral to the supraethmoid. Nasal bones are transversed by the anterior most part of the supraorbital canals and bear one neuromast foramen in zebrafish[ZFA].


chromosome passenger complex

A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger complex coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora kinase, INCENP and Borealin.


Hypouricemia

An abnormally low level of uric acid in the blood.


Modulates the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity.


umbilical cord morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the umbilical cord are generated and organized. The umbilical cord is an organ or embryonic origin consisting of the 2 umbilical arteries and the one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord connects the cardiovascular system of the fetus to the mother via the placenta.


cochlear nerve

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A nerve in the head that carries signals from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain. It is part of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the 8th cranial nerve which is found in higher vertebrates; the other portion of the 8th cranial nerve is the vestibular nerve which carries spatial orientation information from the semicircular canals. The cochlear nerve is a sensory nerve, one which conducts to the brain information about the environment, in this case acoustic energy impinging on the tympanic membrane. The cochlear nerve arises from within the cochlea and extends to the brainstem, where its fibers make contact with the cochlear nucleus, the next stage of neural processing in the auditory system[WP].


interleukin-8 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-8 receptor.


manchette

A tubular array of microtubules that extends from the perinuclear ring surrounding the spermatid nucleus to the flagellar axoneme. The manchette may also contain F-actin filaments.


homoiothermy

Any homoeostatic process in which an organism maintains its internal body temperature at a relatively constant value. This is achieved by using metabolic processes to counteract fluctuations in the temperature of the environment.


prostaglandin J receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin J (PGJ(2)), a metabolite of prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of melanosome organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization.


Pentolinium

A dication whose structure comprises a pentane backbone linking two 1-methylpyrrolidinium groups; a nicotinic antagonist used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.


acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA.


Kearns-Sayre syndrome

Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a mitochondrial disease characterized by progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), pigmentary retinitis and an onset before the age of 20 years. Common additional features include deafness, cerebellar ataxia and heart block.


fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


astrocyte cell migration

The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.


gamma-tubulin complex localization

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


regulation of granzyme B production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.


negative regulation of interleukin-23 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate.


establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

Establishment of a structure near the basement membrane in adjacent Sertoli cells of the seminiferous epithelium for maintaining spermatogenesis. The structure consists of tight junctions, basal ectoplasmic specializations, and desmosome-like junctions.


regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


detoxification of nitrogen compound

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.


tumor of uterus

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the uterus.


A protein complex that possesses glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase activity, and therefore creates Gln-tRNA by amidating Glu-tRNA; usually composed of 3 subunits: A, B, and C. Note that the C subunit may not be required in all organisms.


regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


acetylcholine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.


post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during post-embryonic development.


Brain abscess

A collection of pus, immune cells, and other material in the brain.


Serum creatinine outside reference range


The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.


epidermoid cysts

The most common type of cutaneous cyst. It results from the proliferation of epidermal cells in a circumscribed space within the dermis. It is usually asymptomatic and presents as a firm, round nodule.


Uterine Pain

A painful sensation in the uterus.


positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.


tubulin deacetylation

The removal of an acetyl group from tubulin. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


Livedo

A reddish-blue mottled condition of skin caused by inflammation of the cutaneous blood vessels.


viral envelope

The lipid bilayer of a virion that surrounds the protein capsid. May also contain glycoproteins.


adenocarcinoma

A common cancer characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells. Morphologically, adenocarcinomas are classified according to the growth pattern (e.g., papillary, alveolar) or according to the secreting product (e.g., mucinous, serous). Representative examples of adenocarcinoma are ductal and lobular breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma), colon adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma.


tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


phylloquinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.


Solid Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from tissues that do not include fluid areas.  Representative examples include epithelial neoplasms (e.g. lung carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma), and neoplasms arising from the soft tissues and bones (e.g. leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma).  Neoplasms originating from the blood or bone marrow (leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders) are not considered solid tumors.


leucine binding

Binding to 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


Roundabout signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a SLIT protein binding to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


nucleocytoplasmic transport complex

Any complex that acts to move proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.


RNA polymerase II transcription repressor complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase II promoter.


Zinc deficiency

A genetic or acquired metabolic disorder that is associated with zinc deficiency in the tissues.


peptidyl-tryptophan modification

The chemical alteration of a tryptophan residue in a peptide.


basement membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane.


nodal signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by nodal protein binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


uterine cervix carcinoma in situ

Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0). Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.) - 2003


Penile Pain

Painful sensation in the penis.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-9,10-oxide.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase complex

A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that is involved in nuclear envelope organization, and contains proteins known in budding yeast as Nem1p and Spo7p.


specification of animal organ position

The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which animal organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new animal organ.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


Hydroxyproline

An optically active form of 4-hydroxyproline having L-trans-configuration.


acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.


myxedema

A condition characterized by severe hypothyroidism that is caused by autoimmune thyroid gland disorders, surgical reduction of thyroid tissue, radiation exposure, and viral infections. Signs and symptoms include generalized fatigue, lethargy, increased body weight, pale, edematous and thickened skin, low blood pressure, constipation and cold intolerance.


CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the joining of a carboxyl group to a molecule that is attached to CoA, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


regulation of Schwann cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.


Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


respiratory system disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system. Representative examples include pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary failure, lung adenoma, lung carcinoma, and tracheal carcinoma.


phenethylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylethylamine + O2 + H2O = phenylacetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


forebrain astrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


cellular response to salt stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum

The portion of the free sarcoplasmic reticulum consisting of longitudinal tubules that connect terminal cisternae.


tunica media

The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted].


Meningioma

The presence of a meningioma, i.e., a benign tumor originating from the dura mater or arachnoid mater.


regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.


regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH.


dysautonomia

An acute or chronic disorder, affecting the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. It can be primary, the result of central nervous system degeneration, or secondary due to diabetes or alcoholism. Patients with the chronic form of this disorder usually have a progressive clinical course and a poor prognosis.


cellular response to carbon monoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.


smooth muscle cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a smooth muscle cell in response to an external stimulus.


cell dedifferentiation

The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


granzyme-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce apoptosis in target cells.


Skin-picking

Repetitive and compulsive picking of skin which results in tissue damage.


thrombophilia

A condition characterized by an abnormally high level of thrombi. Causes include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bone marrow disorders, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.


Tetraparesis

Weakness of all four limbs.


regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.


MHC class II protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class II protein complex.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.


aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle

The active transport of aminergic neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. This import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane, established by the action proton pumps.


MIS12/MIND type complex

A multiprotein kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the outer kinetochore. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. In humans, it consists of MIS12, DSN1, NSL1 and PMF1.


positive regulation of gastrulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.


pristanoyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pristanoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


positive regulation of centrosome duplication

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.


olfactory placode morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the olfactory placode are generated and organized. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


dinucleotide repeat insertion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a dinucleotide repeat insertion or a deletion resulting in unpaired dinucleotide repeats.


long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


prostate gland stromal morphogenesis

The process in which the prostate gland stroma is generated and organized. The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland.


regulation of homocysteine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.


regulation of cholesterol import

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cholesterol import. Cholesterol import is the directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.


COP9 signalosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a COP9 signalosome.


inositol monophosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion

The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum.


retinal blood vessel morphogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


CIA complex

The cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur clusters into apoproteins involved in DNA metabolism and genomic integrity.


spindle midzone assembly

The cell cycle process in which aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle midzone. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


negative regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


otolith development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


fibrillar center

A structure found most metazoan nucleoli, but not usually found in lower eukaryotes; surrounded by the dense fibrillar component; the zone of transcription from multiple copies of the pre-rRNA genes is in the border region between these two structures.


myelitis

An inflammatory process affecting the spinal cord. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune disorders, vascular disorders, and toxic agents. Symptoms include weakness, paresthesia, sensory loss, pain, and incontinence.


pyrimidine nucleotide salvage

Any process which produces a pyrimidine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.


negative regulation of intestinal lipid absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.


Delayed puberty

Passing the age when puberty normally occurs with no physical or hormonal signs of the onset of puberty.


distal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a distal tubule are generated and organized. The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of lung

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the lung. This may be from a primary lung malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Unresponsive to Stimuli

An individual whose level of consciousness is such that he is not responsive to any stimulus.


Hypercalciuria

Abnormally high level of calcium in the urine.


Megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B>12< deficiency


positive regulation of axon guidance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.


central nervous system myelin formation

The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-3 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


mast cell secretory granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a mast cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


olfactory placode development

The progression of the olfactory placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


bronchiole development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.


rhombomere 3 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 3 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay

A pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of steps that is independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay, and that can regulate mRNA stability.


monoterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.


RNA polymerase I transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase I.


AP-2 adaptor complex

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits, and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle, and the cargo receptors during receptor/clathrin mediated endocytosis. Vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


depyrimidination

The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N6-methyladenine.


response to histamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.


foramen ovale closure

The morphogenetic process in which the foramen ovale closes after birth, to prevent blood flow between the right and left atria. In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. Closure of the foramen ovale after birth stops this blood flow.


regulation of sprouting of injured axon

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.


axial mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.


galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of galactosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of galactose or a galactose derivative.


trachea gland development

The progression of a trachea gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Trachea glands are found under the mucus of the trachea and secrete mucus, and agents that help protect the lung from injury and infection.


lobar bronchus epithelium development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus epithelium is the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus.