choline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


positive regulation of aorta morphogenesis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + OH- = 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate.


glial cell differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the amphid sensory organ.


Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + caffeoyl-CoA <=> gentiodelphin + coenzyme A.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network maintenance

The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


maleylpyruvate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate = 3-fumarylpyruvate.


cytosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.


tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Tolerance induction in response to nonself antigens.


transcription regulator activity

A molecular function that controls the rate, timing and/or magnitude of gene transcription. The function of transcriptional regulators is to modulate gene expression at the transcription step so that they are expressed in the right cell at the right time and in the right amount throughout the life of the cell and the organism. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.


positive regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.


icosanoyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ = icosanoyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 NAD(P)+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H+ + pimelyl-CoA = 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + CO2 + CoA.


thiamine-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine phosphate = ADP + H+ + thiamine diphosphate.


response to humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage. This assembly occurs before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.


negative regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


positive regulation of cardiac chamber formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.


branching involved in seminal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the seminal vesicle is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


negative regulation of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching.


dihydropteridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6,7-dihydropteridine, a bicyclic compound with the formula C6H6N4.


transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


memory T cell differentiation

The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.


envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism.


positive regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host glycoprotein

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a glycoprotein on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + H+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2.


plus-end specific microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule.


rejection of self pollen

The recognition and rejection of self pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydrochelirubine + H+.


tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-34 + H2O = inosine-34 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.


L-altrarate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-altrarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.


regulation of shoot system morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot morphogenesis.


taurocyamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + taurocyamine = N-phosphotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H+.


prothoracic disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the prothoracic disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a prothoracic imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult humerous and anterior spiracle.


terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, independent of mevalonate. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis, it is produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


suppression by virus of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


L-hydroxyproline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-hydroxyproline from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + O2 = 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + 2 CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys) = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-lysyl)-sn-glycerol + tRNA(Lys).


negative regulation of positive thymic T cell selection

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-9-alpha-hydroxy-11,15-dioxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.


ribonuclease M5 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.


uracil biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.


deoxyribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.


pancreas field specification

The process in which a specific region of the gut is delineated into the area in which the pancreas will develop.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cystine reductase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cystine reductase.


negative regulation of nigerotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


negative regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.


negative regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.


regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

A process that modulates synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


shade avoidance

Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.


intracellular lysine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of lysine within a cell.


mycothiol-arsenate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + mycothiol <=> mycothiol-arsenate conjugate + H2O.


cellular response to desipramine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desipramine stimulus.


negative regulation of pyroptosis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxymethyl)glutarate + NAD+ = 2-formylglutarate + H+ + NADH.


positive energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


immature T cell proliferation

The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division.


phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


negative regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-CH3 = X + 1-methoxyphenanthrene.


negative regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.


cellular response to disaccharide stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.


regulation of distal tip cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


sweat gland development

The progression of the sweat gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Sweat glands secrete an aqueous solution that is used in thermoregulation.


glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + quinate = O-feruloylquinate + CoA.


negative regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


pyochelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


tubulin-glycine ligase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target tubulin molecule; acts on alpha or beta tubulin.


determination of sensory modality

The determination of the type or quality of a sensation. Sensory modalities include touch, thermal sensation, visual sensation, auditory sensation and pain.


cellular response to glucoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.


7-oxateasterone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + teasterone + NADPH + O2 <=> 7-oxateasterone + NADP + H2O.


oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


myoblast fate determination involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methylarsonite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethylarsinate.


skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle fiber cell. Skeletal muscle fiber differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual skeletal muscle fibers fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + glycine betaine = N,N-dimethylglycine + L-methionine.


negative regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.


signal transduction

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.


N-methyl-L-amino-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-methyl-L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = an L-amino acid + formaldehyde + H2O2.


actin filament fragmentation

The severing of actin filaments into numerous short fragments, usually mediated by actin severing proteins.


isoprene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + isoprene.


regulation of cytokinesis, site selection

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.


iron incorporation into hydrogenase diiron subcluster via L-cysteine ligation

The incorporation of iron into an L-cysteinyl diiron subcluster, found in Fe-hydrogenase.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.


N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid = CO2 + NH3 + D-amino acid.


peptide cross-linking via 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine

The modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.


inner ear receptor cell differentiation involved in inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new inner ear sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.


arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other.


quercetin gentiotrioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol = 9,10-anthraquinone + 4 H+ + 4 e-.


vetispiradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + vetispiradiene.


C-4 methylsterol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + 6 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 5 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-beta-hydroxymethyl-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + 6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 4 H2O.


regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + H2O = D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + acetate. This reaction is the second step of the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), used to anchor various eukaryotic proteins to the cell-surface membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glyoxylate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate.


meiotic prophase II

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


ecdysone O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + palmitoyl-CoA = CoA + ecdysone palmitate.


agmatine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + ATP = N(4)-phosphoagmatine + ADP + 3 H+.


negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


positive regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides.


mithramycin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mithramycin + NADP = mithramycin DK + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


primary cell septum disassembly

Dissolution of the primary septum during cell separation.


modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


acetylputrescine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylputrescine + H2O = acetate + putrescine.


methyl ethyl ketone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.


2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone 6C-glucoside dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-glucosyl-2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone <=> H+ + 6C-hexosyl chrysin + H2O.


valine dehydrogenase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NADP+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADPH.


abscisic acid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + UDP-D-glucose = abscisic acid glucose ester + UDP.


protein-lysine lysylation

The addition of lysine group to a lysine residue in a protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


chlorophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.


detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone + phosphoenolpyruvate = glycerone phosphate + pyruvate.


cellular response to gibberellin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


The methylation of a glutamine residue in proteins to form the peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative.


16S rRNA (guanine(1207)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


purine deoxyribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.


methanopterin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a methanopterin.


DNA methylation on cytosine within a CHH sequence

The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within an asymmetric CHH sequence in a DNA molecule. H stands for an adenine, cytosine, or thymine nucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.


cysteine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O2 = 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H+.


negative regulation of myofibroblast contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.


ISG15 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier ISG15, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


GCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCC codon.


regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


dendrite arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated and organized into dendritic branches.


regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.


enterocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an enterocyte.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (5alpha)-campestan-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + H2O + NADP.


neuron projection fasciculation

The collection of neuronal projections into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-methylthioheptylhydroximate <=> H+ + 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


polarity specification of proximal/distal axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis.


actinorhodin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of actinorhodin.


response to borneol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.


negative regulation of signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.


dTDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.


Notch receptor processing, ligand-dependent

The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur as a result of ligand binding. Ligand binding at the cell surface exposes an otherwise inaccessible cleavage site in the extracellular portion of Notch, which when cleaved releases a membrane-tethered form of the Notch intracellular domain. Subsequent cleavage within the transmembrane domain then leads to the release of the soluble Notch intracellular domain (NICD).


response to acadesine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.


oripavine 6-O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oripavine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> morphinone + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


acharan sulfate lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in acharan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with a uniformly repeating disaccharide structure of alpha-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronic acid.


cellular response to biotin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


emericellin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellin.


aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane that occur in presence of oxygen.


basophil activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.


sensory perception of itch

A sensory perception which causes the desire or reflex to scratch.


pelvic fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pelvic fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + H+(out) = succinate(in) + H+(in).


calcitonin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide calcitonin.


cellular component morphogenesis

The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized.


amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+ + L-glutamate.


delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linoleate + O2 = A + crepenynate + 2 H2O.


male somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma.


alpha,alpha-trehalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.


regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


cell wall pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


pteridine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio

The process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to its cytoplasm is sensed by a cell.


histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me3.


phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + ATP + H2O = D-phenylalanine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


uracil transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N(4)-methylcytidine in rRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


mitochondrial mRNA modification

The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA + H2O <=> demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


peptide-acetyl-CoA secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of peptide-acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde.


defense response by callose deposition

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.


cellular response to vitamin B2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.


structural constituent of proteasome

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the proteasome.


cochlear outer hair cell electromotile response

A rapid, force generating length change of an outer hair cell in response to electical stimulation. This occurs naturally as during hearing where it serves a source of mechanical amplification.


disruption by symbiont of host anatomical structure

The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis.


erythromycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythromycin.


central tolerance induction

Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs: the thymus and bone marrow.


perturbation of signal transduction in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.


myoblast fate commitment in trunk

The process taking place in the trunk whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+.


cellular response to brefeldin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


D-lysopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-lysine + H+ + NADPH + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.


Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


protein stearoylation

The covalent attachment of a stearoyl group to an amino acid in a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-11beta-hydroxycassa-12,15-diene + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of lysosome size

Any process that modulates the size of a lysosome.


cell proliferation involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

Any cell proliferation that is involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis.


conversion of seryl-tRNAsec to selenocys-tRNAsec

The modification process that results in the conversion of serine, carried by a specialized tRNA(ser) (which can read a UGA anticodon), to selenocysteine.


glutamate synthase activity, NAD(P)H as acceptor

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinone = 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + a quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + trans-aconitate = (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)but-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


helper T cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a helper T cell in response to an external stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = L-ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).


tRNA m6t6A37 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine at position 37 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methylthreonylcarbamoyladenosine at position 37.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: trehalose(out) + H+(out) = trehalose(in) + H+(in).


trochlear nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, with copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB3 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3. ERBB3 also has impaired kinase activity and relies on ERBB2 for activation and signal transmission.


(S)-nandinine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-nandinine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


adhesion between unicellular organisms

The attachment of two unicellular organisms to each other.


protein guanylylation

The addition of phospho-guanosine to a protein amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.


evasion of host immune response

A process by which an organism avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glucomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucomannan.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tetrahydropalmatine.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


insulin receptor recycling

The process that results in the return of an insulin receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive an insulin signal. Internalized insulin receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


effector-mediated induction of plant hypersensitive response by symbiont

A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont activates a resistance gene-dependent defense response signaling pathway in the plant host, in order to activate a hypersensitive response to induce necrosis. In the plant, this process involves the direct or indirect recognition of the symbiont effector protein for example through plant resistance receptor or R proteins (or R genes).


positive regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.


cyanate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


2-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 2-naphthoate + NADH + H+.


nervous system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.


regulation of optic nerve formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.


transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + D-fructose 6-phosphate.


lupeol 28-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lupeol + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 3 H+ <=> betulinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 3-(all-trans-polyrenyl)benzene-1,2-diol <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-polyprenyl)phenol.


negative regulation of iron ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


chalcone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium.


oxygen evolving activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The evolution of oxygen from oxidizing water is carried out by the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II of plants. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.


The dimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethylserine.


curcumin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polyphenol, curcumin.


negative regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD+ = (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + H+ + NADH.


nucleate erythrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


negative regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


L-valine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-valine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-valine is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


scattered antral spaces stage

The stage in oogenesis when antral spaces begin to form in the follicle cells. Mitochondria form centers for yolk concentration.


intracellular sphingolipid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sphingolipids within a cell.


positive regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that activates, maintains or increases short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


free ubiquitin chain depolymerization

The process in which free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers, are broken down.


Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by internalization and cleavage of the frizzled receptor to yeild a C-terminal fragment that is imported into the nucleus. The frizzled C-terminal fragment is incorporated into large ribonucleoprotein particles and stimulates their egress via nuclear budding.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-amino-4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N-methylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+.


positive regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


iota-carrageenase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose-2-sulfate in iota-carrageenans.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-L-proline + ATP + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + serotonin.


positive regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.


retinal cone cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


nocardicin-A epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isonocardicin A = nocardicin A.


methylisocitrate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = pyruvate + succinate.


cellular response to cyclopentenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.


cell migration involved in prostatic bud elongation

The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another contributing to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.


cell-substrate junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-substrate junction. A cell-substrate junction is a specialized region of connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation

The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland bud epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the bud.


positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


positive regulation of spore-bearing organ development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.


GDP-mannose mannosyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O = GDP + D-mannose + H+.


protein N-linked N-acetylgalactosaminylation via asparagine

A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylgalactosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.


fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: red chlorophyll catabolite + reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = primary fluorescent catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin. This reaction is the reduction of the C20/C1 double bond in the pyrrole system of red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC) to a colorless tetrapyrrole (pFCC) with a strong blue fluorescence.


multivesicular body membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the membranes of multivesicular bodies.


viral capsid secondary envelopment

The process in which a capsid acquires another membrane envelope, subsequent to acquiring an initial membrane envelope.


N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.


maltose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = maltose + 2 phosphate.


butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a butanoyl (CH3-[CH2]2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation.


hydroxylysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.


telomerase holoenzyme complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomerase holoenzyme complex.


regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.


Catalysis of the reaction: methylthioadenosine + H2O = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose.


peptide cross-linking via S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium

The cross-linking of a tyrosine residue to a tryptophan residue and a methionine residue to form S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium.


translocation of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.


gibberellin mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of gibberellin stimulus.


proctolin receptor activity

Combining with the neuropeptide proctolin, to initiate a change in cell activity.


tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.


An adaptive immune effector response involving T cells and B lineage cells. In the case of B lineage cells, the effector cells are the antibody secreting plasma cells whereas for T cells the effector cells may be helper T cells or cytotoxic T cells.


maintenance of pigment granule location

Any process in which a pigment granule is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = indole + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


negative regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the presence of oxygen.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'methyl thioadenosine + H2O = 5'methyl thioinosine + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + 2-oxoglutarate = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + L-glutamate.


achromobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


peptidyl-lysine crotonylation

The crotonylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Crotonyl is the univalent radical CH3-CH=CH-CO- derived from crotonic acid.


spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugates.


histidine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.


optic cup structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-aminobutanoyl-CoA + acetate.


kojic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kojic acid.


protein localization to plasma membrane of cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane of cell tip.


response to Gram-negative bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-negative bacterium.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 3-phosphate + UDP + H+.


mesonephric podocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


ds/ssDNA junction-specific dsDNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of double-stranded DNA near a double-strand/single-strand DNA junction.


bacteriocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacteriocins, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


transmembrane receptor histidine kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of a membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


alpha-ribazole biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).


L-ascorbic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.


pancreatic epsilon cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic epsilon cell. A pancreatic epsilon cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes ghrelin.


positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


beta-carotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-carotene.


delamination

The process of negative regulation of cell adhesion that results in a cell or sheet of cells splitting off from an existing epithelial sheet.


mitochondrion autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrial membrane and an autophagosome during mitophagy.


trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NAD+ = trans-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADH.


glucagon processing

The formation of mature glucagon by proteolysis of the precursor proglucagon.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-solanine + UDP-L-rhamnose = solanine + UDP.


hexose phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of hexose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Hexose phosphates is any of a group of monophosphorylated aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


negative regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + precorrin-3A.


apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA = mesaconyl-CoA + H2O.


negative regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


activation-induced B cell apoptotic process

B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.


guanosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanosine = ADP + GMP.


cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyclic-GMP-AMP from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclohexylformamide + H+ = cyclohexyl isocyanide + H2O.


positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.


histone H1R54 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H1 L-arginyl (position 54)= histone H1 L-citrullyl (position 54) + NH4+, resulting in histone H1 citrullination at position 54.


positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism.


IMP cyclohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


N-terminal peptidyl-valine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine

The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal valine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-aminobutanoyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA + NH4.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.


positive regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.


lateral root formation

The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


transitional stage B cell differentiation

The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent.


(+)-beta-chamigrene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-beta-chamigrene + diphosphoric acid.


endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.


post-embryonic medial fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


methionine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


tricyclic triterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glycerophospho group from one membrane-derived oligosaccharide to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + S-adenosylmethionine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate + 5'deoxyadenosine.


aminotriazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of amitrole from one side of a membrane to the other.


insecticide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.


cephamycin C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephamycin C.


vanillyl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + vanillyl alcohol = H2O2 + vanillin.


hexitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the presence of light.


sesquithujene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> 7-epi-sesquithujene + diphosphoric acid.


glycolate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycolate = AH(2) + glyoxylate.


tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production

The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.


glutamate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = D-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a D-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino-acid.


positive regulation of basidium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


response to isobutanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isobutanol stimulus.


codeinone reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: codeine + NADP+ = codeinone + H+ + NADPH.


fusion of virus membrane with host outer membrane

Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell outer membrane during viral entry.


deoxycytidine salvage

Any process that generates deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


glutamate-ethylamine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + ethylamine = N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


disruption by symbiont of host chloroplast

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell chloroplasts. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.


Catalysis of the reaction:acyl-CoA + glycerophosphocholine = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


metula development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of metulae over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide + methanol = H2O + Co-methyl-Co-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcob(I)amide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


acetophenone carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetophenone + CO2 = H+ + benzoyl acetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + formate + H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + licodione = 2'-O-methyllicodione + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = trans-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate + H+ + UDP.


3-formiminopyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formylpyruvate + HN3.


sperm competition

Any process that contributes to the success of sperm fertilization in multiply-mated females.


cardiac fibroblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


response to nematicide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nematicide stimulus. Nematicides are chemicals used to kill nematodes.


ITP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ITP, inosine triphosphate.


protein localization to presynapse

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse.


endopolyphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate + n H2O = (n+1) oligophosphate. The product contains 4 or 5 phosphate residues.


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + oxygen = 2,4-dichlorophenol + glyoxylate + succinate + CO2.


lung lobe formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.


Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase activity

Catalysis of the sulfurylation of the desulfo form of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), a cofactor required for the activity of some enzymes, such as aldehyde oxidase.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: choline(out) + Na+(out) = choline(in) + Na+(in).


menaquinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones that have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


peptidyl-arginine deglycation

The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from an arginine residue of a glycated protein.


Pup ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of Pup to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Pup + S = X + S-Pup, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Pup linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Pup linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


bacillithiol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.


negative regulation of pre-B cell receptor expression

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells.


positive regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.


envenomation resulting in modulation of process in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the manifestation of some change or damage to the bitten organism.


biotin-protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + protein = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-protein.


glycosulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-sulfate + H2O = D-glucose + H+ + sulfate.


D-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other.


suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + chorismate = 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate + L-glutamate. It is composed of two enzymatic activities (which may be present on one or two polypeptides); the first is a glutaminase which yields ammonia from glutamine, releasing glutamate. The ammonia is used by the second activity which catalyzes the amination of chorismate to form 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H+ + nicotinate.


gastrin receptor activity

Combining with gastrin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-propargylglycine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-propargylglycine (Pra). L-propargylglycine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria.


protein localization to axon

A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within an axon.


regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.


Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione + Glu(-Cys)(n)-Gly = Gly + Glu(-Cys)(n+1)-Gly.


cell-cell signaling via exosome

Cell-cell signaling in which the ligand is carried between cells by an exosome.


dolichol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + dolichol = CDP + dolichyl phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate + 2 H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3.


cyanuric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanuric acid, a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, and a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides, such as atrazine and simazine. It is widely used for the stabilization of available chlorine in swimming pool water and is also the starting compound for the synthesis of many organic derivatives.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + glyoxylate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate + CO2.


GTP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-DNA.


CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell as part of an immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = acetaldehyde + pyruvate.


epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart that arises from the epicardium and secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


opheline kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoethyl methyl phosphate = N'-phosphoguanidinoethyl methylphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


phenotypic switching in response to host

A reversible switch of a cell from one phenotype to another that occurs upon infection of a host or host cell. For example, Candida albicans switches from a unicellular form to an invasive multicellular filamentous form upon infection of host tissue. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.


toluene-4-sulfonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, the anion of sulfonic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.


positive regulation of male germ cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = 1,2-diacyl-3-[3-(alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminyl)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol + CMP + H+.


nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, down a concentration gradient

Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, down the concentration gradient.


response to stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages of neoagaro-oligosaccharides that are smaller than a hexamer, yielding 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose and D-galactose.


decanoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + decanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + decanoyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H2O + succinyl-CoA = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + CoA.


carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


fruit replum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit replum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit replum is a portion of fruit placenta tissue that divides a fruit into two or more chambers and develops from a replum.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor signaling pathway

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a PAMP signaling pathway in its host organism, initiated by a ligand binding of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to activate a plant innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


excitatory chemical synaptic transmission

Synaptic transmission that results in an excitatory postsynaptic potential.


mRNA 5'-phosphatase activity

A 5'-end triphospho-[mRNA] + H2O = a 5'-end diphospho-[mRNA] + H+ + phosphate.


3-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 3-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


cellular response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


regulation of beta-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexano-6-lactam = D-2-aminohexano-6-lactam.


positive regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + reduced acceptor = benzothiazole + hydrogen sulfide + oxidized acceptor.


(+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-demethylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D- and (1->6)-alpha-D- linkages in mannan, releasing D-mannose.


hemoglobin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin; especially, the proteolytic cleavage of hemoglobin to yield free heme, peptides, and amino acids.


N6-(Delta2-isopentenyl)-adenosine 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + H2O <=> N(6)-dimethylallyladenine + D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate.


cell-cell signaling by wnt

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another, medaited by a wnt family protein ligand. This process includes wnt signal transduction in the receiving cell, release of wnt ligand from a secreting cell as well as any processes that actively facilitate wnt transport and presentation to receptor on the recieving cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O + H+ = S-inosyl-L-homocysteine + NH4.


response to Thyroid stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.


snRNA (adenine-N6)-methylation

The posttranscriptional N6-methylation of an adenine residue in an snRNA molecule.


tetrose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.


negative regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

Any process that decreases blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


dorsal closure

The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine + 2 H2O = 1-nitro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-diol.


shamixanthone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shamixanthone.


leptotene

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible.


Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamaldehyde + O2 + H2O = H+ + trans-cinnamate + hydrogen peroxide.


insulin-responsive glucose:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+, in response to a stimulus by insulin. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-methyl-N-deacetylisoipecoside + H2O <=> 6-O-methyl-N-deacetylisoipecoside aglycon + beta-D-glucose.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland cord. Epithelial cells of the mammary cord give it its funnel-like shape and some are cornified.


peptidyl-histidine uridylylation

The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine) or peptidyl-3'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-UMP-histidine, pros-UMP-histidine).


regulation of basophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.


regulation of metula development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


sebaceous gland cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a sebaceous gland cell.


trigeminal nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the trigeminal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


Catalysis of the reaction: 11alpha-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 2 H2O + NADP.


Golgi distribution to daughter cells

Any process in which disassembled Golgi vesicles are localized into daughter cells upon cell division.


quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + ubiquinone = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + ubiquinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.


N6-methyl-AMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + H2O + N6-methyl-AMP = IMP + methylamine. Can also use N6-methyl-dAMP as a substrate.


terminal branching, open tracheal system

Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil + NADP+ = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + H+ + NADPH.


pyridine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + pyridine = N-methylpyridinium + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


D-arginase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arginine + H2O = D-ornithine + urea.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA = NADH + H+ + 2-methylaceto-acetyl-CoA.


negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


modulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methoxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-methoxypyrene-6,7-oxide + H2O.


sorbitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


proximal stomach smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the proximal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The proximal stomach, composed of the fundus and upper body, shows low frequency, sustained tonic contractions that are responsible for generating a basal pressure within the stomach.


anaerobic glycine catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


inferior reticular formation development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of mitotic spindle elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle.


Catalysis of the reaction: brassinolide + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> brassinolide-23-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


coronary sinus valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the coronary sinus valve is generated and organized.


mesonephric capsule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric capsule are generated and organized. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


pattern orientation

The actions or reactions of an individual in response to the orientation of a visual pattern. This is exemplified by some classes of insects which are able to detect and learn the orientation of a set of stripes and subsequently behaviorally discriminate between horizontal, vertical or 45 degree stripes.


adhesion of symbiont to host endothelial cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host endothelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic microtubule.


The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another deoxyribopyrimidine nucleoside.


serotonin-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when the biogenic amine serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


nitrite reductase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammonium hydroxide + 3 NAD+ + H2O = nitrite + 3 NADH + 3 H+.


mitochondrial double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The repair of a double-strand break in mitochondrial DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.


mitotic S phase

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled cAMP receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by extracellular cAMP binding to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


larval midgut histolysis

The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + scutellarein <=> UDP( + scutellarin + H+.


mitotic telophase

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


negative regulation of backward locomotion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion.


cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation

The attachment of one cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.


host-mediated regulation of intestinal microbiota composition

The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells such as the bacteria in the gut.


positive regulation of glomerular metanephric mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

Any process that modulates the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


toxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


beta-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of beta-glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in a beta configuration.


membrane scission GTPase motor activity

Generation of a 'twisting' activity resulting in the scission of a membrane, driven by GTP hydrolysis.


oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerate + CO2 + NAD(P)+ = NAD(P)H + H+ + 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate.


detection of muscle activity

The series of events in which a muscle activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 6beta-hydroxy-syn-pimaradiene + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + dTTP = diphosphate + dTDP-D-galactose.


mating-type M-factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with the mating-type peptide pheromone M-factor and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. M-factor is a nine-membered oligopeptide that consists of tyrosyl, threonyl, prolyl, lysyl, valyl, prolyl, tyrosyl, methionyl and methyl S-farnesylcysteinate residues joined in sequence, and is a peptide pheromone released by Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of the cellular mating type Minus.


glycerophospholipid acyltransferase (CoA-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-radyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-radyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.


rhodopsin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorophenylacetate + NADH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + chloride + NAD+.


siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-asparagine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-asparagine.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (9R,10S)-dihydroxystearate + O2 + NADPH <=> 9,10,18-trihydroxystearate + H2O + NADP.


benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + betanidin <=> H+ + gomphrenin I + UDP.


regulation of starch catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.


ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + a ceramide = CMP + a ceramide phosphoethanolamine.


adenine binding

Binding to adenine, a purine base.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + vanillate + H+.


UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose = UDP-galactose.