cargo receptor activity

Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


nucleobase-containing compound kinase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP or GTP, to a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or polynucleotide substrate.


regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels

Any process involved in the maintenance of internal levels of plasma lipoprotein particles within an organism.


fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid

Elongation of a saturated fatty acid chain.


Focal Infection

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Furuncle

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

An infection of a hair follicle that extends subcutaneously, forming an abscess.


long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.


response to host defenses

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.


positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups

Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.


protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space

The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.


portal vein thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the portal vein.


SH2 domain binding

Binding to a SH2 domain (Src homology 2) of a protein, a protein domain of about 100 amino-acid residues and belonging to the alpha + beta domain class.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


Neonatal hypoglycemia

Blood glucose concentration below the lower limit of established reference ranges in a newborn.


D-aspartate transport

The directed movement of D-aspartate, the D-enantiomer of the anion of (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


Abnormal pulse

An anomaly of the rhythmic throbbing of an artery that reflects the widening of the artery as blood flows through it and is caused by successive contractions of the heart.


amino acid salvage

Any process which produces an amino acid from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins. The COPII coat complex is formed by the Sec23p/Sec24p and the Sec13p/Sec31p heterodimers. COPII-associated vesicles transport proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus (anterograde transport).


prostatitis

An infectious or non-infectious inflammatory process affecting the prostate gland.


fungiform papilla formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a spongiform papilla from unspecified parts. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.


positive regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis.


Quinethazone

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2, 6 and 7 by ethyl, sulfamoyl and chloro groups respectively; a thiazide-like diuretic used to treat hypertension.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.


regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.


single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate

A viral genome replication where the template is single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), and which proceeds via a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) intermediate molecule. Viral genomic RNA is first reverse transcribed into dsDNA, which integrates into the host chromosomal DNA, where it is transcribed by host RNA polymerase II.


pigment granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule.


negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.


negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


cutaneous melanoma

A primary melanoma arising from atypical melanocytes in the skin. Precursor lesions include acquired and congenital melanocytic nevi, and dysplastic nevi. Several histologic variants have been recognized, including superficial spreading melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, nodular melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma.


vitreous body disorder

Any disease affecting the vitreous body of the eye.


bile

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium.


negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.


cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process

Binds to and increases the rate of proteolysis catalyzed by a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


regulation of interleukin-17 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of a methyl group to either of the unmethylated terminal nitrogen atoms (also called omega nitrogen) in peptidyl-arginine to form an omega-N-G-monomethylated arginine residue. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-Nomega-methyl-L-arginine.


establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.


regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry.


phosphoglucomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


icosanoid transport

The directed movement of icosanoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Icosanoids are unsaturated C20 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.


protein folding chaperone

Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process.


cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase.


hyaluronan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


sorbitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


transverse filament

A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex that spans the regions between the lateral elements and connects them.


aspartate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


UDP-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to an acceptor molecule.


low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Binding to a low-density lipoprotein receptor.


proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.


Elevated circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration

Increased concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood circulation.


lysophosphatidic acid receptor activity

Combining with the phospholipid derivative lysophosphatidic acid, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


negative regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.


G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding

Binding to G-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.


acute-phase response

An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.


proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Enables the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate by the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other by a rotational mechanism driven by a gradient according to the reaction: ADP + H2O + phosphate + H+(in) -> ATP + H+(out).


Punding

Punding is a stereotypical motor behavior characterized by an intense fascination with repetitive, excessive and non-goal oriented handling, and examining of objects.


positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.


histone H3-K4 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone.


regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


thyroid crisis

Acute onset of severe, life-threatening hyperthyroidism caused by a sudden release of excessive thyroid hormone.


negative regulation of stem cell population maintenance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.


steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


negative regulation of chemokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.


cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of nucleotide catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.


muscle tissue

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO].


L-proline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-proline from one side of a membrane to the other. L-proline is pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid.


Flexion contracture

A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.


positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


response to leptin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].


squamous cell carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from squamous epithelial cells. Morphologically, it is characterized by the proliferation of atypical, often pleomorphic squamous cells. Squamous cell carcinomas are graded by the degree of cellular differentiation as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Well differentiated carcinomas are usually associated with keratin production and the presence of intercellular bridges between adjacent cells. Representative examples are lung squamous cell carcinoma, skin squamous cell carcinoma, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.


protein localization to synapse

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.


FFAT motif binding

Binding to a FFAT motif, a short motif containing diphenylalanine in an acidic tract that targets proteins to the cytosolic surface of the ER and to the nuclear membrane by binding directly to members of the VAP (VAMP-associated protein) protein family.


heart valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


adult feeding behavior

Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.


peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation

The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine to form peptidyl-serine.


regulation of trophoblast cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.


regulation of amyloid-beta clearance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an epithelial cell that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


acute tonsillitis

An acute inflammation of the tonsils caused by viruses or bacteria. Signs and symptoms include fever, enlargement of the tonsils, difficulty swallowing, and enlargement of the regional lymph nodes.


core mediator complex

A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The core mediator complex has a stimulatory effect on basal transcription, and contains most of the same subdomains as the larger form of mediator complex -- a head domain comprising proteins known in Saccharomyces as Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; and a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p -- but lacks the regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan core mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.


coronary vasculature development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blood vessels of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of gastric acid secretion

Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.


retinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.


transmembrane-ephrin receptor activity

Combining with a transmembrane ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.


alveolar lamellar body membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an alveolar lamellar body, a specialized secretory organelle found in type II pneumocytes and involved in the synthesis, secretion, and reutilization of pulmonary surfactant.


cAMP response element binding

Binding to a cyclic AMP response element (CRE), a short palindrome-containing sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to cyclic AMP.


facial nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives off nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


regulation of endothelial cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.


Retrograde ejaculation

The emission of semen and seminal fluid into the bladder instead of through the penis during orgasm.


lagging strand elongation

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended in a net 3' to 5' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork.


Metaraminol

A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A  sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.


megakaryocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte.


positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.


DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing

The DNA metabolic process, occurring during lagging strand synthesis, by which RNA primers are removed from Okazaki fragments, the resulting gaps filled by DNA polymerization, and the ends ligated to form a continuous strand.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.


lysozyme activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the beta-(1->4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan.


negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.


superoxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.


parasomnia, sleepwalking type

A disorder in which a series of complex behaviors are initiated during slow-wave (non-REM) sleep and result in walking during sleep. It is a parasomnia, defined as a clinical disorder resulting in undesirable physical phenomena that occur predominantly during sleep. Parasomnias are not abnormalities of the processes responsible for sleep and wake states. Sleepwalking is more common in childhood (up to 26%), and usually resolves in adolescence; however, it can persist into adulthood (3%).


cardiac septum cell differentiation

The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum.


protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-lysyl-peptide + H2O + O2 = peptidyl-allysyl-peptide + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation

The migration of mesodermal cells during gastrulation to help establish the multilayered body plan of the organism.


purine nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.


foam cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


monoamine transport

The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


adult heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


peptide antigen binding

Binding to an antigen peptide.


subacute bacterial endocarditis

Subacute inflammation of the endocardium. Streptococcus viridans is the usual etiologic agent of subacute bacterial endocarditis. The distinction between "acute" and "subacute" endocarditis has traditionally been made based on the pathogenic organism and clinical presentation.


complement activation

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA

A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated SH2 domain-containing regulatory subunit that is a member of a family of related proteins often called p85 proteins. Through the interaction with the SH2-containing adaptor subunits, Class IA PI3K catalytic subunits are linked to tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.


metanephric glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.


sweat gland disorder

A disease involving the sweat gland.


mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane

A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.


determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the pancreas with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and the most common form of leukemia in Western countries, affecting elderly adults (mean age of 67 and 72 years) with a slight male predominance (1.7:1), and characterized by a highly variable clinical presentation that can include asymptomatic disease or non-specific B-symptoms such as unintentional weight loss, severe fatigue, fever (without evidence of infection), and night sweats as well as cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and frequent infections. Some patients can also develop autoimmune complications such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia or immune thrombocytopenia. The clinical course is extremely heterogeneous with survival ranging from a few months to several decades.


spectrin-associated cytoskeleton

The part of the cytoskeleton composed of spectrin, protein 4.1 and ankyrin. Spectrin-associated cytoskeleton is associated with the plasma membrane.


secondary lysosome

Vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome with an organelle (autosome) or with a primary phagosome.


Joint laxity

Lack of stability of a joint.


hydrops fetalis

Hydrops fetalis is a severe and challenging fetal condition usually defined as the excessive accumulation of fetal fluid within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities that manifests as edema, pleural and pericardial effusion and ascites. It is the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders. The cause may be immunologic (immune hydrops fetalis, IHF) or non immunologic (non-immune hydrops fetalis, NIHF), depending on the presence or absence of maternal antibodies against fetal red cell antigens (ABO incompatibility or rhesus (Rh) incompatibility).


lysophospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.


The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium release channels, is devoted to calcium release and is juxtaposed to transverse tubule membrane. The junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.


pemphigus

Pemphigus is a group of rare autoimmune diseases that cause blistering of the skin and mucous membranes (mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals).This conditioncan occur at any age, but often strikes people in middle or older age. Studies have shown that some populations may be at greater risk for certain types of pemphigus. For instance, people of Jewish descent and those from India, Southeast Europe, and the Middle East are at greater risk for pemphigus vulargis, while pemphigus foliaceus is more common in North America, Turkey, and South America. Pemphigus is a chronic disease which is best controlled by early diagnosis and treatment.Treatment includes steroids to reduce inflammation,drugs that suppress the immune system responseand antibiotics to treat associated infections. There are four main types of pemphigus: Pemphigus vulgaris Pemphigus foliaceus IgA pemphigus Paraneoplastic pemphigus


detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


positive regulation of natural killer cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.


peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


tube closure

Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.


regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted.


clathrin-sculpted vesicle

A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release.


hemangioma

A benign vascular lesion characterized by the formation of capillary-sized or cavernous vascular channels.


negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.


susceptibility to T cell mediated cytotoxicity

The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to T cell mediated cytotoxicity.


contractile actin filament bundle assembly

Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are loosely packed (approximately 30-60 nm apart) and arranged with opposing polarities; the loose packing allows myosin (usually myosin-II) to enter the bundle.


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation.


Spectinomycin

A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.


negative regulation of membrane tubulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.


euchromatin binding

Binding to euchromatin, a dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.


mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


fibroblast apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


positive regulation of hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.


lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidic acid to form phosphatidic acid.


post-embryonic camera-type eye development

The process occurring during the post-embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+.


cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.


FK506 binding

Binding to a 23-membered macrolide lactone FK506.


tibial nerve

The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot. Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted].


negative regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


maxilla

The bone which normally forms the lateral upper jaw in osteichthyans, including tetrapods.


positive regulation of isotype switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.


head morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.


monocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.


viral hepatitis

An acute or chronic inflammation of the liver parenchyma caused by viruses. Representative examples include hepatitis A, B, and C, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, and herpes simplex hepatitis.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have side chains with a positive charge at pH 7.3.


mineralocorticoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.


inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate.


protein O-linked fucosylation

The process of transferring a fucosyl group to a serine or threonine residues in a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.


synaptic vesicle recycling

The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. Recycling can occur following transient fusion with the presynaptic membrane (kiss and run), or via endocytosis of presynaptic membrane.


The acetylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-methionine.


ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.


night blindness

Inability to see clearly in dim light.


Facial Pain

Painful sensation in the face.


Encainide

4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on superoxide radicals as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a superoxide radical (O2- or O2.-) acts as a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


apolipoprotein receptor activity

Combining with an apolipoprotein to initiate a change in cell activity.


peptidyl-methionine modification

The modification of peptidyl-methionine.


U1 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U1, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U1 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U1 snRNA both while the U1 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


sinoatrial block

A heart block that is initiated in the sinoatrial node.


embryonic neurocranium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The neurocranium is the portion of the vertebrate skull surrounding the brain.


negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.


positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


seminiferous tubule of testis

The tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis occurs.


cyclic nucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.


orbitofrontal cortex development

The progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The orbitofrontal cortex is a cerebral cortex region located in the frontal lobe.


fatty acid derivative binding

Binding to fatty acid derivative.


negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


regulation of intracellular transport of viral material

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of egress of virus within host cell.


inositol trisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving myo-inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.


regulation of cilium assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly.


Tocainide

A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.


Dirithromycin

The hemi-aminal resulting from the condensation of the erythromycin derivative (9S)-erythromycyclamine with 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetaldehyde. As the oxazine ring containing the hemi-aminal group is unstable under both acidic and alkaline conditions, dirithromycin functions as a more lipid-soluble prodrug for (9S)-erythromycyclamine. Administered as enteric coated tablets to protect it from acid catalysed hydrolysis in the stomach, it is used to treat respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue infections caused by susceptible organisms.


axial mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


thoracic vertebra

A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue.


Burning Pain

A sensation of intensely hot or searing discomfort.


RNA uridylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1).


cell proliferation involved in kidney development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the kidney.


CHD-type complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a subunit from the CHD(Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding) family. The CHD family is characterized by two signature sequence motifs: tandem chromodomains located in the N-terminal region, and the SNF2-like ATPase domain located in the central region of the protein structure.


hedgehog receptor activity

Combining with a member of the hedgehog protein family and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


microtubule polymerization

The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.


ureteritis

An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the ureter.


spectrin

Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins.


cellular response to caffeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.


cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A small-vessel necrotizing vasculitis characterized by the association of inflammation of the vessel wall and peri- and extravascular granulomatosis.


allergic cutaneous vasculitis

Inflammation of the small vessels of the skin that is mediated by the immune system.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.


AP-3 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-3 adaptor complex. The AP-3 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B).


lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


RNA cap binding complex

A protein complex that binds to an RNA cap structure to mediate RNA processing and/or translation initiation.


endolysosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.


skeletal muscle fiber development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


lysine N-acetyltransferase activity, acting on acetyl phosphate as donor

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + L-lysine = phosphate + N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.


reading disorder

A learning disability involving difficulty reading resulting primarily from neurological factors which affect any part of the reading process.


activation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase.


sphingomyelin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + ceramide = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + sphingomyelin.


Almitrine

A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.


external carotid artery

A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP].


long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.


peptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a peptide from one side of a membrane to the other.


alpha-catenin binding

Binding to catenin complex alpha subunit.


organelle inheritance

The partitioning of organelles between daughter cells at cell division.


retina vasculature development in camera-type eye

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.


linoleic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.


S-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


nucleobase metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine.


positive regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


abscission

The controlled shedding of a body part.


positive regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis.


nail infection

An infectious process affecting the nail.


Bromhexine

A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).


triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride from a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle.


branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.


AMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = IMP + NH3.


Catalysis of the active transport of a potassium ion across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


quinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinone.


cytoplasmic exosome (RNase complex)

A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime processive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


translesion synthesis

The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide.


S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


kidney mesenchymal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population in the kidney.


regulation of secretion of lysosomal enzymes

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of secretion of lysosomal enzymes, the controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.


peptidyl-glutamic acid modification

The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid.


Hyperchloremic acidosis

Acidosis (pH less than 7.35) that develops with an increase in ionic chloride.


cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 2-acylglycerol = CoA + diacylglycerol.


four-way junction DNA binding

Binding to a DNA segment containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices.


mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit

The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.


cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


GABA-A receptor complex

A protein complex which is capable of GABA-A receptor activity. In human, it is usually composed of either two alpha, two beta and one gamma chain of the GABA-A receptor subunits or 5 chains of the GABA-A receptor subunits rho1-3 (formally known as GABA-C receptor).


Adams-Stokes syndrome

An episode of sudden and transient loss of consciousness sometimes associated with seizures. It is caused by a sudden decrease of the cardiac output that results from a sudden cardiac dysrhythmia. Typically patients develop an initial pallor, followed by facial flush during recovery.


viral RNA genome replication

The replication of a viral RNA genome.


regulation of cardiac cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification.


positive regulation of NK T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.


Subcutaneous nodule

Slightly elevated lesions on or in the skin with a diameter of over 5 mm.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by baroreceptor feedback

The neural regulation of blood pressure in which baroreceptors sense the amount of stretch occurring in vessels and respond to the input via central nervous system control.


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.


Clofibrate

The ethyl ester of clofibric acid.


positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.


regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


positive regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.


BRISC complex

A protein complex that contains the FAM175B/ABRO1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45 and MERIT40/NBA1 proteins, and specifically cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.


fibrinolysis

A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin.


npBAF complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in neural stem or progenitor cells, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, PHF10/BAF45A, ACTL6A/BAF53A genes. The npBAF complex is essential for the self-renewal/proliferative capacity of the multipotent neural stem cells.


low voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a low voltage-gated channel. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


regulation of relaxation of muscle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.


cerebellar Purkinje cell layer morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer is generated and organized. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


histone deacetylation

The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups.


microvillus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.


somatoform disorder

A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition but are not fully explained by any known medical reasons.


macrophage differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.


cyclin/CDK positive transcription elongation factor complex

A transcription elongation factor complex that facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD domain of the large subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme. Contains a cyclin and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit.


positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


cellular response to cadmium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.


type II activin receptor binding

Binding to a type II activin receptor.


carbon-sulfur lyase activity

Catalysis of the elimination of hydrogen sulfide or substituted H2S.


tRNA dihydrouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-uracil + acceptor = tRNA-dihydrouridine + reduced acceptor.


host cellular component

Any cellular component of a host cell. The host is an organism in which another organism, for instance a parasite or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle and from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection.


response to salt stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


negative regulation of monoatomic anion transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.


A heterodimeric enzyme, composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. Participates in the post-translational C-terminal modification of several small GTPases, allowing their targeting to the membrane.


proline catabolic process to glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate.


pyramidal neuron development

The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state.


behavioral fear response

An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat.


axonemal basal plate

Part of the axoneme consisting of a highly electron-dense region at the distal end of the ciliary transition zone within the axonemal lumen at which the axonemal central pair of microtubules is connected to the rest of the axonemal structure.


positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


Spermine

A polyazaalkane that is tetradecane in which the carbons at positions 1, 5, 10 and 14 are replaced by nitrogens. Spermine has broad actions on cellular metabolism.


conjunctival disorder

Any disorder of the conjunctiva.


cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA.


MRF binding

Binding to Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.


modulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


leucine transport

The directed movement of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


establishment of pigment granule localization

The directed movement of a pigment granule to a specific location.


Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate

An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The ESR is a test that measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. The ESR is a nonspecific finding. An elevation may indicate inflammation or may be caused by any condition that elevates fibrinogen.


regulation of gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA

Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


regulation of protein localization to synapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse.


regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum.


negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


viral genome replication

Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism.


Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Bleeding originating from the upper gastrointestinal tract (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach).


Abnormal bleeding

An abnormal susceptibility to bleeding, often referred to as a bleeding diathesis. A bleeding diathesis may be related to vascular, platelet and coagulation defects.


kidney vasculature development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


neutrophil homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of neutrophils such that the total number of neutrophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.


cell-cell adhesion mediator activity

The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to another cell.


regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination.


ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


peptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process

Binds to and increases the activity of a peptidase that is involved in the apoptotic process.


spindle elongation

The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.


negative regulation of myotube differentiation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


cellular response to arsenic-containing substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.


Enterocutaneous fistula

An abnormal connection (fistula) between the intra-abdominal intestinal tract and the skin.


Gadobutrol

A gadolinium coordination entity consisting of a central Gd(III) atom bound to a macrocyclic tetraamine framework. It is used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing

A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) elicit silencing of specific target genes. miRNAs are endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate protein production by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA (often mRNA) or mRNA translational repression, usually accompanied by poly-A tail shortening and subsequent degradation of the mRNA. miRNAs are present in all the animals and in plants, whereas siRNAs are present in lower animals and in plants.


nucleoid

The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


bone maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.


primitive erythrocyte differentiation

Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.


negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.


regulation of intestinal lipid absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.


diabetic ketoacidosis

The metabolic condition resulted from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the shift of acid-base status of the body toward the acid side because of loss of base or retention of acids other than carbonic acid is accompanied by the accumulation of ketone bodies in body tissues and fluids.


ruffle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. The formation of ruffles (also called membrane ruffling) is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42.


regulation of chronic inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


response to cocaine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.


Abnormal macular morphology

A structural abnormality of the macula lutea, which is an oval-shaped highly pigmented yellow spot near the center of the retina.


astral microtubule

Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.


azurophil granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an azurophil granule, a primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes that contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.


pregnancy disorder with abortive outcome

The unintentional or intentional loss of a pregnancy before 22 weeks gestation.


clathrin adaptor activity

Bringing together a cargo protein with clathrin, responsible for the formation of endocytic vesicles.


miliaria rubra

Miliaria rubraor prickly heat occurs deeper in the epidermis (outside layer of skin) and results in very itchy red papules (bumps).


arylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate.


kidney rudiment formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a kidney rudiment from unspecified parts. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


anhidrosis

Lack of sweating or the ability to sweat when provoked by the appropriate stimulus.


amino acid activation

The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.


positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.


coinfection

The simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species.


snRNA transport

The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


tyrosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


sterol import

The directed movement of a sterol into a cell or organelle. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


induction of positive chemotaxis

Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


Right bundle branch block

A conduction block of the right branch of the bundle of His. This manifests as a prolongation of the QRS complex (greater than 0.12 s) with delayed activation of the right ventricle and terminal delay on the EKG.


protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity

Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase.


rRNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an rRNA molecule.


polymyalgia rheumatica

A syndrome characterized by pain, stiffness, and tenderness of the proximal muscle groups including the shoulder, pelvic girdle and the neck. There is no muscle atrophy and muscle biopsies do not reveal pathologic changes. Additional signs and symptoms include low grade fever, fatigue and depression.


Lornoxicam

A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.


Hyperproteinemia

An increased concentration of proteins in the blood.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


protein phosphatase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein phosphatase.


Zygomycosis

Any infection due to a fungus of the Zygomycota phylum. The disease typically involves the rhino-facial-cranial area, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skin, or less commonly other organ systems. The infecting fungi have a predilection for invading vessels of the arterial system, causing embolization and subsequent necrosis of surrounding tissue.


[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] = ADP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] phosphate.


regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.


apoptotic nuclear changes

Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis.


juxtaparanode region of axon

A region of an axon near a node of Ranvier that is between the paranode and internode regions.


glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


Foreign Body Sensation

Feeling of grittiness or having something in the eye; frequently caused by a foreign body. Other possible causes include corneal abrasion, corneal ulcer, inturned eye lash or acute conjunctivitis.


vagina development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of autophagosome maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.


inner ear disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the inner ear. Causes are inner ear infections, head injuries, and neoplasms (e.g., acoustic schwannoma). Symptoms include dizziness, imbalance, nausea, and vision problems.


tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced flavin or flavoprotein and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi.


tricuspid valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the tricuspid valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


thoracic aorta

The part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest.


regulation of somatostatin secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + K+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + K+(in) + Cl-(in).


hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing N-glycosyl compounds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any N-glycosyl bond.


adrenal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells.


N-terminal protein acetyltransferase complex

A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule.


transcription factor TFIIH core complex

The 7 subunit core of TFIIH that is a part of either the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH or the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae/humans the complex is composed of: Ssl2/XPB, Tfb1/p62, Tfb2/p52, Ssl1/p44, Tfb4/p34, Tfb5/p8 and Rad3/XPD.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


biological phase

A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle.


coronary artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of coronary arteries are generated and organized. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that transport blood to the heart muscle.


Skin reaction

biolink:ClinicalAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass


establishment of mitotic spindle orientation

A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.


T cell receptor complex

A protein complex that contains a disulfide-linked heterodimer of T cell receptor (TCR) chains, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation. The TCR heterodimer is associated with the CD3 complex, which consists of the nonpolymorphic polypeptides gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and, in some cases, eta (an RNA splice variant of zeta) or Fc epsilon chains.


perturbation of host immune response

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


neuropeptide receptor binding

Binding to a neuropeptide receptor.


GTP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylhomocysteine; the L-enantiomer is formed from S-adenosylmethionine and is a strong inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation reactions. It can be cleaved to form adenosine and homocysteine.


response to thyroid hormone

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.


neural plate pattern specification

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the neural plate to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


lymphadenitis

Acute or chronic inflammation of one or more lymph nodes. It is usually caused by an infectious process.


xanthine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.


peripheral nervous system axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury.


Soft Tissue Infection

A bacterial infectious process affecting the soft tissues. A severe form caused by anaerobic or aerobic bacteria is associated with soft tissues necrosis and affects the subcutaneous adipose tissue, muscles, fascia, and the skin.


Fetal distress

An intrauterine state characterized by suboptimal values in the fetal heart rate, oxygenation of fetal blood, or other parameters indicative of compromise of the fetus. Signs of fetal distress include repetitive variable decelerations, fetal tachycardia or bradycardia, late decelerations, or low biophysical profile.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide.


cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


negative regulation of cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a specific cell fate.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.


uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases in DNA that result from the deamination of cytosine or the misincorporation of dUTP opposite an adenine.


positive regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex.


epiboly

The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells or yolk.


lamellar body membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a lamellar body. A lamellar body is a membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.


regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of absorption of cholesterol into the blood, and the exclusion of other sterols from absorption.


histone H2A ubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of one or more ubiquitin groups.


nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


lysosome localization

Any process in which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + CO2 + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of telomere capping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.


regulation of t-circle formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.


monoubiquitinated histone H2A deubiquitination

The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone H2A protein.


cellular pigment accumulation

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.


programmed DNA elimination

A process in which genomic fragments or entire chromosomes are eliminated from somatic cells or from micronuclei of ciliates. This process occurs in the developing macronucleus (anlage) of a ciliate, as well as in other species, including vertebrates and is an irreversible mechanism of gene silencing.


regulation of chromatin binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z)-octadecenoyl-[ACP] + H2O = (9Z)-octadecenoate + H+ + holo-[ACP].


negative regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.


regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

Any process that alters the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


psychogenic polydipsia

A form of primary polydipsia caused by underlying psychiatric symptoms, including those caused by psychoses and rarely by affective disorders.


exo-alpha-(2->6)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->6)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.


telomeric repeat-containing RNA binding

Binding to long non-coding RNA molecules transcribed from subtelomeric regions in most eukaryotes. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) molecules consist of subtelomeric-derived sequences and G-rich telomeric repeats.


5'-3' DNA helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


protein hydroxylation

The addition of a hydroxy group to a protein amino acid.


maintenance of blood-brain barrier

Maintaining the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier, thus ensuring specific regulated transport of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into the brain, and out of the brain into the blood circulation.


positive regulation of killing of cells of another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.


cellular response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


dorsal aorta development

The progression of the dorsal aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylic acid + hydrogen peroxide.


negative regulation of macroautophagy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.


Procyclidine

A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.


nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide.


acute stress disorder

An anxiety disorder precipitated by an experience of intense fear or horror while exposed to a traumatic (especially life-threatening) event. The disorder is characterized by dissociative symptoms; vivid recollections of the traumatic event; avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event; and a constant state of hyperarousal for no more than one month.


physiological muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.


ligand-gated sodium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


metastatic melanoma

A melanoma that has spread from its primary site to another anatomic site. Melanomas frequently metastasize to lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain.


kinesin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with kinesin, a member of a superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins that perform force-generating tasks such as organelle transport and chromosome segregation.


regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.


fatty acid elongation, unsaturated fatty acid

Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one or more C-C double bonds have been introduced.


Hemothorax

The presence of blood in the pleural space.


Catalysis of the reaction: source of phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 + other reaction products.


pre-B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pre-B cell. Pre-B cells follow the pro-B cell stage of immature B cell differentiation and undergo rearrangement of heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments.


CCR7 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR7 chemokine receptor.


central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region.


chromosome condensation

The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells.


lung carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the lung


regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.


modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ovarian cumulus expansion

Increase in size of the cumulus surrounding the oocyte including change in morphology due to proliferation and dispersion of cumulus cells.