Gravid Uterus Adjusted Maternal Body Weight Gain

The amount of maternal body weight gained over a period of time where the weight at the end of the interval is adjusted for the gravid uterus weight. This is derived by subtracting the maternal body weight adjusted for the gravid uterus from the total maternal body weight.


Advanced Angiosarcoma

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An angiosarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


anaplastic carcinoma of urethra

An undifferentiated carcinoma arising from the urethra.


Conjunctival Blue Nevus

A benign melanocytic neoplasm that arises from the conjunctiva. It is characterized by the presence of dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes in the subepithelial connective tissue. It presents as a dark brown or black, slightly elevated conjunctival lesion.


Intraoperative Endocrine Injury

Damage to an endocrine gland during a surgical procedure.


Bilateral anophthalmos of eyes

A rare congenital abnormality characterized by the complete absence of ocular tissue in both orbits.


acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in relapse

The reemergence of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia after a period of remission.


Localized Lymphoma

A lymphoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


malignant enteroglucagonoma

A glucagon-producing malignant endocrine neoplasm. It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Stage III Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: For renal pelvis only: tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or the renal parenchyma.  For ureter only: tumor invades beyond muscularis into periureteric fat.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Anal cancer recurrent

The reemergence of anal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Thoracic Meningocele

A congenital abnormality in the thoracic region of the spine in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column.


Refractory Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Reflux

An abnormal backward flow of a body fluid.


Metastatic Urethral Carcinoma

Urethral carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


FIGO Grade 2 Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma exhibiting 6-50% solid non-glandular, non-squamous growth.


Beta-2-Microglobulin Greater than 3 g/mL

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A laboratory test result indicating that beta-2-microglobulin is present in a sample at concentrations exceeding 3 g/mL.


Topoisomerase II Inhibitor-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemias arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of therapeutic agents targeting DNA-topoisomerase II. The vast majority of patients present without a preceding myelodysplastic phase. The acute myeloid leukemias are usually of the monoblastic or myelomonocytic type. Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently present and usually involve chromosome 11q23 (MLL gene).


Refractory Mucosal Melanoma

Mucosal melanoma that is resistant to treatment.


Glucokinase-Associated Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to activating mutation(s) in the gene GCK, encoding glucokinase.


Childhood Grade I Meningioma

A grade I meningioma that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIIA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T1-2, N0, M0, PSA 20 or more, Grade Group 1-4; T1: Prostate cancer with clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable. T2: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is palpable and confined within the prostate. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. Grade Group 3: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 4+3. Grade Group 4: Gleason Score 8, Gleason Pattern 4+4. (AJCC 8th ed.)


FNCLCC Sarcoma Grade 1

A sarcoma with a total score of 2 or 3 according to the FNCLCC guidelines.


Refluxing Megaureter

A megaureter that demonstrates retrograde urine flow without ureteral obstruction.


Meningothelial Hamartoma

A hamartoma characterized by the presence of collections of non-neoplastic arachnoidal cells.


transvestism

A disorder characterized by recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors in a heterosexual male involving cross-dressing.


adenocarcinoma of gallbladder with squamous metaplasia

An infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder characterized by the presence of metaplastic changes of the malignant glandular cells to squamous cells.


Hodgkin Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for Hodgkin lymphomas based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Complicated malaria

Acute malaria with signs of organ dysfunction, severe anemia (hemoglobin less than 5 g/dL or hematocrit less than 15%) and/or hyperparasitemia (greater than 5% of red blood cells infected).


Papillary transitional cell carcinoma, non-invasive

A transitional cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary growth pattern and lack of stromal invasion.


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Inverted Variant

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of secretory cells with their nuclei polarized towards the lumen of the glands.


Non-Neoplastic Conjunctival Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the conjunctiva.


Unresectable Bladder Carcinoma

Bladder carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage I Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I) or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site (IE). (from PDQ)


Stage IV Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (Any T, N1, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (Any T, Any N, M1, Any PSA, Any Gleason). cT4: Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall.  pT4: Invasion of rectum, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Diffuse Low Grade Glioma, BRAF p.V600E-Mutant

Diffuse low-grade glioma characterized by the presence of BRAF gene mutations encoding a p.V600E substitution mutation.


Pathologic Stage IIIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T0, N1b, N1c, M0); (T1a/b-T2a, N1b/c or N2b, M0); (T2b/T3a, N1a-N2b, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor (e.g., unknown primary or completely regressed melanoma). Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration.  T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N1b: One clinically detected nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1c: No regional lymph node disease. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N2b: Two or three nodal metastases at least one of which was clinically detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1a: One clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N2a: Two or three clinically occult nodal metastases (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Brain Neoplasm

The reemergence of a brain neoplasm after a period of remission.


A myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Postoperative Spindle Cell Nodule of the Vagina

A rare, benign, non-neoplastic reactive lesion that develops in the vagina at the site of a prior operative procedure. It is composed of spindle cells, small blood vessels, and chronic inflammation.


Chemical Exposure

Contact with a chemical substance through touch, inhalation, or ingestion.


Radiation-Induced Cancer

A malignant neoplasm arising in a site exposed to radiation therapy.


Vulvar Blue Nevus

A benign nevus that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of heavily pigmented dendritic melanocytes exclusively in the dermis.


Weight Change

An increase or decrease in the weight of an individual.


Non-Malignant Neoplasm

A category that includes benign neoplasms and neoplasms with uncertain malignant potential. The latter are characterized by clinicopathological features that are not benign, including some degree of mild or mild/moderate atypia/dysplasia, but lack overt malignant morphologic characteristics and there is no evidence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis.


Gonadal Thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of the vein that carries blood away from the testis or ovary.


Gastric carcinoma stage IV without metastases

T4,N2,MO (from PDQ)


Ovarian Mass

An abnormal growth in the ovary.


Therapy-Related Toxicity

The finding of bodily harm due to the poisonous effects associated with the action or administration of therapeutic agents.


Stage IIIB Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (Any pT/TX, N1-3, M0, S2); (Any pT/TX, Any N, M1a, S2). TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N1: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and less than or equal to five nodes positive, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension. N2: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or more than five nodes positive, none larger than 5 cm; or evidence of extranodal extension of tumor. N3: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. M1a: Testicular cancer with non-retroperitoneal nodal or pulmonary metastases. S2: LDH 1.5-10 x N or hCG (mlU/mL) 5,000-50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) 1,000-10,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Transplant-Related Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IA2 includes: T1a2, N0, M0. T1a2: Tumor with measured stromal invasion of more than 3.0 mm and equal or less than 5.0 mm in depth. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Duodenal fistula

An abnormal communication between the duodenum and another organ or cavity.


Stage I Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Hematologic Malignancy

The reemergence of a hematologic malignancy after a period of remission.


Stage II Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Hemoglobin Lepore Syndrome

A beta thalassemia resulting from an unequal crossover/recombination event involving portions of the delta and beta globin genes, resulting in underproduction of the abnormal delta-beta globin.


Round Cell Sarcoma with FUS-NFATC2 Gene Fusion

A group of rare round and spindle cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of FUS-NFATC2 gene fusion.


Lupus Flare

An exacerbation of the chronic disease lupus.


Palisaded encapsulated neuroma

A benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor characterized by the presence of Schwann cells, axons, and perineurial fibroblasts.  It usually arises from the skin of the head and neck or the oral mucosa.  It presents as a solitary and painless nodular mass.


Refractory Meningioma

Meningioma that is resistant to treatment.


Mental and Behavioral Signs and Symptoms

Clinical evidence of disease resulting from mental and/or behavioral dysfunction.


Staphylococcal enterocolitis

Gastroenteritis resulting from an infection with Staphylococcus aureus.


Advanced Carcinoma

Carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage II Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T0, N2b, N2c, N3b or N3c); (T1a-T3a, N2c or N3a/b/c, M0); (T3b/T4a, Any N greater than or equal to N1, M0); (T4b, N1a-N2c, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor (e.g., unknown primary or completely regressed melanoma). Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N2b: Two or three nodal metastases at least one of which was clinically detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N2c: One clinically occult nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N3b: Four or more nodal metastases, at least one of which was clinically detected, or presence of any number of matted nodes. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N3c: Two or more clinically occult nodal metastases. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N3a: Four or more clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1a: One clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1b: One clinically detected nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1c: No regional lymph node disease. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N2a: Two or three clinically occult nodal metastases (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma with YAP1-TFE3 Gene Fusion

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma characterized by a YAP1-TFE3 gene fusion. This gene fusion occurs in a subset of epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas characterized by the presence of well-formed vessels lined by epithelioid endothelial cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Patients with YAP1-TFE3 gene fusion tumors tend to be younger than those with a WWTR1-CAMTA1 gene fusion.


Neoantigen-Positive Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm characterized by the expression of antigens resulting from cancer-specific mutations (neoantigens).


Lugano Classification Stage IIE Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IIE: Contiguous extralymphatic extension from a nodal site with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Femoral Hernia with Obstruction without Mention of Gangrene

The protrusion of contents of the abdominal cavity, into the femoral canal, which results in obstruction of intestinal peristalsis, with no mention of necrosis of the herniated contents.


Refractory Ependymoma

Ependymoma that does not respond to treatment.


Bodily Pain

The sensation of acute or chronic suffering in a body region.


Stage II Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T1, N0, M0, G3, G4); IIB (T2, N0, M0, G3, G4).  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


CRP Level Greater than or Equal to 3 mg/L

A laboratory test result indicating that C-reactive protein is present in a sample at concentrations of 3 mg/L or more.


Mild Cardiac Valve Regurgitation

Evidence of mild retrograde blood flow through the valve(s) of the heart. (ACC)


Domestic Accident

An accident taking place within a home.


Stage IV Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T1/T2, N3, M0); (T3, Any N, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1).  T1: Invasive vulvar cancer confined to the vulva or perineum.  T2: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal 1/3 urethra, lower/distal 1/3 vagina, anal involvement).  T3: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to any of the following: upper/proximal 2/3 urethra, upper/proximal 2/3 vagina, bladder mucosa, rectal mucosa, or fixed to pelvic bone.  N3: Vulvar cancer with fixed or ulcerated regional lymph node metastasis.  M1: distant metastasis (including pelvic lymph node metastasis).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Upper Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left upper sternal border.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition without a Preexisting Disorder or Organ Dysfunction

Familial myeloid neoplasms associated with germline mutations without a preexisting disorder or organ dysfunction.


Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

A spectrum of disorders associated with long-term Aspergillus infection of the lung that usually occur in immunocompetent individuals with underlying respiratory disorders, and may be characterized by pulmonary fibrosis or cavitation.


Unresectable Digestive System Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastrointestinal system and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Acquired kyphosis

Kyphosis, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Cardiovascular Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the cardiovascular system.


COVID-19-Associated Nervous System Disorder

A central or peripheral nervous system disorder caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Childhood Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

A pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Congenital abnormality of respiratory system

An abnormality of the respiratory system that is present at birth or detected in the neonatal period.


Bleeding on Probing

Bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the gingival tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus.


Stage III Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: IIIA (T1-2, N2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (T3, N1, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (T4a, N0, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); IIIB (T3, N2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); IIIC (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any).  For adenocarcinoma: IIIA (T1-2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0, M0, Any G); IIIB (T3, N2, M0, Any G); IIIC (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Epididymal Papillary Cystadenoma

A cystadenoma that arises from the epididymis. It is characterized by the presence of small papillary projections in the inner surface of the cysts. It may be sporadic or associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease.


Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIB Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T3a, N0, M0). T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Acquired Phrenic Nerve Palsy

Damage to the phrenic nerve that results in paralysis of the hemidiaphragm and was not present at birth.


Circumscribed Meningeal Melanocytic Neoplasm

A circumscribed neoplasm that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes. This category includes meningeal melanocytoma, meningeal melanoma, and meningeal melanocytoma of intermediate grade.


Mycosis fungoides (Working Formulation)

A peripheral (mature) T-cell lymphoma presenting in the skin with patches/plaques and it is characterized by epidermal and dermal infiltration of small to medium-sized T-cells with cerebriform nuclei.  Patients with limited disease generally have an excellent prognosis.  In the more advanced stages, the prognosis is poor. (WHO, 2001)


First degree uterine prolapse

The uterus has descended above the hymen.


Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: III (T3, N0, M0); IIIA (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Local and/or regional spread as defined below.  T3a: Tumor invades serosa and/or adnexa (direct extension or metastasis) and/or cancer cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.  T3b Vaginal involvement (direct extension or metastasis). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic and/or para-aortic nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Human Papillomavirus-Independent Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma not associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Stage IIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIA includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor with involvement limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Post-streptococcal reactive arthritis

The occurrence of arthritis after infection with group A streptococcus. It is non-migratory, protracted in course, and poorly responsive to anti-inflammatory agents. (from Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology, 6th ed. Cassidy, Petty, Laxer, and Lindsley)


Refractory Female Reproductive System Carcinoma

Female reproductive system carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Low Grade Corneal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process with low-grade dysplastic features involving the corneal epithelium.


Intraductal papillary neoplasm with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia

An intraductal papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial atypia.


Nuclear Cataract Grade 3

A stage of nuclear sclerotic cataract marked by pronounced yellowing and sclerosis of the lens nucleus. (Modified LOCS II)


Platinum-Sensitive Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that has a documented response to platinum-based chemotherapy.


Gastric mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the stomach.


Stage IVA Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0). T4: Tumor invades mucosa of bladder or rectum, and/or extends beyond true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Benign neoplasm of lacrimal apparatus

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal gland or the lacrimal drainage system.


FIGO Stage IIC Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Lumbar myelocele

Herniation of spinal cord tissue and meninges through a defect in the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The protrusion of the tissue is flush with the level of the skin surface.


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Clear Cell Variant

Bladder clear cell variant urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Unclassifiable, Based on Defining Cytogenetic Abnormality

Myelodysplastic syndrome, unclassifiable characterized by persistent cytopenia (s) with 1 percent or fewer blasts in the blood and fewer than 5% in the bone marrow, unequivocal dysplasia in less than 10 percent of the cells in one or more myeloid lineages, and cytogenetic abnormalities considered as presumptive evidence of myelodysplastic syndrome.


Achromic nevus

A benign nevus characterized by the absence of melanin pigment in the melanocytes.


Papillary neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of papillary structures.


Childhood Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis without Risk Organ Involvement

Langerhans cell histiocytosis that occurs during childhood and does not involve the bone marrow, spleen, liver, or lung.


Esophageal adenocarcinoma stage IV

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the esophagus and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Advanced Carcinoid Tumor

A carcinoid tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Destructive Arthritis

Arthritis associated with the destruction of the cartilage and the articular surface of the bone of the joint. This process severely interferes with movement in the joint.


Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas  based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Chest Pain Along Left Midclavicular Line

The location of the chest pain is along the left midclavicular line.


Recurrent Childhood Malignant Neoplasm

The reemergence of a childhood malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant female reproductive system neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Intercalated Duct Hyperplasia

A salivary ductal proliferation resembling intercalated ducts. (WHO 2017)


Childhood Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus that develops during childhood.


Sleep-related eating disorder

Eating during sleep.


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia recurrent

The reemergence of T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma after a period of remission.


Vaginal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the lack of specific cellular differentiation.


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Costochondritis

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain associated with inflammation of one or more ribs and/or cartilages. (ACC/AHA)


Stage III Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage III includes: Any T, M1a. M1a: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm with lung metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Pathologic Stage IV Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, N2, M0, Any G); (T4b, N0-2, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1, Any G). T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cutaneous Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Neoplasm

A group of neoplasms composed of T-lymphocytes with a mature (peripheral/post-thymic) immunophenotypic profile and/or NK-cells affecting the skin.


Refractory Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


EBV-Related Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma that is caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection.


High Grade Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A pancreatic epithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of papillary and rarely flat architectural patterns with formation of cribriform patterns and luminal necrosis.  Severe dysplasia is present.


Neuroendocrine carcinoma of appendix

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Locally Advanced Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Remote Placental Infarction

A focus of necrotic placental parenchyma with marked hyalinization and fibrosis with complete absence of the necrotic chorionic villi, which is frequently more than 7 days of duration.


Pathologic Stage IIA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T2, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, GX). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G3: Poorly differentiated, undifferentiated. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIB Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T1-T4a, N2, N3, M0. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue). T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue. T4a: Extravesical tumor invades directly into prostatic stroma, uterus, vagina. N2: Multiple regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node metastasis). N3: Lymph node metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tube(s). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage I Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor confined to the vulva and/or perineum. Multifocal lesions should be designated as such. The largest lesion or the lesion with the greatest depth of invasion will be the target lesion identified to address the highest pT stage. Depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelial-stromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IV Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4b, N0, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b). T4b: Extravesical tumor invades pelvic wall, abdominal wall. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Distant metastasis limited to lymph nodes beyond the common iliacs. M1b: Non-lymph node distant metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Sharp Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that is distinct and intensely focused.


Helicobacter Pylori-Related Gastric Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastric mucosa and is caused by persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori.


Locally Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Transitional cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Chemical esophagitis

Esophagitis secondary to chemical exposure.


Endocrine disorder arising from mental factors

An endocrine disorder that is caused by abnormal mental function.


Recurrent Childhood Oligodendroglioma

The reemergence of oligodendroglioma in childhood after a period of remission.


Familial Testicular Germ Cell Tumor

Germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and is diagnosed in at least two relatives.


Stage II Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


Congenital hamartoma

A hamartomatous lesion which is present at birth.


Immune System and Related Disorders

A group of non-neoplastic and neoplastic disorders resulting from the deregulation and/or deficiency of immune system functions. It includes autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis), congenital and acquired immunodeficiency syndromes including the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and neoplasms (e.g., lymphomas and malignancies secondary to transplantation).


Cervical Adenocarcinoma Admixed with Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of a cervical adenocarcinoma variant and a neuroendocrine carcinoma component.


Phrenic Nerve Palsy Related to Birth

A condition characterized by reduced or absent movement of the ipsilateral diaphragm as a consequence of an injury to the phrenic nerve or its origin in cervical roots 3 through 5 sustained during the birthing process.


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Visual Pathway

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the visual pathway from another anatomic site.


Advanced Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma

Carcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IVA Bladder Cancer

Stage IV includes T4b, NO,MO/any T NI, MO/ any T N2 MO,/ any T N3 MO/ any T any N M1 : T4b: Tumor invades the pelvic wall, abdominal wall. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M1: Distant metastasis.


Moderately Differentiated Malignant Neoplasm

A neoplasm whose histologic characteristics are intermediate between poorly differentiated and well differentiated.


Refractory Urothelial Carcinoma

Urothelial carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Nuclear Cataract Grade 1

A stage of nuclear sclerotic cataract marked by mild yellowing and sclerosis of the lens nucleus. (Modified LOCS II)


Stage IVA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, M1b, Risk factors: low risk.  M1b: All other distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Refractory Malignant Glioma

Malignant glioma that does not respond to treatment.


Malignant Neoplasm by Grade

A term that refers to the categorization of malignant neoplasm by histologic grade.


Stage IIA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina. (FIGO 2009)


Perinatal Brain Injury

Injury to the brain of a newborn infant occurring around the time of birth.


Vascular implant infection

An infectious process originating from an implanted vascular device.


Opisthorchis viverrini Infection

An infection caused by the parasite Opisthorchis viverrini. It results from the ingestion of raw or undercooked food. The clinical features vary from mild to severe and include gastrointestinal symptoms, anorexia, weight loss, hepatomegaly, and cholangitis. Patients are at an increased risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma.


Conjunctival Lymphangioma

A lymphangioma that arises from the conjunctiva.


perinatal respiratory distress

A pathological increase in the effort and frequency or breathing movements during the perinatal period.


Castleman Disease, Plasma Cell Type

Castleman disease characterized by the presence of prominent hyalinized vessels in the germinal centers and prominent sheets of plasma cells in the interfollicular areas.


Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Sickle Cell-SS Disease

Sickle cell-SS disease exacerbated by sudden pain caused by sickled erythrocytes impeding blood flow within a vessel.


CALLA Positive Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia which is positive for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen.


Gastric Mixed Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastric mucosa and is characterized by the presence of both glandular and poorly cohesive malignant cellular components.


Liposarcoma non-metastatic

Liposarcoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Non-Neoplastic Disorder

Any disorder other than abnormal tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation.


Stage II Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading through the sphincter of Oddi into duodenal submucosa or muscularis propria, or measuring more than 1 cm. T3: Tumor invading the pancreas or peripancreatic adipose tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Advanced Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor

A midgut neuroendocrine tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Lugano Classification Stage II Bulky Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II Bulky: Stage II with disease bulk. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Increased Red Cell Mass

An indication that the portion of total blood volume occupied by erythrocytes in a sample have increased when compared to normal levels or a previous measurement.


Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations

A congenital abnormality of the arteries and veins that is located in the brain or spina cord, and which may increase the risk of bleeding, possibly resulting in impaired mental or physical function.


Spindle cell nodule

A benign, reactive lesion occurring status post instrumentation; histologic examination demonstrates a fascicular growth pattern of plump or elongated spindle cells infiltrating the wall of an organ without atypia or necrosis.


Recurrent Male Reproductive System Carcinoma

The reemergence of a carcinoma that affects the male reproductive system after a period of remission.


Nonresorbable Material Unretrieved In Body


Locally Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA2 includes: T1a2, Any N, M0. T1a2: Invasive cervical carcinoma with measured stromal invasion of more than 3.0 mm and not more than 5.0 mm, with a horizontal spread of 7.0 mm or less. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Intracranial Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the structures within the cranium.


Chest Pain in Right Third Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the third intercostal space on the right side.


Adnexitis

Inflammation of the appendages of the uterus.


Metastatic Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

An endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


Vulvar Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of vulvar carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Genitourinary Cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the genitourinary system.


Hemangioblastic Meningioma

An obsolete term referring to hemangiopericytoma of the central nervous system.


Stage IV Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, N0-1, M0; IVB: (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invading the main portal vein or hepatic artery or invading two or more extrahepatic organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastases to four or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

The reemergence of a neuroendocrine neoplasm after a period of remission.


Loss of BRG1 Protein Expression

An immunohistochemical finding indicating negative staining of tumor cells for BRG1 protein, resulting from the mutation of the SMARCA4 gene.


Obesity-Related Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that occurs in the context of obesity.


Decreased Concomitant Drug Level

A reduction in the level of a concomitant drug.


Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis and ureter cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Adult Acute Basophilic Leukemia

An acute basophilic leukemia occurring in adults.


Benign Genitourinary System Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the genitourinary system.


Factor I Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to fibrinogen (factor I) in the blood.


Stage I Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm and 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Frotteurism

A disorder characterized by recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving touching the genitals of or rubbing the genitals against a nonconsenting person.


Cyst of Skene's duct

A rare benign lesion that arises from the vagina. It is characterized by the presence of squamous epithelial and tubular structures in a fibrovascular stroma.


Radiating Chest Pain in Lower Sternum

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the lower portion of the sternum.


Renal and perinephric abscess

An abscess that is located both in the kidney and across the renal capsule into the perinephric space.


Unresectable Fallopian Tube Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Polycythemia Vera, Polycythemic Phase

Polycythemia vera characterized by the proliferation of the erythroid, granulocytic, and megakaryocytic lineages. The peripheral blood shows excess of red blood cells, neutrophilia, and thrombocytosis. The bone marrow is hypercellular for the patient's age.


Adenocarcinoma in situ in tubulovillous adenoma

A non-invasive adenocarcinoma arising from a tubulovillous adenoma.


Infectious mononucleosis-like post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder

An early post-transplant lymphoproliferative lesion characterized by immunoblastic proliferation and paracortical expansion as seen in infectious mononucleosis.  There is architectural preservation of the involved tissues.  Oligoclonal or monoclonal cellular populations have been detected in a small number of cases.  In some cases, a polymorphic or monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder may follow this early lesion.


Recurrent Myxoid Liposarcoma

The reemergence of myxoid liposarcoma after a period of remission.


Sickle Cell Trait

An individual who is heterozygous for the mutation that causes sickle cell anemia.


Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: (T1, N2, M0), (T2a/b, N1, M0), (T3, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria or submucosa.  T2a: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T2b: Tumor invades subserosa.  T3: Tumor penetrates serosa (visceral peritoneum) without invasion of adjacent structures. N1: Metastasis in 1 to 6 regional lymph nodes. Metastasis in 7 to 15 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Cystic Oncocytic Neoplasm

An oncocytoma with cystic degenerative changes.


Decreased Drug Half Life

Decreased period of time required for the concentration or amount of drug in the body to be reduced to exactly one-half of a given concentration or amount.


Sarcoma by FNCLCC Grade

Grading of sarcomas according to the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group (FNCLCC). This sarcoma grading system is based on three factors: differentiation, mitotic count, and tumor necrosis. The scores for each factor are added to determine the grade (1 to 3) for the sarcoma.


Compound nevus

A nevus composed of neoplastic melanocytes that infiltrate both the epidermis and the dermis.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage I supradiaphragmatic


Unresectable Gallbladder Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the gallbladder and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Elevated Serum CA 27-29 Tumor Antigen Levels


Intraoperative Pain

Pain occurring during a surgical operation.


Stage IIIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-4a, N1a, M0); (T1-4a, N2a, M0).  T1-4a: Non-ulcerated cutaneous melanoma of any thickness.  N1a: Cutaneous melanoma with micrometastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2a: Cutaneous melanoma with micrometastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Breast Columnar Cell Hyperplasia with Atypia

A columnar cell lesion characterized by the presence of enlarged terminal ductal lobular units with dilated acini.  The acini are lined by more than two layers of columnar epithelial cells.  Cytologic atypia is present.  Prominent apical cytoplasmic snouts and intraluminal secretions are also present.


Resectable Liposarcoma

Liposarcoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIIC Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (Any pT/TX, N1-3, M0, S3); (Any pT/TX, Any N, M1a, S3); (Any pT/TX, Any N, M1b, Any S). TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N1: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and less than or equal to five nodes positive, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension. N2: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or more than five nodes positive, none larger than 5 cm; or evidence of extranodal extension of tumor. N3: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. M1a: Testicular cancer with non-retroperitoneal nodal or pulmonary metastases. M1b: Testicular cancer with non-pulmonary visceral metastases. S3: LDH more than 10 x N or hCG (mlU/mL) more than 50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) more than 10,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The reemergence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults after a period of remission.


Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia-1

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of low grade epithelial atypia.


Primary Graft Failure After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Failure of initial engraftment of donor hematopoietic cells.


Refractory Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia

Aggressive NK-cell leukemia that is resistant to treatment.


Factor VIII Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor VIII in the blood.


Chest Pain in Sternum

The location of the chest pain is in the middle of the anterior wall of the thorax, bounded by the clavicles, above, and with the cartilages of the first seven ribs, along the sides.


Scrotal Infection

A bacterial, fungal or viral infectious process affecting the scrotum.


Tubular adenoma of breast

A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm that arises from the breast.  It is composed entirely of tubular structures that contain epithelial and myoepithelial cells.


Stage IVA Gallbladder Carcinoma

Stage IVA includes: T4, N0-1, M0. T4: Tumor invades the main portal vein or hepatic artery, or invades two or more extrahepatic organs or structures.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastases to nodes along the cystic duct, common bile duct, hepatic artery, and/or portal vein. M0: No distant metastasis.  (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Ocular surface squamous neoplasia

An umbrella term that comprises the spectrum of squamous neoplasms of the conjunctiva, ranging  from low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.


Urethritis Cystica and Glandularis

A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the urethra.  It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the urethral wall.  The cysts are lined by urothelial cells and metaplastic glandular cells.


Intraocular Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that occurs in the intraocular area.


Congenital spondylolysis of lumbosacral region

A defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch of a lumbar or sacral vertebra that is present at the time of birth.


Chronic Phase Primary Myelofibrosis

Primary myelofibrosis characterized by the presence of less than 10% blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow.


Advanced NUT Carcinoma

NUT carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Immature Granulocytic Sarcoma

A granulocytic sarcoma composed of myeloblasts and promyelocytes (WHO 2001).


Foreign body in genitourinary tract

Extraneous material located within the genital and urinary organs.


Non-Neoplastic Lacrimal System Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the lacrimal gland and/or the lacrimal drainage system.


Unresectable Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Locally Advanced Anal Carcinoma

Anal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Synchronous Nodules without Dominant Lesion(s)

A finding of multiple pulmonary nodules in which radiologic imaging shows no evidence of a dominant lesion.


Liver Dysplastic Nodule

A premalignant neoplastic nodular lesion of the liver that usually measures less than 15 mm.  It is found during microscopic examination of liver tissues, usually in cirrhotic livers.  Based on the degree of atypia, it is classified as low or high grade.


Pathologic Stage III Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: Any pT, pN1, cM0, Any H. pN1: Regional lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer

Stage I includes: I (T1, N0, M0); IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0). T1: Tumor confined to corpus uteri. T1a: Tumor limited to the endometrium or invades less than one-half of the myometrium. T1b: Tumor invades one-half or more of the myometrium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Central Nervous System Dermoid Cyst

A dermoid cyst arising in the central nervous system.


Mild Chronic Inflammation

A chronic inflammatory process characterized by the accumulation of a small number of lymphocytes and plasma cells.


Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

A pancreatic adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Laryngeal Carcinoid Tumor

A rare, well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Systemic Mastocytosis Associated with Germ Cell Tumor

A disorder characterized by systemic infiltration of internal organs by aggregates of neoplastic mast cells and the presence of a co-occurring germ cell tumor.


Stage IV Testicular Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor


Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma

An exceedingly rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the uterine corpus and ovary and displays mesonephric differentiation. Some tumors are thought to derive from mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct) remnants. Others may have a Mullerian duct lineage.


Adult Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia

An acute megakaryoblastic leukemia occurring in adults.


Treatment-sensitive HIV Infection

An infection with human immunodeficiency virus that responds to therapy.


Deep Penetrating Nevus

A distinctive melanocytic nevus characterized by a sharply demarcated, circumscribed, and usually wedge-shaped configuration, with the base toward the epidermis and the tip toward the reticular dermis and subcutis. It may simulate melanoma both clinically and histologically.


Ecchordosis physaliphora

A very rare, slow growing, usually asymptomatic hamartomatous lesion that arises from ectopic notochordal tissue.  Morphologically it is characterized by the presence of typical physaliphorous cells in a myxoid background.


neoplasm of basal ganglia

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the basal ganglia.


Hyperlactemia

Abnormally high level of lactate in the blood.


Coagulation disorder caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Cavernous Angioleiomyoma

A morphologic variant of angioleiomyoma characterized by the presence of markedly dilated vascular channels.


Peri-prosthetic Joint Infection

Infection around an implant following joint replacement.


Other Iatrogenic Immunodeficiency-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Lymphoid proliferations or lymphomas that arise in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs for autoimmune diseases or conditions other than in the post-transplant setting. (WHO 2017)


Occlusion

Obstruction or a closure of hollow organ, passageway or vessel; also the transient approximation of the edges of a natural opening; imperforation.


Clinical Course of Disease

A term that refers to the nature and/or clinical outcome of a disease (e.g., acute or chronic disease, aggressive or indolent disease, recurrent disease, etc.).


White Matter Injury

Focal areas of necrosis, with or without cysts, and diffuse areas of white matter dysmaturation with maturation arrest of the pre-oligodendroglia cells, located in the cerebral white matter.


Gastric Hodgkin's Lymphoma

An extremely rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the stomach.


Cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the cervical squamous epithelium. It is usually associated with human papillomavirus infection. It is classified as cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 2 when there is nuclear atypia in both the upper and lower epithelial layers, mitotic figures are confined to the basal two-thirds of the epithelium, and maturation is present in the upper half of the epithelium. It is classified as cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 3 when there is nuclear atypia and mitotic figures throughout the entire thickness of the epithelium, and maturation is absent or confined to the upper third of the epithelium.


Pathologic Stage II Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, GX); IIB: (T1, N1, M0, Any G); (T3, N0, M0, Any G). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G3: Poorly differentiated, undifferentiated. (AJCC 8th ed.)


A meningioma that arises within the cranial cavity and results from exposure to radiation.


Astrocytoma, IDH-Wildtype

Astrocytoma lacking mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 genes. It includes diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype and anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype.


Stage IA Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Locally Advanced Malignant Skin Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm of the skin that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Myolipoma

A benign extrauterine tumor composed of mature adipocytes and smooth muscle cells.


Glandular odontogenic cyst

A developmental odontogenic cyst with epithelial features that simulate salivary gland or glandular differentiation. (WHO 2017)


Stage IIIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: Any T, N1a, M0.  N1a: Micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


FIGO Stage IVB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Benign Thalamic Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm of the thalamus.


Nodular and Massive Retinal Gliosis

A spectrum of discrete retinal glial proliferations surrounding blood vessels, ranging in size from small nodules to massive lesions that fill the eye. (WHO 2018)


Conventional Schwannoma

A common, usually encapsulated benign nerve sheath tumor composed of well-differentiated Schwann cells.


Borderline Broad Ligament Serous Tumor

A rare non-invasive tumor that arises from the broad ligament. It is characterized by the presence of serous epithelial cell proliferation and cytological atypia.


Lymphosarcoma of spleen

An antiquated term that refers to a non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of small and medium sized lymphocytes affecting the spleen.


Metastatic Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from any part of the digestive system and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Thrombotic Disorder

A disorder in which there is pathological development of blood clots within the cardiovascular system.


Primary cutaneous acral CD8 positive T-cell lymphoma

A cutaneous T-cell lymphoma presenting as an acral (peripheral) lesion. It was originally described as originating in the ear and is usually localized to a single site. It is composed of CD8-positive neoplastic T-lymphocytes. It has an indolent clinical course.


Secondary Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma arising from a lower grade astrocytoma.


A lymphoproliferative disorder that occurs in a patient with immunodeficiency.


Recurrent Malignant Glioma

The reemergence of malignant glioma after a period of remission.


AIDS-Related Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma secondary to AIDS. An increased incidence of Hodgkin lymphomas has been observed in HIV positive patients. Most cases are morphologically classified as lymphocyte depleted or mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphomas.


Solar Radiation-Related Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm arising in an anatomic site exposed to solar radiation.


Basal cell hyperplasia

A pathologic hyperplastic process characterized by the proliferation of the cells of the epithelial layer that resemble the basal cells of the lower part of the epidermis.


PSA 50 Percent or Greater than Nadir

A finding indicating that the blood concentration of prostate specific antigen in a subject's sample has increased by 50 percent or more over the lowest value recorded for a sample from that subject.


Multilocular Thymic Cyst

A multicystic lesion that arises from the epithelial component of the thymus gland.  It is usually associated with the presence of lymphoid follicles and degenerative changes.  Although its etiology is unknown, it has been described in patients with HIV infection and in patients with nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma affecting the thymus gland.


Extra-adrenal paraganglioma, malignant

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma that metastasizes to regional or distant anatomic sites.  Common sites of metastasis include the lymph nodes, lungs, bones, and liver.


Adult Myofibroma

A rare myofibroma that occurs in adults.


Subcutaneous edema

Presence of edema in subcutaneous connective tissue.


Unresectable Abdominal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An abdominal neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


BCOR-CCNB3 Sarcoma

A group of rare primitive round cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of BCOR-CCNB3 fusion gene.


AIDS-Related Lymphoma by Working Formulation


Lugano Classification Stage II Bulky Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II Bulky: Stage II with disease bulk. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Urethra Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder affecting the urethra.


Recurrent Spindle Cell Sarcoma

The reemergence of spindle cell sarcoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities after a period of remission.


Usual Prostate Adenocarcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation

Acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland characterized by the presence of scattered neuroendocrine cells by immunohistochemistry.


Benign neoplasm of broad ligament

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the broad ligament.


Serous Endometrial Intraepithelial Carcinoma

A precursor of endometrial serous adenocarcinoma characterized by the replacement of the normal endometrial cells by malignant glandular cells that resemble the malignant cells of invasive serous adenocarcinoma. The endometrial neoplastic process is non-invasive. It may coexist with invasive endometrial adenocarcinoma or can be associated with metastases outside the uterus, in the absence of invasive endometrial carcinoma.


Arrhythmia-Induced Cardiomyopathy

A reversible cardiomyopathy presumed to result from the presence of arrhythmias, including the tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (T-CM), atrial fibrillation-induced cardiomyopathy (AF-CM), and premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy (PVC-CM).


Stage IIA Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason 7); (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 10 and less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 7); (T2b, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 7); (T2b, N0, M0, PSA X, Gleason X). T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less.  T2b: Tumor involves more than one-half of one lobe, but not both lobes.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason 7: Moderately differentiated (moderate anaplasia).  Gleason Equal or Less than 6: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Injury of prostate

Trauma to the prostate.


Refractory Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Gastrointestinal Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the gastrointestinal system.


Blood Corticotrophin Decreased

A laboratory test result which indicates decreased levels of corticotrophin in the blood.


Severe Sepsis

Clinical syndrome defined by the presence of both infection and a systemic inflammatory response that progresses to multi-organ failure.


Thoracoceloschisis

A congenital fissure of both the thoracic and abdominal walls.


In situ mantle cell neoplasia

A neoplastic lymphoid process characterized by the presence of cyclin D1 positive lymphoid cells, typically in the inner mantle zones of lymphoid tissue follicles, in cases that do not suggest the diagnosis of a mantle cell lymphoma. It is often found incidentally and has a low rate of progression.


Clinical Stage IV Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T1-4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0-2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Small cell carcinoma, fusiform cell

A neuroendocrine carcinoma composed of malignant fusiform small cells.


Recurrent Endocervical Adenocarcinoma, Usual-Type

The reemergence of endocervical adenocarcinoma, usual-type after a period of remission.


Stage III Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: For renal pelvis only: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or into the renal parenchyma. For ureter only: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into periureteric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


mucinous cystic neoplasm with moderate dysplasia

A non-invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the pancreas and is characterized by the presence of moderate dysplasia.  The neoplastic columnar mucin-producing epithelial cells form papillary projections or crypt-like invaginations. There is cellular pseudostratification and mitotic activity present.


Hindgut Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A carcinoid tumor that arises from the sigmoid colon,descending colon, or rectum.


Stage IA Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Chronic Leukemia

The reemergence of chronic leukemia after a period of remission.


Filiform Serrated Adenoma

A traditional serrated adenoma characterized by the presence of prominent villous projections of the neoplastic epithelium.


Mild epithelial dysplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the squamous, glandular, or transitional cell epithelium without evidence of invasion. It is characterized by the presence of mild epithelial dysplasia.


Non-Neoplastic Cardiovascular Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the heart and/or vessels.  Representative examples include myocardial infarction, endocarditis, arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and lymphedema.


Locally Advanced Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

A bladder urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Chronic acquired lymphedema

A condition that is caused by trauma to the lymph system, which disrupts the normal flow of lymph fluid. This is most often due to surgery that requires lymph node removal or a large amount of lymph tissue. This disruption is especially apparent if the lymph nodes under the arm and arm and around the breast are compromised due to breast cancer surgery, diagnostic dissection, mastectomy, or radiation.


Chest Pain Along Right Middle Sternal Border

The location of the chest pain is along the right middle border of the sternum.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Gene Mutations

A term referring to acute myeloid leukemias associated with gene mutations most often of the FLT3, NPM1, and CEBPA genes. These leukemias may have normal karyotypes or additional chromosomal aberrations.


Stage IV Prostate Carcinoma

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1) (Any G).  T4: Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles: bladder neck, external sphincter, rectum, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Testicular Sertoli Cell Tumor, Lipid Rich Variant

A testicular Sertoli cell tumor in which the neoplastic cells have clear and vacuolated cytoplasm due to accumulation of intracytoplasmic lipids.


Endometrial Dedifferentiated Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the endometrium and is characterized by the presence of an undifferentiated carcinomatous component and a second component of either FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrioid carcinoma.


Adult Type Granulosa Cell Tumor

A granulosa cell tumor occurring in the ovary and rarely in the testis. It is composed of granulosa cells in an often fibrothecomatous stroma. The neoplastic cells may form various patterns including the microfollicular, which is characterized by the presence of Call-Exner bodies, macrofollicular, insular, trabecular, and diffuse pattern. In females, it affects middle aged to post-menopausal women. Signs and symptoms include abdominal mass, hemoperitoneum, and ascites. Estrogenic and rarely androgenic manifestations may be present. The vast majority of cases present as stage I tumors; however, all tumors have a potential for aggressive clinical course. In males, it is reported in the age range of 16-76 years and the average age at presentation is 44 years. A minority of patients have gynecomastia. Metastases have been reported in a minority of patients.


Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma measuring more than 3 mm and not more than 5 mm in depth. (FIGO 2009)


A1 Hydronephrosis

Antenatal hydronephrosis with the following clinical findings: 1) an anterior-posterior renal pelvis diameter (APRPD) of 4 to less than 7 mm at less than 28 weeks, 2) to less than10 mm at greater than or equal to 28 weeks, and 3) may have central calyceal dilation. (Adapted from: Hiep T. Nguyen, Carol B. Benson, Bryann Bromley, Jeffrey B. Campbell, Jeanne Chow, Beverly Coleman, Christopher Cooper, Jude Crino, Kassa Darge, C.D. Anthony Herndon, Anthony O. Odibo, Michael J.G. Somers, Deborah R. Stein; Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system); Pediatric Urology; December 2014 Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 982-998)


Fourth Degree Perineal Laceration

Injury to perineum involving anal sphincter complex and internal anal sphincter and anal epithelium. (reVITALize)


Sickle Cell-SS Disease

A variant of sickle cell disease due to homozygosity of the E6V mutation, amino acid substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the sixth position of the beta chain, resulting in the production of hemoglobin S from both alleles.


Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis

An infectious disorder of newborn infants that is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response within 72 hours of life and is most commonly caused by bacteria.


Refractory Cervical Carcinoma

Cervical carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Intrahepatic Bile Duct Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A neoplastic, non-invasive lesion that affects the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of atypical epithelial cells with an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, and loss of nuclear polarity.


Idiopathic 46,XY Differences of Sex Development

Conditions affecting individuals whose karyotype is 46,XY that is characterized by atypical development of the internal or external sex structures, or the gonads, and in whom no genetic, environmental, or biochemical causation can be established.


Stage IIB Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi.  T2: Tumor invades the duodenal wall.  T3: Tumor invades the pancreas.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Islet Glucagon Cell Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the alpha cells of the pancreas.


Malignant neoplasm of urethra local

A malignant neoplasm of the urethra that has not spread to other regions.


Unresectable Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Mucosal Melanoma of the Urinary System

A malignant melanocytic neoplasm that arises from a mucosal site of the urinary system.


Exogenous Obesity

Obesity caused by caloric intake greater than caloric expenditures.


Recurrent Extracranial Malignant Solid Neoplasm

The reemergence of an extracranial malignant solid neoplasm after a period of remission.


Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

Multiple, small, round or oval, benign or malignant growths in the lung(s), which can be due to infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic processes.


Aleukemic Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cutis

Aleukemic leukemia cutis where the skin in infiltrated by lymphoblasts.


HPV16 Infection

An infection caused by human papillomavirus 16. HPV16 infection is associated with a risk for cervical cancer.


Hemangioma of conjunctiva

A hemangioma that arises from the conjunctiva.


Exertional Fatigue

Prolonged, extreme exhaustion after physical or mental effort or stress.


Refractory Gallbladder Carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Ileal Fistula

An abnormal communication between the ileum and another organ or cavity.


Vulvar Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the vulva. Representative examples include infection and fibroepithelial polyp.


External hydrocephalus

Abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the subdural space of the brain.


A Hodgkin lymphoma that develops in patients who are immunosuppressed with methotrexate.


Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

A B-or T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of a mixed-sized lymphocytic population occurring in adults.


Esophageal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Recurrent Subsequent Malignant Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant neoplasm other than the original one, after a period of remission.


Stage IVA Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma


Eye Melanocytoma

A benign neoplastic melanocytic proliferation affecting the optic disk and optic nerve or the uvea.


tubular adenoma of gallbladder

An adenoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of a tubular growth pattern.


End Organ Damage from Diabetes

Irreparable damage to multiple organs/systems which is the result of chronic complications of diabetes.  The affected organs/systems include the cardiovascular system, kidneys, eyes, nervous system, joints and feet.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the cervix and is caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4, Any N, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades bladder mucosa and/or bowel mucosa (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4).  M1: Distant metastasis (includes metastasis to abdominal lymph nodes other than para-aortic, and/or inguinal lymph nodes: excludes metastasis to vagina, pelvic serosa, or adnexa). (AJCC 6th ed.)


Oligometastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Gastric adenocarcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Stage IB Vulvar Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1ab Tumor confined to the vulva or vulva and perineum, 2cm or less in greatest dimension, and with stromal invasion greater than 1mm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of an appendiceal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to appendiceal NETs (carcinoid tumors) (NET G1 and G2, and rare well-differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC), goblet cell carcinoids, mixed adenocarcinomas, and adenocarcinomas of the appendix are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Breast Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm arising from the breast.


MGMT-Methylated Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma characterized by the presence of DNA methylation in the promoter region of the MGMT gene. It is associated with improved survival.


Stage III Skin Cancer

Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor with invasion of maxilla, mandible, orbit, or temporal bone.  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension with less than two high-risk features.  T2: Tumor size greater than 2 cm in greatest dimension or tumor of any size with two or more high-risk features.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Mental Retardation, X-linked 21/34

An X-linked recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the IL1RAPL1 gene, encoding interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1. It is characterized by intellectual disability ranging from moderate mental retardation to high-functioning autism.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with a Poorly Differentiated Carcinomatous Component

A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of a component with poorly differentiated carcinoma cells.


Stage I Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v6

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or muscle layer.  T1a: Tumor invades lamina propria.  T1b: Tumor invades muscle layer.  N0: No regional metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IV Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage IV: Disseminated (multifocal) involvement of one or more extralymphatic sites with or without associated lymph node involvement or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement with distant (nonregional) nodal involvement. (from PDQ)


Recurrent Fallopian Tube Transitional Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube transitional cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T3b, Any N, M0); (T1-3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor extends to pelvic wall and/or involves lower third of vagina, and/or causes hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney. T3b: Tumor extends to pelvic wall and/or causes hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Malignant melanoma, regressing

A skin lesion characterized by the disappearance of the melanoma cells from the primary melanoma site. The disappearance of the malignant cells is associated with fibroplasia of the papillary dermis. According to some authors, complete regression of the primary melanoma may occur in 4-8% of patients.


Lentigo simplex

The most common form of the skin disorder lentigo, characterized by a single or multiple benign, pigmented macules of unknown etiology that are present at birth or develop in early childhood.


Increased Concomitant Drug Half Life

Increased period of time required for the concentration or amount of a concomitant drug in the body to be reduced to exactly one-half of a given concentration or amount.


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis stage II subdiaphragmatic


Stage 0 Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Melanoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

A simple odontogenic cyst lined by ameloblastoma-like epithelium, which contains focal accumulations of ghost cells. (WHO 2017)


Refractory Myeloid Neoplasm

A myeloid neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IV Bladder Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes the following: T4b, N0, M0; Any T, N1, M0; Any T, N2 M0; Any T, N3 M0; Any T, Any N, M1.  T4b: Tumor invades the pelvic wall, abdominal wall.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th Ed.)


Intestinal nematode infection

An infection in the gastrointestinal tract by a nematode.


Stage IIA Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but equal to or smaller than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Treatment related secondary malignancy

The development of a malignant neoplasm in response to medical or surgical treatment, induced by the treatment itself.


Anal Extramucosal (Perianal) Adenocarcinoma

An anal adenocarcinoma arising from the lining of an anorectal fistulous tract or the anal glands.  The overlying anal mucosa does not show evidence of neoplastic changes.  It usually presents as a submucosal tumor.


Locally Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Tracheal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the trachea.


Lugano Classification Stage II Bulky Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II Bulky: Stage II with disease bulk. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Orbital Contusion

Bruising of the skin and soft tissue surrounding the eye.


Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia

Necrosis and softening of the white matter around the ventricles in the brain associated with cystic changes.


Hamartoma of Mature Cardiac Myocytes

A non-malignant, focal growth in the heart, composed of unencapsulated nodules of enlarged, hypertrophic, mature cardiac myocytes with a variable amount of collagen and fat.


Prosoposchisis

A congenital anatomic defect characterised by a facial cleft that extends from the mouth to the orbit of the eye.


Advanced Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant female reproductive system neoplasm that has spread extensively from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Sporadic Retinoblastoma

A retinoblastoma that occurs in a patient without a family history of the disease.


Malignant Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Diffuse, Lymphocytic, Poorly Differentiated


Recurrent Acute Leukemia

The reemergence of acute leukemia after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Normal Blood Test Result

A laboratory test result indicating the results of the blood test are within normal parameters for the age and population.


Intracystic papillary neoplasm with low grade intraepithelial neoplasia

An intracholecystic papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of mild epithelial atypia.


Recurrent Myeloid Neoplasm

The reemergence of a myeloid neoplasm after a period of remission.


Pansclerotic Morphea

A rare, aggressive form of morphea characterized by sclerosis of the dermis, fascia, and muscle over large parts of the body, resulting in contractures and immobility.


Endocrine Therapy-Induced Alopecia

Alopecia caused by treatment with endocrine therapy agents.


Transplant-Related Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the skin in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Right Midclavicular Line

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the right midclavicular line.


Female Non-Neoplastic Reproductive System Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the female reproductive system. Representative examples include endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometritis.


Neonatal Late-Onset Sepsis

An infectious disorder of newborn infants that is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response beyond 72 hours of life and is most commonly caused by bacteria.


Recurrent Pancreatic Cystadenocarcinoma

The reemergence of pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


lipoma of bone

A benign neoplasm which is composed of adipocytes and arises from the surface of the bone or the medullary cavity.


Prostate Myeloid Sarcoma

Myeloid sarcoma that affects the prostate gland.  It may present in association with or as a site of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.  Cases of myeloid sarcoma of the prostate gland preceding acute myeloid leukemia have also been reported.


Refractory Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Locally Advanced Gastric Carcinoma

A gastric carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Vulvar Melanocytic Neoplasm

A neoplasm that originates from melanocytes and arises from the vulva. This category includes congenital and acquired melanocytic nevus, blue nevus, dysplastic melanocytic nevus, atypical melanocytic nevus, genital type, and melanoma.


Cocaine dependence, continuous

Physical or psychological dependence on the drug cocaine which is associated with a pattern of continuous use.


Recurrent Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

The reemergence of Hodgkin lymphoma in adulthood after a period of remission.


Classical Poroma

A benign neoplasm occurring in the intraepidermal portion of the sweat gland duct.


Environment-Related Malignant Neoplasm

Cancers caused by exposure to carcinogens in the general environment


Moist Desquamation

A skin reaction characterized by sloughing of the epidermis and serous exudate.


Incidental Gallbladder Carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma that is discovered incidental to gallbladder surgery for another indication.


Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma

Esophageal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage II Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (cT1a-c, cT2a, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 10 and less than 20, Grade Group 1); (cT2b-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 1); IIB: T1-2, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 2; IIC: (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 3); (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 4). cT1a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected. cT1b: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected. cT1c: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is identified by needle biopsy found in one or both sides, but not palpable. cT2a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves one-half of one side or less. cT2b: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves more than one-half of one side but not both sides. cT2c: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves both sides. T1: Prostate cancer with clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable. T2: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is palpable and confined within the prostate. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. Grade Group 3: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 4+3. Grade Group 4: Gleason Score 8, Gleason Pattern 4+4. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm of the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic bile ducts that occurs during childhood.


Physical Examination Finding

The result of an evaluation of the body and its functions using visual inspection, palpation, percussion, or auscultation that is performed to determine the presence, absence, or degree of a condition.


Radiating Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that spreads from one anatomic location to another.


Metastatic Bladder Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Bladder large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Other

A rare type of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that does not belong in the group of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, leg type, or the group of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphomas.  It includes subtypes/entities of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (e.g. intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, T-cell/histiocyte rich lymphoma) that can involve the skin as the primary anatomic site.  Such cases, unlike their nodal counterparts, usually have an excellent prognosis.


Metastatic ocular melanoma

Ocular melanoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Cortical Cataract Grade 4

A stage of cortical cataract characterized by greater than 90% of the intrapupillary space obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


Clinical Stage IIA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T1, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Low Grade Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of low grade epithelial dysplasia.


Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the gallbladder. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


H-type congenital tracheoesophageal fistula

Congenital tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia.


Testicular Typical Seminoma

A testicular seminoma characterized by the presence of uniform round germ cells with glycogen-rich cytoplasm and large nuclei, and a lymphocytic infiltrate.


Non-Neoplastic Connective and Soft Tissue Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the connective and soft tissue.


Peritoneal Pain

Painful sensation in the peritoneum.


Neoplasm by Morphology

A classification system grouping neoplasms according to their cellular characteristics.


Bladder cancer stage IV

A carcinoma that arises from the bladder and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Bladder Melanoma

A rare melanoma that arises from the bladder mucosa.


Extranodal Lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from an anatomic site other than a lymph node.


Renal Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the kidney.


Non-Neoplastic Bladder Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the urinary bladder. Representative examples include cystitis, cystolithiasis, and urinary bladder rupture.


Ampulla of Vater Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater.  Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of intestinal-type malignant epithelial cells.


Diffuse hyperplasia

Hyperplasia characterized by the presence of a diffuse cellular infiltrate.


Chronic Cancer Pain

Chronic pain that results from cancer and/or its treatment. The mechanism for chronic cancer pain may be  inflammatory, neuropathic, ischemic, and/or mechanical in nature.


Stage IIIB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or the mesoappendix. T4: Tumor invades the visceral peritoneum, including the acellular mucin or mucinous epithelium involving the serosa of the appendix or mesoappendix, and/or directly invades adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph node measuring 0.2 mm or more) or any number of tumor deposits is present, and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Squamous cell carcinoma, microinvasive

A squamous cell carcinoma with minimal stromal invasion.


Clinical Stage III Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0-1, M0); (T4a, N0-1, M0). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IIIA Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T0-2, N1, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Enteropathic arthritis

A form of chronic arthritis that is found in some patients with inflammatory bowel disease.


Cervical Cancer by FIGO Stage 2018

A term that refers to the staging of cervical cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, 2018.


AIDS-Related Malignant Anal Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm arising from the anus and occurring in HIV-positive patients.  Representative examples include squamous cell carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.  Homosexual HIV-positive men have an increased risk of developing such malignancies in comparison to the general male population.


Refractory Malignant Endocrine Neoplasm

Malignant endocrine neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Nutritional Rickets

Rickets due to dietary deficiency of calcium, phosphate, or vitamin D.


Adenocarcinoma with metaplasia

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of metaplasia.


Testis cancer recurrent

Malignant testicular germ cell tumor reemerging after a period of remission.


Low Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the cervical squamous epithelium without evidence of invasion. It is usually associated with human papillomavirus infection. It is characterized by the presence of mild atypia in the superficial epithelial layer that may be associated with koilocytosis. Maturation is present in the upper two thirds of the epithelium. Mitotic figures are not numerous and are present in the basal third of the epithelium.


Cyclitis

Inflammation of the ciliary body.


Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia

A benign proliferation of the stromal cells in the breast.  It is classified as simple, when associated with the presence of slit-like spaces without erythrocytes and as fascicular/proliferative, when spindle cell proliferation without atypia is present.  It is often seen in breast tissue specimens as small foci associated with benign epithelial lesions.  Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia presenting as a well-circumscribed palpable mass is rare.


Unresectable Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Crushing Pain

A sense of discomfort or distress that is squeezing or excessively compressing.


Bladder Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm arising from the bladder. It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells with stippled chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mitotic activity is low and tumor necrosis is absent.


Stage I Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (cT1a-c, cT2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Grade Group 1); (pT2, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Grade Group 1). cT1a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected. cT1b: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected. cT1c: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is identified by needle biopsy found in one or both sides, but not palpable. cT2a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves one-half of one side or less. pT2: Prostate cancer which is organ confined. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Anaplastic Ependymoma

The reemergence of anaplastic ependymoma after a period of remission.


The presence of bacteria in the blood caused by an infected hemodialysis catheter.


Monoclonal Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Pancreas

A carcinoma that has spread to the pancreas from another anatomic site.


Refractory Low Grade Astrocytoma

Low grade astrocytoma that is resistant to treatment.