G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Bleeding originating in the retroperitoneal area.


endodermal cell fate commitment

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm.


purine ribonucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


Feeling despair

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regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


homoserine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.


cardiac conduction defect

The heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating resulting in death within a short time period (generally within 1 h of symptom onset).


cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Modulation of the activity of the enzyme cAMP-dependent protein kinase.


anterior commissure morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum.


tropomyosin binding

Binding to tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.


diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


negative regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


Hypopnea

Hypopnea is referring to breathing that is abnormally shallow.


negative regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes.


septin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising septin complexes and their associated proteins.


formamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.


dopamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


positive regulation of transcription by glucose

Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.


myosin light chain binding

Binding to a light chain of a myosin complex.


nucleoside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside = ADP + nucleoside monophosphate.


Asphyxia

A state of general hypoxia and hypercapnea, resulting in acidosis, which affects all tissues in the body.


positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


response to morphine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.


positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated DNA replication.


viral respiratory tract infection

A respiratory tract infection caused by a virus. Viruses represent the most common causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and include rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus.


purine ribonucleoside salvage

Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


sympathetic ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


response to alkaline pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


U2-type post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.


positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


Notch receptor processing

The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor.


cGMP binding

Binding to cGMP, the nucleotide cyclic GMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


negative regulation of gluconeogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.


regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylserine + H2O = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + fatty acid.


positive regulation of neuron migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.


Tooth Infection

An infectious process affecting a tooth.


gastric juice

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


hyaluronan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


negative regulation of T cell cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.


regulation of endocrine process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.


positive regulation of protein oxidation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oxidation.


MHC class I peptide loading complex

A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.


keratoacanthoma

A dome-shaped, rapidly growing skin lesion composed of well differentiated squamous cells. It represents a proliferation of the infundibular epithelium of the hair follicle and its morphologic distinction from a well differentiated carcinoma may be difficult or impossible. Keratoacanthomas affect males more frequently than females and the majority tend to regress spontaneously. It has been suggested that keratoacanthoma represents a distinct subtype of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.


negative regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+.


epoxygenase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.


mitochondrial DNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA.


TBP-class protein binding

Binding to a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs).


Prolonged bleeding time

Prolongation of the time taken for a standardized skin cut of fixed depth and length to stop bleeding.


IMP dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inosine 5'-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + NADH + H+.


regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.


positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.


Ethanol

A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.


Multiple congenital anomalies

The presence of multiple congenital malformations in a patient.


calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciol

Conversion of vitamin D3 from its largely inactive form (calciol, also called cholecalciferol) into a hormonally active form (calcitriol). Conversion requires 25-hydroxylation of calciol in the liver to form calcidiol, and subsequent 1,alpha-hydroxylation of calcidiol in the kidney to form calcitriol.


Pulmonary mass

A mass in the lung seen on chest imaging is defined as an opacity greater than 3 cm in diameter (without regard to contour, border, or density characteristics).


phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n) + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


observational learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.


positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.


junctional membrane complex

Complex formed in muscle cells between the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and invaginations of the plasma membrane (T-tubules).


glycerol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.


NADPH oxidation

A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.


positive regulation of B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.


slipped femoral capital epiphyses

A developmental deformity in which the metaphysis of the femur moves proximally and anteriorly away from femur head (epiphysis) at the upper growth plate. It is most common in male adolescents and is associated with a greater risk of early osteoarthritis of the hip.


Fear (Mental Process)

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = peptide-L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin, and L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. Can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the S enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + NADP+ = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of lamellipodium organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.


chorio-allantoic fusion

The cell-cell adhesion process in which the cells of the chorion fuse to the cells of the allantois.


negative regulation of cilium assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl phosphate D-mannose + protein = dolichyl phosphate + O-D-mannosylprotein.


Cardiovascular insufficiency

Circulatory insufficiency due to a decrease in the force of the cardiac contractions and/or the tone of the vascular walls.


meiotic DNA recombinase assembly

During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.


ether lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.


Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul5 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.


response to misfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.


TOLERANCE DEVELOPMENT

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Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.


Bleeding from anus

Bleeding originating from the anal area.


negative regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.


regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.


choline transport

The directed movement of choline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


endometrial carcinoma

A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium that lines the cavity of the uterine body. The vast majority of endometrial carcinomas are adenocarcinomas; squamous cell and adenosquamous carcinomas represent a minority of the cases. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most frequently seen variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Uterine bleeding is an initial clinical sign. The prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor, the depth of myometrial wall invasion, and the degree of differentiation.


adenohypophysis development

The progression of the adenohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


symmetric synapse

A synapse that lacks an electron dense postsynaptic specialization. In vertebtrates, these occur primarily on dendrite shafts and neuronal cell bodies and involve persynapses containing clusters of predominantly flattened or elongated vesicles and are typcially inhibitory.


regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region.


Cutaneous cyst

A hollow mass located in the skin that is surrounded by an epithelium-lined wall and is well demarcated from the adjacent tissue. Cysts are often said to be sac-like and may contain serous liquid or semisolid material.


vacuole fusion

Merging of two or more vacuoles, or of vacuoles and vesicles within a cell to form a single larger vacuole.


prefoldin complex

A multisubunit chaperone that is capable of delivering unfolded proteins to cytosolic chaperonin, which it acts as a cofactor for. In humans, the complex is a heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha and four PFD-beta type subunits. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it also acts in the nucleus to regulate the rate of elongation by RNA polymerase II via a direct effect on histone dynamics.


autophagy of peroxisome

The process in which peroxisomes are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing nutrient conditions.


Mre11 complex

Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.


positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


SULFASALAZINE

An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.


regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


nucleolar ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.


histone acetyltransferase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of histone acetyltransferase.


response to yeast

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species.


disseminated intravascular coagulation

A pathological process where the blood starts to coagulate throughout the whole body. This depletes the body of its platelets and coagulation factors, and there is an increased risk of hemorrhage.


protein transport into plasma membrane raft

The directed movement of a protein into a plasma membrane raft.


potassium ion binding

Binding to a potassium ion (K+).


positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage I

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


pseudolymphoma

A neoplastic process that resembles a malignant lymphoma, but has a benign course.


glycoprotein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


elastic fiber

An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain.


telomere maintenance via recombination

Any recombinational process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length.


histone H3K4 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


circadian behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


regulation of apoptotic cell clearance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.


negative regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript mediated by RNA polymerase I.


regulation of corticotropin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.


telomeric 3' overhang formation

The formation of the single stranded telomeric 3' overhang, a conserved feature that ranges in length from 12 nt in budding yeast to approximately 500 nt in humans.


Ketamine

A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.


defense response to tumor cell

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism.


Tat protein binding

Binding to Tat, a viral transactivating regulatory protein from the human immunodeficiency virus, or the equivalent protein from another virus.


intracellular monoatomic anion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic anions within a cell. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are anions consisting of exactly one atom.


negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.


sulfur amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfur amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulphur amino acids contain sulfur in the form of cystine, methionine or their derivatives.


Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.


Loss of eyelashes

This term refers to the loss of eyelashes that were previously present.


response to methylmercury

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.


translation preinitiation complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the small ribosomal subunit, a translation initiation ternary complex (i.e. an initiator tRNA, GTP, and an IF2 or eIF2 complex), and an mRNA.


ncRNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of a non-coding RNA molecule.


calcium activated galactosylceramide scrambling

The movement of a population of galactosylceramide molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) via the intermediate compound ornithine.


mitotic spindle midzone

The area in the center of the anaphase spindle consisting of microtubules, microtubule bundling factors and kinesin motors where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap in an antiparallel manner.


NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex

An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.


proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient. The resulting transmembrane electrochemical potential of H+ is used to drive a variety of (i) secondary active transport systems via H+-dependent symporters and antiporters and (ii) channel-mediated transport systems. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. V-type ATPases are found in the membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, endosomes, and lysosomes, and in the plasma membrane.


kinin cascade

A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


positive regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.


poly(A) binding

Binding to a sequence of adenylyl residues in an RNA molecule, such as the poly(A) tail, a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA.


Postoperative Hemorrhage

Bleeding occurring after completion of a surgical procedure, which may occur immediately or may be delayed, and which may or may not be wound related.


Diminished mental health

A reduction in the subjective feeling of mental well being.


Chemosis

Edema (swelling) of the bulbar conjunctiva.


neurotrophin receptor activity

Combining with a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


trigeminal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


L-methionine salvage

Any process that generates L-methionine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


regulation of phospholipid translocation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.


regulation of nervous system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system.


multi-layer follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when many layers of follicle cells surround the oocyte. There is a yolk nucleus (Balbiani's Body) near the germinal vesicle.


collagen type VI trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type VI alpha chains in alpha1(VI)alpha2(VI)alpha3(VI) trimers; type VI collagen triple helices associate to form beaded fibrils.


tetraspanin-enriched microdomain

A pre-organized unit composed either of adhesion molecules (mainly integrins and members of the Ig superfamily), signaling receptors and/or enzyme-enriched plasma membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes. Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains might be specially suited for the regulation of avidity of adhesion receptors and the compartmentalization of enzymatic activities.


metastatic carcinoma

A carcinoma which has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Foot dorsiflexor weakness

Weakness of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, that is, of the movement of the toes towards the shin. The foot dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus, and the peroneus tertius muscles.


steroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


Chapped lip

Cracking, fissuring, and peeling of the skin of the lips.


Inguinal hernia

Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.


endogenous lipid antigen binding

Binding to an endogenous cellular lipid antigen.


imidazole-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.


receptor antagonist activity

The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to decrease the ability of the receptor agonist to bind and activate the receptor.


apoptotic DNA fragmentation

The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments.


trachea cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tracheal cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


bladder neck obstruction

Blockage of the opening between the bladder and the urethra resulting in the reduction or prevention of the urine flow from the bladder into the urethra.


Moon facies

A rounded, puffy face with fat deposits in the temporal fossa and cheeks, a double chin.


Laryngeal Hemorrhage

Bleeding originating from the larynx.


plasma membrane repair

The resealing of a cell plasma membrane after cellular wounding due to, for instance, mechanical stress.


regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


histone kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone.


regulation of rRNA processing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.


establishment of spindle localization

The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell.


pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


nuclear pore complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex.


threonine-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


seborrheic keratosis

A common benign skin neoplasm usually affecting older individuals. The lesions usually are multiple and arise in the face, chest, and shoulders. They appear as black or brown, slightly elevated skin lesions.


cellular response to manganese ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.


protein localization to photoreceptor outer segment

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor outer segment.


positive regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.


negative regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.


macrocytic anemia

Anemia that is characterized by increased red blood cell volume.


serine transport

The directed movement of L-serine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Premature rupture of membranes

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a condition which occurs in pregnancy when the amniotic sac ruptures more than an hour before the onset of labor.


Liver enzymes level above reference range


positive regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroepithelial cell differentiation.


chitin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


regulation of NADP metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NADP metabolic process.


mutism

The inability to generate oral-verbal expression, despite normal comprehension of speech. This may be associated with brain diseases or mental disorders. Organic mutism may be associated with damage to the frontal lobe; brain stem; thalamus; and cerebellum. Selective mutism is a psychological condition that usually affects children characterized by continuous refusal to speak in social situations by a child who is able and willing to speak to selected persons. Kussmal aphasia refers to mutism in psychosis.


testosterone dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + NAD+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADH.


alkane 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octane + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 1-octanol + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O.


negative regulation of organic acid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of thymocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


Lopinavir

A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is amphetamine is substituted on nitrogen by a (2,6-dimethylphenoxy)acetyl group and on the carbon alpha- to nitrogen by a (1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-{[(2S)-3-methyl-2-(2-oxotetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl)butanoyl]amino}-4-phenylbutyl group. An antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class, it is used against HIV infections as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, ritonavir.


tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.


pericentric heterochromatin

Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by methylated H3 histone at lysine 9 (H3K9me2/H3K9me3).


actin polymerization-dependent cell motility

A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


extracellularly glutamate-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


neural plate regionalization

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes of the neural plate in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid + NAD+ = a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid + NADH + H+.


regulation of receptor catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.


ncRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs). Includes the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs).


Homicidal Ideation

Thinking about ending or making plans to end another's life.


stereocilium tip

A distinct compartment at the tip of a stereocilium, distal to the site of attachment to the apical cell surface. It consists of a dense matrix bridging the barbed ends of the stereocilium actin filaments with the overlying plasma membrane, is dynamic compared to the shaft, and is required for stereocilium elongation.


ribonuclease III complex

A protein complex which is capable of ribonuclease III activity.


adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.


C-C chemokine receptor activity

Combining with a C-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.


calcium-dependent protein kinase regulator activity

Modulates the activity of a calcium-dependent protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein in a calcium-dependent manner.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate.


negative regulation of calcium-mediated signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.


RNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an RNA molecule.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide.


ectoderm formation

The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation.


cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor

The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Distinct from Hodgkin lymphoma both morphologically and biologically, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is characterized by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells, can occur at any age, and usually presents as a localized or generalized lymphadenopathy associated with fever and weight loss. The clinical course varies according to the morphologic type. NHL is clinically classified as indolent, aggressive, or having a variable clinical course. NHL can be of B-or T-/NK-cell lineage.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


positive regulation of dipeptide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport.


negative regulation of interleukin-8 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.


dicarboxylic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


regulation of mucus secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


ribosomal protein import into nucleus

The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. At least some ribosomal proteins, including rpl12, uses the importin 11 pathway as a major route into the nucleus.


nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of nitric oxide synthase.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.


malonyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.


low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.


negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.


male germ-line sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a male organism's germ line.


Fungemia

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of fungi or yeasts in the blood.


perichromatin fibrils

Structures of variable diameter visible in the nucleoplasm by electron microscopy, mainly observed near the border of condensed chromatin. The fibrils are enriched in RNA, and are believed to be sites of pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylylation representing the in situ form of nascent transcripts.


purine ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by mineralocorticoid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


regulation of prostaglandin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.


negative regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


guanylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GMP = ADP + GDP.


meiotic cohesin complex

A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex.


DNA-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA molecule.


regulation of necroptotic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


Bambuterol

A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.


neuroma

A tumor that grows from a nerve or is composed of nerve cells and nerve fibers.


regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


glial cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


brain morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + protein = UDP + 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein.


troponin T binding

Binding to troponin T, the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex.


regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


hypotonic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


ketone body biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Biosynthesis involves the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, which is cleaved to acetate and acetyl-CoA.


Abnormal urinary color

An abnormal color of the urine, that is, the color of the urine appears different from the usual straw-yellow color.


Catalysis of the reaction: a branched-chain amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + a 2-oxocarboxylate derived from the branched-chain amino acid.


hypoxanthine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


L-serine transport

The directed movement of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


interstitial matrix

A type of extracellular matrix found in interstitial connective tissue, characterized by the presence of fibronectins, proteoglycans, and types I, III, V, VI, VII and XII collagens.


plasminogen activation

The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.


TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding

Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIID complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.


vitellogenesis

The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition.


regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.


fructokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate.


hypophysis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


TAP complex

A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.


extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


Device capturing issue

biolink:Phenomenon biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


neural plate anterior/posterior regionalization

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate.


DNA ligation involved in DNA repair

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA repair.


U1 snRNA binding

Binding to a U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA).


MAP kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases.


paranasal sinus disorder

A disease involving the paranasal sinus.


ATPase dependent transmembrane transport complex

A transmembrane protein complex that functions in ATPase dependent active transport across a membrane.


negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


Disturbed sensory perception

Alteration or impairment in the processing or interpretation of sensory information can lead to abnormal perceptions or experiences.


Stress Fractures

A small, traumatic break or severe bruising of a bone caused by repetitive application of force.


postsynaptic density organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.


dendrite extension

Long distance growth of a single dendrite involved in cellular development.


anatomical structure arrangement

The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


release of cytochrome c from mitochondria

The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation.


protein-transporting ATPase activity

Primary active carrier-mediated transport of a protein across a membrane, driven by the hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond of inorganic pyrophosphate, ATP, or another nucleoside triphosphate. The transport protein may or may not be transiently phosphorylated, but the substrate is not phosphorylated.


biliary system

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree).


eyelid development in camera-type eye

The progression of the eyelid in a camera-type eye from its formation to the mature state. The eyelid is a membranous cover that helps protect and lubricate the eye.


lymph node development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lymph nodes over time, from their formation to the mature structure. A lymph node is a round, oval, or bean shaped structure localized in clusters along the lymphatic vessels, with a distinct internal structure including specialized vasculature and B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


establishment of mitochondrion localization

The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location.


poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus

The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


eosinophil activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


NADP-retinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol + NADP+ = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H+.


renal tubular acidosis

A group of genetic disorders of the kidney tubules characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Defective renal acidification of urine (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as hypokalemia, hypercalcinuria with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, and rickets.


transcription initiation at RNA polymerase I promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase I gene promoter. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


regulation of response to drug

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.


renal filtration

A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system.


aromatic amino acid transport

The directed movement of aromatic amino acids, amino acids with aromatic ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


fever generation

The heat generation process that results in a rise in body temperature above the normal, often as a response to infection.


chronic conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis that is persistent and long-standing.


primary amino compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary amino compound.


negative regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


Arterial insufficiency

A condition in which there is inadequate blood flow through an artery.


small-subunit processome

A large ribonucleoprotein complex that is an early preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 80S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.


telencephalon glial cell migration

The orderly movement of glial cells through the telencephalon.


myelin sheath adaxonal region

The region of the myelin sheath nearest to the axon.


positive regulation of actin nucleation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.


regulation of growth rate

Any process that modulates the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.


protein secretion by platelet

The regulated release of proteins by a platelet or group of platelets.


extracellular regulation of signal transduction

Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region.


type B pancreatic cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


Respiratory insufficiency

Impairment of gas exchange within the lungs secondary to a disease process, neoplasm, or trauma, possibly resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, but not requiring intubation or mechanical ventilation. Patients are normally managed with pharmaceutical therapy, supplemental oxygen, or both.


positive regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


collateral sprouting

The process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.


dense body

An electron dense body which may contain granules.


periarthritis

Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)


central nervous system myelination

The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


regulation of receptor localization to synapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.


cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


death domain binding

Binding to a death domain of a protein. The death domain (DD) is a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices. DD bind each other forming oligomers. Some DD-containing proteins are involved in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation through their activation of caspases and NF-kappaB.


SUMO ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO to a substrate protein via the reaction X-SUMO + S = X + S-SUMO, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-SUMO linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-SUMO linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication.


embryonic nail plate morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of a nail plate are generated and organized. The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin, and serves to protect the tips of digits.


Tumor Pain

A painful sensation caused by the tumor growth.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylinositol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylinositol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3.


alveolar lamellar body

A specialized secretory organelle found in type II pneumocytes and involved in the synthesis, secretion, and reutilization of pulmonary surfactant.


metanephric renal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.


mammary gland lobule development

The progression of the mammary gland lobule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mammary gland lobule is a small rounded projection of the mammary gland.


membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


dimethylargininase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine + H2O = dimethylamine + L-citrulline.


iris

The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye.


pyrimidine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of mismatched pyrimidine bases in DNA. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove pyrimidines present in mismatches by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.


purine nucleobase transport

The directed movement of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


receptor recycling

The process that results in the return of receptor molecules to an active state and an active cellular location after they have been stimulated by a ligand. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a signal.


male infertility

The inability of the male to effect fertilization of an ovum after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.


adrenocortical insufficiency

An endocrine or hormonal disorder that occurs when the adrenal cortex does not produce enough of the hormone cortisol and in some cases, the hormone aldosterone. It may be due to a disorder of the adrenal cortex (Addison's disease or primary adrenal insufficiency) or to inadequate secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland (secondary adrenal insufficiency).


zygomatic arch

The bony arch in vertebrates that extends along the side or front of the skull beneath the eye socket and is formed by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.


response to selenium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.


voluntary musculoskeletal movement

The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system that can be controlled at will.


colostrum

The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates.


negative regulation of triglyceride metabolic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


Bowen disease of the skin

A form of squamous cell carcinoma in situ. It is a distinct clinicopathological entity and arises from the skin or the mucocutaneous junction. It affects predominantly white males in their 6-8th decades of life. Exposed and non-exposed skin sites are equally affected. UV damage and ingestion of inorganic arsenic may play a role in the development of the disease. On the skin surface, it presents as a single or multiple erythematous, scaly, keratotic patches or plaques. The clinical entity of erythroplasia of Queyrat is regarded as Bowen disease of the penis and it presents as an asymptomatic, red, circumscribed plaque. Morphologically, Bowen disease is characterized by the presence of hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, dyskeratosis, and acanthosis. The keratotic squamous cells are atypical and display hyperchromatism and abnormal mitotic figures. The dermoepidermal basement membrane is intact. Complete surgical removal of the lesion may be curative.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.


rhombomere 5 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 5 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


positive regulation of interleukin-13 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.


hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a high-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.


negative regulation of heart rate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


acquired Fanconi syndrome

Fanconi Syndrome caused by exposure to noxious agents.


regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.


Guillain-Barre syndrome

A spectrum of rare post-infectious neuropathies that usually occur in otherwise healthy patients. GBS is clinically heterogeneous and encompasses acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) and some other regional variants.


Upper airway obstruction

Increased resistance to the passage of air in the upper airway.


positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of protein heterodimerization activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.


positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.


crossover junction DNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at a junction such as a reciprocal single-stranded crossover between two homologous DNA duplexes (Holliday junction).


type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Binding to a type II transforming growth factor beta receptor.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


negative regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process.


pia mater

The innermost layer of the leptomeninges, consisting of a delicate membrane closely covering the surface of the brain and spinal cord,and lying under the arachnoid membrane. The pia, unlike the arachnoid, extends into the sulci in gyrencephalic animals.


immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells

The process of transporting immunoglobulin, via transcytosis, from one side of an epithelial cell to the other.


Yohimbine

An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.


opsonin receptor activity

Combining with an opsonin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamate is the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


Gangrene

A serious and potentially life-threatening condition that arises when a considerable mass of body tissue dies (necrosis).


actinic keratosis

A precancerous lesion of the skin composed of atypical keratinocytes. It is characterized by the presence of thick, scaly patches of skin. Several histologic variants have been described, including atrophic, acantholytic, and hyperkeratotic variants.


cell fate commitment involved in pattern specification

The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells within a field of cells that will exhibit a certain pattern of differentiation. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a developmental field resulting in specification of a cell type. Those signals are then interpreted in a cell-autonomous manner resulting in the determination of the cell type.


aldehyde catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.


negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


insulin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving insulin.


retinol binding

Binding to retinol, vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. Retinol is an intermediate in the vision cycle and it also plays a role in growth and differentiation.


interleukin-8 production

The appearance of interleukin-8 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pyrimidine nucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


tRNA-type intron splice site recognition and cleavage

RNA processing that begins when the tertiary structure of a tRNA type intron is recognized, and ends when the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA at both the 5' and 3' splice sites occurs.


arachnoiditis

Arachnoiditis (ARC) is a chronic inflammation of the arachnoid layer of the meninges, of which adhesive arachnoiditis is the most severe form, characterized by debilitating, intractable neurogenic back and limb pain and a range of other neurological problems.


colon carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the colon


fungiform papilla development

The progression of the fungiform papilla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.


melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


porphyrin-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.


CAAX-box protein maturation

A series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins. CAAX box proteins are eukaryotic proteins that contain a CAAX motif where the C is a cysteine, the two A residues are aliphatic amino acids and the X can be one of several amino acids. The CAAX-box proteins undergo three sequential, enzymatic, post-translational modifications essential to their targeting: First, the proteins are prenylated by one of two prenyltransferases called farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Prenylation results in the covalent attachment of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid groups to the cysteine in the CAAX box motif. Prenylation is followed by proteolytic removal of the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX). Finally, the newly exposed carboxylate group of the isoprenylcysteine is methylated by an ER-associated prenyl-dependent carboxylmethyltransferase.


endothelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.


Hepatosplenomegaly

Simultaneous enlargement of the liver and spleen.


A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of inflexibility, extreme orderliness, and perfectionism which interfere with efficiency and which may manifest in many different contexts, including work and leisure activities, financial matters, and issues of morality or ethics.


Edema of the upper limbs

An abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin of the arms.


alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde + NADPH + H+.


hemoglobin complex

An iron-containing, oxygen carrying complex. In vertebrates it is made up of two pairs of associated globin polypeptide chains, each chain carrying a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group.


tongue neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the tongue.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland.


cellular response to alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


synaptonemal complex assembly

The cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or a related compound.


DEAD/H-box RNA helicase binding

Binding to a DEAD/H-box RNA helicase.


C-terminal protein deglutamylation

The removal of a C-terminal, gene-encoded glutamate residue from a protein.


regulation of glomerulus development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.


trochlear nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


eosinophil mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by an eosinophil.


volume-sensitive anion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic anion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.


collagen type IV trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes.


type II interferon production

The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.


serine binding

Binding to 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


heart trabecula formation

The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.


extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity

A component of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


response to mycophenolic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.


regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


cellular response to hyperoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.


negative regulation of nervous system process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.


POZ domain binding

Binding to a POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain of a protein, a protein-protein interaction domain found in many transcription factors.


positive regulation of ovulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.


interchromatin granule

A class of nuclear body measuring 20-25 nm in diameter and distributed throughout the interchromatin space, linked together by thin fibrils. They are believed to be storage centers for various snRNAs, snRNPs, serine/arginine-rich proteins and RNA polymerase II. A typical mammalian cell contains 25-50 clusters of interchromatin granules. Interchromatin granule clusters do not contain the heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).


pancreatic juice secretion

The regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine. Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach.


amino-acid betaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes.


host cell

A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.


adaptation of signaling pathway

The regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.


protoporphyrinogen IX metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving protoporphyrinogen IX, the specific substrate for the enzyme ferrochelatase, which catalyzes the insertion of iron to form protoheme. It is probably also the substrate for chlorophyll formation.


Dysphoria

A state of feeling very unhappy, uneasy, or dissatisfied.


negative regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.


protein localization to chromatin

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.


regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


nephrogenic mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephrogenic mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.


rRNA (uridine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyluridine.


regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.


integrin alphav-beta3 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta3 subunit.


regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


striated muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in striated muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


macrophage chemotaxis

The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


Growth delay

A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, with a flavin as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.


Rectal abscess

A collection of pus in the area of the rectum.


glycine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + N-acylglycine.


dephospho-CoA kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-dephospho-CoA + ATP = ADP + CoA + 2 H+.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


cellular response to ATP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.


negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.


secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the secondary active transfer of sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is the transfer of a solute across a membrane, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


positive regulation of miRNA transcription

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription.


establishment of lymphocyte polarity

The directed orientation of lymphocyte signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with an appropriate activating cell.


podocyte cell migration

The orderly movement of a podocyte from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. A podocyte is a specialized kidney epithelial cell.


endothelial cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


cellular response to interleukin-2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.


regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric.


Wound dehiscence

Splitting of the sutured margins of a surgical wound. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, obesity, and advanced age.


negative regulation of protein localization to cell periphery

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.


establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


prostanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.


growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with growth hormone-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


structural constituent of nuclear pore

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the nuclear pore complex, a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that allows the transfer of macromolecules.


copper chaperone activity

Directly binding to and delivering copper ions to a target protein.


DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


protein localization to endosome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endosome.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles takes place, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes. This occurs during meiosis.


negative regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.


actin filament bundle assembly

The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.


positive regulation of glycolytic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.


hyperphosphatemia

Abnormally high level of phosphate in the blood.


network-forming collagen trimer

A collagen trimer that forms networks.


MutSbeta complex

A heterodimer involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH3.


negative regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.


phospholipase A2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + a fatty acid. This reaction removes the fatty acid attached to the sn2-position. Substrates include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, choline plasmalogen and phosphatides.


activation of protein kinase A activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase A.


transcription factor TFTC complex

A protein complex that does not contain either a TATA-binding protein (TBP) or a TBP-like factor, but is composed of several TAFIIs and other proteins, including a histone acetyltransferase. This complex is able to nucleate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, can mediate transcriptional activation, and has histone acetyltransferase activity.