positive regulation of cell migration in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: a (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = a (2E)-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O.


olfactory sociosexual communication

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The use of external chemical cues called pheromones to send social and sexual information between members of the same species, leading to specific behavioral responses. Pheromones may be detected by two olfactory sensory circuits, the main olfactory pathway and the vomeronasal system.


guanyl deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a guanyl deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


pheromone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


endocardial cushion cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endocardial cushion cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


histone H4-K20 dimethylation

The modification of histone H4 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.


glucuronoxylan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucuronoxylan.


catechol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-dopa + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 L-dopaquinone. This reaction catalyzes exclusively the oxidation of catechols (i.e., o-diphenols) to the corresponding o-quinones.


lysine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H+ = cadaverine + CO2.


glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + NAD+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADH.


meiotic metaphase II

The cell cycle phase, following prophase II, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis II.


protein maturation by [2Fe-2S] cluster transfer

The transfer of an assembled [2Fe-2S] cluster from a scaffold protein to an acceptor protein that contributes to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


phloretin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phloretin = H+ + phloretate + phloroglucinol.


negative regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


monocyte migration into blood stream

The movement of a monocyte from the bone marrow to the blood stream.


inorganic triphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + inorganic triphosphate = diphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanal oxime + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylpropanal O-methyloxime + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyvalerate + NAD+ = 5-oxovalerate + NADH.


Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to a galactoside acceptor molecule, usually an N-glycan, to form an alpha(1,6)-fucosylated galactoside.


negative regulation of ferroptosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.


dTDP-galactose 6-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-D-galactose + 2 NADP+ + H2O = dTDP-D-galacturonate + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.


mitotic G2 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by mitosis.


appressorium maturation

The process in which specialized features of the symbiont appressorium are acquired post initiation, to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose + 2-oxoglutarate = UDP-beta-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + L-glutamate.


glutamin-(asparagin-)ase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-glutamine = NH3 + L-glutamate; and H2O + L-asparagine = NH3 + L-aspartate.


Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + sugar(out) = protein cysteine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


N-terminal protein palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.


S-adenosylmethionine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


negative regulation of leucine import in response to ammonium ion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.


cytoplasmic alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase involved in cytoplasmic translation.


pinocembrin 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinocembrin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone + NADP + H2O.


regulation of RNA import into nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


enterobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking repair

The removal of covalent cross-link between DNA and a protein.


(S)-mandelate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + acceptor = 2-oxo-2-phenylacetate + reduced acceptor.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by neurotransmitter

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.


bacteriocin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a bacteriocin from one side of a membrane to the other.


excinuclease ABC activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid at sites flanking regions of damaged DNA to which the Uvr ABC excinuclease complexes bind.


deoxyguanosine salvage

Any process that generates deoxyguanosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


L-amino-acid alpha-ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an L-amino acid + an L-amino acid = ADP + phosphate + L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + succinate semialdehyde.


histamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + H2O + O2 = imidazole-4-acetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


gramicidin S metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gramicidin S.


female pronucleus assembly

Assembly of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg.


structural constituent of pupal chitin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a pupa. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + H+.


oenocyte delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which an oenocyte splits off of an existing epithelial sheet.


phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NAD+ + phenylglyoxylate = benzoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.


establishment of planar polarity involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.


glutamine catabolic process to fumarate, using glutaminase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into fumarate, beginning with conversion of glutamine into glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminase (EC:3.5.1.2).


methionine catabolic process via 2-oxobutanoate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine, via the intermediate 2-oxobutanoate.


acyl-lysine deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acyl-L-lysine = L-lysine + a carboxylate.


positive regulation of epithelial tube formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate.


prepupal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prepupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prepupal stage is a life stage interposed between the larval and the pupal stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis. The start of the pre-pupal stage is marked by pupariation, and the end is marked by pupation.


leucoanthocyanidin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids.


fluoride transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fluoride from one side of a membrane to the other.


urethra epithelium development

The progression of the urethra epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epithelium is the tubular, planar layer of cells through which the urine passes.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate = N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.


anion binding

Binding to an anion, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge.


RNA adenosine-uridine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an adenosine-uridine dinucleotide.


corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


modulation by virus of host cell division

Any process where an infecting virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of its host's cell into daughter cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = CoA + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate.


4-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 4-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies.


ribitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL19 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


regulation of pronephros size

Any process that modulates the size of a pronephric kidney.


aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aralkylamine + H2O + 2 oxidized [azurin] = an aromatic aldehyde + 2 H+ + NH4+ + 2 reduced [azurin].


progesterone 5beta- reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + progesterone + NADPH <=> 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione + NADP.


positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


negative regulation of aconitate hydratase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.


orcinol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: orcinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3-methoxy-5-hydroxytoluene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.


Catalysis of the reaction: heparosan-N-sulfate D-glucuronate = heparosan-N-sulfate L-iduronate.


pyruvate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of pyruvate to acetylphosphate.


negative regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.


aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any aspartic-type endopeptidase activity that is involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


ornithine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


D-ribose 5-phosphate:D-fructose 6-phosphate transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 6-phosphate + D-ribose 5-phosphate <=> D-glycero-D-altro-octulose 8-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


histone H4K16 propionyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + propionyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + histone H3 N6-propionyl-L-lysyl (position 16).


emboliform nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the emboliform nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,5 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swimming motility

Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.


ionocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an ionocyte. Ionocytes are specialized epithelial cells that contribute to osmotic homeostasis.


structural constituent of peritrophic membrane

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the peritrophic membrane, a tubular sheath of cuticle that shields the epithelial cells of the midgut from the gut contents. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylsilanetriol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2 H2O + formylsilanetriol.


neurogenesis

Generation of cells within the nervous system.


bisphenol A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bisphenol A, 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, a synthetic, aromatic organic compound used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and in the manufacture of epoxy resins.


Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP + 2 H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a thyroid hormone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + acyl-CoA = L-phosphatidate + CoA.


positive regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminate + CoA.


catechol dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = a muconate.


endonucleolytic cleaveage between LSU-rRNA and 4.5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


histone reader activity

A chromatin adaptor that recognizes specific forms of histones, either modified by a post-translational modification, or the unmodified form. Histone readers have roles in many processes, including in centromere function or in modulating the accessibility of cis-regulatory regions to the transcription machinery.


UDP-glucose-glycoprotein glucose phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein D-mannose + UDP-D-glucose = glycoprotein 6-(D-glucose-1-phospho)-D-mannose + UMP.


pyrogallol hydroxytransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene + 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene = 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene + 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene.


peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The modification of protein tyrosine to L-2',4',5'-topaquinone, characteristic of the active site of copper amine oxidases.


linuron hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linuron + H2O <=> N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine + carbon dioxide + 3,4-dichloroaniline.


amine-lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of amines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amine as a substrate.


phosphoribokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


class III/IV DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of an AP site 3' and 5' of the baseless site, generating a 3'-phosphate and a 5'-OH.


homogalacturonan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogalacturonan, a pectidic polymer, characterized by a backbone of 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


regulation protein catabolic process at postsynapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the postsynapse.


juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels.


NMN nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nicotinamide mononucleotide = D-ribose 5-phosphate + H+ + nicotinamide.


heart rudiment formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment.


phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.


catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a nucleic acid.


homocarnosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid + L-histidine + ATP = H+ + homocarnosine + ADP + hydrogenphosphate.


endothelial to hematopoietic transition

The generation of hematopoietic stem cells from hemogenic endothelial cells by a process that includes tight-junction dissolution and loss of cell polarity followed by delamination from the endothelium.


vitamin B6 binding

Binding to a vitamin B6 compound: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, or the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


uridine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + uridine = ribofuranose + uracil.


determination of stimulus location

The determination of where on the body surface, within the body or in the environment a stimulus originates.


negative regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


chemoattraction of axon

The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.


phenylmercury acetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.


homomethionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.


flaviolin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: flaviolin-2-olate + NADH + H+ + O2 <=> mompain + NAD + H2O.


regulation of spindle elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


lutein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lutein.


bilirubin secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


negative regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


pyridoxal kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyridoxal = ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.


dTTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTMP + H+ + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the cleavage of a beta-(1->4) bond in the backbone of a xyloglucan and transfers the xyloglucanyl segment on to O-4 of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue of an acceptor, which can be a xyloglucan or an oligosaccharide of xyloglucan.


threonine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


dAMP salvage

Any process which produces a dAMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


glucomannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-glucose as single side-units.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclooctat-9-en-5,7-diol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> cyclooctatin + H2O + NADP.


phosphoglucokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


formation of plant organ boundary

The regionalization process that specifies plant organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


ATP:coenzyme F420 adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-A + diphosphate.


UDP-glucuronate 5'-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-L-iduronate.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


gibberellin A25,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A25 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A13 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


spermatocyte division

The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids.


positive regulation of macrophage tolerance induction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.


histone H2AS121 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-serine (position 121) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphoserine (position 121) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 121 of histone H2A.


amino acid adenylylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase

Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.


ureter epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell in the urothelium. The urothelium is the epithelial tube of the ureter.


regulation of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission.


cellular response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory epinephrine-norepinephrine

The process in which epinephrine-norepinephrine modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane involved in mitochondrial fission

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the mitochondrial membrane that contributes to mitochondrial fission.


ecdysteroid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.


coenzyme A-peptidyl-cysteine covalent linking

The covalent linkage of coenzyme A and peptidyl-cysteine to form L-cysteine coenzyme A disulfide.


phenol, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + MgATP + H2O = phenylphosphate + MgAMP + orthophosphate.


cycloartenol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cycloartenol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


beta-lactam antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of the ADP-ribose group of NAD+ to a residue in double-stranded DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ = 3-methylsalicylate + NADH + H+.


toxic metabolite repair

A cellular process that, through single- or multi-step enzymatic reactions, repairs toxic endogenous compounds, formed as by-products of primary metabolism, by converting them into useful metabolites.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


cellooligosaccharide binding

Binding to cellooligosaccharide.


adenosylselenohomocysteinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine + H2O => Adenosine + Selenohomocysteine.


RNA guanosine-cytidine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-cytidine dinucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


brexanolone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brexanolone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 2 H+ + 2 e- + butyrolactone.


glucose catabolic process to pyruvate utilizing ADP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the utilization of ADP in the initial kinase reactions.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon.


caprolactam catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid.


conditioned place preference

The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug.


RNA topoisomerase activity

Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual RNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in RNA.


L-propargylglycine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate = chloride + H+ + L-propargylglycine.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


nonphotochemical quenching

The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted as heat. This process helps maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.


cellular catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular mesangial cell.


cell death

Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as part of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


secondary active p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate is the anion of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid.


regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-formylcytosine + succinate + CO2.


prolactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prolactin, a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that promotes lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-n + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of iodide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.


astaxanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving astaxanthin.


electron transporter, transferring electrons from cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons from the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


pullulan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


eosinophil fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an eosinophil cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.


ricinine nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + ricinine = NH3 + 3-carboxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone.


negative regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


diiodotyrosine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.


negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

Any process in which blue light stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


maintenance of protein location in cell cortex

A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


xylose catabolic process to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose, an aldopentose, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.


basidiospore formation

The process in which spores form outside a specialized end cell known as a basidium. Basidia are characteristic of the basidiomycete fungi (phylum Basidiomycota), and give rise to spores that each contain a haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis. The spores are usually attached to the basidium by short spikes called sterigmata (singular: sterigma). In most basidiomycetes there are four sterigmata (and four spores) to a basidium.


negative regulation of cardioblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation.


heteroduplex formation

The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.


regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


hydroxylysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: maltose(out) + H+(out) = maltose(in) + H+(in).


protein-fructosamine 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-fructosyl-L-lysine <=> ADP + H+ + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-fructosyl)-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 3-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an intermediate mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cellular detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in a cell. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + H+ + UDP.


tartrate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate + H+ = D-glycerate + CO2.


organic substance metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.


envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.


ferredoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.


positive regulation of reverse cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.


regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diaminopropionate + H2O = pyruvate + 2 NH3.


short nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.


structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


propionate metabolic process, methylcitrate cycle

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylcitrate cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + sphingosine = CMP + H+ + sphingosyl-phosphocholine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


18-hydroxyoleate peroxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 18-hydroxyoleate + a lipid hydroperoxide <=> 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxystearate + a lipid alcohol.


(R)-limonene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4R)-limonene + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-norcoclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (RS)-coclaurine.


positive regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-arogenate = L-glutamate + prephenate.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


ferredoxin hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2.


encapsulation of foreign target

Events resulting in the formation of a multilayered cellular sheath surrounding an invader and thus preventing its development. This defense mechanism is often seen in insects in response to nematodes or parasitoids, which are too large to be phagocytosed by individual hemocytes. In some organisms the capsule is blackened due to melanization.


3-oxo-myristoyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O <=> 3-oxo-myristate + coenzyme A + H+.


ganglioside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gangliosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.


positive regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


The formylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-formylglycine.


G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


sucrose:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = sucrose(in) + monovalent cation(in).


negative regulation of eosinophil extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


histone H2A-K5 acetylation

The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


protein-containing complex binding

Binding to a macromolecular complex.


sequoyitol galactinol:D-galactosylononitol galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol <=> D-galactosylononitol + myo-inositol.


synaptic vesicle coating

The formation of clathrin coated pits in the presynaptic membrane endocytic zone, triggered by the presence of high concentrations of synaptic vesicle components. This process leads to, but does not include budding of the membrane to form new vesicles.


gastrulation involving germ band extension

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


G protein-coupled glucose receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular glucose molecule and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


positive regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial cell scaffolds.


hydroxypyruvate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + NADP+ = hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.


oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in some oligosaccharides produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase, and in isomaltose. Releases a free alpha-D-glucose.


regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway

A series of reactions within the cell that occur as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound interacting with a chemoreceptor resulting in a modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


germacrene-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-germacrene A + diphosphate.


putrescine acetylation

The modification of putrescine by addition of acetyl groups.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by protein cross-linking

The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle by protein cross-linking, and the incorporation of phenolic precursors. This mechanism of cuticle hardening occurs in insects and is usually accompanied by darkening of the cuticle.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.


distal stomach smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the distal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The distal stomach is composed of the lower body and antrum and develops strong peristaltic phasic contractions that increase in amplitude as they propagate toward the pylorus.


protein localization to ciliary inversin compartment

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary inversin compartment.


regulation of germ cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.


positive regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anther dehiscence.


axonal defasciculation

Separation of axons away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.


fatty alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = O-D-glucosylnicotinate + UDP.


DNA repair complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a DNA repair complex.


organic phosphonate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Synthesis of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.


guanosine salvage

Any process that generates guanosine, guanine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


pteridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


pronephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron proximal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis

Any lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus that is involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis.


prostaglandin-I synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin I(2).


A phytochelatin metabolic process in which a metal and exogenous sulfur are incorporated with phytochelatin to form a complex.


epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis.


specification of floral organ identity

The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


D-dopachrome decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-dopachrome + H+ = 5,6-dihydroxyindole + CO2.


regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


transport of viral material towards nucleus

The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus. The process begins after viral entry, and ends when the viral material is at the nuclear membrane.


Catalyzes the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + [protein]-L-arginine + O2 = [protein]-(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-arginine + CO2 + succinate.


naphthalene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of naphthalene to naphthalene 1,2-oxide.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate induction

Signaling at short range from urogenital sinus mesenchymal cells to cells of the urogenital epithelium resulting in the epithelial cells adopting a prostatic fate.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance.


cell migration involved in somitogenic axis elongation

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that contributes to somitogenic axis elongation.


gossypetin 8-methyl ester 3'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavon-3-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gossypetin 3',8-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.


tungsten incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of tungsten into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


positive regulation of forward locomotion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forward locomotion.


Catalysis of the reaction: pentachlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = tetrachlorohydroquinone + NADP+ + chloride.


L-galactose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.


protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase type II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfocatechol + O2 = 3-sulfomuconate.


tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroethene + chloride + acceptor = tetrachloroethene + reduced acceptor.


organosilicon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organosilicons, any organic compound that contains silicon.


vasoconstriction of artery involved in ischemic response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

The vasoconstriction that is triggered by vasomotor excitation resulting from the detection of high carbon dioxide levels in the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.


gibberellin 12 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.


phytanic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytanic acid.


microtubule organizing center localization

Any process in which the microtubule organizing center is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


otolith formation

The process that gives rise to an otolith. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


Group II intron splicing

The splicing of Group II introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group II introns and containing splice site consensus sequences, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions (mechanistically similar to those for splicing of nuclear mRNAs) initiated by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat.


RNA nucleotide insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of one or more nucleotides.


eoxin D4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin C4 = eoxin D4 + 5-L-glutamyl amino acid.


cell wall modification

The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly.


5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-succinylglutathione + H2O = glutathione + H+ + succinate.


negative regulation of heart rate by acetylcholine

The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells and decreases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.


Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.


platelet activating factor production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of germ cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + NADPH = methyl-1,4-benzoquinol + NADP.


L-lysine alpha-aminotransferase

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + pyruvate= epsilon-amino-alpha-ketocaproic acid (KAC) + alanine.


DNA photolyase activity

Catalysis of the repair of a photoproduct resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of two adjacent pyrimidine residues in DNA.


positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway

Any positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system that is involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway.


L-rhamnonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H2O.


bile acid conjugation

The process in which bile acids are covalently linked to taurine or glycine.


inositol tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.


bile-acid-CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycholoyl-CoA + cholate = deoxycholate + choloyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-2-hydroxyisobutyryl-lysine-peptide.


cellular process

Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinamide mononucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H+ + nicotinamide.


shamixanthone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of shamixanthone.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a monocarboxylic acid amide + H2O = a monocarboxylate + NH3.


exit from host cell

The movement of an organism out of a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, epimerase pathway

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to cis-2-enoyl-CoA through one more cycle of the core beta-oxidation pathway. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA cannot be completely degraded via the core beta-oxidation pathway because hydratation of cis-2-enoyl-CoA yields D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, which is not a substrate for 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA must enter the so-called epimerase pathway, which involves converting D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA by 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA epimerase or by two stereo-specific enoyl-CoA hydratases. L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA then returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


The trimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N,N-trimethylserine.


response to nitrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


extracellular matrix-granule cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that mediates the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to granule cell precursors resulting in a decrease in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.


cell proliferation involved in neural plate elongation

The process of expansion of cell numbers in the neural plate due to cell division of progenitor cells preferentially in the rostrocaudal direction, resulting in the elongation of the tissue.


superinfection exclusion

The process by which a preexisting viral infection prevents a secondary infection with the same or a closely related virus. Typically some aspect of viral entry is inhibited, but post entry mechanisms have also been documented.


craniofacial suture closure

The process of fusing together the edges of a craniofacial suture.


peptidoglycan cross-bridge peptide endopeptidase activity

A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a peptidoglycan cross-bridge.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine + 2 NAD+ + H2O = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosaminuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)H + H+.


anther wall tapetum formation

The process that gives rise to the anther wall tapetum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


positive regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


(deoxy)adenylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dAMP = ADP + dADP.


camphene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate <=> (-)-camphene + diphosphoric acid.


chorismate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = 4-hydroxybenzoate + pyruvate.


proteolysis

The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.


synaptic target recognition

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses.


perturbation of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway

Any process in which the symbiont alters a host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


RNA strand annealing activity

An activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded RNA molecule.


DIMBOA glucoside beta-D-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-DIMBOA glucoside + H2O = H+ + DIMBOA + beta-D-glucose.


cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cardiac muscle myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a cardiac muscle myoblast cell population. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.


meiotic cell cycle phase

One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


cellular response to ozone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.


endosperm cellularization

The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization.


RNA 3' uridylation

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: taurine(out) + Na+(out) = taurine(in) + Na+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-N-debenzoyltaxol + benzoyl-CoA = H+ + paclitaxel + coenzyme A.


alcohol-forming long-chain fatty acyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH = a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + CoA + 2 NADP+. A long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


regulation of leaf formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf formation.


sorbose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol + NADP+ = L-sorbose + H+ + NADPH. The reaction may occur, to a minor extent, in the reverse direction.


L-glutamate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


de novo centriole assembly via blepharoplast

A de novo centriole assembly process observed in multi-ciliated sperm cells of some primitive land plants, and where centrioles are formed from a blepharoplast, ultimately giving rise to multiple cilia on the sperm surface.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + trans-zeatin <=> H+ + trans-zeatin-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


negative regulation of cell budding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.


eggshell formation

Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration.


metanephric capsule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric capsule are generated and organized. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


positive regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


negative regulation of arginase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


phenylacetone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + phenylacetone = benzyl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


histone H2A deubiquitinase activity

A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone H2A protein to which it is conjugated.


regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.


malonyl-CoA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonate + ATP + coenzyme A = malonyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


double stranded viral RNA replication

A viral genome replication process where the template genome is double stranded RNA (dsRNA). Genomic dsRNA is first transcribed into single-stranded (ss) mRNA, which is then replicated to ds-genomic RNA.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a host signal transduction pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n) = UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n+1).


Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate + phosphate.


protein O-GlcNAcylation via threonine

The glycosylation of a protein by addition of N-acetylglucosamine via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-N-acetylglucosamine-L-threonine.


leukotriene A4 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene A4.


cellular response to actinomycin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine, forming homocysteine and then methionine.


vacuolar sequestering of sodium ion

The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.


positive regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


plantlet formation on parent plant

The process in which a new plantlet develops from a meristem on the plant body. As part of this process, when the plantlet is large enough to live independently, the physical connection between the new plantlet and the main plant is severed.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine.


negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cGAS/STING signaling pathway.


antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.


follicular dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8'-al + O2 <=> all-trans-retinal + 2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial.


DNA replication proofreading

Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.


suppression by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tRNA-dihydrouridine17 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil17 in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil17 in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.


oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalyl-CoA = CO2 + formyl-CoA.


response to xylene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xylene stimulus.


irritable aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target.


inhibitory synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inhibitory synapse.


negative regulation of renal amino acid absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-pentonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, odd number

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on odd-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, a cis-3-enoyl-CoA is generated by the core beta-oxidation pathway, and then converted to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which can return to the core beta-oxidation pathway for complete degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


positive regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


acetate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetate = a fatty acid anion + acetyl-CoA.


extracellular matrix-dependent thymocyte migration

The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.


L-cysteine catabolic process to taurine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including taurine.


response to vitamin B3

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.


lactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lactose from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactose is a disaccharide 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, and constitutes roughly 5% of the milk in almost all mammals.


archaetidylserine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-digeranylgeranylglycerol + L-serine = archaetidylserine + CMP.


glycerol dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol = 3-hydroxypropanal + H2O.


pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


methionine gamma-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = methanethiol + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.


FAT10 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y = Y-FAT10 + X, where both X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 are covalent linkages.


neuromast hair cell differentiation involved in neuromast regeneration

Differentiation of new neuromast sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + reduced ferredoxin.


dCMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dCMP = ADP + dCDP.


ladanein 6-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ladanein + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + salvigenin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.


camera-type eye photoreceptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in a camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


maltodextrin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, from one side of a membrane to the other.


apoptotic process involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


B cell affinity maturation

The process in which B cells produce antibodies with increased antigen affinity. This is accomplished by somatic hypermutation and selection for B cells which produce higher affinity antibodies to antigen.


thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of thyroid gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of the thyroid gland epithelial cell population.


regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous synaptic transmission.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->2)-glucosidic linkages in (1->2)-beta-D-glucans.


diorcinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diorcinol.


histone succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + histone = CoA + succinyl-histone.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.


histone H2BK5 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


galactitol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: galactitol + NAD+ = D-tagatose + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate = tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate.


glucoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.


ecdysone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.


2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + CoA + 2-keto-isovalerate = NADH + CO2 + isobutyryl-CoA.


leukotriene C4 gamma-glutamyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene C4 + a standard alpha amino acid = leukotriene D4 + an (gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid.


DNA methylation on adenine

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to N-6 of adenine in a DNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + glycoprotein phospho-D-mannose.


regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


dimethylglycine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylglycine + H2O + O2 = formaldehyde + H2O2 + sarcosine.


response to differentiation-inducing factor 2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentan-1-one stimulus.


negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


negative regulation of fever generation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of fever generation.


GSI anchor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The sphingolipid group is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via a ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GSI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.


protein-phosphocysteine-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose(out) = protein cysteine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphate(in).


choline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.


regulation of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress.


threonine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


positive regulation of tRNA export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.


positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


interferon-omega production

The appearance of interferon-omega due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.


B cell adhesion

The attachment of a B cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.


rhombomere 6 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 6 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


regulation of adaptive immune memory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.


negative regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-trans-11,12-dihydrodiol = 11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


positive regulation of metanephric podocyte development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.


The trimethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanine.


enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH + H+.


phenanthrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene.


regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


negative regulation of homocysteine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine.


cell migration to the midline involved in heart development

The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


histone H3K4 dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + desulfoglucotropeolin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glucotropeolin + H+.


establishment of epithelial cell planar polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of an epithelial cell along the plane of the epithelial tissue.


response to wortmannin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 an ubiquinol = 2 H2O + 2 an ubiquinone.


4-coumarate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA.


karyogamy involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from two nuclei as a result of fusing the nuclear envelopes that surround each nuclei. This takes place following the mutual exchange of one of the two nuclei produced by the mitosis that follows the second meiotic nuclear division. This occurs in ciliated protozoans such as Tetrahymena.


IgG receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


formation by host of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from symbiont

The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-L-threonine-[glycoprotein] <=> N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide + a [protein]-L-threonine.


anaerobic electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene.


peptide crotonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: crotonyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-crotonyl-lysine-peptide.


indoleacetic acid amide conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an amino acid or polypeptide through an amide bond.


telomere-telomerase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere-telomerase complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene.


histone butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + histone = CoA + butyryl-histone.


protein-coenzyme A linkage

The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and coenzyme A.


transport of virus in host, cell to cell

The transport of a virus between adjacent cells in a multicellular organism.


beta-cryptoxanthin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-cryptoxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = zeaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


pyruvate oxidase (CoA-acetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + H+ + O2 + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.


N-feruloylglycine deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-feruloylglycine + H2O = ferulate + glycine.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.


actinorhodin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving actinorhodin.


negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.


sulfide oxidation, using siroheme sulfite reductase

A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by siroheme sulfite reductase.


lipid droplet fusion

The process by which a single lipid droplet is created from the fusion of two or more lipid droplets.


cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cob(I)alamin + hydrogen cyanide + NADP+ = cyanocob(III)alamin + H+ + NADPH.


acinar cell differentiation

The epithelial cell differentiation process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an acinar cell, a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini.


C4 photosynthesis

The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.


phosphodiesterase decapping endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the removal of the cap from an unmethylated 5'-end capped RNA resulting in the release of the entire cap structure (GpppN) and a 5' monophosphorylated RNA.


zeatin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrozeatin + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + zeatin.


dihydropteroate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoate = diphosphate + dihydropteroate.


negative regulation of stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction.


negative regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


cAMP receptor activity

Combining with cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


locus ceruleus formation

The process that gives rise to the locus ceruleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.


dIMP salvage

Any process which produces a dIMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


P-type cadmium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Cd2+(out).


Spemann organizer formation at the embryonic shield

Formation of the specialized region of the embryonic shield of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the teleost body plan.


protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum tubular network

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endoplasmic reticulum tubular network.


Se-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the selenium atom of an acceptor molecule.


regulation of female pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


hypoglossal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


sigma factor antagonist activity

The function of binding to a sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its transcriptional activity.


histone H4K deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H4.


autophagosome-lysosome fusion

The process in which autophagosomes, double-membraned vesicles containing cytoplasmic material, fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the autophagosome.


regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


negative regulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.


griseofulvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of griseofulvin, an important antifungal drug that has been in use for a long time for treating dermatophyte infections.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a monoterpenol = CoA + a monoterpenol acetate ester.


angiotensin type I receptor activity

An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ signaling, and may act via additional signaling mechanisms.


detoxification of iron ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of iron ion. These include transport of iron away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of iron ion.


carnosine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + carnosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anserine + H+.


isoprenoid biosynthetic process via mevalonate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via mevalonate.


isopentadecanoic acid binding

Binding to isopentadecanoic acid.


cellular response to endogenous stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene dependent systemic resistance.


reuteran biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.


cellular response to immobilization stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.


negative regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into a cell.


regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


peripheral B cell deletion

The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of peripheral tolerance induction and B cell selection.


hydroxymalonate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + oxomalonate.