thyrotoxicosis

A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by the elevation of thyroid hormone levels in the serum. Signs and symptoms include tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, weight loss, warm weather intolerance, and moist skin. Causes include Graves disease, toxic nodular goiter, toxic thyroid nodule, and lymphocytic thyroiditis.


purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling.


Fecal Impaction

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


intestinal cholesterol absorption

Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.


bundle of His development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bundle of His over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bundle of His is part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


Abnormal urinary odor

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A deviation from the normal odor of the urine.


cellular response to jasmonic acid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.


neuropilin binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a member of the neuropilin family.


spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly

The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex.


membrane biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane.


AIP1-IRE1 complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme-1) bound to AIP1 (ASK1-interacting protein 1/DAB2-interacting protein).


Traumatic hemorrhage

Vascular rupture, and the resulting loss of blood, due to physical injury.


response to interleukin-4

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.


thrombospondin receptor activity

Combining with thrombospondin and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group to an acceptor.


post-embryonic animal organ morphogenesis

Morphogenesis, during the post-embryonic phase, of an animal tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis pertains to process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


G protein-coupled ATP receptor activity

Combining with ATP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


blackwater fever

A complication of malaria resulting from hemolysis.


radial glia guided migration of Purkinje cell

The migration of postmitotic a Purkinje cell along radial glial cells from the ventricular zone to the Purkinje cell layer.


regulation of hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.


negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.


negative regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.


branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O.


acetylcholine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


Menopause

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


regulation of ovulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amides

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amide.


response to linoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.


PeBoW complex

A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively.


Intestinal bleeding

Bleeding from the intestines.


cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Purkinje cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Purkinje cell fate. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.


type 2 immune response

An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, by any of a variety of cell types including T-helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and nuocytes, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects.


homocysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid. Homocysteine is an important intermediate in the metabolic reactions of its S-methyl derivative, methionine.


phosphatidylinositol monophosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol monophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + phosphate.


negative regulation of lamellipodium organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.


establishment of mitotic spindle localization

The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.


hyperinsulinism

Abnormally high levels of insulin in the blood.


collagen receptor activity

Combining with a collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


nuclear receptor coactivator activity

A transcription coactivator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator.


Thioproperazine

A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a dimethylaminosulfonyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at N-10.


fourth ventricle

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large irregularly shaped cavity located on the midline of the rhombencephalon, between the medulla, pons and the isthmus ventrally and the cerebellum dorsally. It is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct anteriorally and the central canal of the spinal cord posteriorly. It communicates with the subarachnoid space through its lateral and median apertures.


dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a dinucleotide insertion or deletion.


polyp of colon

A polyp that involves the colon.


Dsl1/NZR complex

A multisubunit tethering complex, i.e. a protein complex involved in mediating the initial interaction between vesicles and the membranes with which they fuse, that is involved in trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the ER. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Dsl1p complex contains Dsl1p, Tip20p, and Sec39p.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.


nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a rare systemic fibrosing condition observed in renally impaired patients and characterized by a hardening and thickening of the skin with fibrotic plaques or papules, pruritus, joint pain and stiffness, muscle weakness, limitation of range of motion, and yellowed eyes. It is generally associated with administration of gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (GBCA) in patients with kidney disease.


inward rectifier potassium channel complex

A protein complex which is capable of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of dermatome development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


regulation of miRNA transcription

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription.


microtubule plus-end

The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability.


Obsessive thoughts

A series of thoughts that are difficult to suppress and may be a consequence or cause of anxiety.


negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


ligase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a ligase.


phosphotransferase activity, nitrogenous group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a nitrogenous group (acceptor).


radiation pneumonitis

Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.


transforming growth factor beta receptor activity

Combining with a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


cytoplasmic dynein complex

Any dynein complex with a homodimeric dynein heavy chain core that catalyzes movement along a microtubule. Cytoplasmic dynein complexes participate in many cytoplasmic transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Some complexes participate in intraflagellar transport. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes, and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.


cupric reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Cu+ + NAD+ + H+ = Cu2+ + NADH.


nucleotide transmembrane transport

The directed movement of nucleotide across a membrane.


positive regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene silencing by a microRNA (miRNA).


Hepatic cancer metastatic

A carcinoma that arises from the liver and has spread to another anatomic site.


proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex

The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.


inositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol bisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol phosphate + phosphate.


kidney vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the kidney vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


response to forskolin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a forskolin stimulus.


primary cutaneous T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising from the skin. Representative examples include mycosis fungoides and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma.


renal water transport

The directed movement of water (H2O) by the renal system.


guanylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate.


biotin carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2 = ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein.


kainate selective glutamate receptor activity

An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate, acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium and potassium, and for which kainate is an agonist.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


cellular response to misfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.


somatotropin secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


DNA topological change

The process in which a transformation is induced in the topological structure of a double-stranded DNA helix, resulting in a change in linking number.


cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex

An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer.


pro-T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed.


cis-trans isomerase activity

Catalysis of a reaction that interconverts cis and trans isomers. Atoms or groups are termed cis or trans to one another when they lie respectively on the same or on opposite sides of a reference plane identifiable as common among stereoisomers.


regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA.


guanosine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).


mature B cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response.


purine ribonucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


deoxycytidine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycytidine + H2O = deoxyuridine + NH3.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.


T-helper 1 type immune response

An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin.


natriuretic peptide receptor activity

Combining with a natriuretic peptide and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


Hypotonic uterine inertia

Greater than 20 hours of labor in nulliparous women and greater than 14 hours in parous women.


mitochondrial transcription

The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


vagus nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


lipoma

A benign, usually painless, well-circumscribed lipomatous tumor composed of adipose tissue.


G protein-coupled pyrimidinergic nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a pyrimidine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.


growth involved in heart morphogenesis

Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


fasciitis

Inflammation process in fascia.


brachial artery

The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm. In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps, and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure. The brachial artery is closely related to the median nerve; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery. Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint. [WP,unvetted].


mesenchymal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


cortisol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.


learning disability

A group of disorders that affect a person's ability to learn or process specific types of information which is in contrast to his/her apparent level of intellect.


acetylcholine receptor regulator activity

Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed.


ganglion mother cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ganglion mother cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


CCR4-NOT core complex

The core of the CCR4-NOT complex. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Caf40p, Caf130p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p.


phosphate ion binding

Binding to a phosphate ion.


dGDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).


response to muscle inactivity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus.


quinone binding

Binding to a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds.


glial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of glial cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and include Schwann cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes among others.


L-valine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamatic acid.


retinal vascular disorder

Retinal damage resulting from diminished blood flow/oxygenation due to abnormalities of the retinal vessels. Causes include hypertension, diabetes, thrombosis, embolism, and hemorrhage.


rDNA binding

Binding to a DNA sequence encoding a ribosomal RNA.


IMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving IMP, inosine monophosphate.


Erythrityl tetranitrate

Erythritol in which each of the hydroxy groups has been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to nitroglycerin. It is usually used diluted with lactose or other suitable inert excipients, in order to minimise the risk of explosion; undiluted erythrityl tetranitrate can be exploded by percussion or excessive heat.


corneal edema

Hazy, swollen cornea.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to an acceptor phosphatidylinositol, the first step in the production of GPI anchors for cell surface proteins. The complex contains PIG-A, PIG-C, PIG-H, PIG-Q, PIG-P, and DPM2 in human, and Eri1p, Gpi1p, Gpi2p, Gpi15p, Gpi19p, and Spt14p in budding yeast.


dUDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.


zymogen granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule.


positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


DNA strand exchange activity

Catalysis of the identification and base-pairing of homologous sequences between single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA.


positive regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.


activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c.


positive regulation of protein depolymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.


anchoring collagen complex

Any collagen complex which links one collagen assembly, such as a collagen fibril or sheet, to other structures.


Menometrorrhagia

Prolonged/excessive menses and bleeding at irregular intervals.


thymine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.


telomeric DNA binding

Binding to a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end.


neuron projection extension

Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


Generalized lymphadenopathy

A generalized form of lymphadenopathy.


centromeric DNA binding

Binding to a centromere, a region of chromosome where the spindle fibers attach during mitosis and meiosis.


regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.


pulmonary venoocclusive disease

A disorder characterized by pulmonary venous constriction or occlusion, resulting in pulmonary hypertension.


response to stilbenoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to a stilbenoid. Stilbenoids are secondary products of heartwood formation in trees that can act as phytoalexins. Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones.


polycystin complex

A stable heterodimeric complex composed of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2.


peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid.


alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha2-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gi alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


lateral ventricle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral ventricles over time, from the formation to the mature structure. The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle.


oligopeptide binding

Binding to an oligopeptide.


peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase.


negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.


cortical microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.


THO complex part of transcription export complex

The THO complex when it is part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp1, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production

Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


trimming of terminal mannose on B branch

The removal of an alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the B-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


sweet taste receptor complex

A protein complex which is capable of sweet taste receptor activity.


negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.


Mucosal ulcer

A circumscribed loss of integrity of the mucous membrane.


cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is a form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia characterized pathologically by organizing pneumonia (OP) that presents with non-specific flu-like symptoms, as well as cough and dyspnea and where no etiological agent is found.


synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

The acidification of the synaptic vesicle lumen via transport of protons into the vesicle. The resulting electrochemical gradient powers neurotransmitter loading.


protein oxidation

The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation.


Skin Burning Sensation

A sensation of dermal stinging or heat, not necessarily accompanied by redness or physical signs of skin irritation.


regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food.


response to glycoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth.


Leukoencephalopathy

This term describes abnormality of the white matter of the cerebrum resulting from damage to the myelin sheaths of nerve cells.


tooth mineralization

The process in which calcium salts are deposited into calcareous tooth structures such as dental enamel, dentin and cementum.


Hangover from any Alcohol or Other Drugs substance


formation of radial glial scaffolds

The formation of scaffolds from a radial glial cell. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


strongyloidiasis

An infection that is caused by nematodes of the genus Strongyloides, most commonly Strongyloides stercoralis, which is a soil-transmitted helminth, and which is characterized by a variety of gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and, occasionally, pulmonary manifestations. The worm's autoinfective life cycle can lead to hyper-infection and life-threatening dissemination in immunocompromised hosts decades after initial infection.


positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that increases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


ulnar nerve

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A nerve which runs near the ulna bone.


negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


Negativism

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Trimethobenzamide

The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.


storage vacuole

A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules.


response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


neuron projection extension involved in neuron projection guidance

Any neuron projection extension that is involved in neuron projection guidance.


formation of cytoplasmic translation initiation complex

Joining of the large ribosomal subunit with the translation preinitiation complex, with release of IF2/eIF2 and IF3/eIF3 or IF5B/eIF5B. This leaves the functional ribosome at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.


negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


patched binding

Binding to a patched (ptc) protein, a receptor for hedgehog proteins.


cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


Irregular Pulse

Not rhythmic pulse irregular in beat or accent.


positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.


positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.


Aminopyrine

A  pyrazolone  that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.


histone H3-K9 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone.


hypertensive nephropathy

Kidney damage that results from chronically elevated blood pressure; complications include glomerular damage resulting in proteinuria and hematuria.


N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine.


ribosome binding

Binding to a ribosome.


chemosensory behavior

Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.


positive regulation of protein homooligomerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.


peliosis hepatis

A vascular disease of the liver characterized by the occurrence of multiple blood-filled cysts or cavities. The cysts are lined with endothelial cells; the cavities lined with hepatic parenchymal cells (hepatocytes). Peliosis hepatis has been associated with use of anabolic steroids (anabolic agents) and certain drugs.


positive regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.


protein-arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-arginyl-[protein] = L-citrullyl-[protein] + NH4+, resulting in citrullination of the target protein. This reaction is calcium-dependent.


maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


type I pneumocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles.


ROLITETRACYCLINE

A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.


endocardial cushion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


photoreceptor cell maintenance

Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light.


large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 100 to 220 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by concerted actions of internal calcium ions and membrane potential. Large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are less sensitive to calcium than are small or intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


eye pigment biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.


rib

An intersegmental rod-shaped bone that forms in the peritoneal membrane and attach to the vertebral parapophyses.


Flupentixol

A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.


Bloody Discharge

The leaking of serosanguinous fluids from an orifice or wound.


germ-line stem cell population maintenance

Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.


myocardial rupture

Disease-related laceration or tearing of tissues of the heart, including the free-wall MYOCARDIUM; HEART SEPTUM; PAPILLARY MUSCLES; CHORDAE TENDINEAE; and any of the HEART VALVES. Pathological rupture usually results from myocardial infarction (HEART RUPTURE, POST-INFARCTION).


calcium-induced calcium release activity

Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration.


Monoplegia

Paralysis that affects one limb.


establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the closure of the neural tube.


Leg Ulcer

A circumscribed, inflammatory, and often suppurating lesion that causes necrosis of tissue on the skin of the limb comprising the hip, thigh, leg and foot.


regulation of mitotic recombination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.


epidermal lamellar body

A specialized secretory organelle found in keratinocytes and involved in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function.


gamma-aminobutyric acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of gamma-aminobutyric acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Gamma-aminobutyric acid is 4-aminobutyrate (GABA).


cerebrospinal fluid secretion

The regulated release of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the choroid plexus of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid is a clear liquid that located within the ventricles, spinal canal, and subarachnoid spaces.


formate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


response to herbicide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants.


glycogenin glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + glucosylglycogenin.


sternum

A midventral endochondral skeletal element which represents the origin site of the pectoral muscles[PHENOSCAPE:ad].


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.


neurofilament bundle assembly

The assembly of neurofilaments into bundles, in which the filaments are longitudinally oriented, with numerous crossbridges between them. Neurofilament bundles may be cross-linked to each other, to membrane-bounded organelles or other cytoskeletal structures such as microtubules.


Loss of voice

A term referring to the inability to speak. It may result from injuries to the vocal cords or may be functional (psychogenic).


positive regulation of somatostatin secretion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR3 chemokine receptor.


positive regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.


Eyelid retraction

With the eyes in primary position, the sclera is visible above the superior corneal limbus.


methotrexate binding

Binding to methotrexate, an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of tetrahydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.


baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

The lowering of the number of nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of decreased stretch of an artery that results in an increased in sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.


THO complex

The THO complex is a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. The THO complex is also part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1p, Tho2p, Thp1p, and Mft1p, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


corpus luteum

A transient endocrine gland that develops from the postovulatory or atretic follicles and secretes progesterone; it is thought to be related to egg retention[PMID].


flagellated sperm motility

The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium (aka flagellum) that contributes to the movement of a flagellated sperm.


adenosine-phosphate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an adenosine-phosphate + H20 = an inosine phosphate + NH3. Catalyzes the deamination of AMP, ADP or ATP.


ichthyosis

Disorders of cornification that are characterized by visible scaling and/or hyperkeratosis of most or all of the skin. Inherited ichthyoses, defined as the generalized form of Mendelian disorders of cornification, affect most or all of the skin. This etiologically and phenotypically heterogenous group of conditions is caused by mutations in various different genes important for keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal barrier function. Acquired forms of ichthyosis can be observed with certain autoimmune, inflammatory, metabolic, endocrine, or infectious diseases or with malignancies.


thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.


T-wave inversion

An inversion of the T-wave (which is normally positive).


ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor binding

Binding to a ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor.


dimethylallyltranstransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate.


double-stranded RNA-specific ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in double-stranded RNA molecules.


Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract (small intestine, large intestine, and anus).


polyprenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.


negative regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to a virus.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.


regulation of NK T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.


ATP-dependent protein binding

Binding to a protein or protein complex using energy from ATP hydrolysis.


glycerol channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of glycerol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


optic chiasma

A decussation of the diencephalon where the fibers of the optic nerve cross.


PAN complex

A complex that possesses poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity; catalyzes the message-specific shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails. Contains at least two subunits, known as Pan2p and Pan3p in Saccharomyces.


positive regulation of trophoblast cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.


negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Salicylamide

The simplest member of the class of salicylamides derived from salicylic acid.


positive regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.


histone locus body

A nuclear body associated with the histone gene locus that is thought to contain all of the factors necessary for histone mRNA transcription and pre-mRNA processing. In Drosophila, U7 snRNP is located in the histone locus body rather than the distinct Cajal body.


prostate glandular acinus development

The progression of a glandular acinus of the prostate gland over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.


positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process.


Ascorbic Acid

The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.


negative regulation of biomineral tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


post-embryonic animal morphogenesis

The process, occurring after animal embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA.


Lichenoid actinic keratosis

A benign intraepidermal squamoproliferative neoplasm characterized by irregular acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and prominent chronic inflammation.


nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

The biosynthetic process in which peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of the translational machinery. Examples include the synthesis of antibiotic peptides, and glutathione.


X chromosome

The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the X chromosome are present in each somatic cell of females and one copy is present in males.


cloacal exstrophy

A major birth defect representing the severe end of the spectrum of the exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC) characterized by omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus and spinal defects (also referred to as the OEIS complex), often associated with other malformations.


equilibrioception

The series of events required for an organism to receive an orientational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Equilibrioception refers to a combination of processes by which an organism can perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. In animals, stimuli come from labyrinth system of the inner ears, monitoring the direction of motion; visual stimuli, with information on orientation and motion; pressure receptors, which tell the organism which body surfaces are in contact with the ground; and proprioceptive cues, which report which parts of the body are in motion.


RNA polymerase III complex

RNA polymerase III, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces 5S rRNA, tRNAs and some of the small nuclear RNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase I and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and II. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


inositol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


regulation of ketone biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.


dTTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.


protein C-linked glycosylation via 2'-alpha-mannosyl-L-tryptophan

The glycosylation of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue by the transfer of alpha-mannopyranose from dolichyl-activated mannose to the indole ring.


DNA double-strand break processing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.


Muscle hemorrhage

Bleeding occuring within a muscle


BLOC-2 complex binding

Binding to a BLOC-2 complex, a protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules.


reticular formation

A composite substructure of the brainstem that consists of the midbrain reticular formation, the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ).


middle ear morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window).


fat-soluble vitamin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.


minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding

Binding to a DNA structure formed by the minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA regions. Examples of proteins having this function are AT-rich interaction domain (ARID)-containing proteins.


endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.


cyclase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes a ring closure reaction.


sweet syndrome

Sweet's syndrome (the eponym for acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is characterized by a constellation of clinical symptoms, physical features, and pathologic findings which include fever, neutrophilia, tender erythematous skin lesions (papules, nodules, and plaques), and a diffuse infiltrate consisting predominantly of mature neutrophils that are typically located in the upper dermis.


vitamin transmembrane transport

The process in which a vitamin is transported across a membrane. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


Acute sinusitis

An acute form of sinusitis.


diphosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a diphosphate group from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).


paranodal junction assembly

Formation of the junction between an axon and the glial cell that forms the myelin sheath. Paranodal junctions form at each paranode, i.e. at the ends of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier.


JUN kinase binding

Binding to JUN kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family.


primary lysosome

A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole.


adenyl deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to an adenyl deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactoside = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl derivative + CMP + H+.


regulation of phospholipid catabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of phospholipid catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


bone tissue

Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.


response to corticosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.


immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


inositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol bisphosphate + phosphate.


Hypergastrinemia

An elevated amount of gastrin in the blood.


atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an atrial cardiomyocyte to an AV node cell.


dysthymic disorder

A chronic mood disorder in which the symptoms are similar to, though milder than, those diagnosed in depression.


Male sexual dysfunction

A problem occurring during any phase of the male sexual response cycle that prevents the individual from experiencing satisfaction from the sexual activity


respiratory syncytial virus infectious disease

Infection with the respiratory syncytial virus, an RNA virus of the genus Pneumovirus, in the family Paramyxoviridae, which is characterized by the formation of syncytia in tissue culture. It causes minor respiratory infection with rhinitis and cough in adults, but is capable of causing severe bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in young children.


Golgi ribbon formation

The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae.


tubulin deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl(alpha-tubulin) + H2O = alpha-tubulin + acetate.


negative regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.


hindgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindgut is part of the alimentary canal that lies posterior to the midgut.


L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamine is 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


cellular response to leucine starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of leucine.


B cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a B cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


ophthalmic herpes zoster

Virus infection of the Gasserian ganglion and its nerve branches characterized by pain and vesicular eruptions with much swelling. Ocular involvement is usually heralded by a vesicle on the tip of the nose. This area is innervated by the nasociliary nerve.


plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule toward the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Injection site thrombophlebitis

Thrombophlebitis in the veins surrounding an injection site.


regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle.


protein transport from ciliary membrane to plasma membrane

The directed movement of protein from ciliary membrane to plasma membrane.


N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


macropinosome

A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of macropinocytosis.


modulation by host of symbiont transcription

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont's transcription.


membrane lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.


positive regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


protein transport within lipid bilayer

The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer.


testicular disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the testis. Representative examples include torsion, infarction, germ cell tumor, sex cord-stromal tumor, lymphoma, and leukemia.


morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium

The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.


TRAF2-GSTP1 complex

A protein complex comprising tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1). This complex is thought to disrupt the TNF signaling cascade, thus down-regulating inflammatory responses.


positive regulation of cortisol secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.


TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex

The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that typically transports proteins that possess a matrix-targeting N-terminal presequence. The TIM23 complex contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylethanolamine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylethanolamine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


immunological synapse

An area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell formed through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and the target cell and facilitating activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.


lipid phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.


hyperosmotic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ornithine is 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid.


mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex

A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates transport of proteins into all mitochondrial compartments.


palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-protein + H2O = palmitate + protein.


regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.


positive regulation of eosinophil chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil chemotaxis.


Golgi transport vesicle coating

The addition of specific coat proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles.


ATOVAQUONE

A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.


chloride ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of chloride ions within an organism or cell.


sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

The process of binding or confining an extracellular signaling ligand, such that the ligand is unable to bind to its cell surface receptor.


protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-beta-aspartate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-beta-aspartate methyl ester.


positive regulation of glial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.


cytomegalovirus retinitis

Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel sheathing, and retinal edema. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a major opportunistic infection in aids patients and can cause blindness.


negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


anatomical structure regression

The developmental process in which an anatomical stucture is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.


protein farnesylation

The covalent attachment of a farnesyl group to a protein.


Anileridine

A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of isonipecotic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl group.


protein-lipid complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a protein-lipid complex.


nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A nucleotide-sugar is any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.


succinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor.


Decreased lacrimation

Abnormally decreased lacrimation, that is, reduced ability to produce tears.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. The tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a tryptophan-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


negative regulation of DNA recombination at telomere

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the telomere.


sex determination

Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.


'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD+ or oxygen.


double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining

An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that is independent of factors important for V(D)J recombination (as opposed to classical nonhomologous end joining). It often results in a deletion with microhomology (i.e. 5-25bp homology) at the repair junction. Among different subclasses of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), alternative NHEJ appears to play a significant role in the etiology of mutations that arise during cancer development and treatment.


regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.


lipoprotein transport

The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


dermatophytosis

A common fungal infection of the stratum corneum of the skin, hair, or nails by a dermatophyte. It is characterized by itching, inflammation, redness of the skin, small papular vesicles, central clearing, fissures, scaling, and/or hair loss in the affected area.


histone H4-K8 acetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 8 of the histone.


V(D)J recombination

The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).


5'-3' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a DNA molecule.


formaldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.


regulation of extracellular matrix assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.


amino acid import

The directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization of epithelial cells in an embryo.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.


netrin-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a netrin protein to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Netrins can act as chemoattractant signals for some cells and chemorepellent signals for others. Netrins also have roles outside of cell and axon guidance.


animal organ maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an animal organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.


regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


heparin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells. They are similar to heparan sulfates but are of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contain fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups; they may be attached in the same manner to protein, forming proteoglycans. They consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.


MDA-5 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of dsRNA from another organism to the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1). MDA-5 detects RNA synthesized during viral replication or shed by non-viral pathogens, and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against infection, for example by inducing the expression of cytokines.


Necrotizing Arteritis

An arteritis characterized by the presence of inflammation and necrosis in the arterial wall.


leukotriene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.


rRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an rRNA molecule.


snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.


positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.


pantothenate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


response to cortisol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.


titin binding

Binding to titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.


intracellular chloride ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of chloride ions within a cell.


skin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.


P-type proton-exporting transporter activity

Enables the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out). These transporters use a phosphorylative mechanism, which have a phosphorylated intermediate state during the ion transport cycle.


DNA replication factor A complex

A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa.


CDP-diacylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. It is a common intermediate in phospholipid biosynthesis.


peptidyl-lysine monomethylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.


regulation of mitochondrial fission

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


tau-protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tau-protein = ADP + O-phospho-tau-protein.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 binding

Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.


regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.


regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.


purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


cytokinetic process

A cellular process that is involved in cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells).


polar microtubule

Any of the spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart.


interleukin-13 production

The appearance of interleukin-13 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cellular response to interleukin-12

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus.


positive regulation of appetite

Any process that increases appetite.


radiculopathy

Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see spinal nerve roots) which may result from compression related to intervertebral disk displacement; spinal cord injuries; spinal diseases; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.


Abnormality on pulmonary function testing

Any anomaly measure by pulmonary function testing, which includes spirometry, measures of diffusing capacity, and plethysmography.


postherpetic neuralgia

Pain that occurs after the disappearance of herpes zoster infection lesions.


ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis

Endocytosis of a protein that requires the substrate to be modified by ubiquitination. Several plasma membrane proteins, including cell surface permeases and some receptors, are targeted for internalization by endocytosis, and are thereafter delivered to the vacuole or lysosome, where they are degraded.


Pharyngeal edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid leading to swelling of the pharynx.


pancreatic insulinoma

An insulin-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the beta cells of the pancreas. Patients exhibit symptoms related to hypoglycemia due to inappropriate secretion of insulin.


Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding

Binding to an Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor.


vascular wound healing

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


extrinsic component of mitochondrial inner membrane

The component of mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


ureter

Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs.


negative regulation of interleukin-5 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.


pantetheine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantetheine + H2O = (R)-pantothenate + cysteamine.


rhodopsin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + rhodopsin = ADP + phosphorhodopsin.


mating behavior

The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.


B cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B cell receptor to augment B cell activation.


intravascular large B-cell lymphoma

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a very rare form of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma characterized by the selective growth of lymphoma cells within the lumina of small blood vessels (especially the capillaries) that most often presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations (as potentially any tissue can be involved), with patients from Western countries more frequently manifesting with neurological and cutaneous symptoms while patients from Asian countries more frequently displaying hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. IVLBCL is characterized by an absence of lymphadenopathy, an aggressive clinical course and a poor prognosis.


regulation of regulatory ncRNA processing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulatory non-coding RNA processing.


Decamethonium

A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents.


Rab protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


Intoxication

Disturbances in psychophysiological functions and responses as a result of administration or ingestion of a psychoactive substance.


glycogen granule

Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface.


Neutrophilia

Increased number of neutrophils circulating in blood.


isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NAD(P)+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


glyoxalase III activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylglyoxal + H2O = D-lactate.


mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c

The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III.


nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


heart valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized.


Chlormezanone

A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.


alpha-mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


clitoris

The small, erectile body located at the anterior end of the vulva.


hemoglobin binding

Binding to hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.


hemolysis in another organism

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.


positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.


sensory system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure.


dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria

A pigmentation disease characterized by reticulate hyper- and hypo-pigmentated macules in a generalized distribution.


negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Lipoatrophy

Localized loss of fat tissue.


DNA cytosine deamination

The removal of an amino group from a cytosine residue in DNA, forming a uracil residue.


microtubule minus-end binding

Binding to the minus end of a microtubule.


cellular response to lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.


bile acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


thyroid hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


male germ cell nucleus

The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males.


'de novo' cotranslational protein folding

The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of the ribosome-bound nascent chains of a multidomain protein whilst other parts of the protein are still being translated.


non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

An acute condition characterized by sudden visual loss (usually discovered in the morning), optic disc edema at onset, optic disc-related visual field defects. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy can be associated with flame hemorrhages on the swollen disc or nearby neuroretinal layer, and sometimes with nearby cotton-wool exudates.


myoblast differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a relatively unspecialized satellite cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Hyperuricosuria

An abnormally high level of uric acid in the urine.


positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


metanephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.


clathrin adaptor complex

A membrane coat adaptor complex that links clathrin to a membrane.


vitamin B12 deficiency

A disease characterized by low serum levels of vitamin B12, either inherited or acquired.


Schmidt-Lanterman incisure

Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.


cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.


primosome complex

Any of a family of protein complexes that form at the origin of replication or stalled replication forks and function in replication primer synthesis in all organisms. Early complexes initiate double-stranded DNA unwinding. The core unit consists of a replicative helicase and a primase. The helicase further unwinds the DNA and recruits the polymerase machinery. The primase synthesizes RNA primers that act as templates for complementary stand replication by the polymerase machinery. The primosome contains a number of associated proteins and protein complexes and contributes to the processes of replication initiation, lagging strand elongation, and replication restart.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.


anuria

Absence of urine output.


Abnormal breath sound

An anomalous (adventitious) sound produced by the breathing process.


pole plasm assembly

Establishment of the specialized cytoplasm found at the poles of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


telencephalon regionalization

The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops.


Ketosis

Presence of elevated levels of ketone bodies in the body.


regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport

The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


heparin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.


regulation of mitochondrial translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl (systematic name, hexadecanoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction hexadecanoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-hexadecanoyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].