Conventional Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma that is not associated with Epstein-Barr virus.


Breast fibroadenolipoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A benign, circumscribed and usually encapsulated lesion of the breast.  It contains all the components of the breast tissue.


Intraductal Prostate Carcinoma

An intra-acinar and/or intraductal neoplastic epithelial proliferation in the prostate gland that has some features of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia but exhibits much greater architectural and/or cytological atypia, typically associated with high-grade, high-stage prostate carcinoma. (WHO 2016)


Resectable Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Ionizing Radiation-Related Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm arising in an anatomic site exposed to ionizing radiation.


Fascial fibrosarcoma

A malignant fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the fascial connective tissue.


Transplant-Related Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

A bladder urothelial carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Increased

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Vaginal Basaloid Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of nests of malignant basaloid squamous cells with scant amounts of cytoplasm.


Ventral Hernia with Obstruction without Mention of Gangrene

The protrusion of contents of the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall, at the site of the linea alba, which results in obstruction, without mention of necrosis of the herniated contents.


Autosomal Dominant Neurohypophyseal Diabetes Insipidus

An autosomal dominant form of diabetes insipidus caused by mutation(s) in the AVP gene encoding arginine vasopressin.


Advanced Bone Sarcoma

A bone sarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1: M1: Distant metastasis, including pleural effusion with positive cytology; liver or splenic parenchymal metastasis; metastasis to extra-abdominal organs (including inguinal lymph nodes and lymph nodes outside the abdominal cavity); and transmural involvement of intestine. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Decreased PARP Enzyme Activity

A finding indicating that a sample is expressing lower levels of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase enzyme activity than that expressed by a reference or comparative sample.


Recurrent Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Anal Carcinoma

Anal carcinoma that has spread from its primary site to another anatomic site.


Transfusion dependent thalassaemia

Thalassemia that results in severe anemia and requires regular blood transfusions for patient survival.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to nervous system

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the nervous system.  This may be from a primary nervous system malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of anal canal

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Hilar Mass

An abnormal growth located in the hilum of the lung.


Appendix Mucinous Neoplasm

An appendiceal neoplasm characterized by mucinous epithelial proliferation with extracellular mucin and pushing tumour margins. (WHO 2019)


Primary Immune Regulatory Disorder

A group of immune diseases characterized predominantly by immune dysregulation leading to organ-specific autoimmunity, excessive inflammation, and non-malignant lymphoproliferation. Unlike classical primary immunodeficiencies, susceptibility to infections is typically less prominent in these disorders.


acute myelomonocytic leukemia in relapse

The reemergence of acute myelomonocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


Bile Duct Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm with Intermediate Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

An intraductal papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of moderate epithelial atypia.


Stage IVA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Fallopian tube cancer with pleural effusion with positive cytology. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Retinoma

A rare, unilateral or bilateral benign neoplasm that arises from the retina. There is an increased risk of malignant transformation to retinoblastoma; therefore, patients with a diagnosis of retinocytoma should be closely observed.


Intra-Abdominal Lymphangioma

A lymphangioma arising from the organs of the abdominal cavity.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms).


Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Skin

An epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the skin.


Refractory Brain Neoplasm

Brain neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Extracutaneous Merkel Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare Merkel cell carcinoma affecting the lymph nodes. It may represent metastasis from a regressed dermal primary. (WHO 2017)


Lipomatous hamartoma

A benign hamartomatous lesion composed predominantly of adipose tissue.


Adenocarcinoma in situ in a polyp

An adenocarcinoma arising in a polyp.


Injury of ovary

Trauma to an ovary.


Appendix Tubular Adenoma

An adenoma arising from the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of tubular epithelial structures and it is associated with dysplasia.


Refractory Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Childhood acute myeloid leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Annoying Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that is bothersome and irritating.


Intraoperative Splenic Injury

Damage to the spleen during a surgical procedure.


Indolent T-Lymphoblastic Proliferation

A non-neoplastic T-cell lymphoproliferation that may mimic T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. It usually involves the lymphoid tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract. It recurs locally, but systemic dissemination is rare.


Stage IIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T3, N0, M0, Any G); (T1-2, N1, M0, Any G).  T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t (9;11) (p21.3; q23.3); MLLT3-MLL

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia with t (9;11) (p21.3; q23.3); MLLT3-MLL after a period of remission.


Recurrent Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of a lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


Recurrent Digestive System Carcinoma

The reemergence of carcinoma in any part of the digestive system after a period of remission.


Blennorrhagic arthritis

A form of reactive arthritis that is associated with lesions on both the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.


Metastatic Distal Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

Distal esophagus adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Glandular Differentiation

An invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder that exhibits glandular differentiation.


Congenital Unilateral Cataract

Cataract in one eye that is present at birth.


Keratitis caused by infection

Inflammation of the cornea secondary to an infectious process.


Craniopharyngioma malignant

A rare condition characterized by the development of a carcinoma in a pre-existing craniopharyngioma.


Stage III Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Juvenile Localized Scleroderma

Localized scleroderma presenting before the age of eighteen.


Selective Mutism

A persistent failure to speak in certain social situations (i.e., school) where speaking is expected, despite speaking in other situations.


Localized Carcinoma

A carcinoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Stage I Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I) or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site (IE). (from PDQ)


Gastric Pylorus Carcinoma In Situ AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis - mixed cellularity

Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma in which at least 75% of the tumor nodules contain scattered Reed-Sternberg cells. The background cellular infiltrate is lymphocytic, mixed, or fibrohistiocytic.


Recurrent T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

The reemergence of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


Cheilognathouranoschisis

A congenital abnormality consisting of a fissure in the midline of the lip, hard and/or soft palate and upper jaw.


Lymphocyte Predominant Type Hodgkin's Disease

An antiquated term that refers either to nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma or to lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma.


Fetomaternal Transfusion

Loss of fetal blood into the maternal circulation.


Cerebellar Peduncle Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the cerebellar peduncle.


Anal Hidradenoma Papilliferum

A benign neoplasm arising from the perianal sweat glands. It presents as a cystic nodular lesion and is characterized by the presence of cystic and papillary structures. The papillary structures contain connective tissue and are covered by two layers of epithelium.


Metastatic Low Grade Astrocytoma

Low grade astrocytoma that has spread from its primary site to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Vulvar Carcinoma

The reemergence of vulvar carcinoma after a period of remission.


Malignant neoplasm of stomach stage IV

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage 0 Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: In situ primary tumor. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on pathologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type recurrent

The reemergence of lymphocyte-depleted classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IB1 includes: T1b1, N0, M0. T1b1: Tumor measuring more than 5 mm in depth and equal or less than 2 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Locally Advanced Carcinoid Tumor

A carcinoid tumor that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Gemistocytic Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant

Gemistocytic astrocytoma carrying IDH mutations.


Pathologic Stage IV Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: T0-4, Any N, M1. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. M1: Distant metastasis microscopically confirmed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Vaginal Papillary Carcinoma

A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina resembling transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract.


Refractory Fallopian Tube Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Fallopian tube transitional cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Esophageal Infection

An infectious process affecting the esophagus.


Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chain Increased

A laboratory test result indicating higher than normal levels of immunoglobulin free light chain in the serum.


Leukoplakia of anus

The presence of a painless whitish patch on the anal mucosa.  Histologic examination reveals hyperkeratosis and acanthosis.


Stage II Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2a, N0, M0); (T2b, N0, M0). T2a: Tumor invades superficial muscularis propria (inner half). T2b: Tumor invades deep muscularis propria (outer half). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Idiopathic Ketotic Hypoglycemia

Ketotic hypoglycemia that usually occurs in young, thin children in association with infection or fasting, and which typically resolves by age 6-8 years.


Lacrimal Drainage System Exophytic Papilloma

A benign exophytic papillary neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal drainage system. It consists of fibrovascular cores lined by epithelial cells.


Abnormal Blood Chemistry and Hematology Test Result

A laboratory test result that indicates the presence of abnormal blood chemistry and/or hematology values.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage I subdiaphragmatic


Beta-2 Microglobulin Greater than 5.5 g/mL

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of high levels of beta-2 microglobulin in blood or urine, exceeding 5.5 g/mL.


Anal infection

An infectious process affecting the anal area.


Reserve Cell Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the immature cells located between the surface columnar epithelium and the basal layer.


Physical Entrapment

Patient becomes entangled or caught in a bed, particularly in side rails, or mattress, or head/foot boards.


Hodgkin's Disease, Lymphocyte Depletion, Reticular

A lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the presence of reticular fibrosis.


Lugano Classification Limited Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Limited stage Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Lugano classification criteria. It includes stages I, IE, II, and IIE. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lacrimal Gland Acinic Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare, low-grade, salivary gland-type carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal gland. It exhibits acinar differentiation.


Urethral Infection

A bacterial, viral, or fungal infectious process affecting the urethra.


Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia-2

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate epithelial atypia.


Recurrent Malignant Brain Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant brain neoplasm after a period of remission.


Rare Diseases

A disease that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.


Ann Arbor Stage II Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot that is attached to or near an artificial heart valve; this can cause dysfunction of the valve, and possibly lead to an embolic event should the thrombus become dislodged.


Vulvar Dysplastic Melanocytic Nevus

A rare, elevated and pigmented, compound or junctional nevus that arises from the vulva. It affects women in their reproductive years and may be associated with the presence of dysplastic nevi in other anatomic areas. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid or spindle-shaped melanocytes exhibiting nuclear pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli.


Borderline Ovarian Serous Papillary Cystic Tumor

A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of papillary proliferations of atypical serous epithelial cells and a cystic component.  There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


Unresectable Malignant Gastric Neoplasm

A malignant gastric neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Trophoblastic Differentiation

A variant of infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of trophoblastic differentiation within the carcinoma.


Metastatic NUT Carcinoma

NUT carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Peritoneal Sarcomatosis

A condition in which a sarcoma has spread extensively throughout the peritoneum.


Dehiscence

A splitting open of an anatomical structure, zone, or organ with the exposure or discharge of its content.


Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-Altered

A diffuse midline glioma characterized by H3 K27 alteration and usually either a histone H3 K27M mutation, an EGFR mutation, or aberrant overexpression of EZHIP. The prognosis is poor.


Refractory WHO Grade 2 Glioma

WHO grade 2 glioma that is resistant to treatment.


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Plasmacytoid Variant

Bladder plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Chest Pain in Right Second Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the second intercostal space on the right side.


Non-Neoplastic Mediastinal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the structures of the mediastinum.  Representative examples include mediastinitis and thymic hyperplasia.


Cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis resulting from an infection with cytomegalovirus.


Mixed Trophoblastic Tumor

A gestational trophoblastic tumor characterized by the presence of two or three histological types of gestational trophoblastic tumor, including choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor.


Stage 0 Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Neuropathy, Recurrent, with Pressure Palsies

An autosomal dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the PMP22 gene, encoding peripheral myelin protein 22. Neuropathy is precipitated by mechanical compression on a nerve, typically with onset in the first and second decades.


Stage III Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA: (Any T, N1a, M0) and IIIB: (Any T, N1b/N2, M0).  N1a: Micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  N1b: Macrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  N2: In transit metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IIA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Fibrohistiocytic Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of fibrohistiocytic cells, spindle fibroblastic cells, and histiocytes, in a storiform pattern.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIB includes: T2b, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion but not up to the pelvic wall. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Unresectable Sarcoma

A sarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Decreased NCF1 Expression

An indication that the expression of NCF1 is lower than the normal range of values.


Stage II Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, M0. T2: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm in which the tumor extends to other genital structures (ovary, tube, vagina, broad ligaments) by metastasis or direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Smoldering Systemic Mastocytosis with an Associated Hematological Neoplasm

Smoldering systemic mastocytosis associated with the presence of a clonal non-mast cell hematologic neoplasm (e.g., myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myeloproliferative disorder, acute myeloid leukemia, and lymphoma).


Human papillomavirus negative squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma not associated with human papilloma virus infection.


Stage II Cervical Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: II (T2, N0, M0); IIA (T2a, N0, M0); IIB (T2b, N0, M0). T2: Cervical carcinoma invades beyond uterus but not to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T2a: Tumor without parametrial invasion. T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Recurrent Anal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of anal mucinous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Prostate Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of prostate carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


PALB2-Associated Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm caused by deleterious germline mutation in the PALB2 gene. This mutation is associated with the development of breast carcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma.


Maternal Proteinuria

The presence of excessive protein, chiefly albumin but also globulin, in the urine of a pregnant woman.


Liver Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF.


Pancreatic Moderately Differentiated Ductal Adenocarcinoma

A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of medium-sized duct-like structures and small malignant tubular glandular structures.


Esophageal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of esophageal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Type I Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

A classification of primary endometrial adenocarcinomas that refers to endometrioid adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma.


Stage 0 Vulvar Carcinoma

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ (preinvasive carcinoma. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Retention cyst

A cyst that is formed because of the blockage of the duct of a glandular organ. This results in the retention of the glandular secretions.


Hemolytic disease of fetus OR newborn due to ABO immunization

A condition of the newborn characterized by the destruction of red blood cells initiated by the transmission of anti-A or anti-B antibodies from a mother to the child via the placenta against A or B antigens of the newborn's blood.


Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic in the Soft Tissue

A carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland and has spread to the soft tissues.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IIIA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T0-2, N1, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to viscera

A malignant neoplasm which has spread from its original site of growth to any visceral site.


Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia not associated with cytogenetic abnormalities.


Adenocarcinoma in tubulovillous adenoma

A non-invasive or invasive adenocarcinoma arising from a tubulovillous adenoma.


Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst

An odontogenic cyst that is entirely or predominantly lined by orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. (WHO 2017)


Breast Solid Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the breast.  It is characterized by the presence of cellular solid nests and trabeculae that contain spindle-shaped, plasmacytoid, and large neuroendocrine cells.


Primary Meningeal Melanocytic Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant circumscribed or diffuse neoplasm that arises from melanocytes in the leptomeninges.  It includes meningeal melanocytoma, meningeal melanoma, meningeal melanocytoma of intermediate grade, and meningeal melanocytosis.


Lugano Classification Stage IV Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or noncontiguous extralymphatic organ involvement in conjunction with nodal stage II disease; or any extralymphatic organ involvement in nodal stage III disease. Stage IV includes any involvement of the CSF, bone marrow, liver, or lungs (other than by direct extension in stage IIE disease). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Gastric infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the stomach.


Anal Inflammatory Cloacogenic Polyp

A non-neoplastic polypoid lesion that arises from the anal transitional zone.  It is characterized by the presence of hyperplastic rectal mucosa that is partially covered by squamous or transitional epithelium.


Peritoneal and retroperitoneal disorders

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the peritoneum and/or retroperitoneum.


Recurrent Childhood Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

The reemergence of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T2b, Any N, M0. T2b: Cervical carcinoma invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina with parametrial invasion. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Single Ventricle Defect

A diverse group of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities that share one characteristic, the presence of a single functional cardiac ventricle.


Non-Neoplastic Digestive System Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, anus, liver, biliary system, and pancreas. Representative examples include infections, ulcers, cirrhosis, and diverticulosis.


Second Primary Tumor

A new primary neoplasm that occurs in a person who was previously diagnosed with another primary neoplasm.


Infiltrating Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma with Mixed Differentiation


Metastatic non-small cell carcinoma

Non-small cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Malignant Visual Pathway Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the visual pathway.


Metastatic Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma

Carcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater and has spread to another anatomic site.


Firearm Injury

An injury sustained by a gun.


Sternotomy Scar

Replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue due to a surgical procedure where a vertical inline incision is made along the sternum, after which the sternum itself is divided. (ACC/AHA)


Refractory Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

A histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IIC Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Primary tumor invades bone, muscle, fascia, or cartilage.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Nail Matrix Nevus

An acral nevus that arises from the nail matrix.


Lugano Classification Stage II Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Pathologic Stage IVA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N2, M0, Any G); (T4b, N0-2, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G). T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Epilepsy congenital

A seizure disorder that is present at the time of birth.


Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Tumor involves lower third of vagina, no extension to pelvic wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Injury to spleen with open wound into cavity

Trauma to the spleen associated with a break in the tissue that extends into the abdominal cavity.


Appendix Tubulovillous Adenoma

An adenoma arising from the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of tubular and villous epithelial structures and it is associated with dysplasia.


Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis.


Unspecified dermatitis due to sun

Inflammation of the skin resulting from exposure to the sun.


Stage III Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: Any pT/TX, Any N, M1, SX. TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. M1: Testicular cancer with distant metastasis. SX: Marker studies not available or not performed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Benign Musculoskeletal Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from muscles or bones.


Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of koilocytosis and disorganization and thickening of the basal layer.


Localized Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that is restricted to the site of origin without evidence of metastasis.


Fine motor delay

Delayed acquisition of age appropriate motor milestones that produce small and precise movements.


Recurrent Malignant Endocervical Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant neoplasm of the endocervix after a period of remission.


Stage IA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, M0, Risk factors: low risk.  T1: Tumor confined to uterus.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Sclerodermatous Graft Versus Host Disease

A rare form of chronic graft-versus-host disease characterized by cutaneous features and/or mucocutaneous features including sclerosis, atrophy, and contractures. It may manifest as localized or generalized disease.


Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-1

A chronic myelomonocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of less than 10 percent blasts in the bone marrow and less than 5 percent blasts in the peripheral blood.


Stage 0 Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0).  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Differentiated Granulocytic Sarcoma

A granulocytic sarcoma composed of promyelocytes and more mature neutrophils (WHO 2001).


Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis

A rare malignant mesothelioma that arises from the tunica vaginalis.


Celosomy

A developmental abnormality characterized by the complex protrusion of viscera outside the abdominal wall.


Phobia, School

An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of attending school.


Diffuse Mixed-Cell Lymphoma

An antiquated term referring to non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a mixed cellular composition. This term applies to both B- and T- cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


Agonizing Pain

A sensation of great anguish and suffering.


Recurrent Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Intrahepatic Bile Duct Microcystic Adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the intrahepatic bile ducts and it is characterized by the presence of microcystic changes.


Refractory WHO Grade 3 Glioma

A WHO grade 3 glioma that is resistant to treatment.


Non-Hematologic Malignancy

A malignant neoplasm that arises from a site other than the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue.


Pathologic Stage II Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2b, N0, M0); (T3a, N0, M0); IIB: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0); IIC: (T4b, N0, M0). T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IC Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IC includes: T1c, N0, M0. T1c: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tubes, with any of the following: surgical spill, capsule ruptured before surgery or tumor on fallopian tube surface, or malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma

A gastric adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with Small Glands, Tubules or Cords


Unresectable Vulvar Carcinoma

Vulvar carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v6

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0) and IB: (T1, N1, M0); (Ta/b, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria or the subserosa.  T2a: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T2b: Tumor invades subserosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 6 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 7 to 15 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Esophageal Mass

An abnormal growth located in the esophagus.


Stage I Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less and is confined within the sphincter of Oddi. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Neuronevus

An intradermal nevus characterized by the presence of nests of atrophic nevus cells which are hyalinized and resemble nerve bundles.


Late effect of radiation

Late radiation injury (LRI) is the damage to the soft tissue and bone following radiation therapy that occurs weeks and years after the radiation exposure. Pathogenesis of LRI stems from ischemia, interruption of the blood supply and direct cell damage. LRIs include but not limited to the skin atrophy, ulceration and non-healing wounds; cystitis, proctosigmoiditis, resulting to fistulas, abscesses, fibrosis and scaring; laryngitis, osteoradionecrosis; central nervous system injury, optic neuropathy.


MGMT-Unmethylated Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma characterized by the absence of DNA methylation in the promoter region of the MGMT gene. It is associated with a poor outcome.


Benign Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that affects the peritoneum and/or retroperitoneum.


Metastatic Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IIIA Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T3a, T3b, T4a, N0, M0); (T1-T4a, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue). T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue. T3a: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue, microscopically. T3b: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue, macroscopically (extravesical mass). T4a: Extravesical tumor invades directly into prostatic stroma, uterus, vagina. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Moderate Grade Fever

Body temperature ranging between 102.1 degrees Fahrenheit (39 degrees Celsius) and 103.9 degrees Fahrenheit (39.9 degrees Celsius).


Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by agoraphobia in the absence of a history of panic attacks; the individual fears incapacitation or humiliation in open, public places or situations due to panic-like symptoms rather than a full-blown panic attack.


Esophageal Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve either the lower or both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal glandular epithelium.


Cervical Yolk Sac Tumor

A yolk sac tumor that arises from the cervix. Patients present with abnormal vaginal bleeding and a polypoid, friable mass, protruding into the vagina.


Enterovesical Fistula

An abnormal communication between the urinary bladder and the intestine.


Pathologic Stage II Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: pT4, pN0, cM0, Any H. pT4: Evidence of extraocular tumor: tumor at the transected end of the optic nerve, tumor in the meningeal spaces around the optic nerve, full-thickness invasion of the sclera with invasion of the episclera, adjacent adipose tissue, extraocular muscle, bone, conjunctiva, or eyelids. pN0: No lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Urethral Cancer

The reemergence of urethral carcinoma after a period of remission


Neuroendocrine carcinoma, metastatic

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Mental disorder in childhood

A category of psychiatric disorders which includes disorders most commonly identified in infancy, childhood, or adolescence.


Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Unclassifiable, with Single Lineage Dysplasia

Myelodysplastic syndrome, unclassifiable characterized by unilineage dysplasia and associated pancytopenia.


Stage I Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades urethral subepithelial connective tissue immediately underlying the urothelium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


malignant neoplasm of lacrimal apparatus

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the lacrimal gland or the lacrimal drainage system.


Recurrent Tectal Glioma

The reemergence of tectal glioma after a period of remission.


Supratentorial Ependymoma, Not Elsewhere Classified

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises from the supratentorial region of the brain, characterized by the absence of a fusion gene involving ZFTA or YAP1 genes.


Systemic disease

A clinical course finding indicating that a disease presents with systemic manifestations.


Secondary Supratentorial Anaplastic Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma occurring in the supratentorial area secondary to a preexisting tumor.


neoplasm of corpus callosum

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the corpus callosum.


Steroid Refractory Graft Versus Host Disease

Graft versus host disease that does not respond to steroid treatment.


Lugano Classification Stage II Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma

A benign adnexal tumor occurring in the face of young female subjects. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial neoplastic cells and keratinous cysts in a desmoplastic stroma.


Ampulla of Vater Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Blastic Phase

Sudden increase of the number of blasts in the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood in a patient with a history of chronic leukemia.


Defective Heavy Chain Present

An indication that cells expressing a mutated or defective form of immunoglobulin heavy chain have been detected in a sample.


Locally Advanced Melanoma

Melanoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Familial Paraganglioma

A familial neoplasm arising from paraganglia.  The majority of cases (up to 80%) are multifocal. It is caused by mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD genes.


Malignant Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

A malignant germ cell tumor that affects the structures within the cranium.


Central Nervous System Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the central nervous system.


Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Associated with Urethral Carcinoma

Infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder which is associated with the presence of in situ or infiltrating urethral carcinoma.


Flexural Skin Nevus

A benign nevus occurring in the flexural skin.


FIGO Grade 2 Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that contains 6-50% non-squamous solid areas.


Acute Placental Infarction

A focus of necrotic placental parenchyma with clearly visible outlines of necrotic villous structures and absence of any hyalinization and fibrosis, which is frequently 1-2 days of duration.


Recurrent Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Cerebellar Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors

Glioneuronal and neuronal tumors occurring in the cerebellum.


Radiation Induced DNA Damage

Damage to DNA caused by ionizing radiation.  Can cause base change mutations or strand breakage.


Temporal Lobe Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

A pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma that arises from the temporal lobe of the brain.


Refractory Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube endometrioid adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Intermediate Osteoclastic Giant Cell-Rich Tumor of Bone

A benign but locally aggressive giant cell tumor that arises from the bone.


Stage IB Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: (T1, N0, M0, G2-3, Tumor location: Any); (T2-3, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Lower, X). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus. For adenocarcinoma: (T1, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2, GX).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: Any T, Any N, M1, Any G, Tumor location: Any.  For adenocarcinoma: Any T, Any N, M1, Any G. M1: Distant metastasis.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Sleep Disorder due to General Medical Condition

A sleep disorder (insomnia, hypersomnia, or parasomnia) for which there is strong physiological evidence that the disorder is etiologically linked to a general medical condition.


Advanced Uterine Corpus Cancer

Uterine corpus cancer that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Localized Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the pancreas and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Recurrent Malignant Lymphoid Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant lymphoid neoplasm after a period of remission.


Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Disseminated

Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting with disseminated disease.


Claudin-Low

A genetic profile indicating low expression of cellular tight junction proteins, including E-cadherin, which is often associated with triple-negative breast cancer and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.


Cutaneous Melanoma of the Extremity

A cutaneous melanoma that arises from the upper or lower extremity.


Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Unclassifiable, With 1 Percent Blasts

Myelodysplastic syndrome, unclassifiable characterized by refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia or refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia but with 1 percent blasts in the peripheral blood.


Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

A rapidly growing serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of high grade cytologic features and frequent mitotic figures.


Occipital Diastasis

Birth trauma caused by excessive pressure to the suboccipital region of the skull resulting in separation of the occipital squama from the lateral or condylar parts of the occipital bone. It is a serious injury that may lead to subdural hemorrhage in the posterior fossa.


Adrenocortical hyperplasia

Congenital or acquired hyperplasia of the cells of the adrenal cortex.


Mucocele

A mucous containing cyst arising from the minor salivary glands in the oral cavity.


Vaginal abscess

An abscess that is located in the vagina.


Malignant tumor of optic nerve

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the optic nerve.


Bacillary Peliosis

An infection that is caused by Bartonella henselae, which occurs primarily in immunocompromised persons; it is characterized by blood-filled cysts in the liver and spleen.


Multifocal nodular oncocytic hyperplasia of salivary gland

A rare lesion characterized by multiple non-neoplastic nodular proliferations composed of cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm (oncocytes) and/or clear cytoplasm (clear cells) in one or both parotid glands. (WHO 2017)


COVID-19-Associated Myalgia

Myalgia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Stage IIB Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Placental Malformation

A non-neoplastic abnormality that affects the placenta. Representative examples include multi-lobed and bilobed placenta.


Childhood Infectious Disorder

An infectious disorder that occurs in childhood.


Acute gonococcal infection, of upper genitourinary tract

A gonococcal infection of the upper urinary tract that is rapid in onset.


Lipidized Glioblastoma

A rare glioblastoma characterized by the presence of a predominant population of neoplastic cells with foamy cytoplasm.


Maternal Sepsis

A pathologic response to infection in a mother or pregnant woman.


Lugano Classification Advanced Stage Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Advanced stage childhood Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Lugano classification criteria. It includes stages III and IV. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IV Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1, Any G.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Chest Wall Mass

An abnormal growth in the chest wall.


Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Gastric-Type

A rare mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from gastric metaplasia of the endometrium.


Abnormal Growth Hormone

A laboratory test result which indicates abnormal levels of growth hormone in a biologic specimen.


Adult Anaplastic (Malignant) Meningioma

An anaplastic (malignant) meningioma occurring in adults.


Neonatal Listeriosis

A bacterial infection by Listeria monocytogenes in a newborn infant up to 28 days old.


Late effect of medical intervention

Any symptom or condition which is a result of a medical intervention but arises months or years after it.


Cutaneous Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the skin.


Serous papillary cystic tumor of borderline malignancy

A low malignant potential cystic serous epithelial neoplasm arising from the ovary. Cases with identical morphology have been described arising from the peritoneum as well. It is characterized by an atypical epithelial proliferation and a papillary growth pattern. There is no evidence of destructive stromal invasion.


Stage I Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Executive dysfunction

Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral difficulties that often occur in conjunction with frontal lobe disorders, including traumatic injury and dementia. It is also a feature of attention deficit disorder and other non-trauma-induced conditions.


Virus-Related Malignant Neoplasm

This category currently includes only malignancies in which there is a well documented association between the neoplastic process and a specific virus as a causative agent.


Low Hemoglobin Level

A lower than average level of hemoglobin in a sample.


Oligometastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Bone Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of bone cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Non-Neoplastic Heart Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the heart and/or the pericardium.  Representative examples include congestive heart disease, endocarditis, and constrictive pericarditis.


Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma measuring more than 5 mm in depth and equal or less than 4 cm in maximum diameter. (FIGO 2009)


Radiating Chest Pain in Upper Sternum

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the upper portion of the sternum.


Death by strangulation

Choking or arrest of respiration due to occlusion of the air passages; arrest of circulation in a part due to compression.


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage III

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process characterized by the presence of mild dysplastic cytological changes which are usually present in the lower part of the squamous epithelium.  Representative examples include the low grade esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, low grade cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, low grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, and low grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.


Chest Pain Along Right Anterior Axillary Line

The location of the chest pain is along the anterior axillary line on the right side.


Radiating Chest Pain in Mid Sternum

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the middle portion of the sternum.


intestinal type adenocarcinoma of gallbladder

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic tubular glands lined by columnar cells or neoplastic glands lined by goblet cells.


Stage IA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Lesion measuring 2 cm or less, confined to the vulva and/or perineum, and with stromal invasion of 1.0 mm or less. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Disorder of Androgen Synthesis

An enzyme deficiency in the androgen biosynthesis pathway, resulting in the underproduction of one or more androgens by the adrenal glands and/or gonads.


Stage IIA Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T1, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Prostate Carcinoma

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0, G1.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.  N0: No regional metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia) (Gleason 2-4).  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A malignant neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation. It is characterized by the presence of atypical round to spindle-shaped cells, increased cellularity, necrotic change and high mitotic activity.


Recurrent Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

The reemergence of dedifferentiated liposarcoma after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the central nervous system and has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Injury to diaphragm without mention of open wound into cavity

Trauma to the diaphragm without indication of associated damage to the skin and other internal and external tissues.


Prostate Basal Cell Carcinoma

An invasive prostate carcinoma composed of prostatic basal cells.


Immune-Mediated Coagulopathy

Disorders of coagulation caused by autoantibodies generated against native coagulation factors or therapeutically-administered hemostatic agents.


Mesenteric thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of a mesenteric vein or mesenteric artery.


Optic Nerve Injuries

Injury to the optic nerve.


Stage IVB Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis including inguinal lymph nodes, lung, liver, bone, or intraperitoneal metastases. Metastases to pelvic or paraaortic lymph nodes, or vagina are excluded. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Stage I Low Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Breast Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm arising from the breast.


Adult Myxopapillary Ependymoma

A myxopapillary ependymoma that occurs during adulthood.


Lugano Classification Stage IE Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IE: Single extralymphatic site in the absence of nodal involvement (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Diffuse Astrocytoma, IDH-Wildtype

Diffuse astrocytoma lacking mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 genes.


Infectious Meningoencephalitis

Inflammation of the meninges and brain caused by an infectious agent.


Nodular Sclerosis Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma, Syncytial Variant


Breast Ductal Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the epithelial cells in the breast ducts. It includes the atypical ductal hyperplasia, papillary intraductal hyperplasia, intraductal myoepitheliosis, and ductal hyperplasia of the usual type.


Secondary Parathyroid Gland Hyperplasia

Parathyroid gland hyperplasia that occurs in response to physiological stimuli (e.g., vitamin D deficiency, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia).


High Calcium Level

A higher than average level of calcium in a sample.


Metastatic Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises in the female reproductive system and has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Locally Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma

Esophageal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Childhood Anaplastic Ependymoma

An anaplastic ependymoma that occurs during childhood.


Tumor of the Thecoma/Fibroma Group

A sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the ovary or the testis. Representative examples include fibroma, fibrosarcoma, and thecoma.


Fat adherence syndrome

Violation of Tenon's capsule with prolapse of orbital fat into the sub-Tenon's space.


Stage I Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, without ulceration and mitosis less than 1/mm2.  T1b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, with ulceration or mitoses equal to or more than 1/mm2. T2a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Locally Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Non-Functioning Neuroendocrine Tumor

A non-functioning neuroendocrine tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Urethrotrigonitis

Inflammation of both the urethra and the trigone of the urinary bladder.


Lugano Classification Stage III Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm; nodes above the diaphragm with spleen involvement. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage III Ureter Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into periureteric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Injury of diaphragm

Trauma to the thoracic diaphragm.


Meningioangiomatosis

A rare vascular malformation in the cerebral cortex and overlying leptomeninges.  It can occur sporadically or in association with neurofibromatosis type 2.


Unresectable Lymphoma

Lymphoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Deletion of the Short Arm of Chromosome 1 (1p) Associated Meningioma

A meningioma that is associated with deletion of chromosomal arm 1p.


Cockade nevus

A rare speckled nevus with concentric pattern of pigmentation and central papule surrounded by clear zone.


Localized Malignant Brain Neoplasm

A malignant brain neoplasm that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


DDIT4L Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A gene expression subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by its expression level of the DDIT4L gene.


Drug/Toxin-Induced Aplastic Anemia

Bone marrow failure defined as pancytopenia, due to exposure to a known toxin or drug.


Germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder caused by Human herpesvirus 8

A monotypic HHV8-positive lymphoproliferative disorder that usually occurs in HIV-negative individuals. It is characterized by the presence of HHV8-positive plasmablasts partially or completely replacing germinal centers. Coinfection with EBV is characteristic. In most cases, there is a favorable response to chemotherapy or radiation. (WHO 2017)


Unresectable Cervical Adenocarcinoma

Cervical adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


AIDS-Related Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in HIV-positive patients.  It is composed of a mixture of lymphocytes of various sizes.


Vaginal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the vagina.


Vulvar Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of vulvar carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Adnexal Cribriform Carcinoma

A rare indolent adnexal carcinoma with a cribriform pattern.


Pancreatic Poorly Cohesive Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the pancreas and is characterized by the presence of isolated malignant cells or malignant cells that form small aggregates.


Columnar Cell Change of the Breast

A columnar cell lesion characterized by the presence of enlarged terminal ductal lobular units with dilated acini.  The acini are lined by one or two layers of columnar epithelial cells.  Apical cytoplasmic snouts may be present, but they are not prominent.  Secretions may be present in the lumina of the dilated acini.


Locally Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Recurrent Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Appendix Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of appendiceal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition. Carcinoid tumors are staged separately. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Extra Lumbar Vertebra

A congenital anomaly of the spine, where an extra or supernumerary lumbar vertebra arises from below the 5th lumbar vertebra.


Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer

Stage IB1 includes: T1b1, N0, M0.  T1b1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage III Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0, G3, G4. T3: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Deficiency of reductase

A deficiency in an enzyme that promotes reduction of an organic compound.


Stage IV Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor


Transient hyperinsulinism that occurs in response to neonatal stress resulting in prolonged neonatal hypoglycemia, which is distinct from transitional hypoglycemia of typical infants.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising from Previous Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

An acute myeloid leukemia developing in patients with a prior history of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm.


Lacrimal Drainage System Melanoma

An extremely rare melanoma that arises from the lacrimal drainage system.


Metallosis

Aseptic fibrosis or local necrosis secondary to metal corrosion and release of wear debris.


AIDS-Related Malignant Neoplasm

Malignant neoplasms that develop in HIV infected patients.  The most common AIDS-related malignant neoplasms are Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, anal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma.


Unresectable Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

Acral lentiginous melanoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Locally Advanced Vaginal Carcinoma

Vaginal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Cervical Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cervical cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Disseminated Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

Juvenile xanthogranuloma disseminated to extracutaneous sites including mucosal surfaces, lung, central nervous system, pituitary, lymph nodes, eye, liver, and bone marrow. It is characterized by the presence of lipid-laden, foamy histiocytes and Touton-type giant cells forming nodules in the affected anatomic sites.


Stage II Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3,N0, M0).  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to stomach

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the stomach from another organ or system, or from another primary gastric tumor. The primary gastric tumor is not in continuity with the metastatic lesion.  Representative examples of metastatic malignant neoplasms to the stomach include breast, lung, and esophageal metastatic carcinomas and melanomas.


Small cell glioblastoma

A morphologic variant of glioblastoma characterized by the presence of a highly proliferative and monotonous population of malignant small glial cells.


Acquired Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the cause of which is not present from birth.


Metastatic Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma

Urethral urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Childhood Lymphoma by AJCC v8 Stage

Staging systems for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas of childhood. Different systems are used for Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma of childhood. Staging of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma is the same as for the adult counterpart and is based on the Lugano classification criteria. The Ann Arbor staging system has been found to be inappropriate for staging of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas of childhood. The St. Jude staging system has been widely accepted and remains the recommended staging system for non-Hodgkin lymphomas of childhood. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy

Partial or complete paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to extrahepatic bile ducts

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the extrahepatic bile ducts from another anatomic site.  Representative examples include metastatic melanoma and metastatic breast and gastric carcinomas.


Cutaneous epithelioid angiomatoid nodule

A distinctive benign cutaneous vascular proliferation with prominent epithelioid morphology. It appears to be reactive. (WHO 2018)


Stage IIIC Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIIC includes: IIIC1: TX, T0, T1-3, N1, M0; IIIC2: TX, T0, T1-3, N2, M0. TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor strictly confined to the cervix (extension to corpus should be disregarded). T2: Tumor invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T3: Tumor extending to pelvic sidewall and/or involving the lower third of vagina, and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. The pelvic sidewall is defined as the muscle, fascia, neurovascular structures, and skeletal portions of the bony pelvis. Cases with no cancer-free space between the tumor and pelvic wall by rectal examination are FIGO III. N1: Tumor with regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes only. N2: Tumor with regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Cervical Microglandular Hyperplasia

A benign endocervical gland proliferation characterized by the presence of closely packed glands composed of columnar to cuboidal cells with subnuclear mucin vacuoles. It is associated with progestins or pregnancy.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Ampulla of Vater Somatostatin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region.  It produces somatostatin.


Recurrent Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

The reemergence of adenoid cystic carcinoma after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma

A cervical carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Unresectable Plexiform Neurofibroma

Plexiform neurofibroma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Prostate Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of prostate cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the prostate gland. It does not apply to sarcomas, urothelial cell carcinomas, and urothelial carcinoma of bladder involving prostate. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Transitional cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Infection

The invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents and their multiplication, as well as the reaction by the host to these organisms and/or toxins that the organisms produce.


Refractory Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Dermatitis

Dermatitis associated with the therapeutic use of an immune checkpoint inhibitor.


Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms

A primary, noninvasive, slow growing neoplasm of the brain that occurs above the cerebellar tentorium.  Representative examples include craniopharyngioma, meningioma and pituitary adenoma.


Desmoplastic Myxoid Tumor of the Pineal Region, SMARCB1-Mutant

A SMARCB1-deficient tumor of the brain arising in the pineal region. It is characterized by the presence of spindled and epithelioid cells with low-grade morphology that are embedded in a desmoplastic stroma alternating with various extents of loose myxoid matrix.


Death by electrocution

The passage of electrical current through the body.


Platinum-Resistant Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant female reproductive system neoplasm that progresses between one and six months of completing the last platinum therapy.


Lymphomatoid Papulosis with DUSP22-IRF4 Gene Rearrangement

A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis associated with chromosomal rearrangements involving the DUSP22-IRF4 locus at 6p25.3.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIB includes: T2b, N0, M0.  T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Recurrent Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive

The reemergence of chronic myelogenous leukemia after a period of remission.


Mass lesion of brain

A benign or malignant solid pathologic process involving the brain and/or the meninges.


Disorder of AMH

Abnormally high or low anti-Müllerian hormone levels.


Squamous cell carcinoma with horn formation

A keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of horn pearls. Representative examples include squamous cell carcinomas of the face presenting as a cutaneous horn.


Hamartoma of brain

A hamartoma that occurs in the brain.


Congenital Reproductive System Abnormality

A disorder that affects the female or male reproductive system and is present at birth. Representative examples include ovarian agenesis, vaginal agenesis, and penile agenesis.


Secondary Central Nervous System Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that has spread to the central nervous system following the initial presentation in another nodal or extranodal site.


Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A primary central nervous system neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Prostate Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Solid Pattern

A prostate ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cribriform and/or papillary patterns and areas of solid nests of malignant cells.


Parapharyngeal abscess

An abscess that develops in the soft tissues of the lateral pharyngeal space.


Locally Advanced Ocular Melanoma

Ocular melanoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues.


Chest Pain in Left Fifth Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the fifth intercostal space on the left side.


Refractory Malignant Leptomeningeal Neoplasm

Malignant leptomeningeal neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Bone Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of appendicular skeleton, trunk, skull, and facial bones cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma/myofibroid sarcoma, chordoma, adamantinoma, and other cancers arising in the bone. It does not apply to primary malignant lymphoma of the bone and multiple myeloma. There are no AJCC prognostic stage groupings for spine and pelvis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Intraoperative Musculoskeletal Injury

Damage to any part of the musculoskeletal system during a surgical procedure.


Lugano Classification Stage IV Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or noncontiguous extralymphatic organ involvement in conjunction with nodal stage II disease; or any extralymphatic organ involvement in nodal stage III disease. Stage IV includes any involvement of the bone marrow, liver, or lungs (other than by direct extension in stage IIE disease). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Low Grade Fallopian Tube Serous Adenocarcinoma

A slow-growing serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of low grade cytologic features and infrequent mitotic figures.


Pharmacokinetic Effect Consequences

The outcome that results from chemical interactions between a drug and another drug or food.


Ivory Exostosis

An osteoma that develops on the surface of the bone.


Recurrent Low Grade Fallopian Tube Serous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of low grade fallopian tube serous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Decreased Drug AUC

Decreased area under the plot of plasma concentration of a drug against time after drug administration.


Minimal Deviation Melanoma

A melanocytic neoplasm displaying morphologic features that are intermediate between those of benign nevus and melanoma.  It is characterized by a nodular architectural growth resembling a melanoma, and a loss of nevus cell maturation.  The melanocytic cells forming the nodular growth are uniform, and they may display a high mitotic rate, but they do not show cytologic atypia.


Benign Adult Cerebral Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm of the cerebrum occurring in adults.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina and measuring more than 4 cm in diameter. (FIGO 2009)


Prostate Acinar Adenocarcinoma, Pleomorphic Giant Cell Variant

An extremely rare variant of acinar prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of giant, bizarre anaplastic cells with pleomorphic nuclei and lack of a spindle cell component.


FIGO Stage IVA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Cusp tear

A split located on a leaflet of a heart valve that prevents its complete closing, which can result in valvular dysfunction.


Papillary squamous cell carcinoma, non-invasive

A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary, exophytic growth pattern, hyperkeratosis, and absence of invasion of adjacent tissues.


Ampullary Noninvasive Pancreatobiliary Papillary Neoplasm with Low Grade Dysplasia

An ampullary noninvasive papillary neoplasm of the pancreatobiliary type characterized by the presence of low grade dysplasia.


Refractory Neoplastic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

Neoplastic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder that is resistant to treatment.


AHL Amyloidosis

An extremely rare type of amyloidosis characterized by the monoclonal deposition of immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain fragments in organs and tissues.


Bone Rosai-Dorfman Disease

Rosai-Dorfman disease affecting the bone.


Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Related to Birth

Bleeding within the subarachnoid space occurring during labor and/or delivery.


Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Neoplasm, malignant, uncertain whether primary or metastatic

A malignant neoplasm in which the examined tissue can not be determined with certainty if it represents the primary site of tumor growth or tumor spread from another anatomic site.


Non-Neoplastic Brain Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the brain. Representative examples include cerebrovascular disorder, hydrocephalus, and encephalitis.


Stage II Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T1, N0, M0, G3, G4); IIB (T2, N0, M0, G3, G4).  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Unresectable Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma

Urethral urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage I Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Florid Follicular Hyperplasia Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

An early lesion of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with the morphologic appearance of florid follicular hyperplasia.


Migrainous infarction

Migraine associated with an ischemic brain lesion.


Malignant Hair Follicle Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the hair follicle and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Pathologic Stage IIIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T1-4, N1b-3, M0. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N1b: Clinically and/or radiologically detected regional lymph node metastasis, microscopically confirmed. N2: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) without lymph node metastasis. N3: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) with lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Acute promyelocytic leukemia - hypogranular variant

Acute promyelocytic leukemia in which the promyelocytes in the peripheral blood have paucity or absence of cytoplasmic granules and characteristic bilobed nuclei.


Prostate Acinar Adenocarcinoma, Oncocytic Variant

A variant of acinar prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant large cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Meningeal Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive

Infiltration of the meninges by chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.


Stage IV Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Congenital listeriosis

A bacterial infection by Listeria monocytogenes that is present at birth.


Contact dermatitis due to alkali

Contact dermatitis caused by exposure to alkalis.


Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

A B-or T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of a diffuse large cell lymphocytic infiltrate occurring in adults.


Aplastic anemia due to radiation

Aplastic anemia caused by excessive absorption of radiation by the bone marrow.


Atypical Neurofibromatous Neoplasm of Uncertain Biologic Potential

A premalignant neurofibromatous neoplasm characterized by the presence of at least two of the following features: cytologic atypia, hypercellularity, less than 3 mitotic figures per 10 HPFs, and loss of neurofibroma architecture. It is associated with an increased risk of progression to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.


Leukemia, Radiation-Induced

Leukemia that is caused by radiation.


Congenital anomaly of lens

Any anatomic abnormality or physiologic dysfunction of the lens of the eye that is present at the time of birth.


Average Body Weight Gain

The mean value of the amount of weight gained over a period of time.


Stage IIIB Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: T3, N2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus. For adenocarcinoma: T3, N2, M0, Any G. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Brief depressive adjustment reaction

Temporary maladaptive depressive signs and symptoms associated with a life event.


Epithelioid glioblastoma

An IDH-wildtype glioblastoma characterized by the presence of large epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, vesicular chromatin, and prominent nucleoli.


Arsenical keratosis

A hyperkeratotic skin lesion that occurs in patients who have been exposed to arsenic.


Radiating Chest Pain to Other Location

An indication that the chest pain radiates to a location other than those listed.


Stage I Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, M0. T1: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm in which the tumor is confined to uterus. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Round Cell Sarcoma with EWSR1-PATZ1 Gene Fusion

A group of rare round and spindle cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of EWSR1-PATZ1 gene fusion.


Unresectable Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Uterine Ligament Ependymoma

A rare neoplasm that arises from the broad or other uterine ligaments and shows ependymal differentiation.


Composite Gangliocytoma/Neuroma and Neuroendocrine Tumor

A usually indolent neuroendocrine neoplasm that almost exclusively arises in the second part of the duodenum. Rare sites of involvement include jejunum, pylorus, appendix, thymus, and lung. It is a triphasic tumor consisting of a mixture of epithelioid neuroendocrine cells, Schwann-like cells, and ganglion cell-like elements.


Stage 0 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis (HGD), N0, M0, G1,GX.  Tis: High-grade dysplasia.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Squamous Hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the squamous epithelial cells.


Dry Desquamation

A skin reaction characterized by scaling and pruritus.


Malignant Neoplasm of Lung - Multiple Primary Sites

Lung cancer comprising malignant neoplasms from two or more sites, as determined by clinicoopathological assessment.


Epigastric hernia

Protrusion of abdominal cavity contents or pre-peritoneal fat through the abdominal wall between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process.


Lacrimal Gland Warthin Tumor

A rare benign tumor that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by an oncocytic epithelial component and dense lymphoid stroma.


Benign Dermal Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the dermis.


Cutaneous Melanoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cutaneous melanoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Advanced Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma

An advanced Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis.


Non-Neoplastic Pleural Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pleura.  Representative examples include pleural infection and pneumothorax.


Trigeminal nerve palsy

Partial or complete paralysis of the trigeminal nerve.


Abnormal Cardiac Study

A history of having had an abnormal cardiac study.


Overt Stroke

A cerebral infarction that is evident by new neurological symptoms lasting greater than 24 hours or having an area of diffusion restriction or a T2 or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity on an MRI of the brain that was consistent with the neurological findings.


Placental Site Nodule and Plaque Occurring in the Fallopian Tube

A rare non-neoplastic trophoblastic disorder characterized by the presence of remnants of intermediate trophoblasts in the fallopian tube from a previous pregnancy.


Locally Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma

A pancreatic carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Childhood Acute Erythroid Leukemia

An acute erythroid leukemia occurring in children.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity stage I


Refractory Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial serous adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Lacrimal Drainage System Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac. It is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells that form cribriform, tubular, and solid patterns.


Recurrent Endometrial Dedifferentiated Carcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma after a period of remission.


Benign Adult Brain Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm of the brain occurring in adults.


Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation

Prostate adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Perforation

A hole or opening made through a membrane or other tissue or material.


Metastatic Platinum-Resistant Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A platinum-resistant malignant germ cell tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Adnexal Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

An adnexal carcinoma with ductal/glandular differentiation lacking specific histological features that would allow further classification. (WHO 2018)


A hematologic malignancy that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

The reemergence of endometrial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Complex endometrial hyperplasia without atypia

A hyperplasia characterized by excessive proliferation of endometrial cells, resulting in the formation of complex epithelial structures. Epithelial atypia is absent.


Adenoid cystic carcinoma metastatic

An adenoid cystic carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Epstein-Barr virus infection recurrent

An Epstein-Barr virus infection that has recurred after a period of remission.


Cervical myelocele

Herniation of spinal cord tissue and meninges through a defect in the cervical region of the vertebral column. The protrusion of the tissue is flush with the level of the skin surface.


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Lacrimal System

A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to the lacrimal gland or lacrimal drainage system.


Nutritional Hypophosphatemic Rickets

Hypophosphatemic rickets due to insufficient dietary phosphate intake or absorption.


Hyperlipasaemia

A laboratory test result which indicates increased levels of lipase in a biologic specimen.


Adult Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

A germ cell tumor that arises within the cranium and occurs during adulthood.


Basal-Like Prostate Carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma in which the CD49f signature is increased, the luminal markers and androgen receptor expression and signaling (androgen activity pathway) are not increased, and the proliferation score is higher than the luminal A prostate carcinoma.


Stage II Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor invades perimuscular connective tissue; no extension beyond serosa or into liver.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Gestational diabetes mellitus class A2

Carbohydrate intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy. Diagnosis from abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and abnormal fasting or post-prandial glucose levels. Euglycemia achieved with medication.


Stage II Intermediate Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor involving the serosa and/or adnexa (direct extension or metastasis). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Unresectable Digestive System Carcinoma

Digestive system carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Refractory Childhood Malignant Neoplasm

A childhood malignant neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


Cutaneous Melanoma by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

A term that refers to the pathologic staging of cutaneous melanoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


Current EBV Infection

Epstein-Barr virus infection is evident at the time of testing.


Infection pyogenic

An infection caused by pus-producing organisms.


Vasculitic ulcer

A circumscribed inflammatory lesion associated with underlying ischemic disease.


Third degree uterine prolapse

The uterus has descended below the level of the hymen and protrudes through the opening of the vagina.


Stage III Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage III includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor involves the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric artery.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Adverse event

Any unfavorable or unintended disease, sign, or symptom (including an abnormal laboratory finding) that is temporally associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, and that may or may not be considered related to the medical treatment or procedure. Such events can be related to the intervention, dose, route of administration, patient, or caused by an interaction with another drug(s) or procedure(s).


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Multilineage Dysplasia

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia after a period of remission.


Stage IVB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b, G2, G3, or GX. M1b: Intraperitoneal metastasis only, including peritoneal mucinous deposits containing tumor cells. G2: Moderately differentiated. G3: Poorly differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Non-Neoplastic Trigeminal Nerve Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder affecting the trigeminal nerve.


Serum Soluble Fas Ligand Level Increased

An indication that the concentration of soluble Fas ligand in a sample has increased when compared to a normal baseline or a previous sample measurement.


Unresectable Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Edema Trunk

Swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in trunk area.


Pelvic Floor Disorders

A disorder affecting the muscles of the pelvic floor.


FIGO Stage IV Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Gestational trophoblastic tumor in all other metastatic sites.


Enteric campylobacteriosis

A gastrointestinal infection attributed to the bacteria campylobacter. It is usually contracted by consuming raw or undercooked poultry or consuming a food that has been in contact with raw poultry. It is characterized by abdominal pain, fever, and  diarrhea and usually resolves in two to five days.


Focal KATP-Associated Hyperinsulinism

KATP-associated hyperinsulinism in which there is an area of adenomatous beta-cell hyperplasia. This condition results from paternal recessive mutation(s) in either the ABCC8 or the KCNJ11 gene and paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome region 11p15 with loss of tumor suppressor genes expressed from the maternally inherited chromosome.


Locally Advanced High Grade Sarcoma

High grade sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Benign Childhood Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the central nervous system during childhood.


Stage II Non-Contiguous Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


FIGO Stage IIIB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Rhinovirus infection

An infectious process caused by rhinovirus. The virus usually causes upper respiratory infections, but can infect the lower tract as well.


Stage IVB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: distant metastasis (including pelvic lymph node metastasis).  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Hemophilus influenza infection

An infection that is caused by the organism Hemophilus influenza.


Recurrent Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

The reemergence of adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Carcinoma

A carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Multifocal Glioblastomas

The occurrence of multiple and independent glioblastomas that are unrelated to inherited neoplastic syndromes.


Gastroenteritis enteroviral

Gastroenteritis resulting from an infection with enterovirus.


Accelerated Phase Primary Myelofibrosis

Rapid progression of primary myelofibrosis, characterized by the presence of myeloblasts accounting for 10-19% of the peripheral blood white cells or the nucleated cells in the bone marrow.


Resectable Platinum-Resistant Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A platinum-resistant malignant germ cell tumor that is amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Favorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis that occurs during childhood.


Advanced Gallbladder Carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Prostate Carcinoma by Gene Expression Profile

A header term that includes the following prostate carcinoma subtypes determined by gene expression profiling: luminal A prostate carcinoma, luminal B prostate carcinoma, and basal-like prostate carcinoma.


Prostatic Basal Cell Hyperplasia

A type of prostatic hyperplasia.  It is characterized by the presence of nodules of dark basal cells around residual prostatic secretory cells.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia not otherwise specified after a period of remission.


Refractory Acute Leukemia of Ambiguous Lineage

Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage that is resistant to treatment.


Childhood Giant Cell Glioblastoma

A giant cell glioblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Non-Neoplastic Retinal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the retina.


The reemergence of a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm after a period of remission.


Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified

Acute myeloid leukemias that occur in childhood and do not fulfill the criteria for inclusion in the group of acute myeloid leukemias which have recurrent genetic abnormalities or myelodysplastic changes, or are therapy-related.  This category includes entities classified according to the French-American-British classification scheme.


Cervical Blue Nevus

A nevus that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of benign, heavily pigmented dendritic melanocytes.


Congenital Disruption

A morphologic defect of an organ, part of an organ, or a larger region of the body that results from the extrinsic breakdown of, or an interference with, an originally normal developmental process.


Transient Organic Mental Disorder

An organic mental disorder that is temporary in nature.


Elevated CA15-3

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of an increased level of the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) CA15-3 in a blood or serum sample.


Atrial Septum Lipomatous Hypertrophy

A condition in which deposits of fat accumulate within the interatrial septum.


EBV-Related Clonal Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A clonal lymphoproliferative disorder that develops following an organ transplantation and is caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection.


Shared Neoantigen-Positive Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that expresses unique tumor-specific neoantigens across a subset of patients.


Radiation-Related Sarcoma

A sarcoma that arises in the bones or soft tissues following exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.


Recurrent Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

The reemergence of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Stage IA1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IA1 includes: T1a1, N0, M0. T1a1: Tumor with measured stromal invasion equal or less than 3 mm in depth. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Advanced Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Connective and Soft Tissue Disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the connective and soft tissue.


Metastatic Proximal Gastric Adenocarcinoma

A proximal gastric adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Skin Basal Cell Carcinoma with Adnexal Differentiation

A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that is characterized by adnexal differentiation.


Central Nervous System Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

A neoplasm that originates from histiocytes and accessory cells and affects the central nervous system.  It is usually associated with the presence of identical tumors outside the central nervous system.  Representative examples include Langerhans cell histiocytosis, histiocytic sarcoma, and follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Nested Variant

Bladder nested variant urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.