response to benzene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzene stimulus.


dibenzothiophene desulfurization

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The removal of the sulfur atom from dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.


trimethylarsine oxidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylarsine oxide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = trimethylarsine + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: homocystine + 2 reduced glutathione = oxidized glutathione + 2 homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + O2 = 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxymuconoyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + 2 H+.


polyterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.


helper T cell extravasation

The migration of a helper T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A helper T-cell is an effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells.


metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any metalloendopeptidase activity that is involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


positive regulation of response to salt stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.


box C/D snoRNP complex binding

Binding to a box C/D snoRNP complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = N-(beta-D-glucosyl)nicotinate + UDP.


DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


negative regulation of AV node cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + S-adenosylmethioninamine = N1-aminopropylagmatine + 5'-methylthioadenosine.


adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains

An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) incorporating leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Examples of this process are found in jawless fish, including the lampreys (Petromyzontidae) and hagfishes (Myxinidae).


GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-glucose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate + GDP.


2-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 2-phenanthrylsulfate.


formation of animal organ boundary

The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + ATP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + ADP + H+.


gibberellin A13,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A13 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A43 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate + H2O = NTP + NMP. Acts on bis(5'-guanosyl)-, bis(5'-xanthosyl)-, bis(5'-adenosyl)- and bis(5'-uridyl)-tetraphosphate.


protein localization to equatorial microtubule organizing center

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an equatorial microtubule organizing center.


ansamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.


tetracyclic triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.


N-substituted formamide deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzylformamide + H2O = formate + benzylamine.


epi-isozizaene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-epi-isozizaene + diphosphate.


outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an outer hair cell.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of umami taste

The series of events required for a umami taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.


regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycerol = AH(2) + glycerone.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


R-lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


innate immune response-inhibiting signal transduction

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an innate immune response.


negative regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.


sucrose-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose 6-phosphate = UDP + sucrose 6-phosphate.


emericellin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellin.


negative regulation of pigment cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.


CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

The series of molecular signals in which calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity enabled by a CAMKK directly activates an AMPK. The cascade begins with calmodulin binding calcium which in turn binds CAMKK enabling its calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity. The cascade ends with AMP-activated protein kinase activity.


dolichyldiphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + H2O = dolichyl phosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


negative regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


5-methylcytosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


hydrogen dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + H2 = NADPH + H+.


dentate nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + L-glutamate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + L-glutamine + H2O.


rhombomere 4 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


luciferin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the generalized reaction: luciferin + O2 = oxidized luciferin + CO2 + light. There may be additional substrates and reactants involved in the reaction. The reaction results in light emission as luciferin returns to the ground state after enzymatic oxidation.


left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


tRNA-specific adenosine-37 deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + H2O + NADP+.


atrazine N-dealkylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + O2 + 2 H+ = deethylatrazine + acetaldehyde + H2O.


regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.


ground tissue pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the ground tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = citrazinate + reduced acceptor.


catechol catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between a hydroxylated carbon atom and an adjacent unsubstituted carbon atom.


negative regulation by symbiont of salicylic acid levels in host

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


all-trans-phytoene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> all-trans-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


U5 snRNA binding

Binding to a U5 small nuclear RNA (U5 snRNA).


establishment of bipolar cell polarity involved in cell morphogenesis

The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that contribute to cell morphogenesis. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


copper chelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a copper chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. A copper chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


detection of sucrose stimulus

The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


intracellular mRNA localization involved in pattern specification process

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within an oocyte that results in a pattern being established in the embryo.


cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanin betaine + H2O <=> cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + beta-D-glucose.


nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ = L-xylulose + CO2.


negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


glutamate-putrescine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + putrescine = gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


L-glutamate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + O2 + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.


gastrulation with mouth forming first

A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second.


posterior semicircular canal development

The progession of the posterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: microsomal-membrane protein + diphosphate = diphosphate + O-phospho-microsomal-membrane protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methylnaphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.


macrophage fusion

The binding and fusion of a macrophage to one or more other cells to form a multinucleated cell.


glucuronan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl end + (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronans to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. Complete degradation of glucuronans results in the formation of tetrasaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylaniline + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + isopropylamine.


endosulfan hemisulfate sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hemisulfate + H2O = endosulfan monoalcohol + 2 H+ + sulfate.


nitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.


regulation of bile acid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue.


fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumitremorgin B.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA.


xanthophyll cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.


maintenance of neuroblast polarity

The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.


ATP-dependent protein-DNA unloader activity

Facilitating the removal of a protein or protein complex from a DNA molecule driven by ATP hydrolysis. This can be achieved for example by introducing non-canonical DNA structures or generating torque to directly inhibit a protein-DNA binding interaction.


glucosinolate biosynthetic process from phenylalanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including phenylalanine.


redox taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to redox potential.


photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I

After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


DNA synthesis involved in mitochondrial DNA replication

Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication.


positive regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.


mercury ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mercury (Hg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


alpha-pinene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + pinocarveol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + ATP = 5-methyldeoxycytidine diphosphate + ADP + H+.


brexanolone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which living organisms transform brexanolone.


microglial cell proliferation

The expansion of a microglial cell population by cell division.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils

An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


suppression by symbiont of host inflammatory response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


L-leucine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-leucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-leucine is 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


tight junction assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction. A tight junction seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy, 4-beta-methyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


lipid ubiquitination

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a lipid.


ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES

The transcription of non-coding RNA associated with transcriptional start and end sites of protein coding genes. This occurs at some low level for many protein coding genes.


response to red or far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


(R)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye

Any negative regulation of vasculature development that is involved in developing an avascular cornea of a camera-type eye.


caudate nucleus development

The progression of the caudate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The caudate nucleus is the C-shaped structures of the striatum containing input neurons involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitine + octanoyl-CoA = (S)-octanoylcarnitine + CoA.


oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 O2 + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 H2O2 + protoporphyrin IX.


glutamic-type endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.


peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide

The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide (3-methyl-L-lanthionine sulfoxide), as found in the antibiotic actagardine.


Catalysis of the reaction: desacetoxyvindoline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = desacetylvindoline + succinate + CO2.


light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion

The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.


catalytic activity, acting on a tRNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a tRNA.


betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine + Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline = UDP + Skp1-protein-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)hydroxyproline.


modulation of penetration peg formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis by non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that decreased the extent of cell adhesion that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


CGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGA codon.


aerobic lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the presence of oxygen.


nitrate reductase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferrocytochrome + nitrate = ferricytochrome + nitrite.


memory T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a memory T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


Malpighian tubule principal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule principal cell. A Malpighian tubule principal cell is an epithelial secretory cell that transports cations into the lumen of the tubule.


hepatocyte homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hepatocytes within a population of cells. Hepatocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the liver that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


detection of cell density

The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to dinitrophenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.


negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


oligosaccharide transporting porin activity

Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-valine + ATP = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-valine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


amidinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reversible transfer of an amidino group to an acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: quinolin-2-ol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dihydroquinoline + NAD+.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (non-phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NADP+ = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + phosphoramidate = hexose 1-phosphate + NH3.


DNA amplification

The process in which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment.


D-xylose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


U1 snRNP binding

Binding to a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.


trimetaphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + trimetaphosphate = 2 H+ + triphosphate.


histone H2A acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


malolactic enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malate + H+ = L-lactate + CO2.


regulation of odontoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.


The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins to form the derivative N2-acetyl-L-lysine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.


D-glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of mannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.


peptide cross-linking via 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone

The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of amine dehydrogenase.


juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to juvenile hormone acid.


xanthophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


rRNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the N-glycosylic bond at A-4324 in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes or corresponding sites in 28S RNA from other species.


terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system

The process in which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange.


methylseleninic acid reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeO2H => NADP+ + CH3SeOH + H2O.


allantoin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.


serotonin-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoic acid + CoASH.


eye field cell fate commitment involved in camera-type eye formation

The commitment of neurectodermal cells to cells of the eye field and their capacity to differentiate into eye field cells. Eye field cells are neurectodermal cells that will form the optic placode.


(E)-beta-ocimene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (E)-beta-ocimene + diphosphate.


lavandulyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + lavandulyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reactions: cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol + NADP+ + H2O, and cholest-5-ene-3beta,27-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,27-triol + NADP+ + H2O.


gibberellin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + glycochenodeoxycholate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate + H+.


epithelial cell apoptotic process involved in palatal shelf morphogenesis

An apoptotic process in a palatal shelf epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of the palatal shelf.


glycolytic fermentation to propionate

Glycolytic fermentation resulting in the catabolism of glucose to propionate, yielding energy in the form of ATP; an alternative to the acrylate pathway to produce propionate.


pyrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene.


ganglioside GP1c binding

Binding to ganglioside GP1c.


hypoxanthine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.


negative regulation of microglial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.


detection of electrical stimulus

The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to cordycepin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.


cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic ADP-ribose + H20 = ADP-ribose (ADPR).


negative regulation of transformation of host cell by virus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.


anthranilate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + anthranilate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + anthranilyl-CoA.


chlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-enoate-4-benzenoid + H2O = pyruvate + benzaldehyde derivative. Substrates are (3E)-4-(5-amino-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-but-3-ene-1-oic-acid (forms 5-aminosalicylaldehyde) and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate (forms salicylaldehyde).


formate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + a quinone = CO2 + a quinol.


pentraxin receptor activity

Combining with a pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a vascular smooth muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


thiazole synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 2-iminoacetate + thiocarboxy-adenylate-[sulfur-carrier protein ThiS] = 2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate + [sulfur-carrier protein ThiS] + 2 H2O.


tellurite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tellurite from one side of a membrane to the other. Tellurite is a salt of tellurous acid or an oxide of tellurium which occurs sparingly in tufts of white or yellowish crystals.


superior vena cava morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of superior vena cava generated and organized. The superior vena cava is a blood vessel that transports blood from the upper body to the heart.


E-series resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family E-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from icosapentaenoic acid.


5-hydroxymethyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 5-hydroxymethyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar.


halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase B activity

Catalysis of the elimination of HCl from a chloropropanol, yielding an epoxypropane.


rejection of pollen from other species

The recognition and rejection of pollen of one species by cells in the stigma of another species.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-lactose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + lactose(out) = protein histidine + lactose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host JAK-STAT cascade

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupt a JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XCH3 = 1-methoxypyrene + HX.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.


capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


energy derivation by oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from inorganic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.


platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor activity

Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + kaempferol = UDP + kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside.


axon arborization

The process in which the terminal anatomical structures of an axon are generated and organized into branches of specialised projections, or boutons. An axon is the long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminal branches.


regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + caffeoyl-CoA = pelargonidin 3-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside) 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + UDP-galactose = O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP.


negative regulation of osmosensory signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling pathway.


exon-exon junction complex disassembly

The disaggregation of an exon-exon junction complex into its constituent components.


Catalysis of the reaction: aldose 1-phosphate + NDP = phosphate + NDP-aldose.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate.


heart jogging

The morphogenetic process in which the heart cone is displaced to the left with respect to the vector of the anterior-posterior axis.


histone H3R8 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 8)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 8) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 8.


The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the chitin-based adult cuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation in Drosophila melanogaster.


RNA dinucleotide insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a dinucleotide.


lipopolysaccharide floppase activity

Enables the transfer of a lipopolysaccharide from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


negative regulation of glutamine transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.


regulation of plasma cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + diphosphate = adenine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


racemase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives

Catalysis of the interconversion of the two enantiomers of a chiral amino acid or amino acid derivative.


viral budding from plasma membrane

A viral budding that starts with formation of a curvature in the host plasma membrane around which the virion particle assembles.


glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucuronate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucuronate is the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (diphosphate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + oxaloacetate = CO2 + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-hydroxyflavone <=> 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-7-hydroxyflavone + UDP + H+.


sorocarp stalk development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


Enables the transfer of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of tRNA export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.


clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, trans-Golgi to endosome targeting

The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the trans-Golgi to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.


endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.


costunolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + O2 + NADPH + 2 H+ = costunolide + 2 H2O + NADP.


zeaxanthin 2-beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: zeaxanthin + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> caloxanthin + H2O + NAD.


metal ion binding

Binding to a metal ion.


cellobiose epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose = D-glucosyl-D-mannose.


alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: primary alcohol + acceptor = aldehyde + reduced acceptor.


regulation of plant organ morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.


plastid membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of either of the lipid bilayers surrounding a plastid.


chlorinated hydrocarbon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorinated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms.


UGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGU codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide + O2 + 2 NADH + H+ = 2 NAD+ + H2O + 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate.


p-cumate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cumate.


B cell tolerance induction

A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in B cells.


FMN reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD(P)+ = FMN + NAD(P)H + H+. This reaction can utilize NADH and NADPH with similar reaction rates.


L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other.


barbiturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: barbiturate + H2O = malonate + urea.


linoleic acid epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts linoleic acid to a cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid.


dihydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + dihydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADP.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-glucoside(out) + H+(out) = alpha-glucoside(in) + H+(in). Alpha-glucosides include trehalose, maltose, turanose, isomaltose, alpha-methylglucoside, maltotriose, palatinose, trehalose and melezitose.


chondroitin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of hexosaminic linkages in chondroitin, a linear polymer structure composed of the repeating disaccharide unit [->4)-D-glucuronic acid-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-(1-], also written as [->4GlcUA1->3GalNAc1-].


adhesion of symbiont germination tube to host

The attachment of a germination tube of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of myotube cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myotube cell migration.


somatic motor neuron fate commitment

The commitment of unspecified motor neurons to specific motor neuron cell along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord and their capacity to differentiate into specific motor neurons.


citramalate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate = acetate + pyruvate.


glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced coenzyme F420.


UCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCC codon.


establishment of planar polarity involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.


cholesterol transfer activity

Removes cholesterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


arogenate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD(P)+ = L-tyrosine + NAD(P)H + CO2.


histone H2AS1 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-serine (position 1) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphoserine (position 1) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 1 of histone H2A.


regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.


parathion metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound formerly used as a broad spectrum insecticide, acaricide, fumigant and nematocide. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.


generation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step

Formation of a catalytic spliceosome complex ready to perform the first splicing reaction. This occurs by an ATP-dependent conformational change of the pre-catalytic spliceosome.


fructan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


1,2-dehydroreticulinium reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + NADP+ = 1,2-dehydroreticuline + H+ + NADPH.


nuclear dicing body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear dicing body.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + H+ + a long-chain acyl-[acp] + a reduced electron acceptor = 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a terminal olefin + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein] + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cerebroside-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a cerebroside 3-sulfate + H2O = a cerebroside + sulfate.


glutamate catabolic process to ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including ornithine.


regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


mitotic G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.


lactam biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


ABC-type monosaccharide transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + monosaccharide(in). Ribose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and methylgalactoside are imported.


insulin receptor activity

Combining with insulin receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of forward locomotion

Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-mannitol phosphotransferase system transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + mannitol(out) = protein histidine + mannitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


kinetochore adaptor activity

The binding activity of a protein that brings the kinetochore and another molecule into contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


rhamnolipid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation/production of a glycolipid surfactant that acts as a bacterial biofilm dispersal.


negative regulation of border follicle cell delamination

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


phosphoglycerate kinase (GTP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GTP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + GDP + H+.


inositol hexakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


cellular response to amphetamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.


positive regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

Maintenance of the oocyte nucleus in a particular position within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the axes of the oocyte. An example of this process is found In Drosophila melanogaster.


lipid droplet formation

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts of a lipid droplet.


protein deglutarylation

The removal of a glutaryl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.


negative regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process.


salicylic acid binding

Binding to salicylic acid.


N-terminal peptidyl-proline methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+.


diacylglyceride transfer activity

Directly binding to diacylglyceride and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of host RIG-I activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of RIG-1 (also known as DDX58). The cytoplasmic pattern recognition RIG-I recognizes viral RNA synthesized during active viral replication and signals to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.


angular vestibuloocular reflex

A vestibular reflex by which a response to an angular acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the semi-circular canal and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


effector-mediated induction of programmed cell death in host

A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont activates a programmed cell death pathway in the host to suppress the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Removes phosphatidylethanolamine from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.


negative regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


histone H3R2 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified arginine residue at position 2 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


transforming growth factor beta3 production

The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta3 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


protein-DNA-RNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA-RNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


involution involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The inturning of an epithelial sheet over the basal surface of an outer layer involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


norsolorinate anthrone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7 malonyl-CoA + 5 H+ + a hexanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = norsolorinate anthrone + 7 coenzyme A + 7 carbon dioxide + 2 H2O + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


chloride peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-H + 2 chloride + H2O2 = 2 R-Cl + 2 H2O.


cellular response to tetrahydrofolate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate = CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol.


thiamine triphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thiamine triphosphate = thiamine diphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


blasticidin-S deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: blasticidin S + H2O = deaminohydroxyblasticidin S + NH3.


bract formation

The process that gives rise to a bract. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic links in oligoxyloglucans so as to remove successive isoprimeverose (i.e. alpha-xylo-1,6-beta-D-glucosyl-) residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-trehalose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + trehalose(out) = protein histidine + trehalose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


flavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


detection of reduced oxygen by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


posterior lateral line neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing posterior lateral line.


metanephric podocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.


cell migration involved in mammary placode formation

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within the mammary line that contributes to the formation of the mammary placode.


asparaginyl-tRNAAsn biosynthesis via transamidation

A tRNA aminoacylation process in which asparaginyl-tRNAAsn is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase generates the misacylated L-aspartyl-tRNAAsn species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-asparaginyl-tRNAAsn by the heterotrimeric aspartyl-tRNAAsn amidotransferase.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-20 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + NAD+ = aminoacetone + H+ + NADH.


response to singlet oxygen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alpha-2,8-linked polymer of sialic acid = CoA + polysialic acid acetylated at O-7 or O-9.


quinate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinate, the anion of quinic acid.


O-glycan processing, core 7

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 7 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->6)-GalNAc.


cellular response to desiccation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.


steviol 13-O glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = steviolmonoside + UDP + H+.


diphenyl ether 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphenyl ether + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether.


Catalysis of the reaction: (7S)-salutaridinol + acetyl-CoA = (7S)-O-acetylsalutaridinol + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + mucus glycoprotein = CoA + O-palmitoylglycoprotein.


sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + 3-beta-hydroxy-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-ene-4-beta-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + H+ + CO2 + 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one.


peptidyl-serine ADP-deribosylation

The removal of ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylserine.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + H+(out) = citrate(in) + H+(in).


positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


xanthophyll catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


interleukin-12 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-12 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-7,8-dihydrodiol.


protein localization to centriolar satellite

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a centriolar satellite.


detection of steroid hormone stimulus

The series of events by which a steroid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


D-leucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-leucine.


epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis.


cellular response to stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


retinal cone cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal cone cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina.


formate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NAD+ = CO2 + NADH.


osmoregulated periplasmic glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.


ribose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ + ribofuranose = D-ribonate + 2 H+ + NADPH.


right ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


water-soluble vitamin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.


methanesulfonate monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methanesulfonate + NADH + H+ + O2 = formaldehyde + NAD+ + sulfite + H2O.


response to hypobaric hypoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension combined with low atmospheric pressure. Hypoxia is defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95% and hypobaric is defined as atmospheric pressure below 0.74 atm (greater than 2,500 m above sea level).


pullulanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in pullulan (a linear polymer of alpha-(1,6)-linked maltotriose units) and in amylopectin and glycogen, and the a- and b-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen.


Lewy body formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Lewy body.


ADP dimethylallyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delta2-isopentenyl diphosphate + ADP = diphosphate + N6-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.


female germ-line stem cell population maintenance

The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of female germ-line stem cells.


sn-1-glycerol-3-phosphate C16:0-DCA-CoA acyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanedioyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = coenzyme A + 1-C16:0-alpha,omega-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate.


regionalization involved in semicircular canal formation

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the otic epithelium in space to define an area or volume in which cells will differentiate to give rise to the semicircular canals.


adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 L-glutamine + adenosylcob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide + 4 ATP + 4 H2O = 4 L-glutamate + adenosylcobyrate + 4 ADP + 8 H+ + 4 phosphate.


acridone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylanthranilyl-CoA + 3 H+ + 3 malonyl-CoA = 1,3-dihydroxy-N-methylacridone + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA + H2O.


negative regulation of adult somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.


allantoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of allantoate from one side of a membrane to the other. Allantoate is the end product of purine metabolism in mammals and some fish, formed form allantoin. It is widely distributed in plants as an important source of stored nitrogen.


RNA acetylation

The posttranscriptional addition of one or more acetyl groups to specific residues in an RNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N-methyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of microglial cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


post-embryonic plant organ development

Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase of a plant tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


shoot organ boundary specification

The process in which the basal boundary between the stem and both vegetative and reproductive organs are established and maintained.


aminophosphonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminophosphonates, phosphonic acid derivatives that contain an amino group.


16-hydroxysteroid epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 16-alpha-hydroxysteroid = 16-beta-hydroxysteroid.


histone H3-K4 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 4 of the histone.


3-deoxyglucosone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxyglucosone + H2O + NAD+ = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + 2 H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O glucosyltransferase (vanilloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanin betaine + vanillate + H+.


zeaxanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeaxanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate + sinapoyl-CoA = 2-O-sinapoyl-D-glucarate + CoA.


ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose

The process of generating ATP in the nucleus from poly-ADP-D-ribose. Nuclear ATP generation is required for extensive chromatin remodeling events that are energy-consuming.


CYP79F1 tetrahomomethionine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + tetrahomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH <=> 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP + 7-methylthioheptanaldoxime.


specification of mesonephric nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the mesonephric nephron acquire their identity.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADPH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NADP+.


cholesterol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + O2 = cholest-5-en-3-one + H2O2.


mannose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.


glycolytic fermentation via PFOR pathway

The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, continuing with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) activity. This pathway is found in strict anaerobes such as Clostridia species.


tRNA 3'-terminal CCA addition

Post-transcriptional addition of the terminal 3' CCA sequence to a tRNA which does not encode this sequence within the primary transcript. CCA addition proceeds by the sequential addition of CTP, CTP, and then ATP to the 3' end of the tRNA, yielding a diphosphate with each nucleotide addition.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + glyoxylate.


histone propionyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + histone = CoA + propionyl-histone.


Catalyzes the reaction: N,N-Dihydroxy-L-tryptophan = Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime + CO2 + H2O.


histone H4R3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified arginine residue at position 3 of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + eriodictyol + NADPH + O2 <=> 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate luteolin-7-olate(1-) + NADP + 2 H2O.


metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantoate + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dihydroxyanisole + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3,5-dimethoxyphenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


synephrine dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: synephrine = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + methylammonium.


regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.


apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + 2 X-SO3(-) = 2 HX + phenanthrene-9,10-dihydrodiolsulfate conjugate.


vestibulospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.


3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydroshikimate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is also known as protocatechuate.


malonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonate, the propanedioate ion.


negative regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.


pantoate 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NAD+ = (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of myotube cell migration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube cell migration.


mesonephros morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephros are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine + ATP + D-alanyl-D-alanine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP.


protein localization to nuclear body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nuclear body.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-O-methylisoflavone.


benzenesulfonate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + HSO3(-) + 4-methylcatechol.


dendritic cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of dendritic cells such that the total number of dendritic cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA thiolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoyl-CoA + CoASH = 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + acetyl-CoA.


The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene, a sulfonated azo compound synthesized by nitro-amine condensation from sulfanilic acid and 4-nitrobenzoic acid.


sulfur-containing amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfur-containing amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(1-) + H2O + a fatty aldehyde <=> NADH(2-) + 2 H+ + a fatty acid.


protein galactosylation

The addition of a galactose molecule to a protein amino acid.


paromomycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving paromomycin.


inulosucrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 2,1-beta-D-fructosyl(n) = glucose + 2,1-beta-D-fructosyl(n+1).


medial fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a medial fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


gluconokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + ATP = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.


trioxoheptanoate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trioxoheptanoate + H2O = acetylpyruvate + acetate.


cephalosporin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


cell development

The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place.


ornithine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine = D-ornithine.


ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Any ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth

The series of events resulting in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls and contribute to multidimensional cell growth.


fumarylacetoacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + glucose = 1-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.


pantoate-beta-alanine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.


myoblast maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


muconolactone delta-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-muconolactone = (4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.


protein storage vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a protein storage vacuole, a storage vacuole that contains a lytic vacuole.


adaptation to pheromone regulating conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

In organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic GMP-AMP.


protein octanoylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with octanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylphenylethylamine + H2O = acetate + phenylethylamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + L-tryptophan = diphosphate + 4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-tryptophan.


lymph gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.


translation repressor activity, non-nucleic acid binding

Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide but does not bind directly to nucleic acid.


lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cell of high endothelial venule

The attachment of a lymphocyte to an endothelial cell of a high endothelial venule (HEV) via adhesion molecules. A HEV cell is an endothelial cell that is cuboidal, expresses leukocyte-specific receptors, and allows for passage of lymphocytes into bloodstream.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


formation of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a syncytium, a multi-nucleate and physiologically active aggregation of fused root cells induced by a symbiotic nematode in a plant host. The syncytium exclusively provides the nematode with nourishment during its sedentary life, for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


dichotomous subdivision of prostate epithelial cord terminal unit

The process in which a prostate epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.


protein phosphate-linked glycosylation

The glycosylation of peptidyl-amino acids through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.


glutathione catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.


regulation of iron export across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


positive regulation of lactose biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.


regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synaptic vesicle cycle.


mevalonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mevalonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Mevalonate is the anion of mevalonic acid; its (R)-enantiomer is a strategic intermediate derived from hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA in the biosynthesis of polyprenyl compounds.


dimethylmalonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylmalonate + H+ = isobutyrate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-mannose + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-trans,octacis-decaprenol <=> dTDP(3-) + alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-1-diphospho-trans,octacis-decaprenol + H+.


alpha-pinene dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + myrtenol.


lactoferrin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lactoferrin from one side of a membrane to the other.


memory B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a memory B cell. Memory B cells are cells that can respond rapidly to antigen re-exposure by production of high-affinity antibody.


short-day photoperiodism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that falls short of a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.


protein branching point deglutamylation

The removal of a branching point glutamate residue. A branching point glutamate connects a glutamate side chain to a gene-encoded glutamate residue.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 5.


zinc potentiation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission in the presence of zinc. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


vestibular receptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a vestibular receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


galactose-specific flocculation

The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to galactose residues on the other.


renal amino acid absorption

A renal system process in which amino acids are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


CDP-abequose epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose = CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose.


abducens nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the abducens nerve to attain its fully functional state. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


histamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in distinct antral spaces stage

The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in an organism's soma.


connective tissue replacement

The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by acetylcholine

The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors and decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.


wobble position ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose base of the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'O position.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] + H2O = AMP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].


spore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spore wall; a spore wall is the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

The modification of peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine.


central B cell selection

Any B cell selection process that occurs in the bone marrow.


microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material

The directed movement of the viral genome or viral particle within the host cell cytoplasm along host microtubules. Microtubule-dependent transport involves motor proteins like dynein and kinesin and is mostly used by viruses that target their genomes to the nucleus.


L-threonine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.


The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix and contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage of an endochondral bone.


cellular response to L-thialysine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.


5-pyridoxate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-pyridoxate + NADPH + O2 = 2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate) + NADP+.


stress-induced mitochondrial fusion

Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment, as a result of a disturbance in cellular homeostasis.


leghemoglobin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferrileghemoglobin = NADP+ + 2 ferroleghemoglobin.


N-terminal protein amino acid propionylation

The propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


mesenchymal stem cell migration

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N(tele)-methyl-L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


gibberellin A20 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A20 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


CTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + H+ + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.


trans-zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit binding

Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


hypusine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


lipoate-protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the lipoylation of a protein in two steps: ATP + (R)-lipoate + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP + diphosphate (overall reaction): (1) ATP + (R)-lipoate = lipoyl-AMP + diphosphate; (2) lipoyl-AMP + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP.


gamma-curcumene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> gamma-curcumene + diphosphoric acid.


peptide cross-linking via 5'-(N6-L-lysine)-L-topaquinone

The cross-linking of the epsilon-amino group of a peptidyl-lysine with peptidyl-topaquinone, a modified tyrosine residue.


response to pullulan

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of pullulan stimulus.


fibrous ring of heart morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a fibrous ring of heart is generated and organized.


alpha-chamigrene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> alpha-chamigrene + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of spore germination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.


cephalosporin-C transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(5-carboxylato-5-oxopentanamido)deacetylcephalosporanate + D-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + cephalosporin C.


methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methyl-branched fatty acid.


P-type transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transporter that auto-phosphorylates (hence P) at a key conserved aspartate residue, generating a conformational change that allows transport of the substrate. Hydrolysis of the phosphorylated Asp residue, catalyzed by the actuator (A) domain, results in another state with occluded substrates. Upon dissociation of Mg2+ and inorganic phosphate (Pi), the enzyme reverts to the initial state, in which the counter-transported substrate is released into the cytosol.


molybdenum ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of molybdenum (Mo) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of JAK1 activity

Any process in which interferes with a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1).


capsorubin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsorubin.


peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-aspartyl aldehyde

The reduction of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-aspartyl aldehyde, as found photosystem II P680 chlorophyll A apoprotein.


positive regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


septate junction assembly

The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space.


microfibril assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of microfibril.


NAD-dependent protein biotinidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-biotinyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-biotinyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


negative regulation of defense response to oomycetes

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.


regulation of chemokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.


protein-phosphocysteine-L-ascorbate-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + L-ascorbate(out) = protein cysteine + L-ascorbate-6-phosphate(in).


neuron differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the neurons of the salivary gland.


D-allose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.


sulfate ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions within an organism or cell.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


syn-stemod-13(17)-ene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemod-13(17)-ene + diphosphate.