beta-Tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been isolated from various cultivars of wheat.


The (R,R,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


alpha-tocopherol

A tocopherol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a 4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl group at position 2.


gamma-Tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.


delta-Tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by a methyl group at position 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.


(S,S,R)-alpha-Tocopherol

The (S,S,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


(R,S,R)-alpha-Tocopherol

The (R,S,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


tocol

A chromanol with a chroman-6-ol skeleton that is substituted at position 2 by a saturated or triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units.


Tocopherols

A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.


alpha-Tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been found in palm oil derived from Elaeis guineensis.


beta-Tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts.


(-)-alpha-Tocopherol

The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


(S,R,R)-alpha-Tocopherol

The (S,R,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


Aquasol E

The (R,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


gamma-Tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. A vitamin E family member that has potent anti-cancer properties against a wide-range of cancers.


sinoatrial valve morphogenesis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized.


Mismatch Repair-Deficient Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

An endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma characterized by mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency caused by inactivating methylation or less frequently mutation of an MMR gene (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, or MSH6).


1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity (SN2-18:3 forming)

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Uterine Corpus Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A very rare and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the uterine corpus.


Stress ulcer

An ulcer due to stress.


cytoplasmic side of late endosome membrane

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The side (leaflet) of the late endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


tetracenomycin B3 8-O-methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetracenomycin B3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> tetracenomycin E + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts an adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


abdominal ganglion

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A ganglion that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk.


plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.


apical plasma membrane urothelial plaque

A scallop-shaped plaque, also referred to as an asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), found in the apical plasma membrane of urothelial superficial (umbrella) cells which form a a barrier to the passage of water and soluble toxic compounds found in urine. The plaques are thickened regions of membrane composed of uroplakin transmembrane proteins which form a crystalline array.


positive regulation of molecular function

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


positive regulation of RNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.


positive regulation of glucosylceramidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.


positive regulation of collagen binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


positive regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


positive regulation of arginase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


positive regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase, typically by lowering its sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and by increasing its affinity for glutamate.


positive regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.


positive regulation of pyruvate kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.


positive regulation of recombination hotspot binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.


positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


positive regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


positive regulation of mRNA cap binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.


positive regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


positive regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


positive regulation of water channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.


positive regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.


positive regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


positive regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of mRNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.


positive regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of beta-galactosidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.


positive regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.


positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


positive regulation of polysome binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.


positive regulation of catalase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.


positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


positive regulation of molecular function in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


positive regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


positive regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


positive regulation of urease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.


positive regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.


positive regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


positive regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.


positive regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency

Any positive regulation of water channel activity that is involved in maintenance of lens transparency.


positive regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


positive regulation of GABA-A receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABA-A receptor activity.


positive regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


positive regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.


positive regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


positive regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


positive regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


positive regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme monophenol oxygenase.


positive regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


positive regulation of triplex DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.


positive regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.


positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


positive regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.


positive regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.


positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.


positive regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


positive regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.


positive regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acid-sensing ion channel activity.


positive regulation of receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


positive regulation of heparan sulfate binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.


positive regulation of lipid binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.


positive regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


positive regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


positive regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of euchromatin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.


positive regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


positive regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.


positive regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


negative regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.


pinhole eye

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Simple eye that has a small aperture (which may be adjustable) and deep pit. It is only found in the nautiloids.


simple eye

An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity.


camera-type eye

An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid.


spherical lensed eye

Simple eye that consists of a lens of one refractive index.


simple eye with multiple lenses

Simple eye that has two or more lenses. Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copeopod Pontella has three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. Copilla's eyes have two lenses, which move in and out like a telescope.


stemma

Eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters and affects the eyespot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light.


stroma

Connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma.


Connective and Soft Tissue

The supporting connective tissue of an organ.


endoneurium

The loose connective tissue within the perineurium that continues into nerve fascicles and surrounds individual fibers. (Nolte, J. The Human Brain 3rd edition).


eyelid connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition].


Volkmann's canal

Microscopic channels in the compact bone that run perpendicular to the Haversian canals.  They carry blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and connect the Haversian canals with each other and the periosteum.


aorta endothelium

The thin layer of flat cells that line the aorta and form a barrier between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.


lymphatic vessel endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition].


soft tissue

A general term comprising tissue that is not hardened or calcified; including muscle, fat, blood vessels, nerves, tendons, ligaments and fascia.


osteon

A circular structural unit of bone tissue. It consists of a central hole, the Haversian canal through which blood vessels run, surrounded by concentric rings, called lamellae.


compact bone tissue

The outer layers of solid, hard bone that covers spongy bone; consists of parallel osteons containing mineral deposits and interstitial lamellae.


arterial system endothelium

An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition].


endothelium of venule

An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition].


Blood Vessel Tissue

The tissue component of a blood vessel. Large vessels contain three layers of tissue, the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. Capillary tissue is composed of a single layer of endothelium and connective tissue.


endothelium of capillary

An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition].


Visceral Striated Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue associated with organs such as tongue, pharynx, diaphragm and upper part of the esophagus. It is identical in structure to skeletal muscle tissue.


fibrocartilage

Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.


larynx connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition].


intestine smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition].


haversian canal

Haversian canals are a series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae. This is the region of bone called compact bone. Osteons are arranged in parallel to the long axis of the bone. The Haversian canals surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout the bone and communicate with osteocytes in lacunae (spaces within the dense bone matrix that contain the living bone cells) through canaliculi. This unique arrangement is conducive to mineral salt deposits and storage which gives bone tissue its strength.


blood vessel endothelium

An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart.


gallbladder smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition].


aorta smooth muscle tissue

The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue located in the wall of the aorta.


Superficial Myometrium

The portion of myometrium adjacent to the endometrium.


perineurium

A layer of thin, concentrically arranged cells with interspersed collagen that lies within the epineurium. The perineurium is a component of the blood–nerve barrier and is essential for protecting axons and their associated Schwann cells from ionic flux, toxins and infection.


endothelium of artery

An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition].


dental pulp

The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP].


glomerular capillary endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a glomerular capillary.


muscle tissue of prostate

A muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland.


eyelid subcutaneous connective tissue

An eyelid connective tissue that is part of a hypodermis.


blood vessel smooth muscle

Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels.


Lamellar bone

A type of bone tissue. There are two subtypes of mature bone - compact and spongy. Compact bone is very dense and hard on the outside. Compact bone forms the thick-walled tube of the shaft of long bones and covers the epiphyses of long bones. Spongy bone is lightweight and consists of trabeculae, which branch and intersect to form a sponge like network, and red bone marrow for hematopoiesis. Short bones and the epiphyses of long bones consist mainly of spongy bone.


Connective Tissue Component of the Peripheral Nerve


cementum

Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.


endothelium of arteriole

An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition].


Medullary Bone

The central and spongy portion of the bone.


Demineralized Bone Tissue

Bone that has had most of the mineralized components removed while retaining collagen and noncollagenous proteins.


Structure of iliotibial tract

A dense band of avascular, regular connective tissue, it is formed as the union of the superficial and deep layers of the tensor fascia latae, creating a thick band that extends inferiorly, taking its origins from the iliac crest, the tensor fascia latae, and the gluteus maximus, travelling inferiolaterally along the thigh, and inserting on Gerdy's tubercle on the lateral aspect of the tibia. Functionally, the iliotibial band helps to flex, abduct, and medially rotate the femur at the hip joint, and it also helps to stabilize the knee laterally.


epineurium

A loose connective tissue sheath surrounding each peripheral nerve. Composed mainly of colagen and fibroblasts, it forms a substantial covering over nerve trunks, then thins to an incomplete layer around smaller branches near their terminations. The epineurium is continuous centrally with the dura. Peripherally, it usually ends near the termination of a nerve fiber, but it may continue as the capsule of Meissner corpuscles and a few other encapsulated endings. Nolte, J. The Human Brain 3rd edition.


hyaline cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.


Immature Bone

The earliest tissue to appear in embryonic development (it is the predominant bone in the developing fetus) and post fracture. The collagenous lamellae are randomly oriented and loosely intertwined. It is characterized by coarse fiber bundles approximately 30 um in diameter.


venous system endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition].


striated muscle tissue

Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations.


endothelium of vein

An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition].


bronchus connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


artery smooth muscle tissue

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition].


interalveolar septum

A the thin septum that separates adjacent pulmonary alveoli, containing connective tissue constituents of the respiratory tissue and the capillary network of the blood supply of the lung.


Nerve Sheath

A protective cover encircling a nerve, nerve fiber or axon.


osteoid

Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.


layer of muscle tissue

Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue.


smooth muscle of trachea

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition].


vena cava endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Automatically generated definition].


cardiovascular system endothelium

An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system.


bronchus elastic tissue

An elastic tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


Arteriole Smooth Muscle Tissue

The smooth muscle tissue present in the tunica media which is the middle layer of the wall of an arteriole.


odontoid tissue

Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla.


Arterial System Smooth Muscle Tissue

The smooth muscle tissue present in the tunica media which is the middle layer of the wall of the arterial system.


white adipose tissue

Connective tissue consisting of fat-storing cells and arranged in lobular groups or along minor blood vessels[MP,modified].


Fat pad

Encapsulated adipose tissue within the body.


enamel

A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP].


elastic cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.


tunica media of artery

A tunica media that is part of a artery.


bronchus smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


dentine

Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.


trabecular network of bone

The network of intersecting plates and spicules in cancellous bone which form a meshwork of intercommunicating spaces filled with blood vessels and marrow; in mature bone, the trabeculae are aligned in parallel with the lines of major compressive or tensile force.


loose connective tissue

Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue.


Extracellular Matrix

The extracellular matrix is a network of fibers that hold cells together. It is found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. It is broken down during normal physiological and disease processes such as bone remodeling, embryogenesis, cancer, and arthritis.


Malignant neoplasm of exocervix

A malignant neoplasm that affects the exocervix.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-alanyl-peptide = CoA + H+ + N-terminal N-alpha-acetyl-L-alanyl-peptide.


Carpometacarpal Joint 2

A plane joint primarily between the second metacarpal and the trapezoid, which also connects with the trapezium and capitate.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

A negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway process that positively_regulates spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


carboxamidine

Compounds having the structure RC(=NR)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic nomenclature to denote the -C(=NH)NH2 group including its carbon atom.


snRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule.


D-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-arabinonate + H+.


pheophorbidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2. The reaction occurs in two steps; pheophoridase catalyzes the conversion of pheophorbide a to a precursor of pyropheophorbide a, C-13(2)-carboxylpyropheophorbide a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield pyropheophorbide a.


mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mycophenolic acid O-acyl-glucuronide(1-) + H2O <=> mycophenolate + H+ + D-glucopyranuronate.


sialate 4-O-acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminate = acetate + H+ + N-acetylneuraminate.


all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl ester = 11-cis-retinol + fatty acid.


Gly-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Gly-tRNA(Ala).


sialate O-acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminate (free or glycosidically bound) + H2O = N-acetylneuraminate + acetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-acyl ethyl ester + H2O = a long-chain carboxylic acid + ethanol.


acetylajmaline esterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 17-O-acetylajmaline + H2O = ajmaline + acetate, and 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + H2O = norajmaline + acetate.


pectinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate.


tropinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atropine + H2O = H+ + tropate + tropine.


acetylxylan esterase activity

Catalysis of the deacetylation of xylans and xylo-oligosaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


fusarinine-C ornithinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N5-acyl-L-ornithine ester + H2O = N5-acyl-L-ornithine + an alcohol.


steroid-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + testololactone = H+ + testolate.


aclacinomycin A methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin A + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-aclacinomycin A + methanol + H+.


acylcarnitine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-acylcarnitine + H2O = a fatty acid + L-carnitine.


triacetate-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + triacetate lactone = triacetate.


phosphatidylinositol deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol + a carboxylate + H+.


L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate 6-phosphate + H2O = 3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate.


juvenile-hormone esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.


endosulfan lactone lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan lactone + H2O = endosulfan hydroxycarboxylate + H+.


Catalysis of the removal of acetylesters (as acetate) from galacturonic acid residues in the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + acetate + H+.


Ala-tRNA(Thr) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated ala-tRNA(thr).


Catalysis of the reaction: chitooligosaccharide with N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal + H2O = chitooligosaccharide with glucosamine at nonreducing terminal + acetate. This reaction is the deacetylation of a chitooligosaccharide at the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue; chitooligosaccharide are composed of (1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in varying proportions.


1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,4-lactone = a 4-hydroxyacid.


Catalysis of the reaction: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate + H2O = 2-ethylhexan-1-ol + 2-ethylhexyl phthalate + H+.


orsellinate-depside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + orsellinate depside = 2 o-orsellinate + H+.


feruloyl esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-polysaccharide + H2O = ferulate + polysaccharide.


cephalosporin-C deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cephalosporin C + H2O = acetate + deacetylcephalosporin C + H+.


primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite = H+ + methanol + O13(4)-desmethyl pFCC.


alpha-amino-acid esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-amino acid ester + H2O = an alpha-amino acid + an alcohol.


6-acetylglucose deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-acetyl-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + acetate + H+.


tannase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: digallate + H2O = 2 gallate + H+.


cetraxate benzylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl cetraxate + H2O = benzyl alcohol + cetraxate + H+.


Ala-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ala-tRNA(Pro).


palmitoleyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoleyl moiety, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from some substrate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy]butanoate + H2O = 2 (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + H+.


retinyl-palmitate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: retinyl palmitate + H2O = retinol + palmitate + H+.


lactonohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of lactone rings (intramolecular cyclic esters) to produce a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.


methyl indole-3-acetate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane + H2O = 6-hydroxyhexanoate.


Ser(Gly)-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala).


dihydrocoumarin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydrocoumarin + H2O = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


L-seryl-tRNA(Thr) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Thr).


all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl palmitate = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


1-16:0-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine sn-1 acylhydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + H2O <=> 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H+.


vinylacetate caboxylester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: but-3-enoate + H2O <=> allyl alcohol + formate.


deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxylimonoate + H2O = deoxylimononate D-ring-lactone + H+.


wax-ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a wax ester + H2O = a long-chain alcohol + a long-chain carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-(5-oxofuran-2-ylidene)propanoate + H2O <=> 3-maleylpyruvate + H+.


phorbol-diester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phorbol 12,13-dibutanoate = butanoate + H+ + phorbol 13-butanoate.


4-sulfomuconolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5-oxo-2-sulfonato-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate + H2O <=> maleylacetate + sulfite + 2 H+.


5-valerolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-valerolactone + H2O = 5-hydroxyvalerate.


prenylcysteine methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.


butyrolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyrolactone + H2O = 4-hydroxybutanoate.


L-rhamnono-1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-rhamnonate + H+.


pheophytinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide.


sialate 9-O-acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminate = acetate + H+ + N-acetylneuraminate.


diphthine methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphthine methyl ester + H2O = diphthine + H+ + methanol.


gluconolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = D-gluconate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,3-diglyceride = a monoglyceride + a fatty acid.


protein C-terminal methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.


short-chain carboxylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylic anion, where the carboxylic chain has 8 or fewer carbon atoms.


Cys-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro).


methyl jasmonate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a methyl jasmonate + H2O = a jasmonic acid + methanol.


4-methyloxaloacetate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxy-2,4-dioxobutanoate + H2O = H+ + methanol + oxaloacetate.


protein methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: [X]-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid + H2O = [X]-OH + methyl-D-glucuronic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) and an alcohol (-OH) group attached to a molecule, denoted here as [X].


Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


pheophytinase b activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin b + H2O <=> H+ + pheophorbide b + phytol.


sulfolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfolactone + OH- = HSO3(-) + maleylacetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(4-hydroxy-but-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, all-trans-retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinyl palmitate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


phosphatidyl phospholipase B activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + a phosphatidylcholine = sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 H+ + 2 a carboxylate.


acetylsalicylate deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylsalicylate + H2O = acetate + H+ + salicylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone <=> H+ + an N-acyl-L-homoserine.


trans-permethrin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-trans-permethrin + H2O <=> H+ + (3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol + (1S,3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + polyneuridine aldehyde = 16-epivellosimine + CO2 + methanol.


D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) = D-leucine + tRNA(Leu). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-leucine from residues in charged tRNA(Leu).


L-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-arabinonate + H+.


3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone + H2O = 3-oxoadipate.


heparan sulfate N-deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [heparan sulfate]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = acetate + H+ + [heparan sulfate]-alpha-D-glucosamine.


limonin-D-ring-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: limonoate D-ring-lactone + H2O = limonoate.


chlorogenate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorogenate + H2O = (-)-quinate + cis-caffeate + H+.


uronolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucurono-6,2-lactone + H2O = D-glucuronate.


brefeldin A esterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of brefeldin A to produce brefeldin A acid. Brefeldin A is also known as gamma,4-dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid lambda-lactone.


galactolipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 H2O = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 carboxylates.


actinomycin lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: actinomycin + H2O = actinomycinic monolactone.


methyl salicylate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+.


4-pyridoxolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-pyridoxolactone + H2O = 4-pyridoxate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-rhodomycinone + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-epsilon-rhodomycinone + methanol + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a monoglyceride + a fatty acid.


pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester + H2O = pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + H2O <=> sn-1-lyso-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + oleate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamate O(5)-methyl ester + H2O = protein L-glutamate + methanol.


hormone-sensitive lipase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: diacylglycerol + H2O = monoacylglycerol + a carboxylate; triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate; and monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a carboxylate.


acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(acyloxy)acyl group of bacterial toxin = 3-hydroxyacyl group of bacterial toxin + a fatty acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminoglycan = acetate + D-galactosaminoglycan.


acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acetic ester + H2O = an alcohol + acetate.


xylono-1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-xylonate.


pectin acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + H2O = pectate + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of acetyl esters of pectin, producing pectate, partially esterified pectin.


carboxymethylenebutenolidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide + H2O = 4 oxohex-2-enedioate.


sinapine esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-sinapoylcholine + H2O = choline + H+ + sinapate.


cutinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cutin + H2O = cutin monomers.


aclacinomycin T methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin T(1+) + H2O <=> 15-demethylaclacinomycin T + methanol + H+.


Ser-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala).


Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection

Infection of the genitalia by human papillomavirus.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (hercynine) + O2 = hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + H2O.


ramus muscularis of glossopharyngeus nerve

Branchiomotor branch of the glossopharyngeus nerve innervating the m. subarcuales rectus I.


alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


D-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


L-alanine oxidation to pyruvate via D-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to pyruvate, with D-alanine as an intermediate.


beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine.


L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination.


L-alanine oxidation to D-lactate and ammonia

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to D-lactate and ammonia.


D-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


D-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine.


arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


arabitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arabitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


Iatrogenic Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism resulting from medical treatment or intervention.


Acquired Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Hypoparathyroidism, Autosomal Recessive

Hypoparathyroidism associated with homozygous mutation(s) in the PTH gene, which encodes parathyroid hormone, or in the GCM2 gene, which encodes chorion-specific transcription factor GCMb.


Transient neonatal hypoparathyroidism

A disorder of decreased production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland in a newborn. It is due to maternal hyperparathyroidism. It may be characterized by hypocalcemic seizures in the first weeks of life.


Primary hypoparathyroidism

Abnormally low levels of parathyroid hormone due to a disorder originating within the parathyroid glands.


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid.


trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene entity with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.


anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen.


clearance of foreign intracellular nucleic acids

A defense process that protects an organism from DNA or RNA from an invading organism.


suppression of viral release by host

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.


antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

An immune response against microbes mediated by anti-microbial peptides in body fluid.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


cytolysis by host of symbiont cells

The killing by an organism of a cell in its symbiont organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


CRISPR-cas system

A defense response of that serves to clear host cells of foreign DNA and RNA. It has three distinct stage: acquisition of foreign DNA by integration into CRISPR loci in the host chromosome, CRISPR RNA (crRNA) biogenesis, and target interference. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, which describes the nature of the loci.


induced systemic resistance

A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.


natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


DNA restriction-modification system

A defense process found in many bacteria and archaea that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.


suppression of symbiont entry into host

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


defense response to symbiont

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that symbiont.


antiviral innate immune response

A defense response against viruses mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


male-specific defense response to bacterium

A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


clearance of foreign intracellular DNA

A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA.


natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.


defense response to oomycetes

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.


antifungal innate immune response

An defense response against a fungus mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

The directed killing of a tumor cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


antibacterial innate immune response

An defense response against a bacteria mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


male-specific antibacterial humoral response

An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid.


defense response to parasitic plant

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.


hemolymph coagulation

Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.


melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader.


systemic acquired resistance

The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.


melanization defense response

The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin.


innate immunity memory response

An immune response mediated by the innate immune system and directed against a previously encountered immunologic stimulus, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the initial response to that stimulus.


innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


defense response against perturbation of plasma membrane integrity

The cellular processes and signaling pathways by which a cell responds to disruption of the integrity of its plasma membrane by another organism. Some toxins produced by other organisms can form pores in membranes, or affect the membrane permeability.


age-related resistance

An innate immune response that is positively correlated with host plant development. As a plant develops, its innate resistance to pathogenic infections increases. The mechanisms involved in age-related resistance differ in nature or in aspects of regulation from the hypersensitive response (HR), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR).


clearance of foreign intracellular RNA

A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign RNA.


pigment granule membrane

Any membrane that is part of a pigment granule.


epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell that was derived from the epicardium over time, from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide = trans-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.


Circumscribed storiform collagenoma

A benign skin tumor characterized as a small, dome-shaped dermal nodule composed of fibroblasts in a dense collagenous background with storiform organization.  Rarely, multiple lesions can occur in connection with Cowden's disease.


Senile nevus

A benign skin lesion consisting of a cluster of capillaries at the surface of the skin, forming a red papular lesion.


chlorobenzophenone

A member of the class of benzophenones that is any substituted benzophenone in which at least one of the substituents is a chlorine.


detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


saddle joint

In a saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex.


NAD glycohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose without proceeding through a cyclic ADP-ribose intermediate.


epithelium of forearm

An epithelium that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition].


positive regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


elastin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin, a fibrous glycoprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 4-hydroxyacetophenone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


collagen type VII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(VII) chains; type VII collagen triple helices form antiparallel dimer, which in turn associate laterally to form anchoring fibrils that connect type IV collagen in the basal lamina to plaques in the underlying connective tissue. It binds laminin.


anilines

Any  aromatic amine that is benzene carrying at least one amino substituent and its substituted derivatives.


(R)-aminoglutethimide

The (3R)-enantiomer of aminoglutethimide.


isoflavonoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.


cinnamic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


anaerobic lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignin in the absence of oxygen. Lignin is a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


chalcone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


eugenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


cinnamic acid ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


guaiacyl lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guaiacyl lignin.


negative regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.


visual perception involved in equilibrioception

The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.


irregular bone

The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid.


vertebra

The ossified form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.


inferior nasal concha

A turbinal located on the maxilla bone.


negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


fluorenes

An ortho-fused polycyclic arene in which the skeleton is composed of two benzene rings ortho-fused to cyclopentane.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate.


positive regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


Primary Insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep; this difficulty does not occur in the context of another sleep disorder and is not etiologically linked to a mental disorder, substance use, or a general medical condition.


GAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAC codon.


tetrol

A polyol that contains 4 hydroxy groups.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic fluorinated and deuterated analogue of vitamin D3 which exhibits vitamin D receptor superagonist and anti-cancer activity.


1alpha,23(S),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 23 and 25 (with 1alpha,23S-configuration). An intermediate in the degradation pathway of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3.


(20S,23,24)-trihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration), 23 and 24.


A vitamin D that is 19-norcalcitriol carrying an additional 3-hydroxypropyl substituent at position 2. A synthetic analogue of vitamin D, it exhibits anticancer properties.


Nordihydroguaiaretic acid

A tetrol that is butane which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl groups. Masoprocol, the meso-form found in the leaves of the creosote bush (Larrea divaricata), is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor.


Eldecalcitol

A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with a 3-hydroxypropoxy group at position 2.


(20S,23,25)-trihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 (with S-configuration), 23 and 25.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with a 4-hydroxybutoxy group at position 2.


diphosphate-purine nucleoside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + a purine nucleoside = monophosphate + a purine mononucleotide.


germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation

Formation, in a germarium, of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell (a cystoblast). The germarium is the most anterior portion of an insect ovariole. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Cor triloculare

A congenital anatomic anomaly in which the heart has only three chambers.


Splenic Manifestation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Infiltration of the spleen by chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It primarily involves the white pulp.


aspartate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + ADP + H+.


amino acid kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an amino acid substrate.


glutamate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + ADP + H+.


homoserine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + ATP = O-phospho-L-homoserine + ADP + 2 H+.


hydroxylysine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine + GTP = 5-phosphonooxy-L-lysine + GDP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate 6-phosphate.


arginine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + ATP = N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine + ADP + 2 H+.


GMP catabolic process to IMP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including inosine monophosphate.


Kaposi's sarcoma of oral cavity

Kaposi sarcoma arising from the oral cavity.


extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.


mesonephric extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.


thoracic vertebra 12

The twelfth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


Parotid Gland Lipoma

A lipoma that arises from the parotid gland.


negative regulation of granulosa cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.


insect internal sensillum

Sensillum that is internal to the animal - i.e. having no part that is part of the cuticle.


insect Bolwig organ

Visual organ of the larva. It consists of a dense cluster of 12 ciliated photoreceptor neurons.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde. Chanoclavine-I aldehyde is at a branching point in the biosynthetic pathways of fumigaclavine C and ergotamine.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


positive regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.


evasion of host immune response via modulation of host complement system

Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host complement system, e.g. by possessing complement receptors which mediate attachment to, then infection of, host macrophages, which are eventually destroyed. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADPH + H+.


splenic arteriole

A tiny terminal artery that is continuous with the capillaries in the spleen.


spleen central arteriole

A blood vessel surrounded by the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath that connects the trabecular artery to the trabecular vein.


penicillar arteriole

One of the small straight arteries of the red pulp of the spleen; a branch of the spleen central artery that supplies the red pulp[WP,modified].


Pyrazine

A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


An  oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.


extrathymic T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway independent of the thymus.


old cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth

A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs, which is part of a cell that has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.


regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.


mannose-specific flocculation

The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to mannose residues on the other.


glucarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.


glucarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucarate, the dianion of glucaric acid, an aldaric acid derived from either glucose or gulose. There are two enantiomers L- and D-glucarate.


glucarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.


D-glucarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


D-glucarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate. D-glucarate is derived from either D-glucose or L-gulose.


D-glucarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


(3R)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH.


deoxyribonuclease IV (phage-T4-induced) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate 24,25-dihydrolanosterol.


proline racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline = D-proline.


modulation by symbiont of host protein localization to phagocytic vesicle

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localisation to the host phagosome. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Ann Arbor Stage I Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Ann Arbor Stage I Supradiaphragmatic Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma


Ann Arbor Stage I Subdiaphragmatic Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma


Diaper candidiasis

An inflammatory skin condition in the diaper area superimposed with Candida infection, characterized by a bright red rash with a sharply demarcated edge and satellite lesions. Skin folds are often involved.


cellular hypotonic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


hypotonic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


mutator focus

A type of punctate focus localized to the perinuclear region of germline cytoplasm in C. elegans. Mutator foci are required for RNA interference (RNAi) and serve as sites of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) amplification. As such, proteins that localize to mutator foci include RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs) and beta-nucleotidyltransferases. Mutator foci are distinct from, but adjacent to or partially overlap, P granules.


Stage IB Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v7


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H2O + O2 = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H2O2.


negative regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


regulation of type III hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


positive regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.


regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


negative regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


positive regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


helper T cell enhancement of B cell mediated immune response

Positive regulation of a B cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.


negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism.


positive regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


negative regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.


positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


positive regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


helper T cell enhancement of T cell mediated immune response

Positive regulation of a T cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.


negative regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


negative regulation of type III hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


positive regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


positive regulation of type III hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


sialic acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + H+(out) = sialate(in) + H+(in).


copper-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the copper chelate copper-nicotianamine (Cu-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of somatic stem cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.


positive regulation of somatic stem cell division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.


negative regulation of somatic stem cell division

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.


Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well-differentiated, low grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, or appendix. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


Meckel Diverticulum Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm (carcinoid tumor) that arises in a Meckel diverticulum.


riboflavin synthase complex

An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.


Fused-Smurf ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex. In D. melanogaster, it regulates ubiquitination and proteolysis of the BMP receptor Thickveins in cystoblasts, potentially by controlling Tkv ubiquitination and degradation.


Psoralen and long-wave ultraviolet radiation (PUVA) keratosis

A hyperkeratotic skin lesion that occurs in patients with a history of prolonged exposure to psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + O-demethylpuromycin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + puromycin.


5-formylcytosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formylcytosine+ 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-carboxylcytosine + succinate + CO2.


citrate (Si)-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the si-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA thus provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-S carboxymethyl group.


citrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA.


citrate (Re)-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the re-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-R carboxymethyl group.


cerebellar plate

The embryonic pseudostratified epithelium of the fourth cerebellar ventricle that eventually forms the vermis and ventral neuroepithelium.


L-Mannitol

The L-enantiomer of mannitol.


modulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in a second organism.


positive regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism increases the extent of relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.


modulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.


Oral Cavity Mucosal Melanoma

A rare melanoma that arises from the oral cavity. It is associated with a poor prognosis.


translation at presynapse

Translation that occurs at the presynapse.


translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission

Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission.


negative regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


negative regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme.


negative regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


negative regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


negative regulation of primary amine oxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary amine oxidase activity.


negative regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


negative regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


negative regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.


Trapezium-Trapezoid Joint

The articulation of the trapezium and trapezoid bones in the wrist.


regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


negative regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


extracellular matrix of synaptic cleft

The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the synaptic cleft.


coronal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized.


lambdoid suture morphogenesis

The process in which the lambdoid suture is generated and organized.


sagittal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the sagittal suture is generated and organized.


Tramadol

A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.


positive regulation of dentin-containing tooth bud formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that initiates the formation of a tooth bud by the secretion of a signal from a mesenchymal cell and its reception and subsequent change in the identity of an epithelial cell of the tooth bud.


Benign Adult Brain Stem Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm of the brain stem occurring in adults.


Medullary Hemangioblastoma

A hemangioblastoma that arises from the medulla oblongata. It may be associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease.


Childhood Brain Stem Gliosarcoma

A gliosarcoma that arises from the brain stem and occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Childhood Brain Stem Astrocytoma

The reemergence of brain stem astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Childhood Brain Stem Mixed Glioma

A mixed glioma that arises from the brain stem and occurs during childhood.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain stem

A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to the brain stem.


Recurrent Childhood Brain Stem Glioma

The reemergence of brain stem glioma in childhood after a period of remission.


Anaplastic Brain Stem Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma that arises from the brain stem.


Brain Stem Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that arises from the brain stem.


Anaplastic Brain Stem Glioma

An anaplastic glioma that arises from the brain stem.


cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of phosphate.


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NADPH+= + H+ + O2 = NADP+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: choline + O2 = betaine aldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


D-nopaline dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH.


Recurrent Acute Bilineal Leukemia

The reemergence of acute bilineal leukemia after a period of remission.


Recurrent Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia

The reemergence of mixed phenotype acute leukemia after a period of remission.


acute biphenotypic leukemia in relapse

The reemergence of acute biphenotypic leukemia after a period of remission.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in renal vesicle formation

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the renal vesicle.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephric renal vesicle formation

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephric renal vesicle.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephric renal vesicle formation

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephric renal vesicle.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephros.


The monomethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylserine.


phosphonoacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonoacetate, C2H4PO5, a substance composed of an acetate and a phosphonic acid residue.


cspyrone B1 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cspyrone B1.


ecdysteroid 22-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an ecdysteroid + ATP = an ecdysteroid 22-phosphate + ADP + H+.


tartrate epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate = (2R,3S)-tartrate.


bBAF complex

A brain-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight or nine proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or the SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila brm (brahma) gene, or an ortholog of either of these genes. Compared to the neuron-specific nBAF complex (GO:0071565) it does not contain DPF1, DPF3 or SMARCC1 or their orthologs. May contain PB1/BAF180.


Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Low Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Low Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Low Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Low Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


GTP cyclohydrolase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + diphosphate + formate + 3 H+.


2-oxoglutarate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


(+)-2-epi-prezizaene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-2-epi-prezizaene + diphosphoric acid.


2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate <=> 2 diphosphate + (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate = pyruvate + chloroacetaldehyde.


negative regulation of substance P receptor binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.


Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm, Pancreatobiliary-Type

A pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that form thin-branching papillae and exhibit high grade dysplasia.


Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm, Gastric-Type

A pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that are similar to gastric foveolar epithelial cells.