otomycosis

Fungus infection of the external ear, usually by aspergillus species


labyrinthine unilateral reactive loss

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


external ear lipoma

A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the external ear.


chronic tubotympanic suppurative otitis media

A suppurative otitis media which is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear cleft characterized by the presence of a persisting perforation within the pars tensa of the tympanic membrane, intermittent profuse muco-purulent otorrhea and gradually progressive conductive hearing loss of more than 12 weeks duration. It is caused by episodes of upper respiratory infections.


chronic tympanitis

Chronic form of tympanitis.


middle ear disorder

A disease involving the middle ear.


acute allergic mucoid otitis media

A blue drum syndrome caused by an allergen.


benign neoplasm of ear

A benign neoplasm that involves the ear.


myringitis bullosa hemorrhagica

A tympanic membrane disease that is characterized by blisters on the eardrum resulting from infection.


active cochleovestibular Meniere disease


acute sanguinous otitis media

A acute transudative otitis media which involves bloody effusion.


middle ear neuroendocrine tumor

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that involves the middle ear.


inner ear cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the internal ear.


benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Idiopathic recurrent vertigo associated with positional nystagmus. It is associated with a vestibular loss without other neurological or auditory signs. Unlike in labyrinthitis and vestibular neuronitis inflammation in the ear is not observed.


suppurative otitis media

Inflammation of the middle ear with purulent discharge.


chronic perichondritis of pinna

Chronic form of perichondritis of auricle.


chronic non-suppurative otitis media

Chronic form of non-suppurative otitis media.


internal auditory canal lipoma

A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the internal auditory canal, often presenting as an acoustic tumor. It may be intermixed with the vestibulocochlear nerve and may adhere to adjacent structures.


non-suppurative otitis media

A otitis media which involves transudation of fluid in the middle ear without pus formation.


internal auditory canal meningioma

A meningioma that affects the internal auditory canal.


patulous eustachian tube

A eustachian tube disorder with a wider eustachian tube which allows a larger bolus of bacteria-laden material from the nasopharynx during an infection to enter the middle ear, causing a more fulminant infection.


acute serous otitis media

A acute transudative otitis media with thin, watery and sterile effusion.


chronic purulent otitis media

Otitis media that persists for at least six weeks, and that is associated with otorrhea through a perforated tympanic membrane.


acute transudative otitis media

Acute form of non-suppurative otitis media.


acute allergic sanguinous otitis media

A acute sanguinous otitis media caused by an allergen.


external ear cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the external ear.


serous glue ear

Chronic form of serous otitis media.


X-linked mixed hearing loss with perilymphatic gusher

X-linked mixed deafness with perilymphatic gusher, also known as X-linked deafness type 2, is a rare form of non-syndromic genetic deafnesss affecting males and characterized by pathognomonic inner ear anomalies and conductive and profound sensorineural hearing loss. The inner ear anomalies are described as dilatation of the internal auditory meatus and fistulous connection between the cochlear basal turn and internal auditory canal resulting in perilympatic gusher on attempted mobilization of a fixed stapes. Obligate female carriers may suffer from mild to moderate hearing loss.


cholesteatoma of attic

A cholesteatoma in the attic


cholesteatoma of middle ear

A non-neoplastic lesion characterized by the proliferation of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that results in the accumulation of keratin and cells. It is usually caused by repeated infections. If left untreated, it may increase in size and destroy the adjacent delicate bones of the middle ear.


purulent acute otitis media

Acute form of suppurative otitis media.


acute otitis externa

Acute form of otitis externa.


blue drum syndrome

A acute transudative otitis media involving thick, viscid and mucuslike fluid effusion due to which the drum appears blue in color.


cochlear disorder

Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (cochlea) of the inner ear (labyrinth) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (endolymph).


malignant otitis externa

An otitis externa which involves infection of the external ear that has spread to involve the skull bone containing part of the ear canal, the middle ear, and the inner ear. It is caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas. This is common in people with weakened immune systems and in older people with diabetes.


allergic otitis media

A otitis media (disease) with a basis in a pathological type I hypersensitivity reaction.


acute allergic serous otitis media

A acute serous otitis media caused by an allergen.


endolymphatic hydrops

An accumulation of endolymph in the inner ear (labyrinth) leading to buildup of pressure and distortion of intralabyrinthine structures, such as cochlea and semicircular canals. It is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss; tinnitus; and sometimes vertigo.


chronic atticoantral disease

A chronic purulent otitis media which involves perforation in the attic region (pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane) or at the posterosuperior margin, with in-growth of squamous epithelium into the middle ear. This is caused as a result of poor ventilation of the middle ear and episodes of infection.


malignant otitis externa caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

An malignant otitis externa caused by infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


phacogenic glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma caused by either excessive size or spheric shape of the lens.


phacolytic glaucoma

An abnormal condition characterized by an acute autoimmune reaction of the eye. It is caused by hypersensitivity of the eye to the protein of the crystalline lens and commonly follows trauma to the crystalline lens or cataract surgery. Associated symptoms include swelling and inflammation of the eye, severe pain, and blurred vision. The substance of the lens is invaded by polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear phagocytes. Accurate diagnosis must differentiate between this condition and infectious endophthalmitis. Therapy is supportive and commonly includes the administration of corticosteroids and atropine. Refractory cases may require surgical removal of the lens.


noradrenergic neuron fate commitment involved in brainstem development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lactate (out) + H+ (out) = lactate (in) + H+ (in).


Colorectal Traditional Serrated Adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by prominent serration of the glands.


Colon Traditional Serrated Adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the colon.  It is characterized by prominent serration of the glands.


Colorectal Filiform Serrated Adenoma

A traditional serrated adenoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of prominent villous projections of the neoplastic epithelium.


peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-phenylalanine

The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-phenylalanine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-phenylalanine.


hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 4

Any familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SEC61A1 gene.


negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.


system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.


open tracheal system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


reproductive shoot system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a reproductive shoot system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


inflorescence development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


electrosensory lateral line system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the electrosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


somatic sensory system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatic sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic sensory system is the sensory system for the sense of touch and pain.


mechanosensory lateral line system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mechanosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mechanosensory lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.


flower development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem.


visual system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visual system over time, from its formation to the mature structure, including the eye, parts of the central nervous system (CNS) involved in processing of visual inputs, and connecting nerve pathways.


lateral line system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line system is a network of sensory organs (neuromasts) and lateral line nerves located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


shoot regeneration

The regeneration process by which a damaged or lost shoot regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to produce a new shoot meristem and subsequently a new shoot.


anterior lateral line system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated between the eye and the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the anterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The anterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians and are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project to the hindbrain. The anterior lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.


hypaxial region somite 2

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The hypaxial region of somite 2 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


mammary gland duct cavitation

Creation of the central hole of the mammary gland duct by the hollowing out of a solid rod.


myofibrillar myopathy 3

A rare, late adult-onset myofibrillar myopathy characterized by progressive distal muscle weakness associated with peripheral neuropathy and hyporeflexia. Ambulation may be lost within a few years.


positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to calcium ion

Any positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling that is involved in cellular response to calcium ion.


pheromone binding

Binding to a pheromone, a substance, or characteristic mixture of substances, that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


Penile Glomus Tumor

A glomus tumor that occurs in the penis.


Bone Glomus Tumor

A benign or malignant glomus tumor arising from the bone.


Glomus Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

A glomus tumor that shows atypical characteristics and has borderline malignant potential.


Solid Glomus Tumor

The most common morphologic variant of glomus tumor.  It is characterized by the presence of a nest of glomus cells surrounding capillary sized vessels.


Benign Glomus Tumor

A glomus tumor of small size characterized by the absence of nuclear atypia and mitotic activity.


Gastric Glomus Tumor

A rare glomus tumor that arises from the stomach.  It is seen in adults, especially women.  The majority of cases follow a benign clinical course.


glomuvenous malformation

Glomuvenous malformations (GVMs) are hereditary vascular malformations characterized by the presence of small, multifocal bluish-purple venous lesions involving the skin.


Dahlberg-Borer-Newcomer syndrome

Dahlberg-Borer-Newcomer syndrome is a very rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, described in 2 adult brothers, characterized by the association of hypoparathyroidism, nephropathy, congenital lymphedema, mitral valve prolapse and brachytelephalangy. Additional features include mild facial dysmorphism, hyperthricoses, and nail abnormalities.


PEHO syndrome

PEHO (Progressive encephalopathy with Edema, Hypsarrhythmia and Optic atrophy) syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder belonging to the group of infantile progressive encephalopathies.


congenital portosystemic shunt

Congenital portosystemic shunt is a rare, congenital anomaly of the great veins characterized by an abnormal communication between one or more veins of the portal and the caval systems, resulting in complete or partial diversion of the portal blood away from the liver to the systemic circulation. Clinical manifestations include liver atrophy, hypergalactosemia without uridine diphosphate enzyme deficiency, hyperammonemia, encephalopathy (resulting in learning disabilities, extreme fatigability and seizures), pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia from hepatopulmonary syndrome and benign or malignant tumors.


telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic, type 1


Neuhauser anomaly

Neuhauser anomaly is a rare cardiovascular morphological anomaly due to maldevelopment of embryonal aorta resulting in right aortic arch and left ligamentum arteriosum characterized by tracheoesophageal compression symptoms (stridor, dyspnea, dysphagia, apnoeic episodes, recurrent respiratory infections).


cerebral cavernous malformation 2

Any familial cerebral cavernous malformation in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CCM2 gene.


familial patent arterial duct

Familial patent arterial duct is a rare, genetic, non-syndromic, congenital anomaly of the great arteries characterized by the presence of an isolated patent arterial duct (PDA) (i.e. failure of closure of ductus arteriosis after birth) in several members of the same family. Clinical presentation is similar to the sporadic form and may range from neonatal-onset tachypnea, diaphoresis and failure to thrive to adult-onset atrial arrhythmia, signs and symptoms of heart failure and cyanosis limited to the lower extremities.


congenital stenosis of the inferior vena cava


congenital anomaly of the coronary sinus


anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-immunodeficiency-osteopetrosis-lymphedema syndrome

This syndrome is characterized by severe immunodeficiency, osteopetrosis, lymphedema and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.


subaortic course of innominate vein

Subaortic course of innominate vein is a rare congential anomaly of the great veins characterized by an anomalous course of the left brachiocephalic vein, passing from left to right below the aortic arch and entering the superior vena cava below the orifice of the azygos vein. Patients are frequently asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on imaging studies. Other cardiac malformations may be associated.


hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 3


congenital systemic arteriovenous fistula


aortic arch defects

Congenital abnormalities of the aortic arch result from aberrant development of one or more components of the embyronic pharangeal arch system. Any component of tihs system can regress or persist abnormally, resulting in an extensive array of aortic arch anomalies. Clinically, they are classified by those that cause (or are likely to cause) physiolgogical abnormalities and those that do not. Physiologic abnormalities include tracheobronchial compression, esophageeal compression, and abnormal blood flow patteren.


discrete fixed membranous subaortic stenosis


aneurysm or dilatation of ascending aorta


valvar pulmonary stenosis

A congenital cardiovascular malformation of the pulmonary valve in which there is narrowing or stricture (obstruction to flow).


lymphatic malformation 3

Any hereditary lymphedema in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GJC2 gene.


congenital anomaly of superior vena cava


telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic, type 5

Any hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GDF2 gene.


encircling double aortic arch

Encircling double aortic arch is a very rare congenital anomaly of the great arteries characterized by the presence of two aortic arches (right and left) which encircle and compress the trachea and esophagus, resulting in various respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. harsh breathing, stridor, dyspnea, cyanotic and choking episodes, chronic cough, recurrent respiratory tract infections, dysphagia and reflux). Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula have also been reported. It usually occurs isolated, but, on occasion, may be associated with other congenital heart anomalies and chromosomal aberations.


multiple cutaneous and mucosal venous malformations

Mucocutaneous venous malformations (VMCMs) are hereditary vascular malformations characterized by the presence of small, multifocal, bluish-purple venous lesions involving the skin and mucosa.


patent ductus arteriosus 3

Any patent ductus arteriosus in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PRDM6 gene.


congenital alveolar dysplasia due to FGF10

Any congenital alveolar dysplasia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FGF10 gene.


congenital anomaly of the great arteries


MPI-congenital disorder of glycosylation

MPI-CDG is a form of congenital disorders of N-linked glycosylation, characterized by cyclic vomiting, profound hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, liver fibrosis, gastrointestinal complications (protein-losing enteropathy with hypoalbuminaemia, life-threatening intestinal bleeding of diffuse origin), and thrombotic events (protein C and S deficiency, low anti-thrombine III levels), whereas neurological development and cognitive capacity is usually normal. The clinical course is variable even within families. The disease is caused by loss of function of the gene MPI (15q24.1).


lymphatic malformation 1

Any hereditary lymphedema in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FLT4 gene.


hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome 3


discrete fibromuscular subaortic stenosis


deafness-lymphedema-leukemia syndrome

Deafness - lymphedema - leukemia is a very rare, serious syndromic genetic disorder characterized by primary lymphedema, immunodeficiency, and hematological disorders.


pulmonary valve agenesis-ventricular septal defect-persistent ductus arteriosus syndrome


lymphatic malformation 5

A frequent form of late-onset, primary lymphedema characterized by lower limb lymphedema typically developing during puberty.


idiopathic pulmonary artery dilatation

Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilatation is a rare developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by the dilatation of the main pulmonary artery, with or without dilatation of the right and left pulmonary artery branches, and not attributed to any other cardiac, pulmonary and/or arterial wall disease. It may present with exertional dyspnea, fatigue, cough, hemoptysis, palpitation and chest pain, but may also be asymptomatic. In serious cases, trachea constriction due to postural changes may lead to attacks of cyanosis with severe dyspnea. Sudden cardiac death has been reported in some cases.


discrete subaortic stenosis

A type of constriction that is caused by the presence of a fibrous ring (discrete type) below the aortic valve, anywhere between the aortic valve and the mitral valve. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the left ventricle into the aorta.


pulmonary artery or pulmonary branch anomaly


familial bicuspid aortic valve

A rare, genetic, aortic malformation defined as a presence of abnormal two-leaflet aortic valve in at least 2 first-degree relatives. It is frequently asymptomatic or may be associated with progressive aortic valve disease (aortic regurgitation and/or aortic stenosis, typically due to valve calcification) and a concomitant aortopathy (i.e. aortic dilation, aortic aneurysm and/or dissection).


EPHB4-associated vascular malformation spectrum

Any vascular malformation in which the cause of the disease is a variation in the EPHB4 gene.


congenital pulmonary valve stenosis

Congenital pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a congenital heart malformation that is characterized by a right ventricular outflow obstruction with a clinical presentation that may vary from critical stenosis presenting in the neonatal period to asymptomatic mild stenosis. The obstruction in PS can be at the valvular, subpulmonary, or supravalvular levels (valvular, subpulmonary, supravalvular PS).


capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation 2


blue rubber bleb nevus

Blue rubber bleb nevus (BRBNS) is a rare vascular malformation disorder with cutaneous and visceral lesions frequently associated with serious, potentially fatal bleeding and anemia.


pulmonary atresia-intact ventricular septum syndrome

Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) is a rare form of cyanotic congenital heart malformation characterized by severe cyanosis and tachypnea. PA-IVS presents significant morphologic diversity: at the end of the spectrum are patients with a mildly hypoplastic and tripartite right ventricle (RV) and mild tricuspid valve (TV) hypoplasia, and at the other end are patients with severe RV and TV hypoplasia, often with RV-dependent coronary circulation.


Hypotrichosis - lymphedema - telangiectasia is an extremely rare syndromic lymphedema disorder characterized by early-onset hypotrichosis, childhood-onset lymphedema, and variable telangiectasia, particularly of the palms.


Hennekam syndrome

Hennekam syndrome is characterized by the association of lymphoedema, intestinal lymphangiectasia, intellectual deficit and facial dysmorphism.


atypical coarctation of aorta

Middle aortic coarctation is a rare vascular anomaly characterized by the segmental narrowing of the abdominal and/or distal descending thoracic aorta with varying involvement of the visceral and renal arteries that commonly presents in children and young adults with early onset and refractory hypertension, abdominal angina, lower-limb claudication and that can lead to life-threatening complications associated with severe hypertension (i.e. myocardial infarction, heart failure, aortic rupture, renal insufficiency and intracranial hemorrhage). It may be due to various congenital or acquired causes, but it is most often secondary to an acquired inflammatory disease (i.e. Takayasu arteritis or giant cell arteritis).


macrothrombocytopenia-lymphedema-developmental delay-facial dysmorphism-camptodactyly syndrome


congenital alveolar dysplasia

A congenital alveolar dysplasia characterized anatomically by a defective and hypoplastic development of pulmonary alveoli that is commonly associated with atelectasis and can be responsible for atelectasis.


lymphatic malformation

Primary lymphedema is caused by anatomic or functional defects in the lymphatic system, resulting in chronic swelling of body parts and lymphatic-system malformation.


right superior vena cava connecting to left-sided atrium

Right superior vena cava connecting to the left-sided atrium is a rare, congenital vascular malformation of the major vessels characterized by the right SVC passing medially and dorsally to the aortic root and draining into the left atrium. Patients usually present a right-to-left systemic venous blood shunt which may manifest with arterial hypoxemia, cyanosis, exercise dyspnea, clubbing of the fingers, palpitations, murmurs and/or potentially fatal brain abscess. Association with other cardiac anomalies has been reported.


pulmonary branch stenosis

Narrowing of the lumen of the right or left pulmonary artery branch.


segmental outgrowth-lipomatosis-arteriovenous malformation-epidermal nevus syndrome

Segmental outgrowth-lipomatosis-arteriovenous malformation-epidermal nevus syndrome is a rare, genetic, polymalformative syndrome characterized by progressive, proportionate, asymmetric segmental overgrowth (with soft tissue hypertrophy and ballooning effect) that develops and progresses rapidly in early childhood, arteriovenous and lymphatic vascular malformations, lipomatosis and linear epidermal nevus (arranged in whorls along the lines of Blaschko). Clinical symptoms of Cowden syndrome, such as macrocephaly and progressive development of numerous hypertrophic hamartomatous and neoplastic lesions involving multiple organs and systems, are also associated. Patients present an increased risk of developing cancer.


microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability

Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema or intellectual disability (MCLID) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by variable expression of microcephaly, ocular disorders including chorioretinopathy, congenital lymphedema of the lower limbs, and mild to moderate intellectual disability.


hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

A disorder of angiogenesis leading to arteriovenous dilatations: cutaneo-mucosal hemorrhagic telangiectasias and visceral shunting.


campomelia, Cumming type

Campomelia, Cumming type, is characterized by the association of limb defects and multivisceral anomalies.


Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome 1

Any Hennekam syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CCBE1 gene.


premature closure of the arterial duct

Premature closure of the arterial duct is a rare arterial duct anomaly, defined as a significant constriction or closure of the fetal arterial duct in the absence of structural heart defects with pathognomonic features of increased right ventricular afterload, tricuspid regurgitation and, consequently, right atrial dilation and right ventricular hypertrophy. The severity of symptoms is related to the degree and rate of ductal constriction and ranges from mild postnatal respiratory distress to development of ventricular failure with fetal hydrops and intrauterine death or severe cardiopulmonary compromise in the postnatal period. It may be associated with a prenatal exposure to cyclooxygenase inhibitors or corticosteroids.


fixed subaortic stenosis

Fixed subaortic stenosis (FSS) is a rare heart malformation characterized by the obstruction by membranous or fibromuscular tissue of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) below the aortic valve, that occurs as an isolated lesion or in association with additional cardiac malformations (e.g. ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta), that presents in childhood with signs of LVOT obstruction (e.g. dyspnea, chest pain, syncope, palpitations) and that can potentially lead to life-threatening complications (e.g. aortic regurgitation, infective endocarditis). It comprises three anatomical subforms: discrete fixed membranous subaortic stenosis (membranous tissue encircling the LVOT), discrete fibromuscular subaortic stenosis (fibromuscular tissue encircling the LVOT) and tunnel subaortic stenosis (fibromuscular diffuse tunnel-like narrowing of the LVOT), the two latter forms being generally more severe than the membranous form.


hereditary vascular anomaly

An instance of vascular anomaly that is caused by a modification of the individual's genome.


absence of the pulmonary artery

Unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital great vessels anomaly that commonly presents by dyspnea, frequent respiratory infections, hemoptysis and high-altitude pulmonary edema. UAPA is often associated with congenital heart malformation (CHM). In the absence of associated cardiac malformation (isolated UAPA; IUAPA), the condition may be asymptomatic until adult age.


aortic valve disease 2

Any aortic valve disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SMAD6 gene.


persistent left superior vena cava connecting to the left-sided atrium

Persistent left superior vena cava connecting to the left-sided atrium is a rare, congenital vascular malformation of the major vessels characterized by a persitent left superior vena cava which drains directly to the left atrium, without passing through the coronary sinus (that may be absent in some cases). Patients are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, however hypoxia, cyanosis, murmurs, palpitations, cardiac structural anomalies (e.g. atrial septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, cor triatrium) and risk of paradoxical embolization may be associated.


congenital pulmonary veins atresia or stenosis

Congenital pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis or atresia is a rare progressive life-threatening great vessels anomaly characterized by narrowing and obstruction of one or more normally positioned PV at their junction with the left atrium, that usually presents during early infancy with dyspnea, tachypnea, and repeated pulmonary infections, and eventually, when all PV of one lung are affected, results in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and consecutive pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It may manifest as an isolated lesion or associated with other cardiac defects such as congenital pulmonary venous return anomaly and septal defects.


congenital alveolar dysplasia due to TBX4

Any congenital alveolar dysplasia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TBX4 gene.


aortic arch interruption

Aortic arch interruption is a rare heart defect characterized by complete lack of anatomical continuity between the transverse aortic arch and the descending thoracic aorta. AAI should be distinguished anatomically from atresia of the aortic arch where continuity between these segments is achieved by an imperforate fibrous strand of various lengths.


alveolar capillary dysplasia without misalignment of pulmonary veins

A rare form of interstitial and vascular lung disease that presents as severe pulmonary hypertension and refractory hypoxemia early in life that is characterized by a lack of misalignment of the pulmonary veins.


congenital pulmonary venous return anomaly

Congenital pulmonary venous return anomaly is a cardiac malformation where some or all of the pulmonary veins drain into the right atrium or the systemic veins, with or without the presence of pulmonary venous obstruction, leading to various manifestations such as fatigue, exertional dyspnea, pulmonary arterial hypertension, cyanosis and progressive congestive heart failure. The two main subtypes are congenital partial pulmonary venous return anomaly (PAPVC), where one or a few of the pulmonary veins are anomalous, and congenital total pulmonary venous return anomaly (TAPVC), where all of the pulmonary veins are anomalous.


cerebral cavernous malformation 3

Any familial cerebral cavernous malformation in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PDCD10 gene.


left superior vena cava persisting to left-sided atrium


Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome 2

Any Hennekam syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FAT4 gene.


pulmonary valve agenesis-tetralogy of fallot-absence of ductus arteriosus syndrome

Pulmonary valve agenesis-tetralogy of Fallot-absence of ductus arteriosus syndrome is a rare congenital heart malformation characterized by a tetralogy of Fallot (pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect and right ventricular hypertrophy), complete absence or rudimentary pulmonary valve that is both stenotic and regurgitant and an absence of the ductus arteriosus. It presents prenatally with cardiomegaly, polyhydramnios, fetal heart failure, hydrops fetalis and fetal demise or postnatally with cyanosis and respiratory failure due to bronchomalacia secondary to bronchial compression from dilated pulmonary arteries. It is frequently associated with 22q11 deletion.


agenesis of the superior vena cava

Agenesis of the superior vena cava (SVC) is a rare congenital anomaly of the great veins characterized by unilateral or bilateral complete absence of the SVC. Unilateral agenesis is mainly asymptomatic (most of the time diagnosed incidentally) and patients usually have otherwise normal heart structure. Bilateral agenesis, however, is frequently associated with other congenital cardiac anomalies and/or conduction abnormalities (such as tetralogy of Fallot, atrial septal defect) and typically present symptoms of SVC syndrome.


famililal cerebral cavernous malformations

A rare evolutive vascular malformation disorder characterized by closely clustered irregular dilated capillaries that can be asymptomatic or that can cause variable neurological manifestations such as seizures, non-specific headaches, progressive or transient focal neurologic deficits, and/or cerebral hemorrhages.


congenital anomaly of the inferior vena cava


lymphatic malformation 4

Any hereditary lymphedema in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the VEGFC gene.


azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava


congenital vascular malformation

A congenital abnormality of the arteries and veins, lymph vessels or veins and lymph vessels.


absence of innominate vein

Absence of innominate vein is a rare congenital anomaly of the great veins characterized by absence of the left brachiocephalic vein (or innominate vein), resulting in an anomalous venous vasculature. Patients are usually asymptomatic and the anomaly is typically discovered intraoperatively. An association with persistence of left superior vena cava, permanent levoatrial cardinal vein or anomaly of the inferior vena cava has been reported in some cases.


hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 4


telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic, type 2

Any hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ACVRL1 gene.


internal carotid agenesis

Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis (uni or bilateral) is a developmental defect that may be asymptomatic or lead to cerebrovascular lesions. It is a rare malformation, with only around hundred cases reported in the literature. When symptoms are present, they are caused by cerebrovascular insufficiency, compression of the brain by vessels that dilate to compensate for the absence of the ICA, or the presence of an aneurysm. Associated intracranial aneurysms occur in 25 to 35% of patients and are often responsible for intracranial hemorrhage, which may present as the initial symptom. The absence of the ICA is the result of either agenesis or aplasia. The term agenesis is used when both the ICA and its bony canal are absent, whereas there is some evidence of carotid canals in cases of aplasia. The absence of the ICA can be detected by angiography or by computerized tomography.


Norman-Roberts syndrome

Lissencephaly syndrome, Norman-Roberts type is characterized by the association of lissencephaly type I with craniofacial anomalies (severe microcephaly, a low sloping forehead, a broad and prominent nasal bridge and widely set eyes) and postnatal growth retardation.


right inferior vena cava connecting to left-sided atrium


congenital patent ductus arteriosus aneurysm

Congenital patent ductus arteriosus aneurysm is a rare, congenital, arterial duct anomaly characterized by a saccular dilatation of the ductus arteriosus. It is often asymptomatic or presents shortly after birth with respiratory distress, stridor, cyanosis and/or weak cry. Complications, such as rupture, thromboembolism, infection, airway erosion and/or compression of the adjacent thoracic structures, can develop. Spontaneous resolution has been reported.


capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation 1


Stage IVA Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Ovarian cancer with pleural effusion with positive cytology. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IV Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1: M1: Distant metastasis, including pleural effusion with positive cytology; liver or splenic parenchymal metastasis; metastasis to extra-abdominal organs (including inguinal lymph nodes and lymph nodes outside the abdominal cavity); and transmural involvement of intestine. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IVB Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Ovarian cancer with liver or splenic parenchymal metastases; metastases to extra-abdominal organs (including inguinal lymph nodes and lymph nodes outside the abdominal cavity); transmural involvement of intestine. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


positive regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


smallpox

A condition that is caused by infection with Variola, and that is characterized by small, raised bumps.


Modified smallpox

Smallpox that occurs in an individual who has been vaccinated.


Testicular Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ with Extratubular Extension

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of large germ cells with abundant cytoplasm in the seminiferous tubules, associated with an invasive germ cell tumor in the adjacent tissues.


23S rRNA (guanine(745)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(745) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(745) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


trisomy 9p

Trisomy 9p is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from a partial or complete trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 9, with a wide phenotypic variablility, typically characterized by intellectual disability, craniofacial dysmorphism (e.g. microcephaly, large anterior fontanel, hypertelorism, strabismus, downslanting palpebral fissures, malformed, low-set, protruding ears, bulbous nose, macrostomia, down-turned corners of mouth, micrognathia), digital anomalies (brachydactyly and clinodactyly), and short stature. Less frequently patients present with cardiopathy and renal, skeletal, and central nervous system malformations.


L-alanine biosynthetic process via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, via the intermediate ornithine.


L-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


L-alanine biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine from other compounds, including pyruvate.


deep parotid lymph node

The deep parotid lymph nodes are lymph nodes found below the parotid gland. The afferents of the subparotid glands drain the nasal part of the pharynx and the posterior parts of the nasal cavities. Their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands.


infra-auricular lymph node

The infra-auricular deep parotid lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes found underneath the ear.


viral head-tail joining

Process by which virus heads and tails are attached to each other.


positive regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a change in membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a cardiomyocyte.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.


negative regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.


positive regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential.


positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.


regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


negative regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


positive regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.


regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential.


regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.


regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.


negative regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential.


Advanced Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Rectal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Metastatic Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Rectal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Locally Advanced Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Rectal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide-GDP + alpha-ribazole = GMP + adenosylcobalamin.


mediastinitis

An inflammatory process affecting the mediastinum.


nail of pedal digit

A nail that is part of a pedal digit.


peptidyl-methionine racemization

The racemization of peptidyl-methionine.


chiral amino acid racemization

The formation of a mixture of the two possible enantiomers from the D- or L-enantiomer of a chiral amino acid.


peptidyl-tryptophan racemization

The racemization of peptidyl-tryptophan.


peptidyl-leucine racemization

The racemization of peptidyl-leucine.


peptidyl-D-alanine racemization, direct

The racemization of peptidyl-alanine.


peptidyl-D-alanine racemization via peptidyl-L-serine

The dehydration of peptidyl-serine, followed by hydrogenation to produce peptidyl-D-alanine.


peptidyl-threonine racemization

The racemization of peptidyl-L-threo-threonine at the alpha-carbon to form D-allo-threonine. This is coupled with the formation of the cross-link 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine.


peptidyl-D-alanine racemization

The formation of peptidyl-D-alanine, by either racemization or from peptidyl-L-serine.


peptidyl-isoleucine racemization

The racemization of peptidyl-isoleucine.


peptidyl-phenylalanine racemization

The racemization of peptidyl-phenylalanine.


peptidyl-L-amino acid racemization

The process of conversion of a L-amino acid into its enantiomer, the corresponding D-amino acid.


peptidyl-serine racemization

The racemization of peptidyl-serine.


positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


Efferent Ductule Epithelium

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


extrahepatic bile duct epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition].


kidney pelvis urothelium

The epithelial lining of the luminal space of the kidney pelvis.


simple columnar epithelium

Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA].


epithelium of urethra

The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epithelium is the tubular, planar layer of cells through which the urine passes..


unilaminar epithelium

Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA].


urethra urothelium

An urothelium that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition].


bile duct epithelium

Any epithelium that lines one of the bile ducts.


epithelium of conjunctiva

Layer of nonkeratinized squamous epithelium lining the conjunctiva, overlying scleral tissue.


nephron tubule epithelium

The cellular avascular layer of the renal tubule luminar surfaces.


cuboidal epithelium

An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells.


epithelium of oropharynx

An epithelium that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition].


Pigment Epithelium

Tissue consisting of one or more layers of epithelial cells and a basement membrane. The cells contain granules of pigment or melanin, as in the retinal or iris pigment layer.


germinal epithelium of ovary

Layer of simple cuboidal cells covering surface of ovary[WP].


fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelium

A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a fourth ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


epithelium of vagina

The epithelial layer of the vagina.


stratified cuboidal epithelium

Stratified cuboidal epithelia is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of cuboidally shaped cells arranged in multiple layers. They protect areas such as ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.


epithelium of esophagus

The epithelial layer that lines the luminal space of the esophagus.


cervix epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix [Automatically generated definition].


Transitional epithelium

Stratified epithelium that changes shape from cuboidal to squamous when stretched without losing strength or consistency. This type of epithelium is found in the urinary tract.


Endometrial Tissue

The mucous membrane comprising the inner layer of the uterine wall; it consists of a simple columnar epithelium and a lamina propria that contains simple tubular uterine glands. The structure, thickness, and state of the endometrium undergo marked change with the menstrual cycle.


stratified columnar epithelium

Stratified columnar epithelia is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of column shaped cells arranged in multiple layers. Stratified columnar epithelia are found in the ocular conjunctiva of the eye, in parts of the pharynx and anus, the female's uterus, the male urethra and vas deferens. Also found in intralobular ducts in salivary glands.[WP].


epithelium of gonad

An epithelium surrounding a gonad.


simple cuboidal epithelium

Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.


Urinary bladder transitional epithelium

The epithelium of the bladder, which consists of multiple layers of transitional cells.


simple squamous epithelium

Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA].


prostate epithelium

The prostate epithelium.


ciliary epithelium

A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor.


Rathke's pouch

A pouch of ectoderm that grows out from the upper surface of the embryonic stomodeum and gives rise to the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland[MP]. In embryogenesis, Rathke's pouch is a depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system[WP].


seminiferous tubule epithelium

The stratified epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules, consisting of the developing spermatozoa and the supporting Sertoli cells, which are tall, columnar type cells that line the tubule.


oral epithelium

An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues.


lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium

A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


male prepuce epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a prepuce of penis [Automatically generated definition].


vagina squamous epithelium

A squamous epithelium that is part of a vagina.


intrahepatic bile duct epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition].


Lactiferous terminal ductal lobular unit


lens anterior epithelium

A layer of cuboidal epithelial cells bounded anteriorly by the capsule of the lens and posteriorly by the lens cortex.


cervix squamous epithelium

The squamous epithelium of the cervical portio is similar to that of the vagina, except that it is generally smooth and lacks rete pegs. Colposcopically, it appears featureless except for a fine network of vessels which is sometimes visible. The relative opacity and pale pink coloration of the squamous epithelium derives from its multi-layered histology and the location of its supporting vessels below the basement membrane.


pigmented layer of retina

A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup[ZFA]. the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells[WP].


epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn

An epithelium that is part of a crypt of Lieberkuhn.


stratified squamous epithelium

Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA].


urachus epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a urachus.


dental epithelium

Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ.


choroid plexus epithelium

The epithelial component of the choroid plexus. Consists of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue.


urothelium

An epithelial tissue layer that lines much of the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, the ureters, the bladder, and parts of the urethra.


Posterior Pigment Epithelium

Highly pigmented epithelium covering the posterior surface of the iris.


epithelium of mammary gland

The epithelial layer of the luminal surfaces of the mammary gland.


outer dental epithelium

Outer layer of cells of the dental organ.


epithelium of gall bladder

The simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder.


epithelium of tongue

An epithelium that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition].


inner dental epithelium

Inner layer of cells of the dental organ, nearest the odontogenic papilla, and composed of ameloblasts.


digestive tract epithelium

An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract.


squamous epithelium

An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells.


tympanic membrane epithelium

One of the two epithelia which make up the tympanic membrane (along with the fibrous layer).


glandular columnar epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA].


multilaminar epithelium

Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA].


intestinal epithelium

Epithelial layer that lines the intestine.


glandular epithelium

An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells.


sphenozygomatic suture

The Sphenozygomatic suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone.


frontomaxillary suture

A suture between the frontal bone and the frontal process of the maxilla.


occipitomastoid suture

The occipitomastoid suture is the cranial suture between the occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. It is continuous with the lambdoidal suture.


squamoparietal suture

The articulation of the squamous portion of the temporal bones with the parietal bones[MP]. The squamosal suture arches backward from the pterion and connects the temporal squama with the lower border of the parietal: this suture is continuous behind with the short, nearly horizontal parietomastoid suture, which unites the mastoid process of the temporal with the region of the mastoid angle of the parietal[WP].


sphenofrontal suture

The Sphenofrontal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone.


lambdoid suture

The dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the parietal bones and the occipital bone.


nasomaxillary suture

A cranial suture that connects a nasal bone and connects a maxilla.


cartilaginous joint suture

A cranial suture that is part of a cartilaginous joint [Automatically generated definition].


suture of hard palate

Any of the sutures of the hard palate.


fontanelle

Anatomical structure that is a membranous gap between bones of the skull[TAO]. In humans: Fontanelles are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. The ossification of the bones of the skull cause the fontanelles to close over by a child's second birthday. The closures eventually form the sutures of the neurocranium. Although there are the two anterior and posterior fontanelles, there are two more fontanelles of interest, the mastoid fontanelle, and the sphenoidal fontanelle[WP].


zygomaticomaxillary suture

A suture between the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the maxilla.


lateral fontanel of frontal

Fontanel within the frontal bone near the frontal-sphenotic joint. Lateral fontanel of frontal is paired.


ethmoidomaxillary suture

A suture between the orbital surface of the body of the maxilla with the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone.


sagittal suture

The dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the tetrapod parietal bones.


posterior fontanelle

A gap between bones in the skull at the junction of the sagittal suture and lambdoidal suture.


actinopterygian frontal-parietal joint

Fibrous joint connecting the actinopterygian frontal bone to the actinopterygian parietal bone.


posterior cranial fontanel

Fontanel that is located posterior to the epiphyseal bar, and typically located between the contralateral frontals and parietals (if present) and bordered posteriorly by the supraoccipital.


lacrimomaxillary suture

A suture between the lacrimal bone and the maxilla.


sphenoparietal suture

The Sphenoparietal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone.


coronal suture

The dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the tetrapod parietal bones and the frontal bone.


anterior cranial fontanel

Fontanel that is located between the contralateral frontals and anterior to the epiphyseal bar.


frontal suture

A suture that connects the two frontal bones of the skull.


maxillary-premaxillary suture

A suture between the maxilla and premaxilla.


anterior fontanel

In humans, the anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm in its antero-posterior and 2.5 cm in its transverse diameter. The fontanelle allows the skull to deform during birth to ease its passage through the birth canal and for expansion of the brain after birth. While the posterior and lateral fontanelles are obliterated by about six months after birth, the anterior is not completely closed until about the middle of the second year. Full ossification starts in the late twenties and finishes before the age of 50 . [WP,unvetted].


sphenomaxillary suture

An inconstant suture between the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the body of the maxilla.


median palatine suture

The line of junction between the horizontal parts of the palatine bones that extends from both sides of the skull to form the posterior part of the hard palate.


Isolated Premature Menarche

Occurrence of the first menstrual period in a girl before the lower limit of the normal age range for the reference population, without other signs of puberty.


irregular menstruation (diagnosis)

Deviations from the normal process; e.g. delayed, difficult, profuse, scanty, unusual bleeding, etc.


campomelic dysplasia

Campomelic dysplasia is a very rare disorder characterized by a variable association of skeletal abnormalities (bowed and fragile long bones, pelvis and chest abnormalities, eleven rib pairs instead of the usual twelve), and extraskeletal abnormalities (facial dysmorphology, cleft palate, sexual ambiguity or sex reversal in two thirds of the affected boys, and brain, heart and kidney malformations).


negative regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation.


ascospore wall beta-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the S1 cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


regulation of cellular component organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.


negative regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.


negative regulation of focal adhesion disassembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a focal adhesion into its constituent components.


positive regulation of mitotic cohesin dsDNA (leading strand) loading

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin dsDNA (leading strand) loading.


regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly.


negative regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly.


regulation of actomyosin structure organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin.


positive regulation of postsynaptic density organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density organization.


negative regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly.


negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I.


negative regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly.


regulation of postsynapse organization

Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse.


regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane raft polarization.


positive regulation of primary cell septum biogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of primary cell septum biogenesis.


regulation of division septum assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of division septum formation. Division septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.


regulation of mating projection assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.


regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte hypertrophy.


negative regulation of kinetochore assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinetochore assembly.


activation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint

Any process that starts the inactive process of a meiosis I cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.


positive regulation of phagosome maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagosome maturation.


regulation of lysosome organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.


negative regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly.


calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion

The regulatory process by which increased cytosolic calcium levels lead to the the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic active zone membrane by bringing primed synaptic vesicle membrane into contact with membrane presynaptic active zone membrane.


positive regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly.


regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


positive regulation of assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of a large subunit precursor of preribosome.


negative regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.


positive regulation of protein homotetramerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homotetramerization.


regulation of organelle organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.


negative regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.


positive regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction.


regulation of plasma membrane repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair.


regulation of actin filament annealing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament annealing, i.e. the end-to-end joining of existing actin filaments.


regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.


regulation of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion.


regulation of cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


regulation of postsynapse assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse.


positive regulation of collagen fibril organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor internalization.


positive regulation of protein tetramerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization.


positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization.


negative regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.


regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation.


negative regulation of tight junction disassembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction disassembly.


negative regulation of gap junction assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.


regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch utilization system complex assembly.


regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type IV pilus biogenesis.


regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly.


negative regulation of cellulosome assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulosome assembly.


negative regulation of excitatory synapse assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse assembly.


negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.


positive regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly.


positive regulation of vitellogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis.


negative regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of free ubiquitin chain polymerization.


negative regulation of meiotic spindle elongation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation.


positive regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex.


negative regulation of blood microparticle formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood microparticle formation.


regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell axon guidance.


negative regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


positive regulation of syncytium formation by virus

The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


positive regulation of synapse pruning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning.


negative regulation of mitotic division septum assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic division septum formation. Division septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.


regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly.


regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.


negative regulation of clathrin coat assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin coat assembly.


termination of bipolar cell growth

Any process that stops the active process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.


positive regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly.


regulation of mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B (spindle phase three).


regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly.


positive regulation of mitotic spindle organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle organization.


positive regulation of peroxisome organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization.


positive regulation of mitotic spindle disassembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle disassembly.


regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly.


positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization.


positive regulation of presynapse assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly.


regulation of excitatory synapse assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse assembly.


negative regulation of neuromuscular junction development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development.


negative regulation of phospholipid translocation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.


positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly. High-density lipoprotein particle assembly is the aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.


negative regulation of cell septum assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell septum assembly.


regulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dorsal/ventral axon guidance.


regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


positive regulation of plasma membrane repair

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair.


negative regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly.


regulation of postsynaptic density assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density.


regulation of cell-substrate junction organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization.


positive regulation of mitotic cohesin unloading

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin unloading.


regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections.


regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly.


negative regulation of microvillus length

A process that decreases the length of a microvillus.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization.


positive regulation of secretory granule organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization.


regulation of vitellogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis.


negative regulation of chromosome condensation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation.


positive regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch utilization system complex assembly.


negative regulation of mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B (spindle phase three).


negative regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


negative regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly.


negative regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell septum biogenesis.


positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane.


regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.


positive regulation of postsynaptic density assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density assembly.


negative regulation of myosin II filament organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin II filament organization.


regulation of mitotic cohesin dsDNA (leading strand) loading

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin dsDNA (leading strand) loading.


regulation of mitotic cohesin ssDNA (lagging strand) loading

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin ssDNA (lagging strand) loading.


regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of monomers to a filament.


negative regulation of microtubule nucleation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule nucleation.


regulation of modification of synapse structure, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that regulates the modification of synaptic structure and as a result regulates synaptic transmission.


positive regulation of apoptosome assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosome assembly.


regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization by cell-cell adhesion

Any cell-cell adhesion process that modulates the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


positive regulation of actin filament annealing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament annealing, i.e. the end-to-end joining of existing actin filaments.


negative regulation of chloroplast fission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chloroplast fission.


negative regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.


negative regulation of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fustion with Golgi apparatus.


positive regulation of stress granule assembly

Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of stress-granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.


regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly.


negative regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid scramblase activity.


positive regulation of gut granule assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gut granule assembly.


regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly.


regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II.


positive regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid scramblase activity.


positive regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane.


positive regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.


negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization.


positive regulation of myosin II filament assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin II filament assembly.


regulation of endocytosis by exocyst localization

Any process in which an exocyst is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location that results in the modulation of endocytosis. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.


negative regulation of death-inducing signaling complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of death-inducing signaling complex assembly.


negative regulation of apoptosome assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosome assembly.


positive regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane raft polarization.


regulation of FACT complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of FACT complex assembly.


negative regulation of DNA duplex unwinding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA duplex unwinding.


cell growth mode switching, monopolar to bipolar

The process in which a cell switches from monopolar cell growth to bipolar cell growth.


regulation of mitotic spindle disassembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle disassembly.


negative regulation of sarcomere organization

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.


regulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of formation of an ascospore-type prospore membrane.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.


regulation of basement membrane organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, disassembly or arrangement of constituent parts of the basement membrane.


negative regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch utilization system complex assembly.


negative regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane raft polarization.


positive regulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dorsal/ventral axon guidance.


regulation of pseudohyphal growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth.


regulation of actin filament organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization.


regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle uncoating.


positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric.


positive regulation of mitotic cohesin ssDNA (lagging strand) loading

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin ssDNA (lagging strand) loading.


regulation of apoptosome assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosome assembly.


regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring disassembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring disassembly.


negative regulation of non-motile cilium assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.


negative regulation of stress granule assembly

Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of stress-granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.


negative regulation of extracellular exosome assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly.


negative regulation of astral microtubule depolymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of astral microtubules.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle priming

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.


regulation of proteasome assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.


negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor internalization.


regulation of bipolar cell growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.


positive regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory synapse assembly.


positive regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


negative regulation of nodal receptor complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nodal receptor complex assembly.


positive regulation of spindle assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly.


positive regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly.


positive regulation of membrane invagination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination.


positive regulation of terminal button organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization.


regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane.


regulation of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization.


regulation of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly. Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.


regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.


negative regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.


regulation of DNA recombinase disassembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA recombinase disassembly, the disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent components.


negative regulation of lysosome organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.


negative regulation of DNA helicase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity.


positive regulation of integrin activation by cell surface receptor linked signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation by cell surface receptor linked signal transduction. This can occur by increased affinity of an integrin for its extracellular ligands.


regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.


negative regulation of mitotic cohesin loading

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin loading.


negative regulation of synapse organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse organization.


negative regulation of FACT complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of FACT complex assembly.


negative regulation of endothelial microparticle formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial microparticle formation.


positive regulation of nucleosome disassembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.


negative regulation of excitatory synapse pruning

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse pruning.


negative regulation of terminal button organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization.


positive regulation of mediator complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mediator complex assembly.


regulation of cell wall chitin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall chitin.


negative regulation of synapse pruning

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning.


regulation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint.


negative regulation of actin cortical patch assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin cortical patches.


positive regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intralumenal vesicle formation.


negative regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterior/posterior axon guidance.


positive regulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of an ascospore-type prospore membrane.


positive regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV pilus biogenesis.


regulation of exocyst assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocyst assembly.


positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport.


positive regulation of microvillus length

A process that increases the length of a microvillus.


regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly.


negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.


negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis.


negative regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization.


regulation of mitotic cohesin unloading

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin unloading.


negative regulation of bipolar cell growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.