DNA strand elongation involved in cell cycle DNA replication

Any DNA strand elongation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


bacterial-type DNA replication

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The DNA-dependent DNA replication, exemplified by prokaryotes, that occurs as part of the cell cycle. Prokaryotic DNA replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of replication on the circular genome.


regulation of spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation.


cohesin loading

The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA.


mitotic chromosome arm condensation

The cell cycle process in which chromosome arm chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.


meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in meiotic gene conversion

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.


sexual spore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a sexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from a product of meiosis.


male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion

The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male.


microtubule anchoring at spindle pole body

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.


germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

The process in which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


meiotic centromeric cohesion protection in anaphase I

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome centromeric region is maintained during homologous chromosome segregation at meiotic anaphase I  after cohesin is cleaved by separase along the arm regions.


meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs resulting in double strand break formation and repair through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


mitotic DNA replication termination

Any DNA replication termination involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the horsetail-astral array, a structure of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis.


meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid biorientation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid biorientation, the mitotic cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable, end-on attachments to the plus ends of microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, oriented such that separation can proceed.


mitotic G2 cell size control checkpoint signaling

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A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint prior to the G2/M transition of mitosis.


Okazaki fragment processing involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic metaphase II chromosome alignment

A chromosome localization process whereby chromosomes are positioned in a specific order and orientation at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), during meiosis II chromosome segregation. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.


mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase two)

The spindle organization process in which the spindle is maintained at a constant length during mitotic metaphase.


mitotic spindle pole body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitotic spindle pole body.


MCM complex loading

The protein localization process in which two MCM complexes become associated with chromatin at replication origins. MCM loading begins when origin-bound ORC and Cdc6 (Cdc18 in fission yeast) recruit one MCM2-7/Cdt1 complex to the origin, includes formation of a succession of intermediate complexes and ATP hydrolysis-dependent Mcm2-7 ring closure, and ends when two MCM hexamers fully encircle DNA, and are oriented head-to-head. The double hexamer is inactive for DNA unwinding. MCM loading takes place during G1 phase, and precedes CMG complex assembly.


spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore

The cellular process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex in meiosis I. During meiosis I sister kinetochores are lying next to each other facing the same spindle pole and monopolar attachment of the chromatid to the spindle occurs.


spindle assembly involved in male meiosis II

The formation of the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


secondary cell septum biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a secondary cell septum following nuclear division.


meiotic spindle elongation

The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.


negative regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


cellular bud neck septin ring organization

Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of a septin ring located at the bud neck.


meiotic sister chromatid arm separation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.


maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the chromosome arms, is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.


maintenance of protein location to spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location at the spindle pole body, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


meiotic spindle formation (spindle phase two)

The spindle organization process in which the spindle is maintained at a constant length during meiotic metaphase.


mitotic nuclear bridge organization

A mitotic cell cycle process which results in the assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of the mitotic nuclear bridge during closed mitosis.


DNA endoreduplication

Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. An example of this process occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes.


FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

A cytokinesis process that involves a set of conserved proteins including FtsZ, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.


phragmoplast assembly

The formation of a structure composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation. The structure usually contains antiparallel microtubules and membrane (often visible as vesicles).


mitotic sister chromatid biorientation

The mitotic cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable, end-on attachments to the plus ends of microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, oriented such that separation can proceed. This is the final step in metaphase plate congression.


meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis II

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis II.


meiosis I nuclear membrane reassembly

The reformation of the nuclear membranes during meiosis I.


anastral spindle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart, in the absence of centrosomes. Formation is initiated by the nucleation of microtubules (MTs) in the vicinity of condensed chromatin. MTs then attach to and congress around the chromatin due to activity of microtubule motors. A bipolar spindle is formed by focusing of the terminal ends of the MT array into spindle poles by molecular motors and cross-linking proteins.


mitotic DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly

Any DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the telomeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.


mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

The process in which a contractile ring is positioned in a specific location during the mitotic cell cycle. This process is critical for both for both symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions.


mitotic DNA replication lagging strand elongation

Any lagging strand elongation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


mitotic nuclear pore complex reassembly

The cell cycle process in which nuclear pore complexes reform during mitotic cell division.


meristemoid mother cell division

The asymmetric cell division by which a meristemoid mother cells (MMC) give rise to a meristemoid and another cell. The other cell may itself become a MMC or may generate an epidermal cell. Any cell that undergoes this type of division is a MMC.


metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis.


primary cell septum biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a primary cell septum following nuclear division.


meiotic DNA double-strand break processing

The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis.


astral microtubule nucleation

The 'de novo' formation of an astral microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule.


mitotic spindle disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.


subnuclear spatial organization of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin

The localization of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin at a specific location in the nucleus.


removal of RNA primer involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any DNA replication, removal of RNA primer that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


karyomere membrane fusion

Process whereby karyomere membranes fuse during interphase to form a single lobed nucleus.


DNA synthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitotic DNA replication.


early meiotic recombination nodule assembly

During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during leptotene and zygotene.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring maturation

The cellular process in which the mitotic contractile ring cytokinetic ring attains its fully functional state.


nuclear DNA replication termination

Any DNA replication termination that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic heteroduplex formation

During meiosis, the formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.


ascospore-type prospore membrane formation

The process in which the nascent membrane forms at the meiotic outer plaque and grows until closure occurs and forespores, or prospores, are formed.


ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body remodeling

A spindle pole body (SPB) organization process that takes place during the second meiotic division during ascospore formation and results in the structural reorganization of the SPB; includes the recruitment of sporulation-specific proteins to the outer plaque to form the meiotic outer plaque (MOP).


positive regulation of spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation.


kinetochore disassembly involved in meiotic chromosome organization

The cell cycle process in which outer kinetochore components delocalize from the centromere, contributing to the rearrangement of chromosomes into the orientation characteristic of meiotic prophase I.


meiotic spindle checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and that the chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


synthesis of RNA primer involved in cell cycle DNA replication

Any DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


protein localization to mitotic actomyosin contractile ring

Any protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring that is involved in mitotic cytokinesis.


mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms

The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during mitosis.


cytokinesis, division site positioning

The process in which a contractile ring is positioned in a specific location. This process is critical for both for both symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions.


mitotic G1 cell size control checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.


homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole in meiosis I anaphase

The directed movement of homologous chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis I anaphase.


mitotic cohesin loading

The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA as part of the mitotic cell cycle.


attachment of meiotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

The cellular process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex in meiosis.


negative regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.


nuclear DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding

Any DNA duplex unwinding that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


bacterial-type DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.


mitotic spindle orientation checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that monitors and signals errors in the placement or orientation of the spindle in the cell. This delays the completion of anaphase until errors are corrected.


spindle pole body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle pole body (SPB). The SPB is the microtubule organizing center in fungi, and is functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


oocyte karyosome formation

The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.


female meiosis chromosome separation

The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during female meiosis.


microsporogenesis

The process in which the microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid microspores.


initial meiotic spindle pole body separation

The release of duplicated meiotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs).


cell cycle DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

Any maintenance of fidelity that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


mitotic spindle pole body duplication

Any spindle pole body duplication that is involved in the mitotic cell cycle.


meiotic mismatch repair involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.


regulation of actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of contraction of the actomyosin ring involved in cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.


pre-replicative complex assembly involved in premeiotic DNA replication

Any pre-replicative complex assembly involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.


vesicle fusion with nuclear membrane involved in mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly

The cell cycle process that results in the joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the nucleus, and contributes to mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly.


maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.


ascospore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ascospore wall. During sporulation in Ascomycota, each ascospore nucleus becomes surrounded by a specialized spore wall, formed by deposition of spore wall components in the lumenal space between the outer and inner leaflets of the prospore membrane. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


mitotic nuclear pore complex disassembly

The mitotic cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear pores occurs during open or closed mitosis.


pre-replicative complex assembly involved in cell cycle DNA replication

Any pre-replicative complex assembly that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic joint molecule formation

The conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination. These joint molecules contain Holliday junctions on either side of heteroduplex DNA.


mitotic cell size control checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during mitosis.


synthesis of RNA primer involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

Any synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


initial mitotic spindle pole body separation

The release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) that begins with the nucleation of microtubules from each SPB within the nucleus, leading to V-shaped spindle microtubules. Interpolar microtubules that elongate from each pole are interconnected, forming overlapping microtubules. Capturing and antiparallel sliding apart of microtubules promotes the initial separation of the SPB.


lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

The cellular process in which sister chromatids become laterally attached to spindle microtubules as part of mitotic metaphase plate congression. Attachment precedes migration along microtubules towards the spindle equator (metaphase plate).


ascospore wall chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.


mitotic DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding

Any DNA duplex unwinding involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in meiotic gene conversion

The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


GINS complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a GINS complex, a heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with DNA replication origins and replication forks.


microtubule anchoring at mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a mitotic spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.


meiotic strand invasion involved in meiotic gene conversion

The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination.


pre-replicative complex assembly involved in bacterial-type DNA replication

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the bacterial pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the bacterial oriC during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.


double-strand break repair involved in meiotic recombination

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix that contributes to reciprocal meiotic recombination.


cytokinesis by cell plate formation

The process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parent cell where a structure forms in the cytoplasm and grows until reaching the plasma membrane, thereby completely separating the cytoplasms of adjacent progeny cells. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


mitotic DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


nuclear cell cycle DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic mismatch repair involved in meiotic gene conversion

A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


nuclear DNA replication DNA ligation

Any DNA ligation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


premeiotic DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly

Any DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly that is involved in meiotic cell cycle.


linear element maturation

The meiotic cell cycle chromosome organization process in which LinE complexes closely associate with chromatin during meiotic prophase to form mature linear elements.


karyomere assembly

The process where the nuclear membrane engulfs condensed chromosomes to form karyomeres during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


microtubule plus-end directed mitotic chromosome migration

The cell cycle process in which chromosomes that are laterally attached to one or more mitotic spindle microtubules migrate towards the spindle equator via plus-end-directed movement along the microtubules. This process is part of mitotic metaphase plate congression.


response to meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling.


distributive segregation

The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during a normally chiasmate meiosis under the condition that chiasma have not occurred between a particular pair of homologs. Distributive segregation is a backup mechanism to ensure the segregation of homologs that have failed to cross over - either as a consequence of mutation or not, as, for example, the 4th chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (which never exchanges, presumably due to its small size) - but nevertheless segregate normally.


meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint, that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic cell cycle until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


meiotic recombination nodule assembly

During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes.


meiotic centromere clustering

The process by which centromeres/kinetochores attach to and migrate along microtubules to become localized to clusters at the spindle pole body during a meiotic prometaphase I.


cell cycle DNA replication DNA ligation

Any DNA ligation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


male meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during male meiosis.


DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the DNA replication preinitiation complex, a protein-DNA complex that is assembled at DNA replication origins as part of initiation of DNA replication. The complex consists of proteins that initiate the DNA binding, melt the helix and enable helicase activity.


megasporogenesis

The process in which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus.


meiosis II nuclear membrane reassembly

The reformation of the nuclear membrane during meiosis II.


meiotic spindle disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.


mitotic spindle pole body insertion into the nuclear envelope

A process in which the duplicated mitotic spindle pole body is inserted into a fenestra which opens in the nuclear envelope in early mitosis, and is subsequently tethered to the membrane.


cell cycle DNA replication DNA unwinding

Any DNA unwinding that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


spore membrane bending pathway

The process in which a bending force is generated in the prospore membrane to form the characteristic curved shape of the prospore.


spindle assembly involved in male meiosis

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


centromere detachment from spindle pole body involved in meiotic chromosome organization

The cell cycle process in which centromeres dissociate from the spindle pole body, contributing to the rearrangement of chromosomes into the orientation characteristic of meiotic prophase I.


assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in mitotic cytokinesis

Any assembly of mitotic cytokinetic actomyosin apparatus.


division septum site selection

The process of marking the site where a division septum will form.


meiotic spindle midzone assembly

The formation of the spindle midzone, the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap, as a part of the process of meiosis.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any actomyosin contractile ring contraction that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


achiasmate meiosis I

The first division of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, occurring in the constitutive absence of chiasmata.


mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one)

The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic prophase.


meiosis I cell cycle process

A process that contributes to the first meiotic division. The first meiotic division is the reductive division resulting in the separation of homologous chromosome pairs.


meiotic cell cycle phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next meiotic cell cycle phase.


mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric

The cell cycle process in which telomeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis.


establishment of mitotic spindle asymmetry

The mitotic spindle organization process by which a mitotic spindle becomes asymmetric either in position or structure.


mitotic nuclear membrane organization

A mitotic cell cycle process which results in the assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane during mitosis.


assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis

The assembly and arrangement of an apparatus composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.


premeiotic DNA replication

The replication of DNA that precedes meiotic cell division.


sperm karyosome formation

The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the spem nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.


synthesis of RNA primer involved in bacterial-type DNA replication

Any synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.


generative cell mitosis

The process in which the generative cell divides by mitosis to form two haploid cells. These will subsequently differentiate into sperm cells.


mitotic nuclear membrane biogenesis

A process in which the nuclear inner or outer membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together during mitotic nuclear division.


lamin depolymerization

The cell cycle process in which lamin is depolymerized.


midbody abscission

The process by which the midbody, the cytoplasmic bridge that connects the two prospective daughter cells, is severed at the end of mitotic cytokinesis, resulting in two separate daughter cells.


spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


meiosis II nuclear membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during the second division of meiosis.


mitotic nuclear envelope segregation

The mitotic cell cycle process in which the nuclear envelope, including nuclear pores, is equally distributed to the two daughter cells during the mitotic cell cycle.


meiotic nuclear membrane reassembly

The cell cycle process in which the reformation of the nuclear membranes during meiosis occurs.


late meiotic recombination nodule assembly

During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during pachytene. Involved in the catalysis crossing over.


premeiotic DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding

Any DNA duplex unwinding involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.


mitotic DNA-templated DNA replication

A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands during the mitotic cell cycle.


establishment of mitotic spindle orientation involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures and contributes to oriented chondrocyte division in the growth plate.


mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects a defect in cytokinesis and prevents further rounds of nuclear division until cytokinesis is completed.


meiotic nuclear division

One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


cleavage furrow ingression

Advancement of the cleavage furrow from the outside of the cell inward towards the center of the cell. The cleavage furrow acts as a 'purse string' which draws tight to separate daughter cells during cytokinesis and partition the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells. The furrow ingresses until a cytoplasmic bridge is formed.


protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any protein localization to cell division site that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


axial cellular bud site selection

The process of defining the next site of bud emergence adjacent to the last site of bud emergence on a budding cell.


mitotic DNA replication leading strand elongation

Any leading strand elongation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic strand displacement

The cell cycle process in which the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA is rejected. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules. This occurs during meiosis.


meiotic mismatch repair

A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis.


mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during mitosis.


maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.


mitotic spindle pole body localization

A process in which a mitotic spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific cellular location.


actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament bundle convergence

A process of actin filament bundle distribution that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis, and that results in the compaction of actin filaments into a tight ring.


meiotic DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.


membrane addition at site of mitotic cytokinesis

A mitotic cell cycle process involved in the net addition of membrane at the site of cytokinesis; includes vesicle recruitment and fusion, local lipid synthesis and insertion.


meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation

Any meiotic cell cycle process that is involved in oocyte maturation.


mitotic DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

Any maintenance of fidelity that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


bacterial-type DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding

Any DNA duplex unwinding that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.


pre-replicative complex assembly involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the nuclear pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the eukaryotic DNA replication origin and is required for replication initiation.


female meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during female meiosis.


anastral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the anastral spindle in male meiotic cells.


mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)

The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B.


Cdv-dependent cytokinesis

A cytokinesis that involves a set of conserved proteins including the Cdv proteins, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.


meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in meiotic gene conversion

The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang resulting in the transfer of genetic information from one helix to another.


mitotic nuclear division

A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell.


mitotic division septum assembly

The assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following mitotic cytokinesis. The progeny cells that form a division septum are not able to exchange intracellular material.


exit from meiosis

Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase of meiosis II to the creation of end products of meiosis, in which ploidy is reduced by half.


signal transduction involved in cytokinesis checkpoint

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cytokinesis checkpoint.


male meiosis cytokinesis

A cell cycle process that occurs as part of the male meiotic cell cycle and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells.


establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a mitotic cell cycle.


synthesis of RNA primer involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any synthesis of RNA primer involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


ascospore formation

The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota).


actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament organization

An actin filament organization process that contributes to actomyosin contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis.


ascospore-type prospore assembly

During ascospore formation, the process in which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane.


linear element assembly

The cell cycle process in which linear elements are assembled in association with fission yeast chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Linear element assembly begins with LinE complex formation and ends when LinE complexes are associated with chromatin in structures visible as nuclear foci. A linear element is a proteinaceous scaffold related to the synaptonemal complex.


DNA double-strand break attachment to nuclear envelope

A process in which the DNA double-strand breaks are attached to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body, or iMTOCs.


membrane addition at site of cytokinesis

Any process involved in the net addition of membrane at the site of cytokinesis; includes vesicle recruitment and fusion, local lipid synthesis and insertion.


protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle pole body.


meiotic sister chromatid separation

The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.


microtubule bundle formation involved in mitotic spindle midzone assembly

Any microtubule bundle formation that is involved in spindle midzone assembly involved in mitosis.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament organization

Any actin filament organization that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


maintenance of spindle location

Any process in which the spindle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


DNA strand elongation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

Any DNA strand elongation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


meiosis I nuclear membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during the first division of meiosis.


zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in embryo sac

The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


re-entry into mitotic cell cycle after pheromone arrest

The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by pheromone-arrested cells that have not mated. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis I.


G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from meiotic G2 phase to M phase of meiosis I.


meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


actomyosin contractile ring maturation

The cellular process in which the contractile ring cytokinetic ring attains its fully functional state.


cell cycle DNA replication termination

Any DNA replication termination that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

Any spindle assembly checkpoint that is involved in meiosis I.


meiotic strand invasion involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


mitotic chromosome centromere condensation

The cell cycle process in which centromere chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis.


meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in meiotic gene conversion

The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


mitotic morphogenesis checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint which delays mitotic onset in response to perturbations that affect cell shape via the actin cytoskeleton, septin organization, small cell size, and/or the extent of membrane growth.


karyosome formation

The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the germ cell nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.


repair of mitotic kinetochore microtubule attachment defect

The mitotic cell cycle process where kinetochore microtubule attachment defects are corrected.


mitotic DNA replication DNA ligation

Any DNA ligation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any actomyosin contractile ring assembly that is involved in mitotic cytokinesis.


guard mother cell cytokinesis

The stereotyped symmetric cell division by which guard mother cell give rise to stomatal guard cells.


actomyosin contractile ring organization

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actomyosin contractile ring.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring disassembly

Any disaggregation of an actomyosin contractile ring into its constituent components that is involved in a mitotic cell cycle.


meiosis II cell cycle process

A process that coontributes to the second meiotic division. The second meiotic division separates chromatids resulting in a haploid number of chromosomes.


dysgerminoma of ovary

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the ovary. Morphologically, it is identical to seminoma and consists of a monotonous population of germ cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and uniform nuclei. The stroma invariably contains chronic inflammatory cells, mostly T-lymphocytes. It responds to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the prognosis relates to the tumor stage.


pediatric ovarian dysgerminoma

A dysgerminoma that arises from the ovary and occurs in children.


subpallium radially oriented migration

The migration of cells in the developing subpallium in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.


vitamin D deficiency

Abnormally low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood.


Low serum calcitriol

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A reduced concentration of calcitriol in the blood. Calcitriol is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.


Decreased circulating calcifediol concentration

A reduced concentration of calcifediol in the blood. Calcifediol is also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3.


Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma, ROS1-Altered

A high-grade cellular astrocytoma that arises in the cerebral hemisphere and occurs in early childhood. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase fusions in the ROS1 gene.


peptidyl-lysine dihydroxylation to 4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine

The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 5-hydroxy-L-lysine

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation involved in bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification

Any peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation that is involved in bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification.


peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-lysine hydroxylation to peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-lysine

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-lysine.


FSH-Producing Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).


Anterior Pituitary Gland Neoplasm

A neoplasm arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The vast majority are pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (formerly pituitary adenomas).


Immature PIT1 Lineage Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

An immature pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of PIT1-lineage adenohypophyseal cells with cytologic atypia and limited differentiation towards thyrotroph, somatotroph, and/or lactotroph cells. (WHO)


Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor without Distinct Lineage Differentiation

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that belongs to more than one adenohypophysial cell lineage or does not show evidence of adenohypophysial hormonal immunoreactivity and specific adenohypophysial cell derivation.


Locally Advanced Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Somatotroph-Lactotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that produces both growth hormone and prolactin.


Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor of PIT1-Lineage

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor arising from PIT1-lineage adenohypophysial cells.


Densely Granulated Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of basophilic PAS-positive cells that are diffusely and strongly positive for ACTH, consistent with the abundance of secretory granules seen at the ultrastructural level. (WHO)


Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor of SF1-Lineage

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor arising from SF1-lineage adenohypophysial cells.


Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in which further characterization regarding subtyping is not available.


Crooke Cell Tumor

A corticotroph pituitary tumor composed of cells with Crooke hyaline change. Ring-like cytokeratin expression is typical of these neoplasms. ACTH expression is dislocated to the cell periphery and juxtanuclear region. Ultrastructurally, intermediate filaments are arranged in a ring-like pattern. (WHO)


Mammosomatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of acidophilic cells that produce both growth hormone and prolactin. Immunohistochemical studies reveal the presence of these two hormones localized in the same cell.


Null Cell Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor without hormonal immunoreactivity or evidence of specific adenohypophyseal cell derivation.


LH-Producing Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that produces luteinizing hormone (LH).


non-functioning pituitary adenoma

A hormone producing or non-producing pituitary gland adenoma not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


Pituitary macroadenoma

A pituitary gland adenoma that is larger than 10mm.


growth hormone-producing pituitary gland adenoma

An adenoma of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that produces growth hormone. The vast majority of cases are hormonally functioning and are associated with either gigantism or acromegaly.


Plurimorphous Plurihormonal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A plurihormonal pituitary neuroendocrine tumor consisting of two or more different cell lineages. (WHO)


Non-Functioning Densely Granulated Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A densely granulated corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


ACTH-producing pituitary gland carcinoma

A rare, hormonally functioning or non-functioning pituitary gland adenocarcinoma that produces corticotropin. It may be associated with Cushing disease.


Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor/Macroadenoma

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor/macroadenoma not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


pituitary blastoma

A pituitary cancer that is characterized by features of Cushing disease, with elevated blood ACTH levels and hypercortisolism arising within the fetal anterior pituitary and associated with DICER1 mutations.


mixed somatotroph-lactotroph pituitary gland adenoma

An infrequent pituitary gland adenoma composed of an admixture of acidophilic and chromophobic cells that produce growth hormone and prolactin respectively. Unlike mammosomatotroph adenomas, these two hormones are not localized in the same cell by immunohistochemistry.


Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor/Macroadenoma

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor/macroadenoma associated with a hormonal syndrome.


Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor/Microadenoma

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor/microadenoma associated with a hormonal syndrome.


Recurrent Anterior Pituitary Gland Neoplasm

The reemergence of a pituitary gland neoplasm after a period of remission.


pituitary adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma with poor prognosis, arising from the adenohypophysial cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland or pre-existing adenomas. The majority are hormonally functioning neoplasms, usually producing prolactin or ACTH. The diagnosis is based on the presence of metastases. Syndromes associated with pituitary gland carcinomas include hyperprolactinemia, Cushing disease, and acromegaly.


Double Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors of Distinct Lineages

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors composed of adenohypopheseal cells of two lineages or a null cell tumor in combination with a lineage-specific pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in the same gland.


Non-Functioning Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

Corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


prolactin-producing pituitary gland carcinoma

A rare, hormonally functioning or non-functioning pituitary gland adenocarcinoma that produces prolactin.


growth hormone-producing pituitary gland carcinoma

A rare, hormonally functioning or non-functioning pituitary gland adenocarcinoma that produces growth hormone. It may be associated with acromegaly.


Monomorphous Plurihormonal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A plurihormonal pituitary neuroendocrine tumor consisting of a single cell type producing two (or rarely more) hormones. (WHO)


Ectopic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that does not involve the sella turcica.


Acidophil Stem Cell Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

An infrequent pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of cells showing immunoreactivity for prolactin and less often growth hormone. Electron microscopic studies reveal giant mitochondria, a finding not present in any other type of pituitary gland adenomas.


ACTH-producing pituitary gland adenoma

An adenoma of the pituitary gland that produces corticotropin. The vast majority of cases are associated with Cushing disease. Clinical manifestations include truncal obesity with thin extremities, thinning of the skin, osteoporosis, and a tendency to bruise easily. Silent or hormonally non-functioning ACTH producing adenomas have also been described. They produce symptoms of a mass-related lesion.


Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor/Microadenoma

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor/microadenoma not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor of TPIT-Lineage

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor arising from TPIT-lineage adenohypophysial cells.


Sparsely Granulated Somatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A growth hormone-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of small, round cells containing fibrous bodies and scarce, small secretory granules.


Densely Granulated Lactotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A rare prolactin-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of acidophilic cells with many large secretory granules.  The endoplasmic reticulum is not as abundant as in the sparsely granulated subtype.


Sparsely Granulated Lactotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A prolactin-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of relatively large, chromophobic or slightly acidophilic cells with well developed, abundant endoplasmic reticulum, and many immature secretory granules.  Mature secretory granules are sparse.


Metastatic Unresectable Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

Metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Plurihormonal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that expresses adenohypophyseal hormones and belongs to more than one adenohypophysial cell lineage.


Mature Plurihormonal PIT1 Lineage Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of PIT1-lineage adenohypophyseal cells with acidophilic cytoplasm, extensive immunoreactivity for growth hormone and variable immunoreactivity for TSH, prolactin, and alpha-subunit. (WHO)


Sparsely Granulated Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of faintly basophilic or chromophobic PAS-positive cells with weak or patchy positivity for ACTH, consistent with the scant, small secretory granules seen ultrastructurally. (WHO)


Atypical Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A usually aggressive and invasive pituitary neuroendocrine tumor characterized by excessive p53 immunoreactivity, increased mitotic activity, and MIB-1 proliferative index greater than 3%.


Densely Granulated Somatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A growth hormone-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of medium-sized acidophilic cells with granular cytoplasm and abundant secretory granules.


A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor with a diameter equal or less than 10 mm.


Multiple Synchronous Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors of Distinct Lineages

Multiple pituitary neuroendocrine tumors composed of adenohypopheseal cells of two or more lineages or a null cell tumor in combination with a lineage-specific pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in the same gland.


Non-Functioning Sparsely Granulated Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A sparsely granulated corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


Nasopharyngeal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

An ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the nasopharynx.


Mixed Gangliocytoma-Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

A pituitary neoplasm composed of mature ganglionic cells admixed with pituitary neoplastic neuroendocrine cells.


unexplained long-lasting fever/inflammatory syndrome


Rectocele

A Rectocele results from a tear in the rectovaginal septum (which is normally a tough, fibrous, sheet-like divider between the rectum and vagina). Rectal tissue bulges through this tear and into the vagina as a hernia. There are two main causes of this tear: childbirth, and hysterectomy.


Fractured proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone

A partial or complete breakage of the proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone.


extramammary Paget disease

A malignant neoplasm in which there is infiltration of the skin by neoplastic large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli (Paget cells). It may affect the anus, penis, scrotum, and vulva.


vulval Paget disease

An uncommon intraepithelial malignant neoplasm of eccrine or apocrine origin, arising from the vulva. It usually affects post-menopausal women. In approximately 10-20% of the cases there is an associated anorectal, or urothelial carcinoma or a skin appendage adenocarcinoma identified. It presents as a red, eczematous lesion. Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of the typical Paget cells which are large, round cells with abundant cytoplasm and prominent nuclei.


scrotum Paget disease

A mammary Paget's disease that involves the scrotum.


Recurrent Paget Disease of the Anal Canal

The reemergence of Paget disease of the anal canal after a period of remission.


Paget disease of the penis

A premalignant condition morphologically characterized by the presence of the characteristic Paget cells in the intraepithelial tissue of the penis. It presents as a smooth raised reddish area that may or may not be painful. -- 2003


jasmonate-amino synthetase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonate + an amino acid = an amide-linked jasmonyl-amino acid conjugate. The substrates of this reaction include non-standard amino acids, such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate).


endocrine signaling

The transfer of information from one cell to another, where an endocrine hormone is transported from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell via the circulatory system (via blood, lymph or cerebrospinal fluid). The signaling cell and the receiving cell are often distant to each other.


Intracellular accumulation of collagen VII

Collagen VII is the major molecular constituent of anchoring fibrils in the skin. Collagen VII is synthesized as three identical pro-alpha1(VII) polypeptide chains, which are hydroxylated and glycosylated in a coordinated manner and then fold into triple-helical procollagen VII in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mature collagen VII undergoes a multistep fibril polymerization process to form the anchoring fibrils. Mutant pro-alpha1(VII) polypeptide chains or procollagen VII molecules do not pass the ER quality control and are retained in the ER or designated for ubiquitin-proteasome degradation resulting in reduced amounts of collagen VII in the skin.


MHC class II protein binding, via antigen binding groove

Binding to the antigen binding groove of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.


carbapenem catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbapenem.


Stage II Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Duane retraction syndrome 3 with or without deafness

Duane syndrome type 3 is a disorder of eye movement.The affected eye, or eyes, has limited ability to move both inward toward the nose and outward toward the ears. The eye opening narrows and the eyeball pulls in when looking inward toward the nose. About 15 percent of all cases of Duane syndrome are type 3. Most cases occur without other signs and symptoms.In most people with Duane syndrome type 3, the cause is unknown; but it can sometimes be caused by mutations in the CHN1 gene and inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.


carcinoma in situ of ureter

A in situ carcinoma that involves the ureter.


epithelial neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from and is composed of epithelial cells. This category include adenomas, papillomas, and carcinomas.


maxillary arteriovenous malformation

Maxillary arteriovenous malformation is a rare vascular anomaly characterized by an abnormal connection of the arterial and venous vasculature, without capillary connections, in the maxillofacial area, usually presenting with chronic, intermittent, and potentially life-threatening, hemorrhage. Association with infection, pain, pressure, pulsation, swelling, facial asymmetry, headache, ocular pain, tinnitus, otalgia, epistaxis, toothache and/or teeth mobility and compressibility into their sockets is possible, although it may also be asymptomatic.


thymoma

A neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells of the thymus. Although thymomas are usually encapsulated tumors, they may invade the capsule and infiltrate the surrounding tissues or even metastasize to distant anatomic sites. The following morphologic subtypes are currently recognized: type A, type B, type AB, metaplastic, micronodular, microscopic, and sclerosing thymoma. Thymomas type B are further subdivided into types B1, B2, and B3. Thymoma type B3 usually has the most aggressive clinical course.


scrotal carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the scrotum.


ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma

An endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from the ovary. It comprises 10% to 25% of all primary ovarian carcinomas. Grossly, endometrioid carcinoma may present as a cystic or solid mass. Microscopically, the tumor greatly resembles the appearance of the ordinary type of endometrial adenocarcinoma. As a group, endometrioid carcinoma has a prognosis twice as good as that of serous or mucinous carcinoma.


ureter inverted papilloma

A neoplasm of the ureter in which the epithelial cells grow downward into the underlying supportive tissue, which often causes hematuria.


apocrine adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma with apocrine differentiation arising from the sweat glands. It presents as single or multiple nodular lesions which may be ulcerated or hemorrhagic and is usually in the axilla and less often in the anogenital region. It grows in the dermis and infiltrates subcutaneous tissues. It is characterized by the presence of large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and large often vesicular nuclei. Most cases are slow growing tumors and have a prolonged course.


breast mucinous carcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of islands of small and uniform cells, surrounded by large amounts of mucin. Pure mucinous breast carcinomas generally have a favorable prognosis.


scirrhous breast carcinoma

An infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma associated with stromal fibrosis.


renal pelvis urothelial papilloma

A benign neoplasm of the renal pelvis that involves the transitional epithelium projecting above the surrounding epithelial surface and consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma.


kidney carcinoma in situ

A carcinoma in situ involving a kidney.


adenoid cystic breast carcinoma

An adenoid cystic carcinoma primarily involving the breast. Three morphologic patterns are seen: cribriform, trabecular, and solid. The prognosis is excellent.


transitional cell carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm arising from the transitional epithelium, usually affecting the urinary bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis. It may or may not have a papillary configuration. It is graded 1 to 3 or 4 according to the degree of cellular differentiation and architectural patterns. Grade 1 transitional cell carcinoma is histologically benign but it may recur. Transitional cell carcinomas may also affect the upper respiratory tract and the ovaries.


stage II endometrioid carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma is a carcinoma that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb). It is the result of the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. The first sign is most often vaginal bleeding not associated with a menstrual period. Other symptoms include pain with urination or sexual intercourse, or pelvic pain. Endometrial cancer occurs most commonly after menopause. In stage II the cancer has spread from the body of the uterus and is growing into the supporting connective tissue of the cervix (called the cervical stroma). The cancer has spread into connective tissue of the cervix, but has not spread outside the uterus.


ovarian adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary. It is the most common type of ovarian carcinoma. It includes the serous adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma.


nasal cavity carcinoma in situ

A in situ carcinoma that involves the nasal cavity.


thyroid gland fetal adenoma

A thyroid gland adenoma composed of microfollicular structures.


ureter carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the ureter.


ovarian clear cell cancer

An invasive malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by a predominance of clear and hobnail malignant epithelial cells.


skin cystic basal cell carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that is characterized by cyst formation.


vulvar clear cell hidradenocarcinoma

A vulvar sweat gland carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells.


stage IVb bladder cancer

Stage IV includes T4b, NO,MO/any T NI, MO/ any T N2 MO,/ any T N3 MO/ any T any N M1 : T4b: Tumor invades the pelvic wall, abdominal wall. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M1: Distant metastasis.


vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

An invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising from the vulva. Risk factors include the human papilloma virus and cigarette smoking. Precursor lesions include the vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, lichen sclerosus with associated squamous cell hyperplasia, and chronic granulomatous vulvar disease such as granuloma inguinale. Symptoms include vulvar pruritus or irritation, discharge, bleeding, and pain. The following morphologic variants have been identified: keratinizing, non-keratinizing, basaloid, warty, verrucous, keratoacanthoma-like, and squamous cell carcinoma with tumor giant cells. Risk factors for recurrence include advanced stage, tumor diameter greater than 2.5 cm, multifocality, capillary-like space involvement, associated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3, and margins of resection involved by tumor. (WHO, 2003)


mucinous adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glandular cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Often, the infiltrating glandular structures are associated with mucoid stromal formation. It may arise from the large and small intestine, appendix, stomach, lung, ovary, breast, corpus uteri, cervix, vagina, and salivary gland.


corneal intraepithelial neoplasm

A squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia that involves the cornea.


pituitary gigantism

The condition of accelerated and excessive growth in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess human growth hormone before the closure of epiphyses. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age.


moderately-differentiated thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma


bladder signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

A signet ring cell carcinoma that involves the urinary bladder.


ureter transitional cell carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the transitional epithelium of the ureter. It is associated with tobacco use and usually presents with gross or microscopic hematuria.


digestive system adenoma

A sporadic or less frequently familial neoplasm, arising from the glandular epithelium of the stomach, small intestine, biliary tract, colon, and rectum. It is a polypoid or flat circumscribed lesion. Morphologically, it is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic glandular cells and it is associated with dysplasia. According to the growth pattern, it may be classified as tubular, villous, or tubulovillous. The dysplasia is classified as mild, moderate, or severe. The frequency of malignant transformation depends on the size of the lesion and the degree of dysplasia. Larger adenomas with severe dysplastic changes (sometimes called carcinoma in situ) carry a higher risk of progressing to invasive adenocarcinoma. Gastrointestinal adenomas may present as solitary or multifocal lesions. Familial adenomas tend to be multifocal and carry a higher risk of malignant transformation.


vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

Intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulvar squamous epithelium. There is no evidence of invasion. This category includes vulvar high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, differentiated type.


vulvar adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the vulva. Representative examples include Bartholin gland adenocarcinoma, eccrine adenocarcinoma, apocrine adenocarcinoma, and sebaceous carcinoma.


trabecular adenocarcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of a trabecular glandular architectural pattern.


ovarian carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm originating from the surface ovarian epithelium. It accounts for the greatest number of deaths from malignancies of the female genital tract and is the fifth leading cause of cancer fatalities in women. It is predominantly a disease of older white women of northern European extraction, but it is seen in all ages and ethnic groups. Adenocarcinomas constitute the vast majority of ovarian carcinomas. The pattern of metastatic spread in ovarian carcinoma is similar regardless of the microscopic type. The most common sites of involvement are the contralateral ovary, peritoneal cavity, para-aortic and pelvic lymph nodes, and liver. Lung and pleura are the most common sites of extra-abdominal spread. The primary form of therapy is surgical. The overall prognosis of ovarian carcinoma remains poor, a direct result of its rapid growth rate and the lack of early symptoms. --2002


microcystic adenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a microcystic pattern. The cystic spaces are lined by small cuboidal cells without evidence of significant cytologic atypia.


papillary squamous carcinoma

A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary, exophytic growth pattern and hyperkeratosis. The most commonly affected anatomic sites are the larynx, penis, cervix, vagina, and vulva.


hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma

A manifestation of von Hippel-Lindau disease or other familial renal cell cancer syndromes that present as a malignant epithelial neoplasm of the kidney. It is characterized by the presence of lipid-containing clear cells within a vascular network. The tumor usually is bilateral and polycentric, and metastasizes to unusual sites. Late metastasis is common.


basaloid carcinoma of the penis

An aggressive, human papillomavirus-related squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis. It is characterized by the presence of nests of small malignant cells. The malignant cells tend to invade deeply into the adjacent tissues. Comedo-type necrosis is often present.


Wolffian duct adenocarcinoma

A cervical adenocarcinoma that arises from mesonephric remnants. It is usually characterized by the presence of tubular glands lined by cuboidal epithelial cells.


inverted transitional cell papilloma

A benign papillary neoplasm composed of transitional cells and characterized by an endophytic growth pattern.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

A usually aggressive carcinoma composed of large malignant cells which display neuroendocrine characteristics. It is characterized by the presence of high mitotic activity and necrotic changes. The vast majority of cases are positive for neuron-specific enolase. Representative examples include lung, breast, cervical, and thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas.


pleomorphic carcinoma

A usually aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of cells with significant cytologic atypia and nuclear pleomorphism.


ovarian serous adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells that, in well differentiated tumors, resemble the epithelium of the fallopian tube or, in poorly differentiated tumors, show anaplastic features and marked nuclear atypia.


thymic mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of squamous cells, intermediate type cells, and mucus-producing cells. Published information on clinical course is limited to single-case reports.


endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma

A primary carcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of malignant cells that lack evidence of differentiation.


sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma

A rare, highly aggressive carcinoma that arises from the sinonasal tract. It is characterized by the presence of small to medium size malignant cells. The prognosis is poor.


breast adenoma

A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm that arises from the breast. Representative examples include apocrine adenoma, tubular adenoma, and pleomorphic adenoma.


prostate cancer, hereditary, 2

Any familial prostate cancer in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ELAC2 gene.


female breast lower-outer quadrant cancer


ovarian large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells exhibiting neuroendocrine differentiation. The prognosis is poor.


vulvar basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of nests of malignant basaloid cells with a scant amount of cytoplasm.


endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma

A rare endometrial carcinoma characterized by the presence of both malignant glandular and malignant squamous cellular components.


trachea carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the trachea.


thyroid gland atypical follicular adenoma

A thyroid gland adenoma with increased cellularity and nuclear atypia. There is no capsular or vascular invasion. The clinical course is benign.


oxyphilic endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of eosinophilic malignant glandular epithelial cells.


cervical large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

A rare, aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with abundant cytoplasm, large nuclei, and prominent nucleoli.


cavernous hemangioma

A hemangioma characterized by the presence of cavernous vascular spaces.


luminal A breast carcinoma

A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by high expression of genes characteristic of luminal epithelial cells, including estrogen receptor (ER), estrogen regulated protein LIV-1, and the transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 3, HNF3A, XBP1, and GATA 3. This subtype of breast cancer is associated with a good prognosis.


papillary cystic neoplasm

A benign, malignant, or borderline neoplasm characterized by the presence of papillary mucinous, serous, or clear cell structures and cystic structures.


ovarian seromucinous carcinoma

A malignant mixed epithelial neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is composed predominantly of serous and endocervical-type mucinous epithelium.


cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma

A rare morphologic variant of cervical adenocarcinoma composed of clear and hobnail cells. It is associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES).


testicular Brenner tumor

An uncommon usually benign neoplasm that arises from the testis. It is characterized by the presence of cysts lined by transitional cells and solid nests of transitional cells in a spindle cell stroma.


endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma with spindled epithelial cells

A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of spindled malignant epithelial cells.


Bartholin gland adenoma

A rare, benign neoplasm that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of clustered glands and tubules lined by mucin-secreting epithelial cells.


cortical thymoma

A thymic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic large, polygonal epithelial cells with large vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The neoplastic cells are arranged around perivascular spaces and along septa. Immature T-lymphocytes are also present. It may be associated with myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. It is a tumor of moderate malignancy. The majority of cases occur in the anterior mediastinum as Masaoka stage I, stage II, or stage III tumors. Metastatic, stage IV tumors occur less frequently.


rete ovarii cystadenoma

An exceptionally rare cystadenoma that arises from the rete ovarii.


peritoneal carcinoma

A peritoneum cancer that is located in the inside of the abdomen.


central breast papilloma

A benign papillary neoplasm that arises in a large duct of the breast. It is characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular core that is lined by benign epithelial and myoepithelial proliferations. Patients usually present with nipple discharge.


undifferentiated carcinoma

A usually aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of atypical cells which do not display evidence of glandular, squamous, or transitional cell differentiation.


uterine ligament clear cell adenocarcinoma

A clear cell adenocarcinoma of the uterine ligament composed mainly of clear or hobnob cells. The clear cells are large, bizarre, and multinucleated.


bone carcinoma

A carcinoma that involves the bone element.


breast secretory carcinoma

A rare, low grade invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of cells that secrete milk-like material. Morphologically, it usually appears as a circumscribed lesion, composed of cystic spaces, tubular structures, and solid areas.


microscopic breast papilloma

A benign papillary neoplasm that arises in a terminal ductal lobular unit. It is characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular core that is lined by benign epithelial and myoepithelial proliferations. Peripheral breast papillomas are often multiple and are usually found microscopically. Patients are often asymptomatic.


endocervical type cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma

A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells that resemble those of the endocervix.


breast papillomatosis

A benign breast neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of multiple papillomas.


synchronous bilateral breast carcinoma

Carcinoma that is detected in one breast within two months from the diagnosis of carcinoma in the other breast.


oncocytic adenoma

A benign neoplasm composed of large cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. Representative examples include oncocytic adenomas of the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and pituitary gland.


lymph node adenoid cystic carcinoma

A adenoid cystic carcinoma that involves the lymph node.


non-keratinizing sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract characterized by a plexiform or ribbon-like growth pattern, cytological atypia, and lack of histological evidence of keratinization.


cerebellar hemangioblastoma

A histologically benign tumor, usually cystic with a vascular mural nodule, that is most often found in the cerebellum though it has been reported at other sites within the neuraxis. It is associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL gene located on chr 3p25-26).


penis basal cell carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma of the penis with an indolent clinical course. It is usually superficial and arises from the shaft and rarely the glans.


hereditary breast carcinoma

Breast carcinoma that has developed in relatives of patients with history of breast carcinoma.


periductal breast myoepitheliosis

A neoplastic process characterized by the proliferation of spindle to cuboidal myoepithelial cells around small breast ducts.


skin infiltrative basal cell carcinoma

A variant of basal cell carcinoma presenting as a pale, indurated plaque, usually in the upper trunk or face. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of strands, cords, and columns of basaloid cells infiltrating the dermis. Perineural invasion may be present and the basaloid cell infiltrate may extend into deeper tissues.


giant hemangioma

A cavernous hemangioma characterized by the presence of hylanized vascular channels and is often associated with the presence of calcifications, fibrosis, and hemorrhage.


urethra adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the urethra


hypercalcemic type ovarian small cell carcinoma

An undifferentiated small cell carcinoma that arises from the ovary and is associated with hypercalcemia. Electron microscopic studies show neurosecretory granules are either absent or, when present, are in small numbers.


adenoid basal carcinoma of the cervix uteri

A skin adenoid basal cell carcinoma that involves the uterine cervix.


eyelid carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the eyelid.


invasive carcinoma

A carcinoma that is not confined to the epithelium, and has spread to the surrounding stroma.


infiltrating renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma

Infiltrating urothelial carcinoma that affects the renal pelvis and ureter.


ovarian papillary tumor

A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of papillary proliferations. Representative examples include surface papilloma, borderline serous surface papillary tumor, and serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma.


pulmonary type ovarian small cell carcinoma

An aggressive small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the ovary. Morphologically, it resembles the small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung.


scrotal hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the skin of the scrotum.


ovarian serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma

A serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of a papillary architectural pattern.


epididymal adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the epididymis. It usually presents as a scrotal mass and may be associated with testicular pain.


sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma

A high grade carcinoma of the kidney. It is not a distinct clinicopathological entity and includes a diverse group of renal cell carcinomas which have been transformed from a lower to a higher grade.


undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma

An aggressive carcinoma arising from the ovary. Most patients present with advanced disease. Microscopically, it is characterized by significant cytologic atypia, increased mitotic activity, and necrosis. The prognosis is usually poor.


bladder small cell carcinoma

A bladder carcinoma that is characterized as an undifferentiated neoplasm composed of primitive-appearing cells.


vulvar squamous neoplasm

A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the vulva. Representative examples include vestibular papilloma, intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma.


superficial urinary bladder carcinoma

A term used by urologists to describe an infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder that has not invaded into the muscularis propria of the bladder wall regardless of histologic type or grade.


familial prostate carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma that has developed in relatives of patients with a history of prostate carcinoma.


primary prostate urothelial carcinoma

An urothelial carcinoma that arises from the urothelial lining of the prostatic ducts or the prostatic urethra.


hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma

A familial carcinoma inherited in an autosomal dominant trait. It is characterized by the development of multiple, bilateral papillary renal cell carcinomas. The carcinomas range from microscopic lesions to clinically symptomatic tumors. It is associated with activating mutations of the MET oncogene.


lacrimal gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma

An extremely rare carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of infiltrating nests of epidermoid cells and mucus producing cells.


primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises centrally from the jaw. It derives from odontogenic epithelial remnants. It includes solid type squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma that arises from an odontogenic cyst, and squamous cell carcinoma that derives from a keratocystic odontogenic tumor.


bladder colloid adenocarcinoma

A rare primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Histologically it is characterized by malignant cells floating in pools of mucin.


Bartholin gland transitional cell carcinoma

A rare carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of malignant urothelial-type epithelial cells.


endometrial transitional cell carcinoma

A rare primary carcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells resembling urothelial transitional cells. The malignant transitional cells constitute at least 90% of the tumor cells.


bilateral breast carcinoma

Carcinoma that affects both breasts in a simultaneous or non-simultaneous manner.


urinary bladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

A highly aggressive carcinoma, histologically resembling small cell lung carcinoma. In most cases it is associated with carcinoma in situ.


conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasm

A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process involving the conjunctival squamous epithelium.


ductal eccrine adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from eccrine glands.


Buschke Lowenstein tumor

A verrucous carcinoma of the skin or mucosa that occurs in the anogenital region.


subglottic hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the subglottic area.


vulvar keratoacanthoma-like carcinoma

A rapidly growing squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is self-limited and is characterized by the presence of a central crater that contains squamous cells. The proliferating squamous cells infiltrate the dermis below and produce keratin masses that are pushed towards the surface of the tumor.


mucinous ovarian cystadenoma

A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by mucinous columnar epithelial cells.


vaginal squamous tumor

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the vagina. Representative examples include condyloma acuminatum, squamous papilloma, and squamous cell carcinoma.


seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the seminal vesicle


papilloma of eyelid

A papilloma that involves the eyelid.


vulvar sebaceous carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of malignant basaloid glandular epithelial cells that resemble sebaceous epithelium and are arranged in cords and nests.


verrucous hemangioma

A skin hemangioma characterized by the presence of epidermal hyperplasia.


extra-adrenal sympathetic paraganglioma

A benign or malignant sympathetic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia outside the adrenal gland. Clinical symptoms are related to secretion of catecholamines. Representative examples include the superior and inferior paraaortic and bladder paragangliomas.


thymus squamous cell carcinoma

A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of keratinizing or non-keratinizing malignant squamous cells. Approximately 10-20% of cases occur in combination with thymoma. The prognosis depends on the tumor stage and the degree of cellular differentiation.


retinal hemangioblastoma

A hemangioblastoma that arises from the retina. It is typically a sign of von Hippel-Lindau disease. It may also be seen as an isolated entity without systemic involvement.


papillary cystadenoma

A serous or mucinous benign or low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm. It is characterized by the presence of glandular epithelial cells forming papillary structures.


mucin-rich endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma


salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma

A carcinoma of the salivary gland characterized by serous acinar cell differentiation. The vast majority of cases occur in the parotid gland. It usually presents as a slowly enlarging mass. A minority of patients experience pain. It may recur or metastasize. Multiple recurrences and metastasis to cervical lymph nodes are usually associated with a poor prognosis.


lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the lacrimal gland


secondary carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from a pre-existing lower grade epithelial lesion, or as a result of a primary carcinoma that has spread to secondary sites, or due to a complication of a cancer treatment.


Wyburn-Mason syndrome

Wyburn-Mason syndrome or Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome is characterized by the association of arteriovenous malformations of the maxilla, retina, optic nerve, thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex.


mucinous cystadenofibroma

A benign neoplasm characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by mucinous columnar epithelial cells in a fibrotic stroma.


familial parathyroid adenoma

An instance of parathyroid gland adenoma that is caused by an inherited modification of the individual's genome.


acinar cell carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the acinar cell


scirrhous adenocarcinoma

An infiltrating adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of desmoplastic stromal reaction.


bone ameloblastoma

A ameloblastoma that involves the bone tissue.


A neoplastic process that affects the squamous epithelium of the cervix. It is classified as cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 1, 2, or 3, according to the degree of squamous cell maturation and cellular atypia, and the number of mitotic figures.


breast apocrine carcinoma in situ

A ductal breast carcinoma in situ, characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with apocrine differentiation.


pituitary gland mixed eosinophil-basophil adenoma

An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with acidic and basic dyes.


squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process involving the squamous epithelium.


nasal cavity and paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma

A rare, keratinizing or non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma arising from the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity or the paranasal sinuses. It affects most often the maxillary sinus. Less frequently, it arises from the nasal cavity, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, and frontal sinus. Symptoms include nasal fullness, epistaxis, rhinorhea, pain, and paresthesia. Patients with nasal squamous cell carcinoma usually present earlier than patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma and have a better prognosis compared to the latter group.


warty dyskeratoma

A rare, usually solitary, benign epithelial tumor of the skin that appears to arise from a hair follicle. It usually develops in the head and neck region as a nodular lesion with a central keratotic plug.


infiltrating ureter transitional cell carcinoma


basal cell carcinoma

A carcinoma involving the basal cells.


clear cell renal carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm of the kidney characterized by the presence of lipid-containing clear cells within a vascular network. The tumor may metastasize to unusual sites and late metastasis is common.


benign epithelial skin neoplasm

A form of epithelial skin neoplasm without malignant characteristics.


cystic, mucinous, and serous neoplasm

Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.


bladder squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder arising from metaplastic epithelium. It represents less than 10% of bladder carcinomas. The exception is the Middle East along the Nile Valley, where it represents the most common form of carcinoma because of the endemic nature of schistosomiasis. Bladder squamous cell carcinoma is often associated with long-standing chronic inflammation of the bladder and usually has a poor prognosis. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder should be reserved for those tumors that are predominantly keratin forming.


partially involuting congenital hemangioma

A clinical subtype of congenital hemangioma that begins as a rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH) but fails to completely involute and persists as a non-involuting congenital hemangioma (NICH)-like lesion


large cell keratinizing variant squamous cell breast carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells that exhibit keratinization.


clear cell papillary cystadenoma

A benign cystic glandular epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic clear or hobnail cells which form papillary structures. There is no evidence of stromal invasion.