pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


foraging behavior by probing substrate

Foraging behavior in which an anatomical part of the organism is inserted into the substrate to locate food.


negative regulation of anterior head development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


CDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.


wobble position guanine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of guanosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 3-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 3-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase.


(1->4)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


detection of osmotic stimulus

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


neuroblast fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


fetal process involved in parturition

A reproductive process occurring in the embryo that results in birth.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.


cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 = 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


organelle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


phagosome reneutralization

Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding

The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.


3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid + coenzyme A = AMP + diphosphate + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoyl-CoA + H+. 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid is also known as OPC-8:0.


viral release via disruption of host outer membrane

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell via the destabilization of the cell outer membrane.


conversion of methionyl-tRNA to N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of methionine charged on a tRNA(fMet) to N-formyl-methionine-tRNA(fMet).


peptidyl-cysteine S-acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-acetyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + [dinitrogen reductase] = nicotinamide + ADP-D-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase].


induction by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


DNA ADP-ribosylation

The covalent attachment of an ADP-ribosyl group to a residue in double-stranded DNA.


specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior symmetry

The establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.


avascular cornea development in camera-type eye

The progression of an avascular cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Corneal avascularity (the absence of blood vessels in the cornea) is required for optical clarity and optimal vision. Avascular corneas are present in most animals, except Manatees.


slug development involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the slug over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Slug development begins when the aggregate rises upwards to form a finger-shaped structure and ends when culmination begins. Slug development begins after aggregation and ends before culmination in sorocarp development.


positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


transforming growth factor beta2 activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta2) from its latent state.


N-acylhexosamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O + O2 = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + H2O2 + H+.


glycolytic process via Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

A glycolytic process in which the glucose is catabolized to pyruvate by first entering the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to yield pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is subsequently converted to pyruvate by the core glycolytic enzymes.


asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation

Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell.


regulation of carbohydrate utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate utilization.


disruption by symbiont of host chloroplast thylakoid

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell chloroplast thylakoid. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) + HO3Se-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in) + HO3Se-(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N,N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


engulfment of target by autophagosome

The membrane invagination process by which an autophagosomal membrane surrounds an object that will be degraded by macroautophagy.


cellular response to sodium dodecyl sulfate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by local renal renin-angiotensin

The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the kidney modulate the force with which blood passes through the renal circulatory system. The process begins when renin cleaves angiotensinogen.


meiotic prophase I

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


phosphoarginine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.


regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in synaptic transmission. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.


orcinol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + orcinol = 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + H2O + NAD+.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-ketoglutarate(out) + H+(out) = alpha-ketoglutarate(in) + H+(in).


1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activity

Catatlysis of the reaction: calcitriol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = 1alpha,23S,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


terpene synthase activity

Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units.


positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.


UDP-glucosamine 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucosamine = UDP-galactosamine.


renal phosphate excretion

The elimination of phosphate ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


interleukin-19 production

The appearance of interleukin-19 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


metanephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + zeatin = O-beta-D-xylosylzeatin + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA = adenine + methionine + epoxyqueuosine-tRNA. 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA is also known as preQ1-tRNA, and epoxyqueuosine-tRNA as oQ-tRNA.


beta-alanyl amine synthase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of beta-alanyl amine conjugate from a precursor biogenic amine, such as dopamine or histamine.


regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


regulation of granuloma formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine

The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


ribose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribofuranose = D-ribulose.


imaginal disc eversion

The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis.


regulation of alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans.


cap1 mRNA methylation

Methylation of the ribose of the first nucleotide of a 5'-capped mRNA.


cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus.


hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 4 porphobilinogen = hydroxymethylbilane + 4 NH4.


sterol 5-alpha reductase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a C-5 double bond in the B ring of a sterol.


axial mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


uridine-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylylation element binding

Binding to a U-rich sequence in the 3'-end of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs; required for cytoplasmic polyadenylylation.


hepatic duct development

The progression of the hepatic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the common bile duct.


1,4-dichlorobenzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring.


protein localization to lateral cortical node

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lateral cortical node.


Catalysis of the reaction: bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate + H+ = CO2 + bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane. Bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate is also known as DDA; bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane is also known as DDM.


protein uridylylation

The addition of phospho-uridine to a protein amino acid.


ADP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-5NA)-L-serine.


protein insertion into membrane from inner side

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a lipid bilayer, e.g., the prokaryotic, mitochondrial, or chloroplast inner membrane, from the inner side.


response to low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.


sno(s)RNA 3'-end cleavage

The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = naphthalene-1,2-diol + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine

The process in which the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


leaf phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of leaf primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem.


regulation of purine nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mesonephric cell migration involved in male gonad development

The orderly movement of a cell from the mesonephros to the male gonad, contributing to its development.


branched-chain amino acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: branched-chain amino acid(out) + cation(out) = branched-chain amino acid(in) + cation(in).


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, via the intermediate cystine.


ethanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.


phenylacetaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenylethanol + NADP = phenylacetaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate = pyruvate + succinic semialdehyde.


detection of unfolded protein

The series of events in which an unfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-5alpha-campestan-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone + NADP + H2O.


cordyol C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cordyol C.


positive regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway.


icosanoid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of icosanoids from one side of a membrane to the other.


urethanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + H+ + urethane = CO2 + ethanol + NH4.


motor learning

Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.


ubiquinone-6 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone-6.


response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


murein tripeptide carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-Dap (murein tripeptide) + H2O = L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu + meso-diaminopimelate.


type IIa hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis or cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell.


detection of humidity

The series of events in which a humidity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NAD+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+.


apocarotenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


amino acid activation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process.


regulation of neuroinflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


protein decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[protein].


6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxohexanoate + NADP+ + H2O = adipate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


glycolytic process from galactose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT + NADP+ = NADPH + 2,3-dihydroxy DDT.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


lactoylglutathione lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = glutathione + methylglyoxal.


metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


positive regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.


mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering

The attachment of a mitochondrion and an endoplasmic reticulum via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


proboscis extension reflex

The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.


positive regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


inferior olivary nucleus structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the inferior olivary nucleus structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


Catalysis of the reaction: lithocholate + NAD+ = 3-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.


cellulase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.


granzyme A production

The appearance of granzyme A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate + D-lysinium(1+) + ATP <=> UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-D-lysine + ADP + hydrogenphosphate + H+.


response to catechin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.


cellular response to hydroxyisoflavone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.


3-oxo-myristate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-myristate + H+ <=> 2-tridecanone + carbon dioxide.


peptidyl-lactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

The modification of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to lactic acid.


response to molecule of oomycetes origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.


riboflavin phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + riboflavin = D-glucose + FMN.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans, glucomannans, and galactoglucomannans.


negative regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


methyl tert-butyl ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl tert-butyl ether, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a synthetic chemical which is mixed with gasoline for use in reformulated gasoline. It was first introduced as an additive for unleaded gasoline in the 1980s. It is also used as a laboratory reagent and a pharmaceutical agent.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-fructose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + fructose(out) = protein histidine + fructose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


metanephric short nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.


positive regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation.


pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that interacts with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.


DNA ligase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + nicotinamide nucleotide + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


phenylacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1,4-benzoquinone + H2O + phenylacetyl-CoA = 2 hydroquinone + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.


positive regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


8-oxocoformycin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coformycin + NADP+ = 8-oxocoformycin + 2 H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + acyl-CoA = 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerol + CoA.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission

Modulation of synaptic transmittion by cell-cell signaling across the synaptic cleft from postsynapse to presynapse, mediated by a neuropeptide.


cellular response to hydrogen sulfide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen sulfide stimulus.


intronic box H/ACA snoRNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box H/ACA snoRNA.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydroxypteridine = H+ + xanthine-8-carboxylate.


maintenance of seed dormancy

Any process that maintains a seed in a dormant state.


histone crotonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: crotonyl-CoA + histone = CoA + crotonyl-histone.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-reticulinium(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + laudanine(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


fluorene oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = H2O + 9-fluorenol.


positive regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


chlorophyll synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + 2 H+ + phytyl diphosphate = chlorophyll a + diphosphate.


L-idonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-idonate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-idonate is an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.


endothelial microparticle formation

The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from an endothelial cell.


envenomation resulting in plasminogen activation in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of plasminogen into plasmin in the bitten organism. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.


ABC-type fatty-acyl-CoA transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction ATP + H2O + fatty acyl CoA(Side 1) <=> ADP + phosphate + fatty acyl CoA(Side 2). A fatty acyl CoA group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid with a coenzyme A group attached to it.


crotonyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA.


negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.


peptidyl-tryptophan hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tryptophan, to form peptidyl-L-3-hydroxytryptophan.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + L-propargylglycine = ADP + H+ + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + phosphate.


dendrite self-avoidance

The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell.


dimethylarsinate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsinate + 3 H+ + 2 e- = dimethylarsinous acid + H2O.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels. This is the first step in synaptic transmission.


cellular response to erythromycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1E,2Z)-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate + H2O <=> 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oate + (2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + H+.


diplotene

The cell cycle phase which follows pachytene during prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.


nitrogen fixation

The process in which nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other chemical processes, such as ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + acetate.


protein lipidation involved in autophagosome assembly

The protein lipidation process by which phosphatidylethanolamine is conjugated to a protein of the ATG8 family, leading to membrane insertion of the protein as a step in autophagosome assembly.


delta-carotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of delta-carotene.


septin ring assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene <=> 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


plant organ formation

The process that gives rise to the plant organ. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound.


regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.


negative regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of cell volume

Any process that increases cell volume.


seed dormancy process

A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors.


sequestering of nodal from receptor via nodal binding

Binding to a nodal protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting nodal signaling by preventing nodal from binding to its cell surface receptor.


anterior cibarial plate morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.


inulin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inulin.


afferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


protease localization to mast cell secretory granule

Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.


flavonoid sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavonoid + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = sulfated flavonoid + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate. This reaction is the transfer of a sulfate group to the hydroxyl group of a flavonoid acceptor, producing the sulfated flavonoid derivative.


UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = CO2 + UDP-alpha-D-xylose.


positive regulation of cellobiose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.


peptidyl-lysine carboxyethylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-1-carboxyethyl-L-lysine.


arugosin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arugosin.


T cell tolerance induction

A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in T cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell

The attachment of a leukocyte to an arterial endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


carbohydrate derivative metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferide + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,4'-dimethylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine + pyruvate = L-alanine + pyridoxal.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate = 3'-dephospho-CoA + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a peptidoglycan dimer (tetrapeptide) + 3 H2O = a peptidoglycan tetramer with L,D cross-links (L-Lys-D-Asn-L-Lys) + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + 4 D-alanine.


thymine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thymine + acceptor = 5-methyl-barbiturate + donor-H2.


abequosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-abequose + D-mannosyl-L-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid = CDP + D-abequosyl-D-mannosyl-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid.


anaerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.


epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis.


disproportionation of elemental sulfur

The process in which sulfur compounds with an intermediate oxidation state serve as both electron donors and electron acceptors in an energy-generating redox process. The reaction takes place anaerobically, in light and in the absence of CO2.


negative regulation of lung alveolus development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.


histone H3R2 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 2) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 2). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 2 of histone H3.


macrolide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macrolides, any of a large group of polyketide compounds that contain a large lactone ring with few or no double bonds and no nitrogen atoms, linked glycosidically to one or more sugar groups. The macrolides include the carbomycins, the erythromycins, oleandomycin, oligomycins, and the spiramycins, and act as antibiotics, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria.


seminal vesicle epithelium development

The progression of the seminal vesicle epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + 3 H+ = 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone is also known as 2-methyl-6-solanesylplastoquinol and all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate as solanesyl diphosphate.


regulation of adenosine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor

The oxidation of nitrite (NO2) to nitrate (NO3), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Nitrite oxidation is the final step in nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, and nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) is the key enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of nitrite to nitrate in nitrite oxidizing species.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol = 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


COPII vesicle uncoating

The process in which COPII vesicle coat proteins are disassembled, and released.


apical dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an apical dendrite are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a [release factor]-L-glutamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a [release factor]-N5-methyl-L-glutamine.


1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-1-phenylethanol = acetophenone + H2.


ATP adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + ATP = phosphate + P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate.


sulfite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfite ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


discadenine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine.


NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+, driving the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other. In the course of the reaction (left to right) one H atom is transferred from inside the cell to outside. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to both NAD+ and NADP+.


glycerate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP + 2 H+.


response to brassinosteroid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.


regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the presynapse.


bacteriochlorophyll binding

Binding to bacteriochlorophyll, a form of chlorophyll found in photosynthetic bacteria, such as the purple and green bacteria. There are several types, designated a to g. Bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll b are structurally similar to the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b found in plants.


pouch outgrowth involved in semicircular canal formation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis and gives rise to a pouch that will form a semicircular canal.


ensheathment of neuronal cell bodies

The process in which satellite glial cells isolate neuronal cell bodies.


indole-2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = indolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


interleukin-33 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-33 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-lysine 6-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H2O + O2 = allysine + H2O2 + NH4.


GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from mannose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from mannose.


cellular response to interleukin-17

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


leucoanthocyanidin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O = 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+.


double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends

During DSBR via single-strand annealing, the removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.


killing by virus of host cell by post-segregational killing

The process by which a virus causes the death of daughter cells which do not contain its genes after host cell division, by a mechanism of post-segregational killing (PSK). The extrachromosomal viral DNA consist of two genes; the product of the second is long lived and toxic, while the product of the first is short lived and antagonizes the lethal action of the toxin. Daughter cells that do not contain the viral extrachromosomal element are killed by the long lived toxin, while daughter cells that do contain the viral extrachromosomal element are protected by the action of the short lived antitoxin it encodes.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan. GAG is a heteropolysaccharide composed of alpha-1,4 linked galactose, N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) and galactosamine (GalN).


regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into cell.


choline-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choline sulfate + H2O = choline + H+ + sulfate.


6-phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + n H2O + a 6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin = n AMP + n hydrogenphosphate + a poly-6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin.


TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex.


evasion of host innate immune recognition

A process by which a symbiont avoids recognition by host's innate immune response by altering a conserved molecule recognized by the host's cell surface and intracellular innate immune receptors, including Toll-like receptors, and NOD-like receptors. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of ascus development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


positive regulation of border follicle cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


positive regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.


lupeol 28-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lupeol + NADPH(4-) + O2 + H+ <=> betulin + NADP(3-) + H2O.


shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H+.


10-oxogeraniol oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6E)-8-oxogeraniol + NADP <=> (6E)-8-oxogeranial + NADPH + H+.


viral budding from nuclear membrane

A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host nuclear membrane.


structural constituent of egg chorion

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an egg chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: zeaxanthin + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 <=> nostoxanthin + 2 NAD + 2 H2O.


violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: violaxanthin + 2 ascorbate = zeaxanthin + 2 dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O; and antheraxanthin + ascorbate = zeaxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


low-affinity IgE receptor activity

Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


L-ascorbate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 L-ascorbate + O2 <=> 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O.


RNA strand-exchange activity

Facilitates the displacement of one strand of an RNA-RNA duplex and its replacement with a different strand of higher complementarity.


choline biosynthetic process via CDP-choline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate CDP-choline.


superior raphe nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


creatinine catabolic process to formate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine into other compounds, including formate.


4-hydroxybenzoate amino acid synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + ATP + amino acid = 4-hydroxybenzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase NADP activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NADP+ = S-formylglutathione + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of synoviocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.


dirigent protein activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 2 coniferol + O2 <=> (+)-pinoresinol + 2 H2O.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in lung bud formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the formation of the primary lung bud.


high-affinity zinc transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other, probably powered by proton motive force. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


shikimate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of shikimate from one side of a membrane to the other. Shikimate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.


mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.


peptide cross-linking via (2R,6R)-lanthionine

The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2R,6R)-lanthionine (L-lanthionine).


fruit ripening

An developmental maturation process that has as participant a fruit. Ripening causes changes in one or more characteristics of a fruit (color, aroma, flavor, texture, hardness, cell wall structure) and may make it more attractive to animals and aid in seed dispersal.


response to photoperiod, blue light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a blue light photoperiod stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.


corrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.


peptidyl-threonine octanoylation

The octanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


dCMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCMP + H2O = dUMP + NH3.


renal capsule specification

The regionalization process in which the identity of the renal capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


hyponitrite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 hydroxylamine + 2 NAD+ = 2 H+ + hyponitrous acid + 2 NADH.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6) linkages in (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell differentiation

The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.


mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the mitochondrion via the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex.


molybdenum incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of molybdenum into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


formation of peptidyl-cystine persulfide by sulphur transfer from H2S

The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the direct addition of H2S, followed by the removal of 2 protons to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.


folate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADP+ = folate + NADPH + H+.


glyoxal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxal.


3,5-dichloro-THPH methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


UDP-glucuronic acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + NAD+ = UDP-beta-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + CO2 + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: selenocysteine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = Se-methylselenocysteine + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


oxalate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.


4-hydroxytryptamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxytryptamine + ATP = 4-hydoxytryptamine 4-phosphate + ADP + H+.


gene expression

The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes.


NAD-dependent protein de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


galactoxylomannan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the exopolysaccharide galactoxylomannan. Galactoxylomannan is produced by a pathogenic fungus and causes paralysis in some animals.


negative regulation of cellotriose metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.


phototropism

The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to a light stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


formation of peptidyl-cystine persulfide by sulphur transfer from free cysteine

The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the transfer of a sulfur atom from a free cysteine (in the process converting the free cysteine to alanine) to the peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.


mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros.


peptidyl-pyrromethane cofactor linkage

The covalent binding of a pyrromethane (dipyrrin) cofactor to protein via the sulfur atom of cysteine forming dipyrrolylmethanemethyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) hexaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-pentaphosphate.


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the cerebral peduncle

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the internal capsule through the cerebral peduncle in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


The methylation of 5-hydroxy-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.


(R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate = NADPH + H+ + 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate.


regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.


sevenless signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of nerve growth factor production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of nerve growth factor (NGF).


eoxin E4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin D4 + H20 = eoxin E4 + glycine.


medulla reticulospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the medulla towards target cells in the spinal cord.


FAT10 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y = Y-FAT10 + X, where both the X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of FAT10 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + nucleotidylaminoglycoside.


snRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an snRNA molecule.


antennal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antenna over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antenna are the sensory structures on the head that are capable of detecting various environmental stimuli.


angioblast cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an angioblast cell. Angioblasts are one of the two products formed from hemangioblast cells (the other being pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells).


peptidyl-lysine malonylation

The addition of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) to peptidyl-lysine to form N6-malonyl-L-lysine.


adult salivary gland boundary specification

Determination in an adult organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.


propionate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of propionate from one side of a membrane to the other. Propionate (or propanoate) is the organic acid CH3-CH2-COOH.


The dehydration of peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-cyano-L-cysteine.


negative regulation of ovulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton via actin filament reorganization

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by reorganizing the actin filaments, in a way that keeps the total filementous actin remains approximately constant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cell-matrix recognition

Cell recognition that involves the interaction of the cell with the extracellular matrix.


mammary gland duct regression in males

The process in which the epithelium of the mammary duct is destroyed in males.


N-methyl nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylxanthosine + H2O = 7-methylxanthine + H+ + ribofuranose.


phosphoserine-tRNA(Cys) ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Cys) + O-phospho-L-serine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys).


protein localization to actin cortical patch

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, an actin cortical patch.


phlobaphene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.


positive regulation of heart rate by norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


basket cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to basket cells. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


gluconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.


bisdemethoxycurcumin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 4-coumaryl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H2O + H+ <=> 3 coenzyme A + bisdemethoxycurcumin + 2 carbon dioxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myricetin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + laricitrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + NADPH = ADP + L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate.


1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity (SN2-16:2 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


glial cell migration in anterior lateral line nerve

The movement of a glial cell along the axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


regulation of proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.


bromide peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-H + 2 bromide + H2O2 = 2 R-Br + 2 H2O. Enzymes with this activity often accept other halide ions as substrates, including chloride and iodide.


schizogony

Cell division by multiple fission in which nuclei and other organelles in the parent cell divide repeatedly and move to the cell periphery before internal membranes develop around them, producing a large number of daughter cells simultaneously.


inhibitory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an inhibitory C-type lectin receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


vacuole-mitochondria membrane tethering

The attachment of a mitochondrial membrane to a vacuolar membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl aldehyde + H2O + NAD(P)+ = ferulate + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene + UDP-glucose = 2-hydroxy-1-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.


disruption of host cell envelope during viral entry

The disruption of host cell envelope by viral proteins during virus entry.


R-loop processing

A DNA metabolic process that results in the disassembly of R-loops. R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures consisitng of an RNA:DNA heteroduplex and a looped-out non-template strand. Aberrant formation and persistence of R-loops block transcription elongation and cause DNA damage. Mechanisms that resolve R-loops are essential for genome stability.


deoxynucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Catalyzes transport of all four deoxy (d) NDPs, and, less efficiently, the corresponding dNTPs, in exchange for dNDPs, ADP, or ATP.


cell growth mode switching, filamentous to budding

The process in which a cell switches from growing as a filament (elongated cells attached end-to-end) to growing as a round budding cell. An example of this is observed in Candida albicans.


cellular response to diosgenin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diosgenin stimulus.


renal sodium excretion

The elimination of sodium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3-tri-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoylglycerol + N-(30-hydroxytriacontanoyl)-sphing-4-enine = di-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoylglycerol + N-[30-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyloxy)-triacontanoyl]-sphing-4-enine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + H+ + UDP.


propan-2-ol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propan-2-ol.


dehiscence

The opening of an anther, fruit or other structure, which permits the escape of reproductive bodies contained within it.


isoflavonoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids, containing a flavan skeleton. They are differentiated from flavonoids by the point of attachment of the aromatic ring group.


sesamin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (+)-piperitol + NADPH + O2 <=> (+)-sesamin + NADP + 2 H2O.


CCL19-activated CCR7 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL19 to a C-C chemokine type 7 receptor (CCR7) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


anhydrosialidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acetylneuraminate glycoside = 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminate + an alpha-sialyl group. This reaction is the elimination of alpha-sialyl groups in N-acetylneuraminic acid glycosides, releasing 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminate.


Mo-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


phosphogluconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + medicagenate <=> UDP(3-) + a medicagenate monoglucoside.


quinoline 2-oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quinoline + acceptor + H2O = isoquinolin-1(2H)-one + reduced acceptor.


negative regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-prolyl-[hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunit] + O2 = CO2 + succinate + trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-[hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunit].


saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-lysine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-quinovosamine + NAD(P) = UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose + H+ + NAD(P)H.


negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in stem cell population maintenance

Any negative regulation of cell differentiation that is involved in stem cell population maintenance.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine.


slime layer organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a slime layer. A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell.


protein-heme P460 linkage

The linkage of protein to heme P460.


background adaptation

Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity.


regulation of neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicles.


D-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabitol is converted into D-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to form D-xylulose-5-phosphate.


preribosome binding

Binding to a preribosome.


RNA polymerase IV activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase IV specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


verruculogen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of verruculogen.


anaerobic fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the absence of oxygen.


molybdenum cofactor cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction CTP + molybdenum cofactor = diphosphate + cytidylyl molybdenum cofactor.


histidine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine + acetyl-CoA = N(alpha)-acetyl-L-histidine + CoA + H+.


eye-antennal disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of an eye-antennal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.


right ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


positive regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.


regulation of foraging behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.


hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction

The process in which the hormones modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


gentisate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + hydroquinone.


box H/ACA RNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box H/ACA RNA molecule.


peptide cross-linking via L-cystine

The oxidation of two peptidyl-cysteine residues to form a peptidyl-L-cystine (dicysteine) in which segments of peptide chain are linked by a disulfide bond; the cross-link may be between different or the same peptide chain.


positive regulation of systemic acquired resistance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a myeloid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


gibberellin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


phytochrome chromophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the phytochrome chromophore. The phytochrome chromophore is a linear tetrapyrrolic prosthetic group covalently attached to the large soluble protein phytochrome. Light absorption by the phytochrome chromophore triggers photoconversion between two spectrally distinct forms of the photoreceptor: Pr, the red light absorbing form, and Pfr, the far red light absorbing form.


myrtenol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myrtenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2 H2O + myrtenal.


regulation of mitotic cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.


establishment of plant organ orientation

The process that determines the orientation of a plant organ or tissue with reference to an axis.


cardiac neuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron of the heart.


response to desipramine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desipramine stimulus.


mannan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an inorganic molecular entity from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane. An inorganic molecular entity is a molecular entity that contains no carbon.


tRNA N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cytidine = CoA + N4-acetylcytidine. The cytidine is within the polynucleotide chain of a tRNA.


positive regulation of oogonium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.


alcohol O-hexanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a hexyl ester.


cis-zeatin UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cis-zeatin = H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-cis-zeatin + UDP.


inosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inosine = ADP + IMP.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.


regulation of programmed cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me3.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + NAD+ = 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + H+ + NADH.


zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + gypsogenin = gypsogenin-28-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


(+)-delta-cadinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (+)-delta-cadinene.


regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.


hermaphrodite somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a hermaphroditic organism's soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


lymph circulation

The flow of lymph through the body of an animal.


inorganic diphosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of inorganic diphosphate across a membrane.


ornithine N-benzoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + 2 benzoyl-CoA = N(2),N(5)-dibenzoyl-L-ornithine + 2 CoA + 2 H+.


mannose to fructose-6-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways in which mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, is converted to fructose-6-phosphate.


5'-3' DNA/RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


positive regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.


regulation of xylan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.


noradrenergic neuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron.


mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric distal tubule are generated and organized. The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the mesonephric connecting tubule.


manganese ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of manganese ions within an organism or cell.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a vascular associated smooth muscle cell from one site to another.


morphine 6-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: morphine + NAD(P)+ = morphinone + NAD(P)H + H+.


positive regulation of triglyceride transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.


cellular response to cesium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.


bromoxynil nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile + 2 H2O = 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate + NH4. Involved in the bacterial degradation of the herbicide bromoxynil.


undecan-2-one biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of undecan-2-one.


dCTP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + H2O = dUTP + NH3.


cell surface bile acid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a bile acid to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


protein localization to nucleoplasm

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nucleoplasm.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via the 3'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-3'-DNA)-L-tyrosine.


stilbene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.


thiocyanate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiocyanate, the anion of thiocyanic acid, a toxic cyanide derivative commonly formed as a by-product in the production of gas for fuel, coke, and substances for chemical industries.


The carbamylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative N-carbamoyl-L-alanine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone.


7-methylguanosine cap hypermethylation

Hypermethylation of the 7-(mono)methylguanosine (m(7)G) cap structure at the 2' position of the guanosine residue to convert a mono-methylated cap to a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structure. This type of cap modification occurs on small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is dependent on prior guanine-N7 methylation.


negative regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.


Notch signaling pathway involved in camera-type eye photoreceptor fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a precursor cell to a eye photoreceptor fate.


3-oxo-dodecanoyl-ACP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 3-oxo-dodecanoyl-[acp] = 3-oxododecanoate + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


ABC-type oligogalacturonide transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligogalacturonide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligogalacturonide(in).


negative regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.


Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide](n) + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide](n-1) + D-galacturonate.


negative regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.


specification of ovule identity

The regionalization process in which the identity of an ovule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


4-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 4-phenanthrylsulfate.


high-affinity IgA receptor activity

Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protoporphyrinogen IX + 2 CO2 + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine.


anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex

Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a trans-synaptic protein complex.


neuroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will differentiate into a neuroblast.


specification of metanephric distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.


selenomethionine gamma-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-Selenomethionine + H2O => Methaneselenol + Ammonia + 2-oxobutanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP-D-glucose = beta-D-glucosylpoly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP.


taxoid 7beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: taxusin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 7beta-hydroxytaxusin + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O and 2alpha-hydroxytaxusin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 2alpha,7beta-dihydroxytaxusin + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O.


carbohydrate-importing ABC transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(out) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(in).


R1/R6 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R1 and R6 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


hexose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + O2 = aldono-1,5-lactone + H202.


negative regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydropyrimidine (5,6-dihydrouracil or 5,6-dihydrothymine) + NAD+ = a pyrimidine (uracil or thymine) + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of cerebellar neuron development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.


organic cyclic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (non-phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + NADH + H+.


determination of lung left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the lungs with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (feruloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3,7-di O-beta-D-glucoside + ferulate + H+.


regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.


positive regulation of mammary placode formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that initiates the formation of a mammary placode through a mechanism that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell resulting in the epithelial cell adopting the identity of a cell of the mammary placode.


neuropeptide F receptor activity

Combining with neuropeptide F and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Neuropeptide F is an arthropod peptide of more than 28 residues (typically 28-45) with a consensus C-terminal RxRFamide (commonly RPRFa, but also RVRFa.


rhamnogalacturonan II metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5-10KDa) pectic polysaccharide. The backbone of RG-II contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.


pyoverdine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyoverdine.


2-oxo-acid reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a (2R)-hydroxy-carboxylate + acceptor = a 2-oxo-carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


tolerance induction in gut-associated lymphoid tissue

Tolerance induction taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).


raucaffricine beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + raucaffricine = D-glucose + vomilenine.


Catalysis of the reaction: isovitexin + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + isovitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


regulation of renal water transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.


fructan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructan a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


cardiolipin synthase (CMP-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = CMP + diphosphatidylglycerol.


beta-hydroxybutyrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of beta-hydroxybutyrate from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is the conjugate base of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid.


vacuolar localization

Any process in which the vacuole is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


negative regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.


pyridine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.


spindle pole body anchor activity

The binding activity of a protein that brings together the spindle pole body and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


glucuronoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronosides, any compound formed by combination in glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound with the anomeric carbon atom of a glucuronate.


monocyte extravasation

The migration of a monocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H+ = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + CO2 + H2O.


instar larval or pupal morphogenesis

The process, occurring during instar larval or pupal development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


glutathione-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + NADP+ = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+.


response to rest involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rest stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


P-type magnesium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mg2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Mg2+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: cystine + 2 reduced glutathione = oxidized glutathione + 2 L-cysteine.


stipitatonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + stipitatonate = CO2 + H+ + stipitatate.


3-isopropylmalate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate.


bicyclic nitroimidazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclic nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with two rings and a nitro group attached to one ring.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C(1a) = N(2')-acetylgentamicin C(1a) + CoA + H+. This is acetylation of the 2'-amino group of the 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose ring.


cellular response to flavonoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a flavonoid stimulus.


negative regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


cysteine biosynthetic process via S-sulfo-L-cysteine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate S-sulfo-L-cysteine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + oxidized ferredoxin = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + reduced ferredoxin.


cellular response to resveratrol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a resveratrol stimulus.


negative regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin catabolic process.


negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


interleukin-16 production

The appearance of interleukin-16 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


selenomethionine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-selenomethionine + tRNA(Met) => AMP + diphosphate + selenomethionyl-tRNA(Met).


sperm plasma membrane disassembly

The gradual disintegration of the sperm plasma membrane following insemination. This process is seen in Drosophila after entry of the entire sperm, surrounded by its plasma membrane, into the egg.


regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development.


GUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUU codon.


reception of an inductive signal

The process in which one cell or group of cells receives, transduces, and responds to a signal generated by another cell or group of cells of different ancestry and developmental potential, such that the recipient cell(s) undergo a developmental change.


regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion.


B-1 B cell proliferation

The expansion of a B-1 B cell by cell division. Follows B cell activation.


interleukin-37 production

The appearance of interleukin-37 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + oxalate = acetate + oxalyl-CoA.


mitochondrion-plasma membrane adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrion and a plasma membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the mitochondrion.


organic heteropentacyclic compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic heteropentacyclic compound.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-isoleucine.


auxin-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone auxin to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


mesenchymal smoothened signaling pathway involved in prostate gland development

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane Smoothened-type protein in the mesenchymal cells of the prostate that contribute to the progression of the prostate over time. This process contributes to lung development.


cytidine salvage

Any process that generates cytidine, cytosine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


ornithine N5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + O2 + H+ = N5-hydroxy-L-ornithine + H2O.


betaine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + trimethylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N,N,N-trimethylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin.


regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxypentanoate + acetyl-CoA = 5-hydroxy-pentanoyl-CoA + acetate.