Small Progressed Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A well to moderately differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of obvious stromal invasion and increase atypia compared with early hepatocellular carcinoma.


Recurrent Adult Liver Carcinoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Grade II Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate architectural and cytologic abnormalities.


Testicular Tumor of the Thecoma/Fibroma Group

A group of rare, slow-growing stromal tumors that arise from the testis.  This category includes thecoma and fibroma.


Testicular Signet Ring Stromal Tumor

An extremely rare tumor that arises from the testis. It is characterized by the proliferation of epithelioid cells with signet ring appearance separated by fibrous tissue into trabeculae and nests. The histologic features are bland and there is no mucin production. Mutations of CTNNB1 gene have been identified in the reported cases. It is considered a special type of sex cord-stromal tumor. All reported cases had a benign clinical course without metastases.


recurrent childhood acute myeloid leukemia

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia in childhood after a period of remission.


Stage IV Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, M1b. M1b: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm with all other distant metastases. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Childhood Unfavorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with unfavorable prognosis that occurs during childhood.


vacuole-isolation membrane contact site

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An organelle membrane contact site formed at the junction of the vacuolar membrane and the isolation membrane or phagophore in response to starvation or other stresses, leading to the formation of the autophagosome.


endoplasmic reticulum-endosome membrane contact site

A contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the endosome membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum-vacuole membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and lytic vacuole membranes, structured by bridging complexes.


vacuole-mitochondrion membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between the vacuolar membrane and the mitochondrial outer membrane, important for transfer of lipids between the two organelles.


mitochondrial crista junction

A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.


mitochondrial inner-outer membrane contact site

Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.


nucleus-vacuole junction

An organelle membrane contact site formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.


endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact site

A contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the plasma membrane, structured by bridging complexes.


Acquired Factor III Deficiency

An acquired coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Factor III deficiency

A coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Factor III Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to tissue factor (factor III) in the blood.


Hereditary Factor III Deficiency

An autosomal recessive, inherited coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Acardius

A severe form of twin-twin transfusion syndrome that occurs in monochorionic pregnancies. The normal twin (pump twin) supplies the blood flow to its sibling that lacks heart or brain or both (acardiac/acephalic twin). Untreated, it may lead to the demise of the pump twin in some cases.


Suture Abrasion

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Wearing away of the surface of a suture as a result of bending and frictional forces.


skin abrasion

Superficial damage to the skin caused by rubbing or scraping.


Benign neoplasm of supraglottis

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the supraglottis.


Z granule

A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells that are distinct from, but colocalize with or are adjacent to, P granules and mutator foci and are associated with RNA metabolism. Z granules have been observed in C. elegans.


TIS granule

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm that is formed by the RNA-binding protein TIS11B and RNA molecules, enriched in membrane protein-encoding mRNAs with multiple AU-rich elements. TIS granules are reticular meshworks intertwined with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).


GW body

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. GW-bodies minimally contain the Argonaute2 (Ago2) and TNRC6B proteins, together with specific target RNAs.


RNP body

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm of bacteria, minimally containing the RNase E protein and RNA molecules. Bacterial RNP-bodies are similar to eukaryotic P-bodies and stress granules.


Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia without Maturation

An acute myeloid leukemia without maturation occurring in children.


endometrium glandular epithelium

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


transitional glandular epithelium of anorectum

Glandular epithelium of the anal transition zone. The anal transition zone is defined loosely as the tissue interposed between the uninterrupted squamous epithelium of the anoderm and the uninterrupted mucosal epithelium of the anal canal in the anorectum.


aortic valve anulus

The fibrous ring of the aortic valve that attaches the cusps of aortic valve to the wall of left ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the posterior, right anterior and left anterior cusps.


TRC complex

A protein complex found in yeast that contains GET4, MDY2 (GET5), SGT2, and at least two heat shock proteins, HSP104 and YBR137W. The TRC complex transfers tail-anchored (TA) proteins to GET3 for targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


Parasite-Related Carcinoma

A term that refers to a group of carcinomas that are caused by parasites.


Schistosoma Hematobium-Related Bladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder that is caused by Schistosoma hematobium.


Schistosoma Hematobium-Related Bladder Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder that is caused by Schistosoma hematobium.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to choroid

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the choroid from another anatomic site.


Gallbladder Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder.


Maxillofacial Chondroblastoma

A benign chondroid-producing neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone.


Osteochondromyxoma

A rare benign chondroid and osteoid matrix-producing neoplasm of bone characterized by extensive myxoid changes.  It may be a locally destructive neoplasm and has been reported in patients with Carney complex.


Laryngeal Chondroma

A benign neoplasm arising from hyaline cartilage of the larynx. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Maxillofacial Chondroma

A benign neoplasm of hyaline cartilage that arises within the medullary cavity of a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Maxillofacial Chondromyxoid Fibroma

An uncommon benign cartilaginous neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped or stellate chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, and sometimes multinucleated giant cells.


Chondromatosis

A multifocal benign neoplasm arising from bone or soft tissue.  It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes and is composed of hyaline cartilage.


Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation

A benign lesion that usually affects the proximal small bones of the hands or feet.  Grossly it consists of a cartilage cap and a bony stalk.  Microscopically it is characterized by the presence of spindle cells, cartilage, and bone, usually in a disorganized pattern compared to subungual exostosis.  Enlarged (bizarre) chondrocytes are present in the cartilage.  Swelling with or without pain is present.  Recurrences following resection have been reported in approximately half of cases.


Solitary Osteochondroma

An osteochondroma affecting a single anatomical site.


Tactile Disorder

Conditions characterized by an alteration in the ability to perceive touch.


Uterine Obstruction

Blockage of the uterine outlet. Causes include uterine tumors and adhesions.


Refractory Lymphoma

A lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Central nervous system lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma

Primary cutaneous lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory EBV-Related Lymphoma

EBV-related lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity refractory

Mixed cellularity classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Classical Hodgkin lymphoma refractory

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Primary Bone Lymphoma

Primary lymphoma of bone that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma resistant to treatment


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis refractory

Nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type refractory

Lymphocyte-depleted classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Post abortion hemorrhage

Excessive bleeding occurring after spontaneous miscarriage or therapeutic abortion.


Vitamin D4

It is present in mushrooms.


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-22-oxavitamin D3 3-hemiglutarate/1alpha,25-dihydroxy-22-oxacholecalciferol 3-hemiglutarate


previtamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid which is an intermediate in the production of vitamin D3 in human skin.


23(S),25-dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that is 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 23 (with 23S-configuration) and an oxo group at position 24. An intermediate in the degradation pathway of 25-OH-vitamin D3.


(20S,24S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 24 (both with S-configuration).


(5Z)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-deoxy-3-thiavitamin D3 3-oxide/(5Z)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-deoxy-3-thiacholecalciferol 3-oxide


calcidiol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


1,24(S)-Dihydroxyvitamin D2

Metabolite of vitamin D2. It  present in the circulation of humans, cows, and rats given pharmacologic doses of vitamin D2


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity.


(20S)-hydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 20 with S-configuration.


A hydroxycalciol that is calciol with an additional hydroxy group at position C-1 and an acetoxy group at C-18.


(20S,23)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 23.


1alpha-hydroxy-25,26,27-trinorvitamin D3 24-carboxylic acid


(23S,25R)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactol/(23S,25R)-25-hydroxycholecalciferol 26,23-lactol


A vitamin D in which the side-chain at position 17 consists of a (5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl group.


1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 25-trimethylsilyl ether


1alpha,2beta,25-trihydroxy vitamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol carrying three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha, 2beta and 25.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity


D3 vitamins

A vitamin D that is calciol or its hydroxylated metabolites calcidiol and calcitriol. Calciol (also known as vitamin D3) acts as a hormone precursor, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with an acetoxy group at C-18.


25-Hydroxyvitamin D2

A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


5,6-trans-Vitamin D3

A member of the class of D3 vitamins that is calciol in which the double bond at position 5 adopts a trans-configuration. During exposure to sunlight, previtamin D3 and vitamin D3 in the skin become photoisomerized to 5,6-trans-vitamin D3.


Tacalcitol

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol which carries hydroxy groups at positions 1S and 24R. It is a vitamin D3 analog which is used for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in adults, especially on the scalp.


(20S,24R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 24 (with R-configuration).


20(S),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 25.


Doxercalciferol

A hydroxy seco-steroid and synthetic vitamin D2 analogue that undergoes metabolic activation in vivo to form 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D2), a naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D2. It is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which the body produces excess parathyroid hormone (PTH; a natural substance needed to control the amount of calcium in the blood) in certain people with chronic kidney disease.


Ercalcitriol

A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha and 25.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


nerve of cervical vertebra

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted].


Splenic Plasmacytoma

A plasmacytoma that arises in the spleen.


Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia, Unclassifiable

A small B-cell clonal lymphoproliferative disorder of the spleen that does not fall into any of the other categories of mature B-cell neoplasms.


Malignant Splenic Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the spleen.


Recurrent Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant

The reemergence of hairy cell leukemia variant after a period of remission.


Splenic Manifestation of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive

Infiltration and expansion of the red pulp and sinusoids of the spleen by chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.


Splenic Manifestation of B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

Infiltration and expansion of the white and red pulp of the spleen by B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Spleen

Infiltration of the spleen by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of plasma cell myeloma


Splenic Manifestation of T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

Infiltration and expansion of the white and red pulp of the spleen by T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.


Malignant lymphoma of spleen

A non-Hodgkin lymphoma or rarely Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the spleen.


Splenic Manifestation of T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia

Infiltration and expansion of the red pulp cords and sinusoids of the spleen by T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. The white pulp of the spleen is not involved and is often hyperplastic.


thiazolidinediones

A thiadiazolidine in which the 1,3-thiazolidine ring is substituted by two oxo groups.


neurohypophysis

The posterior part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormon.


Paratesticular Paraganglioma

An extremely rare paraganglioma that arises from the paratesticular structures.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition Associated with Other Organ Dysfunction

Familial myeloid neoplasms associated with germline mutations and a preexisting disorder or organ dysfunction other than a platelet disorder.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition Associated with Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes

Familial myelodysplastic syndromes/ acute myeloid leukemias associated with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline GATA2 Mutation

Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline GATA2 mutation.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline SAMD9 Mutation

Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline SAMD9 mutation.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline SAMD9L Mutation

Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline SAMD9L mutation.


Myeloid Proliferations Associated with Down Syndrome

Myeloid neoplasms occurring in individuals with Down syndrome.  There is an increased risk of acute leukemias in both children and adults with Down syndrome.  In particular, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome children of less than five years of age is particularly high, it is usually an acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, and is associated with GATA1 gene mutation.  This group of disorders also includes the entity transient abnormal myelopoiesis which occurs in neonates and is associated with GATA1 gene mutation.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition Associated with Telomerase Biology Disorders

Familial myelodysplastic syndromes/ acute myeloid leukemias associated with telomerase biology disorders.


Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Lesion

A non-invasive, precursor epithelial proliferation that arises from the fallopian tube, lacks severe atypia, and demonstrates serous differentiation.


Fracture of Ulna Related to Birth

A broken ulna sustained during the birthing process.


Closed Monteggia's fracture

Proximal radial head dislocation in association with a proximal ulnar fracture that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Clavicle Related to Birth

An injury sustained during the birthing process in which the continuity is broken in the clavicle.


Fracture of acetabulum

A traumatic break in the portion of the pelvic bone that forms the hip socket.


Fracture of Femur Related to Birth

A broken femur sustained during the birthing process.


Closed fracture of rib

A traumatic break in one of the bones in the rib cage that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones.


Closed fracture of shaft of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in the diaphysis of the metacarpal bone that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of multiple ribs

A traumatic break in two or more places in one rib, or a traumatic break in more than one rib, that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of pelvis

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones comprising the bony structure of the pelvis that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Open fracture of rib

A traumatic break in one of the bones in the rib cage  that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of mandible, closed

A traumatic break in the mandible  that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of malar AND/OR maxillary bones

A traumatic break in the malar and maxillary bones  that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture Related to Birth

A broken bone sustained during the birthing process.


Closed fracture of neck of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in the area of the metacarpal bone located between the diaphysis and the distal metaphysis that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of bone involving growth plate

A traumatic break in a long bone that involves the epiphyseal plate.


Lumbar vertebral fracture L2

A traumatic break in the second lumbar spinal vertebra.


Upper Extremity Fracture

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in the arm,  forearm, or hand.


Fracture of Humerus Related to Birth

A broken humerus sustained during the birthing process.


Fracture of phalanx of finger

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in one of the digits of the hand.


Open fracture of neck of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in the area of the metacarpal bone located between the diaphysis and the distal metaphysis that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed Colles' fracture

An extra-articular traumatic break in the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Spine Related to Birth

A broken vertebra sustained during the birthing process.


Fracture of Radius Related to Birth

A broken radius sustained during the birthing process.


Colles' Fracture

An extra-articular traumatic break in the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment.


Fracture of wrist

Traumatic injury to the wrist joint in which the continuity of a wrist bone is broken. Symptoms include wrist pain, swelling, and deformity of wrist.


Open fracture of pelvis

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones comprising the bony structure of the pelvis that involves a break in the adjacent skin..


Fracture of Skull Related to Birth

An injury sustained during the birthing process in which the continuity is broken in the skull.


Limb fracture

A traumatic break in one or more bones in a limb.


Open fracture of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Nose Related to Birth

A broken nasal bone sustained during the birthing process.


back nerve

A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition].


nerve of trunk region

A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk).


thoracic cavity nerve

A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


chest nerve

A nerve that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].


nerve of thoracic segment

A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


Parotid Gland Lymphangioma

A lymphangioma arising from the parotid gland.


dichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.


A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of econazole.


(S)-butoconazole

The (S)-enantiomer of butoconazole.


(S)-Tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of tioconazole.


Isoconazole, (R)-

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-isoconazole. A broad-spectrum antibacterial drug used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of dermatomycoses.


A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of econazole.


clonidine (amino form)

A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.


Isoconazole, (S)-

A 1-{2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of isoconazole.


(S)-Miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has S) configuration.


Arasertaconazole

A 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the active R-enantiomer of sertaconazole and is used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The racemate itself is also used as a broad-spectrum antifungal drug.


(R)-butaconazole

The (R)-enantiomer of butaconazole.


(R)-Miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has R configuration.


A salicylanilide derivative with chloride substituents at C-3 and C-5 of the salicylate moiety and at C-3 and C-4 of the anilide moiety.


(R)-Tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of tioconazole.


(S)-Sertaconazole

A 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of sertaconazole.


A pyrazolylpiperidine that consists of 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine carrying a 2-amino-3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]pyridin-5-yl group at the 4-position of the pyrazole ring.


cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of left ventricle

A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle tissue of papillary muscle

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a papillary muscle [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of right ventricle

A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


Purkinje fiber network

A collection of Purkinje fibers that receives signals from the right and left bundle branches and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. The Purkinje fiber network creates synchronized contractions of the heart ventricles.


trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle of left ventricle

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


right bundle branch

The right branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates just below the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the right ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fibers[MP].


cardiac muscle of right ventricle

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


His-Purkinje system

The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


left bundle branch

The left branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates at the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the left ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fiber[MP].


Stage IV Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


A sympathetic paraganglioma arising from the retroperitoneum, outside the adrenal gland.


Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroma

A ganglioneuroma arising from the retroperitoneum.


Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of adrenal cortical carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Adrenal Cortical Oncocytic Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is composed of oncocytic cells that constitute more than 90% of malignant cells.


Stage III Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, Any N, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. T3: Tumor of any size with local invasion but not invading adjacent organs. T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organs (kidney, diaphragm, pancreas, spleen, or liver) or large blood vessels (renal vein or vena cava). N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of adrenal cortical carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. Adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma is staged according to the classification for adrenal neuroendocrine tumors. There is no AJCC staging system for neuroblastic tumors of the adrenal gland. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adrenal Cortical Oncocytic Adenoma

A usually non-functioning variant of adrenal cortex adenoma, composed of large cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Glomerulosa Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of neoplastic cells with cytologic features of glomerulosa cells.


Stage III Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, no extra-adrenal invasion.  T2: Tumor greater than 5 cm, no extra-adrenal invasion.  T3: Tumor of any size with local invasion, but not invading adjacent organs.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroma

A ganglioneuroma arising from the adrenal gland.


Adrenal Gland Lipoma

A rare lipoma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Recurrent Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

The reemergence of pheochromocytoma following surgical removal.


Clear Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of neoplastic clear cells containing intracytoplasmic lipid droplets.


Stage IV Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T3: Tumor of any size with local invasion, but not invading adjacent organs.  T4: Tumor of any size with invasion of adjacent organs.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Retroperitoneal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor that arises from the retroperitoneum. This is an extragastrointestinal tumor, meaning that it does not arise directly from the gastrointestinal tract.


Leiomyoma of the adrenal gland

A rare leiomyoma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Benign neoplasm of retroperitoneum

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the retroperitoneum.


Benign neoplasm of adrenal cortex

A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the adrenal cortex.


Stage I Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Familial Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

A familial adrenal gland pheochromocytoma caused by mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD genes.


Adrenal Cortical Adenomatoid Tumor

A benign adrenal cortical neoplasm deriving from mesothelial cells.


Locally Advanced Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

Adrenal gland pheochromocytoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Adrenal Cortical Myxoid Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular connective tissue mucin.


Locally Advanced Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Adrenal cortical carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Adrenal Gland Lymphangioma

A rare lymphangioma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Stage II Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor greater than 5 cm, no extra-adrenal invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adrenal Gland Lymphoma

A rare lymphoma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Adrenal Cortical Low Grade Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the presence of twenty or less mitoses per ten square millimeters.


Metastatic Adrenal Gland Composite Pheochromocytoma

An adrenal gland composite pheochromocytoma that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Metastatic Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Adrenal Gland Hemangioma

A rare hemangioma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Superior and Inferior Paraaortic Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal sympathetic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia located along the aorta, including suprarenal, infrarenal, and renal hilar sites.  In functional tumors, the hypersecretion of catecholamines results in hypertension.


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Adrenal Cortex

A carcinoma that has spread to the adrenal cortex from an adjacent or distal anatomic site.


Androgen-Producing Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

A rare adenoma of the adrenal cortex that produces androgens.  Female patients usually have symptoms related to virilism.


Unresectable Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

Adrenal gland pheochromocytoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Compact Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of neoplastic compact cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Adrenal Cortical Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor

An extremely rare sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the adrenal cortex. The reported cases were solitary and unilateral.


Adrenal Gland Composite Pheochromocytoma

A neoplasm that arises from the adrenal medulla and combines morphologic characteristics of pheochromocytoma and neuroectodermal tumors such as neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, or peripheral nerve sheath tumor.


Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroblastoma, Intermixed

An intermixed ganglioneuroblastoma arising from the adrenal gland.


Adrenal Cortical High Grade Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the presence of more than twenty mitoses per ten square millimeters.


Stage I Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Advanced Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

An adrenal gland pheochromocytoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Adrenal Cortical Melanoma

A rare melanoma that arises within the adrenal cortex.


Adrenal Gland Schwannoma

A rare schwannoma that arises from the adrenal medulla.


Mixed Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of a mixed neoplastic cellular population, including varying numbers of neoplastic clear and compact cells.


Stage II Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroblastoma, Nodular

A nodular ganglioneuroblastoma arising from the adrenal gland.


Unresectable Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Adrenal cortical carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Malignant Retroperitoneal Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant retroperitoneal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Non-Metastatic Adrenal Gland Composite Pheochromocytoma

A composite pheochromocytoma that is confined to the adrenal gland.


Regional Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

A pheochromocytoma that has not spread to other regions.


Heavily Pigmented Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

A usually functioning adenoma of the adrenal cortex. Grossly, it has a dark brown appearance and is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells containing abundant intracytoplasmic lipofuscin. It may be associated with Cushing syndrome.


Recurrent Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

The reemergence of adrenal cortical carcinoma after a period of remission.


Anaplastic adrenocortical carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the partial or complete loss of adrenal cortical differentiation.


Refractory Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Adrenal cortical carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


estrogen-producing adrenal cortical adenoma

A rare adenoma of the adrenal cortex that produces estrogens.  Male patients may develop gynecomastia and impotence.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to adrenal gland

A malignant tumor that has spread to the adrenal gland from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.  The majority of cases are metastatic carcinomas, and less frequently lymphomas.


cytoplasmic DNA replication factor C complex

A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Examples of this component are found in prokaryotic species.


nuclear DNA replication factor C complex

A nuclear complex of five polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta or epsilon. In Saccharomyces and several other species, the subunits are known as Rfc1p-Rfc5p, although subunit names do not necessarily correspond between different species.


dorsal horn of spinal cord

The pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord[MP]. the dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion[WP]. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input[GO].


Forceps Injury

Birth injury sustained during a forceps-assisted delivery.


Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Associated Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma developing in patients with familiar adenomatous polyposis syndrome.  It is observed in patients with Turcot syndrome, type 2.


Sellar Neuroblastoma

A rare neuroblastoma arising from the sella turcica.


Refractory Ganglioneuroblastoma

Ganglioneuroblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes, DICER1-Mutated

An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes characterized by the presence of DICER1 mutation. Approximately half of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes that lack a C19MC alteration carry DICER1 mutations.


Refractory Dedifferentiated Chordoma

A dedifferentiated chordoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Rhabdoid Tumor

Rhabdoid tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Familial Neuroblastoma

Genetic inheritance of neuroblastoma caused by mutations in the ALK or PHOX2B genes.  Familial neuroblastomas have a higher incidence of multiple primary tumors and are diagnosed at an earlier age.


Childhood Central Nervous System Ganglioneuroblastoma

A cerebral ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Advanced Chordoma

A chordoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified with Leptomeningeal Spread

A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified which has spread from its original site to the leptomeninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.


Visual Pathway Medulloepithelioma

A very rare, benign or malignant embryonal neoplasm affecting the visual pathway during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium.


Neuroblastoma of the Adrenal Gland and Sympathetic Nervous System

A common pediatric extracranial tumor arising from neural crest cells.  It involves the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system.


Adult Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

A supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified that occurs in adults.


An intermixed ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Anaplastic Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma characterized by marked nuclear pleomorphism, and high mitotic activity.


Paratesticular Wilms Tumor

A rare Wilms tumor that arises from the paratesticular structures.


Prostate Wilms Tumor

A rare Wilms tumor affecting the prostate gland.


Childhood Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

An atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor occurring in children.


medulloblastoma SHH activated and TP53 mutant

Medulloblastoma associated with activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway and the presence of TP53 mutations.


Localized Resectable Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma that is confined to a specific site and is amenable to surgical removal.


Refractory Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Rhabdoid Tumor

The reemergence of rhabdoid tumor after a period of remission.


Thyroblastoma

A high-grade, rapidly growing malignant embryonal neoplasm that arises from the thyroid gland. It is characterized by the presence of primitive follicular-like structures surrounded by primitive small cells and primitive spindle cell mesenchymal stroma. It is associated with DICER1 gene mutations. The prognosis is poor.


Extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma recurrent

Reemergence of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma after a period of remission.


Peripheral neuroepithelioma of bone metastatic

A small round cell tumor of the bone with neural differentiation that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Ewing Sarcoma

A Ewing sarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm of embryonal origin, arising from the central nervous system.  It usually affects children.  Representative examples include ependymoblastoma, medulloblastoma, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.


Locally Advanced Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Sellar Dedifferentiated Chordoma

A dedifferentiated chordoma that arises from the sellar region.


Recurrent Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm

The reemergence of childhood central nervous system embryonal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Resectable Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


High Risk Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma usually presenting with metastatic disease and MYCN gene amplifications.


embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes

A central nervous system embryonal tumor characterized by the presence of multilayered rosette formation and typically the presence of amplification of the C19MC region on chromosome 19 (19q13.42) or rarely a DICER1 mutation.


Peripheral neuroepithelioma of bone recurrent

The reemergence of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the bone after a period of remission.


Cribriform Neuroepithelial Tumor

A very rare, nonrhabdoid, intraventricular tumor with relatively favorable prognosis.  It is characterized by the presence of neuroepithelial cells forming cribriform patterns, trabeculae, epithelial membrane antigen immunopositivity on epithelial surfaces, and loss of nuclear INI 1 expression.


Sellar Chordoma

A chordoma that arises from the sellar region.


The reemergence of medulloblastoma, WNT-activated after a period of remission.


Stage 3 Neuroblastoma

Unresectable unilateral tumor infiltrating across the midline, with or without regional lymph node involvement; or localized unilateral tumor with contralateral regional lymph node involvement; or midline tumor with bilateral extension by infiltration (unresectable) or by lymph node involvement. The midline is defined as the vertebral column. Tumors originating on one side and crossing the midline must infiltrate to or beyond the opposite side of the vertebral column. (cancer.gov)


Refractory Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

An atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Stage 4S neuroblastoma

Localized primary tumor, as defined for stage 1, 2A, or 2B, with dissemination limited to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow (limited to infants younger than 1 year). Marrow involvement should be minimal (i.e., <10% of total nucleated cells identified as malignant by bone biopsy or by bone marrow aspirate). More extensive bone marrow involvement would be considered stage 4 disease. The results of the MIBG scan, if performed, should be negative for disease in the bone marrow. (cancer.gov)


Medulloblastoma with Leptomeningeal Spread

A medulloblastoma which has spread from its original site to the leptomeninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.


Unresectable Rhabdoid Tumor

A rhabdoid tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that has spread to other more distant organs, such as the lungs, liver, bones, and brain, or to lymph nodes outside the abdomen (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Poorly Differentiated Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma in which the differentiating neuroblasts constitute less than five-percent of the tumor cells.


Skin Ewing Sarcoma

A rare Ewing sarcoma that arises from the skin.


Recurrent Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

The reemergence of an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor after a period of remission.


Unresectable Chordoma

A chordoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Ciliary Body Teratoid Medulloepithelioma

A rare, unilateral, benign or malignant embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium and contains heterologous elements, particularly cartilage, skeletal muscle, and brain tissue.


Undifferentiated Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma characterized by the absence of differentiating neuroblasts.


Stage 2 Neuroblastoma

Stage 2 includes stage 2A and stage 2B.  Stage 2A: Localized tumor with incomplete gross excision; representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically. Stage 2B: Localized tumor with or without complete gross excision, with ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes positive for tumor. Enlarged contralateral lymph nodes must be negative microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Locally Advanced Chordoma

A chordoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues.


Regional Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma confined to a specific anatomic region without evidence of dissemination.


Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor of the Prostate

A rare extrarenal rhabdoid tumor affecting the prostate gland.


Refractory Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

A malignant small round cell tumor with or without neural differentiation that is resistant to treatment.


Neuroblastoma recurrent

The reemergence of neuroblastoma after a period of remission.


Unresectable Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage 2A Neuroblastoma

Localized tumor with incomplete gross excision; representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Sinonasal Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Medulloblastoma, Molecularly Defined

A term that refers to the classification of medulloblastomas according to their molecular characteristics.


Metastatic Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Childhood Medulloblastoma

The reemergence of childhood medulloblastoma after a period of remission.


Childhood Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

A supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified that occurs in childhood.


Extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma non-metastatic

Ewing sarcoma that arises from the soft tissue and is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Medulloblastoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A medulloblastoma which has not been further characterized.


Benign medulloepithelioma of ciliary body

A rare, unilateral, benign embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium.


Recurrent tumors of the Ewing's family

The reemergence of a malignant small round cell tumor with or without neural differentiation after a period of remission.


Malignant medulloepithelioma of ciliary body

A rare, unilateral, malignant embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium.


Recurrent Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

The reemergence of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the central or the peripheral nervous system after a period of remission.


Anaplastic Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor of the kidney characterized by the presence of nuclear anaplasia.  Anaplasia is defined by the presence of all of the following: multipolar polyploid mitotic figures, marked nuclear enlargement, and hyperchromasia.  When anaplasia is diffuse, it is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome.


Disseminated neuroblastoma

Any primary tumor with dissemination to distant lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver, skin, and/or other organs, except as defined for stage 4S. (cancer.gov)


Stage II Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that is found in the kidney and in the fat, soft tissue, or blood vessels near the kidney. It may have spread to the renal sinus. The renal sinus is the part of the kidney where blood and fluid enter and exit the organ. The tumor can be completely removed with surgery. (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Localized Askin Tumor

A small round cell tumor confined to a specific area of the thoracic cavity without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Recurrent Medulloblastoma

The reemergence of medulloblastoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Kidney Wilms Tumor

The reemergence of Wilms tumor of the kidney after a period of remission.


Poorly Differentiated Chordoma

A rare, aggressive type of chordoma characterized by loss of SMARCB1 expression. It affects children and occasionally young adults. Females are affected twice as frequently as males. It usually arises in the axial skeleton. It is composed of sheets or nests of malignant epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The prognosis is poor.


Stage III Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that is found in areas near the kidney and cannot be completely removed with surgery. The tumor may have spread to nearby organs and blood vessels or throughout the abdomen and to nearby lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are tiny, bean-shaped organs that help fight infection. Stage III cancer has not spread outside the abdomen. (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor with Rhabdoid Features

A central nervous system embryonal neoplasm characterized by the presence of histological features consistent with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor and absence of mutations of the INI1 gene or SMARCA4 (BRG1) gene.


Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor, Not Elsewhere Classified

A central nervous system embryonal tumor lacking molecular abnormalities that would classify it as one of the molecularly defined central nervous system embryonal neoplasms.


Refractory Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that is resistant to treatment.


Childhood Ganglioneuroblastoma, Nodular

A nodular ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Kadish Stage B Olfactory Neuroblastoma

An olfactory neuroblastoma that involves the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Fourth Ventricle Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma occurring in the fourth ventricle.


Localized Unresectable Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma that is confined to a specific site and is not amenable to surgical removal.


Kidney Ewing Sarcoma

A rare Ewing sarcoma arising from the kidney.


Kadish Stage A Olfactory Neuroblastoma

An olfactory neuroblastoma that is confined to the nasal cavity


Benign Notochordal Cell Tumor

An intraosseous benign tumor of notochord origin that arises in the bones of the base of the skull, vertebral bodies, sacrum or coccyx.  It contains vacuolated tumor cells without atypia, but lacks myxoid matrix, necrosis, and lobular architecture, which are features that characterize its malignant counterpart, chordoma.  Most lesions are incidental findings.


Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma, FOXR2-Activated

A rare central nervous system embryonal neoplasm with neuroblastic and/or neuronal differentiation. It is characterized by the presence of structural rearrangements of FOXR2 gene that result in the activation of the transcription factor FOXR2.


Refractory Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Metastatic Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


medulloblastoma non-WNT/non-SHH group 3

Medulloblastoma not associated with activation of the WNT pathway or sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway. MYC amplifications may be present. TP53 mutations are absent. Patients in this group are usually young children. The overall survival is the worst among all the molecular groups.


Stage 1 Neuroblastoma

Localized tumor with complete gross excision, with or without microscopic residual disease; representative ipsilateral lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Vulvar Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma arising from the vulva.


Central Nervous System Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma that arises in the central nervous system.


Region 17p13 Allelic Loss Associated Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma characterized by the loss of one of the p13 regions of chromosome 17.  Loss of genetic material of chromosome arm 17p is the most common molecular genetic abnormality found in medulloblastomas.


Recurrent Bone Ewing Sarcoma

The reemergence of Ewing sarcoma of the bone after a period of remission.


Extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma metastatic

An Ewing sarcoma of the soft tissues which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Sinonasal Olfactory Neuroblastoma

An olfactory neuroblastoma that arises from the sinonasal tract.


Childhood Pineoblastoma

A pineoblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Metastatic Chordoma

A chordoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage I Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that is found in one kidney and can be completely removed with surgery. (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Dedifferentiated chordoma

A high-grade malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the notochord. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, the presence of physaliphorous cells, and a sarcomatous component.


Recurrent Ganglioneuroblastoma

The reemergence of ganglioneuroblastoma after a period of remission.


The reemergence of SHH-activated medulloblastoma after a period of remission.


Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm

A central nervous system embryonal tumor that occurs during childhood.


Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Kidney

A small round cell tumor with neural differentiation arising from the kidney.


Recurrent Olfactory Neuroblastoma

The reemergence of olfactory neuroblastoma after a period of remission.


Childhood Ganglioneuroblastoma

A ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Large cell Ewing sarcoma of bone

Ewing sarcoma characterized by the presence of large malignant cells with prominent nucleoli and irregular contours.


Recurrent Childhood Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

The reemergence of supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified in childhood after a period of remission.


PNET of bone localised

A small round cell tumor with neural differentiation that is confined to a specific area of the bone and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes without C19MC Alteration

An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes characterized by the absence of C19MC amplification. Approximately half of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes that lack a C19MC alteration carry DICER1 mutations.


Kadish Stage C Olfactory Neuroblastoma

An olfactory neuroblastoma that extends beyond the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Associated Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma developing in patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas.  It is observed in patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and it is associated with PTCH gene inactivation.


Medulloblastoma, WNT-activated that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


Stage 2B Neuroblastoma

Localized tumor with or without complete gross excision, with ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes positive for tumor. Enlarged contralateral lymph nodes must be negative microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Childhood Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma that arises from the cerebral hemispheres and occurs during childhood.


SHH-activated medulloblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


Metastatic Bone Ewing Sarcoma

An Ewing sarcoma of the bone which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

A small round cell tumor with or without neural differentiation that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


medulloblastoma non-WNT/non-SHH group 4

Medulloblastoma not associated with activation of the WNT pathway or sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway. MYC amplifications are absent. TP53 mutations are absent. Chromosome 17 abnormalities may be present.


Metastatic Ewing's Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Refractory Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

The reemergence of a small round cell tumor with neural differentiation after a period of remission.


ELP1-Associated Medulloblastoma

An SHH-activated, TP53-wildtype medulloblastoma caused by germline ELP1 gene variations and develops during childhood.


Mesoblastic nephroma, mixed

A congenital mesoblastic nephroma characterized by the presence of classic and cellular areas.


Refractory Chordoma

A chordoma that does not respond to treatment.


Central Nervous System Ganglioneuroblastoma

A supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor characterized by the presence of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells and ganglion cells.


Childhood Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Ewing's sarcoma recurrent

Ewing sarcoma which has recurred after treatment and/or remission. While initial complete responses are not uncommon, there is a fair chance of relapse as late as one to two decades after initial therapy.


webbed manual digit

A digit that is part of a webbed manus.


Calculus of gallbladder with cholecystitis

An acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder associated with the presence of gallstones.


Chronic acalculous cholecystitis

Chronic cholecystitis not associated with the presence of gallstones.


HU-DNA complex

A protein-DNA complex that consists of HU heterodimers (an alpha and a beta chain) assembled into octamers along DNA. HU binds to double-stranded DNA in a structure- and sequence-specific manner and bends the DNA into a nucleosome-like structure.


IHF-DNA complex

A protein-DNA complex containing IHF heterodimers (an alpha and a beta chain) bound to DNA. IHF binds to double-stranded DNA in a structure- and sequence-specific manner and bends the DNA into a nucleosome-like structure, the bacterial nucleoid.


Peritoneal Lymph Node

A lymph node located in the peritoneum.


Intracranial Mesenchymal Tumor, FET-CREB Fusion-Positive

A provisional entity that refers to a group of neoplasms with a broad morphological spectrum, characterized by fusion of a FET family gene (usually EWSR1 and rarely FUS) with a member of the CREB family of transcription factors (CREB1, ATF1, or CREM). It includes entities previously termed intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma or intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumor. It is usually located in the supratentorial brain and mostly affects children and young adults. There is a spectrum of clinical behaviors ranging from slowly growing tumors to rapid recurrences, and rarely metastases.


viral occlusion body

A crystalline protein matrix surrounding the nucleocapsids of some insect viruses after their release in the environment. Produced in the host cell, the occlusion body protects the infectious virion after death of the host.


left hepatic duct

The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct.


Diffuse Low Grade Glioma, FGFR1-Mutant

Diffuse low-grade glioma characterized by FGFR1 gene mutations, an internal tandem duplication within the FGFR1 gene or the presence of an FGFR1 fusion gene.


Stage IV Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Astler-Coller B1 Rectal Carcinoma

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0) and (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Postprocedural respiratory disorders

A respiratory disorder occurring as a consequence of a procedure.


Vulvar Neoplasm of Skin Appendage Origin

A benign or malignant vulvar neoplasm with differentiating characteristics towards sweat or sebaceous glands or hair follicles.  Representative examples include trichoepithelioma, syringoma, and eccrine adenocarcinoma.


Malignant Vulvar Sweat Gland Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from sweat glands in the vulva. Representative examples include eccrine adenocarcinoma, apocrine adenocarcinoma, and Paget disease.


Vulvar Hidradenoma Papilliferum

A benign glandular neoplasm that arises from the vulva. It presents as a mass or cystic lesion in or adjacent to the interlabial sulcus. It is characterized by the presence of complex branching papillae with fibrovascular stalks, lined by uniform columnar epithelial secretory cells and myoepithelial cells.


Vulvar Adenocarcinoma of Sweat Gland Origin

A rare adenocarcinoma arising from vulvar skin sweat glands.


Cirrhosis of the Liver Secondary to Hepatitis C

Cirrhosis of the liver that develops as a sequelae of a hepatitis c infection.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial involvement, equal or more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Triazine

Compounds based on a triazine skeleton.


Any compound with a 1,2,4-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 2 and 4 of the core benzene ring structure.


Any compound with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 3 and 5 of the core benzene ring structure.


Quinazoline

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic early endosome membrane

The component of the postsynaptic early endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of intraperoxisomal membrane

The component of the intraperoxisomal membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane

The component of the postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of nuclear outer membrane

The component of a nuclear outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane

The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of plastid thylakoid membrane

The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of plastid membrane

The component of a plastid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its stromal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of neuronal dense core vesicle membrane

The component of the neuronal dense core vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of plastid inner membrane

The component of a plastid inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of presynaptic endosome membrane

The component of the presynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic endosome membrane

The component of the postsynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of lumenal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its lumenal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of stromal side of plastid inner membrane

The component of a plastid inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its stromal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane

The component of the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of dense core granule membrane

The component of the dense core granule membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


Anaplastic Hemispheric Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma that arises from the cerebral hemispheres.


Frontal Lobe Anaplastic Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma occurring in the frontal lobe.


Cerebral Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the cerebral hemispheres as a primary lesion.


Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma, MET-Altered

A high-grade cellular astrocytoma that arises in the cerebral hemisphere and occurs in early childhood. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase fusions in the MET gene.


Parietal Lobe Anaplastic Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma occurring in the parietal lobe.


Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma, ALK-Altered

A high-grade cellular astrocytoma that arises in the cerebral hemisphere and occurs in early childhood. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase fusions in the ALK gene.


Temporal Lobe Anaplastic Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma occurring in the temporal lobe.


Childhood Cerebral Anaplastic Astrocytoma

A cerebral anaplastic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma, NTRK-Altered

A high-grade cellular astrocytoma that arises in the cerebral hemisphere and occurs in early childhood. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase fusions in the NTRK family.


Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma with WWTR1-CAMTA1 Gene Fusion

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma characterized by a t(1;3)(p36;q23-q25) translocation, resulting in a WWTR1-CAMTA1 gene fusion. This translocation and associated gene fusion occur in more than 90% of epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas.


brain endothelium

Vascular endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier.


Laryngeal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor that arises from the larynx.


mammalian cervical vertebra 5

The fifth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified].


Orbital emphysema

The presence of air or gas in the subcutaneous tissue of the orbit of the eye.


Hydroxychloroquine-triggered QTc Interval Prolongation

QTc interval prolongation that is seen as an adverse event in some patients with co-morbid cardiovascular disease who are treated with hydroxychloroquine.


purine ribonucleotide

Any ribonucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.


adenyl ribonucleotide

A purine riboncleotide where adenine is the purine.


intramuscular adipose tissue

Adipose tissue which is located throughout skeletal muscle and is responsible for the marbling seen in certain cuts of beef. In humans, excess accumulation of intramuscular fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.


Recurrent Sarcoma of the Extremity

A sarcoma of the soft tissues or bones of the upper or lower extremity that has recurred after a period of remission.


Stage II Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Stage II includes: T3, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: Low.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm, but not more than 10 cm, in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Hereditary Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that has developed in relatives of patients with a history of colon carcinoma.


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated,  low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.


Stage IIB Small Intestinal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor perforates the visceral peritoneum or directly invades other organs or structures (including other loops of small intestine, mesentery, or retroperitoneum more than 2 cm, and abdominal wall by way of serosa; for duodenum only, invasion of pancreas or bile duct). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Intestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Non-Neoplastic Intestinal Disorder

A disorder that affects the small or large intestine and is non-neoplastic in nature. Representative examples include acute appendicitis, colitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.


Colorectal Conventional Adenoma

A benign, premalignant colorectal neoplasm composed of dysplastic epithelium. The descriptor "conventional" distinguishes this from lesions in the serrated pathway. (WHO 2019)


Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Serrated Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant infiltrate with serrated glandular architecture.


Jejunal web

The formation of tissue in the lumen of the jejunum that results in partial obstruction.


Adenoma of the Colon with Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

An intramucosal malignant glandular epithelial infiltrate in a colonic adenoma.  There is no evidence of submucosal invasion.


Rectal Conventional Adenoma

A benign, premalignant rectal neoplasm composed of dysplastic epithelium. The descriptor "conventional" distinguishes this from lesions in the serrated pathway. (WHO 2019)


Small Intestinal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the small intestine.  It is composed of malignant epithelial cells which do not display evidence of glandular, squamous, or transitional cell differentiation.


Colon Conventional Adenoma

A benign, premalignant colon neoplasm composed of dysplastic epithelium. The descriptor "conventional" distinguishes this from lesions in the serrated pathway. (WHO 2019)


Unresectable Colon Adenocarcinoma

A colon adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIC Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colon Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colon cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the colon. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Colorectal Perineurioma

A perineurioma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It usually presents as a small sessile polyp.


Colitis aggravated

Exacerbation of an underlying colitis.


Small Intestinal Enterochromaffin Cell Serotonin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the small intestine and produces serotonin.


Stage IVB Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Metastatic Colon Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the colon and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Childhood Rectal Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the rectum that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm. T3: Tumor invading the pancreas or peripancreatic adipose tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Duodenal web

Partial or complete obstruction of the duodenal lumen due to the presence of a membranous web.


Clostridium sordellii Colitis

Inflammation of the colon resulting from Clostridium Sordelli.


Stage 0 Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: High grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 2 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon and rectum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b.  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectosigmoid cancer recurrent

The reemergence of rectosigmoid carcinoma after a period of remission.


Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ileum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Rectosigmoid Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Metastatic Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises in the colon or rectum that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Colorectal Cowden-Associated Polyp

A hamartomatous polyp that arises from the colon and rectum and it is associated with the presence of Cowden syndrome.


Colorectal Adenoma with Moderate Dysplasia

An adenoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of moderate epithelial dysplasia.


Metastatic Rectal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the rectum and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IV Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T1, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T2, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T3, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T4, N0, N1, N2, M1). T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis in less than 12 nodes. N2: Large mesenteric masses (larger than 2 cm) and/or extensive nodal deposits (12 or greater), especially those that encase the superior mesenteric vessels. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the jejunum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Stage IVC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Chronic Active Colitis

Chronic colitis with superimposed neutrophilic mucosal infiltrates. It is usually seen during exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease.


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Small Intestinal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of small intestinal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Sigmoid Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the sigmoid colon. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


Non-infective Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A disease of the intestines that is inflammatory but not infectious.


Colorectal Inflammatory Polyp

A non-neoplastic polypoid lesion in the colon and rectum.  It may arise in a background of inflammatory bowel disease or colitis.  It is characterized by the presence of a distorted epithelium, inflammation, and fibrosis.


Colorectal Benign Granular Cell Tumor

A benign granular cell tumor that arises from the colon or rectum. It usually presents as a mucosal nodule and is detected incidentally by endoscopy.


Refractory Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the rectum.


Small Intestinal Myeloid Sarcoma

An extramedullary myeloid tumor that arises from the small intestine. It often presents with abdominal pain and obstruction.


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of colorectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms).


Unresectable Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Colorectal Carcinoma

A rare colorectal carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Grade 1 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the duodenum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Stage II Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Refractory Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Colon Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colonic glandular epithelium and invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa but not the submucosa.


Colonic tubulovillous adenoma

A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. It is characterized by tubular and villous architectural patterns. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


Small intestine carcinoma stage III

Stage III includes: IIIA (Any T, N1, M0); IIIB (Any T, N2, M0); N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Colorectal Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

A rare, invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Refractory Colon Adenocarcinoma

Colon adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Rectal Adenocarcinoma

A rectal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Small Intestinal Ulcer

A circumscribed inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion in the mucosa surface of the small intestine.


Stage III Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: Any T, N1, M0; IIIB: Any T, N2, M0. N1: Metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in three or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Stage IIIA Small Intestinal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Intestinal Composite Gangliocytoma/Neuroma and Neuroendocrine Tumor

A usually indolent neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises in the intestine. Patients may present with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It is a triphasic tumor consisting of a mixture of epithelioid neuroendocrine cells, Schwann-like cells, and ganglion cell-like elements.


Rectosigmoid Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid area characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin.  Malignant glandular epithelial cells are present in the mucin collections.  Mucin constitutes more than 50% of the lesion.


Stage 0 Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial or invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IVC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of rectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a.  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Grade 2 Colon Adenocarcinoma

A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6

Stage Group III is subdivided into IIIA (T1-2, N1, M0), IIIB (T3-4, N1, M0) or IIIC (any T, N2 M0).  T1: Tumor invades the submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum.  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IV Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 1 Colon Adenocarcinoma

A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Carcinoma of sigmoid colon

A carcinoma that arises from the sigmoid colon.


Stage II Colorectal Cancer

Stage Group II is subdivided into IIA and IIB on the basis of whether the primary tumor is T3 or T4, respectively.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Suspected Necrotizing Enterocolitis

The diagnosis assigned when a health care practitioner feels strongly the patient has necrotizing enterocolitis, but lacks definitive proof.


Colorectal Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


Colorectal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Colorectal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

Microsatellite stable colon carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IIIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small Intestinal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the small intestine and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Small Intestinal High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the small intestine.  It is characterized by moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia and complex architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.