alkylbenzene

A  monocyclic arene that is benzene substituted with one or more alkyl groups.


glycol

A diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


alkyl alcohol

An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position.


sulfamides

Compounds where two amino groups are bound to an SO2 unit.


oxoacid

A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


allylic alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).


metal sulfate

Sulfate salts where the cation is a metal ion.


phenylethanolamines

An ethanolamine compound having a phenyl (substituted or unsubstituted) group on the carbon bearing the hydroxy substituent.


resorcinols

Any benzenediol in which the two hydroxy groups are meta to one another.


organic sulfate

Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group


hydrides

Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.


artemisinin derivative

Any organic peroxide formally obtained from artemisinin.


organosulfonic acid

An organic derivative of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon.


peroxides

Compounds of structure ROOR'.


halohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom.


enol

Alkenols; the term refers specifically to vinylic alcohols, which have the structure HOCR'=CR2. Enols are tautomeric with aldehydes (R' = H) or ketones (R' =/= H).


hydroxypolyether

A hydroxyether compound containing more than one ether group.


organic hydroxy compound

An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.


Levobetaxolol

The (S)-enantiomer of betaxolol.


inorganic calcium salt

A calcium salt that lacks C-H bonds


tertiary alcohol

A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.


Bevantolol, (R)-

The (R)-enantiomer of bevantolol.


cyclohexanols

An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.


haloalkane

A halohydrocarbon that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by with a halogen atom.


hydroxyether

Any ether carrying a hydroxy group at unspecified position.


hydrocarbon

A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


A mononitrophenol that is 2-nitrophenol and its derivatives resulting from substitution of one or more of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring by a non-nitro group.


main-group coordination entity

A coordination entity in which the central atom to which the ligands are attached comes from groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 of the periodic table.


oligosaccharide sulfate

Any  carbohydrate sulfate that is an oligosaccharide carrying at least one O-sulfo substituent.


secondary alcohol

A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.


polyene

An olefin that contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond.


mononitrophenol

A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.


Any  propanediol bearing hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3.


polyol

A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups.


primary allylic alcohol

An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to two hydrogens.


coordination entity

An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands).


sulfuric ester

An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid.


alditol

A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nCH2OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group).


hydroxides

Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).


organic peroxide

Compounds of structure ROOR' in which R and R' are organic groups.


aromatic alcohol

Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.


polyene antibiotic

A family of antibiotics containing a conjugated polyene moiety, usuallly isolated from some species of Streptomyces.


Bevantolol, (S)-

The (S)-enantiomer of bevantolol.


organohalogen compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom).


long chain primary alcohol

A primary alcohol with a chain length ranging from 13-22 carbons which is usually but not always a fatty alcohol.


pentol

A  polyol with five hydroxy groups.


fatty alcohol

An aliphatic alcohol consisting of a chain of 3 to greater than 27 carbon atoms. Fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may be branched or unbranched.


Oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.


N-sulfonylurea

A urea in which one of the hydrogens attached to a nitrogen of the urea group is replaced by a sulfonyl group. The N-sulfonylurea moiety is a key group in various herbicides, as well as in a number of antidiabetic drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetis mellitus.


sulfonamide

An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2.


triol

A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.


organic magnesium salt

A magnesium salt with C-H bonds


heteroaryl hydroxy compound

Any organic aromatic compound having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a heteroarene ring.


olefin

Acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, apart from the formal ones in aromatic compounds. The class olefins subsumes alkenes and cycloalkenes and the corresponding polyenes.


monocyclic arene

A monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


arene

Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


primary alcohol

A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


polyphenol

Members of the class of phenols that contain 2 or more benzene rings each of which is substituted by at least one hydroxy group.


sodium salt

Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation.


organosulfonate salt

Any organic salt prepared using an organosulfonic acid as the acid component.


A halophenol in which the halogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the C-OH group.


sulfonamide antibiotic

A class of sulfonamides whose members generally have bacteriostatic antibiotic properties.


salt

A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.


cellular bud neck contractile ring

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


alkaloid

Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is  exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.


indole alkaloid

An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


isoquinoline alkaloid

Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.


cinchona alkaloid

An alkaloid based on a cinchonan skeleton.


monoterpenoid indole alkaloid

A terpenoid indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and diisoprenoid (usually secolaganin) building blocks.


hemiterpenoid indole alkaloid

A terpenoid indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and monoisoprenoid (usually dimethylallyl pyrophosphate or isopentenyl pyrophosphate) building blocks


morphinane alkaloid

An  isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


benzylisoquinoline alkaloid

Any isoquinoline alkaloid based on a benzylisoquinoline skeleton.


vinca alkaloid

A group of indole-indoline dimers which are alkaloids obtained from the Vinca genus of plants, together with semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues.


ergoline alkaloid

One of a class of naturally occurring alkaloids with a structure based on that of ergoline.


terpenoid indole alkaloid

An indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and isoprenoid building blocks.


aporphine alkaloid

Any benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that has a structure based on 4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline or its 3-methyl derivative.


anthracycline

Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.


glyoxysomal membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a glyoxysome.


glycosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a glycosome.


mannosome

A specialised tubular organelle, assembled in hexagonal bundles within an external membrane. Mannosomes are specific to molluscs and are thought to be involved in a general stress reaction.


epaxial region somite 20

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The epaxial region of somite 20 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


photoreceptor ribbon synapse

A ribbon synapse between a retinal photoreceptor cell (rod or cone) and a retinal bipolar cell. These contain a plate-like synaptic ribbon.


cochlear hair cell ribbon synapse

A ribbon synpase of an auditory hair cell of the cochlear. These ribbon synapses contain spherical synaptic ribbons and lack and arciform density.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic membrane

The component of the postsynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of presynaptic membrane

The component of the presynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

The component of the presynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic specialization membrane

The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic density membrane

The component of the postsynaptic density membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of presynaptic active zone membrane

The component of the presynaptic active zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of synaptic membrane

The component of the synaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic endocytic zone

The component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body

A subcellular organelle of plant cells surrounded by 'half-unit' or a monolayer membrane instead of the more usual bilayer. The storage body has a droplet of triglyceride surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, interacting with the triglycerides and the hydrophilic head groups facing the cytosol, and containing major protein components called oleosins.


mitochondrial chromosome

A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell.


Z chromosome

The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the Z chromosome are present in each somatic cell of males and one copy is present in females.


ascus lipid droplet

Any particle of coalesced lipids in an ascus or ascospore. May include associated proteins.


chloroplast nucleoid

The region of a chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.


bacterial nucleoid

The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined.


proplastid nucleoid

The region of a proplastid to which the DNA is confined.


active sex chromosome

A sex chromosome that has not been inactivated.


polytene chromosome chromocenter

A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together.


plastid nucleoid

The region of a plastid to which the DNA is confined.


W chromosome

The sex chromosome present in females of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the Z chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The W chromosome is absent from the cells of males and present in one copy in the somatic cells of females.


inactive sex chromosome

A sex chromosome that has been inactivated.


polytene chromosome

A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.


organothiophosphorus compound

An organothiophosphorus compound is an organophosphorus compound which contains a phosphorus-sulfur bond.


thiocarboxylic ester

An ester in which one or both oxygens of an ester group have been replaced by divalent sulfur.


organosulfur compound

An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond.


methanesulfonates

Esters or salts of methanesulfonic acid.


thioureas

Compounds of general formula RR'NC(=S)NR''R'''.


S-glycosyl compound

A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and a S atom bound to a carbon atom, thus creating a C-S bond.


thiocarbonyl compound

Any compound containing the thiocarbonyl group, C=S.


organic sulfide

Compounds having the structure RSR (R =/= H). Such compounds were once called thioethers.


alkanethiol

An alkanethiol is a compound in which a sulfanyl group, -SH, is attached to an alkyl group.


(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine

An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.


aryl sulfide

Any organic sulfide in which the sulfur is attached to at least one aromatic group.


sulfide

Any sulfur molecular entity that involves either covalently bonded or anionic sulfur.


dithioacetal

A thioacetal having the structure R2C(SR')2. The term includes dithioketals (R =/= H, R' =/= H) as a subclass.


4-Chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone

An organosulfur compound having the structure RS(=O)2R (R =/= H).


methyl sulfide

Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.


sulfoxide

An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).


thioacetal

The sulfur analogue of 'acetal'.  The term includes monothioacetals having the structure R2C(OR')(SR') (subclass monothioketals, R =/= H); and dithioacetals having the structure R2C(SR')2 (subclass dithioketals, R =/= H, R' =/= H).


thiol

An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.


thiosugar

A carbohydrate derivative in which one or more of the oxygens or hydroxy groups of the parent carbohydrate is replaced by sulfur or -SR, where R can be hydrogen or any group.


monothioacetal

A thioacetal having the structure R2C(OR')(SR'). The term includes monothioketals, R =/= H, as a subclass.


dithioketal

A dithioacetal of formula R2C(SR')2, R =/= H, R' =/= H.


spleen smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition].


smooth muscle tissue of bronchiole

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition].


respiratory system venous smooth muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel.


outflow tract smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition].


venous system smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition].


vagina smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition].


smooth muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis.


smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition].


muscularis mucosae of fundus of stomach

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach.


muscularis mucosa of fundus of urinary bladder

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a fundus of urinary bladder.


anal region smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition].


iris smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition].


stomach smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition].


inferior tarsal muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a inferior eyelid tarsus.


urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].


respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle

A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


ureter smooth muscle

The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter.


oviduct smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition].


iliac artery smooth muscle tissue

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an iliac artery.


urethra smooth muscle layer

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition].


gizzard smooth muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gizzard.


smooth muscle of esophagus

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition].


smooth muscle tissue of lobular bronchiole

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lobular bronchiole.


epididymis smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a epididymis [Automatically generated definition].


visceral smooth muscle tissue

A smooth muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera).


gastrointestinal system smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].


arteriole smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition].


arrector muscle of hair

A tiny smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle with the dermis.


urinary bladder smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].


arterial system smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition].


perineal body smooth muscle muscle tissue


saphenous vein smooth muscle tissue

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a saphenous vein.


lower respiratory tract smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition].


hepatic duct smooth muscle

Smooth muscle tissue in all or part of a hepatic duct.


esophagogastric junction muscularis mucosa

Muscularis mucosa from the lowest portion of the esophagus, just proximal to the stomach.


main bronchus smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


umbilical smooth muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a umbilical cord.


trachealis

A smooth muscle tissue that bridges the gap between free ends of C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent to the esophagus. A primary function of the trachealis is to constrict the windpipe, allowing for higher velocity of air in the windpipe during coughing[WP, modified].


kidney pelvis smooth muscle

The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the urothelium of the kidney pelvis.


respiratory system smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


metanephric smooth muscle tissue

Any smooth muscle tissue that is part of a metanephros.


anococcygeus muscle

One of a pair of thin sheets of smooth muscle inserting on the rectum, having a tendinous origin largely on sacral vertebrae.


thoracic aorta smooth muscle tissue

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the thoracic aorta.


clitoral smooth muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a clitoris.


enteric circular muscle

Smooth muscle of the enteric muscle system in which the cells are aligned perpendicular to the lumen of the gut.


superior tarsal muscle

The superior tarsal muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid.


smooth muscle of eye

Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi.


urinary bladder neck smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].


alveolar smooth muscle

Alveolar smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of the alveolus.


Any 6-carbon amino monosaccharide with at least one alcoholic hydroxy group replaced by an amino group.


lipopeptide

A compound consisting of a peptide with attached lipid.


Polymyxins

Polymyxins are antibiotics with a general structure consisting of a cyclic peptide with a long hydrophobic tail. They disrupt the structure of the bacterial cell membrane by interacting with its phospholipids. Polymyxins are produced by the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus polymyxa and are selectively toxic for Gram-negative bacteria.


echinocandin

Any one of a family of large lipopeptides that are inhibitors of the enzyme 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, thus damaging fungal cell walls. Echinocandins are fungicidal against most Candida spp and fungistatic against Aspergillus spp.


host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host rough ER has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


amphisome membrane

Any membrane that is part of an amphisome.


extrinsic component of external side of mycolate outer membrane

The component of mycolate membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of mycolate outer membrane

The component of mycolate outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


formamides

Amides with the general formula R(1)R(2)NCHO (R(1) and R(2) can be H).


reproductive structure

Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system.


subdivision of oviduct

A section through the tube or network of tubes that connects the ovaries to the outside of the body.


egg follicle

An individual reproductive unit containing a single oocyte and one or several layers of support cells (Armstrong et al., 2020).


simplex uterus

The simplex uterus has only one uterine chamber (primates).


upper part of vagina

The upper third of the vagina.


fimbria of uterine tube

A fringe of tissue around the ostium of the fallopian tube, in the direction of the ovary.


lateral vaginal canal

One of two lateral tracts connecting a uterus to a common median tract separated from the median vagina via ureters which prevent their fusion. Found in marsupials.


bicornuate uterus

The bicornate uterus is y-shaped but has no internal partition (some ungulates, whales).


bipartite uterus

The bipartite uterus is y-shaped externally and divided internally (ungulates, carnivores).


host multivesicular body

A late endosome in which regions of the limiting host cell endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; host membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the host cytoplasm.


host cell late endosome

A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from host early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Host late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.


pnictogen molecular entity

A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.


oxime

Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.


glycine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glycine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.


peptide

Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.


L-tryptophan derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-tryptophan at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-tryptophan by a heteroatom.


triazene derivative

A nitrogen molecular entity resulting from the formal substitution of one or more of the hydrogens of triazene.


L-tyrosine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-tyrosine by a heteroatom.


Glycopeptide

Any carbohydrate derivative that consists of glycan moieties covalently attached to the side chains of the amino acid residues that constitute the peptide.


amino acid derivative

Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues.


polyamine

Any organic amino compound that contains two or more amino groups.


L-phenylalanine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-phenylalanine  at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-phenylalanine  by a heteroatom.


N-nitrosoureas

A nitroso compound that is any urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group


ammonium compound

Compounds (NH4(+))Y(-) and derivatives, in which one or more of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent groups.


Bleomycin A5

A member of the class of bleomycins that is used in sclerotherapy for cervicofacial lymphatic malformations.


reactive nitrogen species

A family of nitrogen molecular entities which are highly reactive and derived from nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O2.(-)) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively.


vitamin B12

Any member of a group of cobalamin vitamers that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with low red blood cell count and anemia. The vitamers are found in foods such as cereals, meat, fish, and poultry. The vitamers include adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, aquacobalamin, nitritocobalamin and methylcobabalamin (also includes their ionized, salt and phosphate derivatives).


primary amide

A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


oxime O-ether

O-organyl oximes R2C=NOR' (R' =/= H).


acetyl-amino acid

Any amino acid derivative that is the N-acetyl or O-acetyl derivative of an amino acid.


Azo dye

Derivatives of diazene with the general structure R-N=N-R'.


amide

An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


acetamides

Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3.


carbohydrazide

A hydrazide consisting of hydrazine carrying one or more carboacyl groups.


carboxamide

An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.


nucleoside analogue

An analogue of a nucleoside, being an N-glycosyl compound in which the nitrogen-containing moiety is a modified nucleotide base. They are commonly used as antiviral products to prevent viral replication in infected cells.


phosphoramide

A compound in which one or more of the OH groups of phosphoric acid have been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group. The term is commonly confined to the phosphoric triamides, P(=O)(NR2)3, since replacement of one or two OH groups produces phosphoramidic acids: P(=O)(OH)(NR2)2 , P(=O)(OH)2(NR2).


hydrazone

Compounds having the structure R2C=NNR2, formally derived from aldehydes or ketones by replacing =O by =NNH2 (or substituted analogues).


B vitamin

Any member of the group of eight water-soluble vitamins originally thought to be a single compound (vitamin B) that play important roles in cell metabolism. The group comprises of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12 (Around 20 other compounds were once thought to be B vitamins but are no longer classified as such).


homodetic cyclic peptide

A homodetic cyclic peptide is a cyclic peptide in which the ring consists solely of amino-acid residues in peptide linkages.


mixed diacylamine

Any imide in which the acyl substituents are any two from carboacyl, sulfonyl and phosphoryl


vitamin B9

Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.


asparagine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of asparagine at the amino group, the carboxy group, or the carboxamide, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of asparagine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing asparagine residues.


organonitrogen compound

Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


D-tyrosine derivative

A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of D-tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of D-tyrosine by a heteroatom.


N-glycosyl compound

A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a nitrogen atom, thus creating a C-N bond.


nitrogen mustard

Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.


hydrazide

Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH  by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).


phosphonic acids

HP(=O)(OH)2  (phosphonic acid) and its P-substituted derivatives.


organic amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.


amidine

Derivatives of oxoacids RnE(=O)OH in which the hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group and the oxo group is replaced by =NR. In organic chemistry an unspecified amidine is commonly a carboxamidine.


valine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of valine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of valine  by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing valine  residues.


nitroglycerol

A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.


cysteine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues.


amino acid amide

An amide of an amino acid formed formally by conversion of the carboxy group to a carboxamido group.


L-asparagine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-asparagine at the amino group, the carboxy group, or the carboxamide, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-asparagine by a heteroatom.


quaternary nitrogen compound

A nitrogen molecular entity that is electronically neutral but which contains a quaternary nitrogen.


L-valine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-valine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-valine by a heteroatom.


hemiaminal ether

An organic amino compound that is a hemiaminal in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group has been replaced by an organyl group. General formula: R2C(OR')NR2 ( R =/= H ). Also known as alpha-amino ethers.


monoamine

An aralylamino compound which contains one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain. Monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes.


chlormerodrin ((197)Hg)

Chlormerodrin containing the radioactive isotope (197)Hg. It was formerly used as a diagnostic aid in determination of renal function.


oligopeptide

A peptide containing a relatively small number of amino acids.


heterodetic cyclic peptide

A heterodetic cyclic peptide is a peptide consisting only of amino-acid residues, but in which the linkages forming the ring are not solely peptide bonds; one or more is an isopeptide, disulfide, ester, or other bond.


amidoxime

Amidines of general formula RC(=NOH)NR(1)R(2), in which the imino nitrogen is substituted by a hydroxy group.


N-sulfonylcarboxamide

A mixed diacylamine resulting from the formal condensation of the nitrogen of a carboxamide with a sulphonic acid.


L-cysteine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from the formal reaction of L-cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-cysteine by a heteroatom.


nitrate ester

Any member of the class of nitrates resulting from the esterification of nitric acid with an alcohol.


vitamin B3

Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).


phenylureas

Any member of the class of ureas in which at least one of the nitrogens of the urea moiety is substituted by a phenyl or substituted phenyl group.


D-phenylalanine derivative

A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of D-phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of D-phenylalanine by a heteroatom.


tetrapeptide

Any molecule that contains four amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


cyanides

Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.


alanine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of alanine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing alanine residues.


vitamin B7

Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.


L-proline derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-proline  by a heteroatom.


azobenzenes

Any member of the wide class of molecules that share the core azobenzene structure, comprising two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond, which may have different functional groups extending from the rings.


monoamine molecular messenger

A group of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group  (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.


organophosphorus compound

An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters.


chlormerodrin (203Hg)

Chlormerodrin containing the radioactive isotope (203)Hg. It was formerly used as a diagnostic aid in determination of renal function.


proline derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of proline by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing proline residues.


peptide hormone

Any peptide with hormonal activity in animals, whether endocrine, neuroendocrine, or paracrine.


diamine

Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.


glutamic acid derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing glutamic acid residues.


dicarboximide

An imide in which the two acyl substituents on nitrogen are carboacyl groups.


aromatic amine

An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system.


ethylenediamine derivative

Any organic amino compound that is a derivative of  ethylenediamine.


phenylalanine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of phenylalanine  by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing phenylalanine  residues.


nitroso compound

Compounds having the nitroso group, -NO, attached to carbon, or to another element, most commonly nitrogen or oxygen.


hydrazines

Hydrazine (diazane) and its substituted derivatives.


tryptophan derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of tryptophan  at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of tryptophan  by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing tryptophan residues.


C-nitro compound

A nitro compound having the nitro group (-NO2) attached to a carbon atom.


guanidines

Any organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R(1)R(2)N)(R(3)R(4)N)C=N-R(5) and are related structurally to amidines and ureas.


secondary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a primary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1).


tyrosine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, any substitution of phenyl hydrogens, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of tyrosine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing tyrosine residues.


biguanides

A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.


L-serine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-serine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-serine by a heteroatom.


proteinogenic amino acid derivative

Any derivative of a proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, or a side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom.


serine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of serine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of serine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing serine residues.


peptide antibiotic

A chemically diverse class of peptides that exhibit antimicrobial properties.


aromatic amide

An amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.


secondary amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.


anilide

Any aromatic amide obtained by acylation of aniline.


secondary amide

A derivative of two oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which two acyl groups are attached to the amino or substituted amino group.


L-glutamic acid derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-glutamic acid by a heteroatom.


N-acylurea

A member of the class of ureas that has the general formula R-CO-NH-CO-NH2 or R-CO-NH-CO-NH-CO-R', formally derived by the acylation of one or both of the nitrogens of a urea moiety.


non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative

Any derivative of a non-proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group or carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom.


hydroxamic acid ester

A carboxamide that is a hydroxamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is replaced by an organyl group.


aralkylamino compound

An organic amino compound in which an aminoalkyl group is linked to an arene.


actinomycin

A large group of antibiotics isolated from various species of Streptomyces and characterised by having a substituted phenoxazine ring linked to two cyclic heterodetic peptides.


nitro compound

A compound having a nitro group, -NO2 (free valence on nitrogen), which may be attached to carbon, nitrogen (as in nitramines), or oxygen (as in nitrates), among other elements (in the absence of specification, C-nitro compounds are usually implied).


L-alanine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-alanine by a heteroatom.


thiocarboxamide

Any primary amide having its amide oxygen replaced by sulfur.


alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid amide

A monocarboxylic amide of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)NR(4)R(5)  or R(1)C#C-C(=O)NR(2)R(3) in which the amide C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)

Any member of the class of phosphonic acids in which a carbon atom is directly attached to two phosphonic acid groups. They are analogues of pyrophosphates (with the central oxygen atom replaced by a carbon atom) and like pyrophosphates they tend to have a strong affinity for bone, so are frequently used for their antiresorptive and hypocalcaemic properties.


N-acylglutamic acid

A glutamic acid derivative that is glutamic acid in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an acyl group.


histidine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of histidine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of histidine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing alanine residues.


clavus

A rudder-like lobe formed from extensions of dorsal and anal fin rays.


methoxybenzenes

Any aromatic ether that consists of a benzene skeleton substituted with one or more methoxy groups.


dimethoxybenzene

Any methoxybenzene that consists of a benzene skeleton substituted with two methoxy groups and its derivatives.


mammary gland fluid/secretion

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards.


cranial sensory ganglion

The ganglion found on the root of each cranial nerve, containing the cell bodies of afferent (sensory) neurons.


amyloplast inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the amyloplast envelope; also faces the amyloplast stroma.


ester

A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter.


aromatic ester

An ester where the ester linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.


hypaxial region somite 5

The hypaxial region of somite 5 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


carbonates

Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.


biphenyls

Benzenoid aromatic compounds containing two phenyl or substituted-phenyl groups which are joined together by a single bond.


benzenes

Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


toluenes

Any member of the class of benzenes that is a substituted benzene in which the substituents include one (and only one) methyl group.


acenes

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.


carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives

Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation.


monosaccharide

Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group.


Kombetin

A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, RS-, RSe-, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively.


oligosaccharide derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from an oligosaccharide.


amino monosaccharide

Any  amino sugar that is a monosaccharide in which one alcoholic hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group.


oligosaccharide

A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues.


D-glucoside

Any glucoside in which the glycoside group is derived from D-glucose.


carbohydrate

Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.


glycosyl compound

A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity.


beta-D-glucoside

Any D-glucoside in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


disaccharide derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a disaccharide.


saponin

A glycoside that is a compound containing one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpenoid or steroid derivative. Found in particular abundance in plant species.


beta-D-Glucosamine

A 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose that is D-glucosamine having a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


tetrasaccharide derivative

An oligosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a tetrasaccharide.


carbohydrate-containing antibiotic

Any carbohydrate derivative that exhibits antibiotic activity.


glucosamines

Any  hexosamine that is glucose in which at least one of the hydroxy groups has been replaced by an amino group.


alditol derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from an alditol.


beta-glucoside

A glucoside in which the anomeric carbon of the glycosidic bond is in a beta configuration


pentasaccharide derivative

An oligosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentasaccharide.


amino sugar

Any sugar having one or more alcoholic hydroxy groups replaced by substituted or unsubstituted amino groups.


hexitol derivative

An alditol derivative that is formally obtained from a hexitol.


alpha-GLUCOSAMINE, D-

A 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


glycan

Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001.


C-glycosyl compound

A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a carbon atom, thus creating a C-C bond.


carbohydrate derivative

Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds.


The open-chain form of D-glucosamine.


glycosyloxyflavone

A member of the class of flavones having one or more glycosyl residues attached at unspecified positions.


glucitol derivative

A hexitol derivative that is formally obtained from a glucitol.


D-glucosamine

An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.


decussation of diencephalon

A neural decussation that is part of a diencephalon.


olefinic compound

Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond.


enyne

An  acetylenic and an olefinic  compound containing a carbon chain that contains a carbon-carbon double bond and a carbon-carbon triple bond.


distal epiphysis of humerus

A distal epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of humerus

An epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of humerus

The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles.


phenylpropanoid

Any organic aromatic compound with a structure based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes naturally occurring phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules as well as their semi-synthetic and synthetic analogues. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.


lignan

Any phenylpropanoid  derived from phenylalanine via dimerization of substituted cinnamic alcohols, known as monolignols, to a dibenzylbutane skeleton. Note that while individual members of the class have names ending ...lignane, ...lignene, ...lignadiene, etc., the class names lignan, neolignan, etc., do not end with an "e".


host cell PML body

A nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia) located within a cell of a host organism.


ganglion of peripheral nervous system

A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO).


host cell centrosome

A structure in a host cell comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.


stereocilia tip link

A stereocilia link that is formed by a fine filament running more or less vertically upward from the tip of each shorter stereocilium to attach at a higher point on its adjacent taller neighbor. Tilting the bundle puts tension on the filaments, which pull on mechanically gated ion channels in the membrane of the stereocilia.


ventriculo bulbo valve

A heart valve located between the ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.


thorny excrescence

Large complex spine protruding from a dendrite. Each excrescence is formed by a cluster of spine heads.


postsynapse of neuromuscular junction

The postsynapse of a neuromuscular junction. In vertebrate muscles this includes the motor end-plate, consisting of postjunctional folds of the sarcolemma.


dinoflagellate sulcus

A cell surface furrow that occurs on the ventral side of a dinoflagellate cell. It partially houses the longitudinal flagellum. The sulcus intersects with the cingulum on the ventral side of a dinoflagellate cell.


dinoflagellate cingulum

A cell surface furrow that wraps around a dinoflagellate cell; the transverse flagellum lies in it.


dinoflagellate sulcal notch

A dinoflagellate sulcus that extends all the way to the posterior end of the cell (also known as antapex). The presence of a sulcal notch makes the dinoflagellate hypocone appear bilobed.


dinoflagellate apical groove

A cell surface furrow (or groove) found on a dinoflagellate apex. It typically loops around the apex.


glandular system

A non-connected functional system that is composed primarily of a gland.


host cell filopodium

Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile host cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward.


host cell projection

A prolongation or process extending from a host cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


host cell uropod

A host cell membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively.


post-anaphase array microtubule end

Any microtubule end that is part of a post-anaphase array microtubule.


mitotic spindle astral microtubule end

Any microtubule end that is part of a mitotic spindle astral microtubule.


cytoplasmic microtubule minus-end

A microtubule minus end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule.


endoplasmic reticulum

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).


interphase microtubule organizing center

A microtubule organizing center found in interphase cells, which organize a longitudinal array of three to five MT bundles from the nuclear envelope during interphase. Each MT bundle is composed of two to seven MTs arranged in an antiparallel configuration, with the dynamic MT plus ends extending toward the cell tips and stable minus ends near the nucleus.


cranial nerve nucleus

Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves.


host chromosome

A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information, occurring within a host cell.


host cell nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle as it is found in the host cell in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell synaptic vesicle

A secretory organelle of a host cell, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.


Maurer's cleft

A disk-like structure that appears at the periphery of a red blood cell infected by an apicomplexan parasite, characterized by a translucent lumen and an electron-dense coat of variable thickness; often appears to be tethered to the host cell membrane by fibrous connections with the erythrocyte cytoskeleton.


viral replication complex

Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in replicating the viral genome.


host cell nucleolus

A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic host cells.


host cell mitochondrial intermembrane space

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.


host cell plastid

Any member of a family of organelles as found in the cytoplasm of host cells, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell nucleoplasm

That part of a host cell's nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host symbiosome

A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of the endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and an outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane) derived from the host cell.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.


host cell synaptic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host synaptic vesicle.


host cell nuclear lamina

The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a host cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments.


host cell peroxisome

A small host cell organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.


host cell endosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endosome.


host cell mitochondrion

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle as found in host cells that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cell cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm

The host cell cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the host nucleus.


host thylakoid membrane

The pigmented membrane of any host thylakoid.


host cell cytoplasmic vesicle

A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a host cell.


host cell lysosome

A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most host animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and host cell lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


host cell nuclear part

Any constituent part of a host cell's nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell lipid droplet

Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a host cell. May include associated proteins.


host cell Cajal body

A class of nuclear body in the eukaryotic host cell, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host smooth ER has no ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


host cell mitochondrial envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host cell mitochondrion and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


symbiont-containing vacuole

Membrane-bounded vacuole within a host cell in which a symbiont organism resides. The vacuole membrane is derived from both the host and symbiont.


host cytoskeleton

A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.


host cell cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell cytoplasmic vesicle.


host cell endosome

A membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to host cell lysosomes for degradation.


host cell nuclear matrix

The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the host nuclear membrane.


double membrane vesicle viral factory lumen

The volume surrounded by the inner membrane of a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).


host cell cytosol

The part of the host cell cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.


host cell viral nucleoid

The region of a host cell that contains the viral genome.


host thylakoid

A membranous cellular structure within the host cell that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the host plasma membrane. In eukaryotic host cells they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.


hypaxial region somite 29

The hypaxial region of somite 29 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


muscularis orbicularis

A fringe of muscle running along the periphery of the panniculus.


epaxial region somite 13

The epaxial region of somite 13 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 21

The epaxial region of somite 21 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 4

The epaxial region of somite 4 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 12

The hypaxial region of somite 12 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 9

The epaxial region of somite 9 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 4

The hypaxial region of somite 4 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 1

The hypaxial region of somite 1 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 27

The hypaxial region of somite 27 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 22

The epaxial region of somite 22 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial myotome region

Portion of myotome that is ventral to the horizontal septum.


skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition].


urethra skeletal muscle tissue

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 19

The hypaxial region of somite 19 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 22

The hypaxial region of somite 22 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 20

The hypaxial region of somite 20 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle tissue of right auricle

A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium auricular region.


skeletal muscle tissue of digastric

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a digastric [Automatically generated definition].


pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle


cardiac muscle tissue of atrium

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition].


visceral striated muscle tissue

A striated muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera).


epaxial region somite 5

The epaxial region of somite 5 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 16

The hypaxial region of somite 16 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 13

The hypaxial region of somite 13 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 9

The hypaxial region of somite 9 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


lip skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 25

The hypaxial region of somite 25 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of orbicularis oculi

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a orbicularis oculi [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of internal intercostal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a internal intercostal muscle [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of eye

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Automatically generated definition].


Bachmann's bundle

The impulse conduction tract that originates in the sinoatrial node and transmits signal to the left atrium.


epaxial region somite 18

The epaxial region of somite 18 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 19

The epaxial region of somite 19 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 11

The epaxial region of somite 11 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 21

The hypaxial region of somite 21 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 1

The epaxial region of somite 1 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiac muscle of auricular region

A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a atrium auricular region.


conducting system of heart

The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO].


epaxial region somite 7

The epaxial region of somite 7 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 26

The epaxial region of somite 26 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 14

The epaxial region of somite 14 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


conducting tissue of heart

Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers.


skeletal muscle tissue of temporalis

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a temporalis [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 26

The hypaxial region of somite 26 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


erector muscle

Muscle that moves parts of the body in a superior direction to an erect position. Antagonistic to depressor muscle.


hypaxial region somite 10

The hypaxial region of somite 10 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 3

The hypaxial region of somite 3 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of supraspinatus

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a supraspinatus [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a biceps brachii [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 30

The hypaxial region of somite 30 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 14

The hypaxial region of somite 14 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


peripheral cardiac conduction system

Portion of the cardiac conduction system, with rapid impulse propagation.


skeletal muscle tissue of levator palpebrae superioris

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a levator palpebrae superioris [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of iliacus

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a iliacus [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 15

The epaxial region of somite 15 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


anal region skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition].


musculotendinous bundle

A collection of muscle and tendinous tissue.


central cardiac conduction system

Cardiac conduction system, characterized by slow impulse propagation and prolonged refractory periods.


internodal tract

A conducting pathway in the conducting tissue of heart through which electrical activity spreads from the SA node to the AV node.


skeletal muscle tissue of gluteus maximus

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a gluteus maximus [Automatically generated definition].


pulmonary myocardium

The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.


epaxial region somite 23

The epaxial region of somite 23 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of trunk

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue in the trunk.


epaxial region somite 6

The epaxial region of somite 6 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 18

The hypaxial region of somite 18 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiac muscle of right atrium

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition].


anterior internodal tract

Internodal tract which consists of the atrial and atrial septal branches.


esophagus skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition].


visceral obliquely striated muscle tissue

A striated visceral muscle tissue that has an oblique striation.


epaxial region somite 3

The epaxial region of somite 3 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a rectus abdominis [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 27

The epaxial region of somite 27 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 10

The epaxial region of somite 10 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of mylohyoid

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mylohyoid [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 30

The epaxial region of somite 30 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 8

The hypaxial region of somite 8 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 17

The hypaxial region of somite 17 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of transversus thoracis

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a transversus thoracis [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 7

The hypaxial region of somite 7 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 15

The hypaxial region of somite 15 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 6

The hypaxial region of somite 6 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 24

The hypaxial region of somite 24 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 2

The epaxial region of somite 2 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle fiber triad

The skeletal muscle fiber structure comprised of the transverse tubule and the two associated terminal cisternae; each fiber normally has thousands of triads.


epaxial region somite 16

The epaxial region of somite 16 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of teres major

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a teres major [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 8

The epaxial region of somite 8 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 25

The epaxial region of somite 25 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


respiratory system skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of quadriceps femoris

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a quadriceps femoris [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial myotome region

Portion of myotome that is dorsal to the horizontal septum.


cardiac muscle tissue

Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified].


postsynaptic specialization membrane

The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


postsynaptic specialization membrane of symmetric synapse

The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization of a symmetic synapse. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


postsynaptic density membrane

The membrane component of the postsynaptic density. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


type Ib terminal bouton

Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary for the tonic release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. Type Ib terminal boutons are larger than type Is terminal boutons.


basal distal dendrite

Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the basal pole of a neuron (e.g. in bipolar neurons, basal dendrites are either on the same side of the soma as the axon, or project toward the axon), and which is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).


hyphal tip

The end, or tip, of a fungal hypha, where polarized growth occurs during hyphal elongation.


photoreceptor array

An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye.


acetylenic compound

Any organic molecule containing a C#C bond.


terminal acetylenic compound

An acetylenic compound which a carbon of the C#C moiety is attached to a hydrogen atom.


S bouton

Synaptic bouton found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. S boutons range in diameter from 0.5 to 8 um and contain spherical synaptic vesicles.


subrhabdomeral cisterna

A membrane-bounded compartment that is found at the base of the rhabdomere and contains stored calcium, InsP3 receptors and smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.


pseudopodium membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a pseudopodium.


caveola neck

A membrane microdomain that forms a necklace around the bulb (crater) of a caveola. Intramembrane particles are concentrated in this region and cytoskeletal components, including actin, are highly enriched in the area underlying it.


eisosome membrane domain/MCC

A plasma membrane part that is composed of a furrow-like plasma membrane domain and associated integral transmembrane proteins.


tetracyclines

A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.


host peribacteroid membrane

A host-derived membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).


platelet glycocalyx

The carbohydrate rich layer at the outermost periphery of a platelet.


antibiotic fungicide

Any antibiotic antifungal agent that has been used as a fungicide.


transition element molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element.


organomercury compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-mercury bond.


d-block molecular entity

A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element.


f-block molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an f-block element.


phagocytic vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a phagocytic vesicle.


clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.


early phagosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an eary phagosome.


host cell surface

The external part of the host cell wall and/or host plasma membrane.


diaphysis of fibula

A diaphysis that is part of a fibula[Automatically generated definition].


host apoplast

The apoplast region surrounding a host plant cell. Plants may be described as having two major compartments: the living symplast and the non-living apoplast. The apoplast is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, intercellular spaces and the lumen of dead structures such as xylem vessels. Water and solutes pass freely through it. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition].


anatomical collection

A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin.


organic molecular entity

Any molecular entity that contains carbon.


one-carbon compound

An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).


ether

An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.


organic molecule

Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.


diether

A polyether in which the number of ether linkages is 2.


monomethoxyflavone

Any methoxyflavone with a single methoxy substituent.


organometallic compound

A compound having bonds between one or more metal atoms and one or more carbon atoms of an organyl group.


semisynthetic derivative

Any organic molecular entity derived from a natural product by partial chemical synthesis.


anthoxanthin

are a type of flavonoid pigments in plants. Anthoxanthins are water-soluble pigments which range in color from white or colorless to a creamy to yellow, often on petals of flowers.


cyclopropanes

Cyclopropane and its derivatives formed by substitution.


benzyl ether

A compound of formula PhCH2OR (R =/= H).


statin (naturally occurring)

Any statin that occurs in nature. The class includes compactin (also known as mevastatin), isolated from a fermentation broth of Penicillium citrinum, and lovastatin, isolated from Aspergillus terreus.


antibiotic antifungal agent

Heteroorganic entities that are microbial metabolites (or compounds derived from them) which have significant antifungal properties.


methoxyflavone

Any member of the class of flavones with at least one methoxy substituent.


heteroorganic entity

A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.


lipid

'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.


acetal

An organooxygen compound having the structure RR'C(OR'')(OR''') (R'', R''' =/= H). Mixed acetals have R'' and R''' groups which differ.


bridged diphenyl antifungal agent

Any organic aromatic compound containing two phenyl (or substituted phenyl) groups attached to a single carbon or heteroatom and which has significant antifungal properties.


poly(ethylene glycol) derivative

A polyether that is any poly(ethylene glycol) in which one or both of the terminal hydroxy groups has been substituted or undergone modification.


aromatic ether

Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.


flavones

A member of the class of flavonoid with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-arylchromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


polyether

Any ether that contains more than one ether linkage.


carbocyclic compound

A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.


statin (synthetic)

A statin which does not occur naturally and which is not obtained by chemical transformation of a naturally occurring statin.


flavonoid

Any member of the 'superclass' flavonoids whose skeleton is based on 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 2. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


tetracenomycin

A polyketide based on a tetracene ring structure.


bridged diphenyl fungicide

Any organic aromatic compound containing two phenyl (or substituted phenyl) groups attached to a single carbon or heteroatom and which has been used as a fungicide.


ketal

An acetal of formula R2C(OR)2 (R =/= H) derived from a ketone by replacement of the oxo group by two hydrocarbyloxy groups. The class name 'ketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of acetals.


organic cyclic compound

Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.


zwitterion

A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer).


organochalcogen compound

An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.


organooxygen compound

An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.


amino acid zwitterion

The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.


polyketide

Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides.


organic acid

Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.


dipolar compound

An  organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case.


fatty acid derivative

Any organic molecular entity derived from a fatty acid.


organic cation

Any organic ion with a net positive charge.


biaryl

An organic aromatic compound whose structure contains two aromatic rings or ring systems, joined to each other by a single bond.


antibiotic antifungal drug

Any antibiotic antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections in humans or animals.


An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of tryptophan; major species at pH 7.3.


statin

Any organooxygen compound whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.


flavonoids

Any organic molecular entity whose stucture is based on derivatives of a phenyl-substituted 1-phenylpropane possessing a C15 or C16 skeleton, or such a structure which is condensed with a C6-C3 lignan precursors. The term is a 'superclass' comprising all members of the classes of flavonoid, isoflavonoid, neoflavonoid, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, aurones, pterocarpan, coumestans, rotenoid, flavonolignan, homoflavonoid and flavonoid oligomers. Originally restricted to natural products, the term is also applied to synthetic compounds related to them.


left ventral basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left ventral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


acellular membrane

An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure.


epiphysis of phalanx of manus

An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a manus [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 2

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 2 phalanx [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 2

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit


proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 2

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 3

A distal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3.


distal epiphysis of phalanx of manus

A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 5

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 5 phalanx [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 5

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manus

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 1

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 1 phalanx [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of middle phalanx of manus

An epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manus.


proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 1

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 4

A distal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4.


proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manus

An epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manus.


proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 5

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1

A distal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1.


proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 2

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of distal phalanx of manus

An epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manus.


F bouton

Synaptic bouton found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. F boutons range in diameter from 0.5 to 7 um and contain flattened or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles.


extracellular region

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.


host cell synapse

The junction between a nerve fiber of one host neuron and another host neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication.


right atrium valve

A valve that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition].


semi-lunar valve

The valves that gate the flow of blood from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.


atrioventricular valve

A cardial valve in the atrioventricular region that separates the atrium from the ventricle and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole.


coronary sinus valve

Vestigial cardiac valve which is continuous with the valve of the inferior vena cava[FMA].


proximal epiphysis of ulna

The head of ulna presents an articular surface, part of which, of an oval or semilunar form, is directed downward, and articulates with the upper surface of the triangular articular disk which separates it from the wrist-joint; the remaining portion, directed lateralward, is narrow, convex, and received into the ulnar notch of the radius.


dorsal ramus of spinal nerve

Branch of spinal nerve that innervates the epaxial muscles.


shoulder nerve

A nerve that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition].


organ part

A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ.


proximal epiphysis of phalanx

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of radius

An epiphysis that is part of a radius [Automatically generated definition].


diaphysis of metatarsal bone

A diaphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone.


outflow tract myocardium

A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of ulna

A distal epiphysis that is part of a ulna [Automatically generated definition].


heart layer

The laminar structure of the heart.