positive regulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of aldosterone secretion

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.


cholangiocarcinoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic biliary tree (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) or from the junction, or adjacent to the junction, of the right and left hepatic ducts (hilar cholangiocarcinoma). Grossly, the malignant lesions are solid, nodular, and grayish. Morphologically, the vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas. Signs and symptoms include malaise, weight loss, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and night sweats. Early detection is difficult and the prognosis is generally poor.


regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export across the plasma membrane.


Blood testosterone increased

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activator activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in gastrula mediolateral intercalation

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributing to the interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpG substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + CpG (in DNA) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-MeCpG (in DNA).


uterine corpus sarcoma

A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the wall of the uterine corpus (uterine body). The most representative examples are leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma.


regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.


ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribosomal protein S6 + ATP = ribosomal protein S6 phosphate + ATP.


Cardioactive drug level above therapeutic


Screaming

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Reticulocytopenia

A reduced number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood.


juxtaglomerular apparatus

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named for its proximity to the glomerulus: it is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells (also known as granular cells)[WP].


sulfate adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group from an adenosine nucleotide (ATP or ADP) to sulfate, forming adenylylsulfate.


glycolipid transport

The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Abnormal electroretinogram

Any abnormality of the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina as measured by electroretinography.


Organizing pneumonia

Organizing pneumonia manifests as a histologic pattern characterized by loose plugs of connective tissue in the airspaces and distal airways. Interstitial inflammation and fibrosis are minimal or absent. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, or COP, is a distinctive clinical disorder among the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, but the histologic pattern of organizing pneumonia is encountered in many different situations, including pulmonary infection, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and collagen vascular diseases. Airspace consolidation is the cardinal feature of organizing pneumonia on chest radiographs and CT scans. In COP, the distribution is typically subpleural and basal and sometimes bronchocentric. Other manifestations of organizing pneumonia include groundglass opacity, tree-in-bud pattern, and nodular opacities.


negative regulation of adiponectin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.


regulation of iron ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


tear secretion

The regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the eyes. Tear fluid contains water, mucin, lipids, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, lacritin, immunoglobulins, glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium.


hypoxanthine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


calcium metabolic disease

Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.


type III intermediate filament

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A type of intermediate filament, typically made up of one or more of the proteins vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Unlike the keratins, the type III proteins can form both homo- and heteropolymeric IF filaments.


messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex containing both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.


RNA repair

Any process that results in the repair of damaged RNA.


bowel dysfunction

Any disease in which the causes of the disease is a perturbation of the lower digestive tract leading to its dysfunction.


MHC class II protein binding

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class II molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


frozen shoulder

A painful inflammatory process leads to a mechanical block in active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder is characterized by functional loss of passive and active shoulder motion. This inflammatory process results in fibroblastic proliferation and extensive scar tissue formation. Fibroblastic proliferation, a late phase of the inflammatory process involved in tissue repair, leads to thickening, fibrosis, and adhesion of the capsule to itself and the humerus.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type II

A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) via endosomes. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Vps38 and Vps15p.


eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

The addition of a phosphate group on to the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.


regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


heme oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme.


regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry in the lateral mesoderm.


rectal carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.


biliary atresia

A rare, biliary tract disease characterized by progressive obliterative cholangiopathy of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, occuring in the embryonic/ perinatal period, leading to severe and persistent neonatal jaundice and acholic stool.


Early satiety

The condition of being unable to eat a full meal because of a feeling of fullness (satiety), or or feeling very full after eating only a small amount of food.


positive regulation of protein kinase C activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.


bile acid receptor activity

Combining with a bile acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. A bile acid is any member of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


Progesterone measurement

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


negative regulation of eosinophil migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.


establishment of centrosome localization

The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location.


ST-elevation myocardial infarction

A very serious type of heart attack during which one of the heart’s major arteries (one of the arteries that supplies oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the heart muscle) is blocked. ST-segment elevation is an abnormality detected on the 12-lead ECG.


viral meningitis

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord due to a viral infection.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate.


Pulmonary thromboembolism

Pulmonary embolism is caused by emboli, which have originated from venous thrombi, travelling to and occluding the arteries of the lung.


cellular response to leucine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.


hyaluranon cable

A cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.


acetylcholine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


Golgi calcium ion transport

The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus.


chorioretinitis

Inflammation of the distal posterior uveal tract (choroid) and its structural and vascular attachments to the retina. It is usually caused by infection and though rare, it is clinically significant due to its most serious sequela: loss of vision.


regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


optic disc

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point. This causes a break in the visual field called 'the blind spot' or the 'physiological blind spot'. The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neurons from the eye towards the brain. [WP,unvetted].


cellular response to interleukin-18

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.


Anophthalmia

Absence of the globe or eyeball.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in cerebellar granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells.


hedgehog family protein binding

Binding to a member of the hedgehog protein family, signaling proteins involved in development.


checkpoint clamp complex

Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.


chitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins.


regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.


pronephros morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephros are generated and organized. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


reticuloendotheliosis, X-linked

A greater than normal number of blood cells in the reticuloendothelial system.


renal outer medulla development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla.


regulation of renal output by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin directly modulates the rate of urine output by the kidney.


Pressure of speech

Abnormal increased rate and amount of speech, delivered with urgency.


branch elongation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch.


A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate. Contains two alpha subunits that contribute to most parts of the catalytic sites, and two beta subunits that are identical to protein-disulfide isomerase.


Disorder of vocal cord

A disorder affecting the vocal cords. Representative examples include vocal cord nodules, polyps, leukoplakia, dysplasia, and paralysis.


tripeptidyl-peptidase activity

Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide.


Bone lesion

A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of bone.


heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + heparan sulfate = UDP + (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-heparan sulfate.


mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.


D3 dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a D3 dopamine receptor.


mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


Helicobacter pylori infectious disease

Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.


female courtship behavior

The behavior of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.


positive regulation of ovarian follicle development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.


Early menarche

Occurrence of the first menstrual period in a female before the usual or expected age.


regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.


Free thyroxine concentration decreased below normal


carotid artery thrombosis

Blood clot formation in any part of the carotid arteries. This may produce carotid stenosis or occlusion of the vessel, leading to transient ischemic attack; cerebral infarction; or amaurosis fugax.


behavioral response to chemical pain

Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a chemical pain stimulus.


Motor tics

Movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups.


pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis

The presence of gas within the wall of the large or small intestine.


response to biotin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


4-hydroxyproline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.


Vaginal Cyst

A cyst located in the vagina.


splenic infarction

Insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply to the spleen due to emboli, thrombi, vascular torsion, or pressure that produces a macroscopic area of necrosis. (From Stedman, 25th ed)


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan.


Catalysis of the reaction: RS-CH2-CH(NH3+)COO- = RSH + NH3 + pyruvate.


penile erection

The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


ribosylnicotinamide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-ribosylnicotinamide + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + nicotinamide mononucleotide.


negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.


negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated autophagy.


generation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step

Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing.


dUMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).


Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder associated with the complete or partial absence of an X chromosome.


T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm.


cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


Scintillating scotoma

A scintillating scotoma is a common visual aura that can preced a migraine, whereby a spot of flickering light near the center of the visual fields occurs. The spot prevents vision, and is thus termed scotoma. The scotoma can extend into one or more shimmering arcs of white or colored flashing lights.


phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


free ubiquitin chain polymerization

The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein.


positive regulation of cellular respiration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.


box H/ACA snoRNA binding

Binding to a box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA.


regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-transcriptional gene silencing by a non-coding RNA.


macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

Combining with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


Exencephaly

A malformation of the neural tube with a large amount of protruding brain tissue and absence of calvarium.


acquired keratosis

Focal or diffuse thickening of the skin not inherited as a primary genetic disorder. Causes include inflammatory skin disorders, infectious disorders, lymphedema, and medications.


positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


Phantom pain

Painful sensation related to a limb or an organ that is removed from or is not physically part of the body.


BK virus infection

An infection caused by the BK virus. It usually causes an asymptomatic infection, except in immunocompromised individuals where it may cause nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis.


posterior midgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development

The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.


positive regulation of heart induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.


pancreatic PP cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


Puerperal sepsis

A sustained temperature of 38C (100.4F) or greater beyond the first 24 hours following birth, or a temperature of 39C (102.2F) within the first 24 hours following birth. (adapted from ACOG)


presbyopia

The normal decreasing elasticity of the crystalline lens that leads to loss of accommodation.


nucleoside monophosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside monophosphate = ADP + nucleoside diphosphate.


Oesophageal atresia (OA) encompasses a group of congenital anomalies with an interruption in the continuity of the esophagus, with or without persistent communication with the trachea.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppRm-RNA. R may be guanosine or adenosine.


strabismus

Strabismus is the intermittent or constant misalignment of an eye so that its line of vision is not pointed at the same object as the other eye. Strabismus is caused by an imbalance in the extraocular muscles which control the positioning of the eyes. Strabismus is normal in newborns but should resolve by the time the baby is 6 months old. In older children with strabismus, the brain may learn to ignore the input from one eye, and this may lead to amblyopia, a potentially permanent decrease in vision in that eye if not corrected.


Kit signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


tertiary granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a tertiary granule.


Hemorrhage of kidney

Bleeding originating from the kidney.


vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.


rotator cuff syndrome

Tear of one or more of the tendons of the four rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder. A rotator cuff 'injury' can include any type of irritation or overuse of those muscles or tendons, and is among the most common conditions affecting the shoulder.


liver lymphoma

A rare lymphoma that arises from the liver and the bulk of the tumor is located in the liver. The most frequent types of lymphoma that arise from the liver are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.


stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


cellular response to temperature stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


hypoxanthine salvage

Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


histone H3-K9 dimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.


ERK5 cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.


somatostatin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


rickets

Bone softening and weakening usually caused by deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D. Deficiency of calcium, magnesium, or phosphorus may also cause rickets. It predominantly affects children who suffer from severe malnutrition. It manifests with bone pain, fractures, muscle weakness, and skeletal deformities.


Alcoholic Intoxication

Disturbances in psychophysiological functions and responses as a result of  consumption of a beverage containing ethanol.


regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.


pronephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


iron ion transmembrane transport

A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


titin Z domain binding

Binding to a titin Z protein domain, which recognizes and binds to the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of alpha-actinin-2 (Act-EF34), adopts a helical structure, and binds in a groove formed by the two planes between the helix pairs of Act-EF34.


phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor).


DNA ligase IV complex

A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


histone H2A-K119 monoubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group to lysine-119 (H2A- K119) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms.


trigeminal nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by nitric oxide (NO) activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase activity, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell following activation by cGMP.


ATPase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces an ATP hydrolysis activity.


Cystic acne

A severe type of acne characterized by the formation of cysts enclosing a mixture of keratin and sebum.


phagolysosome

A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by maturation of an early phagosome following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; during maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes.


male genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized.


Myb complex

A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression.


positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly. Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.


squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.


adenylylsulfate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylsulfate = ADP + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis as a result of signals being generated by the mesenchyme and received and interpreted by the salivary gland epithelium.


sphingomyelin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.


retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of retinoic acid to 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid.


negative regulation of integrin activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.


D-amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


interferon-alpha production

The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


retinal bipolar neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina.


Placenta, Retained

After delivery of neonate, placental retention that requires clinical intervention such as manual extraction, curettage or uterotonic medications.


Facial telangiectasia

Telangiectases (small dilated blood vessels) located near the surface of the skin of the face.


detection of peptidoglycan

The series of events in which a peptidoglycan stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


positive regulation of DNA catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.


glutamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


epidural abscess

Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial epidural space. The majority of epidural abscesses occur in the spinal canal and are associated with osteomyelitis of a vertebral body; analgesia, epidural; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include local and radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, urinary incontinence, and fecal incontinence. Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with osteomyelitis of a cranial bone, sinusitis, or otitis media. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p710 and pp1240-1; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):209-12)


sequestering of TGFbeta in extracellular matrix

Confining TGFbeta to the extracellular matrix (ECM) such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. TGFbeta is secreted as part of a latent complex that is targeted to the extracellular matrix through latent-TGFbeta-binding protein (LTBP)-mediated association with matrix proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol = NADPH + catechol.


negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.


deoxyribonuclease I activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 5'-phosphodinucleotide and 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.


mitochondrial depolarization

The process in which the potential difference across the mitochondrial membrane is reduced from its steady state level.


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell from one place to another.


regulation of glutamine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the first glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


positive regulation of microtubule plus-end binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.


stress response to metal ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a metal ion stimulus.


thymidylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine 5'-phosphate = ADP + thymidine 5'-diphosphate.


nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


negative regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.


deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


Carotid pulse

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


indole-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.


Abnormal Blood Antidiuretic Hormone

A laboratory test result which indicates abnormal levels of antidiuretic hormone in the blood.


peptidyl-tyrosine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine.


Diastolic dysfunction

Impairment in the filling of the ventricles during diastole. Causes include hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, chronic high blood pressure, aortic stenosis, and aging.


juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the term used to describe a group of inflammatory articular disorders of unknown cause that begin before the age of 16 and last over 6 weeks. The term juvenile idiopathic arthritis was chosen to signify the absence of any known mechanism underlying the disorder and to highlight the necessity of excluding other types of arthritis occurring in well defined diseases (in particular arthritis occurring in association with infectious, inflammatory and haematooncologic diseases).


tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.


peptidyl-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


oxidized purine DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized purine residue.


liver abscess (disease)

An abscess that involves the liver.


acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.


oligopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in an oligopeptide, i.e. a molecule containing a small number (2 to 20) of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.


modulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Prostatic Infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the prostate gland.


eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 complex

A multisubunit nucleotide exchange complex that binds GTP and aminoacyl-tRNAs, and catalyzes their codon-dependent placement at the A-site of the ribosome. In humans, the complex is composed of four subunits, alpha, beta, delta and gamma.


anaplastic astrocytoma

Anaplastic astrocytoma is a rare, high-grade, malignant glial tumor, histologically characterized by abundance of pleomorphic astrocytes and multiple mitotic figures, often associated with diffuse infiltration of the surrounding tissue, considerable edema and mass effect and involvement of the contralateral brain. Depending on the primary localization of the tumor, patients can present with signs of raised intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, papilledema), seizures, progressive neurological deficits, and/or behavioral changes. The tumor is most commonly localized in the frontal and temporal lobes, brain stem and spinal cord.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.


fibroepithelial polyp of the anus

A non-neoplastic polypoid lesion that arises from the anal canal or perianal skin. It is composed of dense fibrous stroma and it is covered by squamous epithelium.


Neonatal hypotonia

Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.


fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane

Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm.


cap mRNA methylation

Methylation of the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of a 5'-capped mRNA.


essential thrombocythemia

A chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm that involves primarily the megakaryocytic lineage. It is characterized by sustained thrombocytosis in the blood, increased numbers of large, mature megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and episodes of thrombosis and/or hemorrhage. (WHO, 2008)


regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


negative regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


calcium ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of calcium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.


nephrosclerosis

Hardening of the kidney due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (fibrosis), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic hypertension. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ischemia.


coenzyme A transport

The directed movement of coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


6-phosphogluconolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + H+.


alcohol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.


positive regulation of monocyte extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.


Hand paresthesia

Tingling (often refered to as a pins and needles feeling) and numbness in the hand.


box H/ACA telomerase RNP complex

A box H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the RNA component of vertebrate telomerase, the enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. This ribonucleoprotein complex is a structural box H/ACA RNP, which does not have the catalytic pseudouridylation function shared by the majority of H/ACA RNPs present in the cell.


pyrimidine-containing compound salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


Abnormal bone formation

A finding referring to deviation from or interruption of normal development of the bones.


dGTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.


Free prostate-specific antigen increased


The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).


regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine-triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine phosphate (8-oxo-dGMP) + diphosphate. 8-oxo-dGTP is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for DNA synthesis causing transversion mutations. 8-oxo-dGTPase hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to its monophosphate form to prevent the misincorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP into cellular DNA.


positive regulation of GTP binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.


melatonin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


cytolysis by symbiont of host cells

The killing by an organism of a cell in its host organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


sister chromatid biorientation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.


male reproductive system disorder

A disease involving the male reproductive system.


aspartate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination

A histone ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.


alpha-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids.


positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


cGMP-inhibited cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is decreased in the presence of cGMP.


interleukin-3 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-3 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Dialysis dementia

A severe, often fatal encephalopathy which has been attributed to accumulation in the brain of aluminum from dialysate prepared with inadequately purified water.


axonemal central apparatus

Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the pair of two single central microtubules and their associated structures which include the central pair projections, the central pair bridges linking the two tubules, and the central pair caps which are attached to the distal or plus ends of the microtubules.


coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H+ + O2 = 2 CO2 + 2 H2O + protoporphyrinogen IX.


detection of muscle stretch

The series of events by which a muscle stretch stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.


establishment of body hair planar orientation

Orientation of body hairs, projections from the surface of an organism, such that the hairs all point in a uniform direction along the surface.


sympathetic neuron projection extension

Long distance growth of a single sympathetic neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


t-circle formation

A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of a telomeric circle, or t-circle. A t-circle is an extrachromosomal duplex or single-stranded circular DNA molecule composed of t-arrays. T-circles are involved in the control of telomere length via alternative-lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway and telomere rapid deletion (TRD).


wax biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.


elongator holoenzyme complex

A heterohexameric protein complex composed two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA.


Cutaneous lymphoma

A lymphoma involving the skin.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxypterin = (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-pterin + H2O.


Lacunar stroke

A stroke related to a small infarct (2-20 mm in diameter) in the deep cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, or pons, that is presumed to result from the occlusion of a single small perforating artery supplying the subcortical areas of the brain.


positive regulation of renin secretion into blood stream

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.


N-acylmannosamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine = ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.


proteoglycan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


centralspindlin complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex playing a key role in the formation of the central spindle in mitosis. Made up of two molecules each of a mitotic kinesin (ZEN-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MKLP1 in mammals) and of two molecules each of a GTPase activating protein (GAP) factor (CYK-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MgcRacGAP in mammals).


inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate binding

Binding to inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate.


negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


Graft failure

Failure of transplanted tissue to become functional or operational, often as a result of destruction by the host's immune system.


regulation of membrane depolarization during action potential

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization during an action potential. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.


light adaption

The ability of a photoreceptor to adjust to varying levels of light.


dihydroceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + dihydrosphingosine.


P granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: peptide(out) + H+(out) = peptide(in) + H+(in), up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by hydrogen ion movement.


opportunistic mycosis

A mycosis that arises from infection in an immunologically compromised host.


embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration

The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb.


lithium ion binding

Binding to a lithium ion (Li+).


positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.


positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


acute erythroid leukemia

An acute myeloid leukemia characterized by a predominant immature erythroid population. There are two subtypes recognized: erythroleukemia and pure erythroid leukemia. (WHO, 2001)


cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.


negative regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


Pulmonary alveolitis

Inflammation of the alveoli of the lung.


N-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


maltose alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose + H2O = 2 alpha-D-glucose.


cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


urethral stricture

Narrowing of any part of the urethra. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.


SAM domain binding

Binding to a SAM (Sterile Alpha Motif) domain, which is a 70-amino acid protein sequence that participates in protein-protein, protein-lipid, and protein-RNA interactions and is conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes.


heterotrimeric G-protein binding

Binding to a heterotrimeric G-protein.


chronic rhinosinusitis

Chronic form of sinusitis.


heparanase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of heparan sulfate; can degrade both heparan sulfate and heparin glycosaminoglycan chains.


group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by L-AP-4 and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.


thyroid gland undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma

A primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland composed of undifferentiated cells. The malignant cells demonstrate evidence of epithelial differentiation, either by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopic studies. Microscopically, in the majority of cases there is a mixture of spindle, epithelioid, and giant cells. The vast majority of the patients present with a rapidly enlarging neck mass. The clinical course is usually aggressive.


nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process.


cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


inner acrosomal membrane

The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the acrosomal vesicle and is located toward the sperm nucleus. This region is responsible for molecular interactions allowing the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuses with the egg plasma membrane.


regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 2 to 20 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


negative regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


Iron Overload

Accumulation of iron in the tissues. It may be a manifestation of an inherited disorder (e.g., hemochromatosis) or acquired (in patients with repeated blood transfusions). Symptoms include hepatomegaly, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and bronzed skin. If untreated it has a progressive course and may lead to death.


thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a glucocorticoid hormone.


regulation of eosinophil activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.


viral RNA genome packaging

The packaging of viral RNA (single-stranded or double-stranded) into a nucleocapsid.


vertebral bone 2

The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column.


response to diuretic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.


vascular dementia

A degenerative vascular disorder affecting the brain. It is caused by the blockage of the blood supply to the brain. It is manifested with decline of memory and cognitive functions.


positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


Abnormal platelet aggregation

An abnormality in the rate and degree to which platelets aggregate after the addition of an agonist that stimulates platelet clumping. Platelet aggregation is measured using aggregometer to measure the optical density of platelet-rich plasma, whereby platelet aggregation causes the plasma to become more transparent.


proximal renal tubular acidosis

Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) is a tubular kidney disease characterized by impaired ability of the proximal tubule to reabsorb bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate leading to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.


dUDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUDP, deoxyuridine diphosphate (2'-deoxy-5'-uridylyl phosphate).


medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a guanylyl group to an acceptor.


leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding

Binding to an leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.


nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I

The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


Hyporeflexia

Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.


guanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


NMDA glutamate receptor clustering

The receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


intertrigo

A superficial dermatitis occurring on skin surfaces in contact with each other, such as the axillae, neck creases, intergluteal fold, between the toes, etc. Obesity is a predisposing factor. The condition is caused by moisture and friction and is characterized by erythema, maceration, burning, and exudation.


regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


SREBP-SCAP-Insig complex

A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and an Insig protein (Insig-1 or Insig-2) in the ER membrane.


pyrimidine nucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


cyanate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


acute cholecystitis

Acute inflammation of the gallbladder.


negative regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.


positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH.


13-prostaglandin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)H + H+ -> 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)+. This reaction is the reduction of 15-keto-prostaglandin.


lung goblet cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins.


pyrimidine nucleobase catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.


polymyositis

A rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by symmetric proximal muscle weakness and elevated muscle enzymes.


Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


Chemical injury

Damage to body tissue caused by exposure to a chemical substance.


alpha-1A adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to an alpha-1A adrenergic receptor.


somatotropin secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


amino-acid betaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


sweat gland neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the sweat glands.


U5 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U5 snRNA molecule.


regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production.


prevention of polyspermy

The negative regulation of fertilization process that takes place as part of egg activation, ensuring that only a single sperm fertilizes the egg.


modulation by virus of host apoptotic process

Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis of infected host cells.


tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


Incisional hernia

An abdominal hernia that occurs at a site of weakness in the abdominal wall resulting from an incompletely-healed surgical wound.


inorganic phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a inorganic phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


metanephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population.


oxidized DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized residue.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-7 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Lung Injury

Damage to the lung from traumatic or pathologic processes.


regulation of cohesin loading

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.


male orgasm disorder

Persistent delay or absence in orgasm not accounted for by a medical reason.


ATPase-coupled lipid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipid(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipid(out).


Hypoactive bowel sounds

An decreased amount of bowel sounds.


negative regulation of NAD metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.


glycerol transmembrane transport

The directed movement of glycerol across a membrane. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


megacolon

An abnormal dilation of the colon not due to obstruction.


pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch

The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2).


regulation of AV node cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


Blood thyroid stimulating hormone decreased


S-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


hair cycle phase

The cyclical periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


Oxamniquine

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.


tracheal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the trachea. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include congenital malformations and infection. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoma and lymphoma.


atrial septum secundum morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized.


cardiac left ventricle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


cholinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion.


interleukin-23 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-23 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


polynucleotide 5' dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 5' end of a polynucleotide.


maternal aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.


integrin alpha4-beta7 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta7 subunit.


beta-catenin destruction complex binding

Binding to a beta-catenin destruction complex.


G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation

A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters G0 phase, in the context of cell differentiation.


HECT domain binding

Binding to a HECT, 'Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxy-Terminus', domain of a protein.


endothelial cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of an endothelial cell to another endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


retrobulbar neuritis

Optic neuritis that occurs in the section of the optic nerve located behind the eyeball.


L-serine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


calcium ion-transporting ATPase complex

Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(in).


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


mycobacterium avium complex disease

An infection that is caused by Mycobacterium avium.


Obstruction of colon

Blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the colon.


interleukin-5 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-5 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


cannabinoid receptor activity

Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown cause characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs.


polyamine transport

The directed movement of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


G-quadruplex RNA binding

Binding to a G-quadruplex RNA structure, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad.


response to norepinephrine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.


purine nucleobase binding

Binding to a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton.


Edema of the dorsum of hands

An abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin on the back of the hands.


spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


CTP salvage

Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


prolactin secretion

The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.


positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


regulation of cholesterol transporter activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.


apical constriction

The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell.


visceral serous pericardium development

The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O + NADP+ = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + H+ + NADPH.


perineuronal net

A dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms around many neuronal cell bodies and dendrites late in development and is responsible for synaptic stabilization in the adult brain.


vasopressin receptor binding

Binding to a vasopressin receptor.


osteosclerosis

Abnormally high bone density.


G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cholecystokinin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by cholecystokinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ketosteroid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + progesterone = H2O + NADP+ + testosterone acetate.


MCM8-MCM9 complex

A hexameric protein complex composed of MCM8 and MCM9 and involved in homologous recombination repair following DNA interstrand cross-links.


anogenital human papillomavirus infection

A sexually transmitted papillary growth caused by the human papillomavirus. It usually arises in the skin and mucous membranes of the perianal region and external genitalia.


trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis

The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.


selenide, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + hydrogen selenide = AMP + 3 H+ + phosphate + selenophosphorate.


transposase activity

Catalysis of the transposition of transposable elements or transposons. Transposases are involved in recombination required for transposition and are site-specific for the transposon/transposable element.


myocardial disorder

A disorder that affects the muscle tissue of the heart. Representative examples include myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy.


U2AF complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of conserved large and small U2AF subunits that contributes to spliceosomal RNA splicing by binding to consensus sequences at the 3' splice site. U2AF is required to stabilize the association of the U2 snRNP with the branch point.


nitric oxide binding

Binding to nitric oxide (NO).


receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell

Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell.


transcription factor TFIIIB complex

A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIB contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and two Pol III-specific proteins, B'' and BRF.


Skin Induration

An area of hardness in the skin. Causes include inflammatory process and infiltration of the skin by malignant neoplasms.


Hypereosinophilia

A severely increased count of eosinophils in the blood defined as a blood eosinophil count of at least 1.5 billion cells per liter.


ERCC4-ERCC1 complex

A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.


Neoplasm of the genitourinary tract

A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the genitourinary system.


translation release factor activity, codon specific

A translation release factor that is specific for one or more particular termination codons; acts at the ribosomal A-site and require polypeptidyl-tRNA at the P-site.


release from viral latency

The process by which a virus begins to replicate following a latency replication decision (switch).


Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies

An abnormality of the musculoskeletal system that is present at birth or detected in the neonatal period.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


methyl-branched fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl-branched fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with methyl branches on the main chain.


endomitotic cell cycle

A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.


endocardial cushion cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cushion cell.


activation of meiosis

Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis.


mitochondrial ribosome binding

Binding to a mitochondrial ribosome.


rescue of stalled ribosome

A process of translational elongation that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, and results in freeing the ribosome from the stalled translation complex.


ureter maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.


Localised intraabdominal fluid collection


actin filament uncapping

The removal of capping protein from the end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


histone deacetylase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of histone deacetylase, which catalyzes of the removal of acetyl groups from histones, proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.


regulation of timing of neuron differentiation

The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron.


diabetic peripheral angiopathy

Diabetic angiopathy is a form of angiopathy associated with diabetic complications.


ascending aorta development

The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


Pharyngeal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the pharynx.


ADP-sugar diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-sugar + H2O = AMP + sugar 1-phosphate.


bronchus cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


negative regulation of lymphangiogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


cleavage body

A nuclear body that contains proteins involved in pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, such as DDX1, CSTF2 and CPSFs, as well as the transcription factors TFIIE and TFIIF. Cleavage bodies are localized adjacent to Cajal bodies and are involved in mRNA3'-end processing.


glutaminyl-tRNAGln biosynthesis via transamidation

A tRNA aminoacylation process in which glutaminyl-tRNAGln is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNAGlx synthetase generates the misacylated L-glutamyl-tRNAGln species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-glutaminyl-tRNAGln by a glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase.


nocardiosis

Nocardiosis is a local (skin, lung, brain) or disseminated (whole body) acute, subacute, or chronic bacterial infection.


complement component C4b binding

Binding to a C4b product of the classical complement cascade.


ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.


negative regulation of defense response to virus by host

Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


chronic diarrheal disease

Chronic form of diarrheal disease.


nuclear export signal receptor activity

Combining with a nuclear export signal (NES) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of a the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the nuclear lumen to the cytoplasm. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


cell migration involved in mesendoderm migration

The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another that contributes to the migration of mesendodermal tissue.


trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is a nerve disorder that causes a stabbing or electric-shock-like pain in parts of the face. The pain lasts a few seconds to a few minutes, and usually on only one side of the face. It can also cause muscle spasms in the face the same time as the pain. The pain may result from a blood vessel pressing against the trigeminal nerve (the nerve that carries pain, feeling, and other sensations from the brain to the skin of theface), as a complication of multiple sclerosis, or due to compression of the nerve by a tumor or cyst. In some cases, the cause is unknown. Treatment options include medicines, surgery, and complementary approaches.


spondylitis

The inflammation of a vertebra.


positive regulation of anterior head development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


RES complex

A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.


IkappaB kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + IkappaB protein = ADP + IkappaB phosphoprotein.


phimosis

A condition in which there is constriction in the tip of the foreskin resulting in inability to fully retract the foreskin over the glans penis. Causes include balanoposthitis, balanitis xerotica obliterans, and untreated diabetes.


typhoid fever

A bacterial infectious disorder contracted by consumption of food or drink contaminated with Salmonella typhi. This disorder is common in developing countries and can be treated with antibiotics.


neurohypophysis development

The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


CHOP-ATF3 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland alveolus.


stereocilia ankle link complex

A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.


regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration.


sweet taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble sweet compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sweet taste.


Unsteady gait

A shaky or wobbly manner of walking.


discharging ear

Discharge or drainage of fluid from the ear.


positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway.


protein deamination

The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid.


regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.


retinal cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell.


sequence-specific mRNA binding

Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) of a specific nucleotide composition or a specific sequence motif.


RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.


bone regeneration

The regrowth of bone following its loss or destruction.


positive regulation of neuron projection regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.


glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + L-glutamate + ATP = L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


Binding to 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


Hyperalbuminemia

Elevation in the concentration of albumin in the blood.


negative regulation of cytokine activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


bronchiolitis

Inflammation of the bronchioles characterized by swelling of the bronchioles and mucus accumulation. It is usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus and affects children. Signs and symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.


positive regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.


interleukin-12 complex

A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.


acetylcholine transport

The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.


regulation of kinetochore assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of kinetochore assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


TNFSF11-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a tRNA molecule.


cone cell pedicle

A specialized axon terminus which is produced by retinal cone cells. Pedicles are large, conical, flat end-feet (8-10 micrometers diameter) of the retinal cone axon that lie more or less side by side on the same plane at the outer edge of the outer plexiform layer (OPL).


positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


benign neoplasm of pituitary gland

A benign neoplasm that involves the pituitary gland.


Hand tremor

An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement affecting the hand.


Renal Mass

An abnormal growth in the kidney.


ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase.


GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding

Binding to a GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.


smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a smooth muscle cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


chain elongation of O-linked mannose residue

Extension of the O-linked mannose residue of a mannoprotein by the stepwise addition of further mannose molecules.