Stage IIIB Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T1-3, N2, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. T4: Tumor is locally advanced and technically unresectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: diffuse extension or multifocal masses of tumor in the chest wall, with or without associated rib destruction, direct transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor to the peritoneum, direct extension of tumor to the contralateral pleura, direct extension of tumor to mediastinal organs, direct extension of tumor into the spine, and/or tumor extending through to the internal surface of the pericardium with or without a pericardial effusion; or tumor involving the myocardium. N2: Metastases in the contralateral mediastinal, ipsilateral, or contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


mediastinal neural neoplasm

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A neurogenic tumor that arises from the mediastinum. Neural tumors are the most common tumors that arise from the posterior mediastinum. Representative examples include Schwannoma, neurofibroma, and neuroblastoma.


Refractory Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Lung squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


axillary lipoma

A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the axilla.


Stage I Thymoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1a, b, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor with no mediastinal pleura involvement. T1b: Tumor with direct invasion of mediastinal pleura. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor with Somatic-Type Malignancy

A rare extragonadal germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is associated with the presence of a somatic-type malignant component.  The somatic malignancy is usually a sarcoma (e.g., embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, or leiomyosarcoma), adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, or primitive neuroectodermal tumor.  The prognosis is poor.


Mediastinal Mixed Germ Cell Tumor

A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum. It is characterized by the presence of at least two different germ cell tumor components. The different germ cell tumor components include choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, and seminoma.


mediastinal lipomatosis

A neoplastic process characterized by a diffuse poorly circumscribed overgrowth of adipose tissue in the mediastinum.


Childhood Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

A rare small cell carcinoma of the lung that occurs during childhood.


neoplasm of chest wall

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the chest wall.


Endobronchial Hamartoma

A benign neoplasm that arises endobronchially.  It is characterized by the presence of mesenchymal tissues admixed with entrapped respiratory epithelium.  It presents with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.  Bronchoplastic resection is usually curative.  Recurrence is very rare.


Invasive Lung Non-Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the absence of tall columnar cells and mucin production. This category includes lepidic adenocarcinoma, acinar adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, micropapillary adenocarcinoma, and solid adenocarcinoma.


Refractory Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

Lung non-small cell squamous carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Pleural mesothelioma malignant recurrent

The reemergence of pleural malignant mesothelioma after a period of remission.


Lung Carcinoma Metastatic in the Brain

A carcinoma that has spread to the brain from its original site in the lung, through the hematogenous route.


Stage IIIC Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N3, M0). T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N3: Metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A lung neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Benign Lung PEComa

A benign lung tumor that arises from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs).


Metastatic Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

A small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Pleural Lymphoma

A rare extranodal lymphoma that arises from the pleura with no evidence of involvement of other sites at the time of diagnosis. This category includes primary effusion lymphoma and pyothorax-associated lymphoma.


Refractory Extensive Stage Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

Extensive stage small cell lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IIIB Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Mucinous Cystadenoma

A very rare, well circumscribed, benign cystic neoplasm that arises from the lung.  It is characterized by the presence of cysts which are lined by tall mucinous epithelium and filled with mucin.


benign neoplasm of chest wall

A benign neoplasm that involves the chest wall.


teratocarcinoma of mediastinum

An extragonadal non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and contains teratoma and embryonal carcinoma components.


Chest Wall Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the structures of the chest wall.


Cardiac Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

An intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the heart.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.


Metastatic Cardiac Paraganglioma

A paraganglioma of the heart that metastasizes to regional or distant anatomic sites.


Mediastinal Thymoma

An invasive or non-invasive thymoma that arises from the mediastinum.  Thymomas are the most common anterior mediastinal tumors.


Stage III Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N1, M0); IIIB: (T1-3, N2, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. T4: Tumor is locally advanced and technically unresectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: diffuse extension or multifocal masses of tumor in the chest wall, with or without associated rib destruction, direct transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor to the peritoneum, direct extension of tumor to the contralateral pleura, direct extension of tumor to mediastinal organs, direct extension of tumor into the spine, and/or tumor extending through to the internal surface of the pericardium with or without a pericardial effusion; or tumor involving the myocardium. N1: Metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary, hilar, or mediastinal (including the internal mammary, peridiaphragmatic, pericardial fat pad, or intercostal) lymph nodes. N2: Metastases in the contralateral mediastinal, ipsilateral, or contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage 0 Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm, arising from the heart.  IIt is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.


Unresectable Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

Lung non-small cell squamous carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Thymic carcinoma with adenoid cystic carcinoma-like features

A very rare primary thymic carcinoma that resembles adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland.


heart neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the heart.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage III

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Occult Lung Carcinoma

A lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology or bronchial washings only.  The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


neoplasm of myocardium

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the myocardium.


Platinum-Resistant Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

Lung small cell carcinoma that is resistant to platinum therapy.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pleura

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the pleura from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


Lung Adenofibroma

A very rare benign neoplasm that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of a stromal and an epithelial component. It resembles the adenofibromas that arise from the organs of the female reproductive system.


pericardium leiomyoma

A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the pericardium. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


Lung Pleomorphic Adenoma

A very rare, well circumscribed, benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the bronchus.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, and fibromyxoid stroma.


Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Small Cell Variant

A poorly differentiated morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of small tumor cells with focal squamous differentiation.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma metastatic

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Lung Non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the absence of keratinization, pearl formation, and intercellular bridges.


Stage IIIB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T1c, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N2, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N2: Metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). N3: Metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


sternal neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the sternum.


Stage IA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Solid Lung Adenocarcinoma

A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of polygonal malignant cells forming sheets. Acinar, papillary, micropapillary, or lepidic growth patterns are absent.  If the tumor is 100 percent solid, intracellular mucin should be present in at least five tumor cells in each of two high-power fields and confirmed with mucin immunohistochemical stains. Tumors formerly classified as large cell carcinomas expressing pneumocyte immunohistochemical markers, even if intracellular mucin is absent, are now included in this category.


Pleural Well Differentiated Papillary Mesothelial Tumor

A rare, non-invasive, localized or multifocal neoplasm that arises from the pleura.  It is characterized by the presence of papillae with myxoid fibrovascular cores, lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells.  The clinical course is usually indolent.


A morphologic variant of minimally invasive lung  adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of Clara cells and/or type II cells.


chest wall lymphoma

A lymphoma that affects the structures of the chest wall. The majority of cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.


Stage IA Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic thymic carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the thymus and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Thymus Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the thymus gland.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle cell fibroblasts and collagen tissue.


Locally Advanced Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Pleural Proximal-Type Epithelioid Sarcoma

A rare epithelioid sarcoma of the proximal type that arises from the pleura.


Stage IIB Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


mediastinum leiomyosarcoma

An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the mediastinum. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


Lung Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of lung carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Unresectable Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Lung non-small cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIIA Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T1c, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. N2: Metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


mature pericardial teratoma

A benign teratoma that arises from the pericardium.


Myoepithelial carcinoma of lung

A very rare malignant lung tumor with myoepithelial differentiation.


Advanced Thymic Carcinoma

Thymic carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Lung Carcinoid Tumor

Lung carcinoid tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Lung non-small cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


lipoma of mediastinum

A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the anterior, middle or posterior mediastinum.


Cardiac Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from paraganglia located in the heart.


Occult Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma

An adenosquamous lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only.  The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


Stage IIIA Thymoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Benign Mediastinal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the mediastinum.  Representative examples include lipoma, leiomyoma, and rhabdomyoma.


Metastatic Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the lung and has spread to another anatomic site.


Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor Stage Grouping of the Pediatric Study Group

A term that refers to the staging of mediastinal malignant germ cell tumors according to the Pediatric Study Group staging criteria. This staging system is not an official UICC TNM classification. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


Stage IIIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma without Pleural Effusion AJCC v7

Stage IIIB small cell lung carcinoma that has not spread to the pleural fluid.


Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of lung

A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm arising from the lung.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.


pleural neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that involves the serous membrane that lines the lungs and thoracic cavity. Most pleural neoplasms are metastatic. Diffuse malignant mesothelioma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the pleura.


Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of lung

A rare lymphoproliferative disorder that affects the lungs.  It is characterized by the presence of an angiocentric and angiodestructive polymorphic cellular infiltrate composed of EBV-positive neoplastic B-lymphocytes and reactive T-lymphocytes.  The majority of patients present with bilateral nodular lesions in the lungs.  The prognosis depends on the histologic grade of the lesions. One third of patients with grade 1 lesions and two thirds of patients with grade 2 lesions progress to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.  Grade 3 lesions, by definition, are classified as non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A carcinoid tumor or neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the thymus gland.


Stage IB Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1b: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor also involving the visceral pleura N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Lung Non-Small Cell Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of non-small cell lung carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Lung Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the lung.


chest wall bone cancer

An uncommon malignant neoplasm that arises from the chest wall bones. Representative examples include chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor.


Metaplastic thymoma

A rare type of well circumscribed or encapsulated thymoma with a biphasic architecture, consisting of epithelial cell islands and bundles of spindle cells.  The vast majority of reported cases had a benign clinical course.


Stage III Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

Locoregional tumor, regional lymph nodes negative or positive; no distant metastasis; biopsy only or gross residual tumor after primary resection. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


Mediastinal Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A localized neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation, that arises from the mediastinum.  It is characterized by the presence of round to spindle-shaped cells, hylanized stroma formation, thin-walled branching blood vessels, and thin bands of collagen.


Stage IV Thymoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a); IVB: (Any T, N2, M0, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in deep intrathoracic or cervical lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). M1b: Pulmonary intraparenchymal nodule or distant organ metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Lung Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


sternum cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the sternum


Pleural Mesothelioma In Situ

A non-invasive mesothelial neoplasm that arises from the pleura. It is characterized by the proliferation of a single-layer of flat or cuboidal neoplastic mesothelial cells. Cytological atypia is absent or minimal. Mitoses are absent. BAP1 gene inactivation and/or CDKN2A gene homozygous deletion are present. Patients present with non-resolving pleural effusion. It may progress to invasive epithelioid mesothelioma.


Lung Typical Carcinoid Tumor

A carcinoid tumor of the lung characterized by the absence of necrosis and the presence of less than 2 mitoses per 10 high power fields.


Thymic Carcinoid Tumor

A primary thymic neuroendocrine tumor, often associated with Cushing syndrome.  Two morphologic subtypes are recognized: typical and atypical carcinoid tumors.  Atypical carcinoid tumors have a more aggressive clinical course.


Unresectable Malignant Thoracic Neoplasm

A malignant thoracic neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Mediastinal T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

A precursor T-cell lymphoid neoplasm composed of small to medium-sized lymphoblasts that affects the mediastinum.


Stage IIIA Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N1, M0. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. N1: Metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary, hilar, or mediastinal (including the internal mammary, peridiaphragmatic, pericardial fat pad, or intercostal) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Lung non-small cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


mediastinum leiomyoma

A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the mediastium. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


Metastatic Lung Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Intrapulmonary teratoma

A teratoma that arises from the lung.


Metastatic Malignant Thoracic Neoplasm

A malignant thoracic neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Metastatic Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis

Lymphangiomatosis diffusely involving the lung parenchyma.


Advanced Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

Non-small cell squamous lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIIA Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Lung Osteosarcoma

A rare extraskeletal osteosarcoma that arises from the lung parenchyma.


Sclerosing thymoma

A rare type of thymoma, characterized by an exuberant amount of collagen-rich stroma.


Lung Myolipoma

A benign tumor of the lung composed of mature adipocytes and smooth muscle cells.


Unresectable Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to thymus

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the thymus from another anatomic site.


Mediastinal Mixed Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

An extragonadal nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is composed of two or more germ cell tumor types.  It manifests with respiratory distress, thoracic pain, cough, superior vena cava syndrome, or hoarseness.


Malignant Lung and Pleural Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the lung and pleura.


benign neoplasm of pericardium

A benign neoplasm that involves the pericardium.


Stage 0 Lung Adenocarcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IB Lung Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to sternum

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the sternum from another anatomic site.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to chest wall

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the structures of the chest wall from another primary anatomic site.


Locally Advanced Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma

Lung adenosquamous carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IA1 Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA1 includes: IA1: (T1mi, N0, M0); (T1a, N0, M0). T1mi: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma: adenocarcinoma (3 cm or less in greatest dimension) with a predominantly lepidic pattern and 5 mm or less invasion in greatest dimension. T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IB Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Sternal Chondromyxoid Fibroma

An uncommon benign cartilaginous neoplasm arising from the sternum. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped or stellate chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, and sometimes multinucleated giant cells.


Thymoma malignant recurrent

Reemergence of malignant thymoma after a period of remission.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IVb

The tumor shows lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis to distant sites.


Stage IVA Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b). M1a: Tumor with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural or pericardial nodules or malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Most pleural (pericardial) effusions with lung cancer are a result of the tumor. In a few patients, however, multiple microscopic examinations of pleural (pericardial) fluid are negative for tumor, and the fluid is nonbloody and not an exudate. If these elements and clinical judgment dictate that the effusion is not related to the tumor, the effusion should be excluded as a staging descriptor. M1b: Tumor with single extrathoracic metastasis in a single organ (including involvement of a single nonregional node). (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

Locoregional tumor, non-metastatic, complete resection. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


Advanced Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Cardiac Intramuscular Hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the myocardium.


Metastatic Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

Pleural malignant mesothelioma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Conventional Cardiac Rhabdomyoma

A cardiac rhabdomyoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic large striated muscle cells with clear cytoplasm and spider cells.


Cardiac Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

An undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma usually arising from the left atrium of the heart.  It is characterized by the presence of fibrohistiocytic cells, giant cells, and spindle cells arrranged iin a storiform pattern.  Clinical presentation includes signs and symptoms associated with left atrial hemodynamic changes.


Stage IB Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T2 or T3, N0, M0. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0) and IIB (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Lung Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


embryonal carcinoma of mediastinum

An extragonadal malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is composed of primitive large cells with clear or granular cytoplasm forming solid, glandular, or papillary patterns.  It usually affects young males.  It manifests with respiratory distress, thoracic or shoulder pain, fever, cough, superior vena cava syndrome, or hoarseness.


Lung Plasmacytoma

A plasmacytoma that arises in the lung.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of lung

A rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in and is confined to the lung at the time of diagnosis.


Thymoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of thymoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


heart lipoma

A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the heart usually originating in the epicardial or pericardial fatty tissue.


mediastinum angiosarcoma

A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the mediastinum.


Adenocarcinoma of lung stage IIIA

Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Lung Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IB Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Mediastinal Granulocytic Sarcoma

A malignant tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is composed of myeloblasts, neutrophils and neutrophil precursors. It is the most common type of myeloid sarcoma affecting the mediastinum.


Metastatic Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma

An adenosquamous carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


epicardium lipoma

A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the epicardium of the heart.


Stage IB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Masaoka-Koga Stage II

The tumor shows invasion into the capsule.


Localized Lung Carcinoma

Lung carcinoma that is confined to the site in which it initially manifested without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Refractory Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

Small cell lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Benign neoplasm of hilus of lung

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the hilar region of the lung.


Stage I Lung Cancer AJCC v6

Stage I includes: IA: (TI, N0, M0) and IB: (T2, N0, M0).  TI: Tumor 3 cm or less in greatest dimension surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus.  T2: Tumor with any of the following features of size or extent: More than 3cm in greatest dimension.  Involves main bronchus, 2cm or more distal to the carina.  Invades the visceral pleura.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


pleural solitary fibrous tumor

A localized neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation, that arises from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of round to spindle-shaped cells, hylanized stroma formation, thin-walled branching blood vessels, and thin bands of collagen.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage I

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cardiac Yolk Sac Tumor

A yolk sac tumor that arises within the myocardium or cardiac chambers.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IIa

The tumor shows microscopic invasion into the capsule.


Congenital Peribronchial Myofibroblastic Tumor

A rare lung neoplasm that occurs in the intrauterine and perinatal period. It is characterized by the proliferation of spindle cells in an interstitial, peribronchial pattern. Surgical resection of the involved lung parenchyma is the treatment of choice.


Stage IA3 Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA3 includes: T1c, N0, M0. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


benign neoplasm of heart

A benign neoplasm that involves the heart.


Micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma

A rare type of thymoma characterized by the presence of multiple, well formed epithelial nodules separated by a lymphocytic stroma that usually contains germinal centers.  Reported cases have not been associated with recurrences or metastases.


benign neoplasm of myocardium

A benign neoplasm that involves the myocardium.


Stage IV Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Pleural mesothelioma with a locally advanced technically unresectable tumor.  Tumor involving all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following: diffuse extension or multifocal masses of tumor in the chest wall, with or without associated rib destruction; direct transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor to the peritoneum; direct extension of tumor to the contralateral pleura; direct extension of tumor to mediastinal organs; direct extension of tumor into the spine; tumor extending through to the internal surface of the pericardium with or without a pericardial effusion or tumor involving the myocardium.  N3: Pleural mesothelioma with metastases in the contralateral mediastinal, contralateral internal mammary, ipsilateral or contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2b, N0, M0); IIB: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T1c, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0); (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1a, b, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor with no mediastinal pleura involvement. T1b: Tumor with direct invasion of mediastinal pleura. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Mature B-Cell Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from mature B-lymphocytes or plasma cells in the lung.  Representative examples include mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and primary pulmonary plasmacytoma.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to axilla

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the structures of the axilla from another anatomic site.


Stage IIIB Thymoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Benign Pericardial Germ Cell Tumor

A non-metastasizing germ cell tumor that arises within the pericardium.


A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm arising from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.


Unresectable Lung Carcinoma

Lung carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Lung Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare, low-grade carcinoma that arises endobronchially in the central airways. It is associated with the presence of EWSR1-ATF1 fusion gene and EWSR1-ATF1 fusion protein expression. It is composed of small to medium-sized malignant epithelial cells with clear and eosinophilic cytoplasm forming nests, cords, and trabeculae in a myxohyaline and fibrous stroma.


Stage IA Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Benign Atrial Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing cardiac neoplasm that arises from the right or left atrium.


Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1,M0); (T3, N2, M0) or IIIB (Any T, N3, M0); (T4, Any N, M0).  N1: Metastasis to ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes, and intrapulmonary nodes including involvement by direct extension of the primary tumor.  N2: Metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s).  T1: Tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus.  T2: Tumor has any of the following features of size or extent: more than 3 cm in greatest dimension; involves the main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina; invades the visceral pleura; associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung.  T3: Tumor (of any size) directly invades any of the following: chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina; or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vertebral body, carina; or separate tumor nodules in the same lobe; or tumor with a malignant pleural effusion.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to mediastinum

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the mediastinum from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


endocardium cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the endocardium.


Benign Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

A benign, solid or cystic germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum.  Solid tumors are classified as benign teratomas.  Cystic tumors are classified as dermoid cysts.


Mediastinal Myeloid Sarcoma

A mass-forming malignant neoplasm that arises from the mediastinum and is characterized by the proliferation of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells. It may present in association with or precede acute myeloid leukemia, or it may be the first manifestation of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.


Cardiac Cavernous Hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the heart.  It is characterized by the presence of cavernous vascular spaces.


Refractory Lung Carcinoma

Lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a thymic epithelial neoplasm, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to thymomas, thymic carcinomas, thymic neuroendocrine tumors, and combined thymic carcinomas. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Lung

The spread of a carcinoma to the lung. This may be from a primary lung carcinoma, or from a carcinoma at a distant anatomic site.


pleural cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the pleura. A representative example of primary malignant pleural neoplasm is the malignant pleural mesothelioma. A representative example of metastatic malignant neoplasm to the pleura is metastatic carcinoma that has spread to the pleura from another anatomic site.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of mediastinum

A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the mediastinum.  It usually involves mediastinal lymph nodes and/or the thymus.  Signs and symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats.


Pericardial Germ Cell Tumor

A rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the pericardium. The reported cases have been teratomas and yolk sac tumors.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage IIIA

Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


chest wall lipoma

A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the chest wall.


Transplant-Related Lung Carcinoma

A lung carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Thymoliposarcoma

A liposarcoma that arises from the thymus gland.  It is characterized by the presence of a liposarcomatous malignant infiltrate that entraps lobules of thymic tissue.


Lung Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of lung cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system derives from analyses of the new retrospective and prospective databases of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). These databases contain information on patients diagnosed with lung cancer from 1999 to 2010 originating from 35 different databases in 16 countries around the world. This staging system applies to carcinomas of the lung, including non-small cell and small cell carcinomas, and bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors. It does not apply to sarcomas or other rare tumors of the lung. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lung Malignant PEComa

A malignant lung tumor that arises from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs).


Pleural Carcinomatosis

Carcinoma that has spread diffusely to the pleura.


solitary plasmacytoma of chest wall

A solitary plasmacytoma that arises from the chest wall.


Stage IV Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

Tumor with distant metastasis. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


Thymoma by Masaoka-Koga Stage

A staging system for thymoma based on the anatomic extent of disease at the time of surgery.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage III

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cardiac Myeloid Sarcoma

A rare extramedullary myeloid tumor that arises from the heart.  It may present in association with or as a site of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia. Rare cases of myeloid sarcoma of the heart preceding acute myeloid leukemia have also been reported.


Microscopic Thymoma

A rare type of thymoma, composed of multifocal epithelial proliferations less than 1 mm in diameter.  This type of thymoma usually occurs in myasthenia gravis patients without any macroscopic (gross) evidence of tumor.


Unresectable Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IA Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0.  T1a: Pleural mesothelioma with no involvement of the visceral pleura. N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Thymoma, type B1, malignant

A type B1 thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of mediastinum

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the mediastinum.  It may be associated with neurofibromatosis.  It often spreads to the lungs or pleura.


Thymus Lipofibroadenoma

A benign thymic tumor morphologically resembling fibroadenoma of the breast.


Thymic Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma

A very rare adenocarcinoma arising from the thymus. It is characterized by the presence of malignant polygonal cells resembling hepatocytes.


Atrial Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from paraganglia located in the cardiac atrium.


Stage IIB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T1c, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0); (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hemangiosarcoma of heart

An angiosarcoma that arises from the heart. It most often arises in the right atrium near the atrioventricular groove. The prognosis is poor.


Malignant carcinoid tumor of lung

A carcinoid tumor of the lung showing focal necrotic changes or a number of mitotic figures between 2 and 10/10 high power fields.


Pericardial Teratoma

A teratoma that arises within the pericardium.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of small cell lung carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


thoracic cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the tissues of the thorax.


Stage II Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. N1: Metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary, hilar, or mediastinal (including the internal mammary, peridiaphragmatic, pericardial fat pad, or intercostal) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Myoepithelial Tumor

A very rare, benign or malignant lung tumor with myoepithelial differentiation.


Advanced Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IVA Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Advanced Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Colon Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lung

A carcinoma that originates from the colonic wall and has spread to the lungs.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0) and IIB (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Combined Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm

The reemergence of combined thymic epithelial neoplasm after a period of remission.


Advanced Lung Carcinoma

A lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Non-Functioning Lung Carcinoid Tumor

A lung carcinoid tumor that is not associated with carcinoid syndrome.


Stage III Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adult Cardiac Cellular Rhabdomyoma

Cardiac rhabdomyoma occurring in adults.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic striated muscle cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and increased cellularity.


Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis present. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ

A preinvasive bronchial neoplastic lesion affecting the squamous epithelium. It is characterized by the absence of progression of maturation from base to luminal surface, basilar zone expansion with cellular crowding throughout the epithelium, absence of the intermediate zone, and surface flattening confined to the most superficial cells. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio is often high and variable, the chromatin is coarse and uneven, and mitotic figures are present through full thickness. The cell size may be markedly increased. Anisocytosis and pleomorphism may be present. (Adapted from WHO, 2015)


Recurrent Mediastinal Lymphoma

The reemergence of a mediastinal lymphoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIA Lung Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Minimally Invasive Lung Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A morphologic variant of minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma characterized by tall columnar cells and mucin production.


Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Thymic Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the thymus gland.  It is usually of the nodular sclerosis subtype and is often associated with cystic changes in the thymic epithelium.


Stage I Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0).  T1: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal pleura with or without mediastinal pleura and with or without diaphragmatic pleural involvement. T1a: Pleural mesothelioma with no involvement of the visceral pleura. T1b: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor also involving the visceral pleura N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


sternum lymphoma

A rare lymphoma that arises from the bone or soft tissue of the sternum.


Intrathyroidal Thymoma

A rare thymoma arising within or is attached to the thyroid gland.


Unresectable Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Lung non-squamous non-small cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Unresectable Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Locally Advanced Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A lung neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Pleural Leiomyosarcoma

A rare leiomyosarcoma that arises from the pleural cavity.


Ectopic Cervical Thymoma

A thymoma that arises in the cervical region and is not connected with the thymus gland.


keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of lung

A squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of keratinization, pearl formation, and/or intercellular bridges.


epicardium cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the epicardium.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IV

The tumor shows metastasis throughout the pleural and/or pericardial spaces or metastasis to distant sites.


Lung Enteric Adenocarcinoma

A well-differentiated adenocarcinoma located in the lung periphery. It resembles colorectal adenocarcinoma with acinar and/or cribriform architecture and papillotubular structures.


Stage II Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle; extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor

A rare, benign, circumscribed nodule arising from the bronchioles. It is usually seen in middle-aged to elderly patients. It is characterized by the presence a two-layer cellular structure composed of a basal and luminal layer.


Atypical Adenomatous Lung Hyperplasia

A preinvasive lesion in the lung. It is characterized by the presence of a small, localized proliferation of mildly to moderately atypical type II pneumocytes and/or Clara cells lining alveolar walls and sometimes respiratory bronchioles.


Sternal Intraosseous Schwannoma

A rare schwannoma that arises from the sternum.


Lung Melanoma

A rare malignant neoplasm that derives from melanocytes and arises from the lung in a patient with no history of previous melanoma and no evidence of melanoma in another site at the time of diagnosis.  It usually presents as a solitary lesion and the prognosis is poor.


Metastatic Lung Carcinoid Tumor

Lung carcinoid tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Lung cancer with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules or malignant pleural (or pericardial) effusion.  M1b: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Thymic Typical Carcinoid Tumor

A primary thymic carcinoid tumor, characterized by the presence of uniform, polygonal neoplastic cells, a low mitotic rate, and absence of necrosis.


Stage 0 Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCIS). Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS): adenocarcinoma with pure lepidic pattern, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Intrapulmonary thymoma

An epithelial neoplasm that arises from ectopic thymic tissue in the lung.  Histologically it is identical to the thymomas that arise from the mediastinum.  Signs and symptoms include cough, dyspnea, fever, and weight loss.  Surgical excision is the recommended treatment.


childhood mediastinal neurogenic neoplasm


Metastatic Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

A non-squamous non-small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


mediastinum sarcoma

A rare sarcoma that arises from the mediastinum. Examples include liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma.


Cardiac Schwannoma

A benign peripheral nervous system neoplasm that is composed of well-differentiated Schwann cells and affects the heart.


mediastinal extraskeletal osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma arising from the mediastinum.


Stage IV Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Ganglioneuroma of mediastinum

A ganglioneuroma arising from the mediastinum.


Thymic Atypical Carcinoid Tumor

A primary thymic carcinoid tumor, characterized by a high mitotic rate often associated with the presence of necrosis and nuclear pleomorphism.  This type of thymic carcinoid tumor has a more aggressive clinical course, compared to typical thymic carcinoid tumors.


Stage IIA Lung Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7


Stage IB Lung Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Lung Carcinoma

A lung carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Thoracic NUT Carcinoma

A highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma that arises from the thoracic structures. It is characterized by mutations and rearrangement of the NUT gene. It usually presents at an advanced stage with pleuritic chest pain and pleural effusion, non-productive cough, shortness of breath, and weigh loss.


Chest Wall Sarcoma

A sarcoma that arises from the anatomic structures that surround the lungs and the pleura.


axillary neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the structures of the axilla. Representative examples include axillary lipoma, axillary lymph node lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma to the axillary lymph nodes.


Resectable Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura that is amenable to surgical resection.


mediastinal malignant lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises from the mediastinum. Representative examples include mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.


Masaoka-Koga Stage I

The tumor is completely encapsulated.


Mediastinal Mature Teratoma

An extragonadal mature teratoma that arises from the mediastinum.  It is usually encapsulated and characterized by the presence of unilocular or multilocular cysts. The cysts can contain clear fluid, mucoid material, sebaceous debris, fat, hair, cartilage, and rarely teeth or bone.


Small cell lung cancer extensive stage

Small cell lung carcinoma which has spread beyond one hemi-thorax and the regional lymph nodes.


Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Papillary Variant

A morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of papillary structures.


Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Lung squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Oligometastatic Lung Carcinoma

Lung carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Lung

Infiltration of the lung by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of plasma cell myeloma.


Chest Wall Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor

An intermediate fibrohistiocytic neoplasm arising from the skin in the chest wall. It is a multinodular poorly circumscribed tumor, characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells, mononuclear histiocyte-like cells, and spindle fibroblast-like cells arranged in a plexiform pattern.


Stage IIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


benign neoplasm of endocardium

A benign neoplasm that involves the endocardium.


malignant neoplasm of chest wall

A cancer that involves the chest wall.


Stage II Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor with direct invasion of the pericardium (either partial or full thickness). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

A carcinoma that originates from the lung and has spread to the liver.


Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of squamous cell lung carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


neoplasm of endocardium

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the endocardium.


Locally Advanced Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

Pleural malignant mesothelioma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Lung Carcinoid Tumor

Lung carcinoid tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Platinum-Sensitive Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

Lung small cell carcinoma that is sensitive to platinum therapy.


logopenic progressive aphasia

Logopenic progressive aphasia (lv-PPA) is a form of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), characterized by impaired single-word retrieval and naming and impaired repetition with spared single-word comprehension and object knowledge.


Stage IIA Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2b, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Glandular papilloma of lung

A benign papillary neoplasm that arises endobronchially.  It is characterized by the presence of fibrovascular cores lined by columnar, cuboidal, and goblet cells.  Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.  Complete resection is curative.


Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of lung

A morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by nuclear palisading.


Stage III Thymoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Thymic Carcinoma

A thymic carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a); IVB: (Any T, N2, M0, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in deep intrathoracic or cervical lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). M1b: Pulmonary intraparenchymal nodule or distant organ metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Tumor with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural or pericardial nodules or malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Most pleural (pericardial) effusions with lung cancer are a result of the tumor. In a few patients, however, multiple microscopic examinations of pleural (pericardial) fluid are negative for tumor, and the fluid is nonbloody and not an exudate. If these elements and clinical judgment dictate that the effusion is not related to the tumor, the effusion should be excluded as a staging descriptor. M1b: Tumor with single extrathoracic metastasis in a single organ (including involvement of a single nonregional node). M1c: Tumor with multiple extrathoracic metastases in a single organ or in multiple organs. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

Locoregional tumor, non-metastatic, macroscopic complete resection but microscopic residual tumor. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


neoplasm of pericardium

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the pericardium.


Colorectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lung

A carcinoma that originates from the wall of the colon or rectum and has spread to the lungs.


Minimally Invasive Thymoma

A thymoma that focally infiltrates the surrounding capsule and invades the mediastinal fat.  This type of thymoma is usually recognized only after microscopic examination.  Grossly, it appears indistinguishable from encapsulated thymoma.


mediastinum liposarcoma

A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the anterior, middle or posterior mediastinum.


Cystic tumor of atrio-ventricular node

A multicystic tumor arising in the inferior interatrial septum in the region of the atrioventricular node. The vast majority of patients present with complete heart block and a minority with partial heart block. Sudden death is reported in approximately 10% of the cases. It is a morphologically benign tumor composed of cuboidal, transitional, or squamoid cells. The cells may also show sebaceous differentiation and originate from the endoderm.


Stage IIIB Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma

A sarcoma arising from the arterial intima of pulmonary arteries.


Advanced Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

Small cell lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

Pleural malignant mesothelioma that is resistant to treatment.


hemangioma of mediastinum

A hemangioma that arises from the mediastinum. It can be of the capillary or the cavernous type.


Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor with Associated Hematologic Malignancy

An extragonadal non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is associated with a hematologic malignancy.  The hematologic malignancies are clonally related to the malignant germ cell tumor and include acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and mastocytosis.


Stage IB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Chest Wall Fibromatosis

An extraabdominal fibromatosis arising from the soft tissue of the chest wall. It is characterized by the presence of elongated spindle-shaped fibroblasts, collagenous stroma formation, and an infiltrative growth pattern.


Refractory Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Non-small cell lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma

An aggressive, high-grade malignant neoplasm characterized by biallelic inactivation of SMARCA4 gene. It affects adults, usually heavy smokers, and involves the thorax (lung, pulmonary hilum, mediastinum, and/or pleura) with or without chest wall invasion. It is composed of sheets of malignant large round to epithelioid cells. Rhabdoid cells may be present. Increased number of mitoses and necrosis are frequently seen. The prognosis is poor.


Thymoma, type B2, malignant

A type B2 thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


choriocarcinoma of mediastinum

An extragonadal malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is composed of syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, and intermediate trophoblasts.  The prognosis is usually poor.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0) and IIB (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Unresectable Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A lung neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


pleural mesothelioma

A neoplasm that arises from the mesothelial cells of the pleura. The primary cause is exposure to asbestos. The major histologic variants are the epithelioid malignant mesothelioma, desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma, and sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma. Patients present with persistent cough and shortness of breath.


benign neoplasm of sternum

A benign neoplasm that involves the sternum.


An intrathoracic sympathetic paraganglioma arising from paravertebral paraganglia.  In functional tumors, the hypersecretion of catecholamines results in hypertension.


Childhood Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

A rare non-small cell carcinoma of the lung that occurs during childhood.


Locally Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IIB Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pleural Calcifying Fibrous Tumor

A rare, benign, well-circumscribed lesion arising from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of fibroblasts, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, collagenous stroma formation, and dystrophic calcifications. Patients may present with chest pain, dyspnea, cough, or may be asymptomatic.


neoplasm of epicardium

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the epicardium.


Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lung

A carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland and has spread to the lungs.


Thymic Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A primary thymic adenocarcinoma that does not conform to either low-grade papillary adenocarcinoma or enteric-type adenocarcinoma.


Lung Myoepithelioma

A very rare benign lung tumor with myoepithelial differentiation.


Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of pleural malignant mesothelioma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Mediastinal/Thymic NUT Carcinoma

A highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma that arises from the mediastinum/thymus. It is characterized by mutations and rearrangement of the NUT gene.


Stage IV Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis present. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Combined Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm

A primary thymic epithelial neoplasm, characterized by the presence of at least two distinct areas, one representing a thymoma and the other a carcinoma.  The most aggressive component usually determines the clinical outcome.


Cardiac Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma

An extraskeletal osteosarcoma that arises from the heart. It produces osteoid and bone, and occasionally shows chondroblastic differentiation.


Refractory Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Squamous Lung Dysplasia

A term referring to neoplastic changes in the bronchial epithelium manifested as dysplasia.


benign neoplasm of mediastinum

A benign neoplasm that involves the mediastinum.


Thymic Enteric-Type Adenocarcinoma

A primary thymic adenocarcinoma characterized by morphological and immunohistochemical features seen in colorectal adenocarcinoma.


Stage I Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma

A rare benign neoplasm of the endocardium.  The vast majority of cases arise in the heart valves.  Histopathologic examination reveals a papilloma lined by endothelial cells with a central avascular core which contains fibroblasts and elastic fibers. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with ischemic or embolic events.


Refractory Malignant Thymoma

Malignant thymoma that does not respond to treatment.


thymus lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises from the thymus. Representative examples include mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IVa

The tumor shows metastasis throughout the pleural and/or pericardial spaces.


heart leiomyosarcoma

An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the heart. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


Occult Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

A non-small cell lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only.  The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


Stage IIIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma with Pleural Effusion AJCC v7

Stage IIIB small cell lung carcinoma that has spread to the pleural fluid.


Malignant Mediastinal Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

An extragonadal nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum.  This category includes embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and mixed germ cell tumors.