lithocholate 6beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + lithocholate + NADPH + O2 = 6-beta-hydroxylithocholate + H2O + NADP+.


perithecium formation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process of producing flask-shaped fruiting bodies, called perithecia. In the ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora, these perithecia are formed in the sexual phase and they discharge ascospores through the ostiolum at the tip of the perithecial neck.


secondary active cyanate transmembrane transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of cyanate from one side of a membrane to the other.


N-acetylcitrulline deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-citrulline + H2O = citrulline + acetate.


negative regulation of hemocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2) and (1->3) linkages in mannan, releasing mannose.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.


thiocyanate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiocyanate, any anion of thiocyanic acid.


sesquisabinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> diphosphoric acid + sesquisabinene.


post-embryonic anal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


regulation of inhibin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.


regulation of action potential firing pattern

Any process that regulates the temporal pattern of a sequence of action potentials in a neuron.


proteinase-activated receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by a serine protease, exposing a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.


negative regulation of lactose biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.


low-affinity nitrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitrate ions (NO3-) from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


establishment of glial blood-brain barrier

Establishment of the glial barrier between the blood and the brain. The glial cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.


larval turning behavior

Fine-tuning the spatial position of a larva in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of a larva in the direction of a food source.


positive regulation of L-tyrosine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import into the cell.


high-affinity L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


migration in host

The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glucarate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.


cyanamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanamide, NCNH2, a cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.


recruitment of helicase-primase complex to DNA lesions

The recruitment of the helicase-primase complex to viral DNA lesions during viral DNA repair.


syringal lignin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of syringal lignin.


negative regulation of gonad development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.


activating MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.


gastric inhibitory peptide receptor activity

Combining with gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host autophagy

Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


brown fat cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of brown fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A brown fat cell is a fat cell found the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in newborns of many species.


Pup transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of Pup from one protein to another via the reaction X-Pup + Y = Y-Pup + X, where both X-Pup and Y-Pup are covalent linkages.


acetylenecarboxylate hydratase activity, producing 3-oxopropanoate

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate = propynoate + H2O.


Golgi vesicle uncoating

The process in which Golgi vesicle coat proteins are depolymerized, and released for reuse.


fruit abscission

The controlled shedding of a fruit.


sphingolipid delta-8 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the formation of a double bond between C8 and C9 of the long chain base of a sphingolipid. For example, sphinganine (d18:0) = 8-sphingenine (d18:1delta8); phytosphinganine (t18:0) = 8-phytosphingenine (t18:1delta8); and 4-sphingenine (18:1delta4) = 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2delta4,8).


pyloric canal smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the distal part of the pylorus between the pyloric antrum and the pyloric sphincter.


GTP cyclohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the imidazole ring of GTP, releasing formate. Two C-N bonds are hydrolyzed and the pentase unit is isomerized.


perception of rate of movement

The series of events by which an organism senses the speed and direction of movement of the body and its parts.


cellular response to putrescine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a putrescine stimulus.


intermediate filament depolymerization

Disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of component monomers from a filament.


negative regulation of signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.


masculinization of hermaphrodite soma

Promotion of male sex and sexual phenotypes in the hermaphroditic nematode soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


(Z)-gamma-bisabolene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (Z)-gamma-bisabolene + diphosphate.


D-pinitol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5D-5-O-methyl-chiro-inositol + NADP+ = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H+ + NADPH.


starch alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: starch + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.


alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] + a primary alcohol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + an aldehyde + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol = 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + H2O.


negative regulation of acylglycerol transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.


centripetally migrating follicle cell migration

The cell migration process in which a follicle cell migrates as part of an epithelial sheet between the nurse cells and the oocyte. At the end of migration, they cover the anterior of the oocyte.


transport-coupled glycolytic process through glucose-6-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, in which the glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate intermediate coupled to transmembrane transport.


lymphatic vascular process in circulatory system

A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the lymphatic vasculature.


xanthophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a xanthophore cell. Xanthophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or xanthosomes. This makes them yellow to orange in appearance.


carnosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + carnosine.


tyramine receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine tyramine to initiate a change in cell activity. Tyramine is a sympathomimetic amine derived from tyrosine with an action resembling that of epinephrine.


negative regulation of deacetylase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity.


trinitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene molecule with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.


positive regulation of epinephrine secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.


glutathionylspermidine amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + H2O = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine.


stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the fundus of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch.


interleukin-28A production

The appearance of interleukin-28A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of neurotrophin production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.


type IV pilus assembly

The assembly from its constituent parts of a type IV pilus.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a tetrahydromethanopterin.


interleukin-18 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-18 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


R7 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R7 photoreceptor.


response to oxidopamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidopamine stimulus.


connective tissue growth factor production

The appearance of connective tissue growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


endosulfan diol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan diol = endosulfan hydroxyether + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


cellular response to lectin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lectin stimulus. A lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein, highly specific for binding sugar moieties.


flower calyx development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower calyx over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


inferior salivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


metanephric cap formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric cap from unspecified parts. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


positive regulation of granuloma formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.


granzyme B localization to T cell secretory granule

Any process in which the protease granzyme B is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


prevention of polyspermy during double fertilization

The regulation of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm process that ensures that only a single sperm cell fertilizes one egg cell and another single sperm cell fertilizes one central cell.


atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of an atrial cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


3-cyano-L-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-cyano-L-alanine.


kaempferol 3-rhamnoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol-3-rhamnoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> kaempferol-3-rhamnoside-7-rhamnoside + UDP.


2-carene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate <=> (+)-2-carene + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + L-glutamate.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 11-deoxycorticosterone = 20-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-al.


positive regulation of estrone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.


regulation of kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tge kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


stress response to zinc ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a zinc ion stimulus.


peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation to form L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid; catalyzed by peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase (EC:1.14.11.16).


histone H4K20 monomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl20-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl20-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 20 of histone H4, producing histone H4K20me.


culmination involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the culminant over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Culmination begins with a morphogenetic change of the finger-like or migratory slug giving rise to an organized structure containing a stalk and a sorus. This process is the final stage of sorocarp development.


synaptic signaling via neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by a peptide.


ATPase-coupled carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + carboxylic acid(in/out).


glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->3)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen = UDP + 1,2-D-glucosyl-5-D-(galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen.


negative regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside)-1D-myo-inositol + L-cysteine + ATP = 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+. 1-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside)-1D-myo-inositol is also known as glucosaminyl-inositol or GlcN-Ins, and 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as desacetylmycothiol or Cys-GlcN-Ins.


cytoneme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a cytoneme are shaped. A cytoneme is a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.


tatiopterin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tatiopterin.


negative regulation of cellular response to alcohol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + a malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = a 3-oxodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CoA + CO2.


thymidylate synthase (FAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP + NADPH + H+ = dTMP + tetrahydrofolate + NADP+.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


cellular response to sodium phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.


cell wall integrity MAPK cascade

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A MAPK cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine

The process in which the release of epinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


embryonic heart tube formation via epithelial folding

The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis.


adhesin autotransporter activity

Enables the transfer of adhesin from the periplasm to the external milieu; the adhesin and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.


positive regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.


2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + ATP = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition or modulates the distribution of coloring matter in an organism.


isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.


positive regulation of small intestinal transit

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of any small intestinal transit process, the migration of ingested material along the length of the small intestine.


memory T cell extravasation

The migration of a memory T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A memory T cell is a distinctly differentiated long-lived T cell that has the phenotype CD45RO-positive and CD127-positive.


regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


nucleologenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.


Hulle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Hulle cells over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.


ta-siRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA). ta-siRNAs function like miRNAs to guide cleavage of target mRNAs.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host cGAS-STING signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupt a cGAS/STING signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


endothelial stalk cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial stalk cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. An endothelial stalk cell is a specialized endothelial cell which follows behind the tip cell of an angiogenic sprout.


radial glial cell fate commitment in forebrain

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a radial glial cell in the forebrain.


UTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + H2O = UMP + H+ + diphosphate.


hydroperoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 RSH + ROOH = RSSR + ROH + H2O. This reaction is the thiol-dependent conversion of an organic hydroperoxide to the corresponding alcohol.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the dorsal ventral patterning of the spinal cord.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


The 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation of a lysine residue in a protein.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung induction

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands resulting in the formation of the lung bud along the lateral-esophageal sulcus.


double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

Fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


protein localization to mitotic spindle midzone

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle midzone.


ABC-type ferric-enterobactin transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ferric-enterobactin(out) = ADP + phosphate + ferric-enterobactin(in).


nitrite efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitrite from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


thylakoid membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the thylakoid membrane.


cellular response to phenylpropanoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylpropanoid stimulus.


cephalosporin C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cephalosporin C.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate + L-cysteine = CMP + diphosphate + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine. Cysteine can be replaced by some of its derivatives.


regulation of primary heart field cardioblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the primary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.


methyl/ethyl malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H+ = CO2 + propanoyl-CoA or (2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA + H+ = butanoyl-CoA + CO2.


vacuole inheritance

The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton.


methane monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methane + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = methanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


lateral semicircular canal development

The progession of the lateral semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


L-tyrosine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-tyrosine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-tyrosine is 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


cellular response to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.


mechanosensitive monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.


phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase (N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + O2 + an N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate <=> L-tyrosine + a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate-4a-carbinolamine.


putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine.


naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA succinyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + CoASH = 2-naphthoyl-CoA + succinyl-CoA.


lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus

The movement of a lymphoid lineage cell (also called a lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell) into the thymus. Lymphoid lineage cells enter and exit the thymus several times as part of this process.


positive regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.


cellular response to sulfate starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfate.


response to antimycin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus.


adhesion of symbiont hyphopodium to host

The attachment of a hyphopodium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted contributing to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


negative regulation of ductus arteriosus closure

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.


macrophage tolerance induction

A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in macrophages.


glycol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


programmed cell death

A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.


envenomation resulting in fibrinolysis in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinolysis, a process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


mitochondrial outer membrane fusion

The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial outer membranes to form a single membrane.


fructose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + NADPH.


imaginal disc-derived appendage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation in the imaginal disc to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.


rhamnulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-rhamnulose = ADP + L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate.


lead ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lead (Pb) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + taurine = L-alanine + sulfoacetaldehyde.


cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide destined to form part of a cell wall.


positive regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.


uracil salvage

Any process that generates uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphoethanolamine = acetaldehyde + NH4 + phosphate.


perturbation of host MAPK signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 18-methylnonadec-1-ene.


somatic diversification of DSCAM-based immune receptors

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the DSCAM-based immune receptors of insects.


glial cell migration in posterior lateral line nerve

The movement of a glial cell along the axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


locus ceruleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the locus ceruleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.


negative regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in bone marrow.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + long chain polyphosphate = glucose-6-phosphate + long chain polyphosphate.


aerobic respiration, using ferrous ions as electron donor

The metabolic process in which ferrous ions (Fe2+) are oxidized to ferric ions (Fe3+) to generate energy, coupled to the reduction of carbon dioxide.


methylsilanetriol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylsilanetriol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + hydroxymethylsilanetriol.


undecaprenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + undecaprenol = ADP + undecaprenyl phosphate.


compound eye pigment cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye pigment cell, a cell of the retina containing screening pigments that functions to screen photoreceptors from light leaking from adjacent ommatidia.


bicyclomycin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bicyclomycin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicyclomycin (or bicozamycin) is an antibacterial drug often used as a livestock feed additive.


type I hypersensitivity mediated by mast cells

An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


suppression by virus of host cell lysis in response to superinfection

The prevention or delay of host cell lysis by a pre-existing virus in response to a subsequent infection of the host cell by second virus.


single-species biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


histone H2AT120 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-threonine (position 120) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphothreonine (position 120) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 120 of histone H2A.


calcineurin-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a transcription factor as a consequence of dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The process begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin is a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase with a conserved function in eukaryotic species from yeast to humans. In yeast and fungi, calcineurin regulates stress signaling and cell cycle, and sporulation and virulence in pathogenic fungi. In metazoans, calcineurin is involved in cell commitment, organogenesis and organ development and immune function of T-lymphocytes. By a conserved mechanism, calcineurin phosphatase activates fungal Crz1 and mammalian NFATc by dephosphorylation and translocation of these transcription factors to the nucleus to regulate gene expression.


branching involved in submandibular gland morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the submandibular gland is generated and organized.


regulation of transformation of host cell by virus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.


proline catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.


membrane repolarization during SA node cell action potential

The process in which an SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


vibriobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae.


regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


m-cresol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol. Used to produce agricultural chemicals, and in specialty resins, pharmaceuticals and pressure-sensitive dyes.


histone H3K27 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 27).


regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


single-species submerged biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + cobalt-precorrin 6B = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 7.


Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate,3'-diphosphate + phosphate.


negative regulation of maternal process involved in parturition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.


posterior lateral line nerve glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyjasmonate + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = a hydroxyjasmonate sulfate + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate.


cell-cell adhesion involved in sealing an epithelial fold

The attachment of one cell to another cell along the edges of two epithelial folds, giving rise to the lumen of an epithelial tube.


cellular component organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


protein localization to tricellular tight junction

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a tricellular tight junction.


Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylethanolamine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


imaginal disc fusion, thorax closure

The joining of the parts of the wing imaginal discs, giving rise to the adult thorax.


soyasapogenol E UDP-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + soyasapogenol E <=> UDP + a soyasapogenol E monoglucoside.


cotyledon boundary formation

The process in which boundaries between a cotyledon and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained.


cardioblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cardioblasts, resulting in the expansion of the population in the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


iron-sulfur transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a iron-sulfur cluster from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


regulation of nerve growth factor production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of nerve growth factor (NGF).


aryl-aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + O2 + H2O = an aromatic acid + hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP+ = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH.


cellular response to codeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a codeine stimulus.


tensidol B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol B.


internode patterning

Determines the spacing between two shoot nodes. A shoot node is the region of the shoot where the spikelet, flower, floret, branch, bud and/or leaves are attached.


aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylalanine and tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate prephenate.


chondroitin B lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dermatan sulfate = n 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of dermatan sulfate containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucurosonyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups to yield a 4,5-unsaturated dermatan-sulfate disaccharide (DeltaUA-GalNAC-4S). Chondroitin sulfate B is also known as dermatan sulfate.


akinete formation

The process in which an akinete, a thick-walled (encysted) dormant cell derived from the enlargement of a vegetative cell, is formed. Akinetes typically have granular cytoplasm, are more resistant to environmental extremes than vegetative cells, and are characteristic of several groups of Cyanobacteria.


telomerase catalytic core complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomerase catalytic core complex.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.


colnelenate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (10E,12Z,15Z)-9-hydroperoxyoctadeca-10,12,15-trienoate <=> colnelenate + H2O.


lombricine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + lombricine = ADP + N-phospholombricine.


regulation of proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism

Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


endothelial tube formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endothelial tube.


pyridoxamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


taxoid 14-beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 10beta,14beta-dihydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + NADP+ + H2O.


sinapate 1-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + sinapate = UDP + 1-sinapoyl-D-glucose.


keratinocyte activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a keratinocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. Upon activation, keratinocytes become migratory and hyperproliferative, and produce growth factors and cytokines.


branched 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a branched [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


regulation of conidiophore development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxymellein + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 6-methoxymellein + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


basophil homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of basophils such that the total number of basophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


cell junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a cell junction into its constituent components.


regulation of transferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + heparan alpha-D-glucosaminide = CoA + heparan N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide.


6-oxocampestanol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 6-oxocampestanol + O2 + NADPH = cathasterone + H2O + NADP.


cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = cis-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an epithelial cell of the salivary gland.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-sulfoquinovose + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol + UDP.


regulation of oogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


9-cis-10'-apo-beta-carotenal cleavage oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-cis-10'-apo-beta-carotenal + 2 O2 <=> carlactone + (2E,4E,6E)-7-hydroxy-4-methylhepta-2,4,6-trienal.


negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the presynaptic cytosol.


regulation of aspartate secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aspartate secretion.


lysine-tRNA(Pyl) ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Pyl) + L-lysine + ATP = L-lysyl-tRNA(Pyl) + diphosphate + AMP.


secondary-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: secondary alcohol + O2 = H2O2 + ketone.


protein-phosphocysteine-mannitol phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + mannitol(out) = protein cysteine + mannitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


ATP phosphoribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + diphosphate = ATP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


positive regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance

Any process the increases the rate, frequency or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.


negative regulation of phospholipid transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.


peptidyl-isoleucine modification

The modification of peptidyl-isoleucine.


dTDP-rhamnose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


lyso-ornithine lipid acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lyso-ornithine lipid + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein].


maintenance of protease location in T cell secretory granule

A process in which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


Purkinje myocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle.


interleukin-32 production

The appearance of interleukin-32 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


costunolide 3beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: costunolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 3beta-hydroxycostunolide + NADP + H2O.


interleukin-17A receptor activity

Combining with the cytokine interleukin-17A and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.


basophil mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a basophil.


Catalysis of the reaction: biochanin-A + malonyl-CoA = 6'-malonyl-biochanin A + CoA.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminides.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-beta-4-D-glucose + H2O <=> H+ + indole-3-acetate + beta-D-glucose.


fructosamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


carbon tetrachloride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.


regulation of Golgi lumen acidification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-beta-ethynylserine. L-beta-ethynylserine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria.


formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ferricytochrome b1 = CO2 + ferrocytochrome b1.


FAD-dependent histone H3K9me/H3K9me2 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidation reaction.


histidine phosphotransfer kinase activity

Serves as a phospho-His intermediate enabling the transfer of phospho group between a hybrid kinase and a response regulator.


vestibulocochlear nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


hyaloid vascular plexus regression

The developmental process in which the hyaloid vascular plexus is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.


paternal behavior

Male behaviors associated with the care and rearing offspring.


catalytic activity, acting on DNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA.


dihydrocamalexic acid decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrocamalexic acid = camalexin + CO2 + H+.


siroheme metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.


positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.


urotensin II receptor activity

Combining with urotensin II to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalyzes the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine. The enzyme, found in animals and insects, is involved in the biosynthesis of the alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)- beta-D-glucosyl trisaccharide on epidermal growth factor-like (EGF- like) domains.


The monomethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N-methyl-L-alanine.


paclitaxel biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paclitaxel, a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia.


manchette assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a manchette.


convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis

Any convergent extension that is involved in rhombomere morphogenesis.


epinephrine-mediated vasodilation

A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form pros-methylhistidine

The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).


organ boundary specification between lateral organs and the meristem

The process in which boundaries between lateral organs and the meristem is established and maintained.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6AS,11AS)-3,6A,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + dimethylallyl-pyrophosphate = glyceollin + diphosphate.


G-quadruplex DNA formation

A DNA metabolic process that results in the formation of G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad or G-quartet. The stacking of several layers of G-quartets forms G-quadruplexes, in which one or more DNA single strands are assembled in parallel and/or antiparallel, with interactions that can be either intra- or intermolecular in nature.


mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureter, that contributes to ureter development.


amorpha-4,11-diene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = amorpha-4,11-diene + diphosphate.


TNFSF11 receptor activity

Combining with a tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate a change in cell activity or function.


lateral pseudopodium retraction

The myosin-based contraction and retraction of a lateral pseudopodium.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoliquiritigenin = 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to dephosphorylation of one of its constituent parts.


clearance of cells from fusion plate by epithelial to mesenchymal transition

The process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by effectively removing epithelial cells from the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals.


caffeate O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate.


7,8-dihydromonapterin aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin <=> glycolaldehyde + 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-4-ol.


mitochondrial unfolded protein response

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix; results in transcriptional upregulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial stress proteins.


response to perphenazine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a perphenazine stimulus. Perphenazine is a phenothiazine derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the N-10 position.


ligamentous ossification

Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue.


negative regulation of behavioral fear response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response.


dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process

The elongation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of dermatan sulfate.


CUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUG codon.


regulation of R7 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation.


casbene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = casbene + diphosphate.


anaerobic pectin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, in the absence of oxygen.


dihydroneopterin triphosphate 2'-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin triphosphate = dihydromonapterin-triphosphate.


benzil reductase [(S)-benzoin-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-benzoin + NADP(3-) <=> benzil + NADPH(4-) + H+.


(+)-kotanin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-kotanin.


protein localization to ciliary transition zone

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary transition zone.


aerobactin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N2-citryl-N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine + N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine = aerobactin + AMP + diphosphate + H+.


beta-pinacene synthase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) to yield the monocyclic diterpene beta-pinacene.


benzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzoyl-4-hydroxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = N-benzoyl-4-methoxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


P-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the phosphorus atom of an acceptor molecule.


methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2O + methylamine + 2 oxidized [amicyanin] = formaldehyde + 2 H+ + NH4+ + 2 reduced [amicyanin].


positive regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.


funalenone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving funalenone.


L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD+ = L-ribulose + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine + H2O <=> 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranose + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate = 2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-diene-1,9-dioate.


ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler activity

An activity, driven by ATP hydrolysis, that modulates the contacts between histones and DNA, resulting in a change in chromosome architecture within the nucleosomal array, leading to chromatin remodeling.


negative regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


proteolysis within lysosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by lysosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


termination of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The signaling process in which G protein-coupled receptor signaling is brought to an end. For example, through the action of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that act to accelerate hydrolysis of GTP to GDP on G-alpha proteins, thereby terminating the transduced signal.


thymic stromal lymphopoietin production

The appearance of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acid-sensing ion channel activity.


cellular response to interleukin-21

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.


amino acid:potassium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + K+(out) = amino acid(in) + K+(in).


negative regulation of endosperm development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development.


dimethylglycine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylglycine + electron-transfer flavoprotein + H2O = sarcosine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.


border follicle cell migration

The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


aerial mycelium formation

The process by which hyphae grow in an upward or outward direction from the surface of the substrate; from there, propagative spores develop in or on characteristic structures that are distinctive of some fungal and bacterial species. The species that form an aerial mycelium develop conidiophores at the ends of the aerial hyphae.


U11 snRNA binding

Binding to a U11 small nuclear RNA (U11 snRNA).


cystathionine beta-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cystathionine + H2O = L-homocysteine + NH3 + pyruvate.


endothelin receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

An endothelin receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


1,2,3-tribromopropane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,3-tribromopropane, a toxic and volatile organic compound commonly used as a nematocide in agriculture.


malonyl-CoA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a malonyl-[acp] = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a malonyl-[acp] methyl ester.


mannuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NAD(P)+ = D-mannuronate + NAD(P)H + H+.


peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity

An endopeptidase activity that uses peptidoglycan as a substrate.


regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.


protein catabolic process at postsynapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a postsynapse.


imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying.


suramin binding

Binding to suramin, a naphthalenesulfonic acid compound which is used in the treatment of diseases caused by trypanosomes and worms.


mesonephric nephron tubule development

The progression of a mesonephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros.


ABC-type D-methionine transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-methionine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + D-methionine(in/out).


glycolytic process from fructose through fructose-6-phosphate

The glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate in which fructose is catabolized into pyruvate.


negative regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.


positive phototaxis

The directed movement of a cell or organism towards a source of light.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to deoxyribose.


oxaloacetate tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate = <stereo>enol</stereo>-oxaloacetate.


tetracyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.


Catalysis of the reaction: homotaurine + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) <=> 3-sulfopropanal + L-glutamate(1-).


cis-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a cis-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.


epidermal growth factor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide.


heparin-sulfate lyase activity

Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate; appears to act on linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and uronate. Product is an unsaturated sugar.


alginic acid acetylation

The addition of O-acetyl ester groups to alginic acid, a linear polymer of D-mannuronate and L-guluronate.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxylate + CoASH = cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA + OH-.


ABC-type protein transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein(out) = ADP + phosphate + protein(in).


positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


mannitol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NAD+ = D-mannose + H+ + NADH.


acetylglutamate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-phosphate.


translation at synapse

Translation that occurs at the synapse.


rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. A number of structurally distinct di- and oligosaccharides can be attached to the C-3 and C-2 of the backbone, respectively.


U6atac snRNA binding

Binding to a U6atac small nuclear RNA (U6atac snRNA).


5-aminopentanamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminopentanamide + H2O = 5-aminopentanoate + NH3.


regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.


Lewis a epitope biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a Lewis a epitope, a trisaccharide (Fuc-alpha-(1->4)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]GlcNAc) characteristic of plant protein N-linked oligosaccharides.


menthol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-delta-4,5-steroid + NADPH + H+ = a 5-beta-3-oxo-steroid + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-proline + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-proline + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


disruption of host antimicrobial peptide activity

Any process in which a symbiont interferes with a host antimicrobial peptide, for example by cleavage or degredation.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: norepinephrine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = norepinephrine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


IgD binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of a D isotype.


L-diaminopimelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-diaminopimelate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-diaminopimelate is the L-enantiomer anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid.


osmoregulated periplasmic glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycyrrhizate + H2O = 2-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-D-glucuronate + glycyrrhetinate.


detection of high humidity stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a high humidity stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal as a part of the sensory detection of high humidity.


L-threonine catabolic process to D-lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L- threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound methylglyoxal, which is subsequently converted to D-lactate.


carbapenem metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbapenem.


phytosteroid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.


cell projection organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.


positive regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.


regulation of eosinophil extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


axial mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


glyoxylate reductase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NADH.


ureter part of ureteric bud development

The development of the portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter.


rhombomere 1 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 1 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


detection of auxin stimulus

The series of events in which an auxin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


positive regulation of R7 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2,3-dimethyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol + H+.


gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


L-xylitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and is used as a noncariogenic sweetner and as a sugar substitute in diabetic diets.


D-cysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H2O.


negative regulation of oligopeptide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport.


vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the endoplasmic reticulum.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + tomatidine = UDP + O-glucosyl-tomatidine.


negative regulation of platelet rolling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling.


tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system

The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


acetanilide 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + acetamide.


1-acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-oleoylglycerone 3-phosphate + NADPH + H+ = 1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + NADP.


regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.


negative regulation of glucosylceramidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.


SOS response

An error-prone process for repairing damaged microbial DNA.


establishment of natural killer cell polarity

The directed orientation of natural killer cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with a cell displaying natural killer cell activating ligands.


anaerobic gallate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the absence of oxygen.


levansucrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 2,6-beta-D-fructosyl(n) = glucose + 2,6-beta-D-fructosyl(n+1).


11-deoxycorticosterone binding

Binding to 11-deoxycorticosterone.


3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + OH-acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = NADH + H+ + B-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


glycerol ether catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


chorion-containing eggshell formation

The construction of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + D-glutamate.


ethanolamine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine = acetaldehyde + NH3.


alpha-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


response to etoposide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an etoposide stimulus.


detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies.


capsanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsanthin.


regulation of muscle filament sliding involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.


The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 deisopropylatrazine + O2 = 2 acetaldehyde + 2 deisopropyldeethylatrazine.


cyclohexanone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + cyclohexanone = AH(2) + cyclohex-2-enone.


Catalysis of the reaction: wogonin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


5-aminosalicylate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminosalicylate + O2 = cis-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate.


reduced coenzyme F420:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = NADPH + H+ + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.


sinapate ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


spermidine:sinapoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


CUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUA codon.


telophase

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


L-rhamnose mutarotase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-rhamnose = beta-L-rhamnose.


The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


response to interleukin-21

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.


long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a long-chain acyl-CoA = a long-chain carboxylate + CoA. A long chain is a chain of greater than 12 carbons in length.


cellular response to silver ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is the second of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).


cellular response to rapamycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.


2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


lipoarabinomannan binding

Binding to lipoarabinomannan.


xanthosine nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine.


psilocybin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of psilocybin, a psychotropic tryptamine-derived natural product.


regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation.


smooth muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of its smooth muscle cells without cell division. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development, and can also occur in mature structures on demand. In the uterus, smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->1) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


positive regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


tetracycline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tetracycline from one side of a membrane to the other. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a microglial cell.


histone H4K12 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


argininosuccinate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(L-arginino)succinate = fumarate + L-arginine.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + H2O + pyruvate = a ubiquinol + acetate + CO2.


aminoacyl-tRNA metabolism involved in translational fidelity

Any process which detects an amino-acid acetylated tRNA is charged with the correct amino acid, or removes incorrect amino acids from a charged tRNA. This process can be performed by tRNA synthases, or by subsequent reactions after tRNA aminoacylation.


sinoatrial valve development

The progression of the sinoatrial valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


creatininase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: creatinine + H2O = creatine.


non-myelinated axon ensheathment

The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane closes around an axon.


gibberellin A25 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A25 + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) + O2 <=> gibberellin A46 + succinate(2-) + carbon dioxide.


ecdysone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development.


positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in egg activation

The process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol after fertilization or the physiological activation of an egg.


CAM photosynthesis

The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to make malic acid. The malic acid is then passed into the vacuole where it is stored until daylight, when it is shuttled back out to be used as a substrate in the light reaction of photosynthesis.


zeaxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of zeaxanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacylglycerol + UDP-D-glucose = 3-D-glucosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol + UDP.


ATPase-coupled antimonite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + antimonite(in) = ADP + phosphate + antimonite(out).


suppression by virus of host natural killer cell activation

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation in the host.


posterior compartment specification

The process involved in the specification of cell identity in the posterior compartments of the segmented embryo.


clathrin-mediated membrane bending

A membrane bending process mediated by clathrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)phenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = hydroquinone + 3,6-dimethylheptan-3-ol.


hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD+.


regulation of defecation rhythm

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.


protein localization to phagocytic vesicle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a phagocytic vesicle.


positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


haustorium mother cell formation

The process in which a symbiont cell is formed, separated from the tip of an infection hypha by a septum. The haustorium mother cell usually contains 2-4 fungal nuclei, and its function is to attach and penetrate the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


non-phosphorylated glucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.


nitrobenzene nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrobenzene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = hydroxyaminobenzene + 2 NADP+ + H2O.


inositol 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myo-inositol = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate.


thienylcyclohexylpiperidine binding

Binding to thienylcyclohexylpiperidine.


negative regulation of distal tip cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


24-epi-campsterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-epi-campesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> brassicasterol + NADP + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17(E)-cheilanthenediol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


beta-carotene isomerase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: all-trans-beta-carotene = 9-cis-beta-carotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O = formate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


penetration peg formation

The assembly by the symbiont of a peg-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism, which penetrates through the host cuticle and epidermal cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfate; results in 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid residues in heparan sulfate.


trypanothione-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trypanothione = NADPH + H+ + trypanothione disulfide.


maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


gamma-linolenate elongase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + H+ = (8Z,11Z,14Z)-3-oxoicosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA + coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.


(+)-kotanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-kotanin.


FAD transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) from one side of a membrane to the other. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.


alcohol O-cinnamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose = beta-D-glucose + alkyl cinnamate.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an AV node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


wall teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


trisporic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trisporic acid.


abscisic aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = abscisate + H2O2 + H+.


nicotinic acid receptor activity

Combining with nicotinic acid to initiate a change in cell activity.


choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + choline = acetylcholine + CoA.


kaempferol 3-sophoroside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyl(1->2)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


GA5 2,3 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A5 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A6 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


sepiapterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sepiapterin + H2O = xanthopterin-B2 + NH3.


2-methylisocitrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H2O.


positive regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 3-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 3-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.


detection of brassinosteroid stimulus

The series of events in which a brassinosteroid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


naphthalene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphthalene.


dimethylsilanediol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol.


renal potassium excretion

The elimination of potassium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


3'-tRNA processing endoribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing extra 3' nucleotides from tRNA precursor, generating 3' termini of tRNAs. A 3'-hydroxy group is left at the tRNA terminus and a 5'-phosphoryl group is left at the trailer molecule.


C-terminal protein demethylation

The removal of a methyl group from the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


homoglutathione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanine + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


thalianol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the triterpene thalianol.


exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


catalytic activity, acting on a glycoprotein

Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures in which one of the substrates is a glycoprotein.


L-glycol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-glycol + NAD(P)+ = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: indol-3-ylmethylamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


snRNA localization to Cajal body

The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid, to a Cajal body.


L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.


mitochondrial tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


jasmonyl-Ile conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonyl-Ile + H2O = jasmonic acid + L-isoleucine.


coniferin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + coniferin = D-glucose + coniferol.


L-tryptophan,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)

Catalyzes the multi-step reaction: L-Tryptophan + 2 Oxygen + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime + 3 H2O + 2 NADP+ + CO2. The individual reactions are: (1a) L-tryptophan + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O,(1b) N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N,N-dihydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O, and (1c) N,N-dihydroxy-L-tryptophan = (E)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime + CO2 + H2O.