import into cell

The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.


nerve growth factor receptor binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a nerve growth factor receptor.


bullous pemphigoid

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common form of autoimmune bullous dermatosis.


negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process.


integrin complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.


Surgical Wound Infection

An infection that occurs at a surgical site within 30 days after an operation.


phosphoserine residue binding

Binding to a phosphorylated serine residue within a protein.


Acetyldigitoxin

A cardenolide glycoside compound consisting of digitoxin having an acetyl substituent at the 3-position on the D-ribo-hexopyranosyl residue at the non-reducing end.


strand of hair

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A filament, mostly protein, that grows from follicles found in the dermis[WP].


Gastrointestinal inflammation

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Inflammation of the alimentary part of the gastrointestinal system.


Acetylcysteine

An  N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.


negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.


regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.


ribonuclease P activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 5' extra nucleotides from tRNA precursor.


regulation of mast cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.


negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


centrosome localization

Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


locus ceruleus

The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID].


ventricular system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus.


tetrahydrofolate interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules.


Benzyl Alcohol

An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.


sodium ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


genomic imprinting

The establishment of epigenetic modifications (imprints) during gametogenesis, and propagation of these imprints during the organism's life. Genomic imprinting leads to an asymmetry between the maternal and paternal alleles and differential expression of the corresponding alleles. This can happen through heterochromatin formation or differential chromatin loop formation.


regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


RNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation

Splicing of RNA via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.


activin receptor activity

Combining with activin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Activin is one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta.


interleukin-10 production

The appearance of interleukin-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of behavioral fear response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response.


D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.


mitotic spindle elongation

The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. Mitotic spindle elongation begins during mitotic prophase and ends during mitotic anaphase B.


negative regulation of DNA metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.


3'-5' exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' end.


cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.


Prasugrel

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.


MAP kinase tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.


negative regulation of nucleoside metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.


regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.


neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.


Fatigable weakness

A type of weakness that occurs after a muscle group is used and lessens if the muscle group has some rest. That is, there is diminution of strength with repetitive muscle actions.


epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures

A generalized tonic-clonic seizure.


negative regulation of glomerulus development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.


serotonin syndrome

Serotoninergic syndrome is characterized by an excess of serotonin in the central nervous system, associated with the use of various agents, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).


ATPase complex

A protein complex which is capable of ATPase activity.


negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.


tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex

Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle.


Spontaneous abortion

Fetal loss at less than 20 weeks of gestation.


dendritic cell chemotaxis

The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


endophthalmitis

An infectious process affecting the internal structures of the eye.


secondary metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.


regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.


positive regulation of dendrite development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport.


bisphosphoglycerate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate = 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate.


histone H3 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 = CoA + acetyl-histone H3.


post-embryonic animal organ development

Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase of an animal tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.


error-prone translesion synthesis

The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites.


cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.


Dobutamine

A  catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.


RNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.


microbody

Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a galactosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


telomerase RNA binding

Binding to the telomerase RNA template.


Oxiconazole

An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.


regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.


Precordial pain

A type of chest pain that arises in the or under the left breast and often described as throbbing, stabbing, or burning, and lasting hours or longer. The pain may arise with or after effort, and may spread to the left arm or left side of the neck.


heterochromatin organization

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.


secondary Parkinson disease

A condition with a clinical picture similar to that of Parkinson disease, but which is caused by external factors, including medication.


meiotic gene conversion

The cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele.


muscle tendon junction

A cell-substrate junction found at the terminal anchorage site of skeletal muscle cells to tendons.


hypothalamus development

The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state.


optic choroid

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP].


glossodynia

Painful sensations in the tongue, including a sensation of burning.


channel inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a channel.


Stanozolol

An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.


priapism

Persistent and usually painful erection that lasts for at least four hours in the absence of physical or psychological stimulation, which can be caused by hematologic disorders, including sickle cell disease and leukemia, spinal cord injuries, and medications.


dermatomycosis

Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.


positive regulation of phospholipid metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.


Flucytosine

An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.


social behavior

Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group.


pigment cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.


transcription preinitiation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), required for transcription.


modification by virus of host mRNA processing

Any viral process that interferes with the processing of mRNA in the host cell.


negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


guanylate kinase-associated protein clustering

The clustering process in which guanylate kinase-associated proteins (GKAPs) are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. GKAP facilitates assembly of the post synaptic density of neurons.


very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a very-long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.


actin monomer binding

Binding to monomeric actin, also known as G-actin.


ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals.


Phosphatidylserine

A 3-sn-phosphatidyl L-serine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at both positions 1 and 2 is stearoyl.


regulation of interleukin-3 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.


stereocilia coupling link

A structure involved in coupling stereocilia to one another in sensory hair cells There are four morphologically distinct types: tip links, horizontal top connectors, shaft connectors and ankle links. Tip links and horizontal top connectors are the only inter-stereocilia links associated with mature cochlea, whereas ankle links appear during development of the auditory hair bundle.


protein localization to chromosome

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a specific location on a chromosome.


ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


G-protein beta-subunit binding

Binding to a G-protein beta subunit.


lamin binding

Binding to lamin; any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.


arthropathy

Any disorder of the joints.


ammonium ion metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the ammonium ion.


Streptozocin

An N-nitrosourea that is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals.


dentate gyrus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.


epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an epithelial cell.


intermediate filament-based process

Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.


regulation of protein sumoylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme binding

Binding to a ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme such as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.


C-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


regulation of animal organ formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.


Down syndrome

Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality caused by the presence of a third (partial or total) copy of the chromosome 21 genetic material and that is characterized by variable intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, and joint laxity, often associated with a characteristic facial dysmorphism and various anomalies such as cardiac, gastrointestinal, or endocrine defects.


positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


negative regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation.


regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.


vein

Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart.


Aztreonam

A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.


Catalysis of the reaction: tetradecanoyl-[ACP] + H2O = tetradecanoate + holo-[ACP] + H+.


mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding

Binding to mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to hydroxyl side chains on proteins in response to mitogen activation.


trabecula formation

The process of creating a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.


Carglumic acid

A urea that is the N-carbamoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. An orphan drug used to treat a deficiency in the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase, which leads to acute hyperammonaemia.


3'-5'-DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.


defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.


G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity

Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-acetylpeptide. This reaction is the acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.


cellular response to monoamine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.


knee

A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod.


Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = a nucleoside 5'-phosphate.


negative regulation of nuclear division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.


positive regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport.


hydronephrosis

Collection of urine in the renal pelvis that results in dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces. It is caused by obstruction of urine flow, nephrolithiasis, or vesicoureteral reflux. Signs and symptoms include flank pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and dysuria.


basicranium

The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof.


regulation of response to reactive oxygen species

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.


lung lobe morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.


protein K27-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.


enucleate erythrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


K48-linked deubiquitinase activity

Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys48 residue of ubiquitin.


pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of diseases characterized by mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg and elevated pulmonary arterial resistance leading to right heart failure. PAH is progressive and potentially fatal. PAH may be idiopathic and/ or familial, have overt features of venous/capillary involvement (pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, PVOD/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, PCH), induced by drug or toxin (drug-or toxin-induced PAH), or associated with other diseases like congenital heart disease, connective tissue disease, HIV, schistosomiasis, portal hypertension (PAH associated with other disease).


L-ornithine transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-ornithine across a membrane.


positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.


leukemia

A malignant (clonal) hematologic disorder, involving hematopoietic stem cells and characterized by the presence of primitive or atypical myeloid or lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and the blood. Leukemias are classified as acute or chronic based on the degree of cellular differentiation and the predominant cell type present. Leukemia is usually associated with anemia, fever, hemorrhagic episodes, and splenomegaly. Common leukemias include acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic or precursor lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Treatment is vital to patient survival; untreated, the natural course of acute leukemias is normally measured in weeks or months, while that of chronic leukemias is more often measured in months or years.


Fingolimod

An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.


negative regulation of glomerular filtration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


production of molecular mediator of immune response

The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


p53 binding

Binding to one of the p53 family of proteins.


ER overload response

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.


elastic tissue

Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers.


regulation of tubulin deacetylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation. Tubulin deacetylation is the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid.


Chlorothiazide

4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.


regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.


pituitary gland development

The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding

The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.


blastocyst formation

The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula.


regulation of respiratory burst

Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.


negative regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to interferon-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.


carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carbohydrate from one side of a membrane to the other.


G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


centromere complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere.


regulation of cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell.


regulation of telomeric DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.


purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling

Repair of the gap in the DNA helix by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase after the portion of the strand containing the lesion has been removed by pyrimidine-dimer repair enzymes.


MHC protein complex

A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.


L-methionine salvage from S-adenosylmethionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from S-adenosylmethionine.


regulation of DNA biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.


nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule is synthesized from another nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule.


muscle cell cellular homeostasis

The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state.


Embolism, Amniotic Fluid

Acute hypotension or cardiac arrest, acute hypoxia or coagulopathy in the absence of any other potential explanation related to the presence of amniotic fluid or the fetal debris within the maternal vascular system during the antepartum or intrapartum period.


early phagosome

A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle as initially formed upon the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.


negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.


regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


sebaceous gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sebaceous gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of defense response to bacterium

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.


positive regulation of transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter.


neurotransmitter reuptake

The directed movement of neurotransmitter molecules from the extrasynaptic space into the presynaptic cytosol.


venous thromboembolism

Occlusion of the lumen of a vein by a thrombus that has migrated from a distal site via the blood stream.


positive regulation of cell killing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.


neural plate morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.


sulfide oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of sulfide to elemental sulfur in a higher oxidation state, or to sulfite or sulfate.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


Sertindole

A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.


glomerular epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


nuclear pore inner ring

A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the inner rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup192p, Nup188p, Nup170p and Nup157p. In vertebrates, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup205, Nup188 and Nup155. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup170 complex.


peroxisomal membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome.


regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.


positive regulation of histone acetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.


Serine

The L-enantiomer of serine.


alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.


lichen planus

A chronic, recurrent, pruritic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that affects the skin and mucus membranes. It presents with rashes and papules that tend to resolve spontaneously. It may be associated with hepatitis C. Certain drugs that contain arsenic or bismuth are associated with reactions mimicking lichen planus.


positive regulation of receptor internalization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.


regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


pentosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a pentosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


phosphoprotein binding

Binding to a phosphorylated protein.


regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


regulation of response to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


Post-Nasal Drip

Excessive mucous secretion in the back of the nasal cavity or throat, causing sore throat and/or coughing. It is usually due to allergic rhinitis or a cold.


I-kappaB phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.


calmodulin-activated dual specificity 3',5'-cyclic-GMP, 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+ and 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.


neutrophil degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.


regulation of B cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


cellular component maintenance

The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state.


paraxial mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.


negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.


SWI/SNF complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains 8 to 14 proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of the yeast SNF2 or mammalian SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, or an ortholog thereof.


positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity

Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


FMN binding

Binding to flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


Retarded ejaculation

Difficulty of a male in achieving orgasm.


positive regulation of steroid hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.


autonomic nervous system disorder

A disease involving the autonomic nervous system.


protein autoubiquitination

The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink.


sister chromatid cohesion

The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become tethered to each other.


U7 snRNA binding

Binding to a U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA).


negative regulation of intracellular transport of viral material

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.


sphingoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.


Chlorphenesin

Glycerol in which the hydrogen of one of the primary hydroxy groups is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group. It has antifungal and antibacterial properties, and is used for treatment of cutaneous and vaginal infections. Its 1-carbamate is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant for the treatment of painful muscle spasm.


granulocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.


Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-palmitoylcarnitine.


response to vitamin K

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.


The process in which UDP-N-acetylglucosamine is transported across a membrane.


common cold

An inflammatory process affecting the nasal mucosa, usually caused by viruses (e.g., rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and coronavirus). It is characterized by chills, headaches, mucopurulent nasal discharge, coughing, and facial pain.


Fetal anomaly

Structural or functional abnormalities of the fetus. Note that this section comprises terms that describe abnormalities that are specific to the fetus or differ from the corresponding general terms. A term from anywhere in the Human Phenotype Ontology can be applied to a fetus if appropriate.


acetyltransferase complex

A protein complex which is capable of acetyltransferase activity.


anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the cell body to the presynapse.


protein localization to non-motile cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


clavicle bone

A paired dermal or endochondral bone that is part of the pectoral girdle. The clavicle may be in contact with the interclavicle or coracoid and forms an attachment site for pectoral musculature. [PHENOSCAPE:ad].


MAP kinase phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate.


negative regulation of double-strand break repair

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.


external ear

Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It typically consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO].


Device related infection

An infectious disorder caused by the use of a medical device.


brain edema

Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see hypoxia, brain). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of csf flow (e.g., obstructive hydrocephalus). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)


L-malate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+.


drug dependence

Drug dependence - replaced the term "drug addiction" and is defined as a state, psychic and sometimes also physical, resulting from the interaction between a living organism and a drug, characterized by behavioral and other responses that always include a compulsion to take the drug on a continuous or periodic basis in order to experience its psychic effects, and sometimes to avoid the discomfort of its absence. Tolerance may or may not be present. A person may be dependent on more than one drug.


regulation of translational elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation.


RNA export from nucleus

The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


intestinal perforation

A rupture in the wall of the small or large intestine due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate = pyruvate + CO2.


gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.


eosinophilic cryptitis

Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare inflammatory bladder condition caused by the build up of eosinophils in the bladder. The exact cause of this condition is not known. However, EC has been found in those with allergies and asthma, and in those with a history of bladder trauma or infection, open bladder surgery, or surgery for a bladder tumor. EC has also been found in those who take certain medications.


GTPase activating protein binding

Binding to a GTPase activating protein.


regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion.


glycine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycine from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycine is aminoethanoic acid.


negative regulation of metanephros development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


tripeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a tripeptide.


medulla oblongata development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


Tolnaftate

A monothiocarbamic ester that is the methyl(3-tolyl)carbamothioate ester of 2-naphthol. A synthetic anti-fungal agent used to treat jock itch, athlete's foot and ringworm.


peptidyl-lysine trimethylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.


regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.


positive regulation of endocytic recycling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.


actin cap

Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell. An example of this is the actin cap found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to a beta-2 adrenergic receptor.


negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


iridocyclitis

An inflammation of the iris and the ciliary body


cAMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


programmed DNA elimination by chromosome breakage

Regulated cleavage of the developing macronuclear genome at a limited number of chromosome breakage sites (CBS). The macronuclear destined segment (MDS) sequence adjacent to the CBS (or separated from it by a BES) receives a macronuclear telomere following chromosome breakage.


mitotic spindle assembly

Mitotic bipolar spindle assembly begins with spindle microtubule nucleation from the separated spindle pole body, includes spindle elongation during prometaphase, and is complete when all kinetochores are stably attached the spindle, and the spindle assembly checkpoint is satisfied.


protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane

The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a mitochondrial membrane.


DNA-templated DNA replication

A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.


long QT syndrome

A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (syncope) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are Romano-Ward syndrome (also known as long QT syndrome 1) and Jervell-Lange Nielsen syndrome.


prurigo

A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed)


mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint

A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


regulation of respiratory system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.


negative regulation of phospholipid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.


peroxisome localization

Any process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium

Protection of epithelial surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract from proteolytic and caustic digestive agents.


attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type

A mental disorder characterized by inattention, easy distraction, careless mistakes and avoidance of tasks that require sustained mental focus. These behaviors can lead to maladaptive consequences in the affected individual's life.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)

A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.


NAD-dependent protein deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of one or more acetyl groups from a protein, requiring NAD.


protein modification by small protein removal

A protein modification process in which one or more covalently attached groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein.


regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion.


response to food

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.


oocyte growth

The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.


chondroblast differentiation

The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes.


Isoniazid

A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between pyridine-4-carboxylic acid and hydrazine.


Akathisia

A state of motor restlessness, usually in the lower extremities, that is often but not always accompanied by a subjective sense of inner restlessness, an urge to move, and anxiety or dysphoria.


TOR complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling components including PKB (AKT) or S6K.


cerebrovascular disorder

A disorder resulting from inadequate blood flow in the vessels that supply the brain. Representative examples include cerebrovascular ischemia, cerebral embolism, and cerebral infarction.


axoneme assembly

The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.


Xeroderma

A non-neoplastic disorder characterized by abnormally dry skin.  Causes include vitamin A deficiency, sunlight exposure, medications, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, and hereditary genetic disorders.


regulation of spindle assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.


regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.


trace-amine receptor activity

Combining with a trace amine to initiate a change in cell activity. Trace amines are biogenic amines that are synthesized from aromatic amino acids and are substrates for monoamine oxidase, and are therefore detectable only at trace levels in mammals.


cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


Oxybenzone

A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.


hindgut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized.


protein kinase C binding

Binding to protein kinase C.


Hsp90 protein binding

Binding to Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size.


phospholipase binding

Binding to a phospholipase.


regulation of Schwann cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


protein tyrosine kinase activator activity

Increases the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a tyrosyl phenolic group on a protein.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.


telomere capping

A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins.


Nail Discoloration

A change in the color of the nail.


ureter cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the ureter


positive regulation of neutrophil migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.


ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


mitotic sister chromatid separation

The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.


Pyruvic Acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.


endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella.


positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III.


bronchus morphogenesis

The process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class I

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic and a regulatory subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme, plus one or more adaptor proteins. Class I PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], and are divided into subclasses A and B according to the type of adaptor subunit with which they associate. The class I PI3K subfamily of genes comprises members in vertebrates, worm and fly, but none in yeast.


outer dense fiber

A supramolecular fiber found in the flagella of mammalian sperm that surrounds the nine microtubule doublets. These dense fibers are stiff and noncontractile. In human, they consist of about 10 major and at least 15 minor proteins, where all major proteins are ODF1, ODF2 or ODF2-related proteins.


negative regulation of glial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.


leukorrhea

Whitish or yellowish mucosal vaginal discharge.


inhibitory postsynaptic potential

A process that causes a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


type II interferon receptor activity

Combining with interferon-gamma (a type II interferon) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.


cellular response to interleukin-6

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.


Akinesia

Inability to initiate changes in activity or movement and to perform ordinary volitional movements rapidly and easily.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue in a protein substrate.


Cloxacillin

A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.


positive regulation of mitochondrial translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


protein demannosylation

The removal of one or more mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.


cardiac valve

A membranous fold of the heart that prevents reflux of fluid.


terminal button organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.


CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: X-CoA + H2O = X + CoA; X may be any group.


toxic labyrinthitis

A labyrinthitis induced by alcohol, drug ingestion, or occasionally, inhaled substances that are toxic to the inner ear. Drugs like aminoglycosides, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, acetylsalicyclic acid, amiodarone, quinine, cisplatinum, barbiturates, quinine, anti-Alzheimer's medications, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and anxiolytics can be ototoxic.


response to molecule of fungal origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.


chylomicron remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


Mental Status Change

An alteration in the mental status of an individual.


immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.


histone acetyltransferase binding

Binding to an histone acetyltransferase.


diabetic kidney disease

Progressive kidney disorder caused by vascular damage to the glomerular capillaries, in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is usually manifested with nephritic syndrome and glomerulosclerosis.


developmental growth involved in morphogenesis

The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape.


diacyl lipopeptide binding

Binding to a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.


Vecuronium

A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.


regulation of type 2 immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


nucleotide salvage

Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


Decreased Creatinine Clearance

A laboratory test finding that indicates decreased creatinine clearance.


lactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


negative regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication.


nucleotide transport

The directed movement of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. It is a major structural phospholipid in mammalian systems. It tends to be more abundant than phosphatidylcholine in the internal membranes of the cell and is an abundant component of prokaryotic membranes.


intracerebral hemorrhage

Bleeding into one or both cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. It is often associated with hypertension and craniocerebral trauma.


peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding

Binding to a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, alpha, beta or gamma.


major depressive disorder

An episode of depression lasting two or more weeks without an intervening episode of mania.


regulation of organ growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


G protein-coupled receptor internalization

The process that results in the uptake of a G protein-coupled receptor into an endocytic vesicle.


cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation.


negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.


otic vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


Mesoridazine

A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.


periosteum

The thick fibrous membrane that closely invests the entire surface of a bone except the articular cartilage at synovial joints.


retinal binding

Binding to retinal, one of the forms of vitamin A. Retinal plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates, combining with opsins to form visual pigments in the retina.


galactokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + ATP = alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


polyneuritis

Inflammation of several peripheral nerves.


Eye Irritation

A generic term used to describe sensations that bother the eyes like dryness, itchiness, burning and grittiness.


import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle.


positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.


mast cell migration

The movement of a mast cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


negative regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.


oxidized pyrimidine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal oxidized pyrimidine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves formation of a covalent enzyme-pyrimidine base intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.


positive regulation of interleukin-2 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.


neutrophil extravasation

The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


T cell receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


postsynaptic density assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.


cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of premature (de novo synthesized) cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol), through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate mature cardiolipin containing high-levels of unsaturated fatty acids.


Golgi medial cisterna

The middle Golgi cisterna (or cisternae).


steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


4-hydroxyproline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls.


regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


cell-cell signaling involved in kidney development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


mitotic spindle midzone assembly

The cell cycle process in which the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components forms the spindle midzone.


Elevated circulating alanine aminotransferase concentration

An abnormally high concentration in the circulation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).


IMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate.


tetrapyrrole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


skeletal muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


hexose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


bone cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bone cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


multifocal motor neuropathy

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare acquired immune-mediatedneuropathy characterized clinically by a purely motor deficit with conduction block and asymmetric multifocal weakness, fasciculations, and cramping.


pseudopodium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement.


positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell

Any virus-mediated process that modulates the levels of viral proteins in a cell.


positive regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.


mitochondrial translational elongation

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion.


negative regulation of anoikis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.


tricarboxylic acid cycle

A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.


glucuronosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + acceptor = UDP + acceptor beta-D-glucuronoside.


sex chromosome

A chromosome involved in sex determination.


response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


muscle adaptation

A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


Ergometrine

A monocarboxylic acid amide that  is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.


Excoriation

Self-inflicted tearing or wearing off of skin.


ICAM-3 receptor activity

Combining with ICAM-3, intercellular adhesion molecule 3, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. ICAM-3, or CD50, are constitutively expressed on monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes; on physiological stimulation, they become transiently phosphorylated on serine residues.


molting cycle

The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.


neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an idiosyncratic condition associated with administration of antipsychotic and other central dopaminergic blockers, and characterized by hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, autonomic dysfunction and altered consciousness.


ammonium ion binding

Binding to ammonium ions (NH4+).


cellular response to dsRNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


U5 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U5, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U5 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U5 snRNA both while the U5 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


sinoatrial node

The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA].


primary alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


leukocyte chemotaxis

The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


intestinal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine.


regulation of hexokinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hexokinase activity.


regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound

The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal.


mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Mitochondrial complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.


cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB

The selective interaction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


Hypermagnesemia

An abnormally increased magnesium concentration in the blood.


spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


ventricular cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


renal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the renal tubule is generated by specification of cell fate, through the maintenance of cell polarity, regulated cell proliferation and morphogenetic cell rearrangements, shape changes and growth. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


citrulline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.


Retinal hemorrhage

Hemorrhage occurring within the retina.


Dapagliflozin

A C-glycosyl comprising beta-D-glucose in which the anomeric hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl group. Used (in the formo f its propanediol monohydrate) to improve glycemic control, along with diet and exercise, in adults with type 2 diabetes.


establishment of planar polarity of embryonic epithelium

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an embryonic epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


dermatan sulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. They are important components of ground substance or intercellular cement of skin and some connective tissues.


negative regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface.


congenital prothrombin deficiency

Congenital factor II deficiency is an inherited bleeding disorder due to reduced activity of factor II (FII, prothrombin) and characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms.


thymic T cell selection

The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.


pteridine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


establishment of tissue polarity

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


brush border membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the brush border.


negative regulation of collateral sprouting

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


Auditory hallucination

Perception of sounds without auditory stimulus.


regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


membrane raft organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane rafts, small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


ischemic colitis

Inflammation of the colon due to colonic ischemia resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature.


regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.


prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.


positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.


blastocyst growth

An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation.


segment specification

The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes.


canker sore

A type of stomatitis that is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval, lasting for 7-14 days and healing without scarring. It is a recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology.


neuronal action potential propagation

The propagation of an action potential along an axon, away from the soma.


myosin binding

Binding to a myosin; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments.


blast phase chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive

An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is characterized by: 1. the presence of blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow that are at least 20% of the peripheral blood white cells or of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow respectively, or 2. an extramedullary proliferation of blasts, and/or 3. when there are large aggregates and clusters of blasts in the bone marrow biopsy specimen (adapted from WHO, 2001).


outer mitochondrial membrane protein complex

Any protein complex that is part of the outer mitochondrial membrane.


modified amino acid transport

The directed movement of modified amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


protein phosphatase 2B binding

Binding to a protein phosphatase 2B.


anterograde amnesia

Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow craniocerebral trauma; seizures; anoxia; and other conditions which adversely affect neural structures associated with memory formation (e.g., the hippocampus; fornix (brain); mammillary bodies; and anterior thalamic nuclei). (From Memory 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1-2):49-71)


negative regulation of autophagosome assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.


Piroxicam

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the exocyclic nitrogen of 2-aminopyridine. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the oxicam class, it is used to relieve pain and works by preventing the production of endogenous prostaglandins involved in the mediation of pain, stiffness, tenderness and swelling.


maintenance of protein location in cell

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


B cell receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


psychologic dyspareunia

Painful or difficult coitus.


myosin light chain kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-light-chain = ADP + myosin-light-chain phosphate.


negative regulation of protein targeting to membrane

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.


acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acylglycerol molecule.


cellular response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.


histone lysine demethylation

The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from a lysine residue.


regulation of lamellipodium assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.


activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.


Adipose Tissue Atrophy

Shrinking of adipose tissue.


regulation of intracellular pH

Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.


retinal artery occlusion

An occlusion of the retinal artery.


breast abscess

A breast disease characterized by a collection of pus in the breast.


piRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional piRNA. piRNAs (Piwi-associated RNAs) are a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNAs derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


vitamin B deficiency

A condition due to deficiency in any member of the vitamin B complex. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.