positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the formation of the posterior neural plate, the posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.


2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.


establishment of bipolar cell polarity

The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


rhombomere 8 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 8 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-galactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + galactosamine(out) = protein histidine + galactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


rolling hairpin viral DNA replication

A viral DNA replication process where a 3' hairpin structure in the viral single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) template serves as a primer for host enzymes to synthesize DNA.


catabolism by virus of host DNA

The breakdown of host DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, by a virus.


branching involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland cord is generated and organized. The mammary gland cord is a solid epithelial structure that will hollow out, forming the mammary duct.


monoatomic cation efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a cation or cations from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


carvone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carvone + 2 H+ + 2 e- = dihydrocarvone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


positive regulation of amine catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 11-deoxycortisol + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


p-cresol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-cresol.


neuroblast delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neuroblast splits off of a neurectodermal sheet.


siderophore catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


L-sorbose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + O2 = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H2O2.


regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.


pancreatic D cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


lactate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = (R)-lactate.


tRNA acetylation

The modification of tRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to tRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


flavin reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a reduced flavin + NAD+ = an oxidized flavin + 2 H+ + NADH.


isopimaradienal hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopimaradienal + NADPH + O2 <=> isopimaric acid + NADP + H2O.


rhombomere 7 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 7 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


lysine carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + carbamoyl phosphate = L-homocitrulline + H+ + phosphate.


prophase

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of meiosis and mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + e-.


Catalyzes the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine.


angiotensin-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that increases the diameter of a blood vessel via the renin-angiotensin system.


methylthioribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate = 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O.


regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

Any process that modulates atrichoblast fate specification.


branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system

Allocation of a set number of cells to each primary branch in an open tracheal system, prior to the onset of cell migration. This establishes different domains of cells within the tracheal placode.


chemoattraction of dopaminergic neuron axon

The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.


regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: fluoroacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = fluoroacetate + NADH + 2 H+.


glucose catabolic process to D-lactate and ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the enzymatic breakdown of D-glucose to D-lactate and ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at the rate of one ATP per glucose molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + glycine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-glycine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


allose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of allose from one side of a membrane to the other. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress

Any response to laminar fluid shear stress in a vascular endothelial cell.


positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


alpha-cuprenene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (-)-alpha-cuprenene + diphosphoric acid.


[methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = [Co(I) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + H+ + methyl-coenzyme M. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.


taste bud morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the taste bud are generated and organized. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


NAD-dependent protein demyristoylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = tetradecanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


allantoicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allantoate + H2O = (S)-ureidoglycolate + urea.


pinocarveol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = pinocarvone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


high-affinity IgE receptor activity

Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


eugenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD(P)+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NAD(P)H + H+.


type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. ATP hydrolysis is required. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of two copies of a specific recognition sequence in an inverse orientation in the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance from one of the recognition sites.


exochitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-beta-linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, exochitinases progressively cleave off two subunits from the reducing or non-reducing ends of the chitin chain.


indole alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 2'-O-sulfate. Results in sulfation of glucuronic acid and iduronic acid residues.


negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


central nervous system formation

The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


CCACCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an unstable tRNA + 2 ATP + 4 CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CCACCA end + 6 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


berbamunine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + (R)-N-methylcoclaurine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = berbamunine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


mycothiol-dependent detoxification

The chemical reactions using mycothiol to convert an alkylating agent to an S-conjugate of mycothiol. The latter is cleaved to release mercapturic acid which is excreted from the cell.


2-aminobenzoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e- = NH3 + benzoyl-CoA.


ADP-ribosylserine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-seryl-[protein] + H2O = L-seryl-[protein] + ADP-ribose.


stress response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


dextranase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextran.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta-carotenol + O2 = (E,E)-7-hydroxy-6-methylhepta-3,5-dienal + 14'-apo-beta-carotenal.


negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


inositol-3-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate. This reaction requires NAD, which dehydrogenates the CHOH group to CO at C-5 of the glucose 6-phosphate, making C-6 into an active methylene, able to condense with the aldehyde at C-1. Finally, the enzyme-bound NADH reconverts C-5 into the CHOH form.


rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->2)-linked B-galacturonic acid residues of the rhamnogalacturonan I backbone.


ribonuclease P4 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 3'-extranucleotides from tRNA precursor.


dihydroxy-acid dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O.


positive regulation of macrophage proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage proliferation.


monoatomic cation:bicarbonate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monoatomic cation(out) + HCO3-(out) = monoatomic cation(in) + HCO3-(in).


leucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD(P)+.


cellular response to trehalose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.


17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone binding

Binding to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.


negative regulation of reverse cholesterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.


detection of inactivity

The series of events in which a inactivity stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.


CUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUC codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H+ + pyruvate = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2.


entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface that mediates/triggers viral entry by endocytosis/pinocytosis or by inducing fusion/penetration.


RNA polyadenylation at postsynapse

A polyadenylation event (the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule) that takes place at a postsynapse.


globose nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the globose nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


protoaphin-aglucone dehydratase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoaphin aglucone = H2O + xanthoaphin.


trans-geranyl-CoA isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-geranyl-CoA = cis-geranyl-CoA.


farnesol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


optic vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor F420-0 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-1 + phosphate.


fruit dehiscence

The process leading to the spontaneous opening of the fruit permitting the escape of seeds.


atrial septum intermedium development

The progression of the atrial septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene + NADPH + H+ = 1-chloro-4-hydroxylaminobenzene + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.


ABC-type D-ribose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-ribose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-ribose(in).


histone H3K18 decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone H3 position 18] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone H3] + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + ATP = N-adenylylanthranilate + diphosphate + H+.


box H/ACA snoRNP complex binding

Binding to a box H/ACA snoRNP complex.


fumarate reductase (menaquinone)

Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + a menaquinol = succinate + a menaquinone.


root radial pattern formation

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of the different tissues of the root around its radial axis.


(-)-menthol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + NADP+ = (2S,5R)-menthone + H+ + NADPH.


response to immobilization stress combined with electrical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus given while being held immobile.


dGTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H2O = dGMP + H+ + diphosphate.


Atg8 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG8, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


tRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing a 2'-O-nucleotide.


cephalosporin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


protein-DNA ISRE complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex, in which the complex is formed through interaction of the protein(s) with a interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the DNA.


regulation of action potential firing threshold

Any process that regulates the potential at which an axon potential is triggered.


modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


embryonic meristem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


protein-phycocyanobilin linkage via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine.


homophytochelatin synthase (dimmer forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alaninate <=> gamma-Glu-Cys-gamma-Glu-Cys-beta-Ala + glycine.


cellular component biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.


IRES-dependent translational initiation of circular RNA

The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate circular mRNA translation.


perturbation of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts an adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


molecular carrier activity

Directly binding to a specific ion or molecule and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + N(1)-acetylspermidine.


modulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uroporphyrinogen-III = coproporphyrinogen + 4 CO2.


3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + HBr.


spinal trigeminal nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


gluconate 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


heterocycle biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).


5'-(N(7)-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end (N2,N2,N7-trimethyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end diphospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + 2 H+ + N7-methyl-GMP. Can also use (N7-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA as a substrate.


cellular response to vanadate(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.


rhamnose binding

Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of rhamnose.


leukotriene A4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene A4.


metanephric cap development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cap from an initial condition to its mature state. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


monounsaturated fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monounsaturated fatty acid.


protein localization to actin cytoskeleton

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin cytoskeleton.


pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-glutamine = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + L-glutamate + 3 H2O + phosphate. The reaction occurs in two steps: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3, and subsequently D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NH3 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + 4 H2O + phosphate.


8-demethylnovobiocic acid C8-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 8-desmethylnovobiocic acid <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + novobiocic acid + H+.


host cell extracellular matrix binding

Binding to the extracellular matrix of a host cell.


D-series resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family D-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from docosahexaenoic acid.


cellular response to methylmercury

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.


protein localization to ascospore wall

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an ascospore wall.


response to brefeldin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


corrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.


D-lactate-2-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-O-sulfolactate + H2O = (R)-lactate + H+ + sulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + caffeoyl-CoA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + feruloyl-CoA.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.


carbon-halide lyase activity

Catalysis of the breakage of a bond between carbon and any halogen atom.


cellular response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CTP = CDP-glycerol + diphosphate.


response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


regulation of intestinal D-glucose absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal D-glucose absorption.


methionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.


erythromycin C 3''-o-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + erythromycin C <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + erythromycin A + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: [Molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly-AMP + [cysteine desulfurase]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine = AMP [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH(2)-C(O)SH + cysteine desulfurase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


response to spindle checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle checkpoint signaling.


positive regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


positive regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.


vitamin D2 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D2, (3S,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol.


cytosolic valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in the cytosol, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2Z,4Z,7-trienoate + H2O = 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dichloropropenoate + cis-2-Hydroxy-3-chloropenta-2,4-dienone + H+.


D-mannitol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mannitol + O2 = mannose + H2O2.


gibberellin-44 dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin 19 + succinate + CO2.


cerebellar stellate cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar stellate cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar stellate cell fate. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


chlorate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chlorate, ClO3-, from one side of a membrane to the other.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


endocytosed synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion

Fusion of an endocytosed synaptic vesicle with an endosome.


RNA decapping

Cleavage of the 5'-cap of an RNA.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards cell periphery

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle towards the cell periphery using host microtubules. Mostly used by viruses that replicate their genome near or in the nucleus to allows newly assembled viral progeny to reach the plasma membrane.


natural killer cell proliferation

The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine <=> cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside + coenzyme A.


allocryptopine 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allocryptopine + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 6-hydroxy-allocryptopine + NADP + H2O.


cell movement involved in somal translocation

The movement of a cell body from the ventricular zone to the pial surface with a concomitant shortening of the process that extends to the pial surface.


protein insertion into plasma membrane

The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a plasma membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


tropane alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.


diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpene phytoalexins, terpenoids with 20 carbons produced by plants in response to environmental stresses.


envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


inositol hexakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + anthranilate.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside.


acquisition of plant reproductive competence

The process in which a plant acquires the ability to respond to a floral inductive signal.


sodium-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


Catalysis of the reaction: Oplophorus luciferin + O2 = oxidized Oplophorus luciferin + CO2 + hnu.


establishment of ER localization

The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to a specific location.


stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the stomach epithelium.


siRNA 3'-end processing

The process of forming the mature 3' end of a siRNA molecule.


sporocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sporocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sporocarp is a spore bearing fruiting body organ. An example of this process is found in the Fungal species Coprinopsis cinerea.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:3-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-33 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


viral mRNA cap methylation

An innate immune response evasion mechanism in which a virus methylates the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of its mRNAs. Methylation allows evasion of the host innate immune response, which degrades cap0 (non-methylated) mRNAs.


regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol choline phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol + CDP-choline = plasmenylcholine + CMP.


urocanate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-imidazolone-5-propanoate + H+ = trans-urocanate + H2O.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors, nitrogenous group as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a nitrogenous group.


female pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


UDP-xylose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of UDP-xylose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi medial cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.


triose-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a triose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.


fatty acid in-chain hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ = fatty acid with in-chain hydroxy group + 2 NADP+ + H2O.


negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


positive regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


positive regulation of gastric emptying

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of any gastric emptying process, the process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


brassinosteroid binding

Binding to a brassinosteroid.


2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxydaidzein + NADPH + H+.


triokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + ATP = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: protocatechuate + O2 = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.


retinal isomerization

The reactions involved in isomerization of all trans to all cis retnal.


indole alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


thermospermine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+ = S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine + spermidine.


peptidoglycan stem peptide endopeptidase activity

A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a stem peptide of peptidoglycan.


trochlear nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the trochlear nerve is generated and organized. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + D-glyceraldehyde + H2O = (R)-glycerate + AH2 + H+.


fumonisin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumonisin.


regulation of deacetylase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,3 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: demethylphylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = phylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of smooth muscle tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.


multicellular organism development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


positive regulation of thymine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


MutSbeta complex binding

Binding to a MutSbeta mismatch repair complex.


spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of spongiotrophoblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the spongiotrophoblast layer.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylylselenate + NADPH => adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + selenite + NADP+ + H+.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.


macrocin O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + macrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tylosin.


positive regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.


regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


post-embryonic limb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.


ribonucleotide excision repair

The pathway by which a ribonucleotide is removed from DNA and replaced by a deoxyribonucleotide. The ribonucleotide is incised by RNase H2, and further excised by an endonuclease. The resulting 1 nt gap is then repaired by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


cellular response to ceramide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ceramide stimulus.


farnesylcysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O <=> (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesal + L-cysteine + hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an auditory hair cell.


viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites by a viral terminase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + phthalate + H+.


fatty acid alpha-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + a 2,3,4-saturated fatty acid <=> a 2(R)-hydroperoxy fatty acid.


serotonergic neuron axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone of a serotonergic neuron to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


cycloeucalenol cycloisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cycloeucalenol = obtusifoliol.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule, dependent on the presence of 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


dCTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + H2O = dCMP + H+ + diphosphate.


sabinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = sabinene + diphosphate.


pyloric sphincter smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the narrowest part of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum.


osmolarity-sensing monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when a change in the osmolarity occurs in the extracellular space of the cell in which the cation channel resides.


male germ-line stem cell population maintenance

The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of male germ-line stem cells.


negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


auxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxins from one side of a membrane to the other. Auxins are plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


corneal epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of a corneal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


berberine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-canadine + 2 NADP+ = berberine + H+ + 2 NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoeugenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + isomethyleugenol.


cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = UDP + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).


alpha-keto ester reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto ester + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy ester. Alpha-keto esters are of the form R(1)-CO-CO-O-R(2), where the R groups may be aromatic or aliphatic.


chlorophyll catabolite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of chlorophyll catabolites such as non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), from one side of a membrane to the other.


tooth replacement

The process whose specific outcome is the replacement of an existing tooth with another tooth.


acceptance of pollen

The recognition and acceptance of pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes.


NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-C-terminal glycine + NAD+ = [protein]-C-terminal O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-glycine + nicotinamide.


negative regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ATP-dependent histone chaperone activity

Binding to and carrying a histone or a histone complex to unload or deposit it as a nucleosome, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


cell-substrate junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a cell-substrate junction into its constituent components.


enteric smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the intestine.


GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose = GDP-L-galactose.


propylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining.


synaptic vesicle uncoating

The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle following the pinching step at the end of budding from the presynaptic membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


phenyl propionate uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of phenyl propionate from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of dense core granule biogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.


alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


regulation of cytokinetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokinetic process.


gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + H+ + UDP.


protein O-glucuronidation

The modification of a protein by glucuronidation on an amino acid oxygen atom.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.


cellular response to mannitol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.


vestibulocochlear nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vestibulocochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


azobenzene reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + NADPH + H+.


atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


protein localization to lipid droplet

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location on or within a lipid droplet.


determination of muscle attachment site

The process that mediates the transfer of information from the cells of a muscle to those of its intended target, thereby identifying the target site.


proteasome localization

Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


rhythmic inhibition

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


glucose dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + D-glucose = a quinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


positive regulation of pro-T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5-diol = ergosterol + H2O.


interleukin-17A production

The appearance of interleukin-17A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


tubulin-tyrosine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + detyrosinated alpha-tubulin + L-tyrosine = alpha-tubulin + ADP + phosphate.


distal tip cell migration

The orderly movement of a distal tip cell.


negative regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


high mobility group box 1 receptor activity

Combining with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


regulation of cellular response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cellular response to osmotic stress.


pterocarpan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + medicarpin = 4'-methoxyisoflavan-2',4,7-triol.


granzyme-mediated programmed cell death signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the cell death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of cell death is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce cell death in target cells.


macrophage proliferation

The expansion of a macrophage population by cell division.


cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a cholangiocyte.


vomifoliol 4'-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S,9R)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionol + NAD+ = (6S)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionone + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin.


furaldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving furaldehyde, a furan ring-containing aldehyde compound which can be formed from the thermal decomposition of biomass.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> 4-chloro-2-methylphenol + 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion + succinate + carbon dioxide.


trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


alternansucrase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from sucrose to alternately the 6-position and the 3-position of the non-reducing terminal residue of an alpha-D-glucan, thus producing a glucan having alternating alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,3-linkages.


negative regulation of biological process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


cyanate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of cell budding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and growth of cell buds.


extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.


dicarboxylate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an omega-dicarboxylic acid + CoASH= AMP + diphosphate + an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


response to toluene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toluene stimulus.


negative regulation of maltose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.


(R)-mandelate catabolic process to catechol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including catechol.


ubiquitin ligase-substrate adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a ubiquitin ligase and its substrate. Usually mediated by F-box BTB/POZ domain proteins.


beta-caryophyllene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-caryophyllene.


positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (vanilloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> H+ + cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + vanillate.


juvenile hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.


IgM binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'''-demalonylsalvianin + malonyl-CoA = salvianin + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroxyfumarate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + L-glutamate.


response to external stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.


spheroidene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spheroidene.


valine dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH.


skotomorphogenesis

The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation in response to growth in darkness.


ATP-dependent DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity

Catalytic activity that acts to transfer a methyl group to a DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O.


7-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.


UDP-sugar diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-sugar + H2O = UMP + sugar 1-phosphate.


plasmid recombination

A process of DNA recombination occurring within a plasmid or between plasmids and other plasmids or DNA molecules.


secologanin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: loganin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = secologanin + NADP+ + 2 H2O.


aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.


interleukin-17F production

The appearance of interleukin-17F due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


mesothelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in early lung development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesothelial cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.


W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


snRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Activity that provides specificity to a pseudouridine synthetase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific pseudouridylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


aculeacin-A deacylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the amide bond in aculeacin A and related neutral lipopeptide antibiotics, releasing the long-chain fatty acid side-chain.


(R)-mandelate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + acceptor = phenylglyoxylate + reduced acceptor.


9-fluorenone dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + 2 NADPH + O2 = 2 NADP+ + 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-9-fluorenone.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene.


(E)-caffeate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-caffeate + ATP + CoA = (E)-caffeoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


lipid A-core heptosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: galactosyl-glucosyl3-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-bisphosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = lipid A-core + ADP + H+.


alpha,alpha-phosphotrehalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8S,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoate.


positive regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + NAD+ + H2O.


stellate cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to stellate cells. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


alkylamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhexanamide + H2O = hexanoate + methylammonium.


3-phenylpropionate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. It is produced from putrefaction of proteins in soil or breakdown of several constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils and resins.


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-jasmonate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + (-)-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


fungal-type cell wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a fungal-type cell wall.


sepiapterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP+ = sepiapterin + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = N-isopropylammelide + ethylamine.


female germline ring canal stabilization

Maintenance of the structural integrity of the ring canals connecting the female germline cyst.


response to sulfur dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = alpha-D-galactosyl-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + 1,2-diacylglycerol.


intracellular nickel ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nickel ions within a cell.


regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

Any process that mediates the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.


unsubstituted mannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.


DDT 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT. 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDT.


XCL1 production

The appearance of XCL1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


suppression by virus of host catalytic activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 3'',6''-O-dimalonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + malonyl-CoA(5-) <=> cyanidin 3-O-(3''', 6''-O-dimalonyl-beta-glucopyranoside) + coenzyme A.


myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve.


pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pimelyl-CoA = 2,3-didehydropimeloyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.


post-embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


galactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.


quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quinate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


convergent extension involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.


vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem

The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.


1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.


enterobactin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


messenger ribonucleoprotein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to form a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex.


fucoidanase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,2-alpha-L-fucoside linkages in fucoidan without release of sulfate.


methyl fluoride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl fluoride, fluorine-substituted methane, a gaseous halogenated hydrocarbon that has been investigated as an inhibitor of methanotrophy and nitrification in soils.


N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (N1-acetylspermidine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N1-acetylspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.


sperm storage

The retention of sperm by a female following mating.


glycine betaine-activated nonselective monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when glycine betaine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


protein localization to eisosome filament

A process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a eisosome filament (also called linear eisosome), a filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.


Catalysis of the reaction:1-(1,2-saturated alkyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


detection of oxidative stress

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.


metanephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric interstitial fibroblast.


Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = stachyose + myo-inositol.


forked DNA-dependent helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix containing forked DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: galactogen + UDP-galactose = 1,6-beta-D-galctosylgalactogen + UDP.


dihydroneopterin aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine = 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + glycolaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate = H2O + NADP+ + trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate.


neuronal pentraxin receptor activity

Combining with a neuronal pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + lipid IV(a).


diamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a diamine + H2O + O2 = a monoamine + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


galactose to glucose-1-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways in which galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose, is converted to glucose-1-phosphate.


pore formation in host plasma membrane

The disruption of host plasma membrane integrity by formation of a pore, resulting in deregulated ion homeostasis, and cellular dysfunction that can result in cell death.


olfactory nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


pre-mRNA branch point binding

Binding to a pre-mRNA branch point sequence, located upstream of the 3' splice site.


tetrapeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tetrapeptide from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methyladenine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.


peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form tele-methylhistidine

The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate.


alpha-bisabolene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,R)-alpha-bisabolene + diphosphate.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


calcium ion binding involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The directed change of free calcium ion concentration in the postsynaptic cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


cellular response to methylamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.


negative regulation of cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.


stabilization of host tight cell-cell junction

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host tight junction, a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


4-hydroxymandelate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelate + CO2.


regulation of mammary gland cord elongation by mammary fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of mammary gland cord elongation as a result of a signal being created by a mesenchymal cell that is a precursor to the mammary fat and its subsequent reception and interpretation by an mammary cord epithelial cell.


hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: hydroxylamine + NH3 = hydrazine + H2O, and hydrazine + acceptor = N2 + reduced acceptor.


ventricular septum intermedium morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum intermedium is generated and organized.


cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone

The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane.


reduced coenzyme F420:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + CoB-S-S-CoM = coenzyme F420 + CoM-SH + CoB-SH.


larval walking behavior

The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


glycolate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).


FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FAD = AMP + riboflavin cyclic-4',5'-phosphate.


Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity

Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gq/11 subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gq/11 subunit subsequently activates phospholipase C and results in an increase in inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels.


cold-induced thermogenesis

The process by which heat is generated by increasing metabolism in response to cold ambient temperatures in order to maintain a stable core body temperature.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


floral whorl development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a floral whorl over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A floral whorl is a circular arrangement of parts of a flower arising from a stem of a plant.


nicotine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotine + acceptor + H2O = (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + reduced acceptor.


positive regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid.


URM1 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y = Y-URM1 + X, where both X-URM1 and Y-URM1 are covalent linkages.


optic nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the optic nerve to attain its fully functional state. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


galactomannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactose as single side units.


Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylethanolamine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine.


autophagosome localization

Any process in which an autophagosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle

A pathway leading to the fixation of two molecules of CO2 and the production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and fumarate reductase the reduction of fumarate forming succinate.


alanine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine = D-alanine.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


response to cytochalasin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-pantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H+ = (R)-pantetheine + CO2.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-D-galactofuranose.


regulation of conidium formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: heptosyl-KDO2-lipid A + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A + ADP + H+.


shelterin complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a shelterin complex. A shelterin complex is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.


negative regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.


regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + homogentisate + H+ <=> 2-methyl-6-all-trans-nonaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone + carbon dioxide + diphosphoric acid.


'de novo' L-methionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components.


ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] = adenosine diphosphate ribose + [dinitrogen reductase].


voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Voltage-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential. This is a key step in synaptic transmission, following the arrival of an action potential at the synapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NADP+ = D-mannose 6-phosphate + 3 H+ + NADPH.


cellular response to arsenite(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.


CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.


taxane 13-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = H2O + NADP+ + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha,13alpha-diol.


arachidonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arachidonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


vinorine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + vinorine = H2O + NADP+ + vomilenine.


viral genome circularization

The circularization of a viral genome following infection of a host cell. This is common amongst bacterial viruses to protect the viral genome ends from nucleases, to convert the linear genome to an integrative precursor or to give rise to the replicative form of the genome. It can be mediated by covalent closure of the DNA sticky ends, recombinaison between redundant terminal sequences or via the binding of a protein at the viral DNA extremities.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus.


chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotriose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + butanoyl-CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + butanoate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


positive regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve.


glutamine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + N-acyl-L-glutamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ + a stearoyl-[acp] = nonadec-1-ene + 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


hemicellulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.


positive regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.


pigment accumulation in response to UV light

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


histone H3-K36 trimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 36 of the histone.


ingression involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The migration of individual cells into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


negative regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.


positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol.


pectin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.


cytochrome metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cytochrome.


protein demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a protein.


cephalosporinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a cephalosporin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the cephalosporin.


histone H3 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H3 substrate.


negative regulation of odontoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.


histone H3K23 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 23) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 23).


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-cellobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + cellobiose(out) = protein histidine + cellobiose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


leucophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a leucophore cell. Leucophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain uric acid or other purine crystals, deposited in stacks called leucosomes. This gives them a white appearance.


tRNA gene clustering

The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae.


disruption by symbiont of host cell nucleus

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20b in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil20b in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-N6-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + acetyl-CoA = (R)-N6-(S8-acetyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + CoA.


rubredoxin-NADP+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: dithioerythritol + thiosulfate = hydrogen sulfide + dithioerythritol disulfide + sulfite.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-hydroxypropionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-hydroxypropionate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-xylose(out) + H+(out) = D-xylose(in) + H+(in).


germarium-derived oocyte fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


vascular endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress

Any response to fluid shear stress in a vascular endothelial cell.


fumonisin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumonisin.


regulation of cellular response to alcohol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.


chitin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n) = UDP + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n+1).


regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the dorsal spinal cord.


L-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ + NADH.


suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


protein-bilin linkage

The covalent linkage of bilin and a protein.


stomium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stomium is a fissure or pore in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-galactosalaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


pronephric glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


phthalate binding

Binding to a phthalate, any ester or salt of phthalic acid.


ABC-type iron-sulfur cluster transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + iron-sulfur cluster(in) = ADP + phosphate + iron-sulfur cluster(out).


rhombomere 1 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


perillic acid-CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + perillyl-CoA.


2-propylphenol monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-propylphenol + O2 + NADH + H+ = 3-propylcatechol + H2O + NAD.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + A = AH(2) + orotate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + H+ = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O.


(S)-scoulerine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (S)-scoulerine.


thymus epithelium morphogenesis

The process in which the thymus epithelium is generated and organized.


forebrain neuroblast differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of basal progenitor cells, neuroblasts that lose their contacts with the ventricular surface. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


ATP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate + succinyl-CoA = citramalyl-CoA + succinate.


cardioblast cell midline fusion

The attachment of cardiac progenitor cells to one another that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


acrosome matrix dispersal

The proteolytic digestion of components in the acrosomal matrix that occurs as part of the acrosome reaction. The process can occur either in the cumulus oophorous facilitating the penetration of it by the sperm, or at the zona pellucida allowing the sperm to reach the plasma membrane of the egg where the inner acrosomal membrane of the sperm can interact with the egg plasma membrane.


molybdenum incorporation into molybdenum-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of molybdenum into a molybdenum-molybdopterin complex.


regulation of glycerol transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of heart rate in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of the heart rate of the bitten/stung organism.


rhombomere 7 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cell motility in response to potassium ion

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


glutathione thiolesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-acylglutathione + H2O = a carboxylate + glutathione + H+.


stamen formation

The process that contributes to the act of giving rise to the stamen. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


rhombomere 4 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


Catalysis of the reaction: long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate = long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phosphoglycerate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-9 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-9.