Hyperinsulinemia

Abnormally high levels of insulin in the blood.


cartilage morphogenesis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized.


mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome

The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


scleritis

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Inflammation of the sclera.


regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.


unidimensional cell growth

The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis, resulting in the morphogenesis of the cell.


nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response.


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + L-glutamine + CO2 + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate.


diacylglycerol binding

Binding to a diacylglycerol, a diester of glycerol and two fatty acids.


spindle midzone

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


positive regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation.


semaphorin receptor complex

A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell.


atrial tachycardia

A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of an organized, regular atrial rhythm with atrial rate between 101 and 240 beats per minute. The P wave morphology must be distinct from the sinus P wave morphology. (CDISC)


calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The cascade begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple phosphoserine residues on NFAT, resulting in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. The cascade ends with regulation of transcription by NFAT. The calcineurin-NFAT cascade lies downstream of many cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that signal to mobilize calcium ions (Ca2+).


nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by polyuria with polydipsia, recurrent bouts of fever, constipation, and acute hypernatremic dehydration after birth that may cause neurological sequelae. Polyuria may exceed 10 liters in children.


retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: carbohydrate(out) + H+(out) = carbohydrate(in) + H+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + polypeptide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-polypeptide. This reaction is the modification of serine or threonine residues in polypeptide chains by the transfer of a N-acetylgalactose from UDP-N-acetylgalactose to the hydroxyl group of the amino acid; it is the first step in O-glycan biosynthesis.


negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


Wnt signalosome

A multiprotein protein complex containing membrane-localized Wnt receptors and cytosolic protein complexes, which is capable of transmitting the Wnt signal. Contains at least a Wnt protein, LRP5 or LRP6, a member of the Frizzled (Fz) family, Axin and and a Dishevelled (DVL) protein.


gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.


Tirofiban

A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.


cellular response to osmotic stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.


mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


Indacaterol

A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


intracellular sequestering of iron ion

The process of binding or confining iron ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


sphenoid bone

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended.


negative regulation of interferon-beta production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.


response to parathyroid hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.


Catalepsy

A nervous system disorder characterized by diminished responsiveness and consciousness, and rigidity of the body.


negative regulation of amine transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cellular response to retinoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.


MPP7-DLG1-LIN7 complex

A heterotrimeric protein complex formed by the association of MMP7, DLG1 and either LIN7A or LIN7C; regulates the stability and localization of DLG1 to cell junctions.


SUMO binding

Binding to the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO.


receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


negative regulation of muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.


negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.


positive regulation of myoblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.


post-transcriptional gene silencing

The inactivation of gene expression that occurs after transcription.


regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.


lamellar body

A membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.


keratosis

A skin disorder consisting of hypertrophy of the stratum corneum of the skin.


activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity.


Hemoperitoneum

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Accumulation of blood in the peritoneal cavity owing to internal hemorrhage.


iritis

Inflammation of the iris.


positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.


relaxation of skeletal muscle

A process in which the extent of skeletal muscle tissue contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation involves the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases.


Sulfapyridine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.


peptidyl-dipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.


negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol

Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.


dopamine binding

Binding to dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.


trachea morphogenesis

The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.


regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA.


acute adrenal insufficiency

Acute adrenal insufficiency (AAI) is a rare but severe condition caused by a sudden defective production of adrenal steroids (cortisol and aldosterone). It represents an emergency, thus the rapid recognition and prompt therapy are critical for survival even before the diagnosis is made.


platelet dense tubular network membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network.


cervix disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the cervix. Representative examples include cervicitis, endocervical polyp, and carcinoma.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


sulfur amino acid transport

The directed movement of amino acids containing sulfur (cystine, methionine and their derivatives) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.


positive regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


L-ornithine

An optically active form of ornithine having L-configuration.


negative regulation of blood pressure

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.


elbow

The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint-the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific].


Muscle relaxant therapy

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


atrioventricular node cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


AMP-activated protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of AMP.


regulation of DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.


ESCRT I complex

An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes.


Morbilliform rash

An exanthema consisting of widespread pink-to-red macules (flat spots of 2-10 mm in diameter) or papules (red bumps) that blanch with pressure. The macules and papules may cluster and merge to form sheets over several days.


G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding

Binding to a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits.


mesendoderm migration

The process in which the population of cells that make up a mesendoderm undergo directed movement. The mesendoderm is the epithelial tissue that gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm.


pentose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


ketone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


Craniocerebral Trauma

A traumatic injury to the head.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


renal vesicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


hepatorenal syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome is a form of impaired kidney function that occurs in individuals with advanced chronic liver disease. As many as 40% of individuals with cirrhosis and ascites will develop hepatorenal syndrome. Symptoms may include fatigue, abdominal pain, and a general feeling of ill health (malaise). There are two distinct types of hepatorenal syndrome. Type I progresses quickly (within days), leading to kidney failure. Individuals with type I typically have dramatically reduced urine output, edema, and jaundice, and often suffer from hepatic encephalopathy. Type II progresses more slowly, over weeks or months, and the symptoms are less severe. The cause of hepatorenal syndrome is unknown. A contributing factor seems to be a narrowing of the blood vessels that connect into the kidneys. This causes a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, impairing their function. In some cases, triggers or precipitating factors (infections, blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract, low blood pressure) are involved. Treatment is aimed at helping the liver work better and maintaining kidney function. In many cases, a liver transplant is needed. In some cases, individuals also need a kidney transplant.


embryonic camera-type eye formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a camera-type eye from unspecified neurectoderm. This process begins with the differentiation of cells that form the optic field and ends when the optic cup has attained its shape.


antibacterial peptide production

The synthesis or release of an antibacterial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


succinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinate, also known as butanedioate or ethane dicarboxylate, the dianion of succinic acid. Succinate is an important intermediate in metabolism and a component of the TCA cycle.


apoptotic chromosome condensation

The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis.


negative regulation of stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.


cellular response to reactive nitrogen species

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive nitrogen species stimulus.


Esophageal Pain

Painful sensation in the esophageal region.


arginine binding

Binding to 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


Hypoproteinemia

A decreased concentration of protein in the blood.


SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


histone H3-K9 modification

The modification of histone H3 at a lysine in position 9 of the histone.


insemination

The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female.


negative adaptation of signaling pathway

The negative regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.


proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, a large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.


Gastrointestinal perforation

A rupture in the wall of any structure of the digestive system caused by traumatic or pathologic processes.


Clonus

A series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch.


canonical glycolysis

The glycolytic process that begins with the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase activity. Glycolytic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


ether lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.


translation elongation factor activity

Functions in chain elongation during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


prostanoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.


type 2 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding

Binding to a type 2 fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2).


lamellipodium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lamellipodium. A lamellipodium is a thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a crawling fibroblast; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.


negative regulation of superoxide anion generation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.


Wnt receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a Wnt receptor. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


leukocyte migration involved in immune response

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body as part of an immune response.


biliary tract disorder

A disease involving the biliary tree.


protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The process of protecting a cell from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.


osteoclast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes.


serine C-palmitoyltransferase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a palmitoyl on to serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.


male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes.


Spasticity

A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.


Thiabendazole

A member of the class of benzimidazoles carrying a 1,3-thiazol-4-yl substituent at position 2. A mainly post-harvest fungicide used to control a wide range of diseases including Aspergillus, Botrytis, Cladosporium and Fusarium.


dyskinesia of esophagus

Disorders affecting the motor function of the upper esophageal sphincter; lower esophageal sphincter; the esophagus body, or a combination of these parts. The failure of the sphincters to maintain a tonic pressure may result in gastric reflux of food and acid into the esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux). Other disorders include hypermotility (spastic disorders) and markedly increased amplitude in contraction (nutcracker esophagus).


regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.


methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. The methionyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a methionine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


phosphoglycerate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to a cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


peptidyl-threonine dephosphorylation

The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine to form peptidyl-threonine.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + lipoamide + H+ = S-succinyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.


Nephritic syndrome

A syndrome characterized by hematuria with dysmorphic red blood cells, red blood cell casts, and proteinuria; systemic manifestations may be present, including hypertension, edema, oliguria.


negative regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.


kidney field specification

The process that results in the delineation of regions of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop.


spermidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


C-terminal protein lipidation

The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the carboxy-terminus of a protein.


NADH metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.


melanocortin receptor activity

Combining with melanocortin to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of telomerase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Telomerases catalyze extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.


regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.


myosin filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.


chronic inflammatory response

Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.


actinin binding

Binding to actinin, any member of a family of proteins that crosslink F-actin.


clathrin complex

A protein complex that consists of three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, organized into a symmetrical three-legged structure called a triskelion. In clathrin-coated vesicles clathrin is the main component of the coat and forms a polymeric mechanical scaffold on the vesicle surface.


pyruvate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: = ADP + H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate => ATP + pyruvate.


hexose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


laminin-10 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.


heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area in which the heart will develop.


regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.


positive regulation of monooxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a monooxygenase.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.


transcription factor TFIIIC complex

A heterotrimeric transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIC contains three conserved subunits that associate with the proximal Pol III promoter element, and additional subunits that associate with sequence elements downstream of the promoter and are more diverged among species. It also functions as a boundary element to partition genome content into distinct domains outside Pol III promoter regions.


intraciliary transport particle B

The larger subcomplex of the intraciliary transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights around 550 kDa.


flavonoid glucuronidation

The modification of a flavonoid by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant flavonoid glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the precursor.


duct of salivary gland

The duct of a salivary gland.


CUT metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), which are transcribed from intergenic regions. Many intergenic regions are heavily transcribed, but the transcripts are rarely detected due to rapid degradation by the nuclear exosome.


polydactyly-myopia syndrome

Polydactyly-myopia syndrome is an exceedingly rare autosomal dominant developmental anomaly reported in 1986 in nine individuals among four generations of the same family. The syndrome is characterized clinically by four-limb postaxial polydactyly and progressive myopia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1986.


lens fiber cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities.


habenula development

The progression of the habenula over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The habenula is the group of nuclei that makes up the stalk of the pineal gland.


bone resorption

The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.


insulin receptor binding

Binding to an insulin receptor.


Decreased prothrombin time

Abnormally short time to coagulation in the prothrombin time test, which is a measure of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The results of the prothrombin time test are often expressed in terms of the International normalized ratio (INR), which is calculated as a ratio of the patient's prothrombin time (PT) to a control PT standardized for the potency of the thromboplastin reagent developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the formula: INR is equal to Patient PT divided by Control PT.


pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.


water channel activity

Transport systems of this type enable facilitated diffusion of water (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


sodium-dependent phosphate transport

The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, by a mechanism dependent upon sodium ions.


vitamin deficiency disorder

A disorder that is caused by the deficiency of a vitamin. The deficiency may result from either suboptimal vitamin intake or conditions that prevent the vitamin's use or absorption in the body. Representative examples include beriberi caused by thiamine deficiency, scurvy caused by vitamin C deficiency, and rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency.


death receptor binding

Binding to a member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD).


negative regulation of interleukin-12 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.


telomere assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end. A telomere is a terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.


heme metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.


organic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage.


negative regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


ultimobranchial body

An outpocketing of one of the caudal pharyngeal pouches that is comprised on calcitonin-producing parafollicular cells.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement.


positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.


positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


fibroblast growth factor receptor activity

Combining with a fibroblast growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein import into peroxisome matrix

The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported. The cargo protein is then released into the peroxisome matrix.


interleukin-6 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-6 receptor.


atrioventricular valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the atrioventricular valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


asialoglycoprotein receptor activity

Receiving an asialoglycoprotein, and delivering the asialoglycoprotein into the cell via endocytosis. An asialoglycoprotein is a plasma glycoproteins from which the terminal sialic acid residue on their complex carbohydrate groups has been removed. The asialoglycoprotein receptor recognizes the terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine units of the asialoglycoprotein, the receptor-ligand complex is internalized and transported to a sorting organelle where disassociation occurs before the receptor is recycled to the cell membrane.


aldehyde-lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond in a molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group to form two smaller molecules, each being an aldehyde or a ketone.


negative regulation of myelination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


interleukin-22 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-22 receptor.


lipid glycosylation

Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule.


clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.


neuron remodeling

The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development.


Astemizole

A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.


cell adhesion mediator activity

The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on a cell surface to an adhesion molecule on another cell surface or an external substrate, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell.


cytosolic small ribosomal subunit

The small subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.


type I interferon receptor binding

Binding to an interferon-type I receptor, a heterodimeric complex composed of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).


polysome

A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of ribosomes held together by messenger RNA. They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro.


GPI-anchor transamidase activity

Catalysis of the formation of the linkage between a protein and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The reaction probably occurs by subjecting a peptide bond to nucleophilic attack by the amino group of ethanolamine-GPI, transferring the protein from a signal peptide to the GPI anchor.


regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).


preribosome, large subunit precursor

A preribosomal complex consisting of 27SA, 27SB, and/or 7S pre-rRNA, 5S rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating large subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic large ribosomal subunit.


secretion of saliva

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


inosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.


platelet-derived growth factor receptor activity

Combining with platelet-derived growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


breast carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the breast


negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-carbon bond.


brachial nerve plexus

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine where it proceeds through the neck then the axilla and into the arm where it innervates skin and muscle. [WP,modified].


glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


peptide antigen transport

The directed movement of a peptide antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.


regulation of macrophage fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.


cellular response to menadione

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menadione stimulus. Menadione (also called vitamin K3) is a naphthoquinone having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.


regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.


negative regulation of leukocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.


negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.


peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation

The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine.


coenzyme A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


response to host immune response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


inferior mesenteric artery

Mesenteric artery that supplies the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery (artery of Drummond). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut. [WP,unvetted].


ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


acetylcholine receptor binding

Binding to an acetylcholine receptor.


astrocyte projection

A prolongation or process extending from the soma of an astrocyte and wrapping around neurons.


type 1 melanocortin receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 melanocortin receptor.


tricuspid valve development

The progression of the tricuspid valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Enlarged uterus

An increase in the overall dimensions or volume of the uterus compared to normal.


U2 snRNA binding

Binding to a U2 small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA).


protein geranylgeranylation

The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.


Carprofen

Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.


proton-dependent peptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a peptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement.


regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin

The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the bloodstream modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. The process begins when renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen.


breast neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm of the breast parenchyma. It can originate from the ducts, lobules or the breast adipose tissue. Breast neoplasms are much more common in females than males.


positive regulation of DNA recombination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.


METHSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE

A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.


synaptic vesicle endocytosis

A vesicle-mediated transport process, in which the synaptic vesicle membrane constituents are retrieved from the presynaptic membrane on the axon terminal after neurotransmitter secretion by exocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis can occur via clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms.


response to dietary excess

The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.


lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


translation repressor activity

Antagonizes ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.


folic acid transport

The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


esophageal candidiasis

Esophagitis resulting from Candida.


[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate. The [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate has a substrate consensus sequence of Glc(N2S>NAc)+/-6S GlcA GlcN2S*+/-6S GlcA>IdoA+/-2S Glc(N2S/NAc)+/-6S.


glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.


negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


mitochondrial RNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


ripoptosome

A protein complex whose core components are the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3 (also called RIP1 and RIP3). Formation of the ripoptosome can induce an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway or a necroptotic signaling pathway. The composition of this protein complex may depend on several factors including nature of the signal, cell type and more.


protein localization to microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule.


regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.


GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity

Prevents the dissociation of GDP from a GTPase, thereby preventing GTP from binding.


negative regulation of glycolytic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.


regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrial cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


self proteolysis

The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.


regulation of T cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.


nucleotide-sugar metabolic process

The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


RNA polymerase III general transcription initiation factor binding

Binding to an RNA polymerase III transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase III.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


secondary adrenal insufficiency

A hormonal disorder that occurs when lack of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion from the hypothalamus or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from the pituitary is responsible for hypofunction of the adrenal cortex.


metanephric ascending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.


tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The branching process in which the mammary gland ducts form tertiary branches off of the secondary branches as part of diestrus and pregnancy.


negative regulation of heart growth

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.


histone H4K20 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


Eye Discharge

Liquid exudate from the eye.


interleukin-2 binding

Binding to interleukin-2.


positive regulation of fatty acid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


GABA-A receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.


neurotransmitter metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.


amylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of amylose or an amylose derivative.


cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex

A cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase complex capable of activating cyclin-dependent kinases by threonine phosphorylation, thus regulating cell cycle progression. consists of a kinase, cyclin and optional assembly factors, in human CDK7, CCNH and MNAT1. CAK activity is itself regulated throughout the cell cycle by T-loop phosphorylation of its kinase component (CDK7 in human). Phosphorylation of serine residues during mitosis inactivates the enzyme. Also capable of CAK phosphorylating the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II and other transcription activating proteins, as part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.


cell differentiation involved in metanephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to acidic pH

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7.


uroporphyrinogen III biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uroporphyrinogen III.


oviduct development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oviduct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.


carnitine shuttle

The transfer of acyl groups to and from acyl-CoA molecules to form O-acylcarnitine, which can exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane with unacylated carnitine.


peptide hormone receptor binding

Binding to a receptor for a peptide hormone.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and two oxygen atoms is incorporated into a donor.


cholangitis

An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the biliary tract.


bicarbonate transport

The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


DNA demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleosides within a DNA molecule.


regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.


3 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 3 iron, 4 sulfur (3Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of three iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. It is essentially a 4Fe-4S cluster with one iron missing.


protein farnesyltransferase complex

A protein complex that possesses protein farnesyltransferase activity.


nose

The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity.


purine nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.


positive regulation of glycogen metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.


Ceruletide

A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.


Increased Energy

Feeling of excessive energy, which may be associated with increased activity.


facial nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the facial nerve is generated and organized. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


hemarthrosis

Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.


lymphangiogenesis

Lymph vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing vessels.


negative regulation of DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.


hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex

A protein complex capable of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and containing subunits of any phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. These complexes are divided in three classes (called I, II and III) that differ for their presence across taxonomic groups and for the type of their constituents. Catalytic subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in all 3 classes; regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in classes I and III; adaptor proteins have been observed in class II complexes and may be present in other classes too.


fatty acid ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of a fatty acid to an acceptor, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.


negative regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


negative regulation of oocyte development

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


NAD biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


ventral spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output.


DNA binding, bending

The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


salpingitis

Acute or chronic inflammation of the fallopian tube. It is most often caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections. The infections usually originate in the vagina and ascend to the fallopian tube. Symptoms include abdominal, pelvic, and lower back pain, pain during ovulation and sexual intercourse, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Complications include infertility and ectopic pregnancy.


protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding

Binding to one or both of the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A.


definitive hemopoiesis

A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood.


positive regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.


carbon catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


PH domain binding

Binding to a PH domain (pleckstrin homology) of a protein, a domain of about 100 residues that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.


Wnt-protein binding

Binding to a Wnt-protein, a secreted growth factor involved in signaling.


negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


glycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule.


negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


regulation of spindle organization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle.


negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


ST segment elevation

An electrocardiographic anomaly in which the ST segment is observed to be located superior to the isoelectric line.


complement activation, lectin pathway

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.


ether hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ether bond, -O-.


seminiferous tubule development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.


proctitis

An inflammatory process affecting the anus. It is usually caused by sexually transmitted infectious agents and/or inflammatory bowel disease.


PRC1 complex

A multiprotein complex that mediates monoubiquitination of lysine residues of histone H2A (lysine-118 in Drosophila or lysine-119 in mammals). The complex is required for stable long-term maintenance of transcriptionally repressed states and is involved in chromatin remodeling.


positive regulation of corticosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.


hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


negative regulation of fatty acid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs.


negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.


calcium channel regulator activity

Modulates the activity of a calcium channel.


translation regulator activity, nucleic acid binding

Any selective and non-covalent interaction with a nucleic acid involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


positive regulation of protein monoubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination.


anterior vena cava

A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart.


sensory perception of umami taste

The series of events required to receive an umami taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates. This is a neurological process.


signal recognition particle

A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes.


cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = pppA(2'p5'A)n oligomers. This reaction requires the binding of double-stranded RNA.


glucuronate catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.


galactosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.


intermediate filament organization

Control of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.


anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in kidney development

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


hatching

The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure.


myosin II complex

A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures.


Decreased diastolic blood pressure

Abnormal decrease in diastolic blood pressure.


steatorrhea

A finding of an excessive amount of fat in the stool.


positive regulation of digestive system process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


T-helper 1 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell. A Th1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.


negative regulation of innate immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.


regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.


Myotonia

An involuntary and painless delay in the relaxation of skeletal muscle following contraction or electrical stimulation.


negative regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.


polar body extrusion after meiotic divisions

The cell cycle process in which two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes.


adenine salvage

Any process that generates adenine, 6-aminopurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


variegate porphyria

Variegate porphyria is a form of acute hepatic porphyria characterized by the occurrence of neuro-visceral attacks with or without the presence of cutaneous lesions.


regulation of constitutive secretory pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway.


purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


autophagosome maturation

Removal of PI3P and Atg8/LC3 after the closure of the phagophore and before the fusion with the endosome/lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects) or vacuole (yeast), and that very likely destabilizes other Atg proteins and thus enables their efficient dissociation and recycling.


microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.


short-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).


rRNA modification

The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


Cogwheel rigidity

A type of rigidity in which a muscle responds with cogwheellike jerks to the use of constant force in bending the limb (i.e., it gives way in little, repeated jerks when the muscle is passively stretched).


ribosome localization

A process in which a ribosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


transdifferentiation

The conversion of a differentiated cell of one fate into a differentiated cell of another fate without first undergoing cell division or reversion to a more primitive or stem cell-like fate.


negative regulation of calcium ion import

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.


hyperprolactinemia

Abnormally high level of prolactin in the blood.


cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


corticosteroid hormone secretion

The regulated release of any corticosteroid hormone into the circulatory system.


cellular response to fructose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.


proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


GMP reductase complex

An oxidoreductase complex which is capable of GMP reductase activity. It catalyses the irreversible reaction: GMP + 2 H+ + NADPH => IMP + NADP+ + NH4.


paracrine signaling

The transfer of information from one cell to another, where the signal travels from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell by passive diffusion or bulk flow in intercellular fluid. The signaling cell and the receiving cell are usually in the vicinity of each other.


Head titubation

A head tremor of moderate speed (3 to 4 Hz) in the anterior-posterior direction.


positive regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides.


negative regulation of inclusion body assembly

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.


phospholipid scramblase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, by an ATP-independent mechanism.


threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. The threonyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a threonine-accetping tRNA.


microtubule anchoring at centrosome

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a centrosome.


adipose tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat.


intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by estrogen binding to an intracellular receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


lung saccule development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells.


specific granule

Granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.


serine/threonine protein kinase complex

A protein complex which is capable of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


mannoprotein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


subpallium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subpallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


regulation of cardioblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


hypervitaminosis A

A symptom complex resulting from ingesting excessive amounts of vitamin A.


regulation of T cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


celiac artery

The first major branch of the abdominal aorta.


insulin-like growth factor binding

Binding to an insulin-like growth factor, any member of a group of polypeptides that are structurally homologous to insulin and share many of its biological activities, but are immunologically distinct from it.


midgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.


mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity

Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide via direct binding (through a selective and non-covalent interaction) to nucleic acid.


Mephobarbital

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.


Cervical lymphadenopathy

Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.


T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.


neuromuscular synaptic transmission

The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse.


long-chain fatty acid binding

Binding to a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


detection of bacterial lipoprotein

The series of events in which a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Bacterial lipoproteins are lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).


DNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.


regulation of interleukin-2 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.


UMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UMP, uridine monophosphate.


G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


kinetochore microtubule

Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation.


ectoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.


negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.


negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


positive regulation of coagulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.


prostate gland morphogenetic growth

The differential increase in size or mass of the prostate gland that contributes to the gland attaining its form.


negative regulation of translational initiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.


icosanoid binding

Binding to icosanoids, any C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids or their derivatives, including the leukotrienes and the prostanoids.


prostaglandin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.


brain ischemia

Diminished or absent blood supply to the brain caused by obstruction (thrombosis or embolism) of an artery resulting in neurologic damage.


protein dealkylation

The removal of an alkyl group from a protein amino acid. Alkyl groups are derived from alkanes by removal of one hydrogen atom.


establishment of anatomical structure orientation

The process that determines the orientation of an anatomical structure with reference to an axis.


intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule.


early endosome to Golgi transport

The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi.


Bethanechol

The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.


impetigo

A contagious bacterial cutaneous infection that affects children and is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It usually presents in the face with honey colored scabs.


trigeminal nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


metanephric loop of Henle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros.


positive regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


methylated histone binding

Binding to a histone in which a residue has been modified by methylation.


positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


vestibulocochlear nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the vestibulocochlear nerve is generated and organized. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


glottis

The vocal apparatus of the larynx, which includes the vocal cords and the opening between them.


C-C chemokine binding

Binding to a C-C chemokine; C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.


replication fork protection complex

A protein complex conserved in eukaryotes and associated with the replication fork; the complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and is thought to be involved in coordinating leading- and lagging-strand synthesis and in replication checkpoint signaling.


cobalamin transport

The directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion, neurotransmission

The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell, in which the gamma-aminobutyric acid acts as a neurotransmitter.


autoimmune hepatitis

Hepatitis caused by autoantibodies. Drugs, infections, and toxins may trigger the production of the autoantibodies against the liver parenchyma.


lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the lumen.


ErbB-3 class receptor binding

Binding to the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-3/HER3.


hemidesmosome

A cell-substrate junction (attachment structure) found in epithelial cells that links intermediate filaments to extracellular matrices via transmembrane complexes. In vertebrates, hemidesmosomes mediate contact between the basal side of epithelial cells and the basal lamina. In C. elegans, hemidesmosomes connect epithelial cells to distinct extracellular matrices on both the apical and basal cell surfaces.


measles

A highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. Symptoms appear 8-12 days after exposure and include a rash, cough, fever and muscle pains that can last 4-7 days. Measles vaccines are available to provide prophylaxis, usually combined with mumps and rubella vaccines (MMR).


calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates of the activity of the enzyme calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase.


azurophil granule

Primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes. Contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.


cholesterol homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.


pyridine nucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.


Sinus Pain

Painful sensation in the face, between the eyes, or upper teeth originating from the sinuses. It is usually caused by sinus infections.


[methionine synthase] reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [methionine synthase]-cob(II)alamin + NADPH + H+ + S-adenosyl methionine = [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin + S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+.


lipid digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


exostosis

Non-neoplastic overgrowth of bone.


C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.


cadmium ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


growth cone membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a growth cone.


negative regulation of organelle assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.


polyol transmembrane transport

The directed movement of polyols, any polyhydric alcohol, across a membrane.


intestine secretion

Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine.


Arterial thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot inside an artery.


regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.


regulation of immune response to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.


positive regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation.


Left bundle branch block

A conduction block of the left branch of the bundle of His. This manifests as a generalized disturbance of QRS morphology on EKG.


muscle of abdomen

Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis.


regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


kinocilium

A nonmotile primary cilium that is found at the apical surface of auditory receptor cells. The kinocilium is surrounded by actin-based stereocilia.


Generalized non-convulsive status epilepticus without coma is a type of status epilepticus without prominent motor signs, which is electrographically generalized. It is a prolonged absence seizure.


regulation of ARF protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.


temporal bone

The large, irregular bone located at the base and side of the skull; consists of three parts at birth: squamous, tympanic, and petrous.


positive regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


detection of other organism

The series of events in which a stimulus from another organism is received and converted into a molecular signal.


MHC protein binding

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.


CARD domain binding

Binding to a CARD (N-terminal caspase recruitment) domain, a protein-protein interaction domain that belongs to the death domain-fold superfamily. These protein molecule families are similar in structure with each consisting of six or seven anti-parallel alpha-helices that form highly specific homophilic interactions between signaling partners. CARD exists in the N-terminal prodomains of several caspases and in apoptosis-regulatory proteins and mediates the assembly of CARD-containing proteins that participate in activation or suppression of CARD carrying members of the caspase family.


positive regulation of protein sumoylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


dolichyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative. In eukaryotes, these function as carriers of mono- and oligosaccharide residues in the glycosylation of lipids and proteins within intracellular membranes.


endoplasmic reticulum localization

Any process in which endoplasmic reticulum is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 protein complex

A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6).


L-methionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid.


regulation of triglyceride metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


NEDD8 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of NEDD8 from one protein to another via the reaction X-NEDD8 + Y = Y-NEDD8 + X, where both X-NEDD8 and Y-NEDD8 are covalent linkages.


androsterone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione.