G protein-coupled receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

A G protein-coupled receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is part of a GPCR signaling pathway that positively regulates ion channel activity in the postsynaptic membrane.


corticosterone binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to corticosterone.


galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose.


positive regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

Any process that induces or promotes atrichoblast fate specification.


octopamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.


maltose binding

Binding to maltose.


catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.


anaerobic 2-aminobenzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzoate, a derivative of benzoic acid with an NH2 group attached to C2, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.


main body follicle cell migration

The ovarian follicle cell migration process in which follicle cells migrate posteriorly to form a columnar epithelium over the oocyte.


embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


septal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of septal cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


N-ethylmaleimide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-ethylmaleimide + NADPH + 2 H+ = N-ethylsuccinimide + NADP+.


negative regulation of endocytic recycling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.


recombinational interstrand cross-link repair

Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region.


intracellular bile acid receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a bile acid binding to an receptor located within a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


histidine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = urocanate + NH3.


regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.


phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + NADH + H+.


flocculation

The reversible, non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms in suspension to form aggregates of many cells known as flocs.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate.


ferric-vibriobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric-vibriobactin ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.


regulation of cerebellar neuron development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.


beta-carotene oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + 2 O2 = 2 beta-ionone + 4,9-dimethyldodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenedial.


negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.


far-red light signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


(-)-endo-fenchol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (-)-endo-fenchol + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene = Cl- + H+ + 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone.


primary oocyte stage

The stage in oogenesis when the oocyte has a nucleus slightly larger than those of the adjacent cells and is surrounded by a layer of loose squamous epithelial cells.


maintenance of protein location in membrane

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


glycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerate from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that increases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


SCF complex disassembly in response to cadmium stress

The disaggregation of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in response to cadmium stress.


formyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + formate + H+.


negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.


penicillinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a penicillin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the penicillin.


regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + propionyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA + propionate.


cortisol binding

Binding to cortisol.


The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


peptide cross-linking via 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone

The formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone cross-links by the formation of a sulfenylamide bond between cysteine or cysteine sulfenic acid, and the alpha-amido of the following residue.


positive regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


conversion of aspartyl-tRNA to asparaginyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of aspartate charged on a tRNA(Asn) to asparaginyl-tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: flavonol 3-O-glycoside + UDP-D-xylose = flavonol 3-O-D-xylosylglycoside + UDP.


protein desuccinylation

The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.


response to mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint signaling.


aerobic respiration, using arsenite as electron donor

The oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Arsenite oxidase provides electrons to an electron carrier which transfers them to oxygen utilizing respiratory systems.


The acetylation of the N-terminal arginine of proteins; catalyzed by an uncharacterized arginyl-peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose 6-phosphate = D-tagatose 6-phosphate.


positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.


pyridoxine 4-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + O2 = pyridoxal + H2O2.


NADPH pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H2O = NMNH + ADP.


D-serine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.


oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


disruption by symbiont of host cell PML body

The breakdown, by the symbiont, of a PML body within a host cell. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


interleukin-13 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-13 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


phosphoenolpyruvate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a phosphoenolpyruvate from one side of a membrane to the other.


cap-independent translational initiation of linear mRNA

The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate linear mRNA translation.


high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


borate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of borate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


paspalinine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: paspalicine + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> paspalinine + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: nuatigenin + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + nuatigenin 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.


adipate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adipate + CoASH = adipyl-CoA + OH-.


galactonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + H2O.


stamen filament development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the filament over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Filament is the stalk of a stamen.


negative regulation of beta-galactosidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2-methylbutanal + CO2.


linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9S,10E,12Z)-9-hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoate.


maintenance of protein location in mast cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


(S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido) succinate lyase (fumarate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


copper incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide

The incorporation of copper into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR2) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


nitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.


cellular response to indolebutyric acid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.


photosynthesis, light reaction

The light reactions of photosynthesis, which take place in photosystems II and I. Light energy is harvested and used to power the transfer of electrons among a series of electron donors and acceptors. The final electron acceptor is NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH. NADPH generated from light reactions is used in sugar synthesis in dark reactions. Light reactions also generate a proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane, and the proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP. There are two chemical reactions involved in the light reactions: water oxidation in photosystem II, and NADP reduction in photosystem I.


endocannabinoid signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an endocannabinoid binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Endocannabinoids are small molecules derived from arachidonic acid, anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.


phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + O2 = 2-phenylacetamide + CO2 + H2O.


negative regulation of basophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.


regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.


7,8-dihydroxy benzo(a)pyrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-7,8-dihydrodiol + O2 = cis-4-(7-hydroxypyren-8-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-ribosyl-base1 + base2 = 2-deoxy-D-ribosyl-base2 + base1.


EGF-domain serine xylosyltransferase activity

Catalyses the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-xylosyl)-L-serine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene = 2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate.


regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity in response to neurotrophin

The process in which a neurotrophic factor induces neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


negative regulation of forward locomotion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of forward locomotion.


calcium ion binding involved in regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The directed change of cytosolic calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in cytosolic calcium concentrations.


starch granule initiation

The sequence of events that initiates (or primes) the synthesis of semi-crystalline starch granules within photosynthetic chloroplasts or non-photosynthetic amyloplasts.


pentose catabolic process to butan-1-ol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to butan-1-ol.


18S rRNA (adenine(1779)-N(6)/adenine(1780)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1779)/adenine(1780) in 18S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1779)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1780) in 18S rRNA.


catalytic activity, acting on RNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


peptidyl-aspartic acid carboxylation

The carboxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-carboxyaspartic acid.


retina blood vessel maintenance

A retina homeostatic process preventing the degeneration of a retina blood vessel.


Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidylethanolamine.


cellular response to maltose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.


regulation of brood size

Any process that modulates brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


(R)-mevalonic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mevalonic acid.


delta6-acyl-lipid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a gamma-linolenoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ <=> a (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-6-ynoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


lactate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


histone H3K122 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 122) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 122).


L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


holocytochrome-c synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: holocytochrome c = apocytochrome c + heme.


negative regulation of fat cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.


dihydride TNP tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: TNP dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form) = TNP dihydride Meisenheimer complex (nitro form).


cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + L-homocysteine = cystathionine + H2O.


ABC-type bacteriocin transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a bacteriocin from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an soluble gas ligand.


modulation of nutrient release by symbiont

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tetrahymanol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = tetrahymanol.


structural constituent of vitelline membrane

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the vitelline membrane of an egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrahydromethanopterin.


negative regulation of response to drug

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.


renal tubular secretion

The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs.


ureidosuccinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H2O + 2 H+ = L-aspartate + CO2 + NH4.


long-chain fatty acid omega-1 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an (omega-1)-ethyl long-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = an (omega-1)-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase.


Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoylshikimate + coenzyme A <=> caffeoyl-CoA + shikimate.


inflorescence phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of flowers around a central axis in an inflorescence meristem.


ribitol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol + NAD+ = D-ribulose + H+ + NADH.


basal dendrite arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the basal neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.


high-affinity thiamine:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: thiamine(out) + H+(out) = thiamine(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


xanthosine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols.


protease localization to T cell secretory granule

Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


depsipeptide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.


protein linear deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is removed from a protein.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sucrose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sucrose(out) = protein histidine + sucrose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


limb basal epidermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb basal epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cell-cell signaling involved in mesonephros development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


poly(C) RNA binding

Binding to a sequence of cytosine residues in an RNA molecule.


DNA-binding transcription factor activity

A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + diacylglycerol.


negative regulation of peptide antigen transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.


L-arabinokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + ATP = beta-L-arabinose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol = 17-beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one + NADH + H+.


regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


growth hormone secretagogue receptor activity

Combining with ghrelin to initiate a change in cell activity.


myoblast fate commitment involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which the developmental fate of a satellite cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


cellular response to nitrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


positive regulation of maternal process involved in parturition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.


membrane curvature sensor activity

Preferential binding of proteins on curved membranes. The binding to curved membranes by insertion (aka wedging) to curved membranes is mediated by both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces of the helix of membrane curvature sensing (MCS) proteins.


oleoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oleic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + oleoyl-CoA.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


nitrite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitrite (NO2-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


trans-zeatin-O-glucoside UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-zeatin = H+ + trans-zeatin-O-glucoside-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


4,9-DSHA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3E,1Z)-4,5-9,10-diseco-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-diene-4-oate + H2O = (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oate + H+.


Atg12 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG12, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


DNA ligation involved in DNA recombination

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA recombination.


regulation of compound eye pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


methionine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine.


fungal-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fungal-type cell wall.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + Na+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + Na+(in).


nucleoside oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: inosine + O2 = 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O; (1a) 2 inosine + O2 = 2 5'-dehydroinosine + 2 H2O, and (1b) 2 5'-dehydroinosine + O2 = 2 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O.


long descending thin limb bend development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment.


specification of plant organ position

The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which plant organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new plant organ.


piperitol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (+)-pinoresinol + NADPH + O2 <=> (+)-piperitol + NADP + 2 H2O.


2,4-dichlorobenzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


positive regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.


haustorium neck formation

The assembly by the symbiont of a neck-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. The neck-like structure connects haustorium mother cell and haustorium. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to olanzapine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an olanzapine stimulus.


negative regulation of lipid localization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.


regulation of pro-T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.


high-affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have a pH above 7. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


sarcosine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + methylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N-methylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


PLC activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system.


phytosteroid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosteroids, steroids of higher plants that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.


mitotic anaphase

The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


tri-(coumaroyl or caffeoyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on tricoumaroyl spermidine or any of its mono- or dicaffeoyl spermidine derivatives.


cellular response to tetracycline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


negative regulation of killing of cells of another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.


vanillate amino acid synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + ATP + amino acid = vanillate amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


galacturonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


D-arginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arginine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid arginine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


L-glucuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NADP+ = D-glucuronate + H+ + NADPH.


acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from ethanol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from ethanol via acetaldehyde.


P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex localization

Any process in which the P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


cellular response to mercaptoethanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.


positive regulation of cellobiose metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-1-phosphatidylethanolamine + L-serine <=> L-1-phosphatidylserine + ethanolamine.


vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.


acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + formate + H+.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fucose(out) + H+(out) = fucose(in) + H+(in).


dimethyl sulfoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfoxide + H+ = dimethyl sulfide + H2O.


sesquiterpene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = a sesquiterpene + diphosphate. Sesquiterpenes are terpenes containing three isoprene units, i.e. 15 carbons.


replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange

The repair of a replication-born double-strand DNA break in which the DNA molecule is repaired using the homologous sequence of the sister chromatid which serves as a template to repair the breaks.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.


negative regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


renal albumin absorption

A renal system process in which albumin is taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron.


3-cyano-L-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-cyano-L-alanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + CTP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


positive regulation of sporangium germination

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.


IAA-Phe conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-phenylalanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + phenylalanine.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + H+(out) = galactose(in) + H+(in).


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


HLA-C specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-C subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


alcohol O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an acetyl ester.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-amino-4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N,N-dimethylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + H2O = NADH + 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


rhombomere 7 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 7 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


seed abscission

The controlled shedding of a seed.


isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine

The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glutamine to produce N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine.


behavioral defense response to nematode

A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism.


10-deacetylbaccatin III 10-O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deacetylbaccatin III + acetyl-CoA = baccatin III + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(645) in 25S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(1)-methyladenine(645) in 25S rRNA.


aspartic acid methylthiotransferase activity

Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) of the beta-carbon of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


negative regulation of cellobiose metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.


reticuline oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-reticuline + O2 = (S)-scoulerine + H2O2 + H+.


negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process by which one organism decreases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


negative regulation of hyphopodium formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


protein localization to mast cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O + NAD+ = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + 2 H+ + NADH.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate during dorsal closure. Leading edge cells are the dorsal-most cells of the migrating epidermis.


Catalysis of the reaction: a halohydrin = an epoxide + a hydrogen halide.


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.


envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.


O-glycan processing, core 3

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 3 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.


protein depalmitoleylation

The removal of palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from a lipoprotein.


non-lytic viral release

The exit of a viral particle from a host cell that does not involve cell lysis.


magnetoreception

The series of events required for an organism to receive a stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Stimuli may be chemical, mechanical or electrical and interpreting these stimuli allows an organism to determine the orientation of a magnetic field. Magnetoreception also involves the perception of light; birds cannot orient without the presence of short wavelength (blue/green) light.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and a copper protein is the acceptor.


N-terminal peptidyl-serine methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = coniferin + UDP.


arylacetonitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile = 4-chlorophenylacetate + NH3.


anal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


urease activity

Catalysis of the reaction: urea + H2O = CO2 + 2 NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-exo-hydroxycamphor + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-diketocamphane.


Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.


phenylalanine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + H2O + NAD+ = phenylpyruvate + NH3 + NADH.


fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

A process in which force is generated within fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fast-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by fast time parameters, high force development and fatiguability.


positive regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.


evasion by virus of host dendritic cell activity

Any process by which a virus avoids the effects mediated by the host organism's dendritic cells.


tRNA guanine ribose methylation

The process whereby a guanosine residue in a tRNA is methylated on the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose moiety.


negative regulation of renal water transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.


response to flooding

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water.


regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.


chromate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chromate from one side of a membrane to the other. Chromate is the anion of chromic acid, H2CrO4 (aq) or CrO3.


response to trichodermin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate.


eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer 8C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 8C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol + UDP(3-) + H+.


astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron signaling

Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from an astrocyte to a dopaminergic neuron.


aldos-2-ulose dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one + H2O; (1a) 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O and (1b) 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one.


macronucleus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the macronucleus.


B cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a B cell.


deoxyuridine 1'-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone + CO2 + succinate + uracil.


viral DNA repair

The process of restoring viral DNA after damage or errors in replication.


alveolar secondary septum development

The progression of a secondary alveolar septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A secondary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that subdivides the initial saccule.


beta-ureidopropionase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + CO2 + NH3.


negative regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.


clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle

The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + pyruvate.


pyripyropene A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyripyropene A.


telomere maintenance via telomere trimming

A process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure via the activation of telomere shortening pathways that compensate telomerase-dependent excessive telomere elongation. Telomere attrition is mediated by a mechanism which involves the generation of single-stranded C-rich telomeric DNA, and the formation and removal of double-stranded telomeric circular DNA (T-circles). Telomere trimming is an independent pathway to recombination-mediated telomere elongation and the well-documented gradual telomere attrition that accompanies cellular replication.


trimming of second mannose on A branch

The removal of the second alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


N-terminal peptidyl-valine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-valine.


3'-5' RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template, via extension of the 5'-end.


(S)-limonene 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + H2O + NADP+.


mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


mitochondrial double-strand break repair

The repair of double-strand breaks in mitochondrial DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.


mannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannan, a group of polysaccharides containing a backbone composed of a polymer of D-mannose units.


malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH + H+.


GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when GABA has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


symbiont defense to host-produced phytoalexin

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.


epoxide dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethene oxide + NAD+ + CoA-SH = NADH + H+ + acetyl-CoA.


cellular response to polyamine macromolecule

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure involved in acute-phase response

Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.


protein localization to mitotic spindle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle.


deoxyguanosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


arsenite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


lung field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop.


detection of muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

The series of events by which a muscle activity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


cellular detoxification of copper ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ions in a cell. These include transport of copper cations away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


early distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The early distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive.


Catalysis of the reaction: (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA = (24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA + H2O.


positive regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment

Any process that increases the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20a in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil20a in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


cellular response to D-galactosamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactosamine stimulus.


initiation of dorsal closure

Events that occur at the start of dorsal closure.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


leaf abscission

The controlled shedding of a leaf.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-methionine.


interleukin-22 production

The appearance of interleukin-22 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan.


The carboxylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-carboxy-L-methionine.


chlorophyllide b:geranyl-geranyl diphosphate geranyl-geranyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + chlorophyllide b(1-) + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate <=> geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll b + diphosphoric acid.


establishment of animal organ orientation

The process that determines the orientation of an animal organ or tissue with reference to an axis.


tetrachloroethylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrachloroethylene, a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines.


phenylalanine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = phenylethylamine + CO2.


Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + CTP = 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + diphosphate.


perillic acid-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + perillyl-CoA.


translocation of peptides or proteins into symbiont

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.


minus-end directed microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the minus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.


CCL21-activated CCR7 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to a C-C chemokine type 7 receptor (CCR7) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


mitochondrial mRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule that derives from the mitochondrial genome.


pyridoxamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


stringent response

A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation.


peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-phenylalanine

The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-phenylalanine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-phenylalanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxy-D-ribulos-1-ylimino)methylamino]-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


D-arabitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


neural fold hinge point formation

The formation of the median and lateral hinge points in the neural folds. These are created by apical constriction and basal expansion of the underlying neural cells. The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube.


trisporic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trisporic acid, a carotenoic acid derivative used as a pheromone in some species of Zygomycota.


negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that negatively regulates the sensory perception of pain in a different organism.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic arch baroreceptor feedback

The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the aorta and responding to the input via central nervous system control.


Roundabout signaling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell

Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in the directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


glial cell projection elongation

The process of creating an elongation or projection from a glial cell.


glycol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


specification of segmental identity, thorax

The specification of the characteristic structures of the thoracic segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


xanthine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O = 4-ureido-5-imidazole carboxylate.


viral double stranded DNA replication via reverse transcription

A DNA replication process that uses viral RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strands.


site-specific DNA replication termination

A DNA replication termination process that takes place at a specific termination site.


methanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methanol + NAD+ = formaldehyde + H+ + NADH.


nucleobase-containing small molecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.


diaminopimelate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O + NADP+ = L-2-amino-6-oxopimelate + H+ + NADPH + NH4.


disruption of tissue in another organism

The disruption of the a tissue of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that tissue.


chorion micropyle formation

Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate + 1/2 O2 = 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl propionate.


lycopene cleavage oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lycopene + 2 O2 <=> 2 sulcatone + bixin aldehyde.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis.


response to chitin

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.


regulation of timing of animal organ formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation at a consistent predetermined time point during development.


L-lysine-lactamase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexano-6-lactam + H2O = L-lysine.


lncRNA transcription

The transcription of lncRNAs, non-coding RNAs over 200 nucleotides in length, from a DNA template.


regulation of autophagosome size

Any process that modulates the size of the autophagosome.


folic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid.


D-glucuronate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.


tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H+ + a tRNA uridine34 + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine = AMP + diphosphoric acid + a tRNA 2-thiouridine34 + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-L-cysteine.


degradation of host chromosome by virus

The catabolic breakdown of the DNA of a host chromosome by a virus. This occurs during infection of bacteria by some phages. It frees up a large pool of nucleoside 5'-triphophates for use in viral DNA synthesis.


regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating in cell shape.


positive regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


oral/aboral axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a line that delineates the mouth and the anus of an embryo.


thiamine-diphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamin diphosphate = ADP + thiamin triphosphate.


negative regulation of smooth muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.


negative regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


Catalysis of the reaction: didemethylisoproturon + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


carbon tetrachloride catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.


gibberellin A9 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A9 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A9 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


superior olivary nucleus structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the superior olivary nucleus structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


4-oxoproline reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-proline + NAD+ = 4-oxoproline + NADH + H+.


achromobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine

The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine (3-methyl-L-lanthionine).


zona limitans intrathalamica formation

The formation of the narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon.


positive regulation of purine nucleoside transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


4-toluenecarboxylate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.


positive regulation of renal water transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.


negative regulation of macrophage proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage proliferation.


vanillate monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + vanillate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + formaldehyde + H2O + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9alpha-copalyl diphosphate = diphosphate + syn-isopimara-7,15-diene.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-phosphonooxypyruvate + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction:O2 + peregrinol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + labd-13Z-ene-9,15,16-triol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


methane monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methane + NADPH + H+ + O2 = methanol + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mixed phospho-anhydride bonds.


fructose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by neural stimulation via neuromuscular junction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by variation of the pattern of stimulation by nervous system.


dammarenediol 12-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dammarenediol-II + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> (20S)-protopanaxadiol + NADP + H2O.


cytoskeletal protein-membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein or protein complex and a plasma membrane lipid or membrane-associated protein, in order to maintain the localization of the cytoskeleton at a specific cortical membrane location.


female germ-line cyst formation

Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.


response to mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.


D-ribose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-ribose from one side of a membrane to the other. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.


cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) + ATP = cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (cDPG) + ADP + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2 H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate = cis -4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: formylaminopyrimidine + H2O <=> 4-amino-5-ammoniomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + formate.


L-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H2O + O2 = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4.


salutaridine reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (7S)-salutaridinol + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + salutaridine.


response to gastrin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.


metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell.


hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + hydrogenobyrinate = 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 4 H+ + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.


2-furoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-furoate + ATP + CoA = 2-furoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate + H+.


positive regulation of nucleoside transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.


diacylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of diacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate diacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


rostral hindbrain neuronal precursor cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to neurons of the lateral pontine nucleus and the locus ceruleus.


sperm individualization

The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: methylazoxymethanol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + cycasin + UDP.


serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine O-sulfate + H2O = pyruvate + NH3 + sulfate.


regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R8 differentiation.


nopaline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.


notum cell fate specification

The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment.


lipoarabinomannan immune receptor activity

Combining with lipoarabinomannan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


R8 cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


olfactory nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the olfactory nerve is generated and organized. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


viral budding from inner nuclear membrane

The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host inner nuclear membrane system into the perinuclear space, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.


deoxyuridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


cell wall chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.


clypeus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the clypeus are generated and organized.


DDT-dehydrochlorinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene + chloride + H+.


cibarial fish-trap bristle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cibarial fish-trap bristle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.


ecdysteroid 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 25. Ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, particularly metamorphosis, in insects and other arthropods.


isoguanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isoguanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.


response to chemokine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


L-fuculokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuculose + ATP = L-fuculose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


threonine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = D-threonine.


aflatoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


ring gland development

Progression of the ring gland over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The ring gland is a neuroendocrine organ found in higher Dipterans, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiacum. The ring gland is the site of production and release of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones.


negative regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


peripheral mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an epithelial cell at the periphery of the mammary gland bud. Cells at the periphery of the bud are larger that those of the surrounding epithelium and are arranged concentrically.


non-photoreactive DNA repair

A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.


Catalysis of the reaction: (EE)-geranyllinalool + NADPH + O2 = 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C18-farnesylacetone and then cleaved to produce 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) and acetone.


1,3-dichloropropene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving members of the 1,3-dichloropropene family, which includes cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. The 1,3-dichloropropenes are chlorinated hydrocarbons and the major active ingredients of commercial products for control of plant-parasitic nematodes.


LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.


orcinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.


butyryl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA.


positive regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


benzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.


trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + trans-ferulate = (E)-feruloyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + putrescine = N-carbamoylputrescine + H+ + phosphate.


spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


astaxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of astaxanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a trans-methoxy-C60-meroacyl-[acp] <=> diphosphoric acid + a trans-methoxy-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


aecium development

The process in which a cup-like structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed. This is characteristic of the rust fungus and typically, the first dikaryotic spores (aeciospores) are produced in the aecium.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of transdifferentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection are generated and organized.


regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


petal formation

The process that gives rise to the petal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


monoamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 = RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + H2O = naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA.


regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.


[ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-N6-methyl-L-lysine.


catalytic activity, acting on a rRNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a ribosomal RNA.


L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + NAD+ = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.


dehydroaustinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dehydroaustinol.


primary alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


CAT tailing

The C-terminal elongation of 60S-anchored stalled nascent polypeptide chains with untemplated alanine and threonine tails (CAT tails). CAT tails participate in the recognition of stalled nascent chains by the ribosome quality control sytem.


endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling

Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.


negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid = 3-geranyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphoric acid.


mevalonate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ADP + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate + H2O = AMP + NH4+. Other substrates include AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester and AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester.


negative regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + CDP-diacylglycerol = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + CMP + H+.


tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation.


disruption by symbiont of host focal adhesion

The process by which a symbiont disupts host focal adhesion in its host.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


adhesion of symbiont spore to host

The attachment of a spore of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone + NAD+ = 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + NADH.


coenzyme F420-dependent N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.


ionotropic bitter taste receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific bitter compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H2O + NAD+ = (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + 2 H+ + NADH.


colon smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry of the large intestine, exclusive of the rectum. The colon is that part of the large intestine that connects the small intestine to the rectum.


nuclear receptor corepressor activity

A transcription corepressor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Nuclear receptor corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription nuclear receptor corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H+ + triphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H2O + NAD+ = 4-sulfobenzoate + 2 H+ + NADH.


exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to plasma membrane

The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor-containing vesicles with plasma membrane, resulting in the integration of neurotransmitter receptors into the plasma membrane. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.


positive regulation of AV node cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.


polarity specification of dorsal/ventral axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the dorsal/ventral axis.


UDP-glucose: 4-methylthiobutylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 4-methylthiobutylhydroximate <=> H+ + 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


orlandin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orlandin.


aspartate 4-decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = L-alanine + CO2.


isopentenyl adenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.


DNA-binding transcription activator activity

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets.


polyacyltrehalose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.


secondary cell wall biogenesis involved in seed trichome differentiation

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall of seed trichomes after cell expansion is complete.


histone H2A ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H2A substrate.


response to arsenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.


dGDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).


solanine UDP-galactose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + solanidine = H+ + gamma-solanine + UDP.


regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.


juvenile hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-34 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cyclomaltodextrinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + cyclomaltodextrin = linear maltodextrin.


regulation of starch metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.


serine-pyruvate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine.


cellular response to brassinosteroid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.


mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] + D-mannitol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + D-fructose + 2 H+.


stemar-13-ene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemar-13-ene + diphosphate.


thioacetamide S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S-oxide + H2O.


spindle pole body-led chromosome movement during mitotic interphase

A microtubule-based process in which chromosomes migrate as a result of rapid spindle pole body (SPB) and centrosome oscillations during mitotic interphase.


negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


meiotic S phase

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + calmodulin L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + calmodulin N6-methyl-L-lysine.


isocitrate epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threo-isocitrate = D-erythro-isocitrate.


peptidyl-leucine modification

The modification of peptidyl-leucine.


S-formylglutathione hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H+.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


boss receptor activity

Combining with a protein bride of sevenless (boss) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine <=> N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UMP.


xylogalacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues.


2-ethylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-2-ethylmalate + CoA + H+.


chitin disaccharide deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-[2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + H2O = 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + acetate.


Viteagnusin D synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + viteagnusin D.


compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.


Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and a ventricular cardiac muscle cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


D-serine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


autotransporter activity

Transports a passenger protein from the periplasm to the external milieu; the passenger protein and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.


negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity by peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

A peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation that results in negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.


regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


beta2-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta2-adrenergic receptors.