Interstitial Fibrosis Assessment

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tubal pregnancy

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

An abnormal pregnancy in which the conception is implanted in the fallopian tube.


tubulin complex

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A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly.


Enlarged ovaries

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outward rectifier potassium channel activity

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Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the outward flow of K+ ions exceeds the inward flow for the opposite driving force.


gene conversion

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor. The resulting acceptor sequence is identical to that of the donor.


chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.


negative regulation of glial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.


negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


xylulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex

A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which are capable of catalyzing the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA and the subsequent synthesis of a smal stretch of DNA. The smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis.


B cell receptor complex

An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


myelodysplastic syndrome with single lineage dysplasia

A myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by dysplasia seen in at least 10% of the early cells of 1 cell type (either red blood cells, white blood cells, or megakaryocytes) in the bone marrow.


alveolar periostitis

A condition sometimes occurring after tooth extraction, particularly after traumatic extraction, resulting in a dry appearance of the exposed bone in the socket, due to disintegration or loss of the blood clot. It is basically a focal osteomyelitis without suppuration and is accompanied by severe pain (alveolalgia) and foul odor. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Threonine

An optically active form of threonine having L-configuration.


LIM domain binding

Binding to a LIM domain (for Lin-11 Isl-1 Mec-3) of a protein, a domain with seven conserved cysteine residues and a histidine, that binds two zinc ions and acts as an interface for protein-protein interactions.


glial cell projection

A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell.


Cyclophoria

A form of latent strabismus (heterophoria) in which the occluded eye wheel-rotates on dissociation.


tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine.


sulfur amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.


pigment granule aggregation in cell center

The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell.


regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


mucus secretion

The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function.


cauda equina syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome refers to a group of symptoms that occur when some of the nerves in the cauda equina (the bundle of nerves that spread out from the bottom of the spinal cord) become compressed and/or damaged. Signs and symptoms of this condition include pain, numbness, or tingling in the lower back and/or legs; ' foot drop '; problems with bowel and/or bladder control; and sexual dysfunction. Cauda equina syndrome may be caused by a herniated disk, tumor, infection, fracture, or spinal stenosis. Treatment usually targets the underlying cause of the condition and often includes surgery to remove the material that is pressing on the nerves. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and/or other services may be required if symptoms persist following surgery.


response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, nitrogenous group as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a nitrogenous group.


establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures.


type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


enamel mineralization

The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel.


host cell cytoplasm

The cytoplasm of a host cell.


forebrain radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the forebrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


regulation of cilium beat frequency

Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


aster

An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.


negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.


xylulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


Skin fissure

A clearly-defined and roughly linear cleavage in the skin that usually extends to the dermis.


substantia propria of cornea

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The lamellated connective tissue of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes.


regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


pancreas morphogenesis

Morphogenesis of the pancreas. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


Acral Erythema

Reddening of the palmar and plantar regions of the body with occasional involvement of the distal extremities.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, including RNA fragments released as part of processing the primary transcript into multiple mature rRNA species, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA.


cell wall glycoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall glycoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound sugar residues.


positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


leucine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + ATP + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + Leu-tRNA(Leu).


'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).


RS domain binding

Binding to an RS domain of a protein; RS domains are usually highly phosphorylated and characterized by the presence of arginine (R)/serine (S) dipeptides. The RS domain promotes protein-protein interactions and directs subcellular localization and, in certain situations, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of individual SR proteins. They also play a role in splicing.


complement component C1 complex

A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.


Shakes

Unsteadiness or trembling movements of the whole body or a body part.


negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of autophagosome maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.


hemophilia A

The most common form of hemophilia characterized by spontaneous or prolonged hemorrhages due to factor VIII deficiency.


establishment of apical/basal cell polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


coenzyme A transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of coenzyme A from one side of a membrane to the other. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


regulation of centriole replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole.


positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


nephrogenic mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephrogenic mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of nephrogenic mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.


Golgi trans cisterna

The Golgi cisterna farthest from the endoplasmic reticulum; the final processing compartment through which proteins pass before exiting the Golgi apparatus; the compartment in which N-linked protein glycosylation is completed.


pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a Cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA or circRNA translation.


Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof).


N-glycan processing to lysosome

The modification of high-mannose N-glycans by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase and the subsequent removal of the N-acetylglucosamine residues yielding mannose-6-P that occurs in the ER-Golgi apparatus to N-glycans destined for the lysosome.


Leukonychia

White discoloration of the nails.


translocon complex

A protein complex that constitutes a specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. The complex contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins.


CRD-mediated mRNA stability complex

A protein complex that binds to, and promotes stabilization of, mRNA molecules containing the coding region instability determinant (CRD). In human, it may consist of IGF2BP1, HNRNPU, SYNCRIP/HNRNPQ, YBX1, and DHX9.


response to staurosporine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.


pressure natriuresis

The process in which the volume of blood increases renal pressure and thereby results in both an increase in urine volume (diuresis) and an increase in the amount of sodium excreted in the urine (natriuresis).


negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).


vasomotor rhinitis

Inflammation in the nasal cavity mucosa that results from the abnormal regulation of the blood flow in the nose. It may be caused by temperature fluctuations, air pollution, strong odors, and tobacco smoke. It results in chronic nasal congestion, sneezing, and running nose.


Hypovolemic shock

A state of shock characterized by decreased circulating blood volume in relation to total vascular capacity. This type of shock is characterized by a reduction of diastolic filling pressures.


neutrophil-mediated killing of symbiont cell

The directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of dopamine secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


neuronal ion channel clustering

The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation.


regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.


Needle injury

A penetrating stab wound from a needle (or other sharp object) that may result in exposure to blood or other body fluids.


trauma to the abdomen

Trauma to the abdomen.


epithelial cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

The movement of cilia of epithelial cells of the Left Right Organizer (LRO), also referred to as the node in mouse or the Kupffer's vesicle in zebrafish, resulting in the leftward fluid flow across the LRO and generation or transport of a signal which determines asymmetry in an organism's body plan with respect to the left and right halves.


positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.


peripheral nervous system myelin formation

The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.


mesonephric duct formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric duct. A mesonephric duct is a tube that drains the mesonephros.


calcium sensitive guanylate cyclase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of guanylate cyclase in response to a change in calcium ion concentration.


snRNA transcription

The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template.


hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A condition in which the myocardium is hypertrophied without an obvious cause. The hypertrophy is generally asymmetric and may be associated with obstruction of the ventricular outflow tract.


regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


negative regulation of fermentation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation.


mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in which a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation.


regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.


hepatocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.


negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


paracoccidioidomycosis

A systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis that is most often seen in immunocompromised patients. It affects the mucous membranes, lymph nodes, lungs and bones.


positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cobalt ion binding

Binding to a cobalt ion (Co).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


GMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


detection of monosaccharide stimulus

The series of events in which a stimulus from a monosaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.


parathyroid gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone.


melanocyte migration

The orderly movement of melanocytes from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.


negative regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination.


cellular response to dopamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.


regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Decreased Bone Density

A laboratory finding indicating the presence of lower than normal bone mineral density.


thiamine pyrophosphate binding

Binding to thiamine pyrophosphate, the diphosphoric ester of thiamine. Acts as a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases.


re-entry into mitotic cell cycle

The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state.


positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.


regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.


T cell mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


virus maturation

The refolding and structural rearrangements of virion parts to transition from the intermediate virion to the more mature virion. Maturation usually involves proteolysis events and changes in the folding of the virion proteins. Can occur inside the host cell or after release.


regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.


platelet activating factor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.


lipoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signaling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid.


positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.


activin receptor binding

Binding to an activin receptor.


collagen beaded filament

A supramolecular assembly of collagen trimers with a 'beads on a string'-like structure.


mast cell chemotaxis

The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.


nuclear mRNA surveillance of spliceosomal pre-mRNA splicing

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly spliced pre-mRNAs within the nucleus.


pyridoxine deficiency anemia

Deficiency of vitamin B6. It is usually caused by alcoholism, malabsorption, or as a side effect of medications. Signs and symptoms include stomatitis, glossitis, dermatitis, peripheral neuropathy, irritability, seizures, and anemia.


heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfate; results in 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate.


renal sodium ion transport

The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the renal system.


helper T cell enhancement of adaptive immune response

Positive regulation of an adaptive immune response mediated via cytokine production by helper T cell.


uroporphyrinogen III metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uroporphyrinogen III, a precursor for synthesis of vitamin B12, chlorophyll, and heme in organisms that produce these compounds.


telethonin binding

Binding to telethonin, a protein found in the Z disc of striated muscle and which is a substrate of the titin kinase.


formation of translation preinitiation complex

The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA.


spermatoproteasome complex

A proteasome specifically found in mammalian testis. Contains the proteasome activator PA200 in the regulatory particle, and beta1i, beta2i, beta5i and/or alpha4s in the core (20S) subunit. Beta1i, beta2i and beta5i are inducible catalytic subunits, closely related to beta1, beta2 and beta5. Alpha4s is a sperm-specific 20S subunit, but unlike other alternative 20S subunits alpha4s lies in the outer alpha-ring and lacks catalytic activity.


regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


cell body fiber

A neuron projection that is found in unipolar neurons and corresponds to the region between the cell body and the point at which the single projection branches.


negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


response to methylglyoxal

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal.


positive regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.


progesterone secretion

The regulated release of progesterone, a steroid hormone, by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the placenta.


alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-linked alpha-D-glucose residue with release of alpha-D-glucose.


tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb

The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.


respiratory system process

A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.


CTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


deaminated base DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated bases.


origin recognition complex

A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome.


osteoarthritis, spine

A degenerative joint disease involving the spine. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of the spinal articular cartilage (cartilage, articular), usually with hardening of the subchondral bone and outgrowth of bone spurs (osteophyte).


Ingrown nail

Excessive growth of a nail laterally into the nail fold.


axial mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized.


methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.


cryptococcosis

An acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by Cryptococcus neoformans. Sites of involvement include the lungs, central nervous system and meninges, skin, and visceral organs.--2004


positive regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


tRNA thio-modification

The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.


Linaclotide

A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of Cys, Cys, Glu, Tyr, Cys, Cys, Asn, Pro, Ala, Cys, Thr, Gly, Cys and Tyr residues joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bonds: between Cys(1) and Cys(6), between Cys(2) and Cys(10), and between Cys(5) and Cys(13). Used for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome accompanied by constipation.


regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


cyclin K-CDK13 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


gingival hypertrophy

Abnormal enlargement or overgrowth of the gingivae brought about by enlargement of existing cells.


cellular response to folic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.


protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a mitochondrial membrane as the initial phase of the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization that takes place in the apoptotic signaling pathway.


heel spur

A bony outgrowth on the lower surface of the calcaneus. Though often presenting along with plantar fasciitis (fasciitis, plantar), they are not considered causally related.


farnesol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


CBM complex

A protein complex comprising Bcl10, MALT1 and a CARD domain-containing protein (CARD9, CARD10 or CARD11); plays a role in signal transduction during NF-kappaB activation.


auditory receptor cell morphogenesis

Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.


embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized.


Inspiratory stridor

Inspiratory stridor is a high pitched sound upon inspiration that is generally related to laryngeal abnormalities.


viral penetration into host nucleus

The crossing by the virus of the host nuclear membrane, either as naked viral genome or for small viruses as an intact capsid.


regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.


Eruptive xanthomas

Eruptive xanthomas are yellow-orange-to-red-brown papules that are often surrounded by an erythematous halo. They appear in crops on the buttocks, extensor surfaces of the extremities, and flexural creases. Acutely, variable amounts of pruritus and pain occur.


zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.


prostaglandin E receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin E (PGE(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from aspartate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


Pleural thickening

An increase in the thickness of the pleura, generally related to scarring of the pleural tissue.


regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


Phonic tics

Involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. The vocal cords are not involved in all tics that produce sound.


regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


coenzyme A transmembrane transport

The process in which coenzyme A is transported across a membrane. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


amino sugar biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


hexosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of hexosamine or N-acetylhexosamine residues (e.g. N-acetylglucosamine) residues from gangliosides or other glycoside oligosaccharides.


Tietze syndrome

Idiopathic painful nonsuppurative swellings of one or more costal cartilages, especially of the second rib. The anterior chest pain may mimic that of coronary artery disease.


orexin receptor activity

Combining with orexin to initiate a change in cell activity.


ectodermal cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an ectodermal cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


dATP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).


meiotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA during meiosis. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.


superior temporal gyrus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus.


retinoic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus

The directional movement of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neuron from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus.


gonorrhea

A common sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse. Infected individuals may be asymptomatic. Symptoms in males include burning sensation during urination, discharge from the penis, and painful swelling of the testes. Symptoms in females include painful urination, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding between periods. If untreated, the infection may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.


positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in unfolded protein response

The activation of genes whose promoters contain a specific sequence elements such as the unfolded protein response element (UPRE; consensus CAGCGTG) or the ER stress-response element (ERSE; CCAAN(N)9CCACG), as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.


AP-2 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-2 adaptor complex. The AP-2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


erythrasma

A chronic bacterial infection of major folds of the skin, caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.


cell-matrix adhesion mediator activity

The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the extracellular matrix.


cannabinoid signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a cannabinoid binding to its receptor on the cell surface, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


mitochondrial DNA replication

The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.


Baresthesia

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


hemidesmosome assembly

Assembly of hemidesmosomes, integrin-containing protein complexes that bind to laminin in the basal lamina. Hemidesmosomes form the contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina.


Maceration

A softening and breaking down of skin resulting from prolonged exposure to moisture. Macerated skin becomes soft and wrinkly and takes on a whitish hue.


nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNA 3'-end processing

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading mRNAs with incorrectly formed 3'-ends within the nucleus.


regulation of protein oxidation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein oxidation.


mannan binding

Binding to mannan.


motor nerve neuritis

Inflammation of the peripheral motor nerves.


positive regulation of antibacterial peptide production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


ER ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the ER.


cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


growing cell tip

The region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell, where polarized growth occurs.


purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


intracellular magnesium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of magnesium ions within a cell.


collagen network

A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network.


positive regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.


inherited obesity

Abnormally low body weight.


T-helper 17 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.


manganese ion transport

The directed movement of manganese (Mn) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


salivary gland cavitation

The process in which the solid core of salivary epithelium gives rise to the hollow tube of the gland.


regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a carboxyl group on a protein.


protein localization to ciliary membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.


positive regulation of cell migration by vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.


toxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process.


response to vasopressin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.


regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


hemoglobinuria

A laboratory test result which indicates free hemoglobin in the urine.


Schwann cell microvillus

Small finger-like extension of a Schwann cell that contacts the nodal membrane.


negative regulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ripoptosome assembly involved in a necroptotic process.


skeletal muscle tissue growth

The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

An G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


response to type III interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


alpha-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-glycosidic linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


Peripheral cyanosis

Bluish discoloration of the distal extremities (hands, fingertips, toes), and can sometimes involve circumoral and periorbital areas. Mucous membranes are generally not involved.


Recurrent fever

Periodic (episodic or recurrent) bouts of fever.


acetate ester transport

The directed movement of an acetate ester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


apical dendrite

A dendrite that emerges near the apical pole of a neuron. In bipolar neurons, apical dendrites are located on the opposite side of the soma from the axon.


positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of arachidonic acid secretion, the controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.


nuclear cap binding complex

A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export.


Forasartan

A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by o-(tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl and (3,5-dibutyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups, respectively. It is a nonpeptide antagonist of angiotensin II, type 1 (AT1) receptors, used for the treatment of hypertension.


glycosylceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a sugar + N-acylsphingosine.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


Foreign Bodies

Extraneous material within the body.


5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.


alpha-L-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-L-fucoside + H2O = an alcohol + L-fucose.


response to gravity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


positive regulation of mast cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.


transposition

Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites. For elements that are transcribed as the first step of transposition, the process starts with the transcription of the transposable element, its translation and maturation, and ending with integration into DNA. For elements that are cut out, the process starts with the excision of the donor DNA and integrated into another site.


histone H3S10 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 10) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 10) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 10 of histone H3.


meningoencephalitis

Inflammation of the meninges and brain, generally secondary to an infectious cause. Pathogens may be bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan.


Tidal Volume

biolink:ClinicalAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass


negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of an acylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate an acylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility involved in capacitation

The process in which the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell is initiated as part of the process required for flagellated sperm to reach fertilization competence.


uracil catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.


regulation of glycogen catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.


negative regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-specific protease (deubiquitinase) activity.


alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-arabinofuranoside residues in alpha-L-arabinosides.


mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.


sexually transmitted disease

A Disease due to or propagated by sexual contact.


regulation of oxygen metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.


kinetochore organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


chronic renal failure syndrome

Impairment of the renal function due to chronic kidney damage.


Obstruction

Blockage of the normal flow of the contents of an anatomical passageway.


negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


negative regulation of mesonephros development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


determination of liver left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the liver with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


melanosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a melanosome.


endometriosis

The growth of functional endometrial tissue in anatomic sites outside the uterine body. It most often occurs in the pelvic organs.


regulation of vascular wound healing

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


sorting endosome

A multivesicular body surrounded by and connected with multiple tubular compartments with associated vesicles.


negative regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) kinase activity.


Penile Infection

An infectious process affecting the penis.


membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


stress response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a copper ion stimulus.


shoulder

A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle).


metanephric glomerular mesangium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the metanephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.


Neonatal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which occurs during the neonatal period.


amelogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Man(5)(GlcNAc)(3).


Diverticulosis

A finding indicating the presence of multiple pouches, usually in the colonic or gastric wall.


regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.


sialylation

The covalent attachment of sialic acid to a substrate molecule.


clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.


lip

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth.


regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion

Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker.


aortic valve

Cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of aortic valve.[FMA].


Chronic hepatitis

Hepatitis that lasts for more than six months.


Lewy body

Cytoplasmic, spherical inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons, and composed of abnormally phosphorylated, neurofilament proteins aggregated with ubiquitin and alpha-synuclein.


Diosmin

A disaccharide derivative that consists of  diosmetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.


secondary heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).


Postoperative infection

Any infection documented following a surgical procedure that was not evident or suspected prior to the procedure.


FHF complex

A protein complex that is composed of AKTIP/FTS, FAM160A2/p107FHIP, and one or more members of the Hook family of proteins, HOOK1, HOOK2, and HOOK3. The complex is thought to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion, and associates with the homotypic vesicular sorting complex (the HOPS complex).


nitric oxide transport

The directed movement of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


renal water absorption

A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


mitigation of host antiviral defense response

A process by which a virus avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defenses. Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the virus or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Erosion of oral mucosa

Loss of the superficial layer of the oral mucosa usually resulting in a shallow or crusted lesion.


response to clozapine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clozapine stimulus.


TORC1 complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of S6K. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Kog1p, Lst8p, Tco89p, and either Tor1p or Tor2p.


regulation of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER.


regulation of protein homotetramerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homotetramerization.


Catalysis of the addition of a galactosyl residue to a non-reducing O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residue in an O-glycan.


lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a lipoprotein particle.


ferric iron binding

Binding to a ferric iron ion, Fe(III).


elbow joint

A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol].


peptidyl-serine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-serine.


regulation of protein glycosylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


atrial septum primum morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized.


disaccharide binding

Binding to a disaccharide. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.


tRNA transport

The directed movement of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


dendrite regeneration

The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage.


glycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface, including lipid extraction, degradation, and transport steps for the lipid antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The lipid antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous source of lipid. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.


Sleep terror

Episodes of intense fear, screaming, and flailing occur even though the affected individuals are still asleep.


regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste

The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process

Any positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.


myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.


righting reflex

A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position.


suppression by symbiont of host apoptotic process

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Hyphema

Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye.


regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.


response to aluminum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.


single base insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single base insertion or deletion.


protein deglutamylation

The removal of a glutamate residue from a protein. Glutamate residues in proteins can be gene-encoded, or added as side chains during the protein modification process of polyglutamylation.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


interleukin-7 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-7 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose 5-phosphate.


axon guidance receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular messenger and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to results in a change in cellular activity involved in axon guidance.


glutamate-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).


primary lung bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds.


eosinophil differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil.


renal interstitial fibroblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a renal interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity.


response to nitrosative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.


histone arginine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone)-N-methyl-arginine.


cGMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in metanephric nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the metanephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).


regulation of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly. Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.


second spliceosomal transesterification activity

Catalysis of the second transesterification reaction of spliceosomal mRNA splicing. Ligation of the two exons occurs via a transesterification reaction where the free 3'-hydroxyl group of the 5' exon is the nucleophile attacking the 3' splice site. Non-expressed sequences are now detached from the exons. In cis splicing, the intron is in a lariat structure.


retinal pigment epithelium development

The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.


interleukin-27 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-27 receptor.


regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


restrictive cardiomyopathy

A type of heart disorder referring to the inability of the ventricles to fill with blood because the myocardium (heart muscle) stiffens and looses its flexibility. Causes include replacement of the myocardium with scar tissue, abnormal cellular infiltration of the myocardium, or deposition of a substance (e.g., amyloid) in the myocardium.


intracellular ferritin complex

A ferritin complex located in the cell. Intracellular ferritin complexes contain 24 subunits, in a mixture of L (light) chains and H (heavy) chains.


negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.


relaxation of cardiac muscle

The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in contact inhibition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation in response to cell density.


copper ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions within an organism or cell.


tRNA guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of a tRNA molecule; observed for His tRNAs.


negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


dichotomous subdivision of an epithelial terminal unit

The process in which an epithelial cord, rod or tube bifurcates at its end.


intracellular potassium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of potassium ions within a cell.


regulation of eosinophil degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of eosinophil degranulation.


Limb Cramp

An involuntary contraction of a muscle in an extremity.


activation of Janus kinase activity

The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


regulation of membrane repolarization during action potential

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane repolarization during an action potential. Membrane repolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, towards the resting potential.


positive regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


ribbon synapse

Type of synapse characterized by an electron-dense ribbon, lamella (bar) or spherical body in the presynaptic process cytoplasm.


plus-end kinesin complex

Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the plus end of a microtubule.


Salmonella sepsis

Sepsis due to the presence of Salmonella bacteria in the bloodstream.


ovarian follicle rupture

Disruption of theca cell layer releasing follicular fluid and/or the oocyte.


nucleobase-containing small molecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.


intracellular nitric oxide homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitric oxide within a cell.


Self-mutilation

Deliberate harm to one's body resulting in tissue damage, without a conscious intent to die.


positive regulation of helicase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a helicase.


MMXD complex

A protein complex that contains the proteins MMS19, MIP18 and XPD, localizes to mitotic spindle during mitosis, and is required for proper chromosome segregation.


vitamin E metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


response to ionomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.


regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha1-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gq alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


BLOC-3 complex

A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps1 and Hps4 proteins.


pericardium disorder

A disease involving the pericardium.


esophageal atresia

A congenital abnormality of the esophagus in which the upper esophagus ends as a blind pouch and does not connect with the lower esophagus; it is often accompanied by a tracheoesophageal fistula. Signs and symptoms in a newborn with this abnormality include excessive salivation, choking, coughing, and the development of cyanosis and respiratory distress when fed.


translational frameshifting

A mechanism whereby different proteins may result from a single mRNA molecule, due to a change in the parsing of three nucleotides per codon relative to an initiating AUG codon.


cutis laxa

Cutis laxa (CL) is an inherited or acquired connective tissue disorder characterized by wrinkled, redundant and sagging inelastic skin associated with skeletal and developmental anomalies and, in some cases, with severe systemic involvement. Several different forms of inherited CL have been described, differentiated on the basis of the mode of inheritance and differences in the extent of internal organ involvement, associated anomalies and disease severity.


oxidized base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of oxidized bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.


NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + a quinone = NAD(P)+ + a hydroquinone.


ovulation from ovarian follicle

The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus.


kidney smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


axillary artery

Artery that supplies the axilla.


noradrenergic neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


sphinganine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


pyruvate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


host intracellular part

Any constituent part of the living contents of a host cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


G protein-coupled UDP receptor activity

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UDP.


prosaposin receptor activity

Combining with prosaposin to initiate a change in cell activity. Prosaposin is the glycoprotein precursor of four cleavage products (saposins A, B, C and D).


positive regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


hyalurononglucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] = ADP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] phosphate.


hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Programmed cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


negative regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


AMPA glutamate receptor activity

An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate and acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium, potassium, and, in the absence of a GluR2 subunit, calcium.


regulation of interleukin-18 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.


voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


negative regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.


interleukin-2 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-2 receptor.


glutamate reuptake

The uptake of L-glutamate by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


negative regulation of SNARE complex assembly

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.


norepinephrine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


dehydroascorbic acid transport

The directed movement of dehydroascorbate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, is an oxidized form of vitamin C.


commitment of neuronal cell to specific neuron type in forebrain

The commitment of neuronal precursor cells to become specialized types of neurons in the forebrain.


hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1

An autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by very high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol in the blood. It is usually caused by mutations in the LDLR gene which is located on the short arm of chromosome 19.


ascending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.


response to interleukin-9

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.


spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the absence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.


response to vitamin B1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.


Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

A generalized state of dysregulated inflammation induced by noninfectious processes. It is characterized by two or more of the following signs and symptoms: fever or hypothermia, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, and abnormal white blood cell count.


response to nematode

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.


T-helper 2 cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 2 cell.


pancreatic gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor

A usually malignant gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the pancreas. It may or may not be associated with inappropriate secretion of gastrin and an associated clinical syndrome.


intestinal epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus.


vestibulocochlear nerve

Cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.


Perirenal hematoma

A collection of clotted blood surrounding the kidney.


AMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


Food Poisoning

Any disorder that results from the consumption of food contaminated with an infectious agent or toxin.


circadian regulation of translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA translation with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


MSL complex

A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residue at position 16. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, and MSL1, MSL2 and MSL3.


regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.


asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. The asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an asparagine-accetping tRNA.


endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae.


regulation of eosinophil chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil chemotaxis.


choline binding

Binding to choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium.


positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


positive regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


MutSalpha complex binding

Binding to a MutSalpha mismatch repair complex.


CLOMOCYCLINE

Tetracycline in which the hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by chlorine and a hydrogen attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group. A tetracyline antibiotic, it is used to treat acne, urinary tract infections, gum disease, and other bacterial infections such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia.


negative regulation of neutrophil degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.


erythema infectiosum

A self-limited viral infectious disorder caused by the human parvovirus B19. It affects predominantly children and is characterized by the development of a bright red skin eruption in the cheeks. It is followed by a maculopapular skin eruption in the extremities which eventually fades into a lacey pattern.


succinate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


enteroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.


lumbar disk degenerative disorder

Any degenerative disorder affecting one or more vertebral disks of the lumbar spine.


renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex

A protein complex containing one Bcl protein and one or more copies of NF-kappaB2; formation of complexes of different stoichiometry depends on the Bcl3:NF-kappaB2 ratio, and allow Bcl3 to exert different regulatory effects on NF-kappaB2-dependent transcription.


hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.


sterol response element binding

Binding to a sterol response element (SRE), a nonpalindromic sequence found in the promoters of genes involved in lipid metabolism.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.


protein myristoylation

The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein.


butyrate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.


tRNA (uracil) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a uracil residue in a tRNA molecule.


regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III

A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.


Allergy to penicillin

An allergy to Penicillin.


filtration diaphragm

A specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.


response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.


regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly.


positive regulation of RNA export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


RNA surveillance

A process that identifies and degrades defective or aberrant RNAs.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic sector F(1)

The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.


splenic artery

An artery that supplies the spleen.


macrophage migration inhibitory factor receptor complex

A protein complex that binds macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Comprises CD74 and CD44 cell surface proteins.


regulation of NK T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.


regulation of Golgi organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi organization.


cell septum assembly

The assembly and arrangement of a cellular component that is composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials and usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha. It grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.


response to lipoteichoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine

The process in which the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream activates, maintains or increases the rate of heart contraction.


Foot pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the foot.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


post-translational protein acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


severe acute respiratory syndrome

A viral respiratory infection caused by the SARS coronavirus. It is transmitted through close person-to-person contact. It is manifested with high fever, headache, dry cough and myalgias. It may progress to pneumonia and cause death.


maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate.


AMP transport

The directed movement of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-lysine transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-lysine across a membrane.


positive regulation of amino acid transport

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


vasopressin receptor activity

Combining with vasopressin to initiate a change in cell activity.


AF-2 domain binding

Binding to an AF-2 protein domain, a highly conserved ligand-dependent transactivation domain which is essential for receptor-mediated transcriptional activation.


beta-1 adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to a beta-1 adrenergic receptor.


complement binding

Binding to a component or product of the complement cascade.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate + phosphate.


malate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reversible conversion of pyruvate or oxaloacetate to malate.


oncostatin-M receptor complex

A heterodimeric receptor for the cytokine oncostatin-M (OSM). In humans the receptor complex is made up of the gene products gp130 and OSMR-beta.


cellular response to cisplatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.


hyperamylasemia

Abnormally high level of amylase in the blood.


xenobiotic transmembrane transport

The process in which a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it, is transported across a membrane. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


7S RNA binding

Binding to a 7S RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP).


epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis

Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis.


cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-axon interactions

The movement of cerebral cortex neuronal precursors tangentially through the cortex using interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.


SCF complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the SKP1-Cullin/Cdc53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex.


auditory behavior

The behavior of an organism in response to a sound.


dysplasia of cervix

Abnormal development of immature squamous epithelial cells of the uterine cervix, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical epithelium. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial basement membrane.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.