signaling receptor activity

Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.


ecdysteroid catabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.


tRNA 5'-end processing

The process in which the 5' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA.


hexaprenyl-diphosphate synthase ((2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific) activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 3 isopentenyl diphosphate = 3 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-threonine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-threonine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-threonine.


protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + acceptor = protoporphyrin IX + reduced acceptor.


regulation of amino acid export

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid export. Amino acid export is the directed movement of amino acids out of a cell or organelle.


cellular response to fluoxetine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = D-arabinose + pyruvate.


arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinose, arabino-pentose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = 2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalic-acid + coenzyme A + H+.


regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-Selenocystathionine + H2O => L-Selenocysteine + NH3 + 2-Oxobutanoic acid.


4-chlorobiphenyl metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-chlorobiphenyl, a member of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) group of compounds, a very stable group of synthetic organic compounds composed of a biphenyl nucleus with 1-10 chlorine substituents. 4-chlorobiphenyl has been used as a model substrate to investigate PCB degradation.


negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.


response to histidine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.


cellular response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulus. TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.


G protein-coupled bile acid receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular bile acid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


negative regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


nurse cell nucleus anchoring

Attachment of the nurse cell nucleus to the plasma membrane.


pronephros structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pronephros. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.


crotonaldehyde redutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (cis)-crotonaldehyde + NADPH + H+ <=> butanal + NADP.


positive regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.


inhibitory chemical synaptic transmission

Synaptic transmission that results in an inhibitory postsynaptic potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-Selenomethionine + H2O => Orthophosphate + Diphosphate + Se-Adenosylselenomethionine.


establishment of protein localization to juxtaparanode region of axon

The directed movement of a protein to the juxtaparanode region of an axon.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 8Fe-7S iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide, found in nitrogenase.


endothelial cell activation within high endothelial venule involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell within a high endothelial venule resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


colicin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a colicin from one side of a membrane to the other. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = 4,5-chrysenedicarboxylate.


low-affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have a pH above 7. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that modulates the location, frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


centromere clustering

The process by which centromeres/kinetochores become localized to clusters.


viral extrusion

The process whereby a filamentous phage particle is released from a bacterial host cell via a concerted mechanism of assembly and secretion. Neosynthesized virions are coordinately exported as they are assembled at the cell surface in a secretory process that leaves the host cell fully viable. Non-capsid proteins form structures that facilitate translocation through the inner membrane and outer membranes. A viral single-stranded DNA binding protein coats progeny viral DNA molecules to generate the intracellular precursor for assembly of phage particles as they are extruded through the membranes of the bacterial host. The structural proteins of the virus are anchored in the inner membrane before their incorporation into the phage particle. As assembly proceeds, the phage genome traverses the inner and outer membranes until the entire DNA molecule has been coated and extruded.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-11,12-dihydrodiol.


iodophenol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-iodophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 1-iodo-2-methoxybenzene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


sulfide dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + oxidized cytochrome c = S + reduced cytochrome c.


negative regulation of heart looping

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.


ABC-type ferric iron transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Fe3+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Fe3+(in).


regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


regulation of gastric emptying

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any gastric emptying process, the process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


propanediol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of propanediol from one side of a membrane to the other. Propanediol is a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid; it is also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items, although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects.


cyclohexanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexanol + NAD+ = cyclohexanone + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

Any process in which an organism negatively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


maltose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of maltose from one side of a membrane to the other. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen and starch.


sequoyitol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + NAD+ = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H+ + NADH.


hydroxyisourate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O = 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+.


monoterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.


3-dehydroquinate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydroquinate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H2O.


Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.


cell wall pectin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


perturbation of host cell cycle progression

A process in which a symbiont interferes with the normal progression through the host cell cycle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


suppression by virus of host NF-kappaB cascade

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host NF-kappaB cascade.


mitochondrial mRNA processing

Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the mitochondrial genome into mature mRNAs.


phenylpyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO2.


IgM receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


detection of activity

The series of events in which an activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


(+)-alpha-barbatene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-alpha-barbatene + diphosphoric acid.


lysobisphosphatidic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group.


maintenance of nucleus location

Any process in which the nucleus is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


regulation of platelet rolling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet rolling.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate = 2 pyruvate.


horizontal cell localization

Any process in which a horizontal cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. A horizontal cell is a neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. Targeting of retinal neurons to the appropriate lamina is vital to establish the architecture of the retina.


positive regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


aerobic respiration, using carbon monoxide as electron donor

The metabolic process in which carbon monoxide (CO) is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) to generate energy. Conservation of energy in this process likely uses sodium ion gradients for ATP synthesis and is coupled to quantitative sulfide methylation.


epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung development

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. This process contributes to lung development.


tetrachloroethylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrachloroethylene (tetrachloroethene), a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines. Tetrachloroethene has been used primarily as a solvent in dry-cleaning industries and to a lesser extent as a degreasing solvent.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone <=> H+ + 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


fatty acid amide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a fatty acid amide to yield a fatty acid.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


UCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCA codon.


transition metal ion binding

Binding to a transition metal ions; a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.


endocardial cushion cell fate determination

The process involved in endocardial cushion cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


detection of hot stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a hot stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + 2 NADP <=> (6E)-8-oxogeranial + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.


follicle cell of egg chamber migration

The directed movement of an ovarian follicle cell that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host

The increase by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


corneocyte desquamation

The delamination process that results in the shedding of a corneocyte from the surface of the epidermis.


aspartate N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-aspartate + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexane-1,3-dione + H2O = 5-oxohexanoate + H+.


response to nitrogen dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.


acetoin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, often as part of a fermentation pathway or for use as a carbon source.


heparin lyase activity

Catalysis of the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing 1,4-linked D-glucuronate or L-iduronate residues and 1,4-alpha-linked 2-sulfoamino-2-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucose residues to give oligosaccharides with terminal 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.


negative regulation of glycerol transport

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric nephron are generated and organized. A mesonephric nephron is the functional unit of the mesonephros.


endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. For example, primary ribosomal RNA transcripts containing three genes, in this order, are produced in E. coli and other prokaryotic species. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


meiotic prometaphase I

The meiotic cell cycle phase in eukaryotes between meiotic prophase I and meiotic metaphase I. During meiotic prometaphase I, the nuclear envelope breaks down and one kinetochore forms per chromosome. Chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules and begin to move towards the metaphase plate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (glycoside, pentoside or hexuronide)(out) + monovalent cation(out) = (glycoside, pentoside or hexuronide)(in) + monovalent cation(in). The cation is Na+, Li+ or H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,6-dichloro-3-methylcatechol + O2 = 3,5-dichloro-3-methyl-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.


formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP

Formation of a quadruple snRNP complex composed of the spliced leader (SL) RNA along with the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex. Interactions that may facilitate this include a duplex between the SL and U6 RNAs and interactions between the U5 RNA and the exon sequence at the 5' splice site within the SL RNA.


snRNA 2'-O-methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to the 2' oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an snRNA molecule.


alpha-copaene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-copaene.


positive regulation of cellular defense response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.


floor plate formation

The formation of a ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage.


kynurenic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenic acid, 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.


regulation of protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).


biliberdin reductase NAD+ activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD+ = biliverdin + NADH+ H+.


carbon-monoxide oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + ferrocytochrome b-561 = CO2 + 2 H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b-561.


metanephric connecting tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros.


L-xylitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-xylitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.


NADPH-dependent curcumin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin + NADPH + H+ = dihydrocurcumin + NADP+.


L-fucose mutarotase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-fucose = beta-L-fucose.


calcium-dependent self proteolysis

The calcium-dependent hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.


negative regulation of premature acrosome loss

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.


negative regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.


Catalysis of the reaction: scalarane-17alpha-19-diol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.


response to biphenyl

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biphenyl stimulus.


abducens nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribose + H2O = AMP + ribose-1-phosphate.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.


C-C motif chemokine 2 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


glucosylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.


mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


arginine catabolic process to ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine.


spheroidene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: spheroidene + O2 = spheroidenone + H2O.


stress response to nickel ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a nickel ion stimulus.


cellular modified histidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


cephalic furrow formation

Formation of a partial necklace of inturning tissue on the lateral sides of the embryo, along the dorsal-ventral axis. This furrow demarcates head from thorax in the developing protostome.


organonitrogen compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound.


regulation of zygosporangium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.


chloroplast relocation

The process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells migrate toward illuminated sites to optimize photosynthesis and move away from excessively illuminated areas to protect the photosynthetic machinery.


regulation of neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.


cellular response to chromate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.


hepatocyte growth factor receptor activity

Combining with hepatocyte growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


monodictyphenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monodictyphenone.


negative regulation of systemic acquired resistance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


negative regulation of maltohexaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.


dentin mineralization

The process in which calcium salts are deposited into the calcareous tooth structure known as dentin.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H + H+.


porphobilinogen synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 5-aminolevulinate = 2 H2O + H+ + porphobilinogen.


skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of satellite cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


maintenance of plant organ identity

The process in which the identity of a plant organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins and contributes to the establishment of planar polarity.


negative regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.


regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.


cis-aconitamide amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitamide + H2O = cis-aconitate + HN3.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = (1S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate + H+ + NADH.


archaeal-specific GTP cyclohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + diphosphate +formate + H+. This activity is part of the biosynthesis of methanopterin in Archaea, and requires Fe2+.


plastid inheritance

The partitioning of plastids between daughter cells at cell division.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host RIG-I signaling pathway

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a RIG-I signaling pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


UDP-glucuronic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucuronic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


selenate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2SeO4 => diphosphate + adenylylselenate.


3-nitrophenol nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitrophenol + 2 NADH + 2 H+ = 3-hydroxyaminophenol + 2 NAD+ + H2O.


L-arabinofuranose binding

Binding to L-arabinofuranose.


maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location

The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by nitric oxide.


negative regulation of G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to MI phase of the meiotic cell cycle.


regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.


endoplasmic reticulum-lipid droplet tether activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a lipid droplet with an endoplasmic reticulum membrane, via membrane lipid binding, to establish membrane contact sites and mediate exchange and communication.


negative regulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host

Any process in which an organism reduces the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


sphingolipid long-chain base 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + H+ + a dihydroceramide + NAD(P)H = H2O + a phytoceramide + NAD(P).


isonicotinic acid hydrazide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isoniazid + H2O = isonicotinate + hydrazine.


lipoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lipoyl-5'-AMP + L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] = (R)-N6-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] + AMP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = 3''-adenylylstreptomycin + diphosphate + H+.


rhombomere 6 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


U6 snRNA 3'-end binding

Binding to a U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA) at the 3' end.


maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.


tryptophanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H2O = indole + NH4 + pyruvate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with NAD(P)+ as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


aurachin C monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aurachin C + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> aurachin C epoxide + H2O + NAD(P).


neuroendocrine cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquires specialized structural and functions of a neuroendocrine cell of the prostate gland acinus.


response to furfural

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a furfural stimulus.


symbiotic process benefiting host

A process carried out by symbiont gene products that enables a symbiotic interaction with a host organism, that is beneficial to the host organism.


omega-3 fatty acid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.


2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.


keto-deoxynonulosonic acid (KDN) cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + KDN = diphosphate + CMP-KDN.


glossopharyngeal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + O2 <=> 5-hydroxy-coniferaldehyde + NADP + H2O.


Cajal-Retzius cell differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Cajal-Retzius cell, one of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.


5-formyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 5-formyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = diphosphate + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate.


negative regulation of galactotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.


leading edge cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into leading edge cells. Leading edge cells are found at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.


syncytial embryo cellularization

The separation of a syncytial embryo into individual cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: phloroglucinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3,5-dihydroxyanisole + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


syringal lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving syringal lignin.


cysteine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + acetate.


trans-translation

A translational elongation process in which transfer of a translating ribosome from one mRNA to another RNA template takes place. Trans-translation occurs during tmRNA release of stalled ribosomes.


ochratoxin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ochratoxin A.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of endothelial cell migration.


phialide development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phialides over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip. Chains of conidia, or asexual spores, develop from the phialide tips.


toluene 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 4-hydroxytoluene.


negative regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.


sterol delta7 reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydroepisterol = 24-methylenecholesterol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxycyclohexanone + A = AH(2) + cyclohexane-1,3-dione.


mannosylphosphate transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosylphosphate group from one compound to another.


lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fission

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles undergo fission.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.


mineralocorticoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


L-tyrosine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tyrosine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.


cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NADPH

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NADP+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the anterior/posterior axis.


cspyrone B1 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cspyrone B1.


vitamin B6 transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of any of the vitamin B6 compounds, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cyanophycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanophycin, a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.


acetyl-CoA assimilation pathway

The pathways by which acetyl-CoA is processed and converted into alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate); methanogenic archaea use these pathways to assimilate acetyl-CoA into the cell.


cellular response to benzoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.


multiple spine synapse organization, single dendrite

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and a single dendrite.


nickel incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of nickel into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


hypoglossal nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hypoglossal nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H+.


octanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-octanol + NAD+ = 1-octanal + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.


positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


kaempferol 3-glucoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol 3-O-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> kaempferol-3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside + UDP.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.


(-)-microperfuranone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-microperfuranone.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + isoflavone = UDP + isoflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.


neuroblast activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a neuroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


lysine 6-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + L-lysine = NH3 + NADH + allysine.


imidazolone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoylglycine => H2O + imidazol-4-one.


ent-kaurenoate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-kaurenoate + NADPH + O2 = ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADP+ + H2O. This is the first of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).


response to endogenous stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.


positive regulation by symbiont of cytokinin levels in host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokinin levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


'de novo' actin filament nucleation

The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine in the absence of any existing actin filaments; elongation of the actin oligomer formed by nucleation leads to the formation of an unbranched filament.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + a plant soluble heteroglycan = a plant soluble heteroglycan + maltose.


Catalysis of the reaction: RNA(n+1) + phosphate <=> RNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltohexaose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + 3,4-dehydro-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate.


peptidyl-cysteine modification to L-cysteine persulfide

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine persulfide.


macropinosomal membrane permeabilization involved in viral entry into host cell

Induction of macropinosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus in a macropinosome, and results in release of the viral contents from the macropinosome into the host cell cytoplasm.


citronellol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellol + NAD+ = citronellal + NADH + H+.


semicircular canal fusion

Creation of the central hole of the semicircular canal by sealing the edges of the pouch that forms during the process of semicircular canal formation.


anterior mesonephric tubule development

The progression of the anterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The anterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


fumarate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fumarate from one side of a membrane to the other. Fumarate is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of microglial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.


juvenile hormone binding

Binding to a juvenile hormone, a sesquiterpenoid derivative that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


extracellular exosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm.


11alpha-30-dihydroxy beta-amyrin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11alpha,30-dihydroxy-beta-amyrin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 30-hydroxy-11-oxo-beta-amyrin + NADP + 2 H2O.


versicolorin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of versicolorin A to sterigmatocystin.


pectin lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pectin = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronate end + a pectin. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonan methyl ester to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.


stilbene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving stilbenes, a class of polyketides formed from a molecule of cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl-CoA.


defense response by cell wall thickening

A type of cell wall modification, in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker, that occurs as part of the defense response of an organism.


patchoulol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> seychellene + diphosphoric acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


exocytic process

The cellular processes that contribute to exocytosis.


endothelin production

The appearance of a endothelin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions.


cyclic-di-GMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyclic-di-GMP from one side of a membrane to the other.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of osmotic stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carbon atom of an arginine residue in a protein. This modification has been detected in anaerobic bacteria.


nor-spermidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


intermediate voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by an intermediate voltage-gated channel. An intermediate voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on intermediate voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + CoA + H+.


negative regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.


positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


embryonic shoot morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic shoot are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + L-aspartate + ATP = (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


cellobiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose.


lys-arg specific dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after a lysine-arginine amino acid residue combination within a protein.


gibberellin A34,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A34 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> H+ + gibberellin A34-catabolite + succinate + carbon dioxide + H2O.


dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


membrane bone morphogenesis

The process in which bone which forms deep in the organism are generated and organized.


retrotrapezoid nucleus development

The progression of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) over time from it's initial formation to its mature state. The retrotrapezoid nucleus is a group of neurons in the rostral medulla, which are responsible regulating respiration.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 = A + H2O + testololactone.


cell cycle phase

One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyromazine + H2O = N-cyclopropylammeline + NH3.


larval behavior

Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics.


peptide antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides with antibiotic activity.


R3/R4 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R3 and R4 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


tetrahydrofuran hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrofuran + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoisocaproate + NADH + H+ = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.


arugosin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arugosin.


CD24 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD24, a CD marker and cell adhesion molecule that occurs on many B-lineage cells and mature granulocytes, and is involved in B cell activation and differentiation as well as T cell co-stimulation.


mesonephric podocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


sorocarp sorus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sorocarp sorus is the spore containing structure of a sorocarp.


branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in branchial arch mesenchyme

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis.


positive regulation of cellular process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH <=> 4alpha-carboxy-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


(S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = acetoin + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin = H+ + cyanidin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


leptomycin B binding

Binding to leptomycin B.


T2-induced deoxynucleotide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + dGMP = ADP + dGDP, and ATP + dTMP = ADP + dTDP.


bacterial cellulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as it occurs in certain types of bacteria, mainly Acetobacter, Sarcina ventriculi and Agrobacteria.


deoxysarpagine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP+ + sarpagine.


motor behavior

The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.


floral organ senescence

The last stage of flower development during which programmed degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling take place.


benzoate 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+.


small molecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + a quinone = 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinol.


peptide cross-linking via S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine protein cross-link.


analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of analia are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.


gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid.


protein carbamoylation

The addition of a carbamoyl group to a protein amino acid. A carbamoyl group is the acyl group -CO-NH2.


fungal-type cell wall organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.


ureteric peristalsis

A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along the ureter, impelling the contents onwards. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.


dihydroneopterin triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin triphosphate = dihydroneopterin phosphate + diphosphate.


indole-3-acetonitrile nitrile hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetonitrile + H2O = indole-3-acetamide.


negative regulation of vesicle docking

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle docking.


shell calcification

The precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the organic matrix of a shell, such as a mollusc shell.


alpha-santonin 1,2-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrosantonin + NAD(P)+ = alpha-santonin + NAD(P)H + H+.


cell fate determination involved in pattern specification

A process involved in commitment of a cell to a fate in a developmental field. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


P-type silver transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ag+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Ag+(out).


methione N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-methionine + coenzyme A + H+.


ventral spinal cord interneuron fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.


chloroplast rRNA processing

Any rRNA processing that takes place in chloroplast.


smooth muscle relaxation of the bladder outlet

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the bladder outlet that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


protochlorophyllide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = protochlorophyllide + NADPH + H+.


thiazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


positive regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis.


retinol dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + retinol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + anhydroretinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha-methyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine.


regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


positive regulation of hemocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) that are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of adaptive immune effector response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.


negative regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


negative regulation of spindle checkpoint

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase NAD activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD+ = S-formylglutathione + NADH + H+.


histone H2A-K13 ubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 13 (H2A-K13) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K13 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.


positive regulation of biological process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oxaloacetate = ADP + CO2 + H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate.


positive regulation of response to butan-1-ol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.


negative regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


depolarization of postsynaptic membrane

A process that depolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an excitatory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential towards the firing threshold.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-tryptophan = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-phenylalanine.


positive regulation of RNA import into nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


neutrophil dispersal

The movement of a neutrophil away from the site of wound or infection following its initial migration to the site.


trimethylamine-oxide aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + trimethylamine N-oxide = dimethylamine + formaldehyde.


selenate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 e(-) + 2 H+ + selenate = H2O + selenite.


positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


2-aminomuconate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminomuconate + H2O + H+ = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + NH4.


protein maturation by nickel ion transfer

A process that contributes to the delivery of nickel ions to a target protein to facilitate its maturation.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


viral replication complex formation and maintenance

The process of organizing and assembling viral replication proteins in preparation for viral replication.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-tyrosine = L-phenylalanine + 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate.


anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + 2 H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + NADP+ + NH4.


gibberellin A51,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A51 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> H+ + gibberellin A51-catabolite + succinate + carbon dioxide + H2O.


phagosome-lysosome docking involved in apoptotic cell clearance

The initial attachment of a phagosome membrane to a lysosome membrane that occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.


lactate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = acetaldehyde + formate.


fungal-type cell wall disassembly involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any fungal-type cell wall disassembly that is involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.


negative regulation of Hulle cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.


fluorothreonine transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + fluoroacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde + 4-fluoro-L-threonine.


low-density lipoprotein particle disassembly

The disaggregation of a low-density lipoprotein particle into its constituent components.


deacetylipecoside synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deacetylipecoside + H2O = dopamine + secologanin.


ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + NAD+ + H+ -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + NADH.


response to rotenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rotenone stimulus.


negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O2 = 5-formyl-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate + H+.


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain O-GlcNAc transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine.


echinenone 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: echinenone + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3-hydroxyechinenone + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


hepatocyte cell migration

The orderly movement of a hepatocyte during the development of the liver. Hepatocytes emerge from the hepatic epithelium, populating the septum transversum and lateral mesenchymal areas of the hepatic lobes.


tri-n-butyltin dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tri-n-butyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutyldibutyltin.


16S rRNA (guanine(1516)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1516) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1516) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


phytyl-P kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytyl phosphate(2-) + a nucleoside triphosphate <=> (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + a nucleoside diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol = 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + CMP + H+.


regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing a phenotypic switch. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, such as the opaque cells of C. albicans, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


cement gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cement gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cement gland is a simple mucus-secreting organ positioned at the anterior of amphibious embryos. The cement gland attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed.


regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


camalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.


plasma membrane raft localization

Any process in which plasma membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


mercury (II) reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + Hg + NADP+ = Hg2+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

Any process that increases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.


mammary gland cord formation

The process in which the mammary gland cord forms by elongation of the mammary bud. The cord is formed once the elongating bud breaks through the mesenchyme and reaches the fat pad.


positive regulation of muscle filament sliding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.


polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis

The process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the adaxial/abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


natural killer cell progenitor differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell progenitor.


synaptic transmission, serotonergic

The vesicular release of serotonin from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of serotonin receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, dTTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + dTTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + dTDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA.


cellular response to beta-carotene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-carotene stimulus.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxymuconate + phenol.


pteridine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP+ = biopterin + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 4'-O-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside + UDP(3-).


1,1,1-trichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,1-dichloroethane + HCl.


glycolysis from storage polysaccharide through glucose-1-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a storage polysaccharide into pyruvate through a glucose-1-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD to NADH.


otic placode development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an otic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


oscillatory cAMP signaling

Fluctuation in the extracellular cAMP levels due to the alternate activation of adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP, and phosphodiesterase, which degrades it. Occurs in Dictyostelium during early sorocarp development. Oscillation in signaling result is directional chemotaxis of cells towards the center of the aggregate.


RNA guanosine-uridine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-uridine insertion dinucleotide.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum

The menstrual cycle process that results in the formation of one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells during the various stages of oogenesis.


lipoxin B4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds.


anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in pronephros development

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


regulation of proline transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline transport.


L-aspartate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + O2 = iminosuccinate + hydrogen peroxide.


sulfathiazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfathiazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulfathiazole is an antibacterial agent of the sulfonamide group.


positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.


response to cyclodiene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclodiene stimulus. A cyclodiene is any organic insecticide (as dieldrin or chlordane) with a chlorinated methylene group forming a bridge across a 6-membered carbon ring.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + H2O.


secondary piRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional secondary piRNA, involving a self-perpetuating piRNA loop, often called the ping-pong cycle, in which piRNAs are amplified by pairing with complementary transcripts (for example the transposable element mRNA target). In Drosophila, the processing involves the piwi proteins aubergine and Argonaute 3 and in mice, the piwi proteins Piwil2 and Piwil4.


establishment of left/right asymmetry

The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


ent-isokaurene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-isokaurene + diphosphate.


proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + glyoxylate = L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA.


cichorine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cichorine, a secondary metabolite found in some species of fungi.


taste bud formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the taste bud from unspecified parts. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


response to nitrate starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nitrate.


vestibular receptor cell morphogenesis

Any process that alters the size or shape of a vestibular receptor cell.


regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a primary alcohol + O2 = an aldehyde + H2O2.


high-affinity fructose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


facioacoustic ganglion morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex is generated and organized.


orcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen, and synthesized, probably as a fungicide, by some higher plants.


aflatoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


protein deglutathionylation

The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is removed from a protein amino acid by breaking a disulfide linkage.


2-coumarate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD+ = trans-2-coumarate + H+ + NADH.


pentacyclic triterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetate.


response to phylloquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.


peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-geranylgeranylcysteine; formation of S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CAAX motif and methyl esterification of the geranylgeranylated cysteine; methyl esterification but not cleavage occurs for the CXC motif. For the type II geranylgeranyltransferase the residue may be found at the first and final positions in the sequence motif C-X-C* or at the final position in the sequence motif C-C*. These motifs are necessary but not sufficient for modification.


aldose-6-phosphate reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucose 6-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the compounds most commonly designated lecithin.


positive regulation of cellular response to alcohol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.


myrcene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + myrcene.


riboflavin reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NADP+ = riboflavin + NADPH + 2 H+.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2, and D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + H2O2.


D-glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-glutamine = NH3 + D-glutamate.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NADP + = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADPH + H+.


molybdenum incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling

A chromatin remodeling process that allows DNA repair enzyme to access genomic DNA and repair DNA lesions.


ectoderm and mesoderm interaction

A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm.


histone H3K9me/H3K9me2 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + pyruvate = L-alanine + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.


deoxycytidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


regulation of SREBP signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.


positive regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = glucomannan(n+1) + GDP.


IDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: IDP + H2O = IMP + H+ + phosphate.


pollen adhesion

The process in which pollen deposited on the stigma adheres to cells of the stigma.


response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.


maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate.


regulation of rhamnose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.


sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)

The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction step is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) (EC:1.8.4.8).


endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).


box C/D RNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box C/D RNA molecule.


prostaglandin production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NADP+ = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-seryl-[protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyloligosaccharide + beta-D-mannosylphosphodecaprenol = (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-oligosaccharide + decaprenol phosphate.


negative regulation of cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The intracellular signaling pathway that results in the cessation of cell movement involved in lamination of the cerebral cortex.


green leaf volatile biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of volatile molecules emitted from green plants, such as hexenal, hexenol and hexenyl acetate, from linoleic acid or linolenic acid.


negative regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.


2-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylguanosine.


phenylacetaldehyde synthase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: L-phenylalanine + O2 + H2O -> phenylacetaldehyde + ammonia + hydrogen peroxide + CO2.


apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution

Any apoptotic process that triggers the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle the mammary epithelial cells resulting in their programmed cell death.


protoperithecium formation

The process of producing fruiting body precursors, called protoperithecia. Protoperitheicium is a spherical structure that is formed in the sexual phase of ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora. Protoperithecium is formed by the enveloping of ascogonia cells by sterile hyphae and it develops into perithecium.


Notch signaling pathway involved in arterial endothelial cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


UDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose = H2O + UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + L-asparagine.


establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a plasma membrane.


trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine molecule.


histoblast morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen.


anaerobic respiration

The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor.


mono-butyltin dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutyltin.


positive regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.


2,3-dimethylmalate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate = propanoate + pyruvate.


reproductive process

A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in a single enzymatic step.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-serine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-serine.


negative regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


positive regulation of maltohexaose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.


actin filament bundle retrograde transport

A process of actin filament bundle distribution that results in the arrangement of actin filament bundles from the periphery toward the interior of the cell.


fibroblast chemotaxis

The directed movement of a fibroblast guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


flavin-dependent halogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + FADH2 + O2 = R-C-halogen + FAD + H2O.


oleate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oleate from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of lactation by mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling

The process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of lactation as a result of the secretion of a signal from the mammary fat and its reception by a mammary epithelial cell.


positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway in response to decreased oxygen levels

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway in response to a decrease in oxygen levels.


delamination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The splitting or migration of one epithelial sheet into two involved in the process of deuterostomic gastrulation.


procyclogenesis

The morphological, biochemical and genetic changes that induce the differentiation of bloodstream form trypomastigotes into procyclic trypomastigotes in some of the Trypanosomatidae species such as Trypanosoma brucei. This process occurs inside the midgut of the tsetse fly vectors in T. brucei.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.


cytochrome P450 dependent beta-amyrin 12,13beta-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 12,13beta-epoxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NAD(P).


positive regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.


mannosamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.


acetylornithine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-ornithine + H2O = acetate + L-ornithine.


small RNA binding translational repressor activity

A translational repressor activity that binds to a single-stranded small regulatory RNA (either a miRNA or a siRNA) to guide it to its target mRNA.


wobble position uridine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of uridine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


histone H2A methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H2A. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


N-glutamylanilide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N5-phenyl-L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + aniline + H+.


positive regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.


kaempferol O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.


omega-6 fatty acid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-6 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.


renal capsule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal capsule are generated and organized. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.


lobar bronchus mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus mesenchyme is the mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.


(25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate binding

Binding to (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-7-methylthioheptanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(5'-methylthio)pentylmalate + coenzyme A.


NAD+ synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+.


stomatal complex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatal complex over time from its formation to the mature structure. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


antisense RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis.


menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + menaquinone = protoporphyrin IX + reduced menaquinone.


olfactory nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


pentose catabolic process to acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to acetate.


regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a retinal cone cell.


leptin receptor activity

Combining with the fat-cell specific hormone leptin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 omega oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-oxo-leukotriene B4 + H+ + 2 H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


tergite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the tergite are generated and organized. The tergite is the primary plate or sclerite forming the dorsal surface of any insect body segment.