T follicular helper cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature T follicular helper cell.


negative regulation of histone deacetylation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.


pro-B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed.


dysentery

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious diarrhea of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing toxins, biological derived from bacteria or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery feces then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with abdominal pain; fever; and dehydration.


response to interleukin-15

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.


intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


3M complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex, at least composed of CUL7, CCDC8 and OBSL1, that is required for maintaining microtubule and genome integrity.


cytidine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine + H2O = uridine + NH3.


polyarteritis nodosa

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare, clinically heterogeneous, rheumatologic disease characterized by necrotizing inflammatory lesions affecting small- and medium-sized blood vessels. PAN most commonly affects skin, joints, peripheral nerves, the gut, and the kidney.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation

Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine = galactose-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.


Fever Chills

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Shivering secondary to a febrile process.


regulation of receptor clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.


smooth muscle hyperplasia

A process, occurring in smooth muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.


positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


pyridine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.


pointed-end actin filament capping

The binding of a protein or protein complex to the pointed (or minus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


positive regulation of T cell cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


neuron cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a neuron to another cell via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.


cementum mineralization

The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited into the initial acellular cementum.


fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to bone

The spread of a malignant neoplasm from a primary site to the skeletal system.  The majority of metastatic neoplasms to the bone are carcinomas.


chronic urticaria

An urticaria that is characterized by the presence of urticaria for a period exceeding 6 weeks, assuming symptoms for most days of the week.


chloride:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation(out) + Cl-(out) = cation(in) + Cl-(in).


polydactyly

A disease characterized by the presence of polydactyly, including syndromic and non-syndromic forms.


ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


DNA polymerase binding

Binding to a DNA polymerase.


Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins.


DNA recombinase assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.


desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway by arrestin

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by uncoupling the receptor from its downstream G proteins.


penetration of zona pellucida

The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


positive regulation of protein export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


venous blood vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart.


regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering.


positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.


motor neuron migration

The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


laminin-5 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


acidic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acidic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have side chains with a negative charge at pH 7.3.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.


extracellular matrix assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix.


Chronic pain

Persistent pain, usually defined as pain that has lasted longer than 3 to 6 months.


postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering

The clustering process in which postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) molecules are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. PSD-95 is mostly located in the post synaptic density of neurons, and is involved in anchoring synaptic proteins.


virion binding

Binding to a virion, either by binding to components of the capsid or the viral envelope.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in kidney development

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the kidney over time.


estrous cycle

A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.


cellular response to amine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


nuclear migration

The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.


ethanol binding

Binding to ethanol, CH(3)-CH(2)-OH.


Femur fracture

A break or crush injury of the thigh bone (femur).


lung induction

The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung.


deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is independent of poly(A) tail shortening.


Fontanelle Bulging

Membranous areas between cranial bones in a newborn that appear elevated or full.


positive regulation of fibrinolysis

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


superior olivary nucleus maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the superior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


anterior spinal artery syndrome

Ischemia or infarction of the spinal cord in the distribution of the anterior spinal artery, which supplies the ventral two-thirds of the spinal cord. This condition is usually associated with atherosclerosis of the aorta and may result from dissection of an aortic aneurysm or rarely dissection of the anterior spinal artery. Clinical features include weakness and loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of injury, with relative sparing of position and vibratory sensation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1249-50)


high-density lipoprotein particle assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.


positive regulation of protein autoubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.


posterior mesonephric tubule development

The progression of the posterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The posterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.


Microscopic hematuria

Microscopic hematuria detected by dipstick or microscopic examination of the urine.


regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


dermatan sulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate, any glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


astral microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles.


regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration, by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


positive regulation of xenophagy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.


Cytopenia

A laboratory test result indicating an abnormally low quantity of circulating blood cells.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-12 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cerebellar granular layer formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


ribonuclease inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ribonuclease.


catecholamine secretion

The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process is independent of ubiquitination.


regulation of cytolysis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


diencephalon morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.


calcium import into the mitochondrion

A process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


UBC13-MMS2 complex

A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which act as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair; in Saccharomyces the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p.


platelet alpha granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.


inhibition of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that prevents the activation of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in an apoptotic process.


Abnormal leukocyte morphology

An abnormality of leukocytes.


peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


positive regulation of protein lipidation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation.


common hepatic duct

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP].


early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia

A rare movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive, sustained muscle contractions or postures involving one or more sites of the body.


positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


carbohydrate kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule.


negative regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.


ossification involved in bone remodeling

The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.


release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum

The process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.


nuclear fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change

The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA.


forebrain anterior/posterior pattern specification

The creation of specific areas of progenitor domains along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing forebrain.


negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which reduces appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.


gingival disorder

A disease involving the gingiva.


positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.


Decreased serum creatinine

An abnormally reduced amount of creatinine in the blood.


negative regulation of glucokinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


D1 dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a D1 dopamine receptor.


alcohol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of a membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group.


Prinzmetal angina

A syndrome typically consisting of angina (cardiac chest pain) at rest that occurs in cycles. It is caused by vasospasm, a narrowing of the coronary arteries caused by contraction of the smooth muscle tissue in the vessel walls rather than directly by atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty plaque and hardening of the arteries). For a portion of patients Prinzmetal's angina may be a manifestation of vasospastic disorder and is associated with migraine, Raynaud's phenomenon or aspirin-induced asthma.


isolated growth hormone deficiency type IA

An isolated growth hormone deficiency characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of severe dwarfism with onset by 6 months of age and variable development of antibodies to growth hormone following exogenous supplementation that has material basis in null mutations in the GH1 gene on chromosome 17q23.3.


protein nitrosylation

The covalent addition of a nitric oxide group to an amino acid within a protein.


response to phenylpropanoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a phenylpropanoid stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. A phenylpropanoid is any of secondary metabolites with structures based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.


spongiotrophoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the ectoplacental cone acquires specialized features of a spongiotrophoblast of the placenta. A spongiotrophoblast cell is a basophilic cell.


short-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.


renal sodium ion absorption

A renal system process in which sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


short-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus

The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin, in response to a glucose stimulus.


elastin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving elastin, a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.


microtubule nucleation by microtubule organizing center

The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the microtubule organizing center.


skeletal myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell.


Uric acid crystalluria

The presence of uric acid crystals in the urine.


negative regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


cytidine to uridine editing

The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination.


insulin-like growth factor ternary complex

A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.


dynactin complex

A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach.


optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development

The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


directional guidance of interneurons involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that control the direction of migration of interneurons as a component of the process of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


positive regulation of muscle hypertrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.


type I interferon production

The appearance of type I interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


muscle alpha-actinin binding

Binding to muscle isoforms of actinin. Muscle alpha-actinin isoforms are found in skeletal and cardiac muscle and are localized to the Z-disc.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.


Catalysis of the dimethylation of two adjacent adenine residues in a rRNA, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor.


negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


respiratory chain complex IV

A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP.


dystocia

Slow or difficult obstetric labor or childbirth.


regulation of neutrophil degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil degranulation.


Umbilical hernia

Protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall musculature around the umbilicus. Skin and subcutaneous tissue overlie the defect.


histidine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His).


alditol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.


I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex

A protein complex containing an inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB/IKB) protein and one or more copies of an NF-kappaB protein. In the resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm.


meiotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a meiotic cell cycle.


8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine diphosphate (8-oxo-GDP) + phosphate. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for transcription.


regulation of T cell costimulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


seborrheic infantile dermatitis

Excessive shedding of dry scaly material from the scalp in humans.


IgE binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype.


chromatin silencing complex

Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.


RNA polymerase I core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery. This site is often referred to as the CORE element. In mammalian cells, the CORE element functions in conjunction with the Upstream Control Element (UCE), while in fungi, protozoa, and plants, the CORE element functions without a UCE.


loop of Henle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The loop of Henle is a nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.


glycoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.


Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-GlcNAc residue from UDP-D-GlcNAc to the fucose residue of a fucosylated protein acceptor.


corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 binding

Binding to a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2 (CRHR2). The CRHR2 has several splice variants that are located in sub-cortical areas of the brain and in the periphery.


negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.


ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of ammonia by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with ammonia as a substrate.


DNA polymerase processivity factor activity

An enzyme regulator activity that increases the processivity of polymerization by DNA polymerase, by allowing the polymerase to move rapidly along DNA while remaining topologically bound to it.


negative regulation of membrane potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


collagen type XI trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type XI alpha chains in alpha1(XI)alpha2(XI)alpha3(XI) trimers; type XI collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


regulation of sequestering of triglyceride

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA.


peptidyl-arginine N-methylation

The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


glycocalyx

A carbohydrate rich layer at the outermost periphery of a cell.


ceramide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ceramide = ADP + ceramide-1-phosphate.


protein K69-linked ufmylation

A protein ufmylation process in which a polymer of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 is formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 69 of the UFM1 monomers, is added to a protein.


histone H4K16 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16). This reaction represents the addition of an acetyl group to the lysine at position 16 of histone H4.


induction of programmed cell death

A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.


N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins.


polynucleotide 3' dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 3' end of a polynucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


phosphatidylethanolamine binding

Binding to a phosphatidylethanolamine, a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.


thick ascending limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thick ascending limb is the last part of the loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.


acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + a carboxylate.


halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.


calcineurin complex

A heterodimeric calcium ion and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits; the regulatory subunit is very similar in sequence to calmodulin.


UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


negative regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.


Drug toxicity

An adverse effect of a drug used therapeutically or diagnostically.


mastoiditis

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system of the mastoid process.


macrolide binding

Binding to a macrolide, any of a large group of structurally related antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species.


menaquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glucocorticoid binding to its receptor.


negative regulation of translation in response to stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone.


N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-serine.


single-stranded DNA helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.


response to iron(III) ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.


oxidative single-stranded RNA demethylation

Removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a single-stranded RNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.


deoxyribonuclease II activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 3'-phosphodinucleotide and 3'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.


actin modification

Covalent modification of an actin molecule.


cerebral arteritis

An inflammatory disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the cerebral artery.


angiotensin receptor binding

Binding to an angiotensin receptor.


positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.


anencephaly 1

Anencephaly is a neural tube defect. This malformation is characterized by the total or partial absence of the cranial vault and the covering skin, the brain being missing or reduced to a small mass. Most cases are stillborn, although some infants have been reported to survive for a few hours or even a few days.


alditol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


immature B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.


regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis.


pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an acute or chronic inflammation in the pelvic cavity. It is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted diseases, including chlamydia and gonorrhea that have ascended into the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries as a result of intercourse or childbirth, or of surgical procedures, including insertion of IUDs or abortion. PID may be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. It may cause infertility and it may raise the risk of ectopic pregnancy. PID is a disease associated with HIV infection.


type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Binding to a type III transforming growth factor beta receptor.


paranasal sinus

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The paired air-filled cavities surrounded by the bones of the face that are lined by mucous membranes and are continuous with the nasal cavity.


Abnormal vertebral morphology

An abnormality of one or more of the vertebrae.


Immunologic Tests

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


HFE-transferrin receptor complex

A protein complex containing at least HFE and a transferrin receptor (either TFR1/TFRC or TFR2), proposed to play a role in the sensing of transferrin-bound Fe (Fe2-Tf) on the plasma membrane to regulate hepcidin transcription.


carotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.


neutrophil apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.


regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.


negative regulation of lipid storage

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.


polyadenylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA.


negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


sphingolipid transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of sphingolipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

The deposition of hydroxyapatite, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.


myotome development

The progression of the myotome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The myotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to muscle.


queuosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


guanylate cyclase regulator activity

Modulates the activity of guanylate cyclase.


lysine-acetylated histone binding

Binding to a histone in which a lysine residue has been modified by acetylation.


coronary thrombosis

Coagulation of blood in any of the coronary vessels. The presence of a blood clot (thrombus) often leads to myocardial infarction.


mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


TAP1 binding

Binding to the TAP1 subunit of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) protein.


cytoplasmic translational termination

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in the cytoplasm, usually in response to a termination codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H+.


'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


T cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


CNS metastases

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the central nervous system from another anatomic site or system. The majority are carcinomas (usually lung or breast carcinomas).


gamma DNA polymerase complex

A DNA polymerase complex consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA.


modulation by host of viral catalytic activity

The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of a virus with which it is infected.


glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


positive regulation of cholesterol efflux

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate.


bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a bundle of His cardiomyocyte to a Purkinje myocyte.


regulation of kidney size

Any process that modulates the size of a kidney.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Binding to a very-low-density lipoprotein receptor.


single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


sebum

Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands, and made of made of triglyceride oils, wax, squalene, and metabolytes of fat-producing cells[BTO,WP].


nuclear cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus.


geranyltranstransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


chronic liver failure

Liver failure that develops slowly and gradually for some time, possibly for years, often as the result of cirrhosis, or malnutrition.


scleral disorder

A disorder affecting the sclera. Examples include inflammatory processes (e.g., scleritis and episcleritis), and degenerative processes. Primary tumors of the sclera are extremely rare.


facial nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


neonatal abstinence syndrome

A constellation of neurobehavioral features observed in a neonate following antenatal exposure to drugs including opioids, benzodiazepines, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.


tRNA-intron endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.


histone H3-K27 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 27 of the histone.


regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


ethanolamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ethanolamine = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphoethanolamine.


regulation of ATP biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.


regulation of neuronal action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


mitochondrial degradosome

A mitochondrial protein complex with 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity that participates in intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial transcripts. In humans, the mitochondrial degradosome is a pentameric complex, and in yeast it exists as a heterodimer.


negative regulation of B cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.


Impaired vibratory sensation

A decrease in the ability to perceive vibration. Clinically, this is usually tested with a tuning fork which vibrates at 128 Hz and is applied to bony prominences such as the malleoli at the ankles or the metacarpal-phalangeal joints. There is a slow decay of vibration from the tuning fork. The degree of vibratory sense loss can be crudely estimated by counting the number of seconds that the examiner can perceive the vibration longer than the patient.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA.


vocal learning

A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others.


pancreatic neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the pancreas.


regulation of thyroid hormone generation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.


glutamate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2.


positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


cellular response to forskolin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a forskolin stimulus.


non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


duodenitis

Acute or chronic inflammation of the duodenum. Causes include bacterial and viral infections and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Symptoms include vomiting and abdominal pain.


pulmonary artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pulmonary artery are generated and organized. The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.


minus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of an organelle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.


receptor localization to non-motile cilium

A process in which a receptor is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


DNA rewinding

The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) are reformed to regenerate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ssDNA is often bound and stabilized by proteins such as replication protein A (RPA) to form ssDNA bubbles. The bubbles can be rewound by ATP-dependent motors to reform base pairs between strands and thus dsDNA.


positive regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import across the plasma membrane.


heart trabecula morphogenesis

The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.


cranial nerve palsy

Injury to any of the cranial nerves or their nuclei in the brain resulting in muscle weakness.


positive regulation of cellular pH reduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.


CURI complex

A protein complex that is involved in the transcription of ribosomal genes. In Saccharomyces this complex consists of Ckb2p, Utp22p, Rrp7p and Ifh1p.


RNA transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of RNA, ribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


lipase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid.


diabetes insipidus

A disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of urine, accompanied by excessive thirst. Causes include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone or failure of the kidneys to respond to antidiuretic hormone. It may also be drug-related.


Necrosis of pancreas

A necrotic process affecting the pancreas.


keratohyalin granule

A cytoplasmic, non-membrane bound granule of, at least, keratinocyte. Associated to keratin intermediate filaments and partially crosslinked to the cell envelope.


L-aspartate transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-aspartate across a membrane.


box C/D RNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a box C/D type RNA that can carry out ribose-2'-O-methylation of target RNAs. Box C/D type RNAs are widespread in eukaryotes and in Archaea, suggesting that an RNA-based guide mechanism for directing specific RNA 2'-O-ribose methylations was present in the common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya.


Masoprocol

The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.


deuterosome

A spherical, electron dense, cytoplasmic structure that is involved in de novo assembly of centrioles.


uropod organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a uropod, a rigid membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a lymphocyte or other cell in the process of migrating or being activated.


regulation of collagen catabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


miRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.


testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + testosterone = NADPH + H+ + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.


positive regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.


mismatch repair complex binding

Binding to a mismatch repair complex.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in).


cardiac muscle cell-cardiac muscle cell adhesion

The attachment of one cardiomyocyte to another cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules.


heparan sulfate sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfated heparan sulfate.


oligosaccharyltransferase complex

A protein complex that is found in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotes and transfers lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor to asparagine residues on nascent proteins. In yeast, the complex includes at least nine different subunits, whereas in mammalian cells at least three different forms of the complex have been detected.


regulation of organelle transport along microtubule

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle transport along microtubule.


activin receptor activity, type I

Combining with activin-bound type II activin receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of activin signals.


lipase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid.


negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of response to nutrient levels

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.


mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which antigen-activated dendritic cells acquire the specialized features of a mature conventional dendritic cell. Mature conventional dendritic cells upregulate the surface expression of MHC molecules, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and increase the number of dendrites (cytoplasmic protrusions) in preparation for migration to lymphoid organs where they present antigen to T cells.


flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + O2 = [protein]-disulfide + H2O2 using FAD as a cofactor, leading to formation of disulfide bridges in proteins.


RNA 7-methylguanosine cap binding

Binding to a 7-methylguanosine group added cotranscriptionally to the 5' end of RNA molecules transcribed by polymerase II.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the placental labyrinthine layer.


positive regulation of amine transport

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


alkaloid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


follicular fluid

The fluid surrounding the ovum and granulosa cells in the ovarian follicle.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.


aorta coarctation

Congenital narrowing of a segment of the aorta. Signs and symptoms include hypertension, muscle weakness, shortness of breath, headaches and leg cramps.


mesonephric duct morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric duct are generated and organized. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros.


ascending aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ascending aorta are generated and organized. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


XPC complex

A nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in damage sensing during global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). It is part of the pre-incision (or initial recognition) complex bound to sites of DNA damage. In human, it is composed of XPC, RAD23B and CETN2.


plasma membrane tubulation

A membrane tubulation process occurring in a plasma membrane.


NADPH binding

Binding to the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.


catecholamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


myoblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction directed at self antigens.


apolipoprotein A-I binding

Binding to apolipoprotein A-I.


Thiamylal

A member of the class of  barbiturates that is 2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by a pentan-2-yl and prop-2-en-1-yl group at position 5.


B-1 B cell differentiation

The process in which a hemopoietic stem cell acquires the specialized features of a B-1 B cell. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


activated T cell proliferation

The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.


leukotriene B4 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.


Riboflavin

D-Ribitol in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl moiety. It is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables, but the richest natural source is yeast. The free form occurs only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide.


chloride ion binding

Binding to a chloride ion (Cl-).


regulation of proton transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


filamin binding

Binding to a filamin, any member of a family of high molecular mass cytoskeletal proteins that crosslink actin filaments to form networks and stress fibers. Filamins contain an amino-terminal alpha-actinin-like actin binding domain, which is followed by a rod-domain composed of 4 to 24 100-residue repetitive segments including a carboxy-terminal dimerization domain.


Enprofylline

Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.


detection of virus

The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-beta + NAD(P)+ = estrone + NAD(P)H + H+. The activity can use NAD+ or NADP+ as the acceptor.


methotrexate transport

The directed movement of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


axonemal dynein complex

A dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella; the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.


brainstem development

The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord.


mercury ion binding

Binding to a mercury ion (Hg).


glossopharyngeal nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the glossopharyngeal nerve is generated and organized. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


serotonin transport

The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.


Clostridium infectious disease

Infections with bacteria of the genus clostridium.


interleukin-2 production

The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


coronary vasospasm

Sudden coronary artery smooth muscle contraction leading to lumen constriction and decreased blood flow.


posterior cerebral artery

The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain in human anatomy]. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the basilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA). [WP,unvetted].


very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.


platelet dense granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.


myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a myeloid cell, a cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = phosphatidylcholine + CoA.


regulation of monocyte aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.


aldosterone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.


signal recognition particle, endoplasmic reticulum targeting

A ribonucleoprotein particle of 325 kDa composed of a 7S (300 nucleotide) RNA molecule and a complex of six different polypeptides. This binds both to the N-terminal signal peptide for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum as they emerge from the large ribosomal subunit and also to the ribosome. This binding arrests further translation thereby preventing the proteins from being released into the cytosol. The SRP-ribosome complex then diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is bound to the signal recognition particle receptor, which allows resumption of protein synthesis and facilitates the passage of the growing polypeptide chain through the translocon. Through a process involving GTP hydrolysis, the SRP-SRP receptor complex dissociates and SRP returns to the cytosol. Of the six polypeptides of SRP the 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) is the central player. It contains an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal domain that binds directly to the signal peptide and the SRP RNA. Examples of this component are found in Mus musculus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana.


protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy

The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring as part of autophagy, the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that affects mostly the intestine of premature infants. The wall of the intestine is invaded by bacteria, which cause local infection and inflammation that can ultimately destroy the wall of the bowel (intestine). Such bowel wall destruction can lead to perforation of the intestine and spillage of stool into the infant's abdomen, which can result in an overwhelming infection and death.


positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.


calcium-independent protein kinase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol but not calcium.


Golgi to lysosome transport

The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to lysosomes.


regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


histone H3K36 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 36). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein.


benign meningioma

A grade I, slowly growing meningioma. Only a minority of tumors recur following complete resection.


perennial allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis caused by indoor allergens and lasting year round.


MAP-kinase scaffold activity

The binding activity of a molecule that functions as a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. Binds multiple kinases of the MAPKKK cascade, and also upstream signaling proteins, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Bringing together multiple enzymes and their substrates enables the signal to be transduced quickly and efficiently.


cardiac right ventricle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


modulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.


Gum Infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the gums.


regulation of store-operated calcium entry

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium entry.


U4/U6 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the extensively base paired small nuclear RNAs U4 and U6, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins associated with U4, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex associated with U6, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4 snRNP or U6 snRNPs, some of which remain associated with the U4/U6 snRNA both while the U4 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


infectious myositis

An infectious process affecting the skeletal muscles. It can be caused by viruses (including HIV), bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Symptoms include muscle weakness and muscle pain.


negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.


Athetosis

A slow, continuous, involuntary writhing movement that prevents maintenance of a stable posture. Athetosis involves continuous smooth movements that appear random and are not composed of recognizable sub-movements or movement fragments. In contrast to chorea, in athetosis, the same regions of the body are repeatedly involved. Athetosis may worsen with attempts at movement of posture, but athetosis can also occur at rest.


ceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramides, any N-acetylated sphingoid.


ATF4-CREB1 transcription factor complex

Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF4 and CREB1 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') as part of the positive regulation of transcription. Regulatory targets include the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter in humans, whose activation by this complex is part of the ER stress response pathway.


L-serine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine = pyruvate + NH3.


protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding

Binding to one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A.


fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase.


BAT3 complex binding

Binding to a BAT3 complex.


phylloquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phylloquinone, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. Phylloquinone has vitamin K activity and is known as vitamin K1.


internal capsule of telencephalon

White matter regional part of brain which is flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers projecting between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem and spinal cord. It consists of three distinct parts: an anterior limb, posterior limb, and genu. (Adapted from MSH by Maryann Martone).


Hypocapnia

Abnormally reduced blood carbon dioxide (CO2) level.


methylarsonate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + H+ + methylarsonate = glutathione disulfide + H2O + methylarsonous acid.


6-phosphofructokinase complex

A protein complex that possesses 6-phosphofructokinase activity; homodimeric, homooctameric, and allosteric homotetrameric forms are known.


synaptic transmission, GABAergic

The vesicular release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of GABA receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


expressive language disorder

A disorder characterized by an impairment in the development of an individual's expressive language which is in contrast to his/her nonverbal intellect and receptive language development. The impairment may be acquired (i.e., due to a brain lesion or head trauma) or developmental (i.e., no known neurological insult).


peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation

Transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group from one cysteine residue to another.


endosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endosome.


nuclear pore cytoplasmic filaments

Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.


dendritic spine maintenance

The organization process that preserves a dendritic spine in a stable functional or structural state. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.


interleukin-1, type I receptor binding

Binding to a Type I interleukin-1 receptor.


immune response-inhibiting signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an immune response.


ectopic germ cell programmed cell death

Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo.


GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated protein.


response to selenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.


ceramide transport

The directed movement of ceramides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


negative regulation of helicase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a helicase.


regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis.


CatSper complex

A sperm-specific voltage-gated calcium channel that controls the intracellular calcium ion concentration and, thereby, the swimming behavior of sperm. Consists of a heteromeric tetramer surrounding a calcium ion- selective pore. May also contain additional auxiliary subunits.


mediator complex binding

Binding to a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


DNA primase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases.


somite specification

The process in which individual somites establish identity during embryogenesis.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


otolith morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an otolith are generated and organized.


MutLalpha complex binding

Binding to a MutLalpha mismatch repair complex.


Mestranol

A terminal acetylenic compound that is (17alpha)-17-ethynylestra-1(10),2,4-triene substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 17.


positive regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation.


luteinizing hormone secretion

The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.


negative regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


Ric1-Rgp1 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex

A protein complex that acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for the GTPase Ypt6p, and is required for fusion of endosome-derived vesicles with the Golgi.


Blanching

Transient pallor of the skin caused by reduced blood flow to the affected region.


positive regulation of mismatch repair

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.


folic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


corneal endothelium

A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP].


protein localization to microtubule cytoskeleton

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the microtubule cytoskeleton.


L-phenylalanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


zymogen granule

A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme.


gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl(in).


icosanoid receptor activity

Combining with an icosanoid to initiate a change in cell activity.


meiotic spindle

A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle.


positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


negative regulation of macrophage activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.


positive regulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


NAD+ nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose.


cellular response to cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell-matrix adhesion.


negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.


protein localization to extracellular region

Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location.


desmosome assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


response to manganese-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by a manganese stimulus.


uterine polyp

A benign protruding lesion arising either from the endometrial cavity (endometrial polyp) or the endocervix (endocervical polyp). It may occasionally recur following complete resection.


canalicular bile acid transport

Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a hepatocyte plasma membrane into a bile canaliculus. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


Joint dislocation

Displacement or malalignment of joints.


positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.


negative regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.


regulation of membrane tubulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.


cellular response to peptidoglycan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


metanephric nephron tubule development

The progression of a metanephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.


piRNA binding

Binding to a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


pyridoxine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


negative regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation.


Hyperphosphaturia

An increased excretion of phosphates in the urine.


GARP complex

A quatrefoil tethering complex required for retrograde traffic from the early endosome back to the late Golgi and biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.


cardiac Purkinje fiber

The cardiac Purkinje fiber is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)

The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.


iron-responsive element binding

Binding to an iron-responsive element, a regulatory sequence found in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding many iron-binding proteins.


DNA replication, removal of RNA primer

Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease.


determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of iron (Fe) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


phospholipid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phospholipid within an organism or cell.


Ridged nail

Longitudinal, linear prominences in the nail plate.


FANCM-MHF complex

A protein complex contains the proteins FANCM and MHF, or their orthologs, plays an essential role in DNA remodeling, protects replication forks, and is conserved in eukaryotes.


neuronal signal transduction

The process in which an activated neuronal cell receptor conveys information down a signaling pathway, resulting in a change in the function or state of a cell. This process may be intracellular or intercellular.


protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basolateral regions of the plasma membrane.


malate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


positive regulation of ureteric bud formation

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.


urate transport

The directed movement of urate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


citrullinemia

Citrullinemia is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of urea cycle metabolism and ammonia detoxification characterized by elevated concentrations of serum citrulline and ammonia. The disease presents with a large range of manifestations including neonatal hyperammonemic encephalopathy with lethargy, seizures and coma; hepatic dysfunction in all age groups; episodes of hyperammonemia and neuropsychiatric symptoms in children or adults, or, can be asymptomatic in some cases (detected in newborn screening programs). Citrullinemia is divided into two main groups that are encoded by different genes: citrullinemia type I (comprised of acute neonatal citrullinemia type I and adult-onset citrullinemia type I) and citrin deficiency (comprised of adult-onset citrullinemia type II and neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis due to citrin deficiency).


3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilization

An mRNA destabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.


Toll signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


L-mimosine

An L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica.


inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


fatty acid alpha-oxidation

A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway.


NADP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.


xerophthalmia

Dryness of the eye due to inadequate production of tears. Causes include vitamin A deficiency, Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma.


regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


articular capsule

An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted].


negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein receptors.


facial spasm

Sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic motor movements (spasms), involving the eyes and muscles of the face.


positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.