Hairy Polyp

A benign polypoid lesion that usually arises from the nasopharynx. It may also occur in the oropharynx, palate, tonsil, tongue, lip, and middle ear. It usually affects neonates and older infants and is composed of ectoderm and mesoderm.


Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis

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A chronic infection of the prostate gland caused by bacteria.  It is manifested with recurring urinary tract infections.  The culture of the prostatic fluid, semen, or post-massage urine specimen reveals the presence of bacteria.


Stage I Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor strictly confined to the cervix (extension to corpus should be disregarded). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


MAC lymphadenitis

Lymph node infection by Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium intracellulare. It most often affects children and usually presents with cervical lymph node enlargement. It generally follows a benign clinical course.


Malignant fibrohistiocytic neoplasm

A fibrohistiocytic neoplasm that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Oligometastatic Prostate Carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Terrifying Pain

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A sensation of discomfort or distress that is frightening or scary.


Mixed Morphea

The presence of more than one variant of morphea in a single patient.


Stage III Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage III includes: (T1-3, N1, M0) and (T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor confined to vagina.  T2: Tumor invades paravaginal tissues but not to pelvic wall.  T3: Tumor extends to pelvic wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Pelvic or inguinal lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Airway Tumor Mass

A tumor mass that is located in the airways.


Psammocarcinoma

An extremely rare variant of serous carcinoma arising from the ovary or peritoneum. It is characterized by extensive formation of psammoma bodies, low-grade cytological features, and invasion of surrounding structures.


Refractory Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent Skin Carcinoma

A carcinoma of the skin that has recurred after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm

A malignant digestive system neoplasm that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage III Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0, M0, Any G); IIIB (T3, N2, M0, Any G); IIIC (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


High-Grade Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of high grade epithelial dysplasia.


Stage IVA Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, Any G.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Neoplasm to the Gallbladder

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the gallbladder from another anatomic site.  Representative examples include metastatic melanoma, and metastatic carcinomas from the breast and the stomach.


Appendix Low Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous intraepithelial neoplastic lesion that affects the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of mild dysplasia and mild architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Suppurative Granuloma

A granuloma caused by infectious organisms and characterized by the presence of abscess formation.


Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Excluding Head and Neck

A high-grade carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. This category includes small cell carcinomas, large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and Merkel cell carcinomas and excludes neuroendocrine carcinomas that arise from the head and neck. The head and neck neuroendocrine carcinomas include well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, and poorly-differentiated (high-grade) neuroendocrine carcinomas.


Thrombosis of blood vessel

The formation of a blood clot in the lumen of a vessel; causes include coagulation disorders, and vascular endothelial injury.


Trichoadenoma

A rare benign tumor of the hair follicle occurring usually in the face or buttocks.


Pathologic Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1a/b-T2a, N1a or N2a, M0); IIIB: (T0, N1b, N1c, M0); (T1a/b-T2a, N1b/c or N2b, M0); (T2b/T3a, N1a-N2b, M0); IIIC: (T0, N2b, N2c, N3b or N3c); (T1a-T3a, N2c or N3a/b/c, M0); (T3b/T4a, Any N greater than or equal to N1, M0); (T4b, N1a-N2c, M0); IIID: (T4b, N3a/b/c, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T0: No evidence of primary tumor (e.g., unknown primary or completely regressed melanoma). Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N1a: One clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No.  N2a: Two or three clinically occult nodal metastases (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1b: One clinically detected nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1c: No regional lymph node disease. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N2b: Two or three nodal metastases at least one of which was clinically detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N2c: One clinically occult nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N3b: Four or more nodal metastases, at least one of which was clinically detected, or presence of any number of matted nodes. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N3c: Two or more clinically occult nodal metastases. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N3a: Four or more clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


A hepatocellular adenoma caused by inactivating mutations of the HNF1A gene.  It is characterized by the presence of lobulated contours, steatosis, and absence of inflammation or nuclear atypia.


Chest Pain in Mid Sternum

The location of the chest pain is in the middle of the sternum.


Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia with Atypia

A proliferation of endometrial cells resulting in glandular enlargement and budding without changes in the basic structure of the endometrium. Epithelial atypia is present.


Cervical carcinoma stage II AJCC v7

Stage II includes: II (T2, N0, M0); IIA (T2a, N0, M0); IIA1 (T2a1, N0, M0); IIA2 (T2a2, N0, M0); IIB (T2b, N0, M0); T2: Cervical carcinoma invades beyond uterus but not to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T2a: Tumor without parametrial invasion.  T2a1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2a2: Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension.  T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

Malignant neoplasms which occur in the brain, spinal cord, or meninges of children.  Brainstem gliomas, medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and certain pineal tumors are relatively common primary malignant tumors of the CNS in children.


Juvenile systemic scleroderma

Systemic sclerosis that is diagnosed in children. Juvenile systemic sclerosis is more likely to be of the overlap variant and presents with musculoskeletal involvement.


Spontaneous Perforation

A hole through the wall of an organ that occurs without external influence.


Cancer Fatigue

A debilitating tiredness or total lack of energy, often reported as the most common symptom in individuals with cancer.  Cancer fatigue can result from chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and other treatments; chemotherapy-induced anemia is a very frequent cause. -- 2004


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage IV

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, or nodular involvement of the lungs(s).


Clinical Stage III Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (cT4b, cN0, cM0, Any H); (Any cT, cN1, cM0, Any H). cT4b: Extraocular tumor clinically evident with proptosis and/or an orbital mass. cN0: No regional lymph node involvement. cN1: Evidence of preauricular, submandibular, and cervical lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: Any pT/TX, N1-3, M0, SX. TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N1: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and less than or equal to five nodes positive, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension. N2: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or more than five nodes positive, none larger than 5 cm; or evidence of extranodal extension of tumor. N3: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. SX: Marker studies not available or not performed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Congenital ankyloblepharon

A congenital abnormality in which the margins of the upper and lower eyelids are fused together by bands of tissue.


Spiradenocylindroma

A benign adnexal neoplasm with histological features of both spiradenoma and cylindroma in a single nodular lesion.


Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, or appendix. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Cutaneous Fistula

An abnormal communication between the skin and another organ or cavity.


Metastatic Genitourinary System Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the genitourinary system and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Unresectable Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anal squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Malignant cylindroma

A carcinoma that arises in a cylindroma.


Unresectable Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Middle Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left middle sternal border.


Non-Neoplastic Hair Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the hair. Representative examples may include alopecia, male pattern baldness, hirsutism, and hair shaft disorders.


Increased NPN

A laboratory test result indicating abnormally high concentration of non-protein nitrogen in the blood.


High Grade Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma exhibiting more than 50% solid non-glandular, non-squamous growth.


Lugano Classification Stage IE Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IE: Single extralymphatic site in the absence of nodal involvement (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome related to alkylating agent

Acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of alkylating agents that are used for the treatment of malignant tumors. Patients usually develop a myelodysplastic syndrome which may evolve to a higher grade myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia. A minority of patients present with an acute myeloid leukemia. Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently present and usually are unbalanced translocations or deletions of chromosomes 5 and 7. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia usually do not respond to treatment and have an unfavorable clinical outcome.


Seminal Vesicle Squamous Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the seminal vesicle. Glandular formation and mucin secretion are absent.


Intermediate Grade Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An intermediate grade malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the lung.  This category includes atypical carcinoid tumor.


Disorder of AMH Receptor

A defect in the Anti-Muellerian hormone receptor.


Childhood L2 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

L2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Sinonasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma

A benign, locally destructive, sinonasal tumor-like growth containing mixed mesenchymal elements. (WHO 2017)


Mitochondrial Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to inactivating mutation(s) in the gene HADH, encoding mitochondrial (short-chain) hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, resulting in loss of inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). This condition is also characterized by protein-induced hypoglycemia, but in contrast to GLUD1-associated hyperinsulinism, hyperammonemia is absent.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A cervical squamous cell carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Circumferential Endothelial Hyperplasia

Intraluminal hyperplasia of endothelial cells, encircling the entire lumen.


Refractory Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Clostridium difficile infection

A bacterial infection caused by Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile), which is a spore-forming, toxin-producing Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus that is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Infection may cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon, and risk factors include use of antibiotic medication, advanced age, and hospital or long-term care facility admission.


Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor confined to the corpus uteri, including endocervical glandular involvement. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Second degree uterine prolapse

The uterus has descended to the level of the hymen.


High grade glandular intraepithelial neoplasia

A high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in which there is marked architectural distortion and crowding of the glands, associated with severe cellular atypia. The neoplastic cells display pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei.


Malignant tumor of epidermal appendage

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the skin appendages.


Stage III Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III) that may also be accompanied by localized involvement of an extralymphatic organ or site (IIIE), by involvement of the spleen (IIIS), or both (IIIS+E). (from PDQ)


Lipomatosis of Nerve

A tumor composed of mature adipocytes and fibrous tissue infiltrating the epineurium and peripheral nerves.  It is often seen at birth or during childhood and may be associated with macrodactyly.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

An anal squamous cell carcinoma related to infection with sexually transmittable human papillomavirus.


Helicobacter Pylori-Related Carcinoma

A carcinoma that is caused by Helicobacter pylori.


Unresectable Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Local infection skin/subcut tissue NOS

An infection involving the surface of the skin and subcutaneous tissues in a defined area of the body.


Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0.  T3b: Tumor involves vagina (direct extension or metastasis) or parametrial tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Non-Functioning Neuroendocrine Tumor

A non-functioning, well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Foamy Variant

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of large glands with papillary infoldings that contain cells with xanthomatous cytoplasm.


Tooth Abrasion

Wearing away of tooth enamel by an outside mechanical force.


Lacrimal Drainage System Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac, canaliculi, or nasolacrimal duct.


Chronic Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis

A chronic infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or hominis that manifests as enteritis. It usually occurs in immunocompromised patients including persons with AIDS, transplant recipients, patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, and patients with hematologic malignancies.


Cortical Cataract Grade 2

A stage of cortical cataract characterized by 10-50% of the intrapupillary space obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


Automobile Accident

An accident occurring while aboard, or involving, an automobile.


Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis

A rare, paralytic poliomyelitis associated with the orally administered live attenuated strain of the poliovirus, OPV.


Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage

A term that refers to the postneoadjuvant therapy staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Stage III Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma that involves the lower third of the vagina and/or extends to the pelvic wall and/or causes hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney and/or involves pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph nodes. (FIGO 2018)


Metastatic Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises in the digestive system and has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Recurrent Fallopian Tube Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube mucinous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Bladder Granular Cell Tumor

A rare granular cell tumor arising from the bladder. Most tumors are benign.


Epididymal Cystadenoma

A benign cystadenoma in the epididymal ducts.


Venous lake

A condition that is characterized by venous dilation, which presents as soft, compressible lesions.


Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Primary

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain or the spinal cord.


Serum Calcitonin Level Increased

A laboratory test result indicating an increased concentration of calcitonin in the blood serum.


Cystic urethritis

A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the urethra.  It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the urethral wall.  The cysts are lined by urothelial cells.


Substance Withdrawal Delirium

A disorder characterized by the acute and sudden development of changes in attention, memory, language and/or perception that can be etiologically linked to the direct physiological consequences of substance withdrawal.


Venous Angioleiomyoma

A morphologic variant of angioleiomyoma characterized by the presence of thick-walled veins.


Malignant neoplasm musculoskeletal

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects muscles and bones.


Gingival odontogenic cyst

An odontogenic cyst found in the alveolar mucosa. (WHO 2017)


Direct Contact Transmission Infection

Infection produced by direct contact with another person.


Congenital hydroureter

Dilatation of the ureter caused by obstruction of urine flow that is present at birth.


Vulval Infection

An infectious process affecting the vulva. Causative agents include human papillomavirus, herpes virus, Trichomonas, and Candida. Symptoms include itching and pain in the genital area and discharge.


Adult Lymphocyte-Rich Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in adults.


Conjunctival Compound Nevus

A compound nevus that arises from the conjunctiva. It usually occurs in the bulbar conjunctiva, caruncle, and plica semilunaris. It is characterized by the presence of nevus cells within the epithelium and in the substantia propria. Type A nevus cells are present in the junctional nests and superficial substantia propria, and type B nevus cells are present in the deeper layers of the subepithelial compartment.


Troublesome Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that worries an individual or interrupts their ability to complete desired activities.


Childhood Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia

An acute myelomonocytic leukemia occurring in children.


Pneumococcal arthritis and polyarthritis


Third degree perineal laceration

Injury to perineum involving anal sphincter complex. (adapted from reVITALize)


Aggressive osteoblastoma

An osteoblastoma characterized by the presence of prominent epithelioid osteoblasts and recurrences.


Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Malignant Brain Neoplasm

A malignant brain neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IB Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: (T2, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX).  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Infiltrating Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma with Glandular Differentiation

An infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the ureter that exhibits glandular differentiation.


Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with MLL Rearrangement

An acute lymphoblastic leukemia with rearrangement of the MLL (KMT2A) gene that occurs in infancy.


Multicystic mesothelioma, benign

An intermediate grade neoplasm arising from mesothelial cells. It occurs in the peritoneum, extraperitoneal space, omentum, or pelvic or abdominal viscera. It is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts lined by flattened or cuboidal mesothelial cells. There is no evidence of significant cytologic atypia or increased mitotic activity. It usually occurs in young to middle-aged women. Patients present with abdominal or pelvic mass and pain. Approximately half of the cases recur. The recurrences may appear several years after the initial diagnosis. Rare cases of transformation to malignant mesothelioma have also been described.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline ETV6 Mutation

Autosomal dominant familial thrombocytopenia associated with germline ETV6 mutation and hematologic malignancies. The hematologic malignancies reported are diverse, including myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, B lymphoblastic leukemia, and plasma cell myeloma. Non-hematological neoplasms, including colorectal adenocarcinoma, have been also reported in affected families. (WHO 2017)


supravesical fissure of urinary bladder

A urogenital anomaly characterized by infraumbilical exstrophy of a bladder open only in its upper portion and pubic diastasis.  It has been described in both males and females and may be associated with trisomy 18, omphalocele, and urethral duplication.


Lymphangitis carcinomatosa

Extensive infiltration of the lymphatic vessels by cancer cells, resulting in widespread cancer dissemination.  The lymphatic vessels appear as palpable, cord-like structures, especially in skin areas overlying the carcinoma.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T0-2, N0, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Intratubular large cell hyalinizing Sertoli cell neoplasia

A clinically benign intratubular neoplastic proliferation of large Sertoli cells in the testis. It is associated with prominent basement membrane deposits. It occurs almost exclusively in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.


Voiding Disorders

A group of conditions comprising dysfunction of the storage and elimination of urine.


Spongioneuroblastoma

A neuroectodermal tumor composed of neoplastic neural elements.


Cyst of hydatid of Morgagni

A cystic structure located between the ovary and fallopian tube.


Stage IV Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, M1b, Risk factors: unknown); IVA (Any T, M1b, Risk factors: low risk); IVB (Any T, M1b, Risk factors: high risk).  M1b: All other distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0, G1); (T1a, N0, M0, GX). T1a: Tumor invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosae. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well-differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Post-biopsy Pain

A sensation of discomfort secondary to sampling of tissue or bodily fluid.


Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

HPV-negative vulvar squamous intraepithelial proliferation characterized by atypia of the basal and parabasal keratinocytes in an otherwise well-differentiated epithelium. Despite its subtle appearance, it has a high risk of malignant transformation. (WHO 2020)


Stage II Contiguous Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Gallbladder Hyperplastic Polyp

A polypoid tumor that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of elongated, serrated crypts lined by proliferative epithelium.


Hernia of unspecified site without mention of obstruction or gangrene

The protrusion of an organ, or the fascia of an organ, through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it, without mention of obstruction or necrosis of the herniated contents.


Stage IB2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Invasive cervical carcinoma equal or more than 2 cm and less than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Combined Nevus

A nevus that contains two or more melanocytic nevus components in the same lesion. The cellular components can be any combination of any nevus variants, but most frequently, a common nevus component is combined with a blue nevus, deep penetrating nevus, or Spitz nevus component. (WHO 2018)


Luminal A Prostate Carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma associated with increased androgen receptor expression and signaling (androgen activity pathway), increased luminal markers, and a lower proliferation score than the luminal B and basal-like prostate carcinomas.


Pancreatic Medullary Carcinoma

A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by poor differentiation and a prominent syncytial growth pattern.  The prognosis is more favorable compared to conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.


Refractory Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma

Urethral urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Acute perforated appendicitis

Acute appendicitis with gangrenous changes resulting in the rupture of the appendiceal wall. The appendiceal wall rupture causes the release of inflammatory and bacterial contents from the appendiceal lumen into the abdominal cavity.


Childhood Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm


Refractory Acute Graft Versus Host Disease

Acute graft versus host disease that is resistant to treatment.


Injury of upper respiratory tract

Mechanical or chemical injuries to the upper airways, including trachea, pharynx and larynx.


Childhood Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

An anaplastic oligodendroglioma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


Refractory Uterine Corpus Cancer

Uterine corpus cancer that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

The cervical carcinoma has spread to adjacent pelvic organs. (FIGO 2018)


Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G2 that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Incontinent Epispadias

Epispadias with urinary incontinence.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Variant MLL Translocations

A term referring to acute myeloid leukemias with rearrangement of the MLL gene which results in translocations with various genes other than the MLLT3 (AF9) gene.


Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gestational trophoblastic tumor according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to kidney

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the kidney.  This may be from a primary kidney malignant neoplasm involving the opposite kidney, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Gastrointestinal Carcinomatosis

Carcinoma that has spread diffusely to the gastrointestinal system.


Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Arnica

Dermatitis caused by an allergic reaction to arnica.


Indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of gastrointestinal tract

A clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that can involve the mucosa in all sites of the gastrointestinal tract, but is most common in the small intestine and colon. The lymphoid cells infiltrate the lamina propria but usually do not show invasion of the epithelium. The clinical course is indolent, but most patients do not respond to conventional chemotherapy. A subset of cases progress to a higher-grade T-cell lymphoma with spread beyond the gastrointestinal tract. (WHO 2017)


Advanced Malignant Genitourinary System Neoplasm

A malignant genitourinary neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refluxing Obstructed Megaureter

A megaureter in which there is retrograde flow of urine and a concomitant, episodic obstruction resulting from ureteral folding.


Uterine Corpus Germ Cell Tumor

A benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the uterine corpus. Representative examples include teratoma and yolk sac tumor.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage I Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T0-2, N0, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Prostate Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of prostate adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Non-Neoplastic Appendix Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the appendix.


Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the Skin

A lymphoproliferative disorder that affects the skin.


Diffuse Astrocytoma, MYB-Altered

A rare IDH-and H3-wildtype diffuse astrocytoma characterized by the presence of a monomorphic population of neoplastic cells that exhibit alteration in the MYB gene. This alteration is associated with fusion between MYB gene and a partner gene, usually PCDHGA1, MMP16, and MAML2 genes.


Benign Intracranial Meningioma

A grade I, slowly growing meningioma within the cranial cavity.


Isolated Non-Pigmented Micronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia

A subtype of micronodular adrenal hyperplasia, characterized by multiple non-pigmented nodules.


Metastatic Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Fallopian Tube Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of fallopian tube carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Type E Lymphomatoid Papulosis

A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis characterized by the presence of atypical lymphocytes which exhibited distinct angioinvasion.


Upper aerodigestive tract infection

An infectious process affecting the oral cavity, pharynx, and/or larynx.


Benign neoplasm of lymph vessels

A benign neoplasm arising from the lymphatic vessels.


Coup de sabre scleroderma

A type of linear scleroderma characterized by a linear, colorless, atrophied band across the forehead or scalp. This disorder can affect the tissues under or near the lesion including brain, bone and eyes.


Hepatic Mass

A space-occupying pathologic process that affects the liver parenchyma.


Vulvar Merkel Cell Carcinoma

A Merkel cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It usually presents as a cutaneous nodular lesion. Most small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the vulva are Merkel cell carcinomas.


Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute

A poorly defined concept which at best is described as an extremely rare entity, possibly related to various subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia with abnormal eosinophils.  (WHO, 2001)


Stage IA Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0, G1 or GX. T1: Tumor measuring 8 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G1: Well differentiated, low grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Chondroblastoma, malignant

A rare chondroblastoma that has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Adenocarcinoma In Situ

Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Condyloma acuminata of vagina

A human papillomavirus-related neoplasm that arises from the vagina. It is characterized by papillomatosis, acanthotic changes, and hyperkeratosis. Koilocytosis is usually present.


Disease due to Papovaviridae

An infection caused by any papovavirus.


Lugano Classification Stage IIE Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IIE: Contiguous extralymphatic extension from a nodal site with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Melanoma Metastatic in the Brain

A melanoma that has spread to the brain from its original site of growth, through the hematogenous route.


Vaginal high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate or severe dysplastic changes.


Stage II Low Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


AIDS-Related Human Papillomavirus Infection

An opportunistic infection caused by the human papillomavirus in a patient with AIDS.


Stage III Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); IIIA (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC (T3c, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor involves one or both fallopian tubes, with peritoneal implants outside the pelvis.  T3a: Microscopic peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis.  T3b: Macroscopic peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3c: Peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and more than 2 cm in diameter.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


small cell carcinoma of anal canal

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Chest Pain Along Left Lower Sternal Border

The location of the chest pain is along the left lower border of the sternum.


Mixed cell adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a mixed malignant glandular cell population.


Locally Advanced Renal Pelvis and Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

Renal pelvis and ureter urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage III Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Common Carotid Trunk

Common origin for left subclavian and left carotid arteries.


Central Nervous System Rosai-Dorfman Disease

Rosai-Dorfman disease affecting the central nervous system. It presents with localized or multiple dural masses, parenchymal, and/or intrasellar lesions.


Malignant tumor of seminal vesicle

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the seminal vesicle.


Stage IIIC2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with para-aortic lymph node metastasis. (FIGO 2018)


Gallbladder Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gallbladder cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to gallbladder carcinomas. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and sarcomas are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage I Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor confined to vagina.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage 0 Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v6

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Leptomeningeal Neoplasms

A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site to the two innermost layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord.


Secondary Osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma arising from a pre-existing lesion of the bone, usually Paget disease, or due to radiation therapy.


Refractory Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A primary malignant central nervous system neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Congenital Phrenic Nerve Injury

Damage to the phrenic nerve that is present at birth.


Conjunctival Reactive Epithelial Hyperplasia

A non-neoplastic proliferation of the conjunctival epithelium in response to irritating stimuli.


Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the bladder mucosa and invades the muscle of the bladder wall.


Tearing Pain

An intense sensation of discomfort or distress that feels like being torn or ripped apart.


Stage IIA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or the mesoappendix. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Non-T Non-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Non-T non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Non-organic enuresis

Involuntary urine release that cannot be attributed to an anatomic or physiologic etiology.


Malignant Trophoblastic Teratoma

A malignant germ cell tumor which metastasizes widely and produces high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin.


Disturbance of Temperature Regulation

Any condition characterized by an inability to regulate body temperature.


Non-Destructive Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is characterized by the lack of tissue destruction and the architectural preservation of the involved tissues.  It includes two morphologic variants: plasmacytic hyperplasia and infectious mononucleosis-like lymphoproliferative disorders.


Non-T Non-B CALLA Positive Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A non-T, non-B, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which the lymphoblasts are positive for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) occurring in children.


Fibrosarcoma metastatic

Fibrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Gallbladder Papillary Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia that affects the gallbladder epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of intraluminal micropapillary projections.


Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6

Stage III includes: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  N1: Metastasis in one lymph node.  N2: Metastasis in two to three regional lymph nodes or intralymphatic regional metastasis without nodal metastases.  N3: Metastasis in four or more regional nodes, or matted metastatic nodes, or in-transit metastasis or satellite(s) with metastasis in regional node(s).


Neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate

A small cell or rarely a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland.


Recurrent Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter

Reemergence of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter after a period of remission.


Malignant sex-cord stromal tumor

A gonadal sex cord-stromal tumor with malignant characteristics.  It includes the poorly differentiated ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, malignant ovarian granulosa cell tumor, malignant ovarian steroid cell tumor, and malignant ovarian thecoma.


Functional encopresis

An elimination disorder characterized by fecal incontinence, whether involuntary or intentional, which is not due to a medical condition and which occurs in someone who is toilet trained.


Polygonal cell carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of atypical polygonal cells with a large amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. A representative example is the fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.


IgG Monoclonal Gammopathy

An abnormal laboratory test result indicating the presence of IgG monoclonal immunoglobulin in the blood or urine.


Recurrent Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

The reemergence of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor after a period of remission.


Retinal Pigment Epithelium Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the retinal pigment epithelium. The prognosis is good if the tumor has not extended extraocularly.


Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3); MLLT3-MLL

An acute myeloid leukemia with t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3); MLLT3-MLL occurring in adults.


Lugano Classification Stage II Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Worst Imaginable Pain

The most severe pain an individual can conceive of experiencing.


Refractory Pancreatic Carcinoma

Pancreatic carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Lymphoma stage IV

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Clinical Stage IIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Brain Ependymoma

An ependymoma that arises from the brain.


T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia, Cerebriform Cell Variant

A T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of neoplastic prolymphocytes with irregular or cerebriform nuclear outline.


Gliomatosis Cerebri Type II

A classic form of gliomatosis cerebri. It is characterized by diffuse growth of neoplastic glial tissue without any focal mass.


Adnexal Secretory Carcinoma

A rare adnexal carcinoma that is histopathologically identical to homologous lesions in the salivary gland and breast. (WHO 2018)


Decreased or absent activity of the enzyme 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase due to loss-of-function mutation(s) in the CYP17A1 gene. The clinical manifestations of the deficiency are dependent on whether one or both activities of the enzyme are affected, and may include hypertension due to reduced 17-hydroxylase activity and incomplete genital masculinization in 46,XY infants due to reduced 17,20 lyase activity.


Malignant hepatobiliary neoplasms

A malignant neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma, bile ducts, and gallbladder.  Representative examples include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma.


Stage III Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, T3b, T4a, N0, M0); (T1-T4a, N1, M0); IIIB: (T1-T4a, N2, N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue). T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue. T3a: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue, microscopically. T3b: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue, macroscopically (extravesical mass). T4a: Extravesical tumor invades directly into prostatic stroma, uterus, vagina. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node). N2: Multiple regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node metastasis). N3: Lymph node metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Proliferative retinopathy

Retinopathy characterized by the formation of new vessels in the retina. The new vessels are abnormal and fragile. If hemorrhage occurs due to the vascular fragility, there is increased risk of vision loss or blindness.


Neonatal aspiration of amniotic fluid

Inhalation of fluid from the amniotic sac into the lungs by the neonate.


Acquired postural kyphosis

Postural kyphosis, the cause of which is not present at birth.


squamous cell papilloma of anal canal

A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the anal canal.  It is characterized by a papillary growth pattern and a proliferation of neoplastic squamous cells without morphologic evidence of malignancy.


Recurrent Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

The reemergence of an epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor after a period of remission.


Stage II Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage II includes: (T2, M0, Risk factors: unknown); IIA (T2, M0, Risk factors: low risk); IIB (T2, M0, Risk factors: high risk).  T2: Tumor extends to other genital structures (ovary, tube, vagina, broad ligaments) by metastasis or direct extension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Increased Pigmentation

Increase in the amount of pigment.


Anemia (mild)

Anemia not associated with symptoms of fatigue, headaches, palpitations, or shortness of breath. In asymptomatic anemia the hematocrit levels usually range from 32 to 35%.


Stage I Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I) or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site (IE). (from PDQ)


Intraocular Schwannoma

A benign schwannoma occurring in the eye.


Low LDH Level

A lower than average level of lactate dehydrogenase in a sample.


Recurrent Childhood Lymphoma

The reemergence of a childhood Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


A pilomyxoid astrocytoma occurring in the hypothalamic-chiasmatic region.


Relapsing classical Hodgkin lymphoma

The reemergence of classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Borderline Fallopian Tube Serous Tumor

A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by an atypical proliferation of serous-type epithelial cells without evidence of stromal invasion.


Refractory Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Neoplasm

Mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Rhesus hemolytic disease of newborn

A disorder caused when there is a Rh-factor blood-type incompatibility between the mother and fetus, and the mother's immune system forms antibodies that attack the red blood cells of her unborn child. This disorder can only occur if the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive.


Old myocardial infarction

Documented history of previous myocardial infarction (MI), typically with objective evidence via positive biomarkers of myocardial necrosis.


Infective cervicitis

An infectious process affecting the uterine cervix. Causative agents include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus. Physical examination reveals an erythematous, raised lesion in the cervix and mucopurulent discharge.


Crypt abscess (morphologic abnormality)

Accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the mucosal crypts of the colon. It occurs in ulcerative colitis.


Intraductal Hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the intraductal cells.


Infiltrating Urothelial Carcinoma, Sarcomatoid Variant

An invasive urothelial carcinoma that exhibits spindle cell sarcomatoid features.


Hypersexualism

Excessive sexual behavior.


Refractory Acute Leukemia

Acute leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder

A cognitive and neurological disorder due to fetal intrauterine exposure to maternal alcohol consumption. Typically, this presents without facies or other growth abnormalities.


An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Genital leukoplakia

A clinical term used to describe hyperkeratotic epithelial white patches of the genital mucous membranes.--2004


Liver Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF.


Diffuse malignant lymphoma - large cleaved cell

Antiquated term describing non-Hodgkin lymphomas that are usually diffuse and are composed of large cells with irregular nuclei, invisible nucleoli and a small amount of cytoplasm.  This morphologic category includes both mature B- and mature T-cell lymphomas.


Stage I Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pseudomonas-Related Vasculitis

A necrotizing vasculitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Vaginal adenocarcinoma metastatic

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the vagina and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Stage III Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage III includes: III (T3, N0, M0); IIIA (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB (T1, N1, M0), (T2, N1, M0), (T3a, N1, M0), (T3b, Any N, M0). T3: Tumor extends to pelvic wall and/or involves lower third of vagina, and/or causes hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney. T3a: Tumor involves lower third of vagina, no extension to pelvic wall.  T3b: Tumor extends to pelvic wall and/or causes hydronephrosis or non functioning kidney.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia, Not Otherwise Specified, Rare Subtypes

A very rare group of mixed phenotype acute leukemias, not otherwise specified in which the blasts show clear-cut evidence of both B-cell and T-cell lineage or evidence of trilineage (B-cell, T-cell, and myeloid lineage) assignment. (WHO 2017)


A lymphoproliferative disorder caused by the human herpesvirus HHV8. This category includes HHV8-positive multicentric Castleman disease, HHV8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, and germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorders.


Unresectable Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

Ureter urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Abnormal Vital Capacity

A pulmonary function test result indicating an abnormal vital capacity as compared to the predicted value.


Fredrickson Type III lipidaemia

A laboratory test result indicating an inheritable form of dysbetalipoproteinemia, in which there are excess intermediate-density lipoproteins in the blood.


Myelodysplastic syndrome unclassifiable

A subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome which initially lacks findings appropriate for classification into any other myelodysplastic category.  There are no specific morphologic findings.  The diagnosis can be made in the following instances: 1. in cases of refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia or refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia but with 1% blasts in the peripheral blood; 2: in cases of myelodysplastic syndrome with unilineage dysplasia which are associated with pancytopenia; 3: in cases with persistent cytopenia (s) with 1% or fewer blasts in the blood and fewer than 5% in the bone marrow, unequivocal dysplasia in less than 10% of the cells in one or more myeloid lineages, and cytogenetic abnormalities considered as presumptive evidence of myelodysplastic syndrome. (WHO, 2008)


Stage IVA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N1, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group: Any. N1: Prostate cancer with metastases in regional node(s). M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage 0 Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis (applies only to stomach): Carcinoma in situ/dysplasia (tumor size less than 0.5 mm), confined to mucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Juvenile Dermatomyositis Sine Myositis

A rare form of juvenile dermatomyositis that manifests with characteristic cutaneous findings for at least six months in the absence of any detectable muscle involvement.


Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma

Cutaneous melanoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Non-Metastatic Mass

A benign or malignant solid pathologic process that has not spread from its site of origin to another anatomic site.


Hallucinogen dependence, episodic

Physical and psychological dependence on hallucinogenics, which is associated with a pattern of episodic use.


Stage IIA Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Tumor invades the pancreas.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Metastatic Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance

A condition caused by a B-cell or plasma cell clone resulting in the deposition of the secreted monoclonal immunoglobulin, without evidence for overt lymphoma or myeloma. This category includes a wide spectrum of renal pathology and include such lesions as immunoglobulin-associated amyloidosis, the monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases (MIDDs; light chain deposition disease, heavy chain deposition disease, and light and heavy chain deposition disease), proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID), C3 glomerulopathy with monoclonal gammopathy, light chain proximal tubulopathy (Fanconi syndrome), and several others.


Unresectable Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm

A malignant digestive system neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


No Radiating Chest Pain

An indication that the chest pain dose not radiate.


Exaggerated placental site

A non-neoplastic trophoblastic disorder characterized by the presence of an increased number of implantation-site intermediate trophoblasts infiltrating the endometrium and myometrium extensively. It is associated with pregnancy or abortion.


Stage III Esophageal Cancer

Stage III includes: T3, N1, M0 and T4, Any N, M0) T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4: Tumor invades adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.) -2003


Stage IV Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Scrotal Cyst

A cystic lesion located in the scrotum.


International Normalized Ratio of Prothrombin Time Level Finding

A finding that indicates the international normalized ratio of prothrombin time level in a sample.


Stage I Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Stomach: tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa and is 1 cm or less in size; duodenum /jejunum/ileum: tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa and is 1 cm or less in size; ampulla: tumor 1 cm or less; colon or rectum: tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa and is 2 cm or less.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Neonatal encephalopathy

Abnormal functioning of the central nervous system in the newborn period that may be due to a variety of etiologies including hypoxia/ischemia, metabolic disturbance, or infection.


Pre-Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of early B-lineage.


Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Neuromuscular hamartoma

A very rare intraneural mass in a large nerve characterized by the interposition of mature skeletal muscle fibers and nerve fibers.


Metastatic Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Metastatic Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

The presence of malignant Schwann cell growth (benign variant is known as neurofibroma) at a site removed from the primary site of tumor growth.


undifferentiated carcinoma of cervix

A rare carcinoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the lack of specific cellular differentiation.


Simple dislocation, multiple and ill-defined sites

Multiple bone displacements without clear distinction that are not associated with an external wound.


Refractory Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Non-muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Adult Mixed Cellularity Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Mixed cellularity classic Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in adults.


Prostate Neuroendocrine Tumor

An extremely rare slow-growing neuroendocrine tumor affecting the prostate gland.


Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia without Abnormal Eosinophils

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia without an abnormal eosinophilic component in the bone marrow.


Acquired Factor XII Deficiency

An acquired coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of factor XII activity in the blood.


Diffuse Laminar Endocervical Hyperplasia

A benign band-like proliferation of tightly-packed, small to medium sized endocervical glands below the surface of the endocervical canal.


Mesenteric abscess

An abscess that is located in any part of the tissue composing the mesentery, and that generally arises from an infection in an adjacent area of the intestine.


Accident involving aircraft, NOS

An accident taking place aboard, or involving, any type of aircraft.


Refractory Erdheim-Chester Disease

Erdheim-Chester disease that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IV Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Tumor invading the mucosa of the bladder or rectum, and/or extending beyond the true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (including peritoneal spread or involvement of the supraclavicular, mediastinal, or distant lymph nodes; lung; liver; or bone). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIIB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T1-T2, N2a, N2b, M0. T1: Tumor confined to the vulva and/or perineum. Multifocal lesions should be designated as such. The largest lesion or the lesion with the greatest depth of invasion will be the target lesion identified to address the highest pT stage. Depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelial-stromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion. T2: Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal third of the urethra, lower/distal third of the vagina, anal involvement). N2a: Three or more lymph node metastases each less than 5 mm. It includes micrometastasis, N2mi. N2b: Two or more lymph node metastases equal to 5 mm. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Benzene-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia caused by benzene.


Decreased CYBA Expression

An indication that the expression of CYBA is lower than the normal range of values.


Stage IV Gastric Cancer with Metastasis

T4,N2,MO (from PDQ)


Oral Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia

Benign multifocal squamous epithelial proliferation affecting the oral mucosa. It is associated with human papilloma virus infection.


Syringomyelia and Hydromyelia

Syringomyelia associated with accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal cord.


Palsy of vagus nerve

Partial or complete paralysis of the vagus nerve.


Facial Nerve Palsy Related to Birth

A condition characterized by reduced or absent movement of the ipsilateral face as a consequence of an injury to the seventh cranial nerve sustained during the birthing process.


FIGO Stage IIIC Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Squamous cell carcinoma, clear cell type

A squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with clear cytoplasm.


Transitional cell cancer of renal pelvis and ureter metastatic

A transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Broad Ligament Ependymoma

A rare neoplasm that arises from the broad ligament and shows ependymal differentiation.


Appendix Serrated Lesions and Polyps

Polyps that arises from the appendix. They are characterized by the presence of serrated glands and the absence of generalized dysplasia.


Recurrent Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

The reemergence of neuroendocrine carcinoma after a period of remission.


COVID-19-Associated Ataxia

Ataxia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Positive EBV Test

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus in a biological sample.


Atypical meningioma

A WHO grade II meningioma characterized by the presence of brain invasion and an increased mitotic activity, or at least three of the following morphologic features: small cells, high cellularity, prominent nucleoli, lack of architectural pattern, and necrosis.


Stage IVA Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, Any G.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Bone island

An osteoma that develops in the medullary cavity of the bone.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising from Previous Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

An acute myeloid leukemia developing in patients with a prior history of myeloproliferative neoplasm.


Sinus perforation

A rupture in the sinus tissue due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


Post-Mastectomy Pain Syndrome

Chronic pain following mastectomy or lumpectomy that usually affects the anterior thorax, axilla, and/or medial upper arm.


Radiation Damage

Injury resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation.


Myxoid Glioneuronal Tumor of the Septum Pellucidum

A myxoid glioneuronal tumor that arises from the septum pellucidum.


Refractory Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma that is resistant to treatment.


Idiopathic Cytopenias of Undetermined Significance

Cytopenia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages that remains unexplained following thorough evaluation. The hematopoietic cell dysplasia is mild and does not fulfill the criteria for myelodysplastic syndrome, but the cytopenia may be severe. There is no evidence of clonal hematopoiesis or the variant allele frequency (VAF) is less that 2 percent. There is no other evidence of hematologic malignancy. It may progress to an overt myelodysplastic syndrome or other myeloid neoplasms such as acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasm, or mast cell disorder.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage III

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Recurrent Appendix Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of appendix mucinous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Benign squamous cell tumor

A non-metastasizing neoplasm composed of squamous cells. The neoplastic cells do not display malignant features.


Endometriosis of thorax

A condition characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue in the lung, pleura, chest wall, and/or diaphragm.


Micronodular adrenal hyperplasia

Adrenal hyperfunction associated with multiple bilateral adrenal nodules, usually less than one centimeter in diameter.


Stage I Acral Lentiginous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, without ulceration and mitosis less than 1/mm2.  T1b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, with ulceration or mitoses equal to or more than 1/mm2. T2a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


JC virus infection

An infection that is caused by JC virus.


Intestinal Metaplasia of Bladder Urothelium


Resectable Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Fistula of intestine, excluding rectum and anus

An abnormal connection between the intestine and another epithelial-lined structure, but that does not include the rectum or anus.


Pancreatic Undifferentiated Carcinoma with Rhabdoid Cells

An undifferentiated carcinoma that arises from the pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of rhabdoid cells.


Stage III Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but less than or equal to 4 cm. T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm or with subserosal invasion or involvement of the mesoappendix. T4: Tumor perforating the peritoneum or directly invading other adjacent organs or structures (excluding direct mural extension to adjacent subserosa of adjacent bowel), e.g., abdominal wall and skeletal muscle. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Abnormalities of Chromosome 5q

A rare acute myeloid leukemia that occurs in childhood and is characterized primarily by deletions of 5q.


Locally Advanced Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


endometritis following abortion

Endometritis that develops following an abortion.


Conjunctival Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia

A polyclonal proliferation of lymphoid tissue in the conjunctiva that typically occurs in young adults. It usually presents as a unilateral, red or orange, painless swelling and is probably caused by chronic antigen stimulation. (WHO 2018)


Supratentorial Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that occurs in the supratentorial region.


Ostomy Site Pain

Pain at the site of an ostomy.


Metastatic Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A malignant germ cell tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Benign vascular neoplasm

A benign neoplasm arising from vascular tissue usually of the skin.  It is characterized by the presence of vascular channel formation and endothelial cells.


Refractory Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Anaemias due to disorders of glutathione metabolism

Anemia resulting from an abnormality of glutathione deficiency.


Stage IIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T2/T3, cN0, M0.  T2: Primary tumor greater than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in maximum dimension.  T3: Primary tumor over 5 cm in maximum dimension.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis by clinical examination.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Sexual dysfunction due to substance

A disorder characterized by clinically significant sexual dysfunction (including impaired desire, impaired arousal, impaired orgasm, or sexual pain) that is fully explained by substance use.


Pelvic Cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the organs and structures of the pelvis.


Synchronous Nodules with Dominant Lesion(s)

A finding of multiple pulmonary nodules in which radiologic imaging demonstrates the presence of a dominant lesion.


Adult TdT Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

TdT positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during adulthood.


KATP-Associated Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism caused by non-functional beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channels due to inactivating mutation(s) in either the ABCC8 or KCNJ11 gene.


Third Ventricle Germinoma

A germinoma that arises from the third ventricle.


Stage IIA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIA includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Extension and/or metastasis to the uterus and/or ovaries.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Radiating Chest Pain Along Anterior Axillary Line

The location of the radiating chest pain is along an imaginary vertical line that descends along the lateral aspect of the chest wall originating from the armpit.


Liposarcoma recurrent

The reemergence of liposarcoma after a period of remission.


Neoplasm of Uncertain Histogenesis

A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm with uncertain histogenesis.


Metaplastic Synovial Cyst

A cyst lined by tissue that resembles synovial villi.


Refractory Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube high-grade serous adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Paratesticular Squamous Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the paratesticular structures.


Diffuse Glioneuronal Tumor with Oligodendroglioma-Like Features and Nuclear Clusters

A provisional tumor entity described in the supratentorial brain and characterized by a distinct DNA methylation profile and monosomy of chromosome 14. It is composed of small to medium-sized cells showing perinuclear oligodendroglioma-like haloes, scattered multinucleated cells, and nuclear clusters composed of large pleomorphic nuclei. Most cases have been reported in pediatric patients.


Treatment related acute myeloid leukaemia

An acute myeloid leukemia arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents and/or ionizing radiation.  (WHO, 2001)


Transitional cell carcinoma in situ

A lesion in which the surface epithelium of the bladder or the renal pelvis and ureter contains transitional cells which display malignant cytologic characteristics.  There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


Ann Arbor Stage IV AIDS-Related Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Stage III Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis Associated with Germ Cell Tumor

Aggressive systemic mastocytosis associated with a germ cell tumor.


Stage IIIC Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: Any T, N2, M0. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: (T4, Any N, M0).  T4: Tumor invades main portal vein or hepatic artery or invades multiple extrahepatic organs or structures. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T1, N1, M0, Any G); (T3, N0, M0, Any G). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Bartholin Gland Hyperplasia

Nodular/lobular proliferation of normal Bartholin gland tissue and ducts.


Bronchopleural Fistula

An abnormal communication between a bronchus and the pleural cavity.


Refractory Biliary Tract Carcinoma

Biliary tract carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Primary Raynaud Phenomenon

Raynaud phenomenon without a known underlying autoimmune disorder.


Gallbladder Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm

An epithelial, usually multiloculated neoplasm arising from the gallbladder. It occurs predominantly in females. Signs and symptoms include abdominal mass, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Morphologically, the cystic spaces are lined by columnar epithelium and contain mucinous or serous fluid.


Advanced Melanoma

Melanoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Prostate Adenocarcinoma without Neuroendocrine Differentiation

A prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the absence of focal or diffuse neuroendocrine differentiation.


Metastatic Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that has spread to other anatomic sites.


Adenocarcinoma, Oxyphilic

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of large malignant epithelial cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm (oncocytes). Representative examples include thyroid gland oncocytic follicular carcinoma, oncocytic breast carcinoma, and salivary gland oncocytic carcinoma.


Non-Neoplastic Uveal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the uvea.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity recurrent

The reemergence of mixed cellularity classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Pancreatic Acinar Cell Neoplasm

An epithelial neoplasm that arises from the exocrine pancreas.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells that resemble acinar cells and produce pancreatic exocrine enzymes.  The vast majority are carcinomas.


Lymphangiomatosis

A lymphangioma affecting several anatomic sites.


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Giant Cells

Bladder giant cell variant urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Uveal prolapse

The protrusion of uveal tissue through an opening in the sclera.


Unresectable Melanoma

Melanoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Alcohol-Related Carcinoma

A carcinoma that is caused by alcohol abuse.


Retinoblastoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of retinoblastoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Visceral edema

Accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in the visceral tissues. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.


Intermediate Grade B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Non-Epithelial Neoplasm

A benign or malignant non-epithelial neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic bile ducts.  Representative examples of benign non-epithelial neoplasms include hemangioma, angiomyolipoma, and solitary fibrous tumor.  Representative examples of malignant non-epithelial neoplasms include lymphoma, angiosarcoma, and undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma.


undifferentiated carcinoma of anal canal

A usually aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the anal canal.  It is composed of malignant cells which do not display evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Female Reproductive System Carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of any part of the female reproductive system. Representative examples include ovarian carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma.


Bile Duct Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm with Intermediate Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A non-invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts.  It is characterized by the presence of moderate atypia.


Stage IIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T2/T3, pN0, M0.  T2: Primary tumor greater than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in maximum dimension.  T3: Primary tumor over 5 cm in maximum dimension.  pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis by pathologic examination.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Pathologic Stage IA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T2b, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hereditary factor VII deficiency disease

A rare autosomal recessive inherited blood coagulation disorder characterized by deficiency of factor VII, resulting in bleeding.


Neonatal infectious disorder

An infectious disorder that occurs during the neonatal period. Representative examples include streptococcal infection, E.coli infection, and bacterial meningitis.


Resectable Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Locally Advanced Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

Non-cutaneous melanoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Intestinal-Type

A rare mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from intestinal metaplasia of the endometrium.


Blood Cardiac Troponin T Increased

A laboratory test result which indicates increased levels of cardiac troponin T in a biological specimen.


Dog Bite

A wound received from the teeth of a dog.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of skin

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the skin.  This may be from a primary skin malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Stage I Centroblastic Follicular Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE).


Female Reproductive System Precancerous Condition

A precancerous lesion that arises from the female reproductive system. Representative examples include atypical endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.


Primary Bone Hodgkin Lymphoma

An exceedingly rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the bone, without lymph node or other extranodal involvement.


Adult Anaplastic Astrocytoma

An astrocytoma occurring in adults that is characterized by the presence of high mitotic activity, cytologic atypia, and architectural distortion.


Locally Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Factor XI Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor XI in the blood.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoid Tumor

A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


Vaginal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of vaginal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Pure Erythroid Leukemia

Acute erythroid leukemia characterized by the presence of immature erythroid cells in the bone marrow (at least 80% of the cellular component), without evidence of a significant myeloblastic cell population present.


H influenze type B Meningitis

Meningitis that is attributed to the bacteria H influenze type B.


Urothelial carcinoma ureter recurrent

Reemergence of ureter urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IA Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: pT1, N0, M0, S0. pT1: Testicular cancer which is limited to testis (including rete testis invasion) without lymphovascular invasion. N0: Testicular cancer with no regional lymph node metastasis. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, Any N, M0. T2: Cervical carcinoma invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Rhinocephaly

A congenital anatomic defect characterised by the presence of a proboscis-like nose located above the eyes, which are partially or completely fused.


Psychosis, Brief Reactive

A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or grossly disorganized behavior that resolve within a month.


Stage IV Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma and Sympathetic Paraganglioma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Condyloma acuminata of vulva

A benign human papillomavirus-related neoplasm that arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of papillary structures with fibrovascular cores covered by stratified squamous epithelium showing koilocytotic changes.


Upper Aerodigestive Invasive Malignancy

A finding indicating the presence of an invasive upper aerodigestive tract malignancy.


Lugano Classification Stage IIE Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IIE: Contiguous extralymphatic extension from a nodal site with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


High Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Anal canal or perianal skin intraepithelial neoplasia with moderate or severe dysplasia.


Stage 0 Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: In situ primary tumor.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in childhood.


Mandibular Buccal Bifurcation Cyst

An inflammatory collateral cyst that arises on the lower first or second molars. (WHO 2017)


Recurrent Biliary Tract Carcinoma

The reemergence of a carcinoma arising from any part of the biliary tract after a period of remission.


Gallbladder Flat Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia that affects the gallbladder epithelium.  It is characterized by the absence of intraluminal micropapillary projections.


Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, or appendix. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood

A blistering disorder characterized by linear deposition of IgA at the dermoepidermal junction.


Vaginal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of vaginal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Therapy-Related Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia not associated with cytogenetic abnormalities and arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy and/or ionizing radiation.


Childhood Grade II Meningioma

A grade II meningioma that occurs during childhood.


Periosteal Desmoid Tumor

A reactive, benign fibrous lesion that develops in the periosteum of the femur.  It usually affects boys and there is a history of trauma.  It is characterized by the formation of dense collagen tissue and reactive bone.


Stage IIB Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (Any pT/TX, N2, M0, S0); (Any pT/TX, N2, M0, S1). TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N2: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or more than five nodes positive, none larger than 5 cm; or evidence of extranodal extension of tumor. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. S1: LDH less than 1.5 x N and hCG (mlU/mL) less than 5,000 and AFP (ng/mL) less than 1,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Bacterial Zoonoses

A bacterial infection that is transmitted from animals to people.


Mucosal Melanoma of the Genitourinary System

A malignant melanocytic neoplasm that arises from a mucosal site of the genitourinary system.


Bone Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis of the bone.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising from Previous Myelodysplastic Syndrome

An acute myeloid leukemia developing in patients with a prior history of myelodysplastic syndrome.


Refractory Malignant Mastocytosis

Malignant mastocytosis that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent Ependymoma

The reemergence of ependymoma after a period of remission.


Malposition of Ureter

Orientation of a ureter in an unusual anatomic location.


Glioblastoma with Primitive Neuronal Component

A glioblastoma characterized by the presence of well-demarcated nodules which contain primitive cells exhibiting neuronal differentiation.


Congenital Phrenic Nerve Palsy

Damage to the phrenic nerve that results in paralysis of the hemidiaphragm at birth.


Stage III Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3a-b, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason.  cT3a: Tumor with extracapsular extension (unilateral or bilateral).  pT3a: Tumor with extraprostatic extension or microscopic invasion of bladder neck.  T3b: Tumor invades seminal vesicle(s).  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Refractory Small Cell Glioblastoma

A small cell glioblastoma that is resistant to treatment.


FIGO Stage IC Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Stage IA Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, Any N, M0. T1a: Tumor diagnosed only by microscopy. Stromal invasion with a maximum depth of 5.0 mm measured from the base of the epithelium and a horizontal spread of 7.0 mm or less. Vascular space involvement, venous or lymphatic, does not affect classification. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IVB Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Non-lymph node distant metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Slipping Rib Syndrome

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain associated with one or more ribs subluxing from the joint. (ACC/AHA)


Genetic anomaly of leukocyte

An abnormality of leukocytes, the cause of which is present from birth.


Weight Gain Due to Fluid Retention

A finding of rapid weight gain due to fluid retention.


Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation

A granuloma that contains areas of necrosis.  The majority of cases are of infectious origin.


Squamous cell papilloma of eyelid

A papilloma that arises from the eyelid. It is composed of squamous cells and is characterized by the presence of an acanthotic epithelium with hyperkeratosis and papillary projections with an inner fibrovascular core. It is the most common benign epithelial tumor of eyelid. It usually affects middle-aged or older adults.


Ureter Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of ureter cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to ureter urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma, including histologic variants micropapillary and nested subtypes. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Malignant neoplasm of stomach stage III

Stage III includes: IIIA (T4a, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T2, N3, M0); IIIB (T4b, N0, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T3, N3, M0); IIIC (T4b, N2, M0); (T4b, N3, M0); (T4a, N3, M0).  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Lymphoma by Working Formulation (Antiquated)


Childhood Acute Leukemia

An acute leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Gastric Poorly Cohesive Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastric mucosa and is characterized by the presence of isolated malignant cells or malignant cells that form small aggregates.  This category includes signet ring cell adenocarcinomas, adenocarcinomas that are composed of malignant cells resembling lymphocytes and histiocytes, and adenocarcinomas that are composed of malignant cells with deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Stage IIIA Gastric Carcinoma

Stage IIIA includes: (T4a, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T2, N3, M0).  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0, G3, G4. T3: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Mitochondrial enzyme deficiency

A constellation of disorders whose common thread is the insufficient quantity of one or more mitochondrial enzymes.


Stage IIIC1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIIC1 includes: TX, T0, T1-3, N1, M0. TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor strictly confined to the cervix (extension to corpus should be disregarded). T2: Tumor invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T3: Tumor extending to pelvic sidewall and/or involving the lower third of vagina, and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. The pelvic sidewall is defined as the muscle, fascia, neurovascular structures, and skeletal portions of the bony pelvis. Cases with no cancer-free space between the tumor and pelvic wall by rectal examination are FIGO III. N1: Tumor with regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes only. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Low Grade Lymphoma (neoplasm)

An antiquated term that refers to a non-Hodgkin lymphoma with low grade histologic features.


Radiation-Induced Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that is the result of exposure to ionizing radiation.


Angiosarcoma NCI Grade 2

An angiosarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


Stage IIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: IIA (T2a, N0, M0); IIA1 (T2a1, N0, M0); IIA2 (T2a2, N0, M0).  T2a: Tumor without parametrial invasion.  T2a1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2a2: Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage I Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0); IB: (T2a, N0, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Acute rheumatic pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium in acute rheumatic heart disease.


Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

A squamous cell carcinoma which has metastasized to another anatomic site and the original site of growth has not been identified.


Malignant Abdominal Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the organs and structures of the abdomen.


Localized Gallbladder Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the gallbladder and it has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Psychomotor Agitation

Physical restlessness, often associated with increased motor activity.


Stage I Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: IA (T1, N0, M0); IB (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor limited to the pancreas 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor limited to the pancreas, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter localized

A transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis or ureter confined to the site in which it initially manifested without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Undifferentiated Carcinoma with Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells

A usually aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of atypical cells which do not display evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation and giant cells resembling osteoclasts.


Non-Neoplastic Ureter Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder affecting the ureter.


Tumor contained within organ capsule

A neoplasm surrounded by a fibrous capsule.


Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for childhood Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Poisoning by barbiturate

Disturbances in psychophysiological functions and responses as a result of  administration or ingestion of a member of the barbiturate class of central nervous system depressants.


histiocytic sarcoma of central nervous system

Rare involvement of the central nervous system by histiocytic sarcoma.


Pancreatic carcinoma non-resectable

Carcinoma of the pancreas that is not amenable to surgical removal.


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Lacrimal Drainage System

A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to the lacrimal drainage system.