papillary muscle of left ventricle

A papillary muscle that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of phalanx of pes

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


right adrenal gland cortex

The thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that is in the right side of the abdomen.


epiphysis of third metacarpal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition].


zone of long bone

An organ part that is part of a long bone [Automatically generated definition].


pronephric nephron

A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros[GO].


epiphysis of first metacarpal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition].


metanephros cortex

The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros[GO].


integumentary adnexa

Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers.


right ventricle myocardium

A myocardium that is part of a right ventricle of a heart.


epiphysis of proximal phalanx of pes

An epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of pes.


proximal epiphysis

An epiphysis that is on the proximal side of the bone.


tunica media of pulmonary trunk

Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA].


organ component layer

A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer.


papillary muscle of right ventricle

A papillary muscle that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


bulbus cordis myocardium

A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition].


diaphysis of metacarpal bone

A diaphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone.


left lateral ventricle

A telencephalic ventricle that is in_the_left_side_of a telencephalon.


epiphysis of fibula

An epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of fibula

A distal epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of phalanx

An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac chamber

A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart.


left adrenal gland cortex

The thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that is in the left side of the abdomen.


subdivision of digestive tract

A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract.


myocardium of ventricle

Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer.


proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of tibia

An epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of phalanx of pes

An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a pes [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of phalanx

A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of second metatarsal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition].


myocardium of anterior wall of left ventricle


metanephric nephron

A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO].


blood vessel layer

Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia.


epiphysis of metatarsal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of metacarpal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Automatically generated definition].


diaphysis of tibia

A diaphysis that is part of a tibia.


proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract

An section of a respiratory tract.


distal epiphysis of femur

A distal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition].


myocardium of atrium

The atrial part of middle layer of the heart, comprised of involuntary muscle.


aorta tunica media

The middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers.


tunica media of vein

A tunica media that is part of a vein.


proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition].


myocardium of anterior wall of right ventricle


metanephric long nephron

Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros[GO].


proximal epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of radius

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of third metatarsal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of middle phalanx of pes

An epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of pes.


segmental subdivision of nervous system

Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres.


proximal epiphysis of second metacarpal bone

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of ulna

An epiphysis that is part of an ulna [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of first metatarsal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of digit

A distal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx.


short nephron

Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical glomeruli, and have no short ascending limb, so the limb is situated in the outer medulla.


distal epiphysis

An epiphysis that is on the distal side of the bone.


right lateral ventricle

A telencephalic ventricle that is in_the_right_side_of a telencephalon.


layer of smooth muscle tissue

Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue.


cortex

Outermost layer of an organ[WP].


ventricle of nervous system

A layer in the central nervous system that lines system of communicating cavities in the brain and spinal cord.


distal epiphysis of radius

A distal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Automatically generated definition].


organ subunit

A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity.


epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of femur

An epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of third metacarpal bone

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of femur

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition].


integumentary system layer

An organ component layer that is part of a integumental system.


left ventricle myocardium

A myocardium that is part of a left ventricle of a heart.


segmental subdivision of hindbrain

An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition].


epiphysis of second metacarpal bone

An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of metacarpal bone

A distal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone.


metanephric short nephron

Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb[GO].


mesonephric nephron

A nephron that is part of a mesonephros.


sympathetic nerve

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


symbiont-containing vacuolar membrane network

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Tubular network of extensions from the symbiont-containing vacuole membrane that protrude into the host cytoplasm.


host cell plasma membrane

The plasma membrane surrounding a host cell.


pelvic spur

Pelvic spurs are the externally visible portion of the vestigial remnants of legs found on each side of the vent in primitive snakes, such as boas and pythons. The remnants of a pelvis and femur, which have no connection with the spine, simply 'float' in the muscle mass. The femur protrudes from the snake's body and is covered by a corneal spur, which resembles a claw. Males' spurs are generally longer and more pointed than females', and are used for clasping and tickling during courtship and mating, as well as combat with other males in some species.


elemental molecular entity

A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.


monoatomic entity

A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.


ocular refractive media

Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light.


fasciculus of brain

A fascicle that is part of a brain.


dendritic tuft

The terminal specialization found in some types of dendrites which consists of numerous small terminal branches, giving the dendrite a tufted appearance.


diphycercal tail

An internally and externally symmetrical tail (caudal) fin.


climbing fiber

The axon of inferior olive neuron that projects to the cerebellar cortex, largely via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They range in diameter from 1-3 um and are myelinated until they enter the granule cell layer. They give off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei. They synapse extensively with the dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer, where each fiber branches repeatedly to climb along the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Each Purkinje cell is innervated by only a single climbing fiber.


spine synapse

A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine.


cholinergic enteric nerve

Nerve fibers that utilize acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter to the intestinal system.


eyelid nerve

A nerve that innervates an eyelid.


upper arm nerve

A nerve that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].


communicating branch of spinal nerve

Rami communicans (plural rami communicantes) is the term used for a nerve which connects two other nerves. When used without further definition, it almost always refers to a communicating branch between a spinal nerve and the sympathetic trunk. More specifically, it usually refers to one of the following: Gray ramus communicans White ramus communicans.


lower eyelid nerve

A nerve that innervates a lower eyelid.


brainstem nucleus

A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem.


nerve to quadratus femoris

The nerve to quadratus femoris is a nerve that provides innervation to the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior muscles.


ventral ramus of spinal nerve

Branch of spinal nerve that innervates the hypaxial muscles.


nuclear complex of neuraxis

Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei.


palmar branch of median nerve

The palmar branch of the median nerve is a branch of the median nerve which arises at the lower part of the forearm and innervates skin of proximal central palm and thenar eminence.


efferent nerve

A nerve that transmits nerve impulses from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles or glands.


abdomen nerve

A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition].


accessory XI nerve spinal component

The spinal root of accessory nerve (or part) is firm in texture, and its fibers arise from the motor cells in the lateral part of the anterior column of the gray substance of the medulla spinalis as low as the fifth cervical nerve. Passing through the lateral funiculus of the medulla spinalis, they emerge on its surface and unite to form a single trunk, which ascends between the ligamentum denticulatum and the posterior roots of the spinal nerves; enters the skull through the foramen magnum, and is then directed to the jugular foramen, through which it passes, lying in the same sheath of dura mater as the vagus, but separated from it by a fold of the arachnoid. In the jugular foramen, it receives one or two filaments from the cranial part of the nerve, or else joins it for a short distance and then separates from it again. As its exit from the jugular foramen, it runs backward in front of the internal jugular vein in 66.6 per cent. of cases, and behind in it 33.3 per cent. The nerve then descends obliquely behind the Digastricus and Stylohyoideus to the upper part of the Sternocleidomastoideus; it pierces this muscle, and courses obliquely across the posterior triangle of the neck, to end in the deep surface of the Trapezius. As it traverses the Sternocleidomastoideus it gives several filaments to the muscle, and joins with branches from the second cervical nerve. In the posterior triangle it unites with the second and third cervical nerves, while beneath the Trapezius it forms a plexus with the third and fourth cervical nerves, and from this plexus fibers are distributed to the muscle.


digit nerve of manus

A nerve that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition].


thoracic nerve

The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls.


mylohyoid nerve

A nerve that innervates the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.


limb nerve

A nerve that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition].


perineal nerve

A nerve arising from the pudendal nerve that supplies the perineum.


neck nerve

A nerve that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition].


musculocutaneous nerve

A large branch of the brachial plexus supplying various parts of the upper arm (as flexor muscles) and forearm (as the skin).


pudendal nerve

The pudendal nerve is a somatic nerve in the pelvic region that innervates the external genitalia of both sexes, as well as sphincters for the bladder and the rectum. It originates in Onuf's nucleus in the sacral region of the spinal cord.


arm nerve

A nerve that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition].


short microvillus layer

A layer of microvilli covering lymphocytes.


manus nerve

A nerve that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition].


laryngeal nerve

Any nerve that innervates the larynx.


forelimb nerve

A nerve that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition].


white matter of forebrain

A white matter that is part of the forebrain.


white matter of telencephalon

A partion of white matter that is part of a telencephalon. This can be further subdivided in some species, for example, into hemisphere white matter and the corpus callosum.


central nervous system cell part cluster

A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system.


proximal convoluted tubule brush border

A brush border layer that is part of a proximal tubule in the kidney.


cranial neuron projection bundle

Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain.


lower arm nerve

A nerve that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition].


nerve of penis

Any nerve that innervates the penis.


dorsal nerve of penis

The deep terminal division of the pudendal nerve that runs along the dorsum of the penis and innervates the the corpus cavernosum penis, the prepuce and the glans penis.


enteric nerve

The neurons that innervate the esophagus, stomach, small and large bowel.


upper eyelid nerve

A nerve that innervates an upper eyelid.


host cell mitochondrial membrane

Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host cell mitochondrion and form the host cell mitochondrial envelope.


host cell mitochondrial inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.


median fin

Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.


tunicate siphon

Tubular appendage for drawing or ejecting fluids.


vessel

A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph.


subdivision of organism along appendicular axis

A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg.


insect leg

The walking appendages of each segment of the ventral adult external thorax[FBbt]. A leg derived from an imaginal disc[GO].


embryonic head

A head that is part of a embryo.


foramen of skull

Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull.


sucking disc

Distinctive first dorsal fin taking the form of a modified oval sucker-like organ with slat-like structures that open and close to create suction and take a firm hold against the skin of larger marine animals.


red bone marrow of sternum

Red bone marrow located in the sternum.


haltere

The capitate stalk on both sides of the thorax having developed from the dorsal metathoracic wing-buds, it is freely movable and capable of vibration, representing the hind wing of Diptera; used for flight balance.


posterior dorsal fin

Dorsal fin located posterior to the anterior dorsal fin.


alular digit

A manual digit found in Aves that is the most preaxial position and is morphologically similar to digit 1 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 2, with contributions from embryonic digit 1.


epicercal tail

Tail fin in which the the caudal part of the notochord tapers posterodorsally. Based on Pradel et al. 2007.


ceratoglossus

Main, posterior part of hyoglossus muscle (vs. chondroglossus) arising from the greater horn of the hyoid bone.


multicellular anatomical structure

An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.


imaginal disc-derived wing

A flight organ of the adult external thorax that is derived from a dorsal mesothoracic disc.


left external ear

An external ear that is in the left side of a multicellular organism.


manual major digit (Aves)

A manual digit found in Aves that is morphologically similar to digit 2 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 3.


triphycercal tail

A caudal fin with three lobes.


cephalic spine

One of the spines, probably denticle derivatives, occurring singly or in pairs just behind the orbit on the cheek area in some fossil sharks. May have occurred only in males and may have served to hold the female during copulation, e.g. in the Jurassic genera Hybodus, Asteracanthus and Acrodus.


right nipple

A nipple that is in_the_right_side_of a body proper.


interventricular septum muscular part

The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart.


paired limb/fin segment

An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin.


brain ventricle/choroid plexus

The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses.


orifice

Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified].


visceral muscle tissue

A muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera).


caudal fin

The caudal fin is the most posterior median fin. It is composed of a complex of modified centra and modified neural and hemal arches and spines.


dorsal fin

Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism.


yellow bone marrow

Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network.


pedicellaria

A small wrench or claw-shaped structure commonly found on Echinoderms, particularly in sea stars (class Asteroidea) and sea urchins (class Echinoidea). Pedicellariae are poorly understood but in some taxa, they are thought to keep the body surface clear of algae, encrusting organisms, and other debris in conjunction with the ciliated epidermis present in all echinoderms. Pedicellariae in some taxa, such as the deep-sea Brisingida, and the Antarctic Labidiaster are known to function in food capture. In forcipulate sea stars, each pedicellaria is typically composed three forceps-like valves. Other asteroids can have pedicellariae composed of only two components. In some asteroid sea stars pedicellariae are present around the base of a spine or on the surface of the animal's body. In other sea stars, they are present in pits on the abactinal, marginal, or actinal surface; oftentimes on the adambulacral plate adjacent to the tube foot furrow.


spine appendage

A hard, thorny or needle-like structure which occurs on various animals. Animals such as porcupines and sea urchins grow spines as a self-defense mechanism. Spines are often formed of keratin. Other animals with spines are hedgehogs, spiny mice and at least two ornithischian dinosaurs.


homocercal tail

Type of tail fin in which the vertebrae generally turn upward at the hind end of the column, but which is externally symmetrical. The fin rays of the caudal are supported by hypaxial elements.


red bone marrow

The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream.


lamina

Any thin layer or plate.


upper limb segment

A limb segment that is part of a forelimb.


subdivision of organism along main body axis

A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column.


anterior dorsal fin

A dorsal fin located anterior to posterior dorsal fin.


red bone marrow of iliac crest

Red bone marrow located in an iliac crest.


multi-tissue structure

Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.


antenna

The paired, usually multiple jointed, sensory organs articulating on the procephalic region of the head capsule; its highly versatile sensory structures are capable to detect the various environmental stimuli. In the context of Drosophila refers to they are the most anterior segmented sensory appendage of the head.


fin

An external projection of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body[BTO].


tube foot

One of the numerous external, fluid-filled muscular tubes of echinoderms, such as the starfish or sea urchin, serving as organs of locomotion, food handling, and respiration[BTO]. Tube feet consist of two parts: ampulla and podia. Ampulla contain both circular muscles and longitudinal muscle, whereas the podia contain the latter only. Thus the podia use suction to attach to the substratum[WP].


anatomical conduit

Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces.


autopodial extension

A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis.


elephant trunk

An appendage formed by the fusion of the nose and upper lip.


heterocercal tail

Type of tail (caudal) fin in which the vertebral column turns upwards into the upper lobe which is longer than the lower. Asymmetrical externally as well as internally.


lower limb segment

A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb.


adipose fin

A fin that is fleshy, lacks supporting rays, and is located posterior to the dorsal fin.


manual minor digit (Aves)

A manual digit found in Aves that is morphologically similar to digit 3 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 4.


wing

Appendage that is shaped in order to produce lift for flight through the air.


bone foramen

Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves.


noradrenergic cell groups

Collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin).


insect larval head

Any head that is part of some larva.


spine appendage of head

A spine appendage that is part of a head.


digit 1 or 5

Either of the outermost digits in a five-digit autopod, or their phylogenetic equivalent.


anal fin

Median fin that is located posterior to the anus.


digit 1

A digit that is part of a digit 1 plus metapodial segment.


cell cluster

A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary.


microcirculatory vessel

A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses.


zeugopod

The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus).


chondroglossus muscle

The Chondroglossus is sometimes described as a part of the Hyoglossus, but is separated from it by fibers of the Genioglossus, which pass to the side of the pharynx. It is about 2 cm. long, and arises from the medial side and base of the lesser cornu and contiguous portion of the body of the hyoid bone, and passes directly upward to blend with the intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue, between the Hyoglossus and Genioglossus.


parapodium

Either of a pair of fleshy lateral processes borne by most segments of a polychaete worm.


roof of mouth

A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity. In mammals this is the combination of the primary palate (premaxilla) and the secondary palate. In early tetrapods it consists of the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones.


circumventricular organ

Any of any of the secretory or sensory organs located in the brain region around or in relation to the ventricular system that are characterized by extensive vasculature and a lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB) and allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow.


right external ear

An external ear that is in the right side of a multicellular organism.


free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane

The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium pumps and is devoted to calcium uptake. The free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and the non-junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.


radical

A molecular entity possessing an unpaired electron.


cation

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.


monovalent inorganic cation

An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.


p-block molecular entity

A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.


chalcogen molecular entity

Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.


LYSP100-associated nuclear domain

A nuclear body that is enriched in the lymphoid cell-specific protein LYSp100B; LANDs are globular, electron-dense structures and are morphologically distinct from the annular structures characteristic of PML bodies.


omega speckle

A nucleoplasmic speckle distributed in the interchromatin space of cells in close proximity to chromatin. Omega speckles are distinct from interchromatin granules and contain heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).


nuclear dicing body

A small round nuclear body, measuring 0.2-0.8 microns in diameter that is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Several proteins known to be involved in miRNA processing have been localized to these structures. D-bodies are thought to be involved in primary-miRNA processing and/or storage/assembly of miRNA processing complexes.


sphere organelle

A nuclear body that is found in the germinal vesicles of amphibian oocytes, and consist of three major parts: a remarkably spherical body about 5-10 pm in diameter, smaller spherical or nearly spherical granules on the surface, and inclusions of various sizes that strongly resemble the surface granules. The parts of the sphere organelle have distinct compositions, including splicing snRNAs and proteins.


apical proximal dendrite

The dendrite of the dendritic tree, which emerges near the apical pole of a neuron, and which is the closest to the cell body of the neuron (the soma).


germline ring canal

Germline specific intercellular bridge. During cyst formation in insects, ring canals interconnect the cells of the cyst, facilitating the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells.


female germline ring canal

An intercellular bridge that connects the germline cells of a female cyst.


male germline ring canal

An intercellular bridge that connects the germline cells of a male cyst.


vestibular calyx terminal

The giant, cup-shaped axon terminal of a vestibular afferent neuron, serving as a post-synaptic contact to a type I hair cell.


calyx of Held

The terminal specialization of a calyciferous axon which forms large synapses in the mammalian auditory central nervous system.


Herring body

The dilated terminal portions of neurosecretory axons constituting the hypothalamohypophyseal tract, found in close proximity to sinusoidal capillaries in the posterior pituitary. Herring bodies consist of aggregates of membrane-bound neurosecretory vesicles where oxytocin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are stored prior to release. Each Herring body also contains ATP and either neurophysin I or neurophysin II which bind to oxytocin and ADH, respectively.


P2 peroxisome

A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P2 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they are the least dense of the subforms observed.


uropod membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a uropod.


fungal-type vacuole

A vacuole that has both lytic and storage functions. The fungal vacuole is a large, membrane-bounded organelle that functions as a reservoir for the storage of small molecules (including polyphosphate, amino acids, several divalent cations (e.g. calcium), other ions, and other small molecules) as well as being the primary compartment for degradation. It is an acidic compartment, containing an ensemble of acid hydrolases. At least in S. cerevisiae, there are indications that the morphology of the vacuole is variable and correlated with the cell cycle, with logarithmically growing cells having a multilobed, reticulated vacuole, while stationary phase cells contain a single large structure.


reservosome

A large membrane-bound endocytic organelle present only in members of the Schizotrypanum subgenus of the Trypanosoma genus and is defined as the site of storage of endocytosed macromolecules and lysosomal enzymes. It is found at the posterior end of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, but absent in amastigotes and trypomastigotes.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection

A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon.


distal dendrite

The dendrite of the dendritic tree that is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).


dendritic tree

The entire complement of dendrites for a neuron, consisting of each primary dendrite and all its branches.


rod spherule

A specialized neuron projection which is the site of synaptic transmission produced by retinal rod cells. Rod spherules are small round enlargements of the axon (3-5 micrometers diameter) or even extensions of the cell body.


hippocampal mossy fiber

Axon of dentate gyrus granule cell projecting to hippocampal area CA3, characterized by expansions (mossy fiber expansions) giving the fibers a mossy appearance. These unmyelinated axons were first described by Ramon y Cajal.


giant axon

Extremely large, unmyelinated axon found in invertebrates. Has high conduction speeds and is usually involved in panic or escape responses.


rod telodendria

Rod telodendria are projections that originate from the rod pedicle and form gap junctions with other photoreceptors within the outer plexiform layer of the retina.


accessory outer segment

A cilium-like cell projection emanating from the inner segment and running alongside the outer segment of photoreceptors.


cone telodendria

Cone telodendria are projections that originate from the cone pedicle and form gap junctions with other photoreceptors within the outer plexiform layer of the retina.


primary dendrite

A dendrite emerging from the cell body (the soma) of a neuron.


parallel fiber

A parallel fiber results from the bifurcation of a cerebellar granule cell axon in the molecular layer into two diametrically opposed branches, that are oriented parallel to the long axis of the folium.


gemmule

Spine-like process found on some neurons, e.g., periglomerular cells of olfactory cortex.


proximal neuron projection

The portion of an axon or dendrite that is close to the neuronal cell body.


rhabdomere microvillus

Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a rhabdomere.


telodendria

Telodendria are projections that originate from the axon pedicle and form gap junctions with other neurons.


apical distal dendrite

Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the apical pole of a neuron, and which is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).


dentate gyrus mossy fiber

Distinctive, unmyelinated axons produced by dentate gyrus granule cells.


dendritic filopodium

A small, membranous protrusion found primarily on dendritic stretches of developing neurons. May receive synaptic input, and can develop into dendritic spines.


basal proximal dendrite

Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the basal pole of a neuron (e.g. in bipolar neurons, basal dendrites are either on the same side of the soma as the axon, or project toward the axon), and which is the closest to the cell body of the neuron (the soma).


meconium

A dark greenish mass that accumulates in the bowel during fetal life and is discharged shortly after birth.


egg chorion

A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.


transudate

Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces.


non-membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


cellular anatomical entity

A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex.


pollen tube tip

The region at growing end of the pollen tube cell, where polarized growth occurs.


somatic portion of tanycyte

Portion of a tanycyte that lies within the ependyma and contains the nucleus. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS.


yeast-form cell wall

The wall surrounding a cell of a dimorphic fungus growing in the single-cell budding yeast form, in contrast to the filamentous or hyphal form.


host cell plasmodesma

A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one host cell to that of an adjacent host cell.


extrahaustorial membrane

The membrane surrounding the symbiont haustorium during symbiosis, derived from the host plasma membrane.


actin tubule

A cellular structure, approximately 13 nm in diameter, consisting of three actin filaments bundled together.


old cell pole

The cell pole distal from the most recent cell division.


new cell pole

The cell pole proximal to the most recent cell division.


A membrane-bounded flattened sac that is formed during micropexophagy between the membrane tips of an engulfing vacuole, completing the engulfment and sequestration of peroxisomes from the cytosol, and forming a micropexophagic body within the lumen of the vacuole.


P6 peroxisome

A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P6 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content, and are equivalent to mature peroxisomes.


perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum.


polyadic synapse

A synapse consisting of a single presynapse and multiple postsynapses. These postsynapses may come from the same cell of from different cells. Polyadic synapses are common in arthropod and nematode central nervous systems.


mating projection membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection, the projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.


rod photoreceptor outer segment

The outer segment of a vertebrate rod photoreceptor that contains sealed membrane discs that are not connected to the ciliary membrane and containing rhodopsin photoreceptor proteins.


lytic vacuole within protein storage vacuole

A membrane-bounded compartment containing crystals of phytic acid and proteins characteristic of a lytic vacuole, found within a storage vacuole.


host extracellular space

The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring

A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments, myosin, and myosin-associated proteins that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the mitotic spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two future daughter cells. In animal cells, the mitotic contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the mitotic contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck before mitosis.


multiple synapse bouton

A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding either from a single dendrite or from multiple dendrites.


intracellular organelle lumen

An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.


host cell wall

The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the host cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.


plastid intermembrane space

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the plastid envelope.


mating projection tip membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection tip.


rhabdomere microvillus membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus of a rhabdomere.


Gram-positive-bacterium-type cell wall

A layer of peptidoglycan found outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan is relatively thick (20-80nm) and retains the primary stain of the Gram procedure, thus cells appear blue after Gram stain. The cell walls often contain teichoic acids (acidic anionic polysaccharides) bound to the peptidoglycan. Examples of this component are found in Gram-positive bacteria.


type I terminal bouton

Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.


fungal-type cell wall

A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure.


multiple synapse bouton, contacting multiple dendrites

A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding from multiple dendrites.


host cell membrane pore complex

Any small opening in a host cell membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids, composed of host proteins.


pellicular membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the pellicle, a structure enclosing some parasite cells such as certain apicomplexa and Euglenozoa. These membranes are associated with an infrastructure of microtubules, microfilaments, and other organelles.


leading edge of lamellipodium

That part of the lamellipodium which represents the distal part of the structure.


right ventral basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right ventral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


intracellular organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


chloroplast inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope; also faces the chloroplast stroma.


envelope

A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers.


plant-type cell wall

A more or less rigid stucture lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances.


terminal cisterna lumen

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the terminal cisterna envelope. This space is enriched in calsequestrin.


glycosome

A membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis.


type II terminal bouton

Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a non-glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters at a regulatory synapse. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.


periarbuscular membrane

A host-derived membrane surrounding the symbiont arbuscule during symbiosis.


symbiont-containing vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a symbiont-containing vacuole, derived from both the host and symbiont.


symmetric, GABA-ergic, inhibitory synapse

A neuron to neuron synapse that lacks an electron dense postsynaptic specialization, uses GABA as a neurotransmitter and whose activity results in inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.


P3 peroxisome

A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P3 peroxisomes are formed by fusion of P1 and P2 peroxisomes, and are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.


host cell endomembrane system

A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the host cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


extrinsic component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane

The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.


dendritic knob

The terminal swelling of an apical dendrite of a ciliated olfactory receptor neuron. Each knob gives rise to 5 to 20 long delicate nonmotile cilia, which extend into the mucus covering the sensory epithelium.


sperm glycocalyx

The carbohydrate rich layer at the outermost periphery of a sperm cell.


cortical endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum.


spindle pole body

The microtubule organizing center in fungi; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


meiotic spindle pole

Either of the ends of a meiotic spindle, a spindle that forms as part of meiosis, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


primary cell wall

A plant cell wall that is still able to expand, permitting cell growth. Primary cell walls contain more pectin than secondary walls and no lignin is present.


S-layer

A crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.


kinociliary basal body

A ciliary basal body that is part of a kinocilium.


endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network

A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of flattened, disc-shaped domains known as cisternae. These are typically found close to the nucleus and are generally more prominent in secretory cells.


host cell junction

A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two host cells or between a host cell and the host extracellular matrix. At a host cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the host plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.


mossy fiber rosette

A synapse of a mossy fiber onto the dendrite of a granule cell; each mossy fiber can have up to 50 rosettes.


host cell late endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell late endosome.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane

The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum tubular network.


autolysosome lumen

The volume that is enclosed within the autolysosome single-membrane.


vesicle

Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.


organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.


cofilin-actin rod

A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and disulfide cross-linked cofilin multimers.


bounding membrane of organelle

The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle.


type Is terminal bouton

Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary for the phasic release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. Type Is terminal boutons are smaller than type Ib terminal boutons.


host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum.


host cell endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endosome.


cyanelle intermembrane space

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the cyanelle envelope; includes the peptidoglycan layer.


lysosomal glycocalyx

The polysaccharide-based coating on the inner side of a lysosomal membrane. It may be involved in protecting the membrane from digestion by lysosomal enzymes.


host cell postsynaptic membrane

A postsynaptic membrane that is part of a host cell. A postsynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters transmit the signal across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic membrane.


mating projection tip

The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.


non-growing cell tip

A cell tip at which no growth takes place. For example, in fission yeast the cell end newly formed by cell division does not grow immediately upon its formation, and lacks actin cytoskeletal structures.


host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


perforant pathway to dendrate granule cell synapse

A neuron to neuron synapse of a pyramidal neuron in the entorhinal cortex onto a granule cell in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.


Woronin body

Peroxisome-derived dense-core vesicle that seals septal pores upon hyphal lysis to prevent excessive cytoplasmic loss. It is specific to several genera of filamentous ascomycetes.


meiotic spindle pole body

The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the meiotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


plasma membrane respirasome

A respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane of a cell; made up of the protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the plasma membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


left posteriolateral basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left posteriolateral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


dendriole

Small dendrites that makes up a brush structure found as the terminal specialization of a dendrite of a unipolar brush cell (UBC).


plasma membrane of growing cell tip

Any plasma membrane part that is part of a growing cell tip.


Golgi stack lumen

The volume enclosed by any of the membranes of the thin, flattened cisternae that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.


pollen wall

The wall surrounding a mature pollen grain; a multilayered structure consisting of a pectocellulosic intine surrounded by a sporopollenin-based exine, which itself contains two layers, the inner nexine and the outer sexine.


host cell part

Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular bud tip

The end of a cellular bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell.


slime layer

A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell. Specifically this consists mostly of exopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.


host cell envelope

An envelope that surrounds a bacterial host cell and includes the host cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the host periplasmic space, host cell wall, and host outer membrane if present.


cell junction

A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella.


sperm head plasma membrane

The plasma membrane that is part of the head section of a sperm cell.


rod bipolar cell terminal bouton

A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a rod bipolar axon. A rod bipolar cell is a neuron found in the retina and having connections with rod photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.


vascular endothelial glycocalyx

The carbohydrate-rich layer lining the vascular endothelium connected to the endothelium through a variety of molecules, mainly proteoglycans and glycoproteins. These form a network in which soluble molecules, either plasma- or endothelium-derived, are incorporated.


host cell membrane

Double layer of lipid molecules as it encloses host cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


capsule

A protective structure surrounding some fungi and bacteria, attached externally to the cell wall and composed primarily of polysaccharides. Capsules are highly organized structures that adhere strongly to cells and cannot be easily removed. Capsules play important roles in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by other cells, adherance, and resistance to dessication.


C bouton

Synaptic bouton found in spinal cord on the soma and proximal dendrites of motor neurons.


membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


meiotic actomyosin contractile ring

A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments, myosin, and myosin-associated proteins that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the meiotic spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two future daughter cells. In animal cells, the meiotic contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In fungal cells, the meiotic contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in preparation for completing cytokinesis.


peptidoglycan-based cell wall

A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan (also known as murein), a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids. An example of this component is found in Escherichia coli.


cell projection

A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


intracellular anatomical structure

A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.


organelle lumen

The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.


presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

The region of the presynaptic membrane that is part of the presynaptic endocytic zone - where synaptic vesicles are endocytosed and recycled following release.


glyoxysome

A specialized form of peroxisome that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. The glyoxysome is found in some plant cells, notably the cells of germinating seeds.


membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it.


hyphal membrane

A host-derived membrane surrounding the symbiont hypha during infection.


glutamatergic synapse

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.


cellularization cleavage furrow

A plasma membrane invagination at the site of separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells.


postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane

The region of the postsynaptic membrane that is part of the postsynaptic endocytic zone. This region of membrane is associated with stable clathrin puncta.


organelle membrane

A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.


hyphal cell wall

The cell wall surrounding a fungal hypha.


Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse

A synapse between the Schaffer collateral axon of a CA3 pyramidal cell and a CA1 pyramidal cell.


stereocilium coat

A glycocalyx on the the endolymphatic surface of a cochlear hair cell that coats the external surface of each stereocilium and maintains a small distance between adjacent stereocilia in the bundle.


neuron to neuron synapse

A synapse in which pre and post-synaptic cells are neurons.


hinge region between urothelial plaques of apical plasma membrane

A narrow rim of non-thickened membrane in between urothelial plaques in apical plasma membrane.


plant-type vacuole lumen

The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


basal pole of outer hair cell

The end of the outer hair cell which receives and transmits neural signals.


host peribacteroid fluid

The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.


plasma membrane of cell tip

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip.


serotonergic synapse

A synapse that uses serotonin as a neurotransmitter.


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.


right anterior basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right anterior flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


extrinsic component of cell outer membrane

The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


right posteriolateral basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right posteriolateral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


protein storage vacuole lumen

The volume enclosed by the protein storage vacuole membrane.


cone photoreceptor outer segment

The outer segment of a vertebrate cone photoreceptor that contains membrane discs that are contiguous with the ciliary membrane and containing opsin photoreceptor proteins.


autophagosome lumen

The volume enclosed within the autophagosome double-membrane.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


dopaminergic synapse

A synapse that uses dopamine as a neurotransmitter.


noradrenergic synapse

A synapse that uses noradrenaline as a neurotransmitter.


postsynaptic specialization of symmetric synapse

A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of a symmetric synapse, consisting of anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components that spatially and functionally organize the neurotransmitter receptors at the synapse. This structure is not as thick or electron dense as the postsynaptic densities found in asymmetric synapses.


chromoplast intermembrane space

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chromoplast envelope.


basal pole of neuron

Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the basilar dendrite emerges.


fungal-type vacuole lumen

The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


apical pole of neuron

Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the apical dendrite emerges.


host cell presynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane of the host axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the host neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many host synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.


somatic ring canal

A stable intercellular bridge between somatic cells. Examples include the intercellular bridges between ovarian follicle cells in insects and between imaginal disc cells in insects.


type III terminal bouton

Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a non-glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters at a regulatory synapse. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it. Type III terminal boutons are larger than type II ones.


muscle cell postsynaptic specialization

A postsynaptic specialization that is part of a neuromuscular junction.


meiotic spindle midzone

The area in the center of the meiotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


actin rod

A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Actin rod structures are found in diverse organisms, having been observed in spores of Dictyostelium discoideum, Drosophila melanogaster oocytes, as well as in numerous animal cells under stress conditions.


plastid inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope; also faces the plastid stroma.


plant-type vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


prospore contractile ring

A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in meiotic cells in preparation for completing cytokinesis.


extrinsic component of thylakoid membrane

The component of a thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


membrane-enclosed lumen

The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen.


cyst wall

The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a cyst. A cyst is a resting or dormant stage of a microorganism, usually a bacterium or a protist or rarely an invertebrate animal, that helps the organism to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions. In protists such as protozoan parasites alternating cystic- and non-cystic stages, the cyst wall is usually composed of carbohydrates and proteins.


host cell periplasmic space

The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer host membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner host membrane and host cell wall (Fungi).


root hair tip

The tip portion of an outgrowth of a root epidermal cell.


P4 peroxisome

A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P4 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.


host caveola

A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the host cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a host cell and extends inward, indenting the host cytoplasm and the host cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the host cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


organelle envelope

A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.


synaptonemal structure

A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.


old growing cell tip

A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs. For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.


cellular bud neck

The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.


GABA-ergic synapse

A synapse that uses GABA as a neurotransmitter. These synapses are typically inhibitory.


symbiont-containing vacuolar space

The space between a symbiont plasma membrane and the symbiont-containing vacuole membrane.


extrinsic component of external side of cell outer membrane

The component of a cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


haemolymphatic fluid

Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs.


aortico-pulmonary spiral septum

The spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta[MP]. The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions.


ion

A molecular entity having a net electric charge.


anion

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.


polyatomic ion

An ion consisting of more than one atom.


pedal ganglion

The pedal ganglia mainly are necessary for coordination of locomotion of a snail.


neural crest-derived structure

An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest.


ventricular septum intermedium

Endocardial cushions project into the atrial canal, and, meeting in the middle line, unite to form the septum intermedium which divides the canal into two channels, the future right and left atrioventricular orifices[Gray's via WP].


lumbar dorsal root ganglion

The group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the lumbar vertebrae.


profundal part of trigeminal ganglion complex


atrioventricular septum

The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve.


maxillomandibular part of trigeminal ganglion complex


inherited disease susceptibility

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.


muscle structure

Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO].


ectoderm-derived structure

An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.


secretion of serous gland

Any fluid produced by a serous gland.


outflow tract septum

The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.


structure with developmental contribution from neural crest

An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest.


mating plug

A gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species. It is deposited by a male into a female genital tract and later hardens into a plug or glues the tract together.


lateral structure

Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian.


parietal ganglion

A lateral ganglion that innervates pallial cavity, gills and skin of a snail[BTO,modified].


seminal clot

A portion of semen in a coagulated state.


bodily fluid

Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not.


excreta

A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


septum

A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP].


mesoderm-derived structure

An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm.


abdominal ganglion of visceral hump

An unpaired knot of nerves in The visceral sacs that innervates the pallial organs as well as the inner organs.


excretory system

An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm.


endoderm-derived structure

An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm.


gastropod cerebral ganglion

The cerebral ganglia are primarily sensual centres, that compute information from the eyes as well as from the tactile and position sensors (statocystes). Besides coordination they also serve the locational memory of a snail.


aromatic compound

A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.


macrocycle

A cyclic compound containing nine or more atoms as part of the cyclic system.


chemical entity

A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.


main group molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.


cyclic compound

Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.


chemical substance

A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.


heterocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.


polyatomic entity

Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.


mineral

In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').


inorganic molecular entity

A molecular entity that contains no carbon.


alkali metal molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.


isotopically modified compound

Any molecular entity in which the isotopic ratio of nuclides for at least one element deviates measurably from that occurring in nature. The term includes both isotopically substituted compounds (in which essentially all the molecules of the compound have only the indicated nuclide(s) at each designated position) and isotopically labeled compounds (a formal mixture of an isotopically unmodified compound with one or more analogous isotopically substituted compound(s).


ring assembly

Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved.


mineral nutrient

A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body.


bicyclic compound

A molecule that features two fused rings.


A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome).


molecule

Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.


heterobicyclic compound

A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.


s-block molecular entity

An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.


alkaline earth molecular entity

An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.


homocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.


molecular entity

Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.


virion component

Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.


disease susceptibility

A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.