Stage IV Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


TNFRSF8 Low

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Indicates that low expression of TNFRSF8 has been detected in a sample.


Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor

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A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ampulla of Vater and periampullary region.


Posterior Fossa Ependymoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises in the posterior fossa in which molecular analysis for DNA methylation profiling was unsuccessful or not reported.


Locally Advanced Prostate Adenocarcinoma

A prostatic adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Metastases to abdominal cavity

The spread of a malignant neoplasm from a primary site to an unspecified organ in the abdominal cavity.


Conjunctival Oncocytoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the conjunctiva. It is characterized by the presence of oncocytic cells with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm.


Maternal Hemorrhage

Uncontrolled bleeding from a pregnant or a woman who has recently given birth.


Advanced Malignant Skin Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm of the skin that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Pancreatic Alpha Cell Adenoma

A benign endocrine neoplasm arising from the alpha cells of the pancreas.  It produces glucagon.


Lugano Classification Advanced Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Lugano classification criteria. It includes stages III and IV. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIA Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Tumor directly invading the pancreas (up to 0.5 cm). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IVB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis (including pelvic lymph node metastasis). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage III Lentigo Maligna Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: Any T, N1-3, M0.  Stage III is divided into three pathologic subgroups: IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.  There are no clinical subgroups for stage III.  N1: Cutaneous melanoma with metastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2: Cutaneous melanoma with metastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) without metastatic nodes.  N3: Cutaneous melanoma with 4 or more metastatic nodes, or matted nodes, or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) with metastatic node(s).  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Reproductive Endocrine Neoplasm

A benign or malignant endocrine neoplasm that arises from the testis or the ovary.


Anemia due to Decreased Production

Anemia that results from a decreased rate of erythropoiesis.


Melanoma Metastatic in the Central Nervous System

A melanoma that has spread to the central nervous system from its original site of growth, through the hematogenous route.


Domestic injury

Trauma occurring within the confines of the home environment.


Extragonadal primary germ cell tumor mixed stage I


Increased Concomitant Drug AUC

Increased area under the plot of plasma concentration of a concomitant drug against time after its administration.


Stage IB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Lesion measuring more than 2 cm, or any size with stromal invasion of more than 1.0 mm, confined to the vulva and/or perineum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIA Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential

A term that refers to the presence of somatic mutations in bone marrow or peripheral blood cells in individuals who may be cytopenic but do not have morphologic evidence of hematologic neoplasia. Its prevalence rises with age and is found in approximately 10% of individuals aged 70 to 80. It is associated with an increased risk of hematologic neoplasia. Mutations in the DNMT3A, TET2, or ASXL1 genes are usually identified. Approximately 10%-40% of individuals with age-related clonal hematopoiesis will progress to meet the diagnostic criteria for clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential.


Blood Cardiac Troponin Increased

A laboratory test result which indicates increased levels of cardiac troponin in a biological specimen.


Pleural fistula

An abnormal communication between the pleural cavity and another anatomic site.


Refractory Fibrosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder

An anxiety disorder in which the symptoms of anxiety have been determined to be etiologically related to the direct physiological effects of a substance (i.e., a drug of abuse, a medication, or toxin exposure).


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte predominance type recurrent

An antiquated term that refers to the reemergence of either nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma or lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Clinical Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: T3c, N0/N1, M0. T3c: Fallopian tube cancer with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond the pelvis more than 2 cm in greatest dimension with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes (includes extension of tumor to capsule of liver and spleen without parenchymal involvement of either organ). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (histologically confirmed). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Vascular hemorrhagic disorders

A hemorrhagic disorder that is caused by pathologic changes in the vasculature.


Pregnancy Mood Swing

The fluctuations in the mental and emotional state of an individual during pregnancy.


Peripheral Vascular Insufficiency

A condition in which there is inadequate blood flow through the peripheral blood vessels due to intrinsic disease of the vasculature.


Child Intoxication With Breast Implant Material Ingredients

Children affected by toxins may be due to silicone breast implants and their effects on unborn children and from breastfeeding.


Amnestic disorders due to a general medical condition

A disorder involving memory impairment (either anterograde or retrograde) that is etiologically linked to the direct physiological consequence of a general medical condition. The memory impairment is not the result of a delirium or dementia.


Advanced Gastric Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A gastric small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Subdural Hemorrhage Related to Birth

Bleeding within the subdural space occurring during labor and/or delivery.


Pancreatic Mucinous-Cystic Neoplasm, Low Grade

A non-invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the pancreas and is characterized by the presence of mild dysplasia and absence of mitotic figures.


Hereditary coagulation factor deficiency

An inherited blood coagulation disorder characterized by deficiency of one of the coagulation factors, resulting in bleeding.


Neuropathic Pain

Chronic pain caused by damage to nerve fibers.  It is usually associated with tissue injury.


Astler-Coller A Colon Carcinoma

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0) and (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Prostate Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Papillary Pattern

A prostate ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.


Pathologic Stage 0 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0, GN/A. Tis: High-grade dysplasia, defined as malignant cells confined to the epithelium by the basement membrane. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. GN/A: Grade non-applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Early Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma

An early Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis.


Non-Neoplastic Chronic Respiratory System Disorder

A non-neoplastic longstanding disorder of the respiratory system.


Stage IV Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: Any T, N1, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group: Any; IVB: Any T, N0, M1, PSA: Any, Grade Group: Any. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. N1: Prostate cancer with metastases in regional node(s). M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. M1: Prostate cancer with distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Monoclonal Paraproteinemia Present in Lower than Myeloma Levels

An indication that the detected amount of monocolonal paraproteinemia in a sample is lower than the range of levels that are associated with myeloma.


Human immunodeficiency virus leukoencephalopathy


Childhood Kidney Disorder

A kidney disorder that appears during childhood.


Metastatic carcinoid tumor

A carcinoid tumor that has extended beyond its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IVA Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N1-2, M0); (T4a, NX, M0); (T4b, N0-2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0). T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clear cell tumor

A purely morphologic term that describes a neoplasm in which all or the majority of the neoplastic cells have a clear cytoplasm, when examined under light microscopy, using the conventional staining method (H-E). This term does not provide any information about the nature of the neoplasm (benign or malignant), cell of origin (e.g. epithelial versus mesenchymal versus hematopoietic), or prognosis. Further examination using special stains and/or immunohistochemistry is required to appropriately classify this tumor.


High-CSD Melanoma

A finding indicating a high degree of cumulative sun damage in the skin as evidenced by severe solar keratosis. (WHO 2018)


Recurrent Malignant Endocrine Neoplasm

Reemergence of a malignant endocrine neoplasm after a period of remission.


Anemia due to disorders of nucleotide metabolism

A group of hemolytic anemias that result from either the deficiency or overproduction of several enzymes involved in metabolizing nucleotides.


Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma and Sympathetic Paraganglioma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of adrenal gland pheochromocytoma and sympathetic paraganglioma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. Parasympathetic paragangliomas are not staged because they are largely benign. This staging system does not apply to neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas (are staged according to the classification for neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas) and carotid body tumors (not staged). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Abnormal Phenolsulfonphthalein Test Result

A laboratory test result indicating other than normal parameters after a phenolsulfonphthaliein test.


Recurrent Retinoblastoma

The reemergence of retinoblastoma after a period of remission.


Radiation injury of bone marrow

Radiation injury of the hematopoietic system.


Invasive Malignant Neoplasm

Cancer that has spread beyond the layer of tissue in which it developed and is growing into surrounding, healthy tissues.


Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia with Eosinophilia

A chronic myelomonocytic leukemia characterized by a peripheral blood eosinophil count of equal or greater than 1.5x10E9/L, and absence of PDGFRA or PDGFRB gene abnormalities.


Advanced Platinum-Resistant Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A platinum-resistant malignant germ cell tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIIB Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0/N1, M0. T3b: Fallopian tube cancer with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis 2 cm or less in greatest dimension with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (histologically confirmed). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Ampulla of Vater Invasive Papillary Adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from an exophytic papillary neoplasm of the ampulla of Vater.


Stage IVC Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G.  M1b: Nonperitoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Anal Adenocarcinoma within Anorectal Fistula

An anal adenocarcinoma arising from the lining of an anorectal fistulous tract.  The overlying anal mucosa does not show evidence of neoplastic changes.  Some cases are associated with Crohn disease.


Lyme Arthritis

Joint inflammation, most often affecting large joints, associated with Lyme disease, presenting months after infection.


Stage IA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0.  T1a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, without ulceration and with mitosis less than 1/mm2.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor limited to one tube, without penetrating the serosal surface; no ascites.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Benign Infratentorial Neoplasms

A benign neoplasm that occurs in the infratentorial region.


Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Gene Expression Profile

Gene expression-based patient cluster groups in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.


Composite paraganglioma

A neoplasm that combines morphologic characteristics of paraganglioma and neuroectodermal tumors such as neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, or peripheral nerve sheath tumor.


Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis

A recurrent form of cholangitis that is characterized by intrabiliary pigment stone formation, biliary tree stricture and obstruction, and recurrent bouts of cholangitis. There is an association with biliary parasitosis, but evidence supporting these infections in the pathogenesis of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is inconclusive. The most common causes of death are sepsis, liver failure, or complications from cirrhosis. Patients are also at increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma.


Stage II Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T3a, N0, M0; IIB: T3b, N0, M0. T3a: Tumor directly invading the pancreas (up to 0.5 cm). T3b: Tumor extending more than 0.5 cm into the pancreas, or extending into peripancreatic tissue or duodenal serosa without involvement of the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Sex Chromosome Differences of Sex Development

A condition affecting gonadal and/or internal and/or external reproductive/genital development in which there is an atypical number of sex chromosomes (i.e. fewer or greater than the typical 2 X chromosomes or 1 X and 1 Y chromosome).


Germinative Follicular Epithelium Neoplasm

A neoplasm involving the germinative follicular epithelium.


Infectious disease of genitourinary system

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting any part of the genitourinary system.


Mixed Failure to Thrive

Failure to thrive due to both organic and non-organic causes.


PSA Level Finding

A finding that indicates the amount of prostate specific antigen in a sample.


Stage IV Lentigo Maligna Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Pediatric Infectious Disorder

An infectious disorder that occurs during infancy, childhood, or adolescence.


Hypothalamic Cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the hypothalamus.


Hypergranular promyelocytic leukemia

Acute Promyelocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of hypergranular promyelocytes and characteristic cells that contain bundles of Auer rods.


Primary cutaneous CD30 antigen positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder

This entity represents a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by CD30 (Ki-1)-positive cutaneous T-cell infiltrates.  The two ends of the spectrum include lymphomatoid papulosis (benign end) and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (malignant end).  Borderline lesions are also included in this spectrum.  (WHO, 2001)


Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic (WF)


Stage IVB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). N2: Metastases to four or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Localized Childhood Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

An undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone that occurs in childhood and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Locally Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Yolk Sac Tumor with Somatic-Type Malignancy

A yolk sac tumor that is characterized by morphologic transformation to somatic-type malignancy. The somatic-type malignant component most often is sarcomatous or carcinomatous.


Intraepithelial Melanocytic Hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the intraepithelial melanocytes.


FIGO Stage IVC Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Childhood Gastric Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the stomach that occurs during childhood.


Stage IV Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Native valve endocarditis

Endocarditis affecting a native valve of the heart.


Benign germ cell neoplasm

A germ cell tumor without metastatic potential.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor invades stromal connective tissue of the cervix but does not extend beyond uterus.  Endocervical glandular involvement only should be considered as Stage I and not as Stage II.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Esophageal Hodgkin Lymphoma

A very rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the esophagus.


Refractory Vaginal Carcinoma

Vaginal carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Verumontanum Mucosal Gland Hyperplasia

A benign microacinar proliferation occurring exclusively in the verumontanum and adjacent posterior urethra where the ejaculatory ducts and utricle empty into the urethra. Crystalloids and intraluminal mucin are usually absent, but; intraluminal corpora amylacea are often present. The lining epithelium typically consists of bland cuboidal to columnar luminal cells with underlying basal cells.


Unresectable Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube endometrioid adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

The reemergence of adult diffuse large cell lymphoma after a period of remission.


Benign Anal Granular Cell Tumor

A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the anus.  It is characterized by the presence of large polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm.


Acquired Facial Nerve Palsy

A condition characterized by reduced or absent movement of the ipsilateral face as a consequence of an injury to the seventh cranial nerve that has occurred after birth.


Unresectable Fibrosarcoma

A fibrosarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Central line complication

A problem with a central venous access catheter or site of insertion.


Beta Thalassemia Plus Structural Variants

A heterozygous state in which a person has a mutation in a beta globin allele causing beta thalassemia, together with other structural variants in the other allele.


Esthesioneurocytoma

A rare benign neuroectodermal tumor originating from olfactory receptor cells in the nasal cavity. Microscopically, it is characterized by the absence of malignant characteristics and the absence of rosettes formation.


Recurrent Primary Amyloidosis

The reemergence of primary amyloidosis after a period of remission.


Metastatic urothelial carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the urothelium and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Transitional cell carcinoma metastatic

A carcinoma that arises from transitional cells and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Non-Neoplastic Peritoneal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the peritoneum. Representative examples include peritonitis and panniculitis.


Inherited neuropathies

A hereditary disorder that affects the sensory and/or motor nerves or the autonomic nerves.


Adrenal hemorrhage

Hemorrhage and necrosis of the adrenal gland tissue. Bilateral and extensive hemorrhage may lead to acute adrenal insufficiency, shock, and death.


Skin Reaction Secondary to Radiation Therapy


Intracranial Laceration Related to Birth

Tearing of the cerebral or cerebellar parenchyma or vessels of a newborn infant due to forces occurring during labor and delivery.


Pathologic Stage IIIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-4, N1a(sn) or N1a, M0); (T0, N1b, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N1a(sn): Clinically occult regional lymph node metastasis identified only by sentinel lymph node biopsy. N1a: Clinically occult regional lymph node metastasis following lymph node dissection. N1b: Clinically and/or radiologically detected regional lymph node metastasis, microscopically confirmed. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Tumor Mass of the Extremity

A mass-forming benign or malignant neoplasm that affects a limb of the body.


Esophageal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Advanced Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A malignant germ cell tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Endometrial Carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm of pancreas with moderate dysplasia

A non-invasive pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that exhibit nuclear stratification, loss of polarity, and crowding.  There is moderate nuclear hyperchromasia.


Aplastic anemia due to infection

Aplastic anemia caused by an infection.


Esophageal High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal mucosa.  It includes lesions termed moderate dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ (severe dysplasia).  (WHO, 2000)


Advanced Primary Malignant Brain Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain and has spread extensively or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIIB Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0.  T3b: Macroscopic peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0, G1); (T1a, N0, M0, GX); IB: (T1a, N0, M0, G2); (T1b, N0, M0, G1-2); (T1b, N0, M0, GX); IC: (T1, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2). T1a: Tumor invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosae. T1b: Tumor invades the submucosa. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well-differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G2: Moderately differentiated. G3: Poorly differentiated, undifferentiated. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Neoplasm by Special Category

A neoplasm defined by its unique characteristic as they apply to clinical presentation and course, morphologic patterns, frequency, and/or age distribution.


Localized Gastric Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the stomach and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Uterine Ligament Wolffian Tumor

An epithelial neoplasm of Wolffian (mesonephric) origin arising from a uterine ligament. Most tumors behave in a benign fashion.


Retrobulbar Hemorrhage

Bleeding in the orbital cavity that results in compression of orbital structures, resulting in ischemia of the optic nerve, and possible loss of vision.


Transient Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism that resolves spontaneously. This is the most common cause of neonatal hypoglycemia.


Recurrent Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that has recurred after a period of remission.


Chronic Decubitus

A longstanding lesion caused by death of tissue due to external pressure.


Sinusoidal hemangioma

A rare hemangioma occurring mainly in middle-aged adults. The most common location is in the trunk. The lesions are small, asymptomatic, and bluish. They are composed of irregular, dilated, congested thin-walled vascular channels with scant smooth muscle in a sinusoidal or sieve-like pattern. (WHO 2018)


Stage IB Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Tumor with measured deepest invasion more than 5 mm (greater than FIGO stage IA); lesion limited to the cervix uteri with size measured by maximum tumor diameter. Note: The involvement of vascular/lymphatic spaces should not change the staging. The lateral extent of the lesion is no longer considered. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Stage IVB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, MI. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IIIC Gastric Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4b, N2, M0); (T4b, N3, M0); (T4a, N3, M0).  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures. N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Killing Pain

A sensation of extreme discomfort and anguish that is perceived as severe enough to cause one's death.


Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the exocrine pancreatic ducts and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Bilateral cataracts (disorder)

Partial or complete opacity of the crystalline lens of both eyes that decreases visual acuity and eventually results in blindness. Some cataracts appear in infancy or in childhood, but most develop in older individuals. (Sternberg Diagnostic Surgical Pathology, 3rd ed.)


Hematologic Malignancy-Associated Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the skin in a patient with a history of hematologic malignancy, usually non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia.


Metastatic Carcinoma to the Uterine Cervix

A carcinoma that has spread to the cervix from another anatomic site.


Conjunctival foreign body

External material in or on the conjunctiva.


A high grade poorly differentiated carcinoma arising from the digestive system.  It is composed of small or large neoplastic cells that express immunohistochemical evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation.  There is marked nuclear atypia, necrosis, and more than 20 mitoses per 10 HPF.


Low Glutathione Level

An indication that a lower than average level of glutathione was detected in a sample.


Nevus of Female Genitalia

A nevus that arises from the female genital organs. This category includes congenital nevus, acquired nevus, dysplastic nevus, blue nevus, and atypical melanocytic nevus of the genital type.


Increased Porphyrin

Increase in the amount of porphyrin.


Intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis or vulva. It usually presents as a solitary white or pink macule or plaque that may be slightly elevated. A background of long-standing lichen sclerosus is often present.


Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

An acute infection of the prostate gland caused by bacteria, most often Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Signs and symptoms include fever, lower back pain, urinary frequency, and painful urination.  The urinalysis reveals the presence of white cells.  Risk factors include intraprostatic ductal reflux, phimosis, urinary tract infections, and unprotected anal intercourse.


Stage IIIC1 Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC1 includes: T1-T3, N1/N1mi/N1a, M0. T1: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor confined to the corpus uteri, including endocervical glandular involvement. T2: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading the stromal connective tissue of the cervix but not extending beyond the uterus. Does not include endocervical glandular involvement. T3: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor involving serosa, adnexa, vagina, or parametrium. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes. N1mi: Regional lymph node metastasis (greater than 0.2 mm but nor greater than 2.0 mm in diameter) to pelvic lymph nodes. N1a: Regional lymph node metastasis (greater than 2.0 mm in diameter) to pelvic lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Refractory Malignant Neoplasm of Multiple Primary Sites

Malignant neoplasm of multiple primary sites that is resistant to treatment.


Urethral Melanoma

A rare melanoma that arises from the urethral mucosa.


Thoracotomy Scar

Replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue due to a surgical procedure where an incision was made into the chest wall to the left or to the right of the midline.


P2 Hydronephrosis

Postnatal Hydronephrosis with the following clinical findings: 1) APRPD is greater than or equal to 15 mm, 2) the calyces may be dilated centrally and peripherally, 3) or a dilated ureter is visible, 4) the parenchymal thickness and appearance is normal, and 5) the bladder is normal. Cases in which there is peripheral calyceal dilation but the APRPD is less than 15 mm are classified as UTD P2. (Adapted from: Hiep T. Nguyen, Carol B. Benson, Bryann Bromley, Jeffrey B. Campbell, Jeanne Chow, Beverly Coleman, Christopher Cooper, Jude Crino, Kassa Darge, C.D. Anthony Herndon, Anthony O. Odibo, Michael J.G. Somers, Deborah R. Stein; Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system); Pediatric Urology; December 2014 Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 982-998)


Resectable Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant female reproductive system neoplasm that is amenable to surgical resection.


Stage I Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and is less than or equal to 1 cm in size. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cervical Mesonephric Remnants and Hyperplasia

The presence of embryonic remnants of mesonephric ducts in the cervix and their benign hyperplastic proliferations.


Glucagonoma, malignant

A glucagon-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the alpha cells of the pancreas.  It may be associated with necrolytic erythema migrans, diarrhea, diabetes, glossitis, weight loss, malabsorption, and anemia.  It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Benign Osteoclastic Giant Cell-Rich Tumor of Bone

A giant cell tumor that arises from the bone and is characterized by the absence of local aggression and lack of metastatic potential.


Neonatal rickets

Rickets that usually affects premature infants. Factors that contribute to the development of neonatal rickets include calcium, phosphorus, or calciferol deficiency. It manifests with spontaneous fractures, respiratory distress, and growth developmental delays.


Unresectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia after a period of remission.


Recurrent Plasma Cell Neoplasm

The reemergence of a plasma cell neoplasm after a period of remission.


Prostate Paraganglioma

A paraganglioma that affects the prostate gland.


Adenoma of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

A benign neoplasm that arises from the retinal pigment epithelium. It consists of cords and tubules of variably pigmented proliferating retinal pigment epithelium cells, separated by fibrous stroma. Malignant transformation is rare. (WHO 2018)


Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection

Infection in the first month of life caused by the Herpes simplex virus.


Low Grade Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma exhibiting 50% or less solid non-glandular, non-squamous growth.


Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder

A malignant, high grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the bladder. This category includes small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Epilepsy that is refractory to treatment.


Stage IIIC Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G).  T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent WHO Grade 3 Glioma

The reemergence of a WHO grade III glioma after a period of remission.


Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Lacrimal Drainage System Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma

A rare nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct. It is characterized by the presence of large cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli, a syncytial growth pattern, and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.


Thrombosis of abdominal aorta

Formation of blood clot in the lumen of the abdominal aorta. It may lead to severe abdominal pain and ischemic necrosis of the intestine.


Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma that involves the lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the pelvic wall. (FIGO 2018)


Acquired factor IX deficiency disease

An acquired coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of factor IX activity in the blood.


Refractory Fallopian Tube Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent Childhood Fibrillary Astrocytoma

The reemergence of fibrillary astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Pineal Parenchymal Cell Neoplasm

The reemergence of pineal parenchymal cell neoplasm after a period of remission.


Ureteric fistula

An abnormal communication between the ureter and another organ or anatomic site.


Cardiac Enzyme Elevation

An increase from the normal levels of cardiac enzymes measurement.


Broad Ligament Serous Cystadenofibroma

A rare serous cystadenofibroma arising from the broad ligament.


FNCLCC Sarcoma Grade 3

A sarcoma with a total score of 6 or higher according to the FNCLCC guidelines.


Male Reproductive System Precancerous Condition

A premalignant pathologic process arising from an organ of the male reproductive system.  It is characterized by cellular atypia and/or dysplasia but does not show morphologic evidence of stromal invasion at the time of diagnosis.  Representative examples include prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, giant condyloma acuminatum of the penis, and penile intraepithelial neoplasia.


Metastatic Bone Sarcoma

Bone sarcoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


BAP1-Inactivated Skin Melanocytic Neoplasm

A group of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms that includes the combined BAP1-inactivated nevus and the BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma.


Hyperplasia of Brunner glands of duodenum

A rare hyperplastic lesion of Brunner's gland in the duodenum. Although it is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, it may cause hemorrhage.


Stage IVA Oral Cavity Verrucous Carcinoma


B-Cell Proliferation of Uncertain Malignant Potential

A B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with uncertain malignant potential. The representative example of this category is lymphomatoid granulomatosis.


Refractory Vulvar Carcinoma

Vulvar carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Foreign-Body Reaction

An inflammatory lesion comprised of epithelioid histiocytes and chronic inflammation that is caused by the presence of extraneous material.


Non-Neoplastic Musculoskeletal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects muscles and bones.


lymphomatoid papulosis, type C

A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis characterized clinically by regressing skin papules, and morphologically by features resembling anaplastic large cell lymphoma.


Ovarian or testicular dysfunction associated with high levels of gonadotropins, that is present at birth.


Recurrent Ampulla of Vater Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Maternal Weight Gain in Pregnancy

The last recorded maternal weight prior to birth minus the last recorded weight immediately prior to pregnancy. (reVITALize)


Congenital Cystic Hygroma

A congenital lymphatic malformation usually arising from the neck and characterized by cystic dilation of the lymphatic vessels.


Adenocarcinoma endometrial metastatic

An adenocarcinoma which originated in the endometrium and has spread to another anatomic site.


Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified

Acute myeloid leukemia not otherwise specified that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Monomorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


An exceedingly rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the endometrium and displays mesonephric differentiation. Some tumors are thought to derive from mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct) remnants. Others may have a Mullerian duct lineage.


Stage IB Gastric Carcinoma

Stage IB includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Female urinary-genital tract fistula

An abnormal connection between the urinary system and the genitals in a female.


Primary Malignant Pelvic Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the organs and structures of the pelvis.


Severe Cardiac Valve Regurgitation

Evidence of severe retrograde blood flow through the valve(s) of the heart. (ACC)


FIGO Grade 1 Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that contains equal to or less than 5% non-squamous solid areas.


Mixed Cellularity Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for mixed cellularity classic Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Stage III Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T1: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades urethral subepithelial connective tissue immediately underlying the urothelium. T2: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades any of the following: corpus spongiosum, periurethral muscle. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades the prostatic stroma surrounding ducts either by direct extension from the urothelial surface or by invasion from prostatic ducts. T3: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades any of the following: corpus cavernosum, anterior vagina. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades the periprostatic fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Single regional lymph node metastasis in the inguinal region or true pelvis [perivesical, obturator, internal (hypogastric) and external iliac], or presacral lymph node. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph node measuring 0.2 mm or more) or any number of tumor deposits is present, and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


clear cell adenocarcinoma of gallbladder

A rare morphologic variant of gallbladder adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glandular epithelium with a predominance of glycogen rich clear cells.  The cells display hyperchromic nuclei and well-defined cytoplasmic borders.


Chronic inflammation

An inflammatory process characterized by the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the absence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.


Fetal Neurodevelopmental Disorder

A fetal affliction that has a neurological basis and manifests as a developmental disability.


Recurrent Anaplastic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of anaplastic astrocytoma after a period of remission.


Miserable Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that renders an individual unable to find any happiness.


Stage I Vulvar Cancer

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Invasive vulvar cancer confined to the vulva or perineum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia Expressing the T-Cell Receptor Gamma-Delta

An uncommon variant of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia expressing the gamma-delta T-cell receptor. Approximately 60% of these cases are CD8-positive and the remainder are CD4/CD8-negative.


Unresectable Low Grade Glioma

Low grade glioma that is not amenable to surgical removal.


Stage III Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0, G2 or G3. T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated, high grade. G3: Poorly differentiated, high grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Radiating Chest Pain Along Right Middle Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the right middle sternal border.


Pancreatic Enzymes Decreased

A laboratory test result which indicates decreased levels of pancreatic enzymes in a biologic specimen.


Stage I Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA (T1, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); IB (T2, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX).  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to retina

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the retina from another anatomic site.


Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis (includes metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes, intraperitoneal disease, or lung, liver, or bone.  It excludes metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes, vagina, pelvic serosa, or adnexa). This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IB3 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Invasive cervical carcinoma equal or more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Cutaneous Mature B-Cell Neoplasm

A B-cell neoplasm that arises from the skin.


Prostate Melanoma

An exceptionally rare melanoma arising from the prostate gland.


Deep Lipoma

A benign well-circumscribed tumor, composed of mature adipocytes, that arises within deep soft tissues.


Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia

Fibrous dysplasia affecting the craniofacial bones.


Cardiac granuloma

A granuloma located in the myocardium.


Elevated DKK1

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of DKK1 in a sample.


Neonatal Spell

Cardiorespiratory events that are characterized by variable combinations of cessation of breathing, decrease in blood oxygen saturation, and decreased heart rate.


Stage IIA Esophagus Carcinoma

Stage IIA includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: (T2-3, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Upper, middle); (T2-3, N0, M0, G2-3, Tumor location: Lower, X).  For adenocarcinoma: (T2, N0, M0, G3).  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Leukopenia neonatal

Leukopenia that occurs in the neonatal period.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia recurrent

The reemergence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia after a period of remission.


Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia

A pre-cancerous, non-invasive pancreatic epithelial neoplasm that arises from and is confined to the pancreatic ducts.  It is a papillary or flat neoplasm that usually measures less than 5 mm in diameter.


Esophageal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of esophageal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Stage IIIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N1b/N2, M0.  N1b: Macrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  N2: In transit metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Recurrent Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

The reemergence of a myeloproliferative neoplasm after a period of remission.


Burn of axilla

A traumatic injury to the axilla resulting from exposure to caustic chemicals, extreme heat, extreme cold, or excessive radiation.


Sexual Aversion Disorder

A disorder characterized by recurrent or persistent extreme aversion to, and avoidance of, all genital contact with a sexual partner. The aversion to sexual contact is not attributable to another psychiatric disorder.


Gallbladder Tubular Carcinoid

A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the gallbladder.  It does not show the morphologic characteristics of typical carcinoid tumors (neoplastic cells forming solid nests). In contrast, the tumor cells form small discrete tubules.


Benign Thymoma

A thymoma that is completely surrounded by a capsule, without evidence of capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues, and metastases.


Cutaneous Melanoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of cutaneous melanoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


Stage IA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma measuring equal or less than 5 mm in depth and equal or less than 7 mm in width. (FIGO 2009)


Primary Valvular Disorder

Heart disease that is primarily due to a valvular defect or abnormality. Valve disease that is felt to be significant but does not fulfill the definition for primary valvular heat disease is considered contributory valvular heart disease.


Merkel Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of Merkel cell carcinoma (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Pelvic Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma

Undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma  involving the bones of the pelvis.


Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance

A condition in which there is orthostatic intolerance lasting for at least three months with associated functional impairment. (ACC/AHA)


Renal hemangioma

A rare hemangioma arising from the kidney.


Recurrent Malignant Urinary System Neoplasm

Reemergence of a malignant urinary system neoplasm after a period of remission.


Iron deficiency without anemia

Subnormal concentrations of iron resulting from low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or increased iron loss; occurring in the absence of anemia.


Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA (T1, N0, M0, G1-2, X); IB (T1, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2, GX).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0-1, M0, Any G). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced gastric carcinoma

Gastric carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to distal anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Cellulitis of pharynx

Cellulitis of the pharynx.


High grade cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia

Cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of severe dysplastic changes.


Extrahepatic bile duct cancer stage III

Stage III includes: T4, Any N, M0.  T4: Tumor invades any of the following main portal vein or its branches bilaterally, common hepatic artery, or other adjacent structures, such as the colon, stomach, duodenum, or abdominal wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Cerebellar Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the cerebellum.


Lymphoma by Lukes-Collins Classification (Antiquated)


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of morphologically malignant cells lining the acini and ducts.  The malignant cells are enlarged, contain prominent nucleoli, and have increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio.  The malignant cells may grow within the ducts and acini in four architectural patterns: flat, tufting, micropapillary, and cribriform.  The presence of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in needle biopsy is a risk factor for the subsequent detection of carcinoma on repeat biopsy.


Stage IV Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  N1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia, B/T/Myeloid, Not Otherwise Specified

A very rare mixed phenotype acute leukemia, not otherwise specified in which the blasts show evidence of trilineage (B-cell, T-cell, and myeloid lineage) assignment. (WHO 2017)


High Grade Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with high grade features.


EBV-Related Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder


Stage I Lentigo Maligna Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, without ulceration and mitosis less than 1/mm2.  T1b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, with ulceration or mitoses equal to or more than 1/mm2. T2a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Lacrimal Drainage System Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac. It is characterized by the presence of squamous cells, mucus producing cells, and cells of intermediate type.


Paratesticular tumor

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the paratesticular structures.


Pathologic Stage III Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-4, N1a(sn) or N1a, M0); (T0, N1b, M0); IIIB: (T1-4, N1b-3, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N1a(sn): Clinically occult regional lymph node metastasis identified only by sentinel lymph node biopsy. N1a: Clinically occult regional lymph node metastasis following lymph node dissection. N1b: Clinically and/or radiologically detected regional lymph node metastasis, microscopically confirmed. N2: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) without lymph node metastasis. N3: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) with lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hypothalamic Gangliocytoma

A tumor characterized by the presence of mature ganglion cells and neuronal differentiation, arising in the hypothalamus. It is often associated with the presence of pituitary gland adenomas. Symptoms include acromegaly and precocious puberty.


AIDS-Related Cervical Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the cervix in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.


First-degree perineal laceration during delivery

Injury to perineal skin only. (reVITALize)


Emaciation

An extreme loss of muscle and subcutaneous fat that is caused by malnutrition, and which results in a severely thin (emaciated) appearance.


P1 Hydronephrosis

Postnatal Hydronephrosis with the following clinical findings: 1) APRPD is 10 to less than 15 mm, 2) central calyceal dilation may be present, but peripheral calyceal dilation is considered to increase risk, 3) renal parenchyma should have normal thickness and appearance, 4) the ureter is not seen, and 5) the bladder is normal. If there is central calyceal dilation but the APRPD is less than 10 mm, it is still considered UTD P1. (Adapted from: Hiep T. Nguyen, Carol B. Benson, Bryann Bromley, Jeffrey B. Campbell, Jeanne Chow, Beverly Coleman, Christopher Cooper, Jude Crino, Kassa Darge, C.D. Anthony Herndon, Anthony O. Odibo, Michael J.G. Somers, Deborah R. Stein; Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system); Pediatric Urology; December 2014 Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 982-998)


Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy caused by mutation(s) in the TTR gene, encoding transthyretin.


Aerodigestive Invasive Malignancy

A finding indicating the presence of an invasive malignant neoplasm involving the respiratory tract and the upper digestive tract.


Stage IA Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Substance Intoxication Delirium

A disorder characterized by the acute and sudden development of changes in attention, memory, language and/or perception that can be etiologically linked to the direct physiological consequences of substance intoxication.


Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Tumor involves serosa and/or adnexa (direct extension or metastasis). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cutaneous Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm

A myeloid or lymphoid cell neoplasm involving the skin.


Adult Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

An undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma that arises from the bone and occurs during adulthood.


Stage IV Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: T1-T3, N3, M0-M1. T1: Tumor confined to the vulva and/or perineum. Multifocal lesions should be designated as such. The largest lesion or the lesion with the greatest depth of invasion will be the target lesion identified to address the highest pT stage. Depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelial-stromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion. T2: Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal third of the urethra, lower/distal third of the vagina, anal involvement). T3: Tumor of any size with extension to any of the following: upper/proximal two-thirds of the urethra, upper/proximal two-thirds of the vagina, bladder mucosa, or rectal mucosa; or fixed to pelvic bone. N3: Fixed or ulcerated regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (including pelvic lymph node metastasis). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Locally Advanced Lymphoma

Lymphoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


High Grade Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that is high grade.


Conditioned Insomnia

Insomnia that results from a developed tendency to not sleep well under particular conditions.


Broad Ligament Serous Cystadenoma

A rare serous cystadenoma arising from the broad ligament.


Adenocarcinoma in situ in villous adenoma

A non-invasive adenocarcinoma arising from a villous adenoma.


Childhood Gemistocytic Astrocytoma

A gemistocytic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Vaginal Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

Vaginal adenocarcinoma that derives from Wolffian duct remnants and shows mesonephric differentiation.


FIGO Stage IIB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Adult Acquired Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis acquired in adulthood.


High Grade Sarcoma

A sarcoma with the morphologic features of a high grade tumor and lack of differentiation.


Infusion Related Toxicity

Toxicity related to an infusion.


Locally Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant neoplasm after a period of remission at the site of the original tumor or adjacent to it.


Pediatric Obesity

A condition in which a child's body mass index (BMI) falls at or above the 95th percentile based on the normative values for the age and sex of the reference population.


Cerebellar Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that occurs in the cerebellum.


Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by ROSE Cluster

Unique gene expression-based patient cluster groups in high-risk B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia determined by Recognition of Outliers by Sampling Ends (ROSE).


Bilateral Proliferative Retinopathy

Proliferative retinopathy occurring in both eyes.


Stage IVB Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G).  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1b: Metastasis to other distant sites. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0). Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Umbilical hernia without mention of obstruction or gangrene

The protrusion of contents of the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall, at the site of the umbilicus, without mention of obstruction or necrosis of the herniated contents.


Locally Advanced Cervical Adenocarcinoma

A cervical adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Non-small cell carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the absence of neoplastic small epithelial cells. A representative example is the lung non-small cell carcinoma.


Tumors Derived from Langerhans Cells

This category includes two main sub-groups, according to the degree of cytological atypia and clinical aggressiveness: Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Langerhans cell sarcoma. (WHO 2017)


Racial Melanosis

A benign conjunctival finding noted especially among darker pigmented individuals. While it is typically found perilimbally and bilaterally, it can also cover the conjunctivae extensively and may present asymmetrically. The flat, non-cystic pigmentation may increase in size with age. It is rare to have this finding evolve into conjunctival melanoma.


Broad Ligament Wolffian Tumor

An epithelial neoplasm of Wolffian (mesonephric) origin arising from the broad ligament. Most tumors behave in a benign fashion.


Pathologic Stage IIID Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIID includes: T4b, N3a/b/c, M0. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N3a: Four or more clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N3b: Four or more nodal metastases, at least one of which was clinically detected, or presence of any number of matted nodes. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N3c: Two or more clinically occult nodal metastases. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with PML-RARA

The reemergence of acute promyelocytic leukemia with PML-RARA after a period of remission.


Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm that arises from the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, or appendix.


Idiopathic Dysplasia of Uncertain Significance

Prominent hematopoietic cell dysplasia with mild or absent cytopenia. It may progress to an overt myelodysplastic syndrome or other myeloid neoplasms such as acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasm, or mast cell disorder.


Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

A category of psychiatric disorders characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations or negative symptoms such as affective flattening.


Tubal Hyperplasia

Benign proliferation of the fallopian tube epithelium.


Abnormal Finding

A decision that an observation or result is outside the parameters considered normal.


Trichilemmal carcinoma

A rare malignant tumor arising from the outer hair sheath and infundibulum on the face. It is considered the malignant counterpart of tricholemmoma. Complete surgical excision is required.


Stage IIIB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T1/T2, N2a/N2b, M0).  T1: Invasive vulvar cancer confined to the vulva or perineum.  T2: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal 1/3 urethra, lower/distal 1/3 vagina, anal involvement).  N2a: Vulvar cancer with three or more lymph node metastases each measuring 5 mm or less.  N2b: Vulvar cancer with two or more lymph node metastases measuring 5 mm or greater.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Low Grade Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A gastric intraepithelial lesion characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with mild cytologic atypia, mild architectural changes, and low number of mitotic figures.


Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Lymphomatoid Papulosis-Like Histology

An anaplastic large cell lymphoma characterized by the presence of histopathologic features reminiscent of lymphomatoid papulosis. These features include the presence of Hodgkin-like cells in a background of acute and chronic inflammation.


Hodgkin's disease, lymphocytic depletion of lymph nodes of multiple sites

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Adenocarcinoma of the prostate stage III

Stage III includes: T3a-b, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason.  cT3a: Tumor with extracapsular extension (unilateral or bilateral).  pT3a: Tumor with extraprostatic extension or microscopic invasion of bladder neck.  T3b: Tumor invades seminal vesicle(s).  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Erosion lesion

An eating away or breakdown of any type of external or internal human tissue including but not limited to skin, teeth, mucosa, or somatic, which involves only the outer tissue layer. When tissue surrounds an implanted device, the tissue breakdown may result in migration and loss of the implant material and may result in further complications such as infection or abscess.


Unresectable Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma

Carcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Fistula of the female genital organs

An abnormal communication between a female reproductive system organ and another organ or cavity.


Carcinoma Metastatic to the Skin

A carcinoma that has spread to the skin from its original site of gowth.


Testicular Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the testis.  Representative examples include infection, torsion, and infarction.


Abnormal Blood Prolactin

A laboratory test result which indicates abnormal levels of prolactin hormone in the blood.


Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Metastatic Melanoma

Metastatic melanoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IV Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA (Any T, N0, M1a, Any G); IVB (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung.  M1b: Metastasis to other distant sites. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pancreatic Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the pancreas.  It is characterized by marked hepatocellular differentiation.


Stage I Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1a: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi. T1b: Tumor invading beyond the sphincter of Oddi (perisphincteric invasion) and/or into the duodenal submucosa. T2: Tumor invading into the muscularis propria of the duodenum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Mammary duct ectasia

Dilatation of the lumen of the mammary ducts without evidence of epithelial atypia.


Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

An infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the bladder that has not invaded into the bladder muscularis propria.


Non-Invasive Cribriform Carcinoma

A carcinoma characterized by the presence of a cribriform architectural pattern. There is no evidence of surrounding stromal invasion by the malignant cells.


Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia with Eosinophilia Associated with t(5;12)(q31;p12)

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of eosinophilia, PDGFRB gene rearrangement, and t(5;12)(q31;p12).


Stage IVB Oral Cavity Verrucous Carcinoma


Creatinine Level Finding

A finding that indicates the amount of creatinine in a sample.


Stage IVA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: T4, N0-1, M0. T4: Tumor invading the main portal vein or hepatic artery or invading two or more extrahepatic organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to mutation(s) in the gene UCP2, encoding mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2, which plays a role in attenuating insulin secretion.


Supratentorial Ependymoma

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises from the supratentorial region of the brain. The diagnosis of supratentorial ependymoma should be made either when genetic analysis did not reveal a fusion gene involving ZFTA or YAP1 genes (not elsewhere classified -NEC) or when the genetic analysis was unsuccessful or not reported (not otherwise specified-NOS).


Pediatric Disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which occurs during infancy, childhood, or adolescence.


Columnar Cell Change of the Breast with Atypia

A columnar cell lesion characterized by the presence of enlarged terminal ductal lobular units with dilated acini.  The acini are lined by one or two layers of columnar epithelial cells.  Cytologic atypia is present.


Asymptomatic Inflammatory Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate gland that is not associated with any symptoms. It is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the prostatic fluid.


Extramural Nodule

A small aggregate of cells found in adipose tissues, particularly those attached to the colon where the architectural details of the lymph node cannot be identified with certainty under the microscope.  It may represent a lymph node completely replaced by metastatic cancer.


Complete unbalanced atrioventricular canal defect

Atrioventricular septal defect in which there is usually a single dominant ventricle and a hypoplastic ventricle.


Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infection

A cytomegalovirus infection that is resistant to treatment.


Liver Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


AIDS-Related Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

A diffuse large cell lymphoma developing in an HIV positive patient.


Deletion of Chromosome 22 Associated Meningioma

A meningioma that is associated with deletion of chromosome 22.  This abnormality is the most consistent cytogenetic finding that is detected in meningiomas.


Mouth cyst

A cystic lesion located in the oral cavity.


Stage IB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T1, cN0, M0.  T1: Primary tumor equal or less than 2 cm in size.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis by clinical examination.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IV Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis.  (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Bone Schwannoma

A very rare schwannoma of the bone. It is often located in the mandible and is well circumscribed.


Esophageal dysplasia

A lesion that is characterized by architectural and cytologic abnormalities of the esophageal epithelium, and carries a predisposition for progression to invasive carcinoma.  Intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia) of the esophagus is graded as low or high grade.  In this two-tier system, severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ are included under the rubric of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and may have the same clinical implications.  (WHO, 2000)


Melanocytic matricoma

A rare benign pilar tumor with numerous intratumoral pigmented dendritic melanocytes. It typically affects elderly men. The most common location is the head and neck, followed by the trunk and the limbs. It manifests as a small, pigmented, purple or brownish-black papule or nodule. (WHO 2018)


Stage II Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades paravaginal tissues but not to pelvic wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage II

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in a with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Lower Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left lower sternal border.


Childhood Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that occurs during childhood.


Infant Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia

An acute undifferentiated leukemia that occurs in infancy.


Acute gastritis

Acute inflammation of the stomach.


Stage IIIA Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a, N1, M0); (T3b, N1, M0). T1a: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi. T1b: Tumor invading beyond the sphincter of Oddi (perisphincteric invasion) and/or into the duodenal submucosa. T2: Tumor invading into the muscularis propria of the duodenum. T3a: Tumor directly invading the pancreas (up to 0.5 cm). T3b: Tumor extending more than 0.5 cm into the pancreas, or extending into peripancreatic tissue or duodenal serosa without involvement of the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery. N1: Metastasis to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Argentaffinoma

A carcinoid tumor that shows atypical characteristics and has borderline malignant potential.


Closed dislocation

A dislocation not complicated by an external wound


Sickle Beta 0 Thalassemia

A form of sickle cell thalassemia characterized by the absence of hemoglobin A. Patients usually have severe anemia identical to that seen in sickle cell disease.


Substance-induced sleep disorder

A sleep disorder (insomnia, hypersomnia, or parasomnia) for which there is strong evidence that the disorder is etiologically linked to the direct physiological effects of a substance (i.e., a drug of abuse, a medication, or toxin exposure).


Unresectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia without MLL Gene Rearrangement

An acute lymphoblastic leukemia without rearrangement of the MLL (KMT2A) gene that occurs in infancy.


Malposition of uterus

Orientation of the uterus in an unusual anatomic location or position.


Refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Stage III Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA1: T1/2, N1, M0; IIIA2: T3a, N0/N1, M0; IIIB: T3b, N0/N1, M0; IIIC: T3c, N0/N1, M0. T1: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tube(s). T2: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor involving fallopian tubes with pelvic extension below pelvic brim. T3a: Fallopian tube cancer with microscopic extrapelvic (above the pelvic brim) peritoneal involvement with or without positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes. T3b: Fallopian tube cancer with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis 2 cm or less in greatest dimension with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. T3c: Fallopian tube cancer with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond the pelvis more than 2 cm in greatest dimension with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes (includes extension of tumor to capsule of liver and spleen without parenchymal involvement of either organ). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (histologically confirmed). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Type II Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return in which the pulmonary veins drain into the right atrium via the coronary sinus.


Taste Disorders

Conditions characterized by an alteration in the ability to perceive taste.


Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4-Alpha Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to mutation(s) in the gene HNF4A, encoding the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha. This condition may progress to diabetes later in life.


Lateral developmental cyst of jaw

A developmental odontogenic cyst lined by non-keratinized epithelium, occurring on the lateral aspect or between the roots of erupted teeth. (WHO 2017)


Cystine urolithiasis

Urolithiasis in which the composition of the stones is predominantly cystine.


Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis and ureter cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to renal pelvis and ureter urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma, including histologic variants micropapillary and nested subtypes. It does not apply to renal cell carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), renal medullary carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), collecting duct carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney),  lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and mesenchymal tumors (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Megacystis - Megaureter

A condition characterized by a large capacity, thin-walled bladder and megaureter(s).


Condyloma Acuminatum with Dysplasia

Condyloma acuminatum that is associated with the presence of dysplastic epithelial changes.


Adenoma, Trabecular

A benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of a trabecular glandular architectural pattern.


Recurrent Adult Brain Neoplasm

The reemergence of brain neoplasm in adulthood after a period of remission.


Stage 0is Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0is includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Carcinoma in situ. For prostatic urethra: Carcinoma in situ involving the prostatic urethra or periurethral or prostatic ducts without stromal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma in villous adenoma

A non-invasive or invasive adenocarcinoma arising from a villous adenoma.


Advanced Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anal canal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IB Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: (T2, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX).  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


FIGO Stage IIIA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Acquired Cataract

Cataract that results from the aging process, an injury, or as a manifestation of a systemic disorder.


Stage IIIC1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with pelvic lymph node metastasis only. (FIGO 2018)


Recurrent Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

The reemergence of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Ampulla of Vater Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma

A very rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater.  It is usually of the intestinal type and is characterized by the presence of malignant polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm resembling hepatocytes.


Stage IA Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Bladder Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

A rare bladder adenocarcinoma with the histologic characteristics of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.


Lymphoma stage II

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Appendix Tubular Carcinoid

A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the appendix.  It does not show the morphologic characteristics of typical carcinoid tumors (neoplastic cells forming solid nests). In contrast, the tumor cells form small discrete tubules.


Merkel Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

A term that refers to the pathologic staging of Merkel cell carcinoma (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


Smoldering Systemic Mastocytosis

Slowly progressive systemic mastocytosis with uncertain prognosis. It is characterized by organomegaly and absence of aggressive disease.


Fibrolipoma

A benign well-circumscribed tumor composed of mature adipocytes, characterized by areas of abundant fibrous tissue.


Stage IIA Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (Any pT/TX, N1, M0, S0); (Any pT/TX, N1, M0, S1). TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N1: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and less than or equal to five nodes positive, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. S1: LDH less than 1.5 x N and hCG (mlU/mL) less than 5,000 and AFP (ng/mL) less than 1,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for adult Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Stage IVA Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor has involved (biopsy-proven) the mucosa of the bladder or rectum, or has spread to adjacent organs. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Placental site nodule

A non-neoplastic trophoblastic disorder characterized by the presence of remnants of intermediate trophoblasts in the uterine cavity and infrequently the fallopian tube from a previous pregnancy.


Congenital anomaly of eyelid

The abnormal formation of the eyelid that is present at the time of birth.


Prostate Adenocarcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation

An invasive prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells that exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation.


Body Fluid Leakage

The loss of any normal body fluid into the surrounding tissue or body cavity.


Congenital postural scoliosis

Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine that is present at birth.


Intestinal Stoma Prolapse

An intestinal stoma complication characterized by protrusion of the intestine above the abdominal surface.


Cellular Blue Nevus

A blue nevus characterized by a multinodular cellular infiltrate with a dumb-bell architecture occupying the reticular dermis. The cellular infiltrate often extends into the subcutaneous tissue. The cellular infiltrate is composed of spindle-shaped melanocytes with pale cytoplasm alternating with bundles of pigmented spindle-shaped melanocytes. In occasional cases an increased mitotic activity, focal necrosis, and nuclear pleomorphism may be seen. Such cases with atypical features may have an uncertain malignant potential.


Elevated CA19-9

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of an increased level of the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) CA19-9 in a biological sample.


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Peritoneum

A carcinoma that has spread to the peritoneum from an adjacent or distal anatomic site.


Clinical Stage IV Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any cT, Any N, cM1 or pM1, Any H. cM1: Distant metastasis without microscopic confirmation. pM1: Distant metastasis with microscopic confirmation. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Endometrial Transitional Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial transitional cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Low Grade Glioma

Low grade glioma that is resistant to treatment.


Oxyntic Gland Adenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm composed of columnar cells with differentiation to chief cells, parietal cells, or both, with a high rate of progression to adenocarcinoma (submucosal invasion). (WHO 2019)


Adult Non-T Non-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Non-T non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during adulthood.


Stage IIB Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Stomach: tumor penetrates subserosa; jejunum/ileum: tumor invades through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa or invades into non-peritonealized tissues; ampulla/duodenum: tumor invades pancreas or retroperitoneum or into non-peritonealized tissues; colon or rectum: tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Non-Obstructed Non-Refluxing Megaureter

A megaureter in which there is no obstruction at the ureterovesical junction and no vesicoureteral reflux.


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis stage IV

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with an Undifferentiated Carcinomatous Component

A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of a component with undifferentiated malignant cells.


Stage III Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and is less than or equal to 1 cm in size. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or is greater than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lugano Classification Stage I Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymphatic site (i.e., nodal region, Waldeyer's ring, thymus, or spleen). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IB2 Cervical Cancer

Stage IB2 includes: T1b2, N0, M0.  T1b2: Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


High Grade Esophageal Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal glandular epithelium.


Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by a pattern of indirect expression of hostility, including negativistic attitudes and passive resistance to demands for adequate performance in social and occupational situations.


Refractory Sarcoma

A sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Esophageal mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the esophagus.


Transferase Deficiency Galactosemia

A disorder characterized by the body's inability to metabolize galactose. This type of galactosemia is caused by germline mutations in the GALT gene which leads to the inhibition in the activity of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase.


Radiating Chest Pain in Back

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the back.


BCOR ITD Sarcoma

A group of rare primitive round cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of BCOR internal tandem duplication. This genetic alteration has been described in infantile undifferentiated round cell sarcomas and primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumors of infancy.


Refractory Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis that does not respond to treatment.


Urinary Tract Fistula

An abnormal communication between any part of the urinary system and another organ or cavity.


Mast Cell Leukemia Associated with Another Hematological Neoplasm

Mast cell leukemia associated with another clonal non-mast cell hematologic neoplasm (e.g., myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myeloproliferative disorder, acute myeloid leukemia, and lymphoma).


Extrahepatic bile duct cancer stage I

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor confined to the bile duct histologically.  T2: Tumor invades beyond the wall of the bile duct.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IIB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T1-2, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 2. T1: Prostate cancer with clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable. T2: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is palpable and confined within the prostate. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Ocular Graft Versus Host Disease

Graft versus host disease occurring in the eye.


Liver Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An extremely rare neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms).


Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1b: Tumor invades one-half or more of the myometrium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pancreatobiliary Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas, bile ducts, gallbladder, or ampulla of Vater.


Refractory Acute Bilineal Leukemia

Acute bilineal leukemia that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Endometrial Carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment


Disorder by Site

A term that refers to the classification of a disorder according to the anatomic site that is involved in the pathologic process.


Jejunal fistula

An abnormal communication between the jejunum and another organ or cavity.


Malignant Lymphoma Follicular, Large Noncleaved Cell Type


Symmetric Chest Appearance

Inspection of the region of the anterior surface of the chest and epigastrium reveals an approximate correspondence of form and constituent configuration on opposite sides of a vertical central dividing line.


Esophageal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Childhood Fibrillary Astrocytoma

A fibrillary astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Cervical Florid Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia

A dense, superficial benign lymphoid cell proliferation in the cervix. It almost always occurs in premenopausal women. It is composed of a mixture of large and small lymphocytes including immunoblasts. Plasma cells and neutrophils are also present. Immunohistochemical studies reveal a mixture of B and T lymphocytes, and polytypic plasma cells.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to ureter

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the ureter from another anatomic site.


Lugano Classification Stage IE Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IE: Single extralymphatic site in the absence of nodal involvement (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Resectable Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Refractory Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Venous Thrombosis Related to Vascular Access Complication

The formation of a thrombus in the vein as a direct result of an activity associated with vascular access.


Adult Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that occurs during adulthood.


Radial scar

A benign breast lesion characterized by the presence of fibrosis with stellate appearance in the parenchyma.  The lesions are often multiple and bilateral.  Grossly, the lesions are irregular and firm and resemble carcinoma.  Microscopically, the stellate lesions are composed of dense, hyalinized collagen.  Entrapped in the collagen are tubules.  There is no evidence of cytologic atypia.


Non-Encapsulated Neoplasm

A neoplasm that is non-capsulated.


Cranial Nerve Injuries

Injury to, or disease of, the cranial nerve


Human Papillomavirus-Related Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Adnexal mass

An abnormal growth in the ovary, fallopian tube, or surrounding connective tissue.


Non-ischemic Stroke

Any stroke that is not related to an obstructed blood vessel.


Delusional disorder, grandiose type

A subtype of delusional disorder characterized by the central delusional theme that the individual has special worth, power, knowledge, or a special relationship to a famous person or deity.


Recurrent Childhood Anaplastic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of anaplastic astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Miniature Adult Form of AHC

An autosomal recessive or sporadic form of adrenal hypoplasia congenita frequently associated with central nervous system anomalies including anencephaly and pituitary defects. Histologically the adrenal gland is distinguished by the absence of fetal adrenal cortex and the presence of a small amount of normal, permanent adult adrenal cortex.


Congenital Coronary Artery Abnormality

A congenital condition referring to defects of the course and structure of the coronary arteries.


Benign Adult Cerebellar Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm of the cerebellum occurring in adults.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with Small Nonvillous Papillae


Stage IB Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: (T2, N0, M0, G1 or GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1 or GX). T2: Tumor measuring more than 8 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G1: Well differentiated, low grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic basal cell carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the basal cells and has metastasized to another anatomic site.