alkylated DNA binding

Binding to an alkylated residue in DNA.


Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial-Like Tumor of the Septum Pellucidum

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A very rare, low-grade midline brain neoplasm that affects the septum pellucidum. It is characterized by similar histological features to those found in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, but does not display multinodularity. It usually manifests with symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure. Epilepsy has been reported in approximately one third of patients. PDGFRA gene mutations have been identified in the majority of patients. Alterations in FGFR1 and NF1 genes have also been reported. BRAF mutations which represent the most common molecular alteration found in cortical dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, were absent in this rare group of midline tumors.


spermine synthase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + spermidine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermine.


insect embryonic/larval sensillum

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larva (UBERON:6001727).


insect embryonic/larval head sensillum

Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730).


Parathyroid Gland Lipoadenoma

A parathyroid gland adenoma that contains mature adipocytes.


SCF-Grr1/Pof2 ubiquitin ligase complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Grr1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof2 in S. pombe).


ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + Ecdysone + O2 = 20-hydroxyecdysone + A + H2O.


axial mesodermal cell fate specification

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


vascular plexus

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A vascular network formed by frequent anastomoses between the blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a part.


Thyroid Gland Cavernous Hemangioma

A rare cavernous hemangioma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Thyroid Gland Benign Vascular Neoplasm

A rare benign vascular neoplasm that arises from the thyroid gland. This category includes hemangiomas, cavernous hemangiomas, and lymphangiomas.


Thyroid Gland Hemangioma

A rare hemangioma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Thyroid Gland Lymphangioma

An extremely rare lymphangioma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Posterior Triangle Lymph Node Group (Sublevels VA and VB)

This group is composed predominantly of the lymph nodes located along the lower half of the spinal accessory nerve and the transverse cervical artery. The supraclavicular nodes also are included in the posterior triangle group. The superior boundary is the apex formed by the convergence of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles; the inferior boundary is the clavicle; the anterior (medial) boundary is the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; and the posterior (lateral) boundary is the anterior border of the trapezius muscle. Thus, sublevel VA includes the spinal accessory nodes, whereas sublevel VB includes the nodes following the transverse cervical vessels and the supraclavicular nodes, with the exception of the Virchow node, which is located in level IV. The posterior triangle nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and cutaneous structures of the posterior scalp and neck. (AJCC 8th ed.)


cervical lymph node

Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted].


Submandibular Lymph Node Group (Sublevel IB)

Lymph nodes within the boundaries of the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle, the stylohyoid muscle, and the body of the mandible. These include the preglandular and the postglandular nodes and the prevascular and postvascular nodes. The submandibular gland is included in the specimen when the lymph nodes within the triangle are removed. These nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the oral cavity, anterior nasal cavity, skin, and soft tissue structures of the midface, as well as from the submandibular gland. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Middle Jugular Lymph Node Group (Level III)

Lymph nodes located around the middle third of the internal jugular vein, extending from the inferior border of the hyoid bone (above) to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (below). The anterior (medial) boundary is the lateral border of the sternohyoid muscle, and the posterior (lateral) boundary is the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Submental Lymph Node Group (Sublevel IA)

Lymph nodes within the triangular boundary of the anterior belly of the digastric muscles and the hyoid bone. These nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the floor of mouth, anterior oral tongue, anterior mandibular alveolar ridge, and lower lip. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Upper Jugular Lymph Node Group (Sublevels IIA and IIB)

Lymph nodes located around the upper third of the internal jugular vein and adjacent spinal accessory nerve, extending from the level of the skull base (above) to the level of the inferior border of the hyoid bone (below). The anterior (medial) boundary is the stylohyoid muscle (the radiologic correlate is the vertical plane defined by the posterior surface of the submandibular gland) and the posterior (lateral) boundary is the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Sublevel IIA nodes are located anterior (medial) to the vertical plain defined by the spinal accessory nerve. Sublevel IIB nodes are located posterior (lateral) to the vertical plane defined by the spinal accessory nerve (the radiologic correlate is the lateral border of the internal jugular on a contrast-enhanced CT scan). The upper jugular nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the oral cavity, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and parotid gland. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lower jugular lymph node

Lymph nodes located around the lower third of the internal jugular vein, extending from the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (above) to the clavicle below. The anterior (medial) boundary is the lateral border of the sternohyoid muscle and the posterior (lateral) boundary is the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the hypopharynx, thyroid, cervical esophagus, and larynx. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Superior Mediastinal Lymph Node Group (Level VII)

Lymph nodes in this group include pretracheal, paratracheal, and esophageal groove lymph nodes, extending from the level of the suprasternal notch cephalad and up to the innominate artery caudad. These nodes are at greatest risk of involvement by thyroid cancer and cancer of the esophagus. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anterior Compartment Lymph Node Group (Level VI)

Lymph nodes in this compartment include the pretracheal and paratracheal nodes, precricoid (Delphian) node, and the perithyroidal nodes, including the lymph nodes along the recurrent laryngeal nerves. The superior boundary is the hyoid bone; the inferior boundary is the suprasternal notch; and the lateral boundaries are the common carotid arteries. These nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the thyroid gland, glottic and subglottic larynx, apex of the piriform sinus, and cervical esophagus. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, Any N, M0. T3b: extending to pelvic wall and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


glomerular basement membrane

The layer of extracellular matrix that lies between the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes of the inner or visceral layer of the Bowman capsule; it is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas and acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter.


pronephric glomerular basement membrane

A glomerular basement membrane that is part of a pronephros.


negative regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


Peritoneal mesothelioma malignant recurrent

The reemergence of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma after a period of remission.


Mesothelioma malignant recurrent

The reemergence of malignant mesothelioma after a period of remission


xylan endo-1,3-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.


xylanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylans, homopolysaccharides composed of xylose residues.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl links in some glucuronoarabinoxylans.


endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.


xylan 1,3-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of successive xylose residues from the non-reducing termini of (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.


xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylans so as to remove successive D-xylose residues from the non-reducing termini.


exoxylanase activity

A xylanase activity that acts on one of the ends of a xylan polymer which does not contain side chains.


establishment of myocardial progenitor cell apical/basal polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an myocardial progenitor cell that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of a camera-type eye.


establishment of proximal/distal cell polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its proximal/distal axis.


imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection

Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally.


Thoracic Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the thoracic esophagus.


positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.


mitochondrial chromosome packaging

A process in which mitochondrial chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure.


secondary ovarian follicle

A maturing ovarian follicle that has two more more layers of granulosa cells, up to the onset of antrum formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl derivative + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl derivative + CMP + H(+).


uridine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxycinnamate + UDP.


Stage II Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Mad-Max-mSin3B complex

A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3B, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.


translation initiation ternary complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.


DL-Phenylalanine

An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.


cytokinin binding

Binding to a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 10-oxabenzo(def)chrysen-9-one + formate + H+.


deoxyuridine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxyuridine + phosphate = uracil + deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


Clinical Stage 0 Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: In situ primary tumor. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Merkel Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of Merkel cell carcinoma (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


Clinical Stage IV Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: T0-4, Any N, M1. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. M1: Distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2-3, N0, M0. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage II Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2-3, N0, M0); IIB: (T4, N0, M0). T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage III Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T0-4, N1-3, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). N2: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) without lymph node metastasis. N3: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) with lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage I Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


positive regulation of cellular response to heat

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.


levopimaradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = abieta-8(14),12-diene + diphosphate.


proliferating neuroepithelium

An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells.


germinal neuroepithelium

The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells.


neural tube ventricular layer

The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium.


cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of a cytokinin to a receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Small Intestinal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


external iliac vein

A large vein that connects the femoral vein to the common iliac vein. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,modified].


negative regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


positive regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


positive regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


negative regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


Recurrent Rectal Cancer

The reemergence of rectal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Rectal adenocarcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of rectal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Radiating Chest Pain in Abdomen

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the abdomen.


polyatomic cation

A cation consisting of more than one atom.


phosphocholines

Any compound having phosphocholine as part of its structure.


An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of pyridoxamine arising from selective protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


(S)-Bethanechol

The (S)-enantiomer of bethanechol.


ammonium ion derivative

A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc).


A primary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of thiamine(1+) resulting from the protonation of the primary amino group.


(R)-Bethanechol

The (R)-enantiomer of bethanechol.


acylcholine

A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid.


cholines

A quaternary ammonium ion based on the choline ion and its substituted derivatives thereof.


quaternary ammonium ion

A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups.


endosome lysis involved in viral entry into host cell

Viral-induced lysis of the endosome involved in uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the viral contents from the endosome into the host cell cytoplasm.


lysis of host organelle involved in viral entry into host cell

The viral-induced lysis of an organelle (endosome, lysosome, or caveosome) that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs once the virus is within the organelle, and results in transfer of the viral contents from the organelle compartment into the cytoplasm.


macropinosome lysis involved in viral entry into host cell

Viral-induced lysis of the macropinosome involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs after internalization of the virus in a macropinosome, and results in the release of viral contents from the macropinosome into the host cell cytoplasm.


Lumbar Spine Joint Range of Motion Decreased

Decreased flexibility of a lumbar spine joint.


interventricular septum

Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA].


interatrial septum

A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart.


Structure of atrioventricular septum

The junction where the tissue of the atrial septum and the ventricular septum meet.


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney (unless known to be due to another cause). (FIGO 2018)


bone marrow microvessel

Microvessel located in the bone marrow, including arterioles and sinusoids.


positive regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of androgen biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen biosynthetic process.


regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Calcification

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to the accumulation of calcium on the valve tissue. This most often results in stenosis of the valve.


Leaflet Disruption

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve, often resutling in dysfunction of the valve.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Infection

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to infection affecting the valve tissue, which can result in valvular dysfunction.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Unknown Cause

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve without an identifiable cause.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Host Tissue Overgrowth

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to an increase in tissue mass at the valve site, which can lead to valve dysfunction. This often happens as a result of fibrosis of tissue surrounding the suture line of a prosthetic valve.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Suture Abrasion

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to irritation by surgical sutures, which can result in valvular dysfunction.


Vulvar Fibroadenoma

A benign epithelial-stromal neoplasm that arises from the vulva and resembles the breast fibroadenoma.


Fibroadenoma of Anogenital Mammary-Type Glands

A benign epithelial-stromal neoplasm that arises from the perineum and resembles the breast fibroadenoma.


Anal Fibroadenoma

A benign epithelial-stromal neoplasm that arises from the anus and resembles the breast fibroadenoma.


Esophageal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve either the lower or both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal squamous epithelium.


High Grade Esophageal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal squamous epithelium.


Low Grade Esophageal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities are confined to the lower half of the esophageal squamous epithelium.


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Liver

Infiltration of the hepatic sinusoids by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of plasma cell myeloma.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-cysteine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.


cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.


beta-alanopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-beta-alanopine + H2O + NAD+ = beta-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


myristoyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + tetradecanoate + coenzyme A.


negative regulation of dauer larval development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


negative regulation of post-embryonic development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.


negative regulation of dauer entry

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.


negative regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


negative regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


negative regulation of pupariation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of onset of pupariation.


negative regulation of flower development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


negative regulation of lateral root development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.


negative regulation of stomatal complex development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.


negative regulation of nematode larval development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


negative regulation of vulval development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


negative regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.


negative regulation of seed germination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.


negative regulation of thermomorphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


Percentage Body Weight Gain

The amount of weight gained over a period of time in relation to the total weight.


A secondary amino compound that is ammonia in which nitrogen is substituted by a 1-(4-methoxy-3-sulfamoylphenyl)propan-2-yl group and a 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl group.


fibular nerve

Any nerve that innervates the fibularis. Includes the common fibular nerve, and its branches.


Stage IIIA Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High. T3: Tumor more than 5 cm, but not more than 10 cm, in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


neurexin clustering involved in presynaptic membrane assembly

The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the presynaptic membrane in which neurexins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neurexins are synaptic cell surface proteins which act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.


glycine receptor clustering

The receptor clustering process in which glycine receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


cardiac left atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.


cardiac atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


cardiac right atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.


L-proline betaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.


U2 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U2 snRNA molecule.


snRNA capping

The addition of a methylphosphate cap at the 5'-end of 7SK snRNA (7SK RNA). Capping 7SK RNA stabilizes it.


U6 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U6 snRNA molecule.


alignment of 3' and 5' splice sites of mRNA

Recognition of both the 5' and 3'-splice sites and positioning them in the correct alignment with respect to each other so that the second catalytic step of nuclear mRNA splicing can occur.


Sulfate

A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid.


response to host iron concentration

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting iron concentration in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles.


regulation of post-lysosomal vacuole size

Any process that modulates the volume of a post-lysosomal vacuole, a membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.


regulation of multivesicular body size involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin.


aromatic primary alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic primary alcohol.


Long-Term Effects Secondary to Cancer Therapy in Adults

Side effects of cancer treatment received during adulthood occurring a long time after the treatment was completed.


microtubule site clamp

The binding activity of a molecule that attaches the spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


Hemangioendothelioma, benign

A benign vascular proliferation characterized by the presence of prominent endothelial cells and the formation of vascular channels.


regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A cellular carbohydrate catabolic process that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and either glyceraldehyde or glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by dehydration and aldol cleavage via a gluconate or 6-phosphogluconate intermediate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through 6-phosphogluconate

A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II, in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


Stage IIIA Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a colorectal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to colorectal "carcinoid" tumors (neuroendocrine tumor G1 and G2, and rare-well differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon and rectum are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage I Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 2 cm or less. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIB Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIB Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage IIIB Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 2 cm or less. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or measuring more than 2 cm with invasion of the lamina propria or submucosa. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIB Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a rectal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to rectal "carcinoid" tumors (neuroendocrine tumor G1 and G2, and rare-well differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the rectum are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIB Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage IIA Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or measuring more than 2 cm with invasion of the lamina propria or submucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIA Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a colon neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to colon "carcinoid" tumors (neuroendocrine tumor G1 and G2, and rare-well differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIIB Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage I Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage IIIA Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage IIA Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage IIIA Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


U6atac snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6atac, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U6atac snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U6atac snRNA both while the U6atac snRNP is free or assembled into the U4atac/U6atac snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


adenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


adenosine salvage

Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


cellulose catabolism by endo-processive cellulases

The breakdown into simpler components of cellulose. Catabolism is initiated by endohydrolytic attacks on the cellulose chain, and the resulting pieces are further degraded by cellulase enzymes to produce smaller and smaller fragments.


beta-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-glucans.


anaerobic cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, in absence of oxygen.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


(1->6)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, malignant

A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor characterized by the presence of nuclear atypia, high mitotic activity, increased cellularity, marked pleomorphism, and necrosis. It usually develops in lesions that have recurred locally and metastasizes to other sites.


negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


mastoid lymph node

The mastoid lymph nodes (retroauricular lymph nodes, posterior auricular glands), usually two in number, are situated on the mastoid insertion of the Sternocleidomastoideus, beneath the Auricularis posterior. Their afferent vessels drain the posterior part of the temporoparietal region, the upper part of the cranial surface of the auricula or pinna, and the back of the external acoustic meatus; their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands.


actinomycete-type spore formation

The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed from a substrate mycelium; characteristic of many members of the order Actinomycetales.


mating type switching

The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to trachea

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the trachea from another anatomic site.


negative regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


negative regulation of timing of anagen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


negative regulation of hair follicle placode formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.


negative regulation of timing of exogen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


negative regulation of timing of catagen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.


positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency or rate of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + methanethiol = L-methionine + acetate. Also reacts with other thiols and H2S, producing homocysteine or thioethers.


thromboxane-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = thromboxane A(2).


positive regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


positive regulation of zygospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.


positive regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


positive regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.


positive regulation of oospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.


chromosome, subtelomeric region

A region of the chromosome, adjacent to the telomere (on the centromeric side) that contains repetitive DNA and sometimes genes. This region is usually heterochromatin.


polytene chromosome puff

A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription.


chromosome, telomeric repeat region

A complex of DNA and protein that seals the end of a chromosome. The telomeric repeat DNA consists of simple tandemly repeated sequences specific for each species. Typically one strand is G-rich and the other C-rich. The G-rich strand forms a 3'-terminal overhang, the length of which varies with species. The single strand overhang is bound by a variety of proteins, including telomere capping proteins that bind to the single-stranded DNA and seal the telomeric loop.


polytene chromosome band

A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band.


polytene chromosome interband

A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands.


chromosome, centromeric core domain

The innermost portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome, encompassing the core region of a chromosome centromere and the proteins that bind to it.


equatorial microtubule organizing center assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an equatorial microtubule organizing center.


Bilateral Synchronous Sporadic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Non-hereditary renal cell carcinoma arising from a kidney and detected in the other kidney within six months of the first primary. The majority are clear cell renal cell carcinomas.


Kidney Germ Cell Tumor

A rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the kidney.


mannose-6-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.


pole cell migration

The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form.


cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-arginine-adding)

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp + L-arginine = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n+1.


aldonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aldonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


maintenance of stationary phase in response to toxin

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to a build-up of toxins in the environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-mannosamine + NAD+ = N-acyl-D-mannosaminolactone + H+ + NADH.


endoplasmic reticulum-autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an ER membrane and an autophagosome during reticulophagy.


posterior neural plate formation

The formation of posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


N-acylethanolamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


discadenine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-dimethylallyladenine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + discadenine + H+.


ripoptosome assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)benzoate + H+ + UDP.


anoxia protection

Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from anoxia, which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to anoxia.


oculomotor nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


positive regulation of protein refolding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein refolding.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichol-phosphate + UDP-D-xylose = dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + UDP.


N6-methyl-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysine + H2O + O2 = L-lysine + formaldehyde + H2O2.


interleukin-35 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-35 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


unsaturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and one or more unsaturated C-C bonds.


quercetin 3-sophoroside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl(1->2)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine in mRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(1)-methyladenine in mRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


quercitrinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + quercitrin = L-rhamnose + quercetin.


histone H3K18 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18).


beta-alanine catabolic process to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis.


succinylornithine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


diakinesis

The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-(3S,4R)-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofluorene = 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


lung pattern specification process

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the lung, to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


geraniol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving geraniol.


arginine deiminase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine and CO2, using the enzyme arginine deiminase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde + O2 + H2O <=> H+ + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.


vellosimine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vellosimine.


3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


sulfate adenylyltransferase (ADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H+ + sulfate = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + phosphate.


regulation of D-xylose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.


histone H4K12 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone H4 protein.


cellular response to amyloid-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus.


establishment of localization

Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.


heart rudiment involution

The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.


mannitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


rRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate + carbamoyl-phosphate = phosphate + a 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem.


macrophage homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of macrophage cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by macrophage migration inhibitory factor binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


hyphopodium formation

The process in which a specialized structure, consisted of stalked, thick-walled, lobed cells of vegetative epiphytic hyphae, is formed, to attach and penetrate the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I transmembrane protein complex. One mechanism of suppression is by direct inhibition of host tapasin, a type I transmembrane protein essential for the optimal expression of stable MHC class I molecules on the host cell surface. By inhibiting host tapasin activity, viruses can prevent presentation of their antigens at the cell surface, and thereby evade the host anti-viral immune response.


induction by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

The activation by a symbiont of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


histone H3R17 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 17) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 17). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 17 of histone H3.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + a dihydroceramide = UDP + H+ + a D-glucosyl-N-acylsphinganine.


scutellarein 7-methyl ether 4'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scutellarein 7-methyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> ladanein + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-21 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


pyrogallol 1,2-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + pyrogallol = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + 2 H+.


ephedrine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD+ = (R)-2-methylimino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol + 2 H+ + NADH.


regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


inositol tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (containing 2-phosphate) + ADP.


anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + H+ + an anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside = coenzyme A + H+ + an anthocyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucoside].


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


trichodiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.


modulation of host virulence by virus

A process by which a virus improves the virulence of its host for that host's respective host. Common in but not limited to bacteriophages; also occurs in phage-bearing bacteria infecting plants or animals for example. Mechanisms include the expression of factors that modulate a bacterial adhesion to a host cell, spread through host tissues, production of exotoxins or provide protection against host immune defenses.


lateral line nerve glial cell migration

The movement of a glial cell along the axons in a lateral line nerve.


5S rRNA primary transcript binding

Binding to an unprocessed 5S ribosomal RNA transcript.


Catalysis of the reactions: taurochenodeoxycholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taurohyocholate + NADP+ + H2O, and lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + NADP+ + H2O.


non-myelinated axon ensheathment in central nervous system

The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane encircles an axon in the central nervous system.


trans-ACOHDA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate + H2O = fumarylpyruvate + NH3.


GAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAA codon.


6-phospho-beta-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside + H2O = 6-phospho-D-galactose + an alcohol.


rosmarinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate = CoA + rosmarinate.


proteasome-nuclear membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a proteasome complex and a nuclear inner membrane, to maintain the nuclear membrane localization of the proteasome.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.


negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.


cobalt ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cobalt (Co) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


response to low humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of low humidity stimulus, reduced moisture in the atmosphere.


positive regulation of hypoxanthine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


malate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H+.


anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


negative regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: tricoumaroyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: oxalate + succinyl-CoA = oxalyl-CoA + succinate.


photorespiration

A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria.


funalenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of funalenone.


serine racemase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of free D-serine from L-serine.


regulation of systemic acquired resistance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


larval heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper.


renal capsule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a renal capsule from unspecified parts. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.


negative regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


anterior neural tube closure

The step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired anterior neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.


choline sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + choline = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + choline sulfate + H+.


negative regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


maintenance of protein location in chloroplast

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a chloroplast, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


complement component C3a receptor activity

Combining with the C3a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-L-dihydrostreptose + streptidine 6-phosphate = O-(1->4)-alpha-L-dihydrostreptosyl-streptidine 6-phosphate + dTDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone.


negative regulation of foraging behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.


fructose 6-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-6-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


Lands organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Lands, a class of nuclear body that react against SP140 auto-antibodies.


regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside + UDP(3-).


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-beta-hydroxytaxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2alpha, 7-beta-dihydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


anterior neural plate formation

The formation of anterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


menstrual cycle

A type of ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.


envenomation resulting in muscle damage in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism.


RNA ligase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ribonucleotide(n) + ribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + ribonucleotide(n+m).


benzoylformate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoylformate = benzaldehyde + CO2.


germacrene C synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = germacrene C + diphosphoric acid.


viral capsid assembly

The assembly of a virus capsid from its protein subunits.


Catalysis of the transfer of an oleoyl (systematic name, (9Z)-octadecenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] = diphosphate + adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].


glutamate catabolic process to 4-hydroxybutyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into 4-hydroxybutyrate.


regulation of galactomannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.


maltodextrin water dikinase

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a maltodextrin = AMP + hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin.


poly(alpha-L-guluronate) lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing a terminal alpha-L-guluronate group = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing a terminal a-L-guluronate group, to give oligopolysaccharides with 4-deoxy-a-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.


envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.


mitigation of host defenses by symbiont

A process by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide.


response to ribavirin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ribavirin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA + succinate.


choline biosynthetic process via N-monomethylethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate N-monomethylethanolamine.


proton motive force-driven plasma membrane ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5B + S-adenosylmethionine = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 6A.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


dense core granule docking

The initial attachment of a dense core granule membrane to the plasma membrane.


protein-glycine ligase activity, elongating

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a glycine residue covalently attached to the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue on a target protein, resulting in the elongation of a polyglycine side chain.


isopeptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within peptide chains, where either the amino group or the carboxyl group, or both, are not attached to the alpha carbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + NAD(P)+ = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + NAD(P)H + H+.


iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide

The incorporation of iron and molybdenum into a Mo-7Fe-8S iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide, found in nitrogenase.


ethylene-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the reception of ethylene (ethene, C2H4) by a receptor and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


gliotoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltopentaose

The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltopentaose.


response to carbendazim

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + NH3.


myoblast fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


protein catabolic process at presynapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a presynapse.


malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + CO2.


The attachment of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane to a peroxisome via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.


pentitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(P)+ = 3-sulfopyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+.


cyclohexanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexanol, the monohydroxy derivative of cyclohexane. It is used as a solvent and blending agent.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol <=> (3Z)-hex-3-en-1-yl acetate + coenzyme A.


palmitic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of palmitic acid.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness.


spliceosomal complex disassembly

Disassembly of a spliceosomal complex with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure.


(-)-secologanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secologanin.


L-rhamnose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnofuranose + NAD+ = L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H+ + NADH.


geranial dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranial + NAD+ + OH- = geranylate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: p-hydroxybenzoate + solanesyl pyrophosphate = nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate, an aromatic hydrocarbon.


regulation of seed growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the seed of an plant.


rubrospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord.


endosulfan monooxygenase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan sulfate + H2O.


peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamine

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine residues by deamidation and esterification with omega-hydroxyceramide.


all-trans retinoic acid 4-hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-(4S)-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


integument development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the integument over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Integument is one of the layers of tissue that usually covers the ovule, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex.


octanoic acid binding

Binding to octanoic acid.


basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

Any basement membrane assembly that is involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.


follicle cell of egg chamber-cell adhesion

The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + A + H2O.


norbixin methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: norbixin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> bixin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ketoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of a ketone group to form the corresponding alcohol.


tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uridine(34) in tRNA = 5'-deoxyadenosine + carboxymethyluridine(34) in tRNA + CoA + 2 H+ + L-methionine.


Catalysis of the reaction: sterol + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sterol ester + acylglycerol.


deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage near pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.


ventral aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ventral aorta are generated and organized. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


cardiac glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-9,10-dihydrodiol.


N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation involved in translation

An N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation process that contributes to translation.


protein localization to microtubule minus-end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule minus-end.


positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticulinium(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> (R)-laudanine(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


malonate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonate = acetate + malonyl-CoA.


regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


1,2-dichloroethane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.


estradiol binding

Binding to estradiol.


positive regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.


lateral mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.


cholesterol 26-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of cholesterol at position 26 of the side chain, to produce 26-hydroxycholesterol.


histone H4K91 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 4 at the lysine-91 residue.


adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster.


serine-isocitrate lyase pathway

A one-carbon metabolic process in which acetyl-CoA is produced from formaldehyde and carbon dioxide.


benzo(a)pyrene 11,12-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-11,12-epoxide.


cellular response to proline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


suberin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols.


Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.


epithelial cell migration involved in nephron tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to nephron tubule morphogenesis.


F-9775A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving F-9775A.


glyoxylate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + H+ + oxalate.


isopentenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenol.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with other known acceptors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which phosphorus or arsenic acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a known acceptor other than disulfide, NAD or NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene-18-al + H2O + NAD+ = abieta-7,13-diene-18-oate + NADH + H+.


mesenchymal stem cell migration involved in uteric bud morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another contributing to the shaping of the ureteric bud. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADH + H+.


inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate = ADP + bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configurations of the diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) and bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate (bis-PP-IP4) are unknown.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nitrile + H2O = a carboxylate + NH3. Acts on a wide range of aromatic nitriles including (indole-3-yl)-acetonitrile and some aliphatic nitriles, and on the corresponding acid amides.


positive regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.


7-epi-alpha-selinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> (-)-7-epi-alpha-selinene + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from peptidoglycan.


UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-arabinose = UDP-alpha-D-xylose.


preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis.


D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + acceptor = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + reduced acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the addition of a terminal nucleotide to an RNA molecule in the absence of a nucleic acid template.


myristoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myristic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + myristoyl-CoA.


xylulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


regulation of lipid localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + 2 H+.


3-hydroxyphenyl propionate:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(out) + H+(out) = 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(in) + H+(in).


norepinephrine-mediated vasodilation

A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


3'-5' RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of an RNA helix in the 3' to 5' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.


facial nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the facial nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


lipid A phosphate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.


petromyzonol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5alpha-cholane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol = 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-yl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


glucose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) = glucose(in).


metanephric cap morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric cap are generated and organized. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + diphosphate = O-phospho-L-serine + H+ + phosphate.


benzylsuccinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + toluene = 2-benzylsuccinate.


3-dehydroquinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate = 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate.