Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + 3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + H2O <=> 4-coumaroylhexanoylmethane + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of male pigmentation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


protein localization to astral microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an astral microtubule.


siRNA transcription

The transcription of a small interfering RNA from an RNA template.


peptidyl-lysine glutarylation

The glutarylation of a lysine residue in a protein.


adaxial/abaxial pattern specification

The regionalization process in which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


all-trans retinoic acid 18-hydroxylase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


negative regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination

The process that results in the release of migrating cells from their interaction with radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


ureide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ureide, the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants, from IMP, which is synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots.


positive regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.


ABC-type carbohydrate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane.


negative regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope.


salty taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble salty compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of salty taste.


allantoin racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(+)-allantoin = (R)-(-)-allantoin.


negative regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


peptidyl-threonine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-threonine.


peptide butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-butyryl-lysine-peptide.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1->4)-D-glucosidic linkage in 4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanosyl}n trehalose to yield trehalose and alpha-(1->4)-D-glucan.


methylselenol demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylselenol + H2O => H2Se + CH3OH.


pectoral fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pectoral fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


determination of affect

Any process in which an emotional response is associated with a particular sensory stimulation.


UDP-glucose: N-methylanthranilate glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylanthranilate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = N-methylanthraniloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + UDP.


homeostasis of number of meristem cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the meristem.


negative regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.


thiamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine + 2 O2 = thiamine acetic acid + 2 H2O2.


regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.


regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + xanthotoxol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + xanthotoxin. Xanthotoxol is also known as 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin and xanthotoxin as 8-methoxyfuranocoumarin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> valerena-4,7(11)-diene + diphosphoric acid.


style development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the style over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The style is an elongated part of a carpel, or group of fused carpels, and it lies between the ovary and the stigma.


alpha-D-glucan binding

Binding to alpha-D-glucan.


branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, or 2-methylpropanol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> apigenin-7-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of sulfite transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.


type I hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells or basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


maintenance of protein complex location in cytoplasm

Any process in which a protein complex is maintained in a specific location within the cytoplasm and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


tocopherol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alkene group + alcohol group on same molecule = cyclic ether. Substrates are 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4- hydroquinone (forms delta-tocopherol) and 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (forms gamma-tocopherol).


L-arabinose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose = L-ribulose.


positive regulation of Fas signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.


citrazinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


Catalysis of the reaction: indoxyl + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + indican + UDP.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


peptide cross-linking via L-lysine thiazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl lysine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


parthenolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: costunolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> parthenolide + NADP(3-) + H2O.


corticotropin receptor activity

Combining with corticotropin to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine <=> N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-alpha-(1->3)-N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = formylmethylsilanediol + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + H2O = 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + diphosphate + H+.


rhombomere 5 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


prephenate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + prephenate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADH.


taurine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + taurine = AH(2) + NH4 + sulfoacetaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + pyruvate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-alanine.


positive regulation of nigerotriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


steryl-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate + H2O = 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate.


peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester biosynthesis from peptidyl-glycine

The synthesis of peptidyl-glycine cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol ester at the carboxy-terminus of autolytically cleaved proteins.


cellular response to cation stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.


3,4-dihydroxybenzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving protocatechuate, the anion of protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid).


malonate semialdehyde decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonate semialdehyde + H+ = acetaldehyde + CO2.


site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + 2-aminomuconate semialdehyde = NADH + 2-amino-muconate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylethanolamine + a sterol = a sterol ester + a lysophosphatidylethanolamine.


arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonic acid + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 20-HETE + NADP+ + H2O. Arachidonic acid is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid, and 20-HETE is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid.


modulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of cellotriose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.


negative regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


viral DNA genome replication

The replication of a viral DNA genome.


mesenchymal stem cell proliferation involved in nephron morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population, that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.


vinyl chloride reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vinyl chloride + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + ethene.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-D-galactofuranose.


structural constituent of postsynapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynapse.


3-oxoacyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 3-oxoacyl-CoA = H+ + coenzyme A + a 3-oxoacid.


acinar cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize an acinar cell of the salivary gland. Acinar cells are protein-secreting cells in the gland.


plastid DNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving plastid DNA.


establishment of protein localization to postsynaptic membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a postsynaptic membrane.


cyanidin 3-O-p-coumaroylglucoside 2-O''-xylosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-4-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucoside) + UDP-alpha-D-xylose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + UDP + H+.


chitosanase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine residues in a partly acetylated chitosan.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,2-di-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.


dorsal spinal cord interneuron anterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in the anterior direction along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


butanediol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.


regulation of pre-tubular aggregate formation by cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of pre-tubular aggregate formation. Pre-tubular aggregate formation is the cell adhesion process in which mesenchymal cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.


response to alkyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.


allophanate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 3 H+ + urea-1-carboxylate = 2 CO2 + 2 NH4.


positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxidodioxidosulfidosulfate + a reduced thioredoxin = sulfite + hydrogen sulfide + H+ + an oxidized thioredoxin.


vesicle targeting, plasma membrane to endosome

The process in which vesicles formed at the plasma membrane are directed to specific destinations in endosome membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


hexitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + substrate-serine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + substrate-serine-4'-phosphopantetheine. The transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) co-factor from coenzyme A to the hydroxyl side chain of the serine residue of acyl- or peptidyl-carrier protein (ACP or PCP) to convert them from the apo to the holo form.


serine 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypyruvate + NH3 + NADH.


mitochondrial tRNA 5'-end processing

The process in which the 5' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine

The post-translational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-threonine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine.


negative regulation of cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to nitrogen starvation.


gastric mucosal blood circulation

The flow of blood through the gastric mucosa of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients and the removal of waste products.


macrolide 2'-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oleandomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + oleandomycin 2'-O-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maltose 6'-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


2-aminohexanoate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate.


23S rRNA (guanine(748)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(748) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(748) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


isoleucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 8-methylthiooctylhydroximate <=> H+ + 7-methylthioheptyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


GCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCU codon.


ecdysone binding

Binding to 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). Ecdysone is an ecdysteroid produced by the prothoracic glands of immature insects and the ovaries of adult females, which stimulates growth and molting.


pyruvate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


2-alkyn-1-ol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-butyne-1,4-diol + NAD+ = 4-hydroxy-2-butynal + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.


leukotriene D4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene D4.


positive regulation of Ran protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.


IgA receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


type IV pilus-dependent motility

Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.


2-oxobutyrate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.


alternative respiration

Alternative respiration pathway consumes oxygen, oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and generates water. During electron flow, proton motive force is diminished resulting in fewer molecules of ATP compared to cytochrome pathway. The pathway is found in plants, algae and some protozoa.


cellular response to triterpenoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triterpenoid stimulus.


germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


detection of pheromone

The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


bixin aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bixin aldehyde + O2 + NAD <=> norbixin + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of heart rate by circulating epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


negative regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.


D-lactate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + an ubiquinone = pyruvate + an ubiquinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in mRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 5-methylcytidine in mRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


intermediate-density lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to a intermediate-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm.


polyphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


viral entry into host cell via pilus basal pore

The uptake of a virus or viral genetic material into a host cell which occurs through retraction of the virion-bound pilus, followed by entry of the viral genome into the host cell through the pilus basal pore. Filamentous bacteriophages absorb to the tip of the F-pili and can enter the bacterial cell in this way.


cytidylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP = 3',5'-cyclic CMP + diphosphate + H+.


4-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenol + H+ + NADH + O2 = 4-nitrocatechol + H2O + NAD+.


negative regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.


arabinan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


RITS complex localization

Any process in which a RITS complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


stomach pylorus smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the most distal part of the stomach.


histone H2AK119 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-119 residue.


trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by carbon monoxide.


isopentenyl phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopentenyl phosphate(2-) + ATP(4-) <=> isopentenyl diphosphate(3-) + ADP(3-).


XMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.


progression of neural tube closure

The process in which the neural folds are fused extending from the initial closure points.


amylin receptor activity

Combining with amylin to initiate a change in cell activity.


terminal region determination

Specification of the terminal regions (the two non-segmented ends) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of huckebein and tailless gene products.


regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.


interleukin-7 production

The appearance of interleukin-7 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of bundle of His cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell of the bundle of His. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.


deoxycytidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


regulation of blood vessel branching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an N-hydroxyarylamine = CoA + an N-acetoxyarylamine.


ribitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. It occurs free in some plants and is a component of riboflavin.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O2 <=> 10'-apo-beta-carotenal + beta-ionone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-deoxy-D-glucuronate = 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate.


lysine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine = D-lysine.


apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

The actin-mediated process that results in contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin 30-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 2 H+ <=> glycyrrhetinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O.


epicardium-derived cell migration to the myocardium

The orderly movement of a cell that have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition from the epicardium into the myocardium.


5-dehydro-2-deoxygluconokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate = ADP + 6-phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine, using agmatinase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in a single enzymatic step.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-D-galactofuranose.


mesonephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric interstitial fibroblast.


neural crest cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


positive regulation of nitrogen utilization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.


positive regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


glutamate synthase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADH.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including L-glutamate.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to a cardioblast being committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate.


malate dehydrogenase (menaquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a menaquinone = oxaloacetate + a menaquinol.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextrans, to remove successive isomaltotriose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


thioacetamide S-oxide S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide S-oxide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S,S-dioxide + H2O.


R2/R5 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R2 and R5 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


modulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity

The process in which an organism effects a change in host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


apiose 1-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-apiitol + NAD+ = D-apiose + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into cell.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


phosphatidylserine transfer activity

Removes phosphatidylserine from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.


peptide histaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-histaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein].


beta-ketoadipate pathway

A pathway of aromatic compound degradation by ortho-cleavage; one branch converts protocatechuate, derived from phenolic compounds, to beta-ketoadipate, and the other branch converts catechol, generated from various aromatic hydrocarbons, amino aromatics, and lignin monomers, also to beta-ketoadipate. Two additional steps accomplish the conversion of beta-ketoadipate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.


phosphatidylserine floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


thromboxane receptor activity

Combining with a thromboxane (TXA) to initiate a change in cell activity.


histidine catabolic process to hydantoin-5-propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including hydantoin-5-propionate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.


pyridoxine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxine from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


channel-forming ionophore activity

Enables transport of a solute across a membrane. This kind of transporter interacts much more weakly with the solute than the carrier does. It is an aqueous pore that extends across the membrane. It may change from closed to open and back. It transports faster than a carrier. It is always passive.


response to silicon dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-hydroxyacetophenone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


pineal gland development

The progression of the pineal gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythms.


structural constituent of virion

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a virion.


galactitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> ombuin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


L-lysine catabolic process to glutarate, by acetylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including glutarate, by acetylation.


(S)-canadine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-canadine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: A [sulfatase]-L-cysteine + O2 + 2 a thiol = a [sulfatase]-3-oxo-L-alanine + hydrogen sulfide + a disulfide + H2O.


photoreactive repair

The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines.


positive regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.


actinorhodin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of actinorhodin.


phosphoribulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


malate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of malate from one side of a membrane to the other. Malate is a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid, hydroxybutanedioic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H+.


regulation of cleistothecium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


CAAX-box protein modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins.


genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium).


tensidol B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol B.


anterior mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process in which a mRNA is transported to, and maintained in the anterior portion of the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo contributing to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


aerotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen.


lignostilbene alpha beta-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene + O2 = 2 vanillin.


alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c(L)) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome cL] + a primary alcohol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome cL] + an aldehyde + 2 H+.


1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase (1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol + NADP+ = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


hydroxymate-containing siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including hydroxamic acid. Hydroxamate is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with catechol and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+).


positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.


anthocyanidin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+ = an anthocyanidin + 2 NAD(P)H + H+.


dTTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.


cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate.


cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O = adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced electron acceptor.


penicillin amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: penicillin + H2O = a carboxylate + 6-aminopenicillanate.


snoRNP binding

Binding to a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle.


positive regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


chrysobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


regulation of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation, the process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.


mesonephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the mesonephros.


histone H2B-K12 acetylation

The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.


1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol palmitoyl-lipid 7-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


negative regulation of heart rate in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency of heart contraction of another organism.


ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid

The three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene to form ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, kaurenoic acid. This process may be carried out entirely by the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase.


modulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any form of cell-based immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


methanopterin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanopterin.


formate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + coenzyme F420 = CO2 + reduced coenzyme F420.


1-18:1-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol omega-6 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.


Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.


negative regulation of fear response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.


formation of stylet for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a stylet, a hollow protrusible spear-like symbiont structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mandelamide amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mandelamide + H2O = (R)-mandelate + NH4.


shamixanthone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving shamixanthone.


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of pharynx morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pharynx morphogenesis.


high-affinity copper ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a copper ions (Cu2+) from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


ventriculo bulbo valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ventriculo bulbo valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA = H2O + glutaconyl-CoA.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + orotate.


disruption by symbiont of host cellular component

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


pyridoxal transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxal from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT activity

Any process in which a virus interferes with a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription). STATs are SH2 domain-containing proteins which lie downstream of many signaling receptors. Upon phosphorylation by JAKs, STAT proteins hetero- or homo-dimerize and translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


RNA NAD-cap (NMN-forming) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end NAD+-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-adenosine-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + 2 H+.


trichloroethylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.


regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.


anal fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


negative regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.


interleukin-9 production

The appearance of interleukin-9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


thalianol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a thalianol = a thalian-diol. This reaction is the addition of a hydroxyl group to thalianol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta-ol) to create a thalian-diol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta,X-diol), where the hydroxyl group may be attached at one of several different available carbons in ring B or C of thalianol, indicated by the X.


pseurotin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pseurotin A.


baroreceptor detection of increased arterial stretch

The series of events by which an increase in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


pyridoxal 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pyridoxal = 4-pyridoxolactone + H+ + NADH.


response to ecdysone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.


immune response

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.


regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoate + H2O = acetate + 4-aminobutanoate.


neural crest cell differentiation involved in thymus development

Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in thymus development.


pyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO2.


modulation by symbiont of host heat acclimation

Any process in which an organism modulates the host's tolerance to high temperatures, above the optimal temperature for that organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


specification of segmental identity, mandibular segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the mandibular segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + CTP = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + CDP.


deoxyinosine salvage

Any process that generates deoxyinosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


valine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ <=> (E)-2-methylpropanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.


suppression by virus of host adaptive immune response

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adaptive immune response of the host organism, an immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).


valine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


negative regulation of granuloma formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.


positive regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

The process in which a chemical substance increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.


imaginal disc pattern formation

The regionalization process that results in defined areas of the imaginal disc that will undergo specific cell differentaiton. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


actin ubiquitination

The modification of actin by addition of ubiquitin groups.


9,10 (9', 10')-carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids at the (9, 10) and/or (9', 10') double bond.


pollen intine formation

Formation of pollen intine, the inner layer of the pollen wall. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.


negative regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + ATP = AMP + deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + diphosphate + 2 H+.


myotube cell development involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. This occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


granulosa cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of granulosa cells, resulting in the expansion of the granulosa cells population. A granulosa cell is a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals. They develop from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate + NADP+ + H2O.


negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


glucuronoarabinoxylan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid and arabinose side units.


calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


response to 5-fluorouracil

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluorouracil stimulus.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


appendage segmentation

Division of an appendage, an organ or part that is attached to the main body of an organism, into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. Most arthropod appendages, such as the legs and antennae, are visibly segmented.


peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in regulation of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.


protein decanoylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with decanoic acid.


negative regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


cellular response to azide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.


octanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.


mannogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannogen, a mannose-containing polysaccharide that is a major energy reserve in Leishmania.


glucosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


bidentate ribonuclease III activity

Catalysis of the digestion of double-stranded RNAs into 20 to 30-nucleotide products. These products typically associate to the RNA-induced silencing complex and serve as guide RNAs for posttranslational RNA interference.


lipid III floppase activity

Enables the transbilayer of capsular-polysaccharides (Und-PP-GlcNAc-ManNAcA-Fuc4NAc (lipid III)) from the inner to the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane during the assembly of ECA. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


D-xylulose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + xylitol = D-xylulose + H+ + NADH.


orthodenticle mRNA localization

Any process in which orthodenticle mRNA is transported to and maintained in the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo as part of the process that will specify the anterior/posterior axis.


tricyclic triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-benzoyl-D-arginine-4-nitroanilide + H2O = 4-nitroaniline + N(2)-benzoyl-D-arginine + H+.


citrate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + CoA = (3S)-citryl-CoA + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


epithelial cell type specification, open tracheal system

Allocation of epithelial cells within each migrating branch in an open tracheal system to distinct tracheal cell fates. During the migration phase each branch forms a well-defined number of cell types (including fusion cells, terminal cells and branch cells) at precise positions.


mesonephric podocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


mucilage extrusion from seed coat

The process in which seed mucilage expands through hydration and breaks the outer cell wall that encapsulates the whole seed upon imbibition. Mucilage, mainly composed of pectins, is formed during seed development and deposited into the apoplast underneath the outer wall of the seed coat.


arsenite methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + arsenite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methylarsonate.


negative regulation of ARF protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.


N-cyclopropylmelamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insect growth regulator insecticide.


pole plasm protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


tricellular tight junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tricellular tight junction.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a cis-keto-C60-meroacyl-[acp] <=> diphosphoric acid + a cis-keto-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


cell-cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions

The attachment of cells to one another to form groups of cells involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration.


negative regulation of growth factor dependent skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.


diphthine-ammonia ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphthine + NH4 = ADP + diphthamide + H+ + phosphate.


positive regulation of amoeboid sperm motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = L-xylulose 5-phosphate.


mesonephric glomerulus development

The progression of the mesonephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros.


carboxymethylhydantoinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-5-carboxymethylhydantoin + H2O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H+.


negative regulation of cell communication

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


eye blink reflex

The reflex process in which a mechanical stimulus applied to the eye elicits a response of the eyelid closing.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-acylphosphoadenosine + H2O = AMP + a carboxylate.


defasciculation of motor neuron axon

Separation of a motor axon away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.


peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine oxazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA + 4 H+ = 7-methyl-3-oxooct-6-enoyl-CoA + acetate.


4-cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-cresol + acceptor + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + reduced acceptor.


pigment accumulation in tissues in response to UV light

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


positive regulation of mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (sinapoyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanin betaine + trans-sinapate + H+.


positive regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


charged-tRNA amino acid modification

The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine.


positive regulation of mesoderm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


contact guidance

Cell recognition involving the deposition of specific pathways in the extracellular matrix that guide migrating cells.


double fertilization forming two zygotes

Rudimentary double fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the ventral canal cell nucleus to form a second zygote, which soon degenerates. An example of this process is found in the Gnetophytes, such as Welwitschia mirabilis.


photoreceptor cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


tRNA wobble base 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridinylation

The process whereby a wobble base uridine residue in a tRNA is modified to 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine.


envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


posterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing posterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


GABAergic neuron differentiation in basal ganglia

The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic inhibitory neuron in the basal ganglia. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a GABAergic neuron.


curcumin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloylacetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA(4-) + H2O <=> curcumin + 2 coenzyme A(4-) + carbon dioxide.


interneuron-substratum interaction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The process in which migrating interneurons interact with an external substratum as a component of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


neuroblast division in subpallium

The division of neuroblasts in the subpallium area of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include GABAergic interneurons and will migrate tangentially.


positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


(R)-citramalyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA.


angelicin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: columbianetin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> angelicin + acetone + NADP + 2 H2O.


regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


labial disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the labial disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a labial imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including parts of the proboscis.


threonine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-homoserine + H2O = L-threonine + phosphate.


positive regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


high-affinity L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


petal epidermis patterning

The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the cells in the petal epidermis.


bacillithiol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.


metanephric long descending thin limb bend development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment in the metanephros.


6-carboxyhexanoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + pimelate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + pimelyl-CoA.


longitudinal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the longitudinal axis. In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root.


notochord cell vacuolation

The assembly and arrangement of a vacuole within a cell of the notochord.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


regulation of fucose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose.


positive regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


positive regulation of R7 cell fate commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment.


beta-curcumene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> diphosphoric acid + (-)-beta-curcumene.


negative regulation of protein import into nucleus during spindle assembly checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and that occurs as a response to the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves inhibition of the karyopherin/importin Kap121p (also known as Pse1p), which acts as the specific nuclear import receptor for several proteins, including Glc7p. Glc7p functions in opposition to key spindle assembly checkpoint protein Aurora kinase (Ipl1p).


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose.


negative regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in a second organism.


flavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


glucosaminate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosaminate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NH3.


outer ear unfolding

The opening and spreading out of the outer ear.


suppression by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


coronary sinus valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the coronary sinus valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


negative regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.


3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NAD+ = 3-oxopropanoate + H+ + NADH.


regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in hippocampal neurons.


peptidyl-lysine butyrylation

The butyrylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Butyryl is the univalent radical C3H7COO- derived from butyric acid.


polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + ferricytochrome c = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + ferrocytochrome c + H+.


regulation of timing of anagen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


regulation of tocopherol cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tocopherol cyclase activity.


histidine catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.


asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


fruit ripening, non-climacteric

A fruit ripening process that does not involve a respiratory burst.


regulation of homophilic cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


citronellal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellal + NAD+ + OH- = citronellate + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of developmental process

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


positive regulation of inosine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of inosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


depsipeptide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.


protein localization to Mei2 nuclear dot

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Mei2 nuclear dot.


pollen maturation

The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains.


modification of dendritic spine

Any process that modifies the structure of a dendritic spine.


Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + n-hexane = (1-methylpentyl)succinate.


anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


murein hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a peptidoglycan dimer (generic) = a lipid II + GlcNAc-1,6-anhydro-MurNAc-pentapeptide.


tauropine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + tauropine = H+ + NADH + pyruvate + taurine.


regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.


positive regulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling.


dimethylmalate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.


post-embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.


isopentenyladenine UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N(6)-dimethylallyladenine = H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-N(6)-isopentenyladenine + UDP.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, flavin as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and flavin acts as an electron acceptor.


ACA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACA codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-resveratrol <=> 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + pterostilbene + 2 H+.


2-methylcitrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene <=> 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


juvenile hormone mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a juvenile hormone binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


chondroitin AC lyase activity

Catalysis of the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups.


12-oxophytodienoate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl}cyclopentyl]octanoate + NADP+ = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate + H+ + NADPH.


mandelonitrile lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mandelonitrile = cyanide + benzaldehyde.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial baroreceptor feedback

A process that controls blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the atria.


lung ciliated cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains cilia for moving substances released from lung secretory cells.


prostate induction

The close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.


transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway involved in floral organ abscission

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, which contributes to the process of floral organ abscission.


5'-3' RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of an RNA helix in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol + DCPIP+ = DCPIPH + H+ + (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene.


negative regulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion

Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.


positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon + H2O = 2-oxobut-3-enanoate + 2,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methylpyridine.


nuclear membrane biogenesis

The process in which a nuclear membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.


emodin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emodin.


cytoplasmic capsid assembly

The assembly of a virus capsid that occurs in the cytoplasm.


mitochondrial single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type mitochondrial RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


dihydrobunolol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrobunolol + NADP+ = bunolol + H+ + NADPH.


antipodal cell degeneration

The process in which the antipodal cells undergo programmed cell death.


tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate.


determination of radial symmetry

The establishment of an organism's body plan or a part of an organism such that it is symmetric around a central axis.


positive regulation of neutrophil aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.


chloroplast RNA modification

Any RNA modification that takes place in chloroplast.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate + formate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 3-D-glucuronosyl-N2-,6-disulfo-beta-D-glucosamine = glucuronate + N2,6-disulfo-D-glucosamine.


2-indanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3-isochromanone.


imaginal disc-derived wing hair outgrowth

Extrusion of a cellular projection from the apical membrane of an epithelial cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Outgrowth initiates approximately 35 hours after puparium formation from the distal side of the cell, and at this stage the cellular extension is termed a prehair.


eoxin C4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin A4 + glutathione = eoxin C4.


N-acetylglucosamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


histone H3K14 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 3 at the lysine-14 residue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylaniline + carbamic acid.


regulation of turning behavior involved in mating

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.


proepicardium cell migration involved in pericardium morphogenesis

The coordinated movement of a mesenchymal proepicardial cell to the surface of the developing heart.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in fungal-type cell wall disassembly

The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the fungal-type cell wall.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by action potential

Any action potential process that regulates skeletal muscle contraction.


cell cycle comprising mitosis without cytokinesis

A mitotic cell cycle in which mitosis is completed but cytokinesis does not occur, resulting in a cell containing multiple nuclei each with a chromosomal complement of the original ploidy (usually 2N).


ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol + oxygen = 2 H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-al.


1,3-alpha-L-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetylglucosamine residues in glycoproteins.


negative regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


vacuole-ER tethering

The attachment of a lytic vacuole to the endoplasmic reticulum, which may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


interleukin-29 production

The appearance of interleukin-29 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of zygospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.


N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. The D isomer of N-acetylglucosamine is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


mesonephric mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


response to erythromycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.


class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of an AP site 3' of the baseless site by a beta-lyase mechanism, leaving an unsaturated aldehyde, termed a 3'-(4-hydroxy-5-phospho-2-pentenal) residue, and a 5'-phosphate.


5-aminolevulinic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5-aminolevulinic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


undecaprenyl-phosphate galactose phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-diphosphoundecaprenol + UMP.


positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


anatomical structure morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


formation of tubovesicular network for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a symbiont-induced complex organelle that comprises of multiple protein and lipid domains for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by acetylcholine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by acetylcholine signaling. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter.


cellular response to high light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.


2-oxoglutaramate amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutaramate + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin + UDP-D-galactose = cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside betaine + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-ACP + L-tryptophan + ATP <=> cyclo-acetoacetyl-L-tryptophan + AMP + diphosphoric acid + 2 H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


cellular response to light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + H2O + H+ = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + NH4.


regulation of thalamus size

Any process that modulates the size of the thalamus. The thalamus is a part of the diencephalon that is composed of the dorsal thalamus and the ventral thalamus.


embryonic heart tube formation

The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


myoblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a myoblast into daughter cells. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line.


jasmonic acid hydrolase

Catalyzes the hydroxylation of jasmonic acid to 12OH-jasmonic acid.


transitional one stage B cell differentiation

The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,3',4',5'-tetramethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of salty taste

The series of events required for a salty taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


1-deoxy-D-xylulose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose + ATP <=> H+ + 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + ADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GTP = lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine + diphosphate.


regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + dehydroabietadienol + NADPH + O2 <=> dehydroabietadiene-diol + NADP + H2O.


mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.


pheromone response MAPK cascade

A MAPK cascade that is part of a pheromone response ending in conjugation with cellular fusion.


peptidyl-histidine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine) or peptidyl-3'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-AMP-histidine, pros-AMP-histidine).


pilus assembly

The assembly from its constituent parts of a pilus, a short filamentous structure of bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies. Pili are variously involved in transfer of nucleic acids, adherence to surfaces, and formation of pellicles. Is required for bacterial conjugation, or can play a role in adherence to surfaces (when it is called a fimbrium), and in the formation of pellicles.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that depends on direct conversion of the phosphatidyl-base phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine by successive methylations.


leg disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the leg disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a leg imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.


D-arabinose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. D-arabinose occurs in plant glycosides and is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.


prephenate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prephenate = phenylpyruvate + H2O + CO2.


Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose on to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming a beta-1,4-D-glucosyl-D-glucose linkage.


cell-cell adhesion involved in neuronal-glial interactions involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The interaction between two cells that modulates the association of a neuronal cell and a glial cell involved in glial-mediated radial cell migration in the cerebral cortex.


L-3-cyanoalanine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + HCN = sulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine.


apelin receptor activity

Combining with the peptide apelin to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


camphor 5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-camphor + putidaredoxin + O2 = (+)-exo-5-hydroxycamphor + oxidized putidaredoxin + H2O.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via regulation of action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by depolarization of muscle membrane and ionic fluxes.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD(P)+ + CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose = NAD(P)H + CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + a glucosyl-glycogenin = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-glucosyl glucogenin + UDP + H+.


negative regulation of secondary growth

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.


phenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.


negative regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.


regulation of amine catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


fermentation

The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, coupling the oxidation and reduction of NAD/H and the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


ammonia kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NH4 = ADP + 3 H+ + phosphoramidate.


suppression by virus of host ISG15-protein conjugation

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 conjugation to a susbtrate. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to lysine residues on various target proteins. Viruses escape from the antiviral activity of ISG15 by using different mechanisms; the influenza B virus NS1 protein for instance blocks the covalent linkage of ISG15 to its target proteins by directly interacting with ISG15. The papain-like protease from the coronavirus cleaves ISG15 derivatives.


Catalysis of the reaction: poly(glycerol phosphate) + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucosylpoly(glycerol phosphate) + UDP.


adenylyl-sulfate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + AMP + 2 H+ + sulfite = adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + AH2.


peptidyl-aspartic acid phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid.


P granule disassembly

The disaggregation of a P granule into its constituent components.


brassinosteroid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.


negative regulation of synergid differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.


gibberellin A19, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A19 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> H+ + gibberellin A20 + 2 carbon dioxide + succinate.


tRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


trihydroxystilbene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 3,4',5-trihydroxy-stilbene + 4 CO2.


phthalyl amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a phthalylamide = phthalate + substituted amine.


sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid = (1R,6S)-6-ammonio-5-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate.


reciprocal homologous recombination

A DNA recombination process that results in the bidirectional exchange of genetic material between highly homologous DNA molecules.


1-butanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.


adenosylcobinamide kinase (GTP-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + GTP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP + H+.