Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


negative regulation of border follicle cell migration

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


cellular response to alkyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.


N-glycan diversification

The generation, in the Golgi apparatus, of side chain diversity from high mannose Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans by specific glycosyltransferases and glycosidases.


regulation of cell diameter

Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + benzene-1,2,4-triol = maleylacetate.


putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine, via the intermediate N-carbamoylputrescine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in two single enzymatic steps.


5'-deoxyadenosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'deoxyadenosine + H2O = 5'deoxyinosine + NH3.


negative regulation of macrophage migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


inferior olivary nucleus formation

The process that gives rise to the inferior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


negative regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.


recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex

The process in which proteins required for 3'-end transcript processing become associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and the 3' end of a transcript.


steryl deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from an acetylated sterol.


regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal norepinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.


lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + propane-1,2-diol = (S)-lactaldehyde + H+ + NADPH.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


11-hydroxythromboxane B2 dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thromboxane B2 + NAD+ = 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 + NADH + H+.


spermidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermidine.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT1 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1).


negative regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.


modulation of receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


4-chloro-allylglycine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-L-lysine + AH2 + O2 = A + formaldehyde + H2O + L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + NH4(+).


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft.


NAD-dependent histone H3K56 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


ABC-type thiamine transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiamine(out) = ADP + H+ + phosphate + thiamine(in).


regulation of glutamatergic neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.


rhodopsin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.


linoleate 11-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,11S,12Z)-11-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + sinapoyl aldehyde = H+ + sinapaldehyde glucoside + UDP.


regulation of seed dormancy process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


NADH-dependent peroxiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroperoxide + H+ + NADH = an alcohol + H2O + NAD+.


GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = formate + 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate.


thrombocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis.


perturbation of plasma membrane integrity in another organism

The disruption of the cell membrane of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the membrane.


Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.


CCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCA codon.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of MAVS activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of host MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein). MAVS is a signal transducer that lies downstream of the viral RNA receptors MDA-5 and RIG-I to coordinate host innate immune responses.


isoprene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.


disruption of cellular anatomical structure in another organism

The disruption of a cellular component of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that structure. In some cases this can cause malfunctioning of the cells and death of the target organism.


positive regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.


mRNA trans splicing, SL addition

The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs, where the one that provides the 5' portion of the final mRNA is from a splice leader RNA (SL-RNA). The SL-RNA, or mini-exon donor sequence, is added to the 5'-end of the acceptor RNA molecule which provides the mRNA body.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


positive regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.


branching involved in pancreas morphogenesis

The process in which the branches of the pancreas are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate. C6 of the substrate molecular may have an NH2 group attached.


Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


resorcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving resorcinol (C6H4(OH)2), a benzene derivative with many applications, including dyes, explosives, resins and as an antiseptic.


equatorial microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins at the midpoint of a cell.


hypoglycin A gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + hypoglycin A = L-cysteinylglycine + hypoglycin B.


chlordecone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlordecone alcohol + NADP+ = chlordecone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin A1 = prostaglandin C1.


valine-pyruvate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + pyruvate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine.


glucan 1,3-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic links in 1,3-alpha-D-glucans.


positive regulation of cerebellar neuron development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


shoot axis formation

The process that gives rise to a shoot axis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.


alpha-humulene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = alpha-humulene + diphosphate.


regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.


indole-3-carbonyl nitrile 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-carbonyl nitrile + NADPH +O2=4-hydroxyindole-3- carbonyl nitrile + NADP+ + H20.


N-acyl-D-glutamate deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glutamate + H2O = D-glutamate + a carboxylate.


capsule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


terephthalate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + terephthalate = (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+.


peptidyl-histidine adenylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine

The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine).


activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + sulfur-(sulfur carrier) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylthio-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (sulfur carrier) + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine.


2-dehydropantolactone reductase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.


protein phosphate-linked glycosylation via serine

The glycosylation of peptidyl-serine through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.


regulation of nucleus size

Any process that modulates the size of the nucleus.


monoterpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


xyloglucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


ABC-type oligopeptide transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligopeptide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligopeptide(in).


negative regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.


nematode male tail mating organ morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nematode male tail mating organ are generated and organized. The male tail is a sensory organ required for mating and, in C. elegans, consists of ray sensilla, an acellular cuticular fan, a sensory hook, and protracting, copulatory spicules.


phenylacetate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 2-hydroxyphenylacetate.


regulation of reproductive fruiting body development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive fruiting body development.


NAD+ diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = AMP + NMN.


prenylcysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


regulation of chitin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin.


cytokinin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


solitary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the solitary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of homologous chromosome segregation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of homologous chromosome segregation, the cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.


tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA] + NAD+ = mature tRNA + ADP ribose 1'',2''-phosphate + nicotinamide + H2O. This reaction is the transfer of the splice junction 2-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD+ to produce ADP-ribose 1'-2' cyclic phosphate.


negative regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


[methyl-Co(III) methanol-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase

Catalysis of the reaction: a [methyl-Co(III) methanol-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = methyl-coenzyme M + a [Co(I) methanol-specific corrinoid protein] + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.


peptide cross-linking via L-histidyl-L-tyrosine

The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a protein cross-link.


pigment metabolic process involved in pigment accumulation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, as part of the accumulation of pigment.


disruption by virus of host envelope lipopolysaccharide during virus entry

The breakdown of lipopolysaccharides in a host cell envelope during virus entry into a host cell. For example a phage entering a gram-negative bacterium may actively break down outer membrane lipopolysaccharides.


gamma-delta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming a gamma-delta T cell.


negative regulation of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade.


canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity

The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts out of a hepatocyte and into the bile canaliculus by means of an agent such as a transporter or pore. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


negative regulation of germ tube formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of host-seeking behavior

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.


gallate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + O2 = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

Combining with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allyl alcohol + NADP+ = acrolein + H+ + NADPH.


mannan 1,4-mannobiosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-mannans, to remove successive mannobiose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


metanephric prebend segment development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.


molting cycle, chitin-based cuticle

The periodic shedding of part or all of a chitin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


GDP-mannose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a GDP-mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-mannose is a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


negative regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT2 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 2).


cordyol C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cordyol C.


response to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.


chlorophyllide a oxygenase [overall] activity

Catalysis of the reactions: chlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + H2O + NADP+; and 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = chlorophyllide b + 2 H2O + NADP+.


protein-heparan sulfate linkage via heparan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

Heparan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


double layer follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when a double layer of distinct follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-independent

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and not dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.


mannosylglycerate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.


nicotinic acid riboside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinic acid riboside = ADP + nicotinic acid mononucleotide.


positive regulation of penetration hypha formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.


endonucleolytic cleavage between LSU-rRNA and 5S rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-LSU-rRNA from a pre-5S rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


meiotic interphase

The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA.


regulation of photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoperiodism, flowering.


high-affinity ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-aspartate-adding)

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n + L-Asp = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp.


hypotaurine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP+ + taurine.


maintenance of kidney identity

The process in which the identity of a kidney is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


septin collar organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising the septin collar.


retinol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol = 11-cis-retinol.


paraxial mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.


cell budding

A form of asexual reproduction, occurring in certain bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts) and some primitive animals in which an individual arises from a daughter cell formed by pinching off a part of the parent cell. The budlike outgrowths so formed may sometimes remain attached to the parent cell.


ISG15-specific peptidase activity

A thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ISG15 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.


Catalysis of the reaction: hexose 1-phosphate + nucleoside triphosphate = NDP-hexose + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 2 H2O + 2 H2O2 + H+ + pyrroloquinoline quinone.


phthalate 4,5-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + phthalate = cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD+.


viral DNA cleavage involved in viral genome maturation

The cleavage of viral DNA into singular functional units.


centromere localization

A cellular localization process in which a centromere/kinetochore is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


negative regulation of transcytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.


response to photooxidative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a photooxidative stress, the light-dependent generation of active oxygen species. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.


high-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


estrone sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + estrone = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estrone 3-sulfate.


neuroblast migration

The orderly movement of a neuroblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


somatic processes downstream of sex determination signal

The events determining the somatic sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to soma-specific information pathways.


protein-RNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-RNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


dermatan sulfate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


monensin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monensin A.


viral budding from outer nuclear membrane

The envelopment of a virus, in which the naked capsid evaginates from the host outer nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.


aminolevulinate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminolevulinate + pyruvate = 4,5-dioxopentanoate + L-alanine.


hydroxylysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid. Hydroxylysine is found in collagen and commonly has galactose and then glucose added sequentially by glycosyltransferases.


alcohol O-octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an octyl ester.


Catalysis of the reaction: 11-deoxycorticosterone + NADH + H+ <=> 4-pregnen-20,21-diol-3-one + NAD.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + trimethylsulfonium = (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + dimethyl sulfide + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone = daidzein + H2O.


amnioserosa maintenance

Maintenance of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis.


oxylipin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


phytochelatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.


progesterone 21-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + progesterone + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 21-hydroxyprogesterone + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


positive regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


sinus venosus development

The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


inosinate nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + IMP = D-ribose 5-phosphate + hypoxanthine.


pseurotin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pseurotin A.


positive regulation of cardiac ventricle formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.


lead sulfide oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lead sulfide to lead sulfate.


detoxification of cadmium ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium ion. These may include transport of cadmium away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cadmium ion.


nucleus ambiguus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nucleus ambiguus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


D-glutamate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate = 5-oxo-D-proline + H2O.


positive regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.


germ cell repulsion

The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the repulsion of cells away from a tissue.


negative regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.


3-oxo-palmitoyl-ACP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 3-oxo-palmitoyl-[acp] = 3-oxopalmitic acid + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


phloroglucinol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + phloroglucinol.


lipoteichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


striated muscle contraction involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which force is generated within striated embryonic muscle tissue, resulting in a contraction of the muscle that contributes to the formation of an embryo's characteristic body morphology.


fruit valve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit valve is a part of a fruit that splits apart when the fruit dehisces.


root hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell.


regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.


enniatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores.


dehydroquinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-2,3,7-trideoxy-D-lyxo-hept-6-ulosonic acid + H2O + NAD = 3-dehydroquinate + ammonium + NADH + H+.


regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 7,8-diaminononanoate + S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate.


glutamine binding

Binding to glutamine, 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.


histone H3-K79 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 79 of the histone.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


vegetative phase change

Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


co-transcriptional RNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway

Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled  3' processing of RNA polymerase II RNA transcripts by 3' end cleavage  and addition of a poly(A) tail. This pathway is required for the maturation of primary protein-encoding transcripts into functional RNAs that can be exported from the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm, but is also required for polyadenylation-dependent decay.


2-hydroxypropyl-CoM lyase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (R)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM = H-S-CoM + (R)-1,2-epoxypropane, and (S)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM = H-S-CoM + (S)-1,2-epoxypropane.


regulation of synaptic plasticity by receptor localization to synapse

Any process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require, via receptor localization to the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. Processes may include receptor transport to, and/or maintenance at, the synapse.


poly-N-methyl-propylamination

The modification of peptidyl-lysine by the addition of an N6-propylamino and of propylmethylamino units, forming N6-(propylamino-poly(propylmethylamino)-propyldimethylamine)-L-lysine, typical of the silicate binding protein silaffin.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


glyoxal oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxal + O2 + H2O = glyoxalate + H2O2.


cytidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cytidine, cytosine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.


hypochlorous acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypochlorous acid.


methyl jasmonate methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a jasmonate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methyljasmonate.


glucoside 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + acceptor = 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucosyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside + reduced acceptor.


regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


modulation by virus of host cell cycle

Any viral process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.


positive regulation of meiotic chromosome separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.


ammonium excretion

The elimination of ammonium ions from an excretory cell.


follicular B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a follicular B cell. Follicular B cells are major population of mature recirculating B cells in the spleen and are located in the B-cell follicle region.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methaneselenol => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethyl selenide.


(+)-camphor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.


endospore formation

The process in which a cell gives rise to an endospore, a dormant, highly resistant spore with a thick wall that forms within the mother cell. Endospores are produced by some low G+C Gram-positive bacteria in response to harsh conditions.


ornaline synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithinium(1+) + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+ <=> ornaline + NADP + H2O.


tRNA (guanosine 34-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine 34 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylguanosine 34 in tRNA.


venous endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a venous endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an venous endothelial cell.


P-type sodium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out); by a phosphorylative mechanism.


Catalysis of the reaction: Renilla luciferin + O2 = oxidized Renilla luciferin + CO2 + light.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = H+ + propanoate + cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + OH- = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + CoASH.


glycolate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).


response to symbiont defenses

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cystathionine gamma-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-succinyl-L-homoserine + L-cysteine = cystathionine + succinate.


Z-farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


strand displacement

The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules.


host-mediated regulation of oral microbiota composition

The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells, such as the bacteria, in the mouth.


Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH3 + oxaloacetic acid.


endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).


regulation of chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


intermediate filament polymerization

Assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of component monomers to a filament. Polymerization of intermediate filament proteins results from interactions among several distinct binding sites on the constituent proteins. Nuclear lamin head-to-tail polymers arise from one such interaction. Deletion analysis localized the binding sites to the ends of the rod domain that are highly conserved among all intermediate filament proteins. Data indicate that one type of interaction in intermediate filament protein polymerization is the longitudinal binding of dimers via the conserved end segments of the coiled-coil rod domain.


negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment

Any process that increases the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.


pyridine nucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.


maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements

Any process involved in sustaining CRISPR repeat clusters, including capture of new spacer elements, expansion or contraction of clusters, propagation of the leader sequence and repeat clusters within a genome, transfer of repeat clusters and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes to new genomes, transcription of the CRISPR repeat arrays into RNA and processing, and interaction of CRISPR/cas loci with the host genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) elements are a family of sequence elements containing multiple direct repeats of 24-48 bp with weak dyad symmetry which are separated by regularly sized nonrepetitive spacer sequences.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate = 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.


negative regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,9-dione + H2O = N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate.


alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + glucose-6-phosphate = alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + GDP.


response to beta-carotene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-carotene stimulus.


neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

The process by which diffusing neurotransmitter receptor becomes trapped in region of the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of secondary growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.


spliceosome conformational change to release U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11)

Rearrangement of the pre-catalytic spliceosome containing U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) snRNPs to unpair U4 (or U4atac) from U6 (or U6atac) and release it from the spliceosomal complex along with U1 (or U11).


xylan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.


G protein-coupled receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

A G protein-coupled receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is part of a GPCR signaling pathway that positively regulates ion channel activity in the postsynaptic membrane.


corticosterone binding

Binding to corticosterone.


galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose.


positive regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

Any process that induces or promotes atrichoblast fate specification.


octopamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.


maltose binding

Binding to maltose.


catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.


anaerobic 2-aminobenzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzoate, a derivative of benzoic acid with an NH2 group attached to C2, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.


main body follicle cell migration

The ovarian follicle cell migration process in which follicle cells migrate posteriorly to form a columnar epithelium over the oocyte.


embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


septal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of septal cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


N-ethylmaleimide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-ethylmaleimide + NADPH + 2 H+ = N-ethylsuccinimide + NADP+.


negative regulation of endocytic recycling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.


recombinational interstrand cross-link repair

Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region.


intracellular bile acid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a bile acid binding to an receptor located within a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


histidine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = urocanate + NH3.


regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.


phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + NADH + H+.


flocculation

The reversible, non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms in suspension to form aggregates of many cells known as flocs.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate.


ferric-vibriobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric-vibriobactin ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.


regulation of cerebellar neuron development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.


beta-carotene oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + 2 O2 = 2 beta-ionone + 4,9-dimethyldodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenedial.


negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.


far-red light signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


(-)-endo-fenchol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (-)-endo-fenchol + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene = Cl- + H+ + 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone.


primary oocyte stage

The stage in oogenesis when the oocyte has a nucleus slightly larger than those of the adjacent cells and is surrounded by a layer of loose squamous epithelial cells.


maintenance of protein location in membrane

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


glycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerate from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that increases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


SCF complex disassembly in response to cadmium stress

The disaggregation of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in response to cadmium stress.


formyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + formate + H+.


negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.


penicillinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a penicillin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the penicillin.


regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + propionyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA + propionate.


cortisol binding

Binding to cortisol.


The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


peptide cross-linking via 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone

The formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone cross-links by the formation of a sulfenylamide bond between cysteine or cysteine sulfenic acid, and the alpha-amido of the following residue.


positive regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


conversion of aspartyl-tRNA to asparaginyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of aspartate charged on a tRNA(Asn) to asparaginyl-tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: flavonol 3-O-glycoside + UDP-D-xylose = flavonol 3-O-D-xylosylglycoside + UDP.


protein desuccinylation

The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.


response to mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint signaling.


aerobic respiration, using arsenite as electron donor

The oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Arsenite oxidase provides electrons to an electron carrier which transfers them to oxygen utilizing respiratory systems.


The acetylation of the N-terminal arginine of proteins; catalyzed by an uncharacterized arginyl-peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose 6-phosphate = D-tagatose 6-phosphate.


positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.


pyridoxine 4-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + O2 = pyridoxal + H2O2.


NADPH pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H2O = NMNH + ADP.


D-serine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.


oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


disruption by symbiont of host cell PML body

The breakdown, by the symbiont, of a PML body within a host cell. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


interleukin-13 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-13 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


phosphoenolpyruvate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a phosphoenolpyruvate from one side of a membrane to the other.


cap-independent translational initiation of linear mRNA

The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate linear mRNA translation.


high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


borate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of borate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


paspalinine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: paspalicine + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> paspalinine + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: nuatigenin + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + nuatigenin 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.


adipate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adipate + CoASH = adipyl-CoA + OH-.


galactonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + H2O.


stamen filament development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the filament over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Filament is the stalk of a stamen.


negative regulation of beta-galactosidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2-methylbutanal + CO2.


linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9S,10E,12Z)-9-hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoate.


maintenance of protein location in mast cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


(S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido) succinate lyase (fumarate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


copper incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide

The incorporation of copper into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR2) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


nitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.


cellular response to indolebutyric acid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.


photosynthesis, light reaction

The light reactions of photosynthesis, which take place in photosystems II and I. Light energy is harvested and used to power the transfer of electrons among a series of electron donors and acceptors. The final electron acceptor is NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH. NADPH generated from light reactions is used in sugar synthesis in dark reactions. Light reactions also generate a proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane, and the proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP. There are two chemical reactions involved in the light reactions: water oxidation in photosystem II, and NADP reduction in photosystem I.


endocannabinoid signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an endocannabinoid binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Endocannabinoids are small molecules derived from arachidonic acid, anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.


phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + O2 = 2-phenylacetamide + CO2 + H2O.


negative regulation of basophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.


regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.


7,8-dihydroxy benzo(a)pyrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-7,8-dihydrodiol + O2 = cis-4-(7-hydroxypyren-8-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-ribosyl-base1 + base2 = 2-deoxy-D-ribosyl-base2 + base1.


EGF-domain serine xylosyltransferase activity

Catalyses the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-xylosyl)-L-serine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene = 2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate.


regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity in response to neurotrophin

The process in which a neurotrophic factor induces neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


negative regulation of forward locomotion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of forward locomotion.


calcium ion binding involved in regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The directed change of cytosolic calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in cytosolic calcium concentrations.


starch granule initiation

The sequence of events that initiates (or primes) the synthesis of semi-crystalline starch granules within photosynthetic chloroplasts or non-photosynthetic amyloplasts.


pentose catabolic process to butan-1-ol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to butan-1-ol.


18S rRNA (adenine(1779)-N(6)/adenine(1780)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1779)/adenine(1780) in 18S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1779)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1780) in 18S rRNA.


catalytic activity, acting on RNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


peptidyl-aspartic acid carboxylation

The carboxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-carboxyaspartic acid.


retina blood vessel maintenance

A retina homeostatic process preventing the degeneration of a retina blood vessel.


Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidylethanolamine.


cellular response to maltose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.


regulation of brood size

Any process that modulates brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


(R)-mevalonic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mevalonic acid.


delta6-acyl-lipid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a gamma-linolenoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ <=> a (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-6-ynoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


lactate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


histone H3K122 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 122) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 122).


L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


holocytochrome-c synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: holocytochrome c = apocytochrome c + heme.


negative regulation of fat cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.


dihydride TNP tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: TNP dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form) = TNP dihydride Meisenheimer complex (nitro form).


cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + L-homocysteine = cystathionine + H2O.


ABC-type bacteriocin transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a bacteriocin from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an soluble gas ligand.


modulation of nutrient release by symbiont

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tetrahymanol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = tetrahymanol.


structural constituent of vitelline membrane

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the vitelline membrane of an egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrahydromethanopterin.


negative regulation of response to drug

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.


renal tubular secretion

The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs.


ureidosuccinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H2O + 2 H+ = L-aspartate + CO2 + NH4.


long-chain fatty acid omega-1 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an (omega-1)-ethyl long-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = an (omega-1)-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase.


Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoylshikimate + coenzyme A <=> caffeoyl-CoA + shikimate.


inflorescence phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of flowers around a central axis in an inflorescence meristem.


ribitol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol + NAD+ = D-ribulose + H+ + NADH.


basal dendrite arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the basal neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.


high-affinity thiamine:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: thiamine(out) + H+(out) = thiamine(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


xanthosine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols.


protease localization to T cell secretory granule

Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


depsipeptide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.


protein linear deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is removed from a protein.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sucrose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sucrose(out) = protein histidine + sucrose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


limb basal epidermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb basal epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cell-cell signaling involved in mesonephros development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


poly(C) RNA binding

Binding to a sequence of cytosine residues in an RNA molecule.


DNA-binding transcription factor activity

A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + diacylglycerol.


negative regulation of peptide antigen transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.


L-arabinokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + ATP = beta-L-arabinose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol = 17-beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one + NADH + H+.


regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


growth hormone secretagogue receptor activity

Combining with ghrelin to initiate a change in cell activity.


myoblast fate commitment involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which the developmental fate of a satellite cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


cellular response to nitrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


positive regulation of maternal process involved in parturition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.


membrane curvature sensor activity

Preferential binding of proteins on curved membranes. The binding to curved membranes by insertion (aka wedging) to curved membranes is mediated by both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces of the helix of membrane curvature sensing (MCS) proteins.


oleoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oleic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + oleoyl-CoA.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


nitrite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitrite (NO2-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


trans-zeatin-O-glucoside UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-zeatin = H+ + trans-zeatin-O-glucoside-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


4,9-DSHA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3E,1Z)-4,5-9,10-diseco-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-diene-4-oate + H2O = (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oate + H+.


Atg12 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG12, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


DNA ligation involved in DNA recombination

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA recombination.


regulation of compound eye pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


methionine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine.


fungal-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fungal-type cell wall.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + Na+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + Na+(in).


nucleoside oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: inosine + O2 = 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O; (1a) 2 inosine + O2 = 2 5'-dehydroinosine + 2 H2O, and (1b) 2 5'-dehydroinosine + O2 = 2 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O.


long descending thin limb bend development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment.


specification of plant organ position

The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which plant organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new plant organ.


piperitol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (+)-pinoresinol + NADPH + O2 <=> (+)-piperitol + NADP + 2 H2O.


2,4-dichlorobenzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


positive regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.


haustorium neck formation

The assembly by the symbiont of a neck-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. The neck-like structure connects haustorium mother cell and haustorium. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to olanzapine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an olanzapine stimulus.


negative regulation of lipid localization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.


regulation of pro-T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.


high-affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have a pH above 7. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


sarcosine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + methylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N-methylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


PLC activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system.


phytosteroid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosteroids, steroids of higher plants that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.


mitotic anaphase

The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


tri-(coumaroyl or caffeoyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on tricoumaroyl spermidine or any of its mono- or dicaffeoyl spermidine derivatives.


cellular response to tetracycline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


negative regulation of killing of cells of another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.


vanillate amino acid synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + ATP + amino acid = vanillate amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


galacturonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


D-arginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arginine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid arginine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


L-glucuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NADP+ = D-glucuronate + H+ + NADPH.


acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from ethanol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from ethanol via acetaldehyde.


P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex localization

Any process in which the P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


cellular response to mercaptoethanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.


positive regulation of cellobiose metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-1-phosphatidylethanolamine + L-serine <=> L-1-phosphatidylserine + ethanolamine.


vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.


acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + formate + H+.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fucose(out) + H+(out) = fucose(in) + H+(in).


dimethyl sulfoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfoxide + H+ = dimethyl sulfide + H2O.


sesquiterpene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = a sesquiterpene + diphosphate. Sesquiterpenes are terpenes containing three isoprene units, i.e. 15 carbons.


replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange

The repair of a replication-born double-strand DNA break in which the DNA molecule is repaired using the homologous sequence of the sister chromatid which serves as a template to repair the breaks.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.


negative regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


renal albumin absorption

A renal system process in which albumin is taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron.


3-cyano-L-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-cyano-L-alanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + CTP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


positive regulation of sporangium germination

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.


IAA-Phe conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-phenylalanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + phenylalanine.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + H+(out) = galactose(in) + H+(in).


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


HLA-C specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-C subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


alcohol O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an acetyl ester.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-amino-4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N,N-dimethylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + H2O = NADH + 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


rhombomere 7 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 7 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


seed abscission

The controlled shedding of a seed.


isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine

The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glutamine to produce N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine.


behavioral defense response to nematode

A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism.


10-deacetylbaccatin III 10-O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deacetylbaccatin III + acetyl-CoA = baccatin III + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(645) in 25S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(1)-methyladenine(645) in 25S rRNA.


aspartic acid methylthiotransferase activity

Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) of the beta-carbon of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


negative regulation of cellobiose metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.


reticuline oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-reticuline + O2 = (S)-scoulerine + H2O2 + H+.


negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process by which one organism decreases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


negative regulation of hyphopodium formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


protein localization to mast cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O + NAD+ = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + 2 H+ + NADH.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate during dorsal closure. Leading edge cells are the dorsal-most cells of the migrating epidermis.


Catalysis of the reaction: a halohydrin = an epoxide + a hydrogen halide.


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.


envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.


O-glycan processing, core 3

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 3 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.


protein depalmitoleylation

The removal of palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from a lipoprotein.


non-lytic viral release

The exit of a viral particle from a host cell that does not involve cell lysis.


magnetoreception

The series of events required for an organism to receive a stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Stimuli may be chemical, mechanical or electrical and interpreting these stimuli allows an organism to determine the orientation of a magnetic field. Magnetoreception also involves the perception of light; birds cannot orient without the presence of short wavelength (blue/green) light.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and a copper protein is the acceptor.


N-terminal peptidyl-serine methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = coniferin + UDP.


arylacetonitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile = 4-chlorophenylacetate + NH3.


anal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


urease activity

Catalysis of the reaction: urea + H2O = CO2 + 2 NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-exo-hydroxycamphor + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-diketocamphane.


Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.


phenylalanine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + H2O + NAD+ = phenylpyruvate + NH3 + NADH.


fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

A process in which force is generated within fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fast-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by fast time parameters, high force development and fatiguability.


positive regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.


evasion by virus of host dendritic cell activity

Any process by which a virus avoids the effects mediated by the host organism's dendritic cells.


tRNA guanine ribose methylation

The process whereby a guanosine residue in a tRNA is methylated on the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose moiety.


negative regulation of renal water transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.


response to flooding

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water.


regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.


chromate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chromate from one side of a membrane to the other. Chromate is the anion of chromic acid, H2CrO4 (aq) or CrO3.


response to trichodermin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate.


eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer 8C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 8C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol + UDP(3-) + H+.


astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron signaling

Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from an astrocyte to a dopaminergic neuron.


aldos-2-ulose dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one + H2O; (1a) 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O and (1b) 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one.


macronucleus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the macronucleus.


B cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a B cell.


deoxyuridine 1'-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone + CO2 + succinate + uracil.


viral DNA repair

The process of restoring viral DNA after damage or errors in replication.


alveolar secondary septum development

The progression of a secondary alveolar septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A secondary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that subdivides the initial saccule.


beta-ureidopropionase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + CO2 + NH3.


negative regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.


clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle

The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + pyruvate.


pyripyropene A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyripyropene A.


telomere maintenance via telomere trimming

A process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure via the activation of telomere shortening pathways that compensate telomerase-dependent excessive telomere elongation. Telomere attrition is mediated by a mechanism which involves the generation of single-stranded C-rich telomeric DNA, and the formation and removal of double-stranded telomeric circular DNA (T-circles). Telomere trimming is an independent pathway to recombination-mediated telomere elongation and the well-documented gradual telomere attrition that accompanies cellular replication.


trimming of second mannose on A branch

The removal of the second alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


N-terminal peptidyl-valine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-valine.


3'-5' RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template, via extension of the 5'-end.


(S)-limonene 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + H2O + NADP+.