plasma membrane invagination

An infolding of the plasma membrane.


auxin metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound widely used as a herbicide.


cellular detoxification of methylglyoxal

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of methylglyoxal. These may include chemical modification or transport of methylglyoxal away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyl-(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.


5-epi-aristolochene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-5-epi-aristolochene + diphosphoric acid.


beta-D-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-fucose residues in beta-D-fucosides.


negative regulation of molecular function

Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-noradrenaline + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-(R)-noradrenalinyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+).


mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit rRNA binding

Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA).


miRNA transcription

The cellular synthesis of microRNA (miRNA) transcripts. MicroRNA genes are synthesized as primary (pri) miRNA transcripts and subsequently processed to produce the ~22nt miRNAs that function in gene regulation.


triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity

The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.


regulation of cellotriose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + NADP <=> H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + NADPH.


negative regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.


p-cymene methyl hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: p-cymene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + p-cumic alcohol.


keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.


negative regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.


acrylate:acyl-coA CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + H2O <=> acrylate + coenzyme A + H+.


modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation, via the alternative pathway, in a different organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + hydrogen sulfide = homocysteine + acetate.


positive regulation of ferroptosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.


1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diol + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypropanal + NADH + H+.


intramembrane lipid transporter activity

Enables the transport of a lipid from a region of a membrane to a different region on the same membrane.


dihydropterin oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 7,8-dihydropteridine + O2 = a pterin + hydrogen peroxide.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-glucose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + glucose(out) = protein histidine + glucose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


modulation of heart rate in another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction of another organism.


regulation of octopamine signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.


proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a proximal tubule are generated and organized. The proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


negative regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + phosphatidylcholine = retinyl-ester-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + 2-acylglycerophosphocholine.


cellular response to prostaglandin F stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.


positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation.


acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-CoA + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.


L-altrarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-altrarate.


cocaine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.


auxin binding

Binding to auxin, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


cellular macromolecule localization

Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.


stereocilium maintenance

The organization process that preserves a stereocilium in a stable functional or structural state.


negative regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.


adenosylcobinamide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + H2O = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + adenosylcobyrate.


fraxetin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fraxetin.


RNA cytidine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a cytidine nucleotide.


steroid hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any steroid hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


antigen processing and presentation following receptor mediated endocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen receptor-mediated endocytosis.


teichuronic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria.


tyrosine-arginine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + L-tyrosine + ATP = L-tyrosyl-L-arginine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione + H2O <=> 5-deoxy-D-glucuronate + H+.


regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.


mesonephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.


negative regulation of cell adhesion in ventricular zone

The process that results in the loss of attachments of a cell in the ventricular zone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',3'-c-di-AMP + H2O = 5'-O-phosphonoadenylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine + NAD = (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-methyl-4-ketopentanoate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + H2O = succinic semialdehyde + 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.


regulation of ethanol catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethanol catabolic process.


cellular response to glyoxal

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glyoxal stimulus.


mechanosensitive voltage-gated sodium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel whose activity is modulated in response to mechanical stress. Response to mechanical stress and voltage gating together is different than the sum of individual responses. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a fungal cell, the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


nitrogen compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen.


protein localization to meiotic spindle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle.


negative regulation of lymphocyte anergy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.


RNA cytidine-uridine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an cytidine-uridine dinucleotide.


positive regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation.


protocatechuate catabolic process, ortho-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield beta-ketoadipate.


myosuppressin receptor activity

Combining with the peptide myosuppressin to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate + H2O = 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate + acetaldehyde + 2 H+.


urate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: urate + O2 + H2O = 5-hydroxyisourate + hydrogen peroxide.


negative regulation of R7 cell fate commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment.


cloacal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cloacal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


monocyte antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a monocyte expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


ABC-type nickel transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ni2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Ni2+(in).


negative regulation of cilium movement

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


transforming growth factor beta3 activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-beta3) from its latent state.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + S(2-) = CoA + thioacetate.


sorbose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


tRNA(Ile)-lysidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of lysine onto the cytidine residue present at the wobble position (usually position 34) of an AUA-specific isoleucine tRNA, to form the derivative lysidine. This modification converts both the codon specificity of tRNA(Ile) from AUG to AUA and its amino acid specificity from methionine to isoleucine.


transcription ternary complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a transcription ternary complex, composed of RNA polymerase, template DNA, and an RNA transcript, into its constituent components.


follicle cell microvillus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus on a follicle cell. A microvillus is a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments.


Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


homospermidine synthase (spermidine-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: spermidine + putrescine = sym-homospermidine + propane-1,3-diamine.


3-deoxyoctulosonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxyoctulosonyl-lipopolysaccharide + H2O = 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid + lipopolysaccharide.


Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a glucosylhydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.


Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.


negative regulation of maltotriulose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.


negative regulation of water channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-succinyl-lysine-peptide.


clathrin coat assembly involved in endocytosis

The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into a clathrin cage during endocytosis. Clathrin is recruited to the plasma membrane via interaction with scaffolding proteins that bridge between clathtin and cell surface receptors. Clathrin coat formation is concomittant with coated pit formation leading to endocytic vesicle formation.


nitric oxide sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of nitric oxide (NO).


bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bilirubin is a linear tetrapyrrole produced in the reticuloendothelial system from biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. In the liver, bilirubin is converted to bilirubin bisglucuronide, which is excreted in the bile.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonyl ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a threonyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + N-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


nicotinate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nicotinate from one side of a membrane to the other.


plasma lipoprotein particle disassembly

The disaggregation of a plasma lipoprotein particle into its constituent components.


'de novo' XMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate, from simpler precursors.


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2-hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine + H2O = glucosamine + N-acetylglucosamine.


ACP-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanoyl-[ACP] + L-lysyl-[protein] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-iditol + NAD+ = L-sorbose + NADH + H+.


dUMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).


filtration diaphragm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a filtration diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.


purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of purines present in mismatches, especially opposite oxidized purines, by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic (AP) site.


modulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


trigeminal ganglion formation

The process that gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP+ = uracil + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+.


L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-L-threonate + H+ + NADH.


syn-pimara-7,15-diene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = 9-beta-pimara-7,15-diene + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dichlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 3,4-dichlorobenzoate-cis-4,5-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


B cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by B cells.


regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.


regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.


ADP-dependent medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a medium-chain acyl-CoA = a medium-chain carboxylate + CoA. Requires ADP.


homofuraneol oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: homofuraneol + NADP <=> (2E)-2-ethylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADPH + H+.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor.


tyrosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.


negative regulation of amoeboid sperm motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.


mast cell secretagogue receptor activity

Combining with basic secretagogues to initiate pseudo-allergic reactions in mast cells.


tocotrienol omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tocotrienol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-tocotrienol + NADP+ + H2O .


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose(out) = protein histidine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphate(in).


immune system process

Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.


viral entry into host cell via pilus retraction and membrane fusion

The uptake of a virus into a host cell which occurs via retraction of the viral-bound pilus to bring the virus in contact with the host cell membrane, followed by fusion of the bacteriophage membrane with the host outer membrane.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.


ribonucleotide binding

Binding to a ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein.


Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine) = tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine) + O2. 2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2i6A; 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2io6A and 2-methylthio-cis-ribozeatin.


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + H- = trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form). Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


positive regulation of signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.


negative regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis.


establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in gastrulation

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


pyrimidine dimer DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of pyrimidine dimers by removing the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer and leaves an apurinic (AP) site. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloro-L-alanine + thioglycolate = S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine + chloride + H+.


2'-deoxyadenosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyadenosine + H2O = deoxyinosine + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime = (Z)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime.


D-valine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-valine.


neutral L-amino acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral L-amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = neutral L-amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: carboxymethoxysuccinate = fumarate + glycolate.


dihydrosphingosine-1-P pathway

A phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process that proceeds via the enzymatic action of dihydrosphingosine phosphate lyase.


sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sinapaldehyde + NADPH + H+ = sinapyl-alcohol + NADP+.


development of symbiont in host

The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to oscillatory fluid shear stress

Any response to fluid shear stress where the fluid is moving across a solid surface with an oscillatory flow. Disturbed flow patterns at the arterial bifurcations and curvatures may cause endothelial dysfunction, which initiates atherosclerosis.


hydroxyglutamate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-L-glutamate + H+ = 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate + CO2.


serine-glyoxylate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + glyoxylate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine.


Catalysis of the endolytic cleavage of beta-1,4-galactosaminic bonds between N-acetylgalactosamine and either D-glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid to produce a mixture of Delta4-unsaturated oligosaccharides of different sizes that are ultimately degraded to Delta4-unsaturated tetra- and disaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol = (24R)-24-methylcycloart-25-en-3beta-ol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport across the blood-brain barrier.


tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = CO2 + H2O + indole-3-acetamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage removal

The removal of the oligonucleotide that contains the DNA damage. The oligonucleotide is formed by dual incisions that flank the site of DNA damage.


erythrocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one erythrocyte to one or more other erythrocytes via adhesion molecules.


The process in which one relatively unspecialized immature cystocyte of the germ-line cyst in the germarium acquires the specialized features of an oocyte. An example of this process can be found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucose + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


presynapse organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynapse.


S-methyl-5-thioribose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose + ATP = S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


phytochelatin-metal complex formation

A phytochelatin metabolic process in which a metal is incorporated with phytochelatin to form a complex.


[4Fe-4S] cluster assembly

The incorporation of four iron atoms and four sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.


Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


diphthine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-(methylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine.


2,5-dioxopiperazine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopiperazine + H2O = glycylglycine.


8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar.


cysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + sulfite = L-cysteate + sulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2Z)-2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate + 2 H2O + H+ = 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxobutanoate + acetate + CO2 + NH4.


low-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+.


floral organ abscission

The controlled shedding of floral organs.


enucleation

The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + NADP <=> (6E)-8-hydroxygeranial + NADPH + H+.


positive stranded viral RNA replication

A viral genome replication process where the template genome is positive stranded, single stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA). Replication of the positive strand leads to dsRNA formation, which in turn is transcribed into positive single stranded RNA.


chrysobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoate + ATP = 2-methylpropanoyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


positive regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in another organism.


Catalysis of the transfer of a linoleoyl ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl) group from phosphatidylcholine to an oxygen atom on a cardiolipin molecule.


cellular response to curcumin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a curcumin stimulus.


isopimaradienol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + isopimaradienol + NADPH + O2 <=> isopimaradiene-diol + NADP + H2O.


aldarate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aldarate from one side of a membrane to the other.


virus tail fiber assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus tail fiber.


protein kinase C deactivation

Any process resulting in the inhibition or termination of the activity of protein kinase C.


acetyl-coenzyme A:acetyl alcohol acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl alcohol + acetyl-CoA = benzyl acetate + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-D-glucose = beta-D-glucosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.


homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + O2 = 4-maleylacetoacetate + H+.


leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell

The attachment of a leukocyte to vascular endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


levanase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 2,6-beta-D-fructofuranosidic linkages in 2,6-beta-D-fructans (levans) containing more than 3 fructose units.


phosphocreatine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.


sperm mitochondrial sheath assembly

The assembly and organization of the sperm mitochondrial sheath, the tightly packed helical sheath of ATP-producing mitochondria restricted to the midpiece of the sperm flagellum.


RNA localization to chromatin

A process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.


mating-type factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with a mating-type factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


mesonephric interstitial fibroblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


methanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.


4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase (O-demethylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxybenzoate + AH(2) + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + A + formaldehyde + H2O.


tRNA-derived regulatory ncRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional small regulatory non-coding RNA derived from a tRNA.


protein localization to Cajal body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Cajal body.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


nucleoside ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribosyl-base1 + base2 = D-ribosyl-base2 + base1.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-D-glycero-D-manno-heptose = ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose.


arabinogalactan binding

Binding to arabinogalactan.


response to mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


organic cyclic compound binding

Binding to an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure.


mycolic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.


globoside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of globosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the cardiac right atrium.


presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

Any process, acting in the presynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission.


pole cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a pole cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


N-acetylgalactosamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate.


detection of humidity stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a humidity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of humidity.


septation initiation signaling

The series of molecular signals, mediated by the small GTPase Ras, that results in the initiation of contraction of the contractile ring, at the beginning of cytokinesis and cell division by septum formation. The pathway coordinates chromosome segregation with mitotic exit and cytokinesis.


glossopharyngeal nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the glossopharyngeal nerve to attain its fully functional state. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


cell proliferation involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.


dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.


proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an S1 cell in the kidney.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + D-glucosamine.


ent-cassadiene-C2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2alpha-hydroxy-ent-cassadiene + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-12-ethyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-10-(methoxycarbonyl)-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.0^{1,9}.0^{2,7}.0^{16,19}]nonadeca-2(7),3,5,13-tetraen-16-ium + acetyl-CoA = (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-(acetyloxy)-12-ethyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-10-(methoxycarbonyl)-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.0^{1,9}.0^{2,7}.0^{16,19}]nonadeca-2(7),3,5,13-tetraen-16-ium + CoA.


male germ-line cyst formation

Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single male gonial founder cell.


positive regulation of microglia differentiation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.


initiator methionyl aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the release of N-terminal initiator methionine from peptides.


precorrin-2 dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + precorrin-2 = 2 H+ + NADH + sirohydrochlorin.


negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


histone H4 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H4 substrate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate + acetyl-CoA = L-3-aminobutyryl-CoA + acetoacetate.


cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


negative regulation of ectoderm development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 raffinose = sucrose + 1F-alpha-D-galactosylraffinose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2503) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + rRNA containing C2-methyladenine(2503) in 23S rRNA.


dihydroxyfluorene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = the corresponding 2-hydroxy-4-(oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.


mismatch repair involved in maintenance of fidelity involved in DNA-dependent DNA replication

A mismatch repair process that corrects errors introduced that ensures the accuracy of DNA replication.


movement of group I intron

Lateral transfer of a group I intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron; group I introns are self-splicing introns that use guanosine as a cofactor in the splicing reaction.


ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase

A biosynthetic process that results in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine via a set of steps including the hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase reaction, which converts N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine directly to hercynylcysteine sulfoxide.


sinapate ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivates of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


peptidyl-arginine N5-methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-arginine on the internal nitrogen-5 (N5) atom (also called delta-nitrogen) to form peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-arginine.


D-ribose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose, (ribo-pentose).


maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of shoot apical meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


negative regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.


citrate catabolic process to diacetyl

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrate to diacetyl, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + acceptor = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + reduced acceptor.


presynaptic active zone disassembly

The disaggregation of a presynaptic active zone into its constituent components.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-8-methylnaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate + H+.


head kidney morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the head kidney are generated and organized. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate + H2O = pyruvate + 3-hydroxy-2-formylbenzothiophene.


peptide cross-linking via 3-(3'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine

The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a 3-(3'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + H+(out) = K+(in) + H+(in).


plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of wind

The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


geraniol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + NADP+ = geranial + NADPH.


glutamate catabolic process via 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxoglutarate.


perturbation by symbiont of host microtubule cytoskeleton

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host microtubule cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


21-deoxycortisol binding

Binding to 21-deoxycortisol.


male pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


specification of plant organ axis polarity

The process in which the polarity of a plant organ axis is specified.


primary meristem tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary meristem over time, from formation to the mature structure, as it occurs during plant embryogenesis. The primary meristem tissue is the protoderm, ground meristem and procambium.


3-geranylgeranylindole NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (10,11-epoxidizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-geranylgeranylindole + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 10,11-epoxy-3-geranylgeranylindole + NADP + H2O.


osmoregulated periplasmic glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.


response to G1 cell size control checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloro-D-alanine + H2O = pyruvate + chloride + NH3.


cellular response to protozoan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.


negative regulation of kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


methane monooxygenase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methane + NADH + H+ + O2 = methanol + NAD+ + H2O.


alveolar primary septum development

The progression of a primary alveolar septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A primary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that surrounds the saccule as it forms.


hypochord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta.


negative regulation of asymmetric cell division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.


L-rhamnose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnose = L-rhamnulose.


4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase [NAD(P)H] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


phosphocreatine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine present in high concentration in striated muscle which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase to buffer ATP concentration. It acts as an immediate energy reserve for muscle.


maintenance of protein complex location

Any process in which a protein complex is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of protein complexes that move away.


suppression by symbiont of host innate immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


5-carbamoylmethyl uridine residue modification

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the addition of a 5-carbamoylmethyl group to a uridine residue in RNA.


dethiobiotin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-diaminononanoate + ATP + CO2 = ADP + dethiobiotin + 4 H+ + phosphate.


versiconal hemiacetal acetate esterase activity

Catalyzes the reactions: versiconal hemiacetal acetate + H2O <=> versiconal + acetate, as well as versiconol acetate + H2O <=> versiconol + acetate.


arabinosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an arabinosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


vascular endothelial cell response to oscillatory fluid shear stress

Any response to oscillatory fluid shear stress that occurs in a vascular endothelial cell.


enzyme-substrate adaptor activity

An adaptor that brings together an enzyme and its substrate. Adaptors recruit the substrate to its enzyme, thus contributing to substrate selection and specificity.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + 2 electron-transferring flavoprotein = (E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA + 2 reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene.


high-affinity L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 16-alpha-hydroxygypsogenate = 16-alpha-hydroxygypsogenate-28-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


equatorial microtubule organizing center assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an equatorial microtubule organizing center.


thylakoid membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the thylakoid membrane in the context of a normal process.


Catalysis of the reaction: thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = sulfite + glutathione disulfide + sulfide.


negative regulation of sulfur utilization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.


negative regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.


torso signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to torso (a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: isoscopoletin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> scoparone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


naringenin 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.


gibberellin 20-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the oxidation of C-20 gibberellins to form the corresponding C-19 lactones.


homing of group II introns

Lateral transfer of a group II intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron; group II introns are self-splicing introns with a conserved secondary structure.


secretory granule maturation

Steps required to transform an immature secretory vesicle into a mature secretory vesicle. Typically proceeds through homotypic membrane fusion and membrane remodeling.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.


endosome membrane tubulation

A membrane tubulation process occurring in an endosome membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + myo-inositol = 1L-1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol + D-glucose.


magnetoreception by sensory perception of mechanical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a mechanical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. A magnetic field exerts a torque on a ferromagnetic material (e.g. magnetite) or on a material with diamagnetic anisotropy; organisms that can detect this torque can use it to determine the orientation of the magnetic field.


histone H2AK13 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-13 residue.


appressorium-mediated entry into host

Penetration by a symbiont into a host organism via an appressorium. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


metabotropic glycine receptor activity

Combining with glycine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by changing the activity of intracellular G protein signalling.


xylose binding

Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of xylose.


regulation of inosine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of inosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


inductive mesenchymal to epithelial cell signaling

Signaling at short range from mesenchymal cells to cells of an epithelium that results in a developmental change in the epithelial cells.


accessory nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the accessory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


dextransucrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = D-fructose + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


pyridoxal phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxal phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxal phosphate is pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, and is the active form of vitamin B6.


glutamatergic neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glutamatergic neuron.


establishment of ommatidial planar polarity

The specification of polarized ommatidia. Ommatidia occur in two chiral forms. The trapezoidal arrangement of photoreceptors in the dorsal part of the eye is the mirror image of that in the ventral part.


dorsal vessel heart proper cell fate commitment

The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to a heart proper cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into heart cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lysine(out) + H+(out) = lysine(in) + H+(in).


abscisic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.


linolenate delta15 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + a lipid linoleoyl group + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 2 H2O + a lipid alpha-linolenoyl group + an oxidized electron acceptor.


sebaceous gland placode formation

The developmental process in which a sebaceous gland placode forms. A sebaceous gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sebaceous gland bud.


positive regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.


telomerase RNA localization

Any process in which telomerase RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


histone H3K9me2 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a single methyl group to the dimethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me3.


leucoplast fission

The creation of two or more leucoplasts by division of one leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in nephron morphogenesis

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephron. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


cytidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + cytidine = ADP + CMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: phospholipid + 1,2-diacylglycerol = lysophospholipid + triacylglycerol.


contractile vacuole localization

The directed movement of the contractile vacuole to a specific location.


prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H2 + NADPH + H+ -> prostaglandin F2alpha + NADP+. This reaction is the reduction of prostaglandin H2 ((5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-Epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate) to prostaglandin F2alpha ((5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-Trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate).


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + L-serine = products of ATP breakdown + N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-serine.


melibiose binding

Binding to melibiose.


flavone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone).


pectin binding

Binding to pectin.


arg-arg specific dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two consecutive arginine amino acid residues within a protein.


D-serine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-serine is the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase [NADH] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NAD+.


colon epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of a colonic epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


diarylpropane peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol + H2O2 = 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-glucans.


pancreatic stellate cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic stellate cells, resulting in the expansion of a pancreatic stellate cell population. Pancreatic stellate cells are found in the periacinar space of the exocrine pancreas and in perivascular and periductal regions of the pancreas, and have long cytoplasmic processes that encircle the base of the acinus.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.


inositol tetrakisphosphate 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate.


sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-).


cellular response to aluminum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.


induction of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

The process in which a chemical substance activates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


malonyl-malonyl acyl carrier protein-condensing enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 2 a malonyl-[acp] <=> 2 carbon dioxide + an acetoacetyl-[acp] + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


positive regulation of progesterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.


Catalysis of the reaction: sphinganine 1-phosphate = phosphoethanolamine + palmitaldehyde.


interferon-delta production

The appearance of interferon-delta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


mannose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.


5-oxovalerate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxovalerate + NADP+ + H2O = glutarate + NADPH + H+.


limit dextrinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha- and beta-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen, and in amylopectin and pullulan.


peptide glutaryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + L-lysyl-[protein] = CoA + H+ + N6-glutaryl-L-lysyl-[protein].


mannitol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NAD+ = D-fructose + NADH.


molting cycle, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle

The periodic shedding of part or all of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in the Nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans.


protein-exporting ATPase activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + protein+(out); drives the concomitant secretion of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + leucodopachrome <=> H+ + cyclo-dopa 5-O-glucoside + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: indol-3-yl-methyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = indol-3-yl-methyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


male germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the male gonad.


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpN substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpN = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpN.


2-phenylethylamine receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine 2-phenylethylamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


fluorene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fluorene, a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five-membered ring. It is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives and is also a by-product of coal-conversion and energy-related industries. It is commonly found in vehicle exhaust emissions, crude oils, motor oils, coal and oil combustion products, waste incineration, and industrial effluents.


complement component C3b receptor activity

Combining with the C3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2 = glycerone phosphate + H2O2.


negative regulation of cell migration in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism.


myrtenal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myrtenal + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + myrtenic acid.


generation of mature 3'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in generating the mature 3'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


endosome fission

The process by which early and late endosomes undergo budding and fission reactions that separate regions destined for lysosomal degradation from carriers to be recycled to the plasma membrane.


CAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAG codon.


cell-matrix adhesion involved in tangential migration using cell-cell interactions

The interaction of a cell and the extracellular matrix involved in the directed tangential movement of cells mediated by cell-cell interactions in the developing cerebral cortex.


protein maturation by [4Fe-4S] cluster transfer

The transfer of an assembled 4Fe-4S] cluster from a scaffold protein to an acceptor protein that contributes to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


heat shock-mediated polytene chromosome puffing

The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of heat shock genes on polytene chromosomes in response to a heat shock stimulus.


negative regulation of cuticle pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


histone H3K56 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 56). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


galactitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


response to G2 transition size control checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition size control checkpoint signaling.


central tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs directed at self antigens.


S-linalool synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (S)-linalool + diphosphate.


protocatechuate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ = catechol + CO2.


peptidyl-selenocysteine modification

The modification of peptidyl-selenocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylacetanilide + OH- = N-isopropylaniline + acetate.


glucosylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.


Catalysis of the exolytic cleavage of disaccharide residues from the non-reducing ends of both polymeric chondroitin sulfates and their oligosaccharide fragments.


neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any neurotransmitter receptor activity that is involved in regulating the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly = diphosphate [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly-AMP.


negative regulation of chemokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.


cargo adaptor activity

Binding directly to the structural scaffolding elements of a vesicle coat (such as clathrin or COPII), and bridging the membrane, cargo receptor, and membrane deformation machinery.


seed coat development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed coat over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


citrate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + citrate = acetate + (3S)-citryl-CoA.


indole phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.


symbiont defense to host-produced nitric oxide

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide as part of the innate immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


hopanoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.


sexual sporulation

The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis.


undecaprenyl-diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + H2O = di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate + H+ + phosphate.


regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.


6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose + ATP = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate + ADP.


The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.


strigolactone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving strigolactone.


positive regulation of artery morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.


D-ribose 5-phosphate:D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-ribose 5-phosphate <=> D-glycero-D-altro-octulose 8-phosphate + D-erythrose 4-phosphate.


cellular response to cholecystokinin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholecystokinin stimulus.


interleukin-20 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-20 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


silicon efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of silicon from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering

The attachment of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane to the plasma membrane via molecular tethers.


wing disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the wing disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a wing imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.


beta-fructofuranosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + H2O = a non fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + a beta-D-fructofuranoside.


teichoic acid D-alanylation

The formation of a D-alanyl ester of teichoic acid. Alanylation of teichoic acids modulates the properties of the bacterial cell wall and modulates the inflammatory properties of the teichoic acid.


antigen processing and presentation initiated by receptor mediated uptake of antigen

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface receptor.


peptidyl-lysine 4-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 4-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


propionyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the irreversible NADH-dependent formation of propionyl-CoA from acryloyl-CoA.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in lung development

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane Smoothened-type protein. This process contributes to lung development.


sulfite reductase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + 3 oxidized ferredoxin + 3 H2O = sulfite + 3 reduced ferredoxin.


glycyl-radical enzyme activating activity

Catalyzes the activation of an enzyme by generating an organic free radical on a glycine residue via a homolytic cleavage of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM).


cross-receptor inhibition within G protein-coupled receptor heterodimer

Inhibition of one protomer of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimer by the associated subunit. For example, agonist activation of one cytokine receptor can prevent activation of its associated cytokine receptor subunit.


negative regulation of epithelial tube formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.


blood vessel endothelial cell delamination

The process of negative regulation of cell adhesion that results in blood vessel endothelial cells splitting off from an existing endothelial sheet.


semi-lunar valve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a semi-lunar valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Binding to 5(S)-hydroxyperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds.


ADP-specific glucokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-glucose = AMP + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


regulation of defense response to fungus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to fungus.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + isobutyryl-CoA + FAD <=> methacrylyl-CoA + FADH2.


cellular response to leukotriene B4

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukotriene B4 stimulus.


negative regulation of placenta blood vessel development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of placenta blood vessel development.


glycolytic process from mannose through fructose-6-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose into pyruvate, occurring through a fructose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.


chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the addition or substitution of an OH group on C4 of a halogenated phenol.


floral meristem determinacy

The process in which a floral meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).


peptidyl-methionine oxidation

The oxidation of peptidyl-L-methionine to peptidyl-L-methionine sulfone.


pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.


iminodiacetate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iminodiacetate + OH- = H+ + 2 e- + glyoxylate + glycine.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyl unit in high-mannose glycopeptides and glycoproteins containing the -[Man(GlcNAc)2]Asn-structure. One N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue remains attached to the protein; the rest of the oligosaccharide is released intact.


cytochrome P450 dependent ent-sandaracopimaradiene 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> ent-sandaracopimaradien-3beta-ol + NADP + H2O.


rhombomere boundary formation

The process that gives rise to a rhombomere boundary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a boundary delimiting a rhombomere. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon that are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton

Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


phthalate 3,4-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phthalate + O2 + NADH + H+ = phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol + NAD+.


allantoate deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allantoate + H2O + H+ = CO2 + NH3 + ureidoglycine.


Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.


phototaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 3,3'-bissulfate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = quercetin 3,3',7-trissulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


AMP-thymidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + thymidine = adenosine + thymidine 5'-phosphate.


indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-ethanol + NADP+ = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1L-1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol + UDP-D-galactose = 5-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-myo-inositol D-galactoside + H+ + UDP.


regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor, where the acyl group is a short chain fatty acid residue.


glycerophosphodiester transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerophosphodiesters from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.


The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a cytoplasmic microtubule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


indole acetic acid carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole acetic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl indole acetic acid ester + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


sulfinylpropanyl adenylate synthase

Catalysis of the reaction: cysteine sulfanate + GTP + IMP = sulfinylpropanyl adenylate + GDP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


pronephric duct morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric duct are generated and organized. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the kidney.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 3 CO2 + 2,3',4,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone + 4 coenzyme A.


HNK-1 sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of the HKK-1 carbohydrate epitope; adds a sulfate group to a precursor, GlcA-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->R), forming sulfo-3GlcA-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->R).


negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway in response to increased oxygen levels

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway in response to an increase in oxygen levels.


theanine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + ethylamine.


negative regulation of ERBB4 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB4 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of female pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


regulation of macrophage proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage proliferation.


erythrocyte clearance

The selective elimination of erythrocytes from the body by autoregulatory mechanisms.


glucosinolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans.


regulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling.


endoplasmic reticulum membrane biogenesis

The process in which an endoplasmic reticulum membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.


positive regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


positive regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope.


soyasapogenol B UDP-glucosyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + soyasapogenol B <=> UDP(3-) + a soyasapogenol B monoglucoside.


positive regulation of defense response to oomycetes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.


lectin-induced modified bacterial internalization

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a symbiont organism, mediated by secretion of lectins which bind to the bacterial surface. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of renal albumin absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.


capsorubin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: violaxanthin = capsorubin.


regulation of renal amino acid absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon guidance

Any Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, during the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of the same species.


cellular modified histidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


regulation of transcytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.


negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade.


positive regulation of conidiophore development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.


positive regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.


oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADPH = (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + NADP.


response to vitamin B2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.


intrachromosomal DNA recombination

The process of DNA recombination occurring within a single chromosome.


regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


polyphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phosphate(n) = ADP + phosphate(n+1).


phytoceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phytoceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + phytosphingosine.


rRNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester linkage between guanosine and adenosine residues at one specific position in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes.


spermine acetylation

The modification of spermine by addition of acetyl groups.


positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


methanesulfonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanesulfonic acid, a strong acid produced by the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide.


mesonephric mesenchymal cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


type III interferon receptor activity

Combining with a type III interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


long-chain fatty acid luciferin component ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein + an acid + ATP = an acyl-protein thiolester + diphosphate + AMP. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylcytosine.


regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


Catalysis of the reaction: flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose = flavonol 3-O-L-rhamnosylglucoside + UDP.


positive regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.


vasoconstriction by vasopressin involved in systemic arterial blood pressure control

The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of vasopressin into the blood stream.


biotin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of biotin from one side of a membrane to the other. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


tRNA 4-thiouridine biosynthesis

The processes whereby a uridine residue in a tRNA is converted to 4-thiouridine. Typically 4-thiouridine is found at position 8, in many transfer RNAs.


cellular response to diethyl maleate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diethyl maleate stimulus.


histone H2B C-terminal K residue ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to a histone 2B at the conserved C-terminal lysine (K) residue. The last K residue is at position 119 in fission yeast, 123 in budding yeast, and 120 in mammals.


methionine S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + S-methyl-L-methionine.


regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.


negative regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.


mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate = pyruvate + 7-oxoheptanoate.


photoreceptor cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + undecaprenyl phosphate = GDP + D-mannosyl-1-phosphoundecaprenol.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate <=> H+ + cyanidin 3-O-beta-(2-O-beta-D-glucuronosyl)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


phenyllactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + NAD+ = 3-phenylpyruvate + H+ + NADH.


intermicrovillar adhesion

The cell-cell adhesion process by which adjacent microvilli attach to each other through Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links made of protocadherin-24 and mucin-like protocadherin.


1-methyladenosine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methyladenosine + H2O = 1-methyladenine + ribofuranose.


abaxial cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an abaxial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


histone glutaryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + histone = CoA + H+ + N6-glutaryl-histone.


negative regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


cordyol C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cordyol C.


poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid.


site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (cytosine-N4-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA N4-methylcytosine.


long-chain fatty-acyl-glutamate deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-long-chain-fatty-acyl-L-glutamate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-glutamate.


negative regulation of sensory perception of pain

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.


ventral cochlear nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-phenylalanine + ATP = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-phenylalanine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


stizolobinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 5-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde.


endo-beta-bergamotene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-endo-beta-bergamotene + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP + H+.


negative regulation of monocyte aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.


ventricular zone cell fate commitment

The commitment of neuroblast to become a basal progenitor cell. Basal progenitor cells are neuronal precursor cells that are committed to becoming neurons.


negative regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


peptidyl-lysine deglycation

The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a lysine residue of a glycated protein.


6-phospho-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-beta-D-glucoside-(1,4)-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glucose.


phenylacetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylacetate.


circadian regulation of calcium ion oscillation

Any process that modulates the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ion [Ca2+]cyt with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


fear-induced aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior associated with attempts to flee from a threat.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.


hypoglossal nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-mercaptopyruvate + cyanide = pyruvate + thiocyanate.


regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.


detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


D-mannose 6-phosphate 1-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 6-phosphate = beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate.


stamen development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stamen over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: laricitrin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 3',4'-dimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


hypoxanthine DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated adenine (hypoxanthine).


c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another using c-di-GMP as the signal.


nicotianamine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + 3 H+ + nicotianamine.


indolebutyric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolebutyric acid, a compound that serves as an active or storage form of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin) in many plants.


metanephric glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular mesangial cell.


formation of haustorium for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a haustorium, a projection from a symbiotic cell or tissue that penetrates the host's tissues for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glycerone kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerone = ADP + glycerone phosphate + 2 H+.


high-affinity nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


curli assembly

The process of assembly of curli, extracellular fibers produced by enteric bacteria. This process occurs outside the cell, where it is coupled to secretion across the cell outer membrane via nucleation by elements of the transporter complex.


purine nucleoside interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine nucleoside is synthesized from another purine nucleoside.


sarcosine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sarcosine + H2O + electron-transfer flavoprotein = glycine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.