Neonatal Vaginal Discharge

Secretions which may be thin or tenacious, mucoid or glairy, grayish or milky, occasionally blood tinged, that originate in the vagina and are a consequence of the residual influence of maternal estrogen.


Vasovagal Reaction

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Sudden drop of the blood pressure, bradycardia, and peripheral vasodilation that may lead to loss of consciousness. It results from an increase in the activity of the vagus nerve. It may be triggered by emotions of fear or pain or gastrointestinal upset and may be relieved by lying down while keeping the legs elevated.


Illegal Abortion

Unlawfully induced expulsion of all products of conception.


Postcoital bleeding

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Non-menstrual bleeding that occurs during or after sexual intercourse.


Hemorrhage of vas deferens

Bleeding originating from the vas deferens.


Injury of musculoskeletal system

Damage to the muscles, bones and their supportive structural attachments.


Immediate Postpartum Hemorrhage

Cumulative blood loss of greater than or equal to 1000 ML or blood loss accompanied by signs or symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 hours following the birth process (includes intrapartum loss). (reVITALize)


Infectious Hidradenitis

Hidradenitis that is caused by an infectious agent, usually a bacterium.


Skin Type

A distinctive characteristic of the skin marked by the amount of sebum secreted by sebaceous glands.


Binocular Diplopia

Perception of two images secondary to misalignment of the eyes.


Gum injury

Trauma to the gingiva


Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic finding of a regular supraventricular tachycardia which utilizes an atrioventricular bypass tract as its retrograde limb (orthodromic tachycardia) or as its antegrade limb (antidromic tachycardia). QRS complexes during sinus rhythm may show preexcitation. During orthodromic tachycardia the preexcitation is not present and a retrograde P wave may appear after the QRS complex. During antidromic tachycardia the QRS complex is preexcited. (CDISC)


Labial Fusion

Usually found in girls between 6 months and 6 years of age, this condition occurs wherein the labia grow together instead of as 2 separate folds, thereby blocking the opening of the vagina. It is caused by conditions such as repeated diaper rash, urine and stool infections, and sexual abuse. The condition often spontaneously corrects or responds to the application of estrogen cream.


Fecal Urgency

A continual or recurrent inclination to evacuate the bowels.


Rathke Cleft Cysts

Rathke's pouch cysts are rarely symptomatic in the first two decades of life though they may produce symptoms in the third and fourth decades of life.  When the cysts do present in the first decades of life, the symptoms are generally associated with diabetes insipidus or other conditions related to hypopituitarism.


COVID-19-Associated Acute Digestive System Injury

Acute digestive system injury caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Hypertension secondary to endocrine disorder

A condition of high blood pressure occurring in association with diseases of the endocrine glands.


In Utero Bowel Perforation

Bowel perforation in utero that may result in meconium peritonitis.


Benign congenital hypotonia

Mild hypotonia that usually appears early in infancy and has a favorable outcome. It is not a manifestation of another disorder that may cause hypotonia (e.g., cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy).


Malignant biliary obstruction

Blockage in the biliary tract caused by a malignant neoplasm.


Aortic Injury

Damage to the aorta from traumatic or pathologic processes.


Secondary caries

A carious lesion adjacent to an existing restoration.


Reflex

An automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus.


Focal Motor Weakness

Impairments of brain function, the nerve or spinal cord that affect a specific region of the body.


Psychogenic syncope

A condition in which syncope occurs due to a conversion disorder. (ACC/AHA)


Urostomy Site Bleeding

Hemorrhage from the urostomy site.


Perforation of jejunum

A rupture in the jejunal wall due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


Prostatic perforation

An opening in the prostate gland due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


Spontaneous Preterm Birth

Preterm birth from 20 weeks to 36 weeks, 6 days of gestation associated with one of the following: classic preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes.


Peritumoral Brain Edema

An intracranial edema that develops around a tumor in the meninges or brain.


Heat Sensation

An internal feeling of being warmer without a concomitant change in the ambient environment. (ACC/AHA)


Varicose veins of lower extremity

An abnormally dilated superficial vein in the legs.


Injury of cardiac valve

An event causes abnormal valve function; this is usually a tear in leaflet or chordae tendinae and manifests as a new regurgitant. (ACC)


Muscle Weakness Trunk

A reduction in the strength of the trunk muscles.


Blood Pressure Finding

A test result that reports the diastolic and systolic pressure of the blood.


Syncope with High Risk Cardiac Characteristics

A sudden loss of consciousness with loss of postural tone not related to anesthesia with high risk characteristics. High risk characteristics include non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, or ischemic heart disease with significant ventricular dysfunction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Brugada Syndrome, or Long QT Syndrome. (ACC)


COVID-19-Associated Acute Intestinal Injury

Acute intestinal injury caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Berry Aneurysm

A small cerebral artery aneurysm, characterized by a saccular appearance, that typically forms at the junction of vessels in the circle of Willis.


Cisplatin-Induced Tinnitus

Tinnitus that is caused by exposure to cisplatin.


Grade 3 Seizure, ASTCT ICANS

Any clinical seizure focal or generalized that resolves rapidly or nonconvulsive seizures on EEG that resolve with intervention, as defined by the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) and the Immune Effector Cell Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS) Consensus Grading for Adults.


Congenital obstruction of ureteral orifice

Complete or partial blockage of the ureter at the point where it enters the bladder that is present at birth.


Digestive System Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to the digestive system.


Muscle Weakness Left-Sided

A reduction in the strength of the muscles in the left side of the body.


Ventricular Tachycardia by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic finding of three or more consecutive complexes of ventricular organ with a rate greater than a certain threshold (100 or 120 beats per minute are commonly used). The QRS complexes are wide and have an abnormal morphology. (CDISC)


Varicose veins of lower extremities with inflammation

Inflammation of enlarged and tortuous veins in the hip, thigh, leg and/or foot.


Spermatic Cord Perforation

An opening in the wall of the spermatic cord.


Hemorrhage in bile duct

Bleeding originating from the bile duct.


Closed injury of eyeball

Traumatic injury to one or more intraocular structures without full thickness wound of the eyewall (sclera and cornea). (adapted from the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS))


Hemorrhage of pancreas

Bleeding originating from the pancreas.


Cardiac Arrest Requiring Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Cardiac arrest that is treated by CPR and/or defibrillation, regardless of outcome.


Integumentary System Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to the integumentary system.


Diplopia, Unilateral

Perception of more than one image when viewing with one eye.


Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis

Painful red or pink edematous nodules most commonly found on the palmar and/or plantar regions.


Injury of nose

Trauma to the nose.


Traumatic chylothorax

Accumulation of lymph fluid in the pleural cavity as a result of thoracic trauma.


Jaundice, Hemolytic

Jaundice occurring as a result of red blood cell rupture.


Indicated Preterm Birth

Preterm birth from 20 weeks to 36 weeks, and 6 days of gestation that is necessitated by the medical condition of the mother or fetus.


Arteriovenous graft stenosis

Narrowing of the lumen of an arteriovenous graft.


Acquired supradiaphragmatic diverticulum of esophagus


Testicular perforation

A rupture through the testicular tissue.


Arrhythmia by ECG Finding

An arrhythmia that is detected on an electrocardiograph.


Late Pregnancy Loss

The loss of a pregnancy between 13 and 22 weeks.


Carious Dentin

Tooth decay that has invaded the dentin, creating dentin that is partially demineralized and containing mineral crystals in the tubules.


Myocardial Contusions

A bruise to the heart.


Faceplant

A syncopal event in which there is no attempt to protect oneself from the effects of the fall.


Grade 4 Seizure, ASTCT ICANS

Life-threatening prolonged seizure (>5 min); or repetitive clinical or electrical seizures without return to baseline in between seizures, as defined by the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) and the Immune Effector Cell Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS) Consensus Grading for Adults.


Congenital Testicular Failure

Testicular failure, the cause of which is present at birth.


Miscarriage in second trimester

Pregnancy loss between 14 weeks 0 days and 21 weeks 6 days gestation.


Multifocal Atrial Premature Complex by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic finding of premature atrial complexes which have 2 or more distinct morphologies, suggesting origin at more than one atrial site. (CDISC)


Diminished mental function after chemotherapy.


Postpartum Shock

Severe loss of blood pressure leading to inadequate tissue perfusion after the delivery of the fetus.


Acquired solitary multilocular renal cyst

A single cyst in the kidney with several compartments.


injury of esophagus with open wound into cavity

Trauma to the esophagus associated with a break in the tissue that extends into the thoracic cavity.


Left Bundle Branch Block by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic finding of a wide QRS complex with evidence of delayed conduction to the left ventricle, manifested as a widened initial portion of the QRS complex in leads V5, V6, I and aVL and with QRS duration greater than or equal to 120 ms. (CDISC)


Persistent Fetal Bradycardia

A decrease in the fetal heart beat rate below 110 per minute or below the normal baseline value expected for the particular fetal age for a period of more than 10 minutes.


Contusion of liver

Bruising of the liver.


Rupture of globe

Full thickness wound of the eyewall (cornea and/or sclera) due to blunt trauma. (adapted from the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS))


Intraocular Pressure

The fluid pressure within the eye.


Persistent Fetal Tachycardia

A fetal heart rate above 160 bpm that is sustained for longer than 10 minutes.


Peripheral Embolus

Acute occlusion of a peripheral blood vessel resulting from intravascular migration of material. Examples of embolic material include thrombus, fat, bone marrow, air, and amniotic fluid. (ACC)


Injury of liver without open wound into abdominal cavity

Trauma to the liver without indication of associated damage to the skin and other internal and external tissues.


Left ventricular aneurysm

A bulge or ballooning in the wall of the left ventricle of the heart.


Nontraumatic rupture of bladder

Rupture in the bladder wall due to a pathologic process, in the absence of trauma.


Cerebral Venous Aneurysm

A balloon type pouch or bulge in the wall of a cerebral vein.


Rectal Obstruction

Blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the rectum.


Foot Injuries

Trauma to the foot.


enlarged prostate with lower urinary tract symptoms

The enlargement of the prostate with associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) which include voiding or obstructive symptoms such as hesitancy, poor and/or intermittent stream, straining, prolonged micturition, feeling of incomplete bladder emptying, dribbling, etc., and storage or irritative symptoms such as frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, and nocturia.


Urethral Perforation

A rupture in the wall of the urethra due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


Intraoperative Hepatobiliary Injury

Damage to the hepatic parenchyma and biliary tract during a surgical procedure.


Central nervous system epidermoid tumor

A lesion which is characterized by an irregularly nodular opalescent wall which has caused it to be termed a "pearly tumor". The Intramural contents are soft and waxy with a variable amount of cholesterol.


Laryngopharyngeal Dysesthesia

A disorder characterized by an uncomfortable persistent sensation in the area of the laryngopharynx.


Legally Induced Abortion

Lawfully induced expulsion of all products of conception.


Prostatic Obstruction

Squeezing of the urethra secondary to enlargement of the prostate gland, resulting in voiding symptoms (straining to void, slow urine stream, and incomplete emptying of the bladder).


Acute Submassive Pulmonary Embolism

Acute pulmonary embolism with evidence of right ventricular dysfunction, but not associated with systemic hypotension.


Frequent Premature Atrial Complexes by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic tracing demonstrating frequent premature atrial contractions that exceed an acceptable, predetermined threshold. Different thresholds may apply to different patient populations.


Decreased Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Diminished clarity of vision despite optimal optical correction (glasses and/or contacts).


Eye Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to the eye.


Lupus Headache

A severe, persistent headache that occurs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and is nonresponsive to narcotic analgesia.


Unspecified postpartum hypertension

High blood pressure in the period of time immediately after labor and delivery.


idiopathic precocious puberty

Precocious puberty for which no underlying cause can be identified.


Normal Sinus Rhythm

An electrocardiographic finding of an atrial rhythm which originates from the sinoatrial node that is considered normal for the population. There are no extra beats or conduction abnormalities. (CDISC)


Late Preterm Birth

Birth when a fetus is between 34 weeks and 0 days through 36 weeks and 6 days gestational age.


Back Arching

A convex curvature of the spine that occurs when an individual thrusts forward the shoulders and pulls back the abdomen.


Antepartum Stillbirth

Fetal death greater than or equal to 20 weeks of gestation prior to labor with Apgar scores of 0 at 1 minute, 5 minutes and beyond.


Injury of pancreas

Trauma to the pancreas.


Syncope due to Pulmonary Hypertension

A condition in which syncope occurs associated with a sudden and severe increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. (ACC/AHA)


Pharyngeal Dysesthesia

An unusual sensation in the area of pharynx. It may be the initial manifestation of seizures associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.


Vessel perforation

Damage to a blood vessel resulting from a full thickness disruption in the integrity of the vessel wall.


Foreign Body in Digestive Tract

Extraneous material located within the gastrointestinal tract.


Ocular Contusion

A closed globe injury without violation of the eyewall (cornea and/or sclera), resulting in injury to one or more intraocular structures. (adapted from the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS))


Atrial perforation

A rupture in atrial tissue due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


Cardiovascular System Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to the cardiovascular system.


Second trimester bleeding

Excessive blood loss within the second trimester but prior to onset of labor.


Superior vena cava stenosis

Abnormal narrowing of the lumen of the superior vena cava.


Cold Sensation

An internal feeling of being cooler without a concomitant change in the ambient environment. (ACC/AHA)


Injury to Inferior Vena Cava

Damage to the inferior vena cava from traumatic or pathologic processes.


Immune System Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to the immune system.


Cyst of parathyroid

An epithelium-lined, fluid-filled cyst containing parathyroid hormone that is usually located in an inferior parathyroid gland, but may be found in other locations in the neck or mediastinum.


Malignant pericardial effusion

Presence of fluid in the pericardial space as a complication of malignant disease.


Laceration of esophagus

A torn, ragged, mangled wound, or an accidental cut of esophagus.


Bladder hemorrhage

Bleeding originating from the urinary bladder wall.


Miscarriage in first trimester

Pregnancy loss at less than 14 weeks 0 days gestation.


Hemorrhage from ureter

Bleeding originating from the ureter.


Head and Neck Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to the head and neck.


Dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta

A dissecting aneurysm formed between the intimal and medial layers of the wall of the proximal portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta.


Fetal Finding

Any intrauterine symptom or result related to the fetus.


Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic finding of a wide QRS complex with evidence of delayed conduction to the right ventricle, manifested by a widened initial portion of the QRS in V1 and V2, a widened S wave in V5, V6, I and aVL, and with QRS duration less than 120 ms. (CDISC)


Disturbance in Bowel Function

Abnormal functioning of the small and/or large intestine.


Unifocal Atrial Premature Complex by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic finding of premature atrial complexes which have a single distinct morphology, suggesting origin at one atrial site.


Acquired chylothorax

Chylothorax that results from malignancies (usually lymphoma), trauma to the thoracic duct, tuberculosis, or sarcoidosis.


Heart Injuries

Trauma to the cardiac muscle or valves.


Respiratory System Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to the respiratory system.


Level of Consciousness

The level of awareness of an organism.


Locally Advanced Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Vulvar Acquired Melanocytic Nevus

A benign nevus that arises from the vulva during childhood and grows with increasing age.


Cocarboxylase

An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.


biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex that consists of fibronectin bound to tissue transglutaminase, and is involved in cell adhesion.


right lung

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA].


left lung

Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA].


Mucous polyp of cervix

A polypoid lesion that arises from the cervix and contains mucus.


WHO Grade 1 Glioma

A category of low grade gliomas that includes subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, angiocentric glioma, and subependymoma.


Third Ventricle Pilocytic Astrocytoma

A pilocytic astrocytoma occurring in the third ventricle.


Recurrent Pilocytic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of pilocytic astrocytoma after a period of remission.


Adult Pilocytic Astrocytoma

A pilocytic astrocytoma occurring in adults.


Recurrent WHO Grade 1 Glioma

The reemergence of WHO grade 1 glioma after a period of remission.


Adult Subependymoma

A subependymoma that occurs during adulthood.


Refractory WHO Grade 1 Glioma

WHO grade 1 glioma that is resistant to treatment.


Adult Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma

A subependymal giant cell astrocytoma occurring in adults.


Recurrent Childhood Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma

The reemergence of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Childhood Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Childhood Pilocytic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of pilocytic astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Stage II Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor 2 cm or larger, but smaller than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Perinatal intracranial hemorrhage

Bleeding within the skull of a newborn infant occurring around the time of birth.


Perinatal intraventricular hemorrhage

Bleeding within the cerebral ventricles occurring around the time of birth.


Perinatal subependymal hemorrhage with intraventricular and intracerebral extension

A hemorrhage that involves the subependymal region, the lateral cerebral ventricles and the brain tissue occurring around the time of birth.


Subependymal haemorrhage

Bleeding within the subependymal germinal matrix.


Intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity

Bleeding within the cerebral ventricles in a preterm infant.


Intracranial tumor hemorrhage

A  brain hemorrhage caused by an intracranial tumor.


Intraventricular Hemorrhage Related to Birth

Bleeding into the cerebral ventricles that occurs during labor and/or delivery.


Grade 2 Intraventricular Hemorrhage of the Newborn

Bleeding into the lateral cerebral ventricles of a newborn infant without acute ventricular dilatation.


Intraventricular (nontraumatic) hemorrhage, grade 3, of fetus and newborn

Bleeding into the lateral cerebral ventricles of a newborn infant with ventricular dilatation directly attributable to the acute bleeding.


Intracranial Hemorrhage Related to Birth

Bleeding within the skull of a newborn infant occurring during labor and/or delivery.


Intraventricular Hemorrhage with Parenchymal Hemorrhage of the Newborn

Bleeding into the lateral cerebral ventricles and the adjacent brain tissue of a newborn infant.


Cerebral Hemorrhage Related to Birth

Intracranial bleeding in the tissue of the cerebrum of a newborn infant occurring during labor and/or delivery.


Parotid Gland Warthin Tumor

An adenoma that arises from the parotid gland. It is characterized by an oncocytic, often papillary, epithelial component, dense lymphoid stroma, and cystic spaces. A strong association with smoking has been reported. It typically presents as a painless swelling in the lower portion of the parotid gland.


Skin Cavernous Hemangioma

A cavernous hemangioma arising from the skin.


Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Penis

A variant of penile squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of islands of cells with uniform, vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli and a dense lymphocytic infiltrate.


Carcinoma Cuniculatum of the Penis

A variant of verrucous carcinoma of the penis. It is characterized by a labyrinthine growth pattern.


Penile Lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises from penile skin, subcutis, corpora cavernosa, and spongiosum. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common primary penile lymphoma. (WHO 2016)


Stage 0is Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0is includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Penile cancer with a finding of carcinoma in situ (penile intraepithelial neoplasia [PeIN]). N0: No lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Penile Carcinoma

Penile carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Penile Lymphangioma

A lymphangioma that occurs in the skin of the penis.


Childhood Malignant Penile Neoplasm

A rare malignant neoplasm of the penis that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIA Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1b: Penile cancer with tumor exhibiting lymphovascular invasion and/or perineural invasion or is high grade (i.e., grade 3 or sarcomatoid). T2: Penile cancer with tumor invading into corpus spongiosum (either glans or ventral shaft) with or without urethral invasion. N0: No lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Papillary Carcinoma of the Penis, Not Otherwise Specified

A low-grade, well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis.  It is characterized by the presence of papillary architectural patterns and hyperkeratosis.  It is not associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Stage III Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: T1-3, N1, M0; IIIB: T1-3, N2, M0. T1: Glans: Penile cancer with tumor invading lamina propria. Foreskin: Penile cancer with tumor invading dermis, lamina propria, or dartos fascia. Shaft: Penile cancer with tumor invading connective tissue between epidermis and corpora regardless of location. All sites with or without lymphovascular invasion or perineural invasion and is or is not high grade. T2: Penile cancer with tumor invading into corpus spongiosum (either glans or ventral shaft) with or without urethral invasion. T3: Penile cancer with tumor invading into corpora cavernosum (including tunica albuginea) with or without urethral invasion. N1: Penile cancer with two or less unilateral inguinal metastases, no extranodal extension. N2: Penile cancer with three or more unilateral inguinal metastases or bilateral metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Penile Hemangioma

A hemangioma that occurs in the skin of the penis.


Grade II Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the proliferation of transformed basaloid cells that occupy the lower two thirds of the epithelial thickness.


Penis carcinoma recurrent

A carcinoma of the penis that reappears after a period of remission.


Penile Mucosal Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the mucosa of the penis.


Non-Human Papillomavirus-Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis and is not caused by human papillomavirus infection.  Morphologic variants include pseudohyperplastic, pseudoglandular, verrucous, papillary, adenosquamous, sarcomatoid and mixed squamous cell carcinoma types.


Penile intraepithelial neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic lesion that arises from the penis. It is characterized by dysplastic changes of the squamous epithelium with an intact basement membrane.


Bowenoid papulosis of penis

A cutaneous, usually multifocal lesion in the penis characterized by the presence of verrucous papules.  It is caused by human papillomavirus infection.  Morphologically there is bowenoid dysplasia present.  Progression to invasive carcinoma is infrequent.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to penis

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the penis from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


Penile Schwannoma

A schwannoma that occurs in the penis.


Myointimoma

A rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm that occurs in the glans and corpora of the penis. It is characterized by the proliferation of spindle-shaped myofibroblasts in the intravascular spaces.


Penile Neurofibroma

A neurofibroma that occurs in the penis.


Basaloid (Undifferentiated) Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis characterized by full-thickness replacement of the squamous epithelium by immature, small, monotonous, basophilic cells. The cells have round to oval nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, and scant cytoplasm. Apoptosis and mitotic figures are prominent. (WHO 2016)


Stage IV Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Penile cancer with tumor invading into adjacent structures (i.e., scrotum, prostate, pubic bone). N3: Penile cancer with extranodal extension of lymph node metastases or pelvic lymph node metastases. M1: Distant metastasis present. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clear Cell Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis

A squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with clear cytoplasm.


Warty (Bowenoid) Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis characterized by a slightly spiking papillomatous surface with atypical parakeratosis. There is prominent cellular pleomorphism, koilocytosis, and mitoses. Unlike in basaloid penile intraepithelial neoplasia, there is squamous maturation. (WHO 2016)


Stage IIIA Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Glans: Penile cancer with tumor invading lamina propria. Foreskin: Penile cancer with tumor invading dermis, lamina propria, or dartos fascia. Shaft: Penile cancer with tumor invading connective tissue between epidermis and corpora regardless of location. All sites with or without lymphovascular invasion or perineural invasion and is or is not high grade. T2: Penile cancer with tumor invading into corpus spongiosum (either glans or ventral shaft) with or without urethral invasion. T3: Penile cancer with tumor invading into corpora cavernosum (including tunica albuginea) with or without urethral invasion. N1: Penile cancer with two or less unilateral inguinal metastases, no extranodal extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIB Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Penile cancer with tumor invading into corpora cavernosum (including tunica albuginea) with or without urethral invasion. N0: No lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Penis

A carcinoma of the penis characterized by the presence of mucinous and glandular neoplastic cells, admixed with islands of neoplastic cells showing squamous differentiation.


Penile Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of penile cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to penile squamous cell carcinoma and associated histologic subtypes. It does not apply to urethral carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanomas. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Penile Cutaneous Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the skin of the penis.


Differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia

Intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis usually presenting as a solitary white or pink macule or plaque that may be slightly elevated. A background of long-standing lichen sclerosus is often present. It is characterized by a thickened epithelium, subtle abnormal cellular maturation, and atypical basal layer cells. Parakeratosis is common. (WHO 2016)


Pseudohyperplastic Carcinoma of the Penis

A multifocal, extremely differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. It typically occurs in older patients and is associated with lichen sclerosus.


Adult Penile Carcinoma

A carcinoma of the penis that occurs during adulthood.


Penile Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that occurs in the penis.


Penile Leiomyoma

A leiomyoma that occurs in the penis.


Penile Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A rare primary mesenchymal neoplasm in the penis.


Pseudoglandular Carcinoma of the Penis

A penile squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the formation of gland-like structures.


Stage 0 Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: 0is: Tis, N0, M0; 0a: Ta, N0, M0. Tis: Penile cancer with a finding of carcinoma in situ (penile intraepithelial neoplasia [PeIN]). Ta: Penile cancer with a finding of noninvasive localized squamous cell carcinoma. N0: No lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIB Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T1-3, N2, M0. T1: Glans: Penile cancer with tumor invading lamina propria. Foreskin: Penile cancer with tumor invading dermis, lamina propria, or dartos fascia. Shaft: Penile cancer with tumor invading connective tissue between epidermis and corpora regardless of location. All sites with or without lymphovascular invasion or perineural invasion and is or is not high grade. T2: Penile cancer with tumor invading into corpus spongiosum (either glans or ventral shaft) with or without urethral invasion. T3: Penile cancer with tumor invading into corpora cavernosum (including tunica albuginea) with or without urethral invasion. N2: Penile cancer with three or more unilateral inguinal metastases or bilateral metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Human Papillomavirus-Related Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Penile Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A rare malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that occurs in the penis.


Papillary-Basaloid Carcinoma of the Penis

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis.  It is characterized by a papillary exophytic or endophytic growth pattern.


Stage 0a Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0a includes: Ta, N0, M0. Ta: Penile cancer with a finding of noninvasive localized squamous cell carcinoma. N0: No lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Low Grade Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the proliferation of transformed basaloid cells that occupy the lower one third of the epithelial thickness.


Penile Epithelioid Hemangioma

An epithelioid hemangioma that occurs in the skin of the penis.


High Grade Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the proliferation of transformed basaloid cells that occupy either the lower two thirds of the epithelial thickness (grade II) or the entire thickness of the epithelium (grade III, Bowen atypia, or squamous cell carcinoma in situ).


Stage II Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0); IIB: (T3, N0, M0). T1b: Penile cancer with tumor exhibiting lymphovascular invasion and/or perineural invasion or is high grade (i.e., grade 3 or sarcomatoid). T2: Penile cancer with tumor invading into corpus spongiosum (either glans or ventral shaft) with or without urethral invasion. T3: Penile cancer with tumor invading into corpora cavernosum (including tunica albuginea) with or without urethral invasion. N0: No lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Warty-Basaloid Carcinoma of the Penis

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis.  It is characterized by a warty (condylomatous) and basaloid features.


Penile Angiosarcoma

A rare angiosarcoma that affects the penis.


Warty-Basaloid Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis characterized by the presence of a variable mixture of warty and basaloid cells. (WHO 2016)


melanoma of penis

A melanoma that arises from the penis. It may be cutaneous or mucosal. The most common site of involvement is glans penis.


Metastatic Penile Cancer

Carcinoma of the penis which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage I Penile Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Penile cancer with tumor without lymphovascular invasion or perineural invasion and is not high grade (i.e., grade 3 or sarcomatoid). N0: No lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Non-Human Papillomavirus-Related Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis that is not caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Locally Advanced Penile Carcinoma

Penile carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Current Hepatitis B Infection

Hepatitis B infection is evident at the time of testing.


Vein of the Head or Neck

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Any blood vessel within in the head or neck that transports deoxygenated blood.


Acute Intrapartum Hypoxic Event

A sentinel hypoxic event occurring during labor, with evidence of fetal metabolic acidosis in the fetal umbilical arterial blood; a sudden and sustained fetal bradycardia or the absence of fetal heart rate variability in the presence of persistent, late, or variable decelerations (category III tracing); previously normal Apgar scores that are 0-3 beyond 5 minutes.


Stage IIIB Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor of any size invading adjacent organ(s), such as the vagina, urethra, or bladder. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


amino acid transport complex

A heteromeric protein complex consisting of a multi-transmembrane spanning subunit (the light chain) and a type II glycoprotein subunit (the heavy chain) that functions to transport amino acids across a plasma membrane.


anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the anterior aspect of inferior region of head of pancreas.


posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the posterior aspect of inferior region of head of pancreas.


repressor ecdysone receptor complex

A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) plus an associated corepressor such as SMRTER, which represses transcription of target genes.


vagus X nerve trunk

A nerve trunk that is part of a vagus nerve.


Esophageal Fistula

An abnormal communication between the esophagus and another organ or anatomic site.


smooth muscle tissue of respiratory bronchiole

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Automatically generated definition].


Uterine Corpus Spindle Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

A smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential that arises from the uterine corpus and is composed of neoplastic spindle cells.


D-threonine

An optically active form of threonine having D-configuration.


Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma

A rare, highly aggressive renal cell carcinoma caused by germline mutation of fumarate hydratase. It arises mostly in the setting of hereditary leiomyomatosis-renal cell carcinoma syndrome.


Acephalostomia

A congenital defect characterized by the absence of most or all of the head, with the presence of a mouth-like opening on the upper thorax.


Myositis, Proliferative

A rapidly growing, poorly circumscribed, mass-forming proliferation that arises from the skeletal muscle. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts, round ganglion-like cells, myxoid to collagenous stroma formation, and high mitotic activity. It recurs only rarely following local excision and does not metastasize.


Pancreatic Beta Cell Adenoma

An adenoma arising from the beta cells of the pancreas.  It produces insulin.


Carcinoma of lower gum

A carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the lower gingiva.


Carcinoma of upper gum

A carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the upper gingiva.


Gingival Spindle Cell Carcinoma

A poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the gingiva. It is characterized by the presence of malignant pleomorphic spindle cells.


Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the gingival mucosa. It presents as an ulcerated lesion or exophytic mass. The prognosis is usually poor.


Gingival Angiofibroma

A benign neoplasm arising from the fibrous soft tissues of the gingiva. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and numerous dilated vascular channels.


Lower Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the lower gingiva.


carcinoma of gingiva

A carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the upper or lower gingiva.


Upper Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the upper gingiva.


Retromolar Trigone Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the retromolar trigone. Pain, often radiating to the ear, is the presenting symptom. The prognosis is poor.


Metastatic Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

A fibrolamellar carcinoma that has spread from the liver to another anatomic site.


capillary blood

A blood that is part of a capillary.


seminal clot

A portion of semen in a coagulated state.


arterial blood

A blood that is part of a artery.


nacre

An organic-inorganic composite material produced by some mollusks as an inner shell layer; it is also what makes up pearls. It is very strong, resilient, and iridescent. Nacre is found in some ancient lineages of bivalve gastropod and cephalopod. The inner layer in the great majority of mollusk shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, frequently resulting in a non-iridescent shine or less commonly in non-nacreous iridescence such as flame structure (e.g. conch pearl). Pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Many other families of mollusk also have a nacreous inner shell layer, including marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae. Nacre is composed of hexagonal platelets of aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate) 10-20 µm wide and 0.5 µm thick arranged in a continuous parallel lamina. These layers are separated by sheets of organic matrix composed of elastic biopolymers (such as chitin, lustrin and silk-like proteins)[WP].


scrotal sweat

Any portion of sweat that is produced by a sweat gland of the scrotum.


mammary gland fluid/secretion

A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards.


ocular refractive media

Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light.


umbilical cord blood

Blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth[WP].


bulbourethral gland secretion

A bodily secretion that is produced by a bulbourethral gland.


excreta

A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


venous blood

A blood that is part of a vein.


meibum

An oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye's tear film.


bodily fluid

Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not.


sweat of palm

Sweat that is produced by the glands on the palmar and plantar surfaces.


haemolymphatic fluid

Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs.


milk

An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation.


meconium

A dark greenish mass that accumulates in the bowel during fetal life and is discharged shortly after birth.


placental blood

Blood located in the placenta.


secretion of exocrine gland

A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands.


sweat of axilla

Sweat that is produced by the glands of the axilla.


secretion of serous gland

Any fluid produced by a serous gland.


mating plug

A gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species. It is deposited by a male into a female genital tract and later hardens into a plug or glues the tract together.


transudate

Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces.


seminal vesicle fluid

A bodily secretion that is produced by a seminal vesicle.


prostate gland secretion

A bodily secretion that is produced by the prostate gland.


Paranasal sinus teratocarcinosarcoma (type)

A malignant sinonasal neoplasm with combined histological features of teratoma and carcinosarcoma, lacking malignant germ cell components. (WHO 2017)


carcinosarcoma of salivary gland

An aggressive, high grade malignant tumor that arises from the salivary gland. It is characterized by the presence of a malignant epithelial and a sarcomatous component.


Lacrimal Gland Carcinosarcoma

An aggressive, high grade malignant neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of a malignant epithelial and a sarcomatous component.


Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland

A benign, slow-growing tumor that arises from the parotid gland.  It is composed of cells that demonstrate both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. It is the most common neoplasm of salivary gland origin and women are more often affected than men.


Recurrent Childhood Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma

The reemergence of anaplastic oligoastrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Malignant Mixed Tumor of the Major Salivary Gland

A malignant tumor arising from the parotid gland, submandibular gland, or sublingual gland.  It includes carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, a malignant epithelial tumor arising from a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma and carcinosarcoma which is characterized by a mixture of malignant epithelial and sarcomatous elements.


Conjunctival Adenosquamous Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the conjunctiva. It is characterized by the presence of a variable combination of squamous (epidermoid) cells and mucous cells, arranged in invasive sheets, cords, and ducts. (WHO 2018)


Stage III Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: T3a, N0, M0; IIIB: T3b, N0, M0; IIIC: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor limited to the uterus. T2: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor extending beyond the uterus, within the pelvis. T3: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues. T3a: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues at one site. T3b: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues at more than one site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adenocarcinoma with cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia

An invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by focal or extensive cartilage and/or bone formation.


Recurrent Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma

The reemergence of anaplastic oligoastrocytoma after a period of remission.


Uterine Carcinosarcoma, Homologous Type

A carcinosarcoma of the uterus characterized by the presence of sarcomatous elements that arise from the tissues of the uterus.


Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of uterine corpus adenosarcoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Testicular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Teratoma with Seminoma

A malignant mixed germ cell tumor arising from the testis.  It is characterized by the presence of a mixture of embryonal carcinoma, a teratomatous component, and a seminomatous component.


Metastatic Endometrial Adenosquamous Carcinoma

Endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma of pancreas

A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas showing a mixture of acinar and neuroendocrine malignant cells.


Benign Cervical Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of benign epithelial and benign mesenchymal elements. This category includes adenofibroma and adenomyoma.


Primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma

An extremely rare and highly aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the peritoneum.  Morphologically, it is a high grade tumor, composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.


Hybrid Salivary Gland Tumor

A rare neoplasm that arises from the salivary gland and consists of at least two histologically distinct types of tumor within the same topographic location. The tumor components can be either benign or malignant.


Uterine Carcinosarcoma, Heterologous Type

A carcinosarcoma of the uterus characterized by the presence of sarcomatous elements composed of tissues that are not found in the uterus (e.g., bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle).


Appendix Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Liver Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the liver and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Salivary Gland

A very rare pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands that metastasizes inexplicably, despite the benign histopathologic features.  The most common sites of metastasis are bone, lung, and head and neck.


Oropharyngeal Pleomorphic Adenoma

A pleomorphic adenoma that arises from the oropharynx.


Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues at one site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Borderline Serous Cystadenofibroma

A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from a site in the female reproductive system. Almost all cases have been reported in the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of cystic spaces which are lined by atypical serous epithelial cells. The surrounding ovarian stroma is fibrotic. There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


Advanced Uterine Corpus Carcinosarcoma

Uterine corpus carcinosarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor limited to the uterus. T2: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor extending beyond the uterus, within the pelvis. T3: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Advanced Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Mullerian) Tumor

A malignant mixed mesodermal (Mullerian) tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


carcinosarcoma of liver

An aggressive carcinoma with a sarcomatous component that arises from the liver.  The sarcomatous component is clonally related to the more differentiated, carcinomatous component.  The prognosis is usually poor.


Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Hair Follicle Neoplasm


Stage I Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor limited to the uterus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma

A cervical adenosquamous carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Testicular Mixed Choriocarcinoma and Seminoma

A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis.  It is characterized by a mixture of choriocarcinoma and seminomatous morphologic elements.  Patients may present with painless or painful testicular swelling.


Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Differentiation

A rare carcinoma of the skin characterized by the presence of squamous cell carcinomatous and sarcomatous components.


Sellar Mixed Germ Cell Tumor

A mixed germ cell tumor that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Cellular Pleomorphic Adenoma

A pleomorphic adenoma with increased cellularity.


Metastatic Vaginal Adenosquamous Carcinoma

Vaginal adenosquamous carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Anal Canal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the anal canal.  It is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Recurrent Childhood Oligoastrocytoma

The reemergence of oligoastrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Hard Palate Pleomorphic Adenoma

A benign, slow-growing and painless neoplasm that arises from the minor salivary glands in the hard palate.  It is composed of cells that demonstrate both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation.


carcinosarcoma of gallbladder

A carcinoma that arises from the gallbladder and it is characterized by the presence of a sarcomatous component.  The sarcomatous component may contain osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, or rhabdomyosarcoma elements.


Mixed neuroendocrine-non neuroendocrine neoplasm

A rare neoplasm that consists of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine cellular components. At least 30% of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Metastatic Uterine Corpus Carcinosarcoma

Uterine corpus carcinosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Testicular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Teratoma

A malignant mixed germ cell tumor arising from the testis, characterized by the presence of an embryonal carcinomatous component and a teratomatous component.


Gallbladder Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the gallbladder and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Benign Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Hair Follicle Neoplasm

A benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal type neoplasm occurring in the hair follicle.


Sinonasal Pleomorphic Adenoma

A pleomorphic adenoma that arises from the sinonasal tract.


Metastatic Carcinosarcoma

Carcinosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Hybrid Salivary Gland Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma that arises from the salivary gland and consists of at least two histologically distinct types of carcinoma within the same topographic location. The carcinoma components usually are adenoid cystic carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, and/or salivary duct carcinoma. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is commonly the predominant component.


Adult Mixed Glioma

A mixed glioma that occurs during adulthood.


Malignant chondroid syringoma

A rare malignant skin neoplasm that arises from a benign mixed tumor of the skin (chondroid syringoma).


Uterine Ligament Adenomyoma

A benign neoplasm that arises from the broad or other uterine ligaments. It is characterized by the presence of a glandular and a mesenchymal component.


Testicular Mixed Choriocarcinoma and Embryonal Carcinoma

A malignant mixed germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma morphologic components.


Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues at more than one site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Mixed parotid tumor

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the parotid gland.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelial and mesenchymal elements.  This category includes pleomorphic adenoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, and carcinosarcoma.


Childhood Oligoastrocytoma

An oligoastrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Gastric Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Minor Salivary Gland Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma

A carcinoma that arises from a pleomorphic adenoma in the minor salivary glands.  Patients usually present with a history of a long-standing tumor mass which grew rapidly in the past few months.  Patients with non-invasive or minimally invasive carcinoma have an excellent prognosis.  In cases where there is invasion of the surrounding tissues, the clinical course is aggressive.


Oral Cavity Pleomorphic Adenoma

A benign, slow-growing and painless neoplasm that arises from the salivary glands in the oral cavity.  It is composed of cells that demonstrate both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation.


Stage IA Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor limited to the endometrium/endocervix. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Testicular Mixed Choriocarcinoma and Yolk Sac Tumor

A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis.  It is characterized by a mixture of choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor morphologic elements.  Patients may present with painless or painful testicular swelling.


Recurrent Oligoastrocytoma

The reemergence of oligoastrocytoma after a period of remission.


Pancreatic Mixed Ductal-Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A rare mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the pancreas and is composed of ductal adenocarcinoma and a neuroendocrine neoplastic component. The latter is usually a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma and rarely a well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor.


Testicular Mixed Yolk Sac Tumor and Teratoma

A malignant non-seminomatous germ cell tumor arising from the testis.  It is characterized by a mixture of yolk sac and teratomatous morphologic elements.  Patients may present with painless or painful testicular swelling.


Malignant Submandibular Gland Mixed Tumor

A malignant tumor arising from the submandibular gland.  It includes carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, a malignant epithelial tumor arising from a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma and carcinosarcoma which is characterized by a mixture of malignant epithelial and sarcomatous elements.


Benign Uterine Corpus Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the uterine corpus and is composed of epithelial and mesenchymal elements. Representative examples include adenomyoma and adenofibroma.


Testicular Mixed Yolk Sac Tumor and Teratoma with Seminoma

A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis.  It is characterized by a mixture of yolk sac, teratomatous, and seminomatous morphologic elements.  Patients may present with painless or painful testicular swelling.


Mixed Carcinoma

A carcinoma characterized by the presence of more than one malignant epithelial histologic pattern.


Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: M1: Distant metastasis (excluding adnexa, pelvic, and abdominal tissues). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Recurrent Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma

The reemergence of cervical adenosquamous carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IB Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor invading to less than half of the myometrium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Malignant Mixed Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

A malignant myoepithelioma characterized by the presence of a minor ductal component.


Childhood Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma

An anaplastic oligoastrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Gallbladder Goblet Cell Carcinoid

An invasive mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder characterized by the presence of neoplastic signet-ring cells resembling goblet cells of the intestine.


Ampulla of Vater Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region. It is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Childhood Mixed Glioma

A mixed glioma that occurs during childhood.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor extending beyond the uterus, within the pelvis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


adenosquamous carcinoma of tongue

A rare adenosquamous carcinoma that arises from the tongue.


Testicular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Seminoma

A malignant mixed germ cell tumor arising from the testis.  It is characterized by the presence of a mixture of embryonal carcinoma and a seminomatous component.


Refractory Uterine Corpus Carcinosarcoma

Uterine Corpus Carcinosarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


Advanced Carcinosarcoma

Carcinosarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Choriocarcinoma combined with other germ cell elements

A malignant mixed germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of a choriocarcinomatous component admixed with another germ cell component (e.g. embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, or seminoma).


Recurrent Endometrial Adenosquamous Carcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma after a period of remission.


Malignant Vaginal Mixed Tumor Resembling Synovial Sarcoma

A very rare malignant mixed epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the vagina and resembles synovial sarcoma.  It is characterized by a biphasic pattern and is composed of gland-like structures that are lined by epithelial cells and a cellular mesenchymal component.


Malignant Parotid Gland Mixed Tumor

A malignant tumor arising from the parotid gland.  It includes carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, a malignant epithelial tumor arising from a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma and carcinosarcoma which is characterized by a mixture of malignant epithelial and sarcomatous elements.


Odontogenic Carcinosarcoma

An extremely rare malignant mixed odontogenic neoplasm in which both the epithelial and the mesenchymal components are cytologically malignant. (WHO 2017)


Infiltrating Bladder Mixed Carcinoma

An infiltrating bladder carcinoma characterized by the presence of more than one histologic pattern.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Adenosquamous Carcinoma

An adenosquamous carcinoma associated with the presence of human papillomavirus infection.


Esophageal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the esophagus and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Vaginal Adenosquamous Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular and malignant squamous epithelial components.


Laryngeal Pleomorphic Adenoma

A very rare pleomorphic adenoma that arises from the larynx.


Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor invading bladder or rectum. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Mixed Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

A benign myoepithelioma characterized by the presence of a minor ductal component.


Vulvar Composite Hidradenoma Papilliferum and Fibroadenoma

A benign composite neoplasm that arises from the vulva and is characterized by mixed histopathologic features of hidradenoma papilliferum and fibroadenoma.


Testicular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Yolk Sac Tumor

A malignant non-seminomatous germ cell tumor arising from the testis.  It is characterized by a mixture of embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac morphologic elements.  Patients may present with painless or painful testicular swelling.


Pancreatic Mixed Acinar-Ductal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A very rare carcinoma that arises from the pancreas showing a mixture of acinar, neuroendocrine, and ductal carcinoma elements.


Trichoblastic Carcinosarcoma

A rare biphasic follicular neoplasm consisting of a malignant epithelial component resembling follicular germinative cells closely associated with a malignant stromal component differentiating towards specific follicular mesenchyme. (WHO 2018)


Metastatic Digestive System Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the digestive system and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Hybrid nerve sheath tumor

A benign nerve sheath tumor characterized by the combination of histologic features seen in schwannomas, neurofibromas, and perineuriomas.


Pleomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland

A benign, usually encapsulated neoplasm of the lacrimal gland composed of epithelial and mesenchymal cells.  Pleomorphic adenomas are neoplasms that develop in the salivary glands or heterotopic salivary gland tissues.  It has been suggested that myoepithelial cells play a major role in the histogenesis of these tumors.  In the lacrimal gland, pleomorphic adenomas presumably develop from metaplastic myoepithelial cells.


Malignant Mixed Tumor of the Minor Salivary Gland

A malignant tumor arising from the minor salivary glands.  It includes carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, a malignant epithelial tumor arising from a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma and carcinosarcoma which is characterized by a mixture of malignant epithelial and sarcomatous elements.


Seminal Vesicle Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor

A rare biphasic neoplasm that arises from the seminal vesicle. It is characterized by the presence of stromal and benign epithelial elements. This category includes cystadenoma, fibroadenoma, and adenosarcoma.


Soft Palate Pleomorphic Adenoma

A benign, slow-growing and painless neoplasm that arises from the minor salivary glands in the soft palate.  It is composed of cells that demonstrate both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation.


Breast Pleomorphic Adenoma

A rare, benign and well circumscribed neoplasm that arises from the breast.  It is characterized by the proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells surrounded by chondroid stroma.


Stage IC Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IC includes: T1c, N0, M0. T1c: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor invading more than half of the myometrium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IV Uterine Corpus Adenosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Uterine corpus adenosarcoma with tumor invading bladder or rectum. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (excluding adnexa, pelvic, and abdominal tissues). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Mullerian) Tumor

A malignant mixed mesodermal (Mullerian) tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinosarcoma

The reemergence of uterine corpus carcinosarcoma after a period of remission.


Parotid Gland Carcinosarcoma

An aggressive, high grade malignant tumor that arises from the parotid gland. It is characterized by the presence of a malignant epithelial and a sarcomatous component.


parotid lymph node

A lymph node found near the parotid gland.


superficial parotid lymph node

A parotid lymph node that is located superficially.


Gallbladder Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm, High Grade

A non-invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of severe atypia.


Vulvar Adenocarcinoma of Mammary Gland Type

A primary invasive malignant epithelial neoplasm of the vulva showing morphological features of recognized breast adenocarcinomas. (WHO, 2014)


Vulvar Adenocarcinoma, Intestinal-Type

A rare adenocarcinoma of intestinal type that arises from the vulva. The morphological features are those of a mucinous adenocarcinoma.


superior epigastric vein

A vein that drains into the internal thoracic vein, anastomosing with the inferior epigastric vein at the level of the umbilicus and drains the anterior part of the abdominal wall and some of the diaphragm. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named artery, the superior epigastric artery.


epigastric vein

A vein that drains the anterior abdominal wall.


superficial epigastric vein

The superficial epigastric vein is a vein which travels with the superficial epigastric artery. It joins the accessory saphenous vein near the fossa ovalis.


inferior epigastric vein

The blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood that arises from the superior epigastric vein and empties into the external iliac vein.


biotins

Compounds containing a biotin (5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid) skeleton.


A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.


mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix

Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized.


avascular GAG-rich matrix

Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans.


non-mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix

Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized.


metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus

Juxtaglomerular apparatus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.


mesonephric juxtaglomerular apparatus

The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO].


Cervical Squamotransitional Carcinoma

A human papillomavirus-related cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of papillary structures with fibrovascular cores. It is covered with multiple layers of atypical cells that resemble cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3.


pericardial visceral mesothelium

A visceral mesothelium that is part of a pericardium.


mesothelium of pericardial cavity

A mesothelium that is part of a pericardium [Automatically generated definition].


pericardial parietal mesothelium

A parietal mesothelium that is part of a pericardium.


mesothelium of serous pericardium

A mesothelium that is part of a serous pericardium.


Transformed migraine

Episodes of migraine occurring on 15 or more days per month, for more than three months.


spinal cord dorsal column

The wedge-shaped fiber bundle of white matter in the dorsomedial side of the spinal cord that is made up of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus; it is part of the ascending posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway that is important for well-localized fine touch and conscious proprioception.


Antero-Lateral Column

The lateral white column of the spinal cord between the lines of exit and entrance of the anterior and posterior nerve roots.


A reactive proliferation of the conjunctival epithelium associated with the presence of prominent glandular elements.


Spinal arthritis deformans

Degenerative arthritis of the spinal column.


Spastic Paraplegia 30

An autosomal recessive subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by mutation(s) in the KIF1A gene, encoding kinesin-like protein KIF1A.


Presenile dementia

The presence of dementia in an individual younger than age sixty five.


Spastic Paraplegia 76

An autosomal recessive sub-type of hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by mutation(s) in the CAPN1 gene, encoding calpain-1 catalytic subunit.


serosa of fundus of stomach

A serous membrane that is part of a fundus of stomach.


serosa of stomach

The outermost layer of the stomach wall, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum.


renal efferent arteriole

The blood vessels that convey blood from the glomerulocapillary network to the capillary bed of the proximal convoluted tubule.


Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with inv(16)(p13.1q22); CBFB-MYH11

An acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13.1q22) occurring in adults.


Moniliform hamartoma

A type of pilosebaceous hamartoma characterized by the development of a linear, flesh colored, fine papular eruption on the head, neck and upper chest after puberty.


Apocrine Sweat Gland Hamartoma

A hamartoma characterized by localized apocrine sweat gland malformation.


Recurrent Endometrial Undifferentiated Carcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Endometrial Undifferentiated Carcinoma

Endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor that arises from the esophagus.  The majority are spindle cell tumors that exhibit high mitotic activity and affect the distal esophagus.


blastocyst

The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO].


Stage IVB Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0). T4b: Oral cavity cancer with very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0). T4b: Lip and oral cavity cancer with very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Oral Cavity Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Stage IVB Oral Cavity Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Stage IVB Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0). T4b: Lip and oral cavity cancer with very advanced local disease. Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Oral Cavity Cancer AJCC v6 and v7


Stage IVB Lip Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0). T4b: Lip cancer with very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


iliac vein endothelium

An endothelium that is part of an iliac vein.


Pathologic Stage IB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


inferior mesenteric vein

A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted].


Vein of Galen Malformations

An arteriovenous malformation in the vein of Galen that is located at the base of the brain. The malformation may result in developmental delays, hydrocephalus, seizures, and congestive heart failure.


lateral corticospinal tract

Part of the corticospinal tract located in the spinal cord, formed as 75 to 90% of the corticospinal fibers cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. This tract descends the length of the spinal cord in the lateral white column (Adapted from Brain Info).


ventral corticospinal tract

Part of pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract) containing uncrossed fibers and traveling in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord.


Dextro-Transposition of the Great Vessels with Ventricular Septal Defect

A congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal arrangement of any of the primary blood vessels of the heart in conjunction with a pathologic opening between the cardiac ventricles.


dipeptide

Any molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


Stage II Low-CSD Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2b, N0, M0); (T3a, N0, M0); IIB: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0); IIC: (T4b, N0, M0).  T2b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, with ulceration.  T3a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 2.01-4.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  T3b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 2.01-4.0 mm in thickness, with ulceration.  T4a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  T4b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness, with ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Ed.)


Stage II Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2b, N0, M0); (T3a, N0, M0); IIB: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0); IIC: (T4b, N0, M0).  T2b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, with ulceration.  T3a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 2.01-4.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  T3b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 2.01-4.0 mm in thickness, with ulceration.  T4a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  T4b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness, with ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Stage II Lentigo Maligna Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7


Stage IIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0.  T4b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness, with ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Stage IIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIB includes: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0).  T3b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 2.01-4.0 mm in thickness, with ulceration.  T4a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Stage IIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T3a, N0, M0).  T2b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, with ulceration.  T3a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 2.01-4.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


hindbrain pia mater

A pia mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition].


cervical transformation zone epithelium

The area of epithelium that lies between the native and unaffected columnar epithelium of the endocervical canal and the native squamous epithelium deriving from the vaginal and ectocervical squamous epithelium.


deep fibular nerve

A branch of the common peroneal nerve. It innervates the ankle and toes.


superficial fibular nerve

A branch of the common fibular nerve that innervates the fibularis longus and brevis muscles, and via branches innervates parts of the dorsal part of the pes.


epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 3 joint

Joint that articulates the epibranchial 3 cartilage or bone and pharyngobranchial 3 cartilage or bone. Epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 3 joint is paired.


Atypical Vascular Proliferation

Benign vascular proliferations following external radiation. The lesions present in adults, predominantly in elderly women following radiotherapy for breast carcinoma. They arise from the radiated skin and are papules, small vesicles, or erythematous ecchymotic plaques with prominent telangiectasias. Identical lesions can occur after radiation for cervical carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and melanoma. There is an increased risk for subsequent development of angiosarcoma.


Atypical Vascular Lesion of Breast

Benign vascular proliferations following external radiation for breast carcinoma. The lesions arise from the radiated skin and are papules, small vesicles, or erythematous ecchymotic plaques with prominent telangiectasias. There is an increased risk for subsequent development of angiosarcoma.


Ycf2/FtsHi complex

A protein complex located in the chloroplast inner membrane and facing the stroma that is associated with the chloroplast inner membrane translocase complex and provides the ATPase motor activity to drive import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma.


Bladder squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of bladder squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Bladder cancer recurrent

The reemergence of bladder carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

The reemergence of non-muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Bladder adenocarcinoma recurrent

A recurrence of adenocarcinoma of the bladder after a period of remission.


Urothelial carcinoma bladder recurrent

The reemergence of bladder urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME, TYPE II

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome due to resistance to anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), resulting from mutations in the AMH receptor (AMHR) gene.


lumenal side of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the lumen.


lumenal side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the lumen.


Stage IV Paranasal Sinus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); IVB: (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4a: Maxillary sinus: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades anterior orbital contents, skin of cheek, pterygoid plates, infratemporal fossa, cribriform plate, sphenoid or frontal sinuses.  Ethmoid sinus: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades any of the following: anterior orbital contents, skin of nose or cheek, minimal extension to anterior cranial fossa, pterygoid plates, sphenoid or frontal sinuses.  T4b: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades any of the following: orbital apex, dura, brain, middle cranial fossa, cranial nerves other than maxillary division of trigeminal nerve, nasopharynx, or clivus.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma, Intestinal-Type with Papillary Pattern

An intestinal-type adenocarcinoma that arises from the sinonasal tract. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.


Stage IVA Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0). T4a (lip): Tumor invades through cortical bone or involves the inferior alveolar nerve, floor of mouth, or skin of face (i.e., chin or nose).  T4a (oral cavity): Tumor invades adjacent structures only (e.g., through cortical bone of the mandible or maxilla, or involves the maxillary sinus or skin of face). Note: Superficial erosion of bone/tooth socket (alone) by a gingival primary is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4. T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension and 5 mm or less DOI. T2: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, DOI greater than 5 mm and equal or less than 10 mm or tumor greater than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension and 10 mm or less DOI. T3: Tumor size greater than 4 cm or any tumor greater than 10 mm DOI. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE(-). N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or larger than 3 cm but not larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE (-); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension, ENE(-). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic Salivary Gland Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the oral cavity stage II

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Locally Advanced Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IVC Lip Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer by AJCC v6 and v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of lip and oral cavity carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th and 7th editions.


Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Lip basal cell carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma arising from the lip.


Unresectable Head and Neck Carcinoma

Carcinoma that arises from the head and neck region and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IVB Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T4b: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades any of the following: orbital apex, dura, brain, middle cranial fossa, cranial nerves other than maxillary division of trigeminal nerve, nasopharynx, or clivus.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Paranasal Sinus Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the paranasal sinus that occurs during childhood.


Locally Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Sinonasal Spindle Cell Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arising from the sinonasal tract. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with spindle cell features.


Lower Alveolar Ridge Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from the lower alveolar ridge.


Stage I Nasal Cavity Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1:Tumor restricted to any one subsite, with or without bony invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Salivary Gland Secretory Carcinoma

A rare, low-grade carcinoma of the salivary gland with favorable clinical outcome.  It usually arises from the parotid gland and less often from the minor salivary glands.  It shares the same histopathologic features and molecular characteristics (ETV6 gene rearrangement) with secretory breast carcinoma.


Sinonasal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Hard Palate Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

An adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the minor salivary glands in the hard palate.


An adenocarcinoma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.  Histologically it resembles intestinal carcinoma or adenoma.  It is associated with lengthy occupational exposure to dust.


Ameloblastic Carcinoma Derived From Odontogenic Cyst

A rare, aggressive malignant tumor that originates from an odontogenic cyst in the maxillomandibular region.  It combines the histologic features of an ameloblastoma and carcinoma.


Adenocarcinomas that arise from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and do not resemble salivary gland adenocarcinomas. This category includes intestinal-type and non-intestinal type adenocarcinomas.


Recurrent Lip and Oral Cavity Carcinoma

The reemergence of lip and/or oral cavity carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Salivary Gland Carcinoma

A salivary gland carcinoma that has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage III Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T3: Tumor 4 cm or larger in greatest dimension or minor bone erosion or perineural invasion or deep invasion. Deep invasion is defined as invasion beyond the subcutaneous fat or larger than 6 mm; perineural invasion for T3 classification is defined as tumor cells within the nerve sheath of a nerve lying deeper than the dermis or measuring 0.1 mm or larger in caliber, or presenting with clinical or radiographic involvement of named nerves without skull base invasion or transgression. T1: Tumor smaller than 2 cm in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor 2 cm or larger, but smaller than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE(-). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Carcinoma of base of tongue

A carcinoma that arises from the base of the tongue.  Representative examples include squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.


Stage I Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Maxillary sinus: Tumor limited to the maxillary sinus mucosa with no erosion or destruction of bone.  Nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus: Tumor restricted to any one subsite, with or without bony invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IV Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: IVA (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0);. IVB (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a (lip): Tumor invades through cortical bone, inferior alveolar nerve, floor of mouth, or skin of face, i.e., chin or nose. T4a (oral cavity): Tumor invades adjacent structures (e.g., through cortical bone, into deep [extrinsic] muscles of tongue, maxillary sinus, skin of face). T4b: Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N2a: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in dimension. N2b: Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N2c: Metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Head and Neck Merkel Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare Merkel cell carcinoma affecting the head and neck lymph nodes. It may represent metastasis from a regressed dermal primary. (WHO 2017)


Primary Intraosseous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Derived From Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor

A rare, well-differentiated, keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma that arises centrally from the jaw and is associated with the presence of a keratocystic odontogenic tumor.


Head and Neck Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the head and neck.


Upper Alveolar Ridge Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from the upper alveolar ridge.


Advanced Head and Neck Carcinoma

A head and neck carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Posterior Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the base of the tongue.  It usually presents as a painful ulcerated lesion.


Sinonasal Human Papillomavirus-Related Carcinoma with Adenoid Cystic-Like Features

A distinctive HPV-related non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract arising most frequently from the maxillary sinus or nasal cavity. Most patients present with nasal obstruction and/or epistaxis. It is characterized by the presence of basaloid cell proliferations separated by collagenous fibrous bands. The basaloid cells align around microcystic spaces.


Stage 0 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anterior Tongue Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

An adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the minor salivary glands in the anterior tongue.


Unresectable Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck metastatic

A head and neck squamous cell carcinoma which has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IV Oral Cavity Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: IVA (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0);. IVB (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: (oral cavity) Tumor invades adjacent structures (e.g., through cortical bone, into deep [extrinsic] muscles of tongue, maxillary sinus, skin of face).  T4b: Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  N2a: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in dimension.  N2b: Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  N2c: Metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Sinonasal NUT Carcinoma

A highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It is characterized by mutations and rearrangement of the NUT gene.


Sclerosing Odontogenic Carcinoma

A rare, low-grade primary intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws, with bland cytology, markedly sclerotic stroma, and aggressive infiltration. It is characterized by single-file thin cords, nests, and strands of epithelium in a densely sclerotic stroma. Cytologically, individual epithelial cells are bland, with infrequent mitoses. Their cytoplasm may show vacuolation or partial clearing. There is no squamous differentiation. Despite the benign appearance, there is invasion of skeletal muscle, and perineural infiltration is characteristic. (WHO 2017)


Sinonasal Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma

A poorly differentiated carcinoma that arises from the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses.


Stage IVA Oral Cavity Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0). T4a: Oral cavity cancer with moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades adjacent structures only (e.g., through cortical bone [mandible or maxilla] into deep [extrinsic] muscle of tongue [genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, and styloglossus], maxillary sinus, skin of face). T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the oral cavity stage III

Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Metastatic Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity which has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.