AIDS-Related Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in HIV-positive patients.  It is composed of a mixture of lymphocytes of various sizes.


Vaginal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

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A rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the vagina.


Vulvar Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of vulvar carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Adnexal Cribriform Carcinoma

A rare indolent adnexal carcinoma with a cribriform pattern.


Pancreatic Poorly Cohesive Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the pancreas and is characterized by the presence of isolated malignant cells or malignant cells that form small aggregates.


Columnar Cell Change of the Breast

A columnar cell lesion characterized by the presence of enlarged terminal ductal lobular units with dilated acini.  The acini are lined by one or two layers of columnar epithelial cells.  Apical cytoplasmic snouts may be present, but they are not prominent.  Secretions may be present in the lumina of the dilated acini.


Locally Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Recurrent Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Appendix Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of appendiceal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition. Carcinoid tumors are staged separately. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage III Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0, G3, G4. T3: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Extra Lumbar Vertebra

A congenital anomaly of the spine, where an extra or supernumerary lumbar vertebra arises from below the 5th lumbar vertebra.


Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer

Stage IB1 includes: T1b1, N0, M0.  T1b1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Deficiency of reductase

A deficiency in an enzyme that promotes reduction of an organic compound.


Cauliflower-Like Mass

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Intraoperative Renal Injury

Damage to the kidney during a surgical procedure.


Stage IV Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor


Transient hyperinsulinism that occurs in response to neonatal stress resulting in prolonged neonatal hypoglycemia, which is distinct from transitional hypoglycemia of typical infants.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising from Previous Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

An acute myeloid leukemia developing in patients with a prior history of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm.


Lacrimal Drainage System Melanoma

An extremely rare melanoma that arises from the lacrimal drainage system.


Metallosis

Aseptic fibrosis or local necrosis secondary to metal corrosion and release of wear debris.


AIDS-Related Malignant Neoplasm

Malignant neoplasms that develop in HIV infected patients.  The most common AIDS-related malignant neoplasms are Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, anal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma.


Unresectable Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

Acral lentiginous melanoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Locally Advanced Vaginal Carcinoma

Vaginal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Cervical Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cervical cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Disseminated Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

Juvenile xanthogranuloma disseminated to extracutaneous sites including mucosal surfaces, lung, central nervous system, pituitary, lymph nodes, eye, liver, and bone marrow. It is characterized by the presence of lipid-laden, foamy histiocytes and Touton-type giant cells forming nodules in the affected anatomic sites.


Stage II Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3,N0, M0).  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to stomach

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the stomach from another organ or system, or from another primary gastric tumor. The primary gastric tumor is not in continuity with the metastatic lesion.  Representative examples of metastatic malignant neoplasms to the stomach include breast, lung, and esophageal metastatic carcinomas and melanomas.


Small cell glioblastoma

A morphologic variant of glioblastoma characterized by the presence of a highly proliferative and monotonous population of malignant small glial cells.


Acquired Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the cause of which is not present from birth.


Metastatic Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma

Urethral urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy

Partial or complete paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve.


Childhood Lymphoma by AJCC v8 Stage

Staging systems for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas of childhood. Different systems are used for Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma of childhood. Staging of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma is the same as for the adult counterpart and is based on the Lugano classification criteria. The Ann Arbor staging system has been found to be inappropriate for staging of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas of childhood. The St. Jude staging system has been widely accepted and remains the recommended staging system for non-Hodgkin lymphomas of childhood. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to extrahepatic bile ducts

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the extrahepatic bile ducts from another anatomic site.  Representative examples include metastatic melanoma and metastatic breast and gastric carcinomas.


Cutaneous epithelioid angiomatoid nodule

A distinctive benign cutaneous vascular proliferation with prominent epithelioid morphology. It appears to be reactive. (WHO 2018)


Stage IIIC Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIIC includes: IIIC1: TX, T0, T1-3, N1, M0; IIIC2: TX, T0, T1-3, N2, M0. TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor strictly confined to the cervix (extension to corpus should be disregarded). T2: Tumor invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T3: Tumor extending to pelvic sidewall and/or involving the lower third of vagina, and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. The pelvic sidewall is defined as the muscle, fascia, neurovascular structures, and skeletal portions of the bony pelvis. Cases with no cancer-free space between the tumor and pelvic wall by rectal examination are FIGO III. N1: Tumor with regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes only. N2: Tumor with regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Cervical Microglandular Hyperplasia

A benign endocervical gland proliferation characterized by the presence of closely packed glands composed of columnar to cuboidal cells with subnuclear mucin vacuoles. It is associated with progestins or pregnancy.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Ampulla of Vater Somatostatin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region.  It produces somatostatin.


Recurrent Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

The reemergence of adenoid cystic carcinoma after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma

A cervical carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Unresectable Plexiform Neurofibroma

Plexiform neurofibroma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Prostate Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of prostate cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the prostate gland. It does not apply to sarcomas, urothelial cell carcinomas, and urothelial carcinoma of bladder involving prostate. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Transitional cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Infection

The invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents and their multiplication, as well as the reaction by the host to these organisms and/or toxins that the organisms produce.


Refractory Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Dermatitis

Dermatitis associated with the therapeutic use of an immune checkpoint inhibitor.


Stage II Liver Cancer

Stage II carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms

A primary, noninvasive, slow growing neoplasm of the brain that occurs above the cerebellar tentorium.  Representative examples include craniopharyngioma, meningioma and pituitary adenoma.


Desmoplastic Myxoid Tumor of the Pineal Region, SMARCB1-Mutant

A SMARCB1-deficient tumor of the brain arising in the pineal region. It is characterized by the presence of spindled and epithelioid cells with low-grade morphology that are embedded in a desmoplastic stroma alternating with various extents of loose myxoid matrix.


Death by electrocution

The passage of electrical current through the body.


Platinum-Resistant Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant female reproductive system neoplasm that progresses between one and six months of completing the last platinum therapy.


Lymphomatoid Papulosis with DUSP22-IRF4 Gene Rearrangement

A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis associated with chromosomal rearrangements involving the DUSP22-IRF4 locus at 6p25.3.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIB includes: T2b, N0, M0.  T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Recurrent Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive

The reemergence of chronic myelogenous leukemia after a period of remission.


Mass lesion of brain

A benign or malignant solid pathologic process involving the brain and/or the meninges.


Stage IIIC Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Disorder of AMH

Abnormally high or low anti-Müllerian hormone levels.


Squamous cell carcinoma with horn formation

A keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of horn pearls. Representative examples include squamous cell carcinomas of the face presenting as a cutaneous horn.


Hamartoma of brain

A hamartoma that occurs in the brain.


Stage IIIB Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor involving local extrahepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Congenital Reproductive System Abnormality

A disorder that affects the female or male reproductive system and is present at birth. Representative examples include ovarian agenesis, vaginal agenesis, and penile agenesis.


Secondary Central Nervous System Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that has spread to the central nervous system following the initial presentation in another nodal or extranodal site.


Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A primary central nervous system neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Prostate Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Solid Pattern

A prostate ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cribriform and/or papillary patterns and areas of solid nests of malignant cells.


Parapharyngeal abscess

An abscess that develops in the soft tissues of the lateral pharyngeal space.


Locally Advanced Ocular Melanoma

Ocular melanoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues.


Chest Pain in Left Fifth Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the fifth intercostal space on the left side.


Refractory Malignant Leptomeningeal Neoplasm

Malignant leptomeningeal neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Low Grade Fallopian Tube Serous Adenocarcinoma

A slow-growing serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of low grade cytologic features and infrequent mitotic figures.


Bone Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of appendicular skeleton, trunk, skull, and facial bones cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma/myofibroid sarcoma, chordoma, adamantinoma, and other cancers arising in the bone. It does not apply to primary malignant lymphoma of the bone and multiple myeloma. There are no AJCC prognostic stage groupings for spine and pelvis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Intraoperative Musculoskeletal Injury

Damage to any part of the musculoskeletal system during a surgical procedure.


Lugano Classification Stage IV Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or noncontiguous extralymphatic organ involvement in conjunction with nodal stage II disease; or any extralymphatic organ involvement in nodal stage III disease. Stage IV includes any involvement of the bone marrow, liver, or lungs (other than by direct extension in stage IIE disease). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Pharmacokinetic Effect Consequences

The outcome that results from chemical interactions between a drug and another drug or food.


Ivory Exostosis

An osteoma that develops on the surface of the bone.


Recurrent Low Grade Fallopian Tube Serous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of low grade fallopian tube serous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Decreased Drug AUC

Decreased area under the plot of plasma concentration of a drug against time after drug administration.


Minimal Deviation Melanoma

A melanocytic neoplasm displaying morphologic features that are intermediate between those of benign nevus and melanoma.  It is characterized by a nodular architectural growth resembling a melanoma, and a loss of nevus cell maturation.  The melanocytic cells forming the nodular growth are uniform, and they may display a high mitotic rate, but they do not show cytologic atypia.


Benign Adult Cerebral Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm of the cerebrum occurring in adults.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina and measuring more than 4 cm in diameter. (FIGO 2009)


Prostate Acinar Adenocarcinoma, Pleomorphic Giant Cell Variant

An extremely rare variant of acinar prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of giant, bizarre anaplastic cells with pleomorphic nuclei and lack of a spindle cell component.


FIGO Stage IVA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Cusp tear

A split located on a leaflet of a heart valve that prevents its complete closing, which can result in valvular dysfunction.


Papillary squamous cell carcinoma, non-invasive

A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary, exophytic growth pattern, hyperkeratosis, and absence of invasion of adjacent tissues.


Ampullary Noninvasive Pancreatobiliary Papillary Neoplasm with Low Grade Dysplasia

An ampullary noninvasive papillary neoplasm of the pancreatobiliary type characterized by the presence of low grade dysplasia.


Refractory Neoplastic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

Neoplastic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder that is resistant to treatment.


AHL Amyloidosis

An extremely rare type of amyloidosis characterized by the monoclonal deposition of immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain fragments in organs and tissues.


Bone Rosai-Dorfman Disease

Rosai-Dorfman disease affecting the bone.


Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Related to Birth

Bleeding within the subarachnoid space occurring during labor and/or delivery.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to prostate

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the prostate gland from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Neoplasm, malignant, uncertain whether primary or metastatic

A malignant neoplasm in which the examined tissue can not be determined with certainty if it represents the primary site of tumor growth or tumor spread from another anatomic site.


Stage II Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T1, N0, M0, G3, G4); IIB (T2, N0, M0, G3, G4).  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Brain Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the brain. Representative examples include cerebrovascular disorder, hydrocephalus, and encephalitis.


Unresectable Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma

Urethral urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage I Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Florid Follicular Hyperplasia Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

An early lesion of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with the morphologic appearance of florid follicular hyperplasia.


Migrainous infarction

Migraine associated with an ischemic brain lesion.


Malignant Hair Follicle Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the hair follicle and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Pathologic Stage IIIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T1-4, N1b-3, M0. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N1b: Clinically and/or radiologically detected regional lymph node metastasis, microscopically confirmed. N2: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) without lymph node metastasis. N3: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) with lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Acute promyelocytic leukemia - hypogranular variant

Acute promyelocytic leukemia in which the promyelocytes in the peripheral blood have paucity or absence of cytoplasmic granules and characteristic bilobed nuclei.


Prostate Acinar Adenocarcinoma, Oncocytic Variant

A variant of acinar prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant large cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Meningeal Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive

Infiltration of the meninges by chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.


Stage IV Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Congenital listeriosis

A bacterial infection by Listeria monocytogenes that is present at birth.


Average Body Weight Gain

The mean value of the amount of weight gained over a period of time.


Contact dermatitis due to alkali

Contact dermatitis caused by exposure to alkalis.


Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

A B-or T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of a diffuse large cell lymphocytic infiltrate occurring in adults.


Aplastic anemia due to radiation

Aplastic anemia caused by excessive absorption of radiation by the bone marrow.


Atypical Neurofibromatous Neoplasm of Uncertain Biologic Potential

A premalignant neurofibromatous neoplasm characterized by the presence of at least two of the following features: cytologic atypia, hypercellularity, less than 3 mitotic figures per 10 HPFs, and loss of neurofibroma architecture. It is associated with an increased risk of progression to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.


Leukemia, Radiation-Induced

Leukemia that is caused by radiation.


Congenital anomaly of lens

Any anatomic abnormality or physiologic dysfunction of the lens of the eye that is present at the time of birth.


Stage IIIB Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: T3, N2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus. For adenocarcinoma: T3, N2, M0, Any G. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Brief depressive adjustment reaction

Temporary maladaptive depressive signs and symptoms associated with a life event.


Epithelioid glioblastoma

An IDH-wildtype glioblastoma characterized by the presence of large epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, vesicular chromatin, and prominent nucleoli.


Arsenical keratosis

A hyperkeratotic skin lesion that occurs in patients who have been exposed to arsenic.


Radiating Chest Pain to Other Location

An indication that the chest pain radiates to a location other than those listed.


Stage I Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, M0. T1: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm in which the tumor is confined to uterus. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Round Cell Sarcoma with EWSR1-PATZ1 Gene Fusion

A group of rare round and spindle cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of EWSR1-PATZ1 gene fusion.


Unresectable Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Uterine Ligament Ependymoma

A rare neoplasm that arises from the broad or other uterine ligaments and shows ependymal differentiation.


Composite Gangliocytoma/Neuroma and Neuroendocrine Tumor

A usually indolent neuroendocrine neoplasm that almost exclusively arises in the second part of the duodenum. Rare sites of involvement include jejunum, pylorus, appendix, thymus, and lung. It is a triphasic tumor consisting of a mixture of epithelioid neuroendocrine cells, Schwann-like cells, and ganglion cell-like elements.


Stage 0 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis (HGD), N0, M0, G1,GX.  Tis: High-grade dysplasia.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Squamous Hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the squamous epithelial cells.


Dry Desquamation

A skin reaction characterized by scaling and pruritus.


Malignant Neoplasm of Lung - Multiple Primary Sites

Lung cancer comprising malignant neoplasms from two or more sites, as determined by clinicoopathological assessment.


Epigastric hernia

Protrusion of abdominal cavity contents or pre-peritoneal fat through the abdominal wall between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process.


Lacrimal Gland Warthin Tumor

A rare benign tumor that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by an oncocytic epithelial component and dense lymphoid stroma.


Benign Dermal Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the dermis.


Cutaneous Melanoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cutaneous melanoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Advanced Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma

An advanced Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis.


Non-Neoplastic Pleural Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pleura.  Representative examples include pleural infection and pneumothorax.


Trigeminal nerve palsy

Partial or complete paralysis of the trigeminal nerve.


Abnormal Cardiac Study

A history of having had an abnormal cardiac study.


Childhood Acute Erythroid Leukemia

An acute erythroid leukemia occurring in children.


Overt Stroke

A cerebral infarction that is evident by new neurological symptoms lasting greater than 24 hours or having an area of diffusion restriction or a T2 or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity on an MRI of the brain that was consistent with the neurological findings.


Placental Site Nodule and Plaque Occurring in the Fallopian Tube

A rare non-neoplastic trophoblastic disorder characterized by the presence of remnants of intermediate trophoblasts in the fallopian tube from a previous pregnancy.


Locally Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma

A pancreatic carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity stage I


Refractory Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial serous adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Lacrimal Drainage System Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac. It is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells that form cribriform, tubular, and solid patterns.


Recurrent Endometrial Dedifferentiated Carcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma after a period of remission.


Benign Adult Brain Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm of the brain occurring in adults.


Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation

Prostate adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Perforation

A hole or opening made through a membrane or other tissue or material.


Metastatic Platinum-Resistant Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A platinum-resistant malignant germ cell tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IV Liver Cancer

Stage IV carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Adnexal Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

An adnexal carcinoma with ductal/glandular differentiation lacking specific histological features that would allow further classification. (WHO 2018)


A hematologic malignancy that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

The reemergence of endometrial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Complex endometrial hyperplasia without atypia

A hyperplasia characterized by excessive proliferation of endometrial cells, resulting in the formation of complex epithelial structures. Epithelial atypia is absent.


Adenoid cystic carcinoma metastatic

An adenoid cystic carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Epstein-Barr virus infection recurrent

An Epstein-Barr virus infection that has recurred after a period of remission.


Cervical myelocele

Herniation of spinal cord tissue and meninges through a defect in the cervical region of the vertebral column. The protrusion of the tissue is flush with the level of the skin surface.


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Lacrimal System

A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to the lacrimal gland or lacrimal drainage system.


Nutritional Hypophosphatemic Rickets

Hypophosphatemic rickets due to insufficient dietary phosphate intake or absorption.


Hyperlipasaemia

A laboratory test result which indicates increased levels of lipase in a biologic specimen.


Adult Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

A germ cell tumor that arises within the cranium and occurs during adulthood.


Basal-Like Prostate Carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma in which the CD49f signature is increased, the luminal markers and androgen receptor expression and signaling (androgen activity pathway) are not increased, and the proliferation score is higher than the luminal A prostate carcinoma.


Stage II Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor invades perimuscular connective tissue; no extension beyond serosa or into liver.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Gestational diabetes mellitus class A2

Carbohydrate intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy. Diagnosis from abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and abnormal fasting or post-prandial glucose levels. Euglycemia achieved with medication.


Stage II Intermediate Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor involving the serosa and/or adnexa (direct extension or metastasis). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Unresectable Digestive System Carcinoma

Digestive system carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Cutaneous Melanoma by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

A term that refers to the pathologic staging of cutaneous melanoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


Refractory Childhood Malignant Neoplasm

A childhood malignant neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


Current EBV Infection

Epstein-Barr virus infection is evident at the time of testing.


Infection pyogenic

An infection caused by pus-producing organisms.


Vasculitic ulcer

A circumscribed inflammatory lesion associated with underlying ischemic disease.


Third degree uterine prolapse

The uterus has descended below the level of the hymen and protrudes through the opening of the vagina.


Refractory Liver Carcinoma

Liver carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage III Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage III includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor involves the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric artery.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Adverse event

Any unfavorable or unintended disease, sign, or symptom (including an abnormal laboratory finding) that is temporally associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, and that may or may not be considered related to the medical treatment or procedure. Such events can be related to the intervention, dose, route of administration, patient, or caused by an interaction with another drug(s) or procedure(s).


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Multilineage Dysplasia

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia after a period of remission.


Stage IVB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b, G2, G3, or GX. M1b: Intraperitoneal metastasis only, including peritoneal mucinous deposits containing tumor cells. G2: Moderately differentiated. G3: Poorly differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Non-Neoplastic Trigeminal Nerve Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder affecting the trigeminal nerve.


Serum Soluble Fas Ligand Level Increased

An indication that the concentration of soluble Fas ligand in a sample has increased when compared to a normal baseline or a previous sample measurement.


Unresectable Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Edema Trunk

Swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in trunk area.


Pelvic Floor Disorders

A disorder affecting the muscles of the pelvic floor.


FIGO Stage IV Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Gestational trophoblastic tumor in all other metastatic sites.


Enteric campylobacteriosis

A gastrointestinal infection attributed to the bacteria campylobacter. It is usually contracted by consuming raw or undercooked poultry or consuming a food that has been in contact with raw poultry. It is characterized by abdominal pain, fever, and  diarrhea and usually resolves in two to five days.


Focal KATP-Associated Hyperinsulinism

KATP-associated hyperinsulinism in which there is an area of adenomatous beta-cell hyperplasia. This condition results from paternal recessive mutation(s) in either the ABCC8 or the KCNJ11 gene and paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome region 11p15 with loss of tumor suppressor genes expressed from the maternally inherited chromosome.


Locally Advanced High Grade Sarcoma

High grade sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Benign Childhood Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the central nervous system during childhood.


Stage II Non-Contiguous Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


FIGO Stage IIIB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Rhinovirus infection

An infectious process caused by rhinovirus. The virus usually causes upper respiratory infections, but can infect the lower tract as well.


Stage IVB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: distant metastasis (including pelvic lymph node metastasis).  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Hemophilus influenza infection

An infection that is caused by the organism Hemophilus influenza.


Recurrent Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

The reemergence of adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Carcinoma

A carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Multifocal Glioblastomas

The occurrence of multiple and independent glioblastomas that are unrelated to inherited neoplastic syndromes.


Gastroenteritis enteroviral

Gastroenteritis resulting from an infection with enterovirus.


Stage IIIA Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Accelerated Phase Primary Myelofibrosis

Rapid progression of primary myelofibrosis, characterized by the presence of myeloblasts accounting for 10-19% of the peripheral blood white cells or the nucleated cells in the bone marrow.


Resectable Platinum-Resistant Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A platinum-resistant malignant germ cell tumor that is amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Favorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis that occurs during childhood.


Advanced Gallbladder Carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Acute Leukemia of Ambiguous Lineage

Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage that is resistant to treatment.


Prostate Carcinoma by Gene Expression Profile

A header term that includes the following prostate carcinoma subtypes determined by gene expression profiling: luminal A prostate carcinoma, luminal B prostate carcinoma, and basal-like prostate carcinoma.


Prostatic Basal Cell Hyperplasia

A type of prostatic hyperplasia.  It is characterized by the presence of nodules of dark basal cells around residual prostatic secretory cells.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia not otherwise specified after a period of remission.


Cervical Blue Nevus

A nevus that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of benign, heavily pigmented dendritic melanocytes.


Childhood Giant Cell Glioblastoma

A giant cell glioblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Non-Neoplastic Retinal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the retina.


The reemergence of a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm after a period of remission.


Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified

Acute myeloid leukemias that occur in childhood and do not fulfill the criteria for inclusion in the group of acute myeloid leukemias which have recurrent genetic abnormalities or myelodysplastic changes, or are therapy-related.  This category includes entities classified according to the French-American-British classification scheme.


Shared Neoantigen-Positive Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that expresses unique tumor-specific neoantigens across a subset of patients.


Congenital Disruption

A morphologic defect of an organ, part of an organ, or a larger region of the body that results from the extrinsic breakdown of, or an interference with, an originally normal developmental process.


Transient Organic Mental Disorder

An organic mental disorder that is temporary in nature.


Elevated CA15-3

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of an increased level of the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) CA15-3 in a blood or serum sample.


Recurrent Liver Carcinoma

The reemergence of liver carcinoma after a period of remission.


Atrial Septum Lipomatous Hypertrophy

A condition in which deposits of fat accumulate within the interatrial septum.


EBV-Related Clonal Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A clonal lymphoproliferative disorder that develops following an organ transplantation and is caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection.


Radiation-Related Sarcoma

A sarcoma that arises in the bones or soft tissues following exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.


Recurrent Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

The reemergence of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Stage IA1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IA1 includes: T1a1, N0, M0. T1a1: Tumor with measured stromal invasion equal or less than 3 mm in depth. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Advanced Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Connective and Soft Tissue Disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the connective and soft tissue.


Metastatic Proximal Gastric Adenocarcinoma

A proximal gastric adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Skin Basal Cell Carcinoma with Adnexal Differentiation

A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that is characterized by adnexal differentiation.


Central Nervous System Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

A neoplasm that originates from histiocytes and accessory cells and affects the central nervous system.  It is usually associated with the presence of identical tumors outside the central nervous system.  Representative examples include Langerhans cell histiocytosis, histiocytic sarcoma, and follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.


Recurrent Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant, Grade 4

The reemergence of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, Grade 4, after a period of remission.


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Nested Variant

Bladder nested variant urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Perianal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process involving the squamous epithelium of the perianal skin. Clinically, it usually presents as a white or red area in the perianal skin. Morphologically, it is characterized by full thickness dysplasia of the squamous epithelium and sometimes of the pilosebaceous epithelium. Human papillomavirus DNA sometimes may be identified in the dysplastic epithelium. It may recur after treatment, however only a small percentage of cases progress to squamous cell carcinoma.


Infectious Mediastinitis

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the mediastinum.


Road Injury

An injury that occurs on a road or motor way.


Juvenile Absence Epilepsy

A subtype of idiopathic generalized epilepsy, whose manifestations occur around puberty, associated with mutation(s) in the EFHC1 gene, encoding EF-hand domain-containing protein 1.


Elevated Urine Alkaline Phosphatase

An elevated concentration of alkaline phosphatase in the urine.


Infratentorial Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that occurs in the infratentorial region.


Malignant Lymphoma Follicular, Large Cleaved Cell Type


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to bone marrow

The spread of a malignant neoplasm from its original site of growth to the bone marrow.


Congenital Abnormalities of Erythrocyte Differentiation or Function

Inherited disorders involving abnormalities of red blood cell function, structure, or production. Some diseases in this group may be associated with bone marrow failure, neutropenia, and/or thrombocytopenia.


Utricle-Associated Mucosal Gland Hyperplasia

A benign microacinar proliferation occurring exclusively in the area of the utricle.


Acquired Cytomegaloviral Infection

An infection with the Cytomegalovirus that is not present from birth.


Biliary System Disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts or the gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include cholangitis and cholecystitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include extrahepatic bile duct adenoma, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma.


Increased Concomitant Drug Level

An increase in the level of a concomitant drug.


Adrenal Gland Hyperplasia II

Decreased activity of the enzyme 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, associated with mutation(s) in the HSD3B2 gene. The lack of activity of this enzyme produces a type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.


Refractory Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Gastric adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IV Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4, Any N, M0) and IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades mucosa of the bladder or rectum and/or extends beyond the true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient evidence to classify tumor as T4).  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Granuloma of conjunctiva

A granuloma located on the conjunctiva, usually involving the inner surface of the eyelid.


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by BCLC Stage

A staging classification system for hepatocellular carcinoma that uses variables related to tumor stage, liver functional status, physical status, and cancer-related symptoms, and links the stages with a treatment algorithm. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Terminal Hematuria

Gross hematuria that occurs at the end of, or immediately after voiding.


Unresectable Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Prostatic Clear Cell Cribriform Hyperplasia

A rare type of prostatic hyperplasia. It is characterized by hyperplastic glandular cells with clear cytoplasm.


Crushing injury

Traumatic compression of the body or a part of the body.


Metastatic Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tube surface; no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Increase in B-type Natriuretic Peptide or N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide

A finding of an increased amount of either B-type natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide


Increased Drug AUC

Increased area under the plot of plasma concentration of a drug against time after drug administration.


Digestive System Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from any part of the gastrointestinal system.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Early Localized Lyme Disease

An early stage of Lyme disease that may present within 3-30 days after a tick bite with a red, concentrically-expanding rash (erythema migrans), fatigue, chills, fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes.


Deficiency of vitamin D3

Abnormally low concentration of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in the blood.


Stage IIIA Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0). T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but equal to or smaller than 5 cm. N1: Metastasis in inguinal, mesorectal, internal iliac, or external iliac nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Advanced Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Nutritional Calcium Deficient Rickets

Nutritional rickets due to dietary deficiency of calcium.


Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism with Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with congenital adrenal hypoplasia associated with mutation(s) in the NR0B1 gene (on the X chromosome).


Adult Atypical Meningioma

An atypical meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy

An abnormal laboratory test result indicating the presence of IgM monoclonal immunoglobulin in the blood or urine.


Stage IIIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T3, N2, M0, Any G. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Carotid Artery Injuries

Damage to the carotid artery. Causes include blunt injuries (e.g., motor vehicle accidents and sports-related injuries) and penetrating traumas (e.g., gunshot and knife injuries).


Radiating Chest Pain Along Right Upper Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the right upper sternal border.


Obstructed Megaureter

A megaureter in which there is obstruction to the flow of urine at the ureterovesical junction.


Secondary Graft Failure After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Loss of donor hematopoietic cells following initial engraftment.


Locally Advanced Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Hypoproteinemia

A laboratory test result indicating abnormally low levels of total protein in the serum.


Stage II Centroblastic Follicular Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Extrahepatic bile duct cancer stage II

Stage II includes: IIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIB: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor invades the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and/or unilateral branches or the portal vein (right or left) or hepatic artery (right or left).  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Breast hyperplasia

A general term that refers to hyperplastic proliferations of the epithelial cells in the breast parenchyma.  Examples include atypical ductal hyperplasia, usual ductal hyperplasia, columnar cell hyperplasia, and atypical lobular hyperplasia.


Genitourinary Signs and Symptoms

Patient complaints (symptoms), physical or laboratory findings (signs) related to the genitourinary system.


Nickel Metabolic Disorder

A storage disorder that results from impaired metabolism of nickel.


Recurrent Polymorphous Low Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young

The reemergence of polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young after a period of remission.


Malignant neoplasm of bladder recurrent

The reemergence of a malignant bladder neoplasm after a period of remission.


Philadelphia chromosome negative chronic myelogenous leukemia

A chronic myelogenous leukemia which does not have the characteristic t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) translocation but it has either a variant translocation or a cryptic translocation that can not be detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis.  In such cases the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene is always detected by RT-PCR, FISH, or Southern blot analysis.


Gastrointestinal carcinoma in situ

An intraepithelial carcinoma arising from any part of the digestive system without evidence of invasion.


Urostomy Prolapse

Displacement of the urostomy.


Lumbar Meningocele

A congenital abnormality in the lumbar region of the spine in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column.


Clinical Stage 0 Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Melanoma in situ. Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Primary Cutaneous Mucinous Carcinoma

A rare low-grade carcinoma of the sweat glands. The most common sites are eyelids, scalp, axilla, face and trunk. It is histologically characterized by proliferating ducts until the overproduction of mucin creates islands of tumor cells, essentially floating in mucinous pools (Rosai J. Ackerman's Surgical Pathology).


Unresectable Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Lupus encephalitis

Encephalitis that is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.


Childhood depression

Similar to depression in adults, childhood depression is characterized by a prolonged depressed or irritable mood accompanied by a significant loss of interest in activities, changes in appetite or sleep, decreased energy, feelings of worthlessness, and/or recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.


Stage IIB Esophageal Carcinoma

Stage IIB includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: (T2-3, N0, M0, G2-3, Tumor location: Upper, middle); (T1-2, N1, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any).  For adenocarcinoma: (T3, N0, M0, Any G); (T1-2, N1, M0, Any G).  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Frostbite

An injury to the skin and/or its underlying tissues that results from exposure of the affected area to extreme cold.


Congenital spondylolysis

Spondylolysis, the cause of which is present from birth.


Acute Leukemia of Ambiguous Lineage, Not Otherwise Specified

Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage, expressing combinations of markers that do not allow for its classification as either acute undifferentiated leukemia or mixed phenotype acute leukemia, and definitive classification along a single lineage is difficult. (WHO 2017)


Unresectable Esophageal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the esophagus and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Papillary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by cystic changes, papillary growth pattern, and the presence of malignant glandular cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin.


Metastatic Primary Malignant Brain Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain and has spread from its original site of growth to other sites.


Gastric Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastric mucosa and is characterized by the presence of large polygonal malignant cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm resembling hepatocytes.


Anal squamous cell carcinoma metastatic

Anal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its primary site to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Bone Sarcoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of bone sarcoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


CTRP Clinical Finding

A finding concept that has been requested by CTRP to be used in the disease field for abstraction and search of clinical trials.


Diffuse neurofibroma

A rare neurofibroma with an infiltrative growth pattern.  It involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue and grows in a plaque-like fashion.  Malignant transformation is rare.


Gastric Carcinoma with Lymphoid Stroma

A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastric mucosa and is characterized by the presence of prominent lymphocytic stromal infiltration and poorly formed tubular structures.


This entity includes cases that have clinical, laboratory, and morphologic features that support the diagnosis of both a myelodysplastic syndrome and a myeloproliferative neoplasm, but do not meet the criteria for any of the other entities included in the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm category.  (WHO, 2001)


Naevus spider acquired

A non-congenital, benign vascular lesion with a central punctum (arteriole) that is surrounded by thin-walled capillaries in a radial pattern. It occurs as the result of the dilatation of pre-existing vessels and is most often an incidental finding. The lesion may also be found in association with hypermetabolic states or chronic disease.


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Pelvic Cavity

The spread of a malignant neoplasm from a primary site to the pelvic cavity.


Refractory Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia

Acute undifferentiated leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IV Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades other adjacent organs (e.g., invasion of the bladder wall). For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades other adjacent organs (e.g., extraprostatic invasion of the bladder wall, rectal wall). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Single regional lymph node metastasis in the inguinal region or true pelvis [perivesical, obturator, internal (hypogastric) and external iliac], or presacral lymph node. N2: Multiple regional lymph node metastasis in the inguinal region or true pelvis [perivesical, obturator, internal (hypogastric) and external iliac], or presacral lymph node. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Skin disorder arising from mental factors

A skin disorder for which mental factors play a causative role.


Virus-Related Carcinoma

Carcinoma that develops in the context of an individual infected with a virus.


Vulvar Melanocytic Nevus

A benign, atypical, or dysplastic melanocytic nevus that arises from the vulva.


Enterotoxigenic E coli Infection

A pathotype of Escherichia coli, which is a gram-negative bacteria that is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. It has an incubation period of 10-72 hours and a duration of 1-5 days. Symptoms may include acute, occasionally severe diarrhea without fever.


Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect Balanced

Atrioventricular septal defect in which the atrioventricular junction is shared evenly between the left ventricle and right ventricle.


Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Benign Non-Epithelial Neoplasm

A benign non-epithelial neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic bile ducts.  Representative examples include hemangioma, angiomyolipoma, and solitary fibrous tumor.


Endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia

A neoplastic clonal expansion of endometrial glands characterized by cytologic changes of the epithelium and the presence of an increased number of endometrial glands. The glands form crowded aggregates with tubular or branching patterns which are cytologically distinct from the background architectural and cytological pattern. It is associated with molecular changes seen in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, including microsatellite instability, PAX2 inactivation, and PTEN, KRAS, and CTNNB1 gene mutations.


High Leukocyte Count

A higher than average level of leukocytes in a sample.


AIDS-Related Malignant Cervical Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the cervix in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This category includes cervical carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.


Pericarditis secondary to uremia

Inflammation of the pericardium associated with chronic kidney failure.


Refractory Chronic Leukemia

Chronic leukemia that is resistant to treatment.


Testicular cancer metastatic

A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and has spread to another anatomic site.


Non-Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A low grade well differentiated neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. It is characterized by the absence of a hormone-related clinical syndrome.


Arterial Thrombosis Related to Vascular Access Complication

The formation of a thrombus in the artery as a direct result of an activity associated with vascular access.


Lugano Classification Stage I Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymphatic site (i.e., nodal region, Waldeyer's ring, thymus, or spleen). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Malignant Osteoclastic Giant Cell-Rich Tumor of Bone

A giant cell tumor that arises from the bone and is characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular component.


Refractory Sclerodermatous Graft Versus Host Disease

Sclerodermatous Graft Versus Host Disease that is resistant to treatment.


Infectious Encephalomyelitis

An infectious process that affects the brain and spinal cord tissues. It is usually caused by viruses.


Acral nevus

A melanocytic nevus that arises from the palms, soles, and nails.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA2 includes: T2a2, Any N, M0. T2a2: Cervical carcinoma invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina without parametrial invasion. Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Liver Germ Cell Tumor

A benign or malignant extragonadal germ cell tumor that arises from the liver. Representative examples include teratoma and yolk sac tumor.


Loss of INI 1 Protein Expression

An immunohistochemical finding indicating negative staining of tumor cells for INI 1 protein, resulting from the inactivation of the INI 1 tumor suppressor gene.


Refractory Fallopian Tube Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube mucinous adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Indirect Contact Transmission Infection

Infection transmitted by water, food or other means of conveyance.


Interstitial Disease

A disease occurring chiefly in the connective-tissue framework of an organ.


Renal lymphocele

Encapsulated collection of lymphatic fluid around a transplanted kidney.


Adolescent Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia that occurs during puberty and is not due to exogenous substances or disease processes.


Anal Canal Cancer by AJCC v6 and v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of anal canal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th and 7th editions. This staging system applies to carcinomas arising in the anal canal only; melanomas, carcinoid tumors, sarcomas, and perianal tumors are not included. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Chest Pain in Right Fifth Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the fifth intercostal space on the right side.


Mural Nodule

A solid, sharply demarcated, benign or malignant nodular mass that is attached to the wall of an organ.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Vaginal Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the vagina and is caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Metastatic Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

Acral lentiginous melanoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Solid Neoplasm

A solid neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Radiation burn

A burn caused by exposure to x-ray, radium, sunlight, atomic or any other type of radiant energy.


Recurrent HIV-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of HIV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


Testicular Spermatocytic Tumor with Sarcoma

A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of a spermatocytic tumor component that is contiguous with an undifferentiated or differentiated sarcomatous component.  It usually presents as a slowly growing mass that enlarges very rapidly soon after the initial diagnosis.


Metastatic Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Progesterone Receptor Expressing Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that is positive for progesterone receptors.


Locally Advanced Digestive System Carcinoma

Digestive system carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Refractory Low Grade Fallopian Tube Serous Adenocarcinoma

Low grade fallopian tube serous adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Malignant Urinary System Neoplasm

Malignant urinary system neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Signet Ring Melanoma

A rare variant of cutaneous melanoma, characterized by the presence of malignant cells with signet-ring morphology.


Junctional melanocytic nevus of skin

A nevus characterized by the presence of an intraepidermal proliferation of nevus cells. The nevus cells form multiple nests in the dermal-epidermal junction. It presents as a small, slightly raised, pigmented skin lesion.


Mucosal lentiginous melanoma

An acral lentiginous melanoma affecting mucosal surfaces.


Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Ischemic brain damage in which the entire brain is deprived of oxygen. It may be fatal or lead to long term disabilities including developmental delays, intellectual disability, and seizures.


Adult Grade III Meningioma

A grade III meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


Grade I Meningioma

A benign meningioma which may recur in approximately 7-20% of the cases.  This category includes the angiomatous meningioma, fibrous meningioma, lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma, meningothelial meningioma, metaplastic meningioma, microcystic meningioma, psammomatous meningioma, secretory meningioma, and transitional meningioma.


Stage II Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal third of the urethra, lower/distal third of the vagina, anal involvement). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis

Paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Causes include surgical and non-surgical traumas, neoplasms (e.g., lung carcinoma), and inflammatory neuritis.


Recurrent Central Nervous System Lymphoma

The reemergence of central nervous system lymphoma after a period of remission.


Kidney Paraganglioma

An extremely rare paraganglioma that arises from the renal hilum. Paragangliomas that arise from the perihilar sympathetic ganglia are not included in this category.


Hemorrhagic ascites

Accumulation of hemorrhagic fluid in the peritoneal cavity.


Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the digestive system. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Mucinous Variant

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of masses of mucin within the affected distended glands.


Malignant neoplasm of stomach recurrent

The reemergence of a malignant neoplasm of the stomach after a period of remission.


Stage I Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, Any N, M0. T1: Tumor confined to uterus (extension to corpus should be disregarded). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Blastic Granulocytic Sarcoma

A granulocytic sarcoma composed primarily of myeloblasts (WHO 2001).


Lobular Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia

Lobular proliferations of benign-appearing small to moderate sized endocervical glands in the inner half of the cervical stroma. The glands are lined by columnar epithelial cells which contain pyloric gland-type mucin. There is minimal atypia and mitotic figures are rare. Some cases have been associated with adenocarcinoma in situ/high grade cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia and gastric-type adenocarcinomas.


Pocket erosion

Erosion of patient's skin pocket which houses a device.


Stage II Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIB: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm and 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Radiation-Related Osteosarcoma

A high grade osteosarcoma arising in an irradiated bone.


recurrent adult acute myeloid leukemia

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia in adults after a period of remission.


No Specific Molecular Profile Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

An endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma characterized by the absence of POLE gene mutations, mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, and p53 gene mutations.


Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasms

A group of cystic or mass-forming epithelial neoplasms that arise from the exocrine pancreas, exhibit ductal differentiation, and grow mostly within the pancreatic ducts.  This group includes the pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and the pancreatic intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms.


Great vessel abnormalities

A congenital vascular abnormality that affects the great vessels and/or aortic arch. Representative examples include double aortic arch, aortic coarctation, and absence of a pulmonary artery.


Stage I Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IA Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 5 cm without vascular invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Second degree perineal laceration

Injury to perineum involving perineal muscles but not involving anal sphincter. (reVITALize)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IIIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T0-3, N2, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Gangliocytoma

The reemergence of gangliocytoma after a period of remission.


Low Weight Gain in Pregnancy

In a woman with a normal weight pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), i.e. 18.5-24.9, the weight gained during pregnancy does not exceed a total weight gain of 25 lbs. In a woman with an underweight pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), i.e. less than 18.5, the weight gained during pregnancy does not exceed a total weight gain of 28 lbs. In a woman with an overweight pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), i.e. 25.0-29.9, the weight gained during pregnancy does not exceed a total weight gain of 15 lbs. In a woman with an obese pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), i.e. greater than 30, the weight gained during pregnancy does not exceed a total weight gain of 11 lbs. These standards are supported for the whole population irrespective of height, race or ethnicity.


Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the gallbladder. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Blood coagulation disorder due to liver disease

A disorder of blood clotting that is attributable to a deficiency in liver function.


Pathological Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia that is due to exogenous substances or disease processes.


Pedunculated conjunctival papilloma

A papilloma that arises from the conjunctival squamous epithelium. It is associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Benign Intracranial Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm involving the intracranial area.


Clinical Stage IVB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


New Onset Diabetes After Transplant

Development of diabetes after transplant, usually associated with calcineurin inhibitor use.


Localized Prostate Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the prostate and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Benign Ovarian Partly Luteinized Thecoma


Metastatic Malignant Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

A malignant nongerminomatous germ cell tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Meningioma

The reemergence of a meningioma after a period of remission.


Well Differentiated Malignant Neoplasm

A neoplasm whose histologic characteristics are similar to the tissue from which it arose.


Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ampulla of Vater and periampullary region. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms).


Ovarian Leydig Cell Hyperplasia

An increased number of Leydig cells in the hilar region of the ovary. (WHO 2020)


Stage IV Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Metastasis beyond regional lymph nodes. (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage 0 Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (previously termed carcinoma in situ, Bowen disease, anal intraepithelial neoplasia II-III, high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Endometrial Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the endometrium and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Refractory Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Skin squamous cell carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Stage III Cutaneous T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma


Digestive System Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from any part of the digestive system, with the bulk of the disease localized to that site.


Simple Hamartoma of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

A retinal hamartoma that involves only the retinal pigment epithelium. (WHO 2018)


Extragonadal primary germ cell tumor mixed stage II


Refractory Myxoid Liposarcoma

Myxoid liposarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Recurrent Supratentorial Glioblastoma

The reemergence of supratentorial glioblastoma after a period of remission.


Subcutaneous Disorder

A disorder of the subcutaneous tissue.


Undersocialized conduct disorder, aggressive type


Locally Advanced Biliary Tract Carcinoma

Carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic, hilar, extrahepatic bile ducts, cystic duct, or gallbladder and has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Midclavicular Line

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left midclavicular line.


Refractory Endometrial Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Endometrial transitional cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent Appendix Carcinoma

The reemergence of appendix carcinoma after a period of remission.


Kidney Schwannoma

A rare schwannoma arising from the kidney.


Congenital complete heart block

A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a complete atrioventricular block that manifests during fetal life or soon after birth. It may be isolated or associated with other congenital heart defects. Isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block may be associated with maternal connective tissue disorders.


Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of an appendiceal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Lugano Classification Stage IE Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IE: Single extralymphatic site in the absence of nodal involvement (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metaplastic meningioma

A WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the presence of a prominent mesenchymal component. The mesenchymal component may be osseous, cartilaginous, myxoid, lipomatous, or a mixture of mesenchymal elements.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IVA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N1-2, M0); (T4a, NX, M0); (T4b, N0-2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0). T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA (Any T, N0, M1a, Any G); IVB (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung.  M1b: Metastasis to other distant sites. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Decreased Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity

A lung function test result in which the lung capacity to absorb carbon monoxide is decreased.


Joint Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis affecting a joint.


Ureter Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of ureter cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Childhood Malignant Liver Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm of the liver developed in childhood.  Representative examples include hepatoblastoma, undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma, and extrarenal rhabdoid tumor.


Elevated WT1

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of WT1 in a sample.


Epidermal burn of skin

A painful injury to the epidermis due to chemical, friction, radiation or thermal exposure. The affected area appears red and blanches when touched.


Foregut Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A carcinoid tumor that arises from the lung, thymus, esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.


Radiating Chest Pain in Left Arm

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the left arm.


Stage IIIA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforates the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invades the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Polycythaemia (excl rubra vera)

An increase in the concentration of red blood cells (hemoglobin) that is not caused by polycythemia vera.


Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: IIIC1: T1-T3, N1/N1mi/N1a, M0; IIIC2: T1-T3, N2/N2mi/N2a, M0. T1: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor confined to the corpus uteri, including endocervical glandular involvement. T2: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading the stromal connective tissue of the cervix but not extending beyond the uterus. Does not include endocervical glandular involvement. T3: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor involving serosa, adnexa, vagina, or parametrium. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes. N1mi: Regional lymph node metastasis (greater than 0.2 mm but nor greater than 2.0 mm in diameter) to pelvic lymph nodes. N1a: Regional lymph node metastasis (greater than 2.0 mm in diameter) to pelvic lymph nodes. N2: Regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes. N2mi: Regional lymph node metastasis (greater than 0.2 mm but not greater than 2.0 mm in diameter) to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes. N2a: Regional lymph node metastasis (greater than 2.0 mm in diameter) to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Thrombotic microangiopathy that presents in some patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Though similar in presentation to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a distinct disorder. Several risk factors may be associated with TA-TMA, including high-dose chemotherapy, radiation therapy, HLA mismatch, use of calcineurin inhibitors, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and infections.


Corneal dellen

Corneal thinning just anterior to the limbus secondary to abnormal and/or irregular bulbar conjunctival contour.


Chest Pain in Left Fourth Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the fourth intercostal space on the left side.


Spindle cell melanoma, type B

A melanoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle-shaped melanocytes with larger nuclei and distinct nucleoli. Representative example is the type B spindle cell uveal melanoma.


Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


asymptomatic carrier of alpha-thalassemia

A condition in which a person has reduced protein production from one of the four alpha-globin alleles.


Stage IIIC Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with involvement of pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph nodes, irrespective of tumor size and extent (with r and p notations). (FIGO 2018)


Recurrent Severe Aplastic Anemia

The reemergence of severe aplastic anemia after a period of remission.


Recurrent Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

The reemergence of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage II Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

The cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but has not extended onto the lower third of the vagina or to the pelvic wall. (FIGO 2018)


Obstructed femoral hernia

The protrusion of contents of the abdominal cavity, into the femoral canal, which results in obstruction of intestinal peristalsis.


Tuberculosis disease that is caused by a pre-extensively drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


Vascular Access Device Complications

Difficulties related to an apparatus used to gain access to arteries and veins.


Subpleural Nodule

A nodule that is directly underlying a pleural surface though there may be separation between the nodule margin and pleura.


Non-Neoplastic Pancreatic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pancreas. Representative examples include pancreatitis and pancreatic insufficiency.


Elevated Blood Pressure Measurement

An abnormally high blood pressure reading.


Sporadic Gastric Diffuse Adenocarcinoma

A sporadic adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastric mucosa and is characterized by the presence of poorly cohesive malignant cells and absence of glandular formations.


Cesarean Scar Pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy implanted in a previous cesarean (hysterotomy) scar, surrounded by myometrium and connective tissue.


Kir6.2-Associated Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus caused by activating mutation(s) in the KCNJ11 gene, encoding the inwardly rectifying Kir6.2 subunit of the pancreatic beta cell adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel. Note: Inactivating mutation(s) in the KCNJ11 gene result in hyperinsulinism.


Congenital neuropathy

Neuropathy, the cause of which is present at birth.


Recurrent Ureter Carcinoma

The reemergence of ureter carcinoma after a period of remission


Cystitis Cystica and Glandularis

A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the bladder.  It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the bladder wall.  The cysts are lined by urothelial cells and metaplastic glandular cells.


Non-Neoplastic Gallbladder Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the gallbladder. Representative examples include cholecystitis and adenomyomatosis.


Stage III Low Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


True Thymic Hyperplasia

An increase in gross volume and weight of the thymus gland, with maintenance of normal lobular architecture, and preservation of corticomedullary differentiation.


Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor with Mesenchymal Differentiation

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor characterized by the presence of mesenchymal differentiation.  Representative example is the malignant Triton tumor which contains a rhabdomyosarcomatous component.


Non-Inflammatory Female Reproductive System Disorder

A non-inflammatory disorder that affects the female reproductive system.


Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis

Necrosis of the mandible or maxilla in patients receiving intravenous or oral bisphosphonate therapy.  It usually manifests with slow healing or failure to heal of a jaw bone following oral surgery.  In a minority of cases, the necrosis appears spontaneously.  Signs and symptoms include pain, swelling and infection of the affected area.


Benign Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor

A non-metastasizing germ cell tumor that arises from an anatomic site other than the testis or ovary.


Unspecified nonpsychotic mental disorder following organic brain damage

Any mental disorder that occurs secondary to organic brain damage, and that is not associated with psychosis.


Refractory Endometrial Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Endometrial transitional cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Kidney Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor Family

A family of tumors ranging from predominantly cystic tumors (adult cystic nephromas) to tumors that are variably solid (mixed epithelial and stromal tumors) and contain biphasic epithelial and stromal components with spindle stroma, glands, and cysts. Most of these tumors are benign. (WHO 2016).


A benign vascular lesion characterized by the presence of a complex network of communicating arterial and venous vascular structures in the skin.


Refractory Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Nodular Sclerosis Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Pressure Chest Pain

The sensation of chest pain described as an object creating physical force.


Cervical Meningocele

A congenital abnormality in the cervical region of the spine in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column.


Adult Nodular Sclerosis Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in adults.


Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-0

A chronic myelomonocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of less than 5 percent blasts in the bone marrow and less than 2 percent blasts in the peripheral blood.


Diffuse malignant lymphoma - large non-cleaved cell

Antiquated term for diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphomas composed of non-cleaved cells.  The vast majority of cases are mature B-cell lymphomas (Burkitts or diffuse large B-cell lymphomas).


Trichoblastic carcinoma

A rare biphasic malignant neoplasm with dual differentiation towards the specialized follicular stroma and germinative follicular cells, which can be strikingly atypical. (WHO 2018)


Shooting Pain

An intense sensation of discomfort or distress that radiates from one location to another sharply.


Stage IB Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IB includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor limited to the pancreas, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Pre-Malignant Skin Epithelial Lesion

A term that refers to precancerous epithelial pathologic processes that affect the skin.


Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of lacrimal gland

A polyclonal proliferation of lymphoid tissue in the lacrimal gland. It usually presents as painless palpable masses leading to globe displacement, decreased motility, diplopia, and ptosis. It has a tendency to involve bilateral lacrimal glands. There is a higher incidence in females and in the setting of autoimmune disease. (WHO 2018)


Sign or Symptom

Objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining practitioner (sign) and subjective evidence of disease perceived by the patient (symptom).


Paraphrenia

A form of schizophrenia characterized by delusions (of persecution or grandeur or jealousy); symptoms may include anger and anxiety and aloofness and doubts about gender identity; unlike other types of schizophrenia the patients are usually presentable and (if delusions are not acted on) may function in an apparently normal manner.


Asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection

An infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that is asymptomatic at the time of testing.


21-hydroxylase deficiency - simple virilizing

A classic form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that is characterized by severe 21-hydroxylase deficiency, resulting in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency, but without clinically significant salt wasting, and with androgen excess, which causes virilization in female infants.


PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME, TYPE I

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome due to deficiency of anti-Mullerian hormone.


Recurrent Cervical Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of cervical adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Splenic thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of the splenic vein or splenic artery.


Non-Invasive Pancreatic Mucinous-Cystic Neoplasm

A cystic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of columnar mucin-producing epithelial cells, ovarian-type stroma formation, and the absence of an invasive carcinomatous component.


Refractory Malignant Lymphoid Neoplasm

A malignant lymphoid neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


Stage I Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA (T1, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); IB (T2, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX).  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Combined BAP1-Inactivated Nevus

A combined nevus with a spitzoid component and inactivation of BAP1.


Malignant glioma of brain

A grade 3 or 4 glioma that arises from the brain. This category includes anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic ependymoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (all grade 3 gliomas), and glioblastoma (grade 4 glioma).


BCLC Stage A Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Adenocarcinoma in situ in adenomatous polyp

A non-invasive adenocarcinoma arising from the neoplastic glandular cells in an adenomatous polyp.


Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia

A benign lesion characterized by epidermal and adnexal epithelial hyperplasia.  It is caused by chronic inflammation and infection.  It may be associated with cutaneous neoplasms as well.


Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1

Cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of maturation in the upper two-thirds of the squamous epithelium and mild nuclear atypia which is present in all epithelial layers.  Mitotic figures are present in the basal third of the epithelium.


Blood and lymphatic system disorders

Any deviation from the normal structure or function of the blood or lymphatic system that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs.


Cerebral Hemangioblastoma

A hemangioblastoma that arises from the cerebrum. It  may be associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease.


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte predominance type stage IV

Stage IV adult Hodgkin disease means there is disseminated (multifocal) involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement, or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement with distant (nonregional) nodal involvement. (from PDQ)


Recurrent Intracranial Neoplasm

The reemergence of an intracranial neoplasm after a period of remission.


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma involving the pelvic sidewall. (FIGO 2009)


Non-Neoplastic Eye Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the eye.


Esophageal adenocarcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Metastatic Cervical Carcinoma

A carcinoma of the cervix that has spread to another anatomic site.


Symptom

Subjective evidence of disease perceived by the patient.


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Lipid-Rich Variant

Bladder lipid-rich variant urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis stage II supradiaphragmatic


46,XX/46,XY Ovotesticular Differences of Sex Development

Ovotesticular differences of sex development in individuals with 46,XY/46,XX mosaic karyotype.


Elevated Test Result

A result of a test that is higher than a previous value or a normal range of values.


Low Grade Esophageal Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities are confined to the lower half of the esophageal glandular epithelium.


Cryptococcal gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis resulting from an infection with cryptosporidium.


Unresectable Gastric Carcinoma

A gastric carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube endometrioid adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Gnathoschisis

A congenital abnormality consisting of clefting in the jaw, which results from incomplete fusion of the embryonic mandibular prominence.


Non-Neoplastic Bone Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the bone or articular cartilage.


Intraoperative Breast Injury

Damage to the breast parenchyma during a surgical procedure.


Preexisting Genetic Condition

A condition that existed previously and is genetic in nature.


Nonerosive Arthritis

An inflammation of one or more joints, without loss of articular cartilage or destruction of subchondral bone.


Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect with Tetralogy of Fallot

A rare congenital heart anomaly in which there is coexistence of tetralogy of Fallot and complete atrioventricular septal defect. The latter is characterized by defects in the atrial and ventricular septa and a common atrioventricular valve.


Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma, Biliary Type

A well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is the most common type of gallbladder carcinoma and is characterized by the presence of malignant tubular glands.  Intestinal differentiation may be present.


Locally Advanced Unresectable Sarcoma

A sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Low Grade Glioma

The reemergence of low grade glioma after a period of remission.


Non-Neoplastic Endocrine Pancreas Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the endocrine pancreas.


Estrogen Receptor Status 1+

An immunohistochemical result of 1 for estrogen receptor expression that is considered weak for expression.


Congenital deformity of hip joint

Any anatomic abnormality of the hip that is present at the time of birth.


Chest Pain in Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is in the area defined by a superior rib margin and an inferior rib margin.


Chronic Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

This is an invalid term; lymphoblastic lymphomas are not chronic processes, but counterparts of acute lymphoblastic leukemias.


Lip Infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the lips.


Brain Development Abnormality

A group of congenital or acquired disorders that affect the normal development of the brain.


Allergic arthritis

Arthritis occurring after the ingestion of allergenic substance(s).


Severe Gastrointestinal Tract Acute Graft Versus Host Disease

Graft versus host disease occurring in the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by complications that may be life-threatening.


Pathologic Stage I Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: pT1, pT2, pT3, pN0, cM0, Any H. pT1: Intraocular tumor(s) without any local invasion, focal choroidal invasion, or pre-or intralaminar involvement of the optic nerve head. pT2: Intraocular tumor(s) with local invasion. pT3: Intraocular tumor(s) with significant local invasion. pN0: No lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lacrimal Drainage System Non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal drainage system characterized by a plexiform or ribbon-like growth pattern, cytological atypia, and lack of histological evidence of keratinization.


Refractory Urinary System Carcinoma

Urinary system carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Malignant Male Reproductive System Neoplasm

Reemergence of a malignant male reproductive system neoplasm after a period of remission.


Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Squamous Differentiation

An invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder that exhibits squamous differentiation.


Thyroid colloid nodule

A non-cancerous thyroid gland nodule that contains colloid material.


Clinical Stage I Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: cT1, cT2, cT3, cN0, cM0, Any H. cT1: Intraretinal tumor(s) with subretinal fluid 5 mm or less from the base of any tumor. cT2: Intraocular tumor(s) with retinal detachment, vitreous seeding, or subretinal seeding. cT3: Advanced intraocular tumor(s). cN0: No regional lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Papillary serous cystadenoma

A serous benign or low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of glandular epithelial cells forming papillary structures.


Steroid Resistant Acute Graft Versus Host Disease

Acute graft versus host disease that is resistant to treatment with steroids.


Fallopian Tube Metaplastic Papillary Tumor

A rare metaplastic lesion that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of an intraluminal papillary proliferation composed of atypical epithelial cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. In the vast majority of cases, it is an incidental finding during microscopic examination of a fallopian tube in the postpartum period.


Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube carcinoma after a period of remission.


Premalignant Neoplasm

A neoplasm that is composed of dysplastic cells and there is no morphologic evidence of infiltration of the surrounding tissues.


Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category


ROSE Cluster 1

Gene expression cluster 1 as determined by Recognition of Outliers by Sampling Ends (ROSE) in high-risk B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.


Recurrent Nervous System Neoplasm

The reemergence of a nervous system neoplasm after a period of remission.