regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


cellular response to anoxia

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.


regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


Venipuncture site haemorrhage

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Injection site joint pain

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Bacterial prostatitis

An acute or chronic bacterial infection that affects the prostate gland.


alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an alpha-beta T cell.


Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


positive regulation of necroptotic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


lipoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signalling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid.


Lymphocytosis

A laboratory test result indicating an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, effusions, or bone marrow.


response to glucoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.


zona reticularis of adrenal gland

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The inner zone of the adrenal cortex that produces the enzymes that convert pregnenolone, a 21-carbon steroid, to 19-carbon steroids.


Athletic Injuries

An injury sustained while practicing or competing in a sport.


response to nickel cation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel cation stimulus.


inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = diphospho-1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


polyamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, from one side of a membrane to the other.


mitochondrial tRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.


regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.


carcinoid tumor

A slow growing neuroendocrine tumor, composed of uniform, round, or polygonal cells having monotonous, centrally located nuclei and small nucleoli, infrequent mitoses, and no necrosis. The tumor may show a variety of patterns, such as solid, trabecular, and acinar. Electron microscopy shows small secretory granules. Immunohistochemical studies reveal NSE, as well as chromogranin immunoreactivity. Malignant histology (cellular pleomorphism, hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, necrosis, and mitoses) can occasionally be seen. Such cases may have an aggressive clinical course. Gastrointestinal tract and lung are common sites of involvement.


transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex.


B cell negative selection

Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion.


Low-set ears

Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering.


spina bifida occulta

The mildest form of spina bifida, characterized by any of several neural tube defects which may go undetected until an x-ray is performed. Treatment is symptomatic.


inositol tetrakisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol trisphosphate + phosphate.


Postoperative Hypertension

A transient increase in blood pressure following a surgical procedure.


positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


ureteric bud invasion

The process in which the ureteric bud grows along its axis and contributes to the formation of the metanephros.


omphalocele

Omphalocele is an embryopathy classified in the group of abdominal celosomias and is characterized by a large hernia of the abdominal wall, centered on the umbilical cord, in which the protruding viscera are protected by a sac.


NF-kappaB complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex that consists of a homo- or heterodimer of members of a family of structurally related proteins that contain a conserved N-terminal region called the Rel homology domain (RHD). In the nucleus, NF-kappaB complexes act as transcription factors. In unstimulated cells, NF-kappaB dimers are sequestered in the cytoplasm by IkappaB monomers; signals that induce NF-kappaB activity cause degradation of IkappaB, allowing NF-kappaB dimers to translocate to the nucleus and induce gene expression.


exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 3'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 3'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


Poor R Wave Progression by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic finding of a lack of progression of R wave height across precordial leads. (CDISC)


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.


negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.


leading strand elongation

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended continuously in a 5' to 3' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Leading strand elongation proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork.


photoreceptor inner segment membrane

The membrane surrounding the inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor. The photoreceptor inner segment contains mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.


positive regulation of isomerase activity

Any process that increases the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.


refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation

Refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T) is characterised by dysplastic features of the myeloid and usually erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and an increased number of myeloblasts in the peripheral blood. The peripheral blood blast count ranges from 20% to 30%. RAEB-T used to be a subcategory of myelodysplastic syndromes in the past. Recently, the term has been eliminated from the WHO based classification of myelodysplastic syndromes. The reason is that the percentage of peripheral blood blasts required for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia has been reduced to 20%. The elimination of the RAEB-T term by the WHO experts has created confusion and ongoing arguments. Currently, according to WHO classification, the vast majority of RAEB-T cases are best classified as acute leukemias (acute leukemias with multilineage dysplasia following myelodysplastic syndrome). A minority of cases are part of RAEB-2.


Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a brain disorder, due to thiamine deficiency that has been associated with both Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome. The term refers to two different syndromes, each representing a different stage of the disease. Wernicke's encephalopathy represents the 'acute' phase and Korsakoff's syndrome represents the 'chronic' phase. However, they are used interchangeable in many sites. Wernicke's encephalopathy is characterized by confusion, abnormal stance and gait (ataxia), and abnormal eye movements (nystagmus). Korsakoff's syndrome is observed in a small number of patients. It is a type of dementia, characterized by memory loss and confabulation (filling in of memory gaps with data the patient can readily recall) and involvement of the heart, vascular, and nervous system. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome mainly results from chronic alcohol use, but also from dietary deficiencies, prolonged vomiting, eating disorders, systemic diseases (cancer, AIDS, infections), bariatric surgery, transplants, or the effects of chemotherapy. Studies indicate that there may be some genetic predisposition for the disease.Treatment involves supplementing the diet with thiamine. Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute syndrome and requires emergency treatment to prevent death and neurologic complications. In cases where the diagnosis is not confirmed, patients should still be treated while additional evaluations are completed.


negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dermatan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dermatan 6'-sulfate and 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 6'-sulfate.


Central line infection

An infectious process related to a central venous catheter.


dermatophytosis of groin and perianal area

Dermatophytosis involving the stratum corneum of the skin of the groin and perianal area.


podocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.


extrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane

The component of a mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


chronic pyelonephritis

Persistent pyelonephritis.


peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-hypusine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


trachea formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.


palmitoyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropalmitoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


Hyperpnea

A clinical finding in which there is deeper breathing than normal. (ACC/AHA)


lens induction in camera-type eye

Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens.


TFIIIC-class transcription factor complex binding

Binding to a general RNA polymerase III transcription factor belonging to the TFIIC complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase III.


Ovulatory Pain

Painful sensation in one side of the abdomen between menstrual cycles, around the time of the discharge of the ovum from the ovarian follicle.


Retinal damage

Injury to the retina due to advanced age, toxicity, exposure to bright lights, or trauma.


cellular response to vitamin E

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.


Abnormal leukocyte count

Number of leukocytes per volume of blood beyond normal limits.


Phenmetrazine

A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted with a phenyl group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 3.


negative regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport.


bile canaliculus

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An intercellular channel that takes up bile from hepatocytes, transporting it to the bile ducts.


secretion of lysosomal enzymes

The controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.


acetate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.


sperm connecting piece

The segment of the sperm flagellum that attaches to the implantation fossa of the nucleus in the sperm head; from the remnant of the centriole at this point, the axoneme extends throughout the length of the flagellum.


sphinganine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within a membrane.


Abnormal blood gas level

An abnormality of the partial pressure of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the arterial blood.


thiamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


propionate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate, the anion derived from propionic (propanoic) acid, a carboxylic acid important in the energy metabolism of ruminants.


angiostatin binding

Binding to angiostatin, a proteolytic product of plasminogen or plasmin containing at least one intact kringle domain, and which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


UDP-glucosylation

The covalent attachment of a UDP-glucose residue to a substrate molecule.


interleukin-17 production

The appearance of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


NADH pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H2O = AMP + NMNH + 2 H+.


smooth muscle adaptation

Any process in which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage

The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and pyridoxal-5-phosphate.


negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.


negative regulation of interferon-alpha production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.


primary hyperparathyroidism

Hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands resulting in the overproduction of parathyroid hormone. It is caused by parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, parathyroid carcinoma, and multiple endocrine neoplasia. It is associated with hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Signs and symptoms include weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, depression, bone pain, osteoporosis, cystic bone lesions, and kidney stones.


negative regulation of neuron maturation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.


muscle cell apoptotic process

A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle.


Holliday junction resolvase complex

An endodeoxyribonuclease complex that resolves the 4-way DNA intermediates of a Holliday junction into two separate duplex DNA molecules. Can be branch-migration associated.


sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding

Binding to a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the extracellular region, and inhibiting BMP signaling by preventing BMP from binding to its cell surface receptor.


acquired night blindness

An instance of night blindness that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


Fractured cervical vertebra

A partial or complete breakage of the cervical vertebra.


thiamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thiamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. The arginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


leucine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.


erythromelalgia

A rare neurovascular peripheral pain disorder due to the intermittent blockage of the blood vessels, usually in the lower extremities or hands. This causes hyperemia and inflammation at the origin of burning pain and skin redness. The attacks are periodic and are commonly triggered by heat, pressure, mild activity, exertion, insomnia or stress. Erythromelalgia may occur either as a primary or secondary disorder. Primary erythromelalgia is caused by gene mutations. Secondary erythromelalgia can result from small fiber peripheral neuropathy of any cause, essential thrombocytemia, hypercholesterolemia, mushroom or mercury poisoning, and some autoimmune disorders.


chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan binding

Binding to a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing chondroitin sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.


collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


angiomyolipoma

A neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation often associated with tuberous sclerosis. It is characterized by a mixture of epithelioid cells, smooth muscle, vessels, and mature adipose tissue. The kidney is the most common site of involvement. Other sites of involvement include the liver, lung, lymph nodes, and retroperitoneum. The vast majority of cases follow a benign clinical course. However, cases of metastatic angiomyolipomas with sarcomatoid features have been described.


habituation

A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


ribonuclease MRP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family, and cleaves the rRNA precursor as part of rRNA transcript processing. It also has other roles: In S. cerevisiae it is involved in cell cycle-regulated degradation of daughter cell-specific mRNAs, while in mammalian cells it also enters the mitochondria and processes RNAs to create RNA primers for DNA replication.


peptidyl-lysine N6-acetylation

The acetylation of the peptidyl-lysine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


proline-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-proline + tRNA(Pro) = AMP + diphosphate + L-prolyl-tRNA(Pro).


germ-line sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in an organism's germ line.


interleukin-23 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-23 receptor.


Esophageal Perforation

The presence of a hole or other type of opening in the esophageal wall through which the contents of the esophagus can pass into the mediastinum. The most common cause of esophageal perforation is injury during a medical procedure such as esophagoscopy or placement of a naso-gastric tube; and pathologic process such as neoplasm or gastric reflux with ulceration. Less common causes include injuries from penetrating or blunt trauma or injury to the esophagus during an operation on another organ, mechanical problem such as violent retching or vomiting; ingestion of a foreign body or caustic agents. The condition often results in infection of the mediastinum and mediastinitis.


calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of calcium ion (Ca2+).


linear IgA Dermatosis

Autoimmune disease characterized by subepidermal blisters and linear deposition of autoantibodies at the dermoepidermal junction. The accumulated autoantibodies are of immunoglobulin A and occasionally immunoglobulin G classes against epidermal basement membrane proteins. The dermatosis is sometimes associated with malignancies and use of certain drugs (e.g., vancomycin).


N-acetylmannosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.


neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

The directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


tolerance induction to lipopolysaccharide

Tolerance induction directed at lipopolysaccharide antigens.


hematopoietic stem cell migration

The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell from one site to another. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.


rhombomere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the rhombomere is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


central element

A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex found between the lateral elements.


positive regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


cornified envelope assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cornified envelope.


MAPK-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand and leading to the activation of a MAP kinase cascade.


Emotional problems

A perceived issue with a person's emotional wellbeing.


genital herpes

Herpes simplex infection of the genitals, most commonly caused by the herpes simplex-2 virus.


regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.


trunk segmentation

Partitioning of the blastoderm embryo into trunk segmental units. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8.


regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.


catalytic step 1 spliceosome

A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the two snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; three snRNPs including U5 remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.


globus pallidus development

The progression of the globus pallidus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.


arabinose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinose, arabino-pentose. L-Arabinose occurs both free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, as a constituent of plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. D-arabinose is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.


nodal binding

Binding to a nodal protein, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily.


octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl (CH3-[CH2]6-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


progesterone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.


positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis.


negative regulation of protein homooligomerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.


Spinal cord compression

External mechanical compression of the spinal cord.


regulation of endodermal cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an endoderm cell.


Mobitz type I atrioventricular block

A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of intermittent failure of atrial electrical impulse conduction to the ventricles, characterized by a progressively lengthening PR interval prior to the block of an atrial impulse. (CDISC)


superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity

A copper chaperone activity that specifically delivers copper to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, to activate superoxide dismutase activity.


IRES-dependent translational initiation of linear mRNA

The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate linear mRNA translation.


acquired color blindness

Non-heritable difficulty in distinguishing colors.


response to intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


negative regulation of receptor internalization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.


clathrin light chain binding

Binding to a clathrin light chain.


taurine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP).


ER retention sequence binding

Binding to an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence, a specific peptide sequence that ensures a protein is retained within the ER.


negative regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.


hindbrain structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hindbrain. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


stem cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


regulation of protein localization to early endosome

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to early endosome.


Bronchial Obstruction

Blockage of a bronchus passage most often by bronchial secretions and exudates.


heteroduplex DNA loop binding

Binding to a DNA segment containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration.


positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


Posterior capsule opacification

Remnant lens epithelial cell proliferation and migration to the posterior capsule.


Golgi cis cisterna

The Golgi cisterna closest to the endoplasmic reticulum; the first processing compartment through which proteins pass after export from the ER.


vertebrobasilar insufficiency

Localized or diffuse reduction in blood flow through the vertebrobasilar arterial system, which supplies the brain stem; cerebellum; occipital lobe; medial temporal lobe; and thalamus. Characteristic clinical features include syncope; lightheadedness; visual disturbances; and vertigo. brain stem infarctions or other brain infarction may be associated.


type II pneumocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type II pneumocyte. A type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies.


Assisted fertilization

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gamma-delta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


protein farnesyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: farnesyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-farnesyl protein + diphosphate.


Carotid Bruit

An innocent murmur with a medium pitched, harsh character heard at the right or left upper sternal border, supraclavicular region, or anterior portion of the lower neck that disappears with bilateral shoulder hyperextension. (ACC/AHA)


lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lysophosphatidic acid + H2O = phosphate + monoacylglycerol.


thymidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.


negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


zonula adherens maintenance

Maintaining the zonula adherens junction, the cell-cell adherens junction formed near the apex of epithelial cells.


Parainfluenza Virus Infections

A viral infection caused by a parainfluenza virus, typically resulting in infections of the lower respiratory tract.


gamma-secretase complex

A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity and contains a presenilin catalytic subunit (either PSEN1 or PSEN2), an APH1 subunit (multiple genes and splice variants exist), nicastrin (NCT), and presenilin enhancer (aka PEN-2 or Psenen), as the core complex. Variants of the complex with different subunit compositions differ in localization and specific substrates. Additionally, variants of the complex exist that contain a additional regulatory subunit as well as the four core subunits; known regulatory subunits include gamma-secretase-activating protein (aka gSAP), TMP1 (aka TMED10), and CD147 antigen (aka basigin). Gamma-secretase cleaves type I transmembrane protein substrates, including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.


regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin lymphoma of T-cell lineage. It includes the T lymphoblastic lymphoma and the mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas. -- 2003


regulation of epidermal cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.


positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.


stem cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


nasolacrimal duct

The paired channels leading from the lacrimal sacs to the inferior meatus of the nose, through which tears are conducted through the nasal cavity.


response to iron(II) ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.


pyridoxal phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O = pyridoxal + phosphate.


hemolymph

Blood analogue used by all arthropods and most mollusks that have an open circulatory system. In these animals there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid. The liquid fills all of the interior (the hemocoel) of the body and surrounds all cells.


L-lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport

A receptor-mediated endocytosis process involved in intracellular cholesterol transport.


microtubule bundle

An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other.


Fc receptor complex

A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin.


negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.


D-gluconate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.


vertebral arch joint

A synovial joint between the prezygapophysis of one vertebra and the postzygapophysis of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment[WP].


positive regulation of androgen secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


digestive system cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving any part of the digestive system.


arachidonic acid binding

Binding to arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.


spermidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


interleukin-10 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-10 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate = phenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


perinucleolar chromocenter

A chromocenter adjacent to the nucleolus.


gap junction assembly

Assembly of gap junctions, which are found in most animal tissues, and serve as direct connections between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. They provide open channels through the plasma membrane, allowing ions and small molecules (less than approximately a thousand daltons) to diffuse freely between neighboring cells, but preventing the passage of proteins and nucleic acids.


Pharyngeal Hemorrhage

Bleeding originating from the pharynx.


metanephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


Dry hair

Hair that lacks the lustre (shine or gleam) of normal hair.


negative regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


collateral sprouting in absence of injury

The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons.


norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure.


Acute allograft rejection

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Elbow pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the elbow.


putrescine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of putrescine from one side of a membrane to the other. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


protein deubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein as part of a process of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism.


dADP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).


neuropilin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of T cell costimulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.


nitric-oxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.


internode region of axon

An axon part that is located between the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by compact myelin sheath.


motor neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components.


dynein heavy chain binding

Binding to a heavy chain of the dynein complex.


purine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


protein-glycine ligase activity, initiating

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of a glycine residue to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a target protein.


cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine.


hexokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate.


drinking behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water.


response to indole-3-methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.


cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.


endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells.


response to nitrite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.


melanocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of melanocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.


Infusion Site Extravasation

Leakage of a pharmacologic or a biological substance from the infusion site into the surrounding tissue. Signs and symptoms include induration, erythema, swelling, burning sensation, and pain at the infusion site.


aspergillosis

Aspergillosis is an infection, growth, or allergic response caused by the Aspergillus fungus. There are several different kinds of aspergillosis. One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA), a condition where the fungus causes allergic respiratory symptoms similar to asthma, such as wheezing and coughing, but does not actually invade and destroy tissue. Another kind of aspergillosis is invasive aspergillosis. This infection usually affects people with weakened immune systems due to cancer, AIDS, leukemia, organ transplantation, chemotherapy, or other conditions or events that reduce the number of normal white blood cells. In this condition, the fungus invades and damages tissues in the body. Invasive aspergillosis most commonly affects the lungs, but can also cause infection in many other organs and can spread throughout the body (commonly affecting the kidneys and brain). Aspergilloma, a growth (fungus ball) that develops in an area of previous lung disease such as tuberculosis or lung abscess, is a third kind of aspergillosis. This type of aspergillosis is composed of a tangled mass of fungus fibers, blood clots, and white blood cells. The fungus ball gradually enlarges, destroying lung tissue in the process, but usually does not spread to other areas.


kinesin II complex

A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes.


hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) in response to lowered oxygen levels (hypoxia). Under hypoxic conditions, the oxygen-sensitive alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 dimerizes with a HIF1-beta subunit (also called ARNT or aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor nuclear translocator), translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of genes whose products participate in responding to hypoxia.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation

A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of a cardiac valve.


pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding

Binding to a pre-mRNA 5' splice site sequence.


proteasome-activating activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, which promotes unfolding of protein substrates, and channel opening of the core proteasome.


tRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis.


oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an oxysterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxylated oxysterol + NADP+ + H2O.


'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.


regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.


male pronucleus

The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization.


alcohol-forming very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very long chain fatty acyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = a very long chain primary alcohol + NADP+ + CoA. A very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.


positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.


Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication

The process that mediates interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the Purkinje myocyte communicating with a ventricular cardiac muscle cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


branched-chain amino acid transport

The directed movement of branched-chain amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.


Vascular calcification

Abnormal calcification of the vasculature.


CANDOXATRIL

The 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester of the active enantiomer of candoxatrilat. Candoxatril is an orally active prodrug of candoxatrilat, a potent neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin) inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic heart failure.


convergent extension involved in axis elongation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism.


chondrocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


histone H4K20 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein.


regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


Uterine Perforation

A rupture in the uterus due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


agmatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)). Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase.


Palpable purpura

A type of purpura in which the lesions are raised (and can therefore be appreciated upon palpation).


ubiquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


Catalysis of the transfer of ethanolamine phosphate to a mannose residue in the GPI lipid precursor.


myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. This process occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


Myocardial necrosis

Irreversible damage to heart tissue (myocardium) due to lack of oxygen after a heart attack (myocardial infarction).


leucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


adenine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenine, 6-aminopurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


bundle of His

A part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers[GO].


negative regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.


response to magnetism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.


Accidents

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positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.


11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD(P)+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NAD(P)H + H+.


androgen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.


positive regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.


exocyst assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of various polypeptides into the exocyst complex.


negative regulation of DNA demethylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation.


CCR1 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR1 chemokine receptor.


relapsing fever

Relapsing fever is an infection caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia, excluding those responsible for Lyme disease belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3(6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl,1,6(3))-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3(6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6(3))-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R. Only branched mannose glycopeptides with non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine terminal residues act as acceptors.


negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation

The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.


Abnormal Hematology Test Result

A laboratory test result that indicates the presence of abnormal peripheral blood and/or bone marrow values.


heteromeric SMAD protein complex

A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.


Lewy body dementia

A progressive form of dementia characterized by the presence of protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the midbrain and cerebral cortex, and loss of cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons. The signs and symptoms overlap with Alzheimer and Parkinson disease.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, quinone or related compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or related compound.


interleukin-12 production

The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB

A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated regulatory subunit that is larger than, and unrelated to, the p85 proteins present in class IA complexes. Class IB PI3Ks are stimulated by G-proteins and do not interact with the SH2-domain containing adaptors that bind to Class IA PI3Ks.


positive regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.


DNA insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an insertion or a deletion.


regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.


DNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NAD+.


positive regulation of microtubule binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.


trochlear nerve

A cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles.


Binding to the amine 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine, a serotonin receptor agonist that can act as a psychedelic drug.


palmitoyltransferase complex

A protein complex with palmitoyltransferase activity.


protein import into peroxisome membrane

The targeting of proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. The process is not well understood, but both signals and mechanism differ from those involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import.


positive regulation of germinal center formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex

A protein complex that acts as an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. Cytosolic and nuclear Ah receptor complexes have different subunit composition, but both contain the ligand-binding subunit AhR.


ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + xenobiotic(in) = ADP + phosphate + xenobiotic(out).


RNA guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


endosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment.


myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

A medical condition characterized by long-term fatigue and other symptoms that limit a person's ability to carry out ordinary daily activities.


neurodermatitis

Skin findings arising from repeated rubbing, picking or scratching of a real or imagined irritation of the skin.


negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.


cysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


nasopharyngeal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the nasopharynx. Representative examples include nasopharyngitis, angiofibroma, and carcinoma.


regulation of zinc ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination.


TSC1-TSC2 complex

A protein complex consisting of at least tumerin and hamartin; its formation may regulate hamartin homomultimer formation. The complex acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase (Rheb), and inhibits the TOR signaling pathway.


ubiquitin recycling

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell by recycling ubiquitin from proteasome-bound ubiquitinated intermediates.


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


protein prenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the covalent addition of an isoprenoid group such as a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue in a protein.


response to gold nanoparticle

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold nanoparticle stimulus.


The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleoside monophosphate to produce a polyphosphorylated nucleoside.


catecholamine uptake

The directed movement of catecholamine into a cell.


acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

An acute pancreatits that is characterized by acute inflammation of the pancreas in which the initial edematous pancreatitis evolved into necrosis accompanied by hemorrhage.


hepatic stellate cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a hepatic stellate cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, cellular ligand or soluble factor.


activation of meiosis involved in egg activation

Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis in an egg after the egg has been fertilized or physiologically activated. Eggs generally arrest in meiosis and complete the process after activation.


Shunt thrombosis

The presence of a thrombus within a vascular shunt.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methylguanine.


maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos.


Fundic gland polyp

The most common gastric polyp in the Western hemisphere.  The lesion consists of a localized hyperplasia of the deep epithelial compartment of the oxyntic mucosa, with variable degrees of cystic dilatation.  Malignant transformation is the exception.  (WHO, 2000)


Decreased Sperm Count

A finding indicating the presence of a lower than expected number of spermatozoa in the semen.


hemopericardium

An accumulation of blood within the pericardial sac.


Macule

A flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 cm wide that does not involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin.


apoptosome

A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.


splenic disorder

A disease involving the spleen.


diamine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine = CoA + an N-acetyldiamine.


succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + succinyl-CoA + phosphate.


negative regulation of relaxation of muscle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.


mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA in eukaryotes; includes subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The This Eukaryotic form usually contains more subunits than its bacterial counterpart; for example, one known complex contains 30 E1 dimers, 60 E2 monomers, and 6 E3 dimers as well as a few copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.


purpura fulminans

A severe, rapidly fatal reaction occurring most commonly in children following an infectious illness. It is characterized by large, rapidly spreading skin hemorrhages, fever, or shock. Purpura fulminans often accompanies or is triggered by disseminated intravascular coagulation.


negative regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


lymphotoxin A production

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.


negative regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


regulation of chromosome condensation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells.


cryptosporidiosis

Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus Cryptosporidium. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe diarrhea.


negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization.


regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.


negative regulation of lipid kinase activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.


Idioventricular Rhythm

An electrocardiographic finding of three or more consecutive complexes of ventricular origin with a rate less than a certain threshold (100 or 120 beats per minute are commonly used). The QRS complexes are wide and have an abnormal morphology. (CDISC)


promoter-specific chromatin binding

Binding to a section of chromatin that is associated with gene promoter sequences of DNA.


nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + AMP = nucleoside diphosphate + ADP.


Burn injury

A traumatic injury involving interruption of tissue cohesiveness that results from exposure to caustic chemicals, extreme heat, extreme cold or excessive radiation.


Postmenopausal bleeding

Uterine bleeding that occurs after at least one year of amenorrhea in a woman who is not receiving hormone therapy.


pectus excavatum

A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.


clustering of voltage-gated potassium channels

The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.


positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate saccharopine.


syntrophin complex

A protein complex that includes alpha-, beta1-, beta2-syntrophins and syntrophin-like proteins; the syntrophin complex binds to the second half of the carboxy-terminal domain of dystrophin; also associates with neuronal nitric oxide synthase.


glycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


translation release factor activity, codon nonspecific

A translation release factor that is not specific to particular codons; binds to guanine nucleotides.


negative regulation of mitochondrial fission

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


infantile mercury poisoning

Infantile mercury poisoning is a rare intoxication affecting children, most commonly characterized by erythema of the hands, feet and nose, edematous, painful, pink to red, desquamating fingers and toes, bluish, cold and wet extremities, excessive sweating, irritability, photophobia, muscle weakness, diffuse hypotonia, paresthesia, hypertension and tachycardia, due to elemental, organic or inorganic mercury exposure. Additional manifestations include alopecia, loss of appetite, excessive salivation with red and swollen gums, tooth and nail loss, and insomnia.


regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


oncogene-induced cell senescence

A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family.


Insulin Shock

A hypoglycemic reaction to overdosage of insulin, a skipped meal, or strenuous exercise in an insulin-dependent diabetic.


macula

Thickened areas of the saccule or utricle where the termination of the vestibular nerve occurs[MESH,modified].


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.


trigger thumb

A painful disability in the hand affecting the finger or thumb. It is caused by mechanical impingement of the digital flexor tendons as they pass through a narrowed retinacular pulley at the level of the metacarpal head. Thickening of the sheath and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia can occur, and nodules can form. (From Green's Operative Hand Surgery, 5th ed, p2137-58).


medial forebrain bundle

The Medial forebrain bundle (MFB), is a complex bundle of axons coming from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region, and the septal nuclei, and passing to the lateral hypothalamus, with some carrying on into the tegmentum. It contains both ascending and descending fibers. It also represents a part of the mesolimbic pathway, carrying information between the ventral tegmentum and the nucleus accumbens. It is commonly accepted that the MFB is a part of the reward system, involved in the integration of reward and pleasure. Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle is believed to cause sensations of pleasure. This hypothesis is based upon intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. Animals will work for MFB ICSS, and humans report that MFB ICSS is intensely pleasurable. This is most likely because the medial forebrain bundle carries information from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (nAcc or Acb). The nAcc is a recognized reward center, and activation of the pathway from the VTA to the nAcc is believed to be rewarding, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the hedonic highway. [WP,unvetted].


NK T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a NK T cell.


neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitter receptors.


negative regulation of nuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.


olfactory bulb mitral cell layer development

The progression of the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer.


retromer, tubulation complex

The dimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be peripherally associated with the membrane. This dimeric complex is responsible for remodeling endosomal membranes to form a tube-structure to which cargo molecules are selected for recycling. The budding yeast complex comprises Vps5p and Vps17p, and may contain multiple copies of a Vps5p/Vps17p dimer. The mammalian complex contains SNX1 or SNX2 dimerized with SNX5 or SNX6.


positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity

cAMP-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


amphisome

Intermediate organelles formed during macroautophagy through the fusion between autophagosomes and endosomes.


endometrial disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the endometrium. Representative examples include endometritis, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma.


positive regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.


G protein-coupled receptor heterodimeric complex

A protein complex that contains two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of different subtypes. Formation of a GPCR heterodimer may alter the functional property of the GPCR.


limonene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of a monooxygenase reaction in which oxygen is incorporated into limonene.


determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry

Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.


ADP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Atg12 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ATG12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ATG12 + Y = Y-ATG12 + X, where both X-ATG12 and Y-ATG12 are covalent linkages.


Absent pulse

The pulsation of an artery where the pulse is taken (e.g. the radial artery at the wrist) cannot be detected on physical examination.


late endosome to lysosome transport

The directed movement of substances from late endosome to lysosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-serine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine, or UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-threonine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-threonine.


maintenance of centrosome location

Any process in which a centrosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity

Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271).


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate + H2O = ADP + AMP + 2 H+.


NatA complex

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an N-terminal Ser, Ala, Gly, or Thr residue of a protein acceptor molecule. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat1p and Ard1p, and may contain additional proteins.


chronic leukemia

A slowly progressing leukemia characterized by a clonal (malignant) proliferation of maturing and mature myeloid cells or mature lymphocytes. When the clonal cellular population is composed of myeloid cells, the process is called chronic myelogenous leukemia. When the clonal cellular population is composed of lymphocytes, it is classified as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, or T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia.


regulation of opsonization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opsonization.


valine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + ATP + tRNA(Val) = L-valyl-tRNA(Val) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate) + H2O = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4-bisphosphate) + phosphate.


positive regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.


chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process

The elongation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of chondroitin sulfate.


negative regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.


regulation of mRNA modification

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


pigment dispersion syndrome

Pigment-dispersion syndrome is an eye disorder that occurs when pigment granules that normally adhere to the back of the iris (the colored part of the eye) flake off into the clear fluid produced by the eye (aqueous humor). These pigment granules may flow towards the drainage canals of the eye, slowly clogging them and raising the pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure or IOP). This rise in eye pressure can cause damage to the optic nerve (the nerve in the back of the eye that carries visual images to the brain). If the optic nerve becomes damaged, pigment-dispersion syndrome becomes pigmentary glaucoma. This happens in about 30% of cases. Pigment-dispersion syndrome commonly presents between the second and fourth decades, which is earlier than other types of glaucoma. While men and women are affected in equal numbers, men develop pigmentary glaucoma up to 3 times more often than women. Myopia (nearsightedness) appears to be an important risk factor in the development of pigment-dispersion syndrome and is present in up to 80% of affected individuals. The condition may be sporadic or follow an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with reduced penetrance. At least one gene locus on chromosome 7 has been identified. Pigment-dispersion syndrome can be treated with eye drops or other medications. In some cases, laser surgery may be performed.


notochord regression

The developmental process in which the stucture of the notochord is destroyed in an embryo.


positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.


archaeal or bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to movement of bacterial- or archaeal-type flagella.


bulimia nervosa

A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge-eating over which the individual feels a lack of control; these episodes of binge-eating are followed by recurrent compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, usually self-induced vomiting. In addition, self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body image.


choline kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + choline = ADP + choline phosphate + 2 H+.


specification of nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the nephron acquire their identity.


visceral motor neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


fatty acid derivative catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acid derivative.


regulation of oligopeptide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


benzodiazepine receptor binding

Binding to a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR).


ovarian dysfunction

The inability of the ovaries to function.


oxygen sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of oxygen (O2).


serine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of serine from one side of a membrane to the other. Serine is 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


D-serine transport

The directed movement of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cyclin K-CDK12 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


asparagine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + ATP + tRNA(Asn) = AMP + Asn-tRNA(Asn) + diphosphate + 2 H+.


negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


melanocortin receptor binding

Binding to a melanocortin receptor.


B-cell neoplasm

A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.


N-terminal protein lipidation

The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the amino terminus of a protein.


regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.


negative regulation of neuron projection regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.


HLA-B specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-B subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a neuroblast becomes restricted such that it will develop into a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex.


cholesterol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


positive regulation of gap junction assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


proprioception

The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.


aldosterone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.


BRCA1-BARD1 complex

A heterodimeric complex comprising BRCA1 and BARD1, which possesses ubiquitin ligase activity and is involved in genome maintenance, possibly by functioning in surveillance for DNA damage.


melatonin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


negative regulation of tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.


malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+.


Clitoral hypertrophy

Hypertrophy of the clitoris.


mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing

Replication fork processing that includes recombination between DNA near the arrested fork and homologous sequences. Proteins involved in homologous recombination are required for replication restart.


response to interleukin-18

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.


angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis

Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitination

A histone deubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is removed from a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, or K120 in mammals.


amyloid fibril formation

The generation of amyloid fibrils, insoluble fibrous protein aggregates exhibiting beta sheet structure, from proteins.


membrane raft polarization

The clustering and aggregation of a membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


Onychauxis

Thickened nails without deformity.


positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


phosphoglycerate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycerate = 3-phosphoglycerate.


maintenance of animal organ identity

The process in which the identity of an animal organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


photoallergic dermatitis

A delayed hypersensitivity involving the reaction between sunlight or other radiant energy source and a chemical substance to which the individual has been previously exposed and sensitized. It manifests as a papulovesicular, eczematous, or exudative dermatitis occurring chiefly on the light-exposed areas of the skin.


positive regulation of receptor clustering

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.


type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor.


Reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (R.I.N.D.) syndrome


Conjunctival cyst

Abnormal fluid filled sac within the conjunctiva.


regulation of mast cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


angiotensin type II receptor activity

An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gi protein coupling and cGMP (NO) generation, and may also act via additional signaling mechanisms.


positive regulation of eosinophil degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.


positive regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


mitral valve

An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the left atrium.


metanephric thick ascending limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric thick ascending limb is the last part of the metanephric loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.


Abnormal lymphocyte morphology

An abnormality of lymphocytes.


regulation of post-translational protein modification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.


phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.


Community acquired pneumonia

Pneumonia that is not acquired in a hospital or long-term care facility setting.


cytoskeleton of presynaptic active zone

The specialized cytoskeletal matrix of the presynaptic active zone. It has specialized functions in organizing synaptic events such as immobilisation or translocation of synaptic vesicles, and assembling active zone components. It is believed to form a molecular scaffold that organizes neurotransmitter release sites.


The series of molecular signals initiated by thrombopoietin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


lipid tube assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as they fuse or undergo fission.


heart induction

The close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + retinol = CoA + retinyl ester.


extrinsic component of endosome membrane

The component of an endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), resulting in activation of MAPKKK. MAPKKK signaling pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli.


negative regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


Pituitary hemorrhage

Bleeding within the pituitary gland.


azygos vein

An unpaired vein which in humans arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava; unlike humans, mice have a single and left-sided azygos vein that develops from the paired embryonic cardinal venous system and drains most of the right and left thoracic walls into the left anterior vena cava[MP].


regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


renal cell carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the kidney


sulfonylurea receptor activity

Combining with sulfonylurea, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


Bartholin duct cyst

Distension of the Bartholin gland duct caused by an accumulation of mucus in the duct, usually as a result of obstruction of the gland duct orifice.


positive regulation of thyroid hormone generation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein].


alpha-beta T cell receptor complex

A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises alpha and beta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes a complex consisting of an antigen-derived peptide bound to a class I or class II MHC protein.


negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the SMAD protein signaling pathway.