methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH.


plasma membrane raft assembly

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a plasma membrane raft.


substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

The formation of adhesions that stabilize protrusions at the leading edge of a migrating cell; involves integrin activation, clustering, and the recruitment of structural and signaling components to nascent adhesions.


Lipoic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.


Recurrent tumor

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

The reemergence of a neoplasm after a period of remission.


negative regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.


t-UTP complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and is required for the subsequent assembly of the rest of the preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Utp5p, Utp4p, Nan1p, Utp8p, Utp9p, Utp10 and Utp15p.


negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.


ophthalmic artery

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic foramen/canal. [WP,modified].


pyruvate transport

The directed movement of pyruvate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Assault

A physical attack.


polyprenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.


sensory perception of sour taste

The series of events required to receive a sour taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


arterial endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an arterial endothelial cell.


Tie signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by an angiopoietin binding to the Tie receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Abnormality of peripheral nervous system electrophysiology

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

An abnormality of the function of the electrical signals with which peripheral nerve cells communicate with each other or with muscles.


EARP complex

A quatrefoil tethering complex required for endocytic recycling.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin

The process in which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor.


cortisol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.


response to prostaglandin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.


temperature-gated ion channel activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a temperature stimulus (e.g. exposure to a temperature range different than the optimal temperature for that organism).


slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

A process in which force is generated within slow-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The slow-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by slow time parameters, low force development and resistance to fatigue.


positive regulation of meiosis I

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.


insulin receptor complex

A disulfide-bonded, heterotetrameric receptor complex. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular, while each beta chain has one transmembrane domain. The ligand binds to the alpha subunit extracellular domain and the kinase is associated with the beta subunit intracellular domain.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate 4-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the 4-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


wax metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving wax, a compound containing C16 and C18 fatty acids.


regulation of postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering.


negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling that is involved in the patterns of cell differentiation in the ventral spinal cord.


base conversion or substitution editing

Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s).


thiosulfate sulfurtransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen cyanide + thiosulfate = H+ + sulfite + thiocyanate.


cellular response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + Na+(out) = glycine(in) + Na+(in).


mitochondrial tRNA processing

The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group, in the mitochondrion.


positive regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.


regulation of heart induction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of heart induction. Heart induction is the close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.


Accident while engaged in household activity


negative regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in bone trabecula morphogenesis

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that contributes to bone trabecula morphogenesis.


membrane raft assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane raft, a small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes.


phosphatidic acid binding

Binding to phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into one donor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and two atoms of oxygen are incorporated into one donor.


phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = L-tyrosine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin.


Hand pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort localized to the hand.


negative regulation of cholesterol storage

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex

A protein complex required for the expansion of the autophagosomal membrane. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Atg12p, Atg5p and Atg16p.


involuntary skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control.


regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.


Enlarged tonsils

Increase in size of the tonsils, small collections of lymphoid tissue facing into the aerodigestive tract on either side of the back part of the throat.


regulation of cell migration involved in somitogenic axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that contributes to somitogenic axis elongation.


dopamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


maintenance of DNA repeat elements

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements.


negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.


purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.


vestibular reflex

A reflex process in which a response to an angular or linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the inner ear and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


interferon receptor activity

Combining with an interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of amyloid-beta formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.


establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures.


negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


A myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by the presence of 5-19% myeloblasts in the bone marrow or 2-19% blasts in the peripheral blood. It includes two categories: myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-1 and myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-2.


purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


sulfurtransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of sulfur atoms from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


farnesyltranstransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate.


Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul2 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.


epinephrine transport

The directed movement of epinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


cytokine production involved in immune response

The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of renin secretion into blood stream

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.


steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.


determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm

The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.


regulation of glial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.


negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.


ATP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = ADP + 5'-phospho-DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP.


regulation of dipeptide transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of dipeptide transport. Dipeptide transport is the directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


H3 histone acetyltransferase complex

A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3.


Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase

A phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia in which the peripheral blood smear shows leukocytosis due mainly to neutrophils in different stages of maturation.  Blasts usually account for less than 2% of the white blood cells counts.  The platelet count is normal or increased.  Thrombocytopenia is very uncommon during the chronic phase.  Most patients have mild anemia.  The bone marrow biopsy is hypercellular due to increased numbers of neutrophils and their precursors.  Blasts usually account for fewer than 5% of the marrow cells, and more than 10% indicates transformation to the accelerated phase.  Megakaryocytes are smaller than normal and have hypolobated nuclei.  The spleen is enlarged due to infiltration of the cords of the red pulp by granulocytes.  Most patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia are diagnosed in the chronic phase, which usually has an insidious onset and may last from several months to several years. (WHO, 2001)


regulation of tooth mineralization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


beta-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides.


bombesin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a bombesin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


establishment of body hair or bristle planar orientation

Orientation of hairs or sensory bristles that cover the body surface of an adult, such that they all point in a uniform direction along the plane of the epithelium from which they project.


activin responsive factor complex

A transcriptionally active complex that binds to an activin response element (ARE) in the promoter of target genes, and is composed of two SMAD2 proteins, one SMAD4 protein and a Forkhead activin signal transducer (FAST) transcription factor.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-4 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ductus arteriosus closure

The morphogenesis process in which the ductus arteriosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth. The ductus arteriosus is the shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which allows blood to bypass the fetus' lungs.


nuclear lamina

The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane.


dentin sensitivity

Pain or discomfort caused by exposure of the dentin layer of tooth to thermal, tactile, or other stimuli.


amide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.


flap endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.


regulation of eosinophil migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.


cell adhesive protein binding involved in bundle of His cell-Purkinje myocyte communication

Binding to a protein or protein complex that results in the connection of a bundle of His cell with a Purkinje myocyte and contributes to the communication between the two cells.


geographic tongue

A benign condition characterized by the development of irregular patches in the surface of the tongue resulting in a map-like appearance. The patches migrate from day to day and usually resolve without treatment.


regulation of endocytic recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.


interleukin-27 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-27 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophanyl-tRNA(Trp).


positive regulation of interleukin-3 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.


retinal perforation

A usually small tearing of the retina occurring when the vitreous separates from the retina. It may lead to retinal detachment. Symptoms include flashes and floaters.


Aspiration

Inspiration of a foreign object into the airway.


microfibril binding

Binding to a microfibril, any small fibril occurring in biological material.


marginal zone B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).


glucosylceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-glucose + N-acylsphingosine.


regulation of neutrophil extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.


long-chain fatty acid import into peroxisome

The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid into a peroxisome. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


tRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methyladenine.


Lesion of cervix

A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of the cervix uteri.


Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm arising from tissues that do not include fluid areas. Representative examples include carcinomas and sarcomas. Hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue malignancies are not considered solid neoplasms.


dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern.


B cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response.


skeleton

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.


positive regulation of eosinophil migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.


Nitroxoline

A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.


regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation.


regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.


negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA catabolic process.


corpus luteum cyst

A ovarian cyst (disease) that involves the corpus luteum.


positive regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


CHOP-C/EBP complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) and a member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors.


sno(s)RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA.


Dyschromatopsia

A form of colorblindness in which only two of the three fundamental colors can be distinguished due to a lack of one of the retinal cone pigments.


mitotic cohesin complex

A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.


endothelin receptor activity

Combining with endothelin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


response to symbiotic bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.


fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of fucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of fucose or a fucose derivative.


mononeuritis simplex

Neuritis of a single nerve.


Hyperchloremia

An abnormally increased chloride concentration in the blood.


gastric acid secretion

The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.


brain neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the brain.


D2 dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a D2 dopamine receptor.


endomyocardial fibrosis

A disease characterized by fibrotic thickening of the endocardium, particularly the right and/or left inflow tracts. The disease often involves the atrioventricular valves, leading to valvular regurgitaion. It most commonly occurs in children living within 15 degrees of the equator.


negative regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.


sodium:inorganic phosphate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + inorganic phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + inorganic phosphate(in).


Multiple lentigines

Presence of an unusually high number of lentigines (singular: lentigo), which are flat, tan to brown oval spots.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.


diapedesis

The passage of a leukocyte between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.


response to hydroxyurea

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus.


lymphangioleiomyomatosis

A multifocal neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation affecting almost exclusively females of child-bearing age. It is characterized by the presence of smooth muscle and epithelioid cells and by the proliferation of lymphatic vessels. Sites of involvement include the lungs, mediastinum, and the retroperitoneum. It usually presents with chylous pleural effusion or ascites.


terminal cisterna

The portion of sarcoplasmic reticulum devoted to calcium ion storage and calcium ion release.


maxillary sinus

One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the maxilla, communicating with the middle meatus of the nasal cavity.


regulation of grooming behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of grooming behavior.


Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity

Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rab, thereby preventing GTP from binding.


regulation of microvillus length

A process that modulates the length of a microvillus.


regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.


dynein complex binding

Binding to a dynein complex, a protein complex that contains two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and has microtubule motor activity.


external encapsulating structure organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell.


histone H3K27me2/H3K27me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri- or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 27 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


thiamine transport

The directed movement of thiamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via desmosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate desmosterol.


cellular response to muramyl dipeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.


podosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a podosome, an actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell.


calcitonin family receptor activity

Combining with any member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


Limb muscle weakness

Reduced strength and weakness of the muscles of the arms and legs.


gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid = 5-oxoproline + L-amino acid.


complex regional pain syndrome type 2

Complex regional pain syndrome type 2 (CRPS2), or causalgia is a form of complex regional pain syndrome that develops after damage to a peripheral nerve and is characterized by spontaneous pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia, not necessarily limited to the territory of the injured nerve, as well as at some point, edema, changes in skin blood flow or sudomotor dysfunction in the pain area.


Mask-like facies

A lack of facial expression often with staring eyes and a slightly open mouth.


Elevated jugular venous pressure

Increased jugular venous pressure.


U6 snRNA binding

Binding to a U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA).


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)

All non-F1 subunits of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral mitochondrial inner membrane proteins.


C-5 methylation of cytosine

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


ureter morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ureter are generated and organized. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.


regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


Pneumoperitoneum

Free air within the peritoneal cavity.


vestibulocochlear nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


galactosylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.


negative regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) + ATP = L-glutamate + glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln) + phosphate + ADP.


central nervous system segmentation

Division of the central nervous system into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + electron acceptor = glutathione disulfide + electron donor.


Tooth Fractures

Broken tooth affecting any portion of tooth: root fracture, crown-root, broken tooth (crown fracture), chipped tooth. A crown fracture can involve the pulp. Tooth fracture sequelae range in severity from cosmetic defects to tooth death. Involvement of the pulp is a more important indicator of severity of tooth fracture than is the amount of the tooth affected.


soft palate

The muscular, non-bony arch-shaped posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate.


MHC class I protein complex binding

Binding to a class I major histocompatibility complex.


polysomal ribosome

A ribosome bound to mRNA that forms part of a polysome.


frontal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized.


nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

The series of molecular signals initiated by a nodal protein binding of to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


negative regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exo-alpha-sialidase activity.


periciliary membrane compartment

A plasma membrane region adjacent to the base of eukaryotic cilia and flagella that is enriched in endocytosis-associated proteins and vesicles and that appears to regulate ciliary membrane homeostasis.


hair follicle placode formation

The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.


male pronucleus assembly

The conversion at fertilization of the inactive sperm nucleus into a male pronucleus with its chromosomes processed for the first zygotic division.


thorax and anterior abdomen determination

Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product.


establishment of cell polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell.


positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.


pyrimidine ribonucleotide binding

Binding to a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


sterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a sterol ester.


Venous occlusion

Blockage of venous return (flow of blood from the periphery back towards the right atrium) in a vein.


response to genistein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.


chlamydia infectious disease

Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.


DNA topoisomerase binding

Binding to a DNA topoisomerase.


hepatic immune response

An immune response taking place in the liver.


tinea corporis

A dermatophyte disease of the glabrous skin, excluding the scalp, beard, face, hands, feet, and groin.


acute cystitis

An acute infection of the bladder. It is usually caused by bacteria. Signs and symptoms include increased frequency of urination, pain or burning during urination, fever, cloudy or bloody urine, and suprapubic pain.


plasma cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody.


dolichol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.


response to bile acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.


purine nucleotide salvage

Any process which produces a purine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.


ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by ATP. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force.


negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


positive regulation of plasminogen activation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.


regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.


regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


fasciculation of sensory neuron axon

The collection of sensory neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


type 5 melanocortin receptor binding

Binding to a type 5 melanocortin receptor.


bacterial vaginosis

Infection caused by bacterial overgrowth in the vagina. Most affected women are asymptomatic. When symptoms occur, they include foul-smelling vaginal discharge, vaginal itching, and burning. Risk factors include sexual activity with multiple partners and the use of vaginal douches and intrauterine devices. Up to a third of cases resolve without treatment. Antibiotic treatment is recommended when symptoms are present and for women that are pregnant at the time of infection.


positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.


potassium ion export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of potassium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


pilomotor reflex

The reflex process in which the arrectores pilorum (hair follicle) muscles contract and cause the hair to stand erect.


negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.


interneuron migration

The orderly movement of an interneuron from one site to another.


chromosome localization to nuclear envelope involved in homologous chromosome segregation

The directed movement of a chromosome to the nuclear envelope that contributes to homologous chromosome segregation and precedes synapsis.


positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.


negative regulation of gene expression via CpG island methylation

An epigenetic gene regulation mechanism that negatively regulates gene expression by methylation of cytosine residues in chromosomal CpG islands. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.


Spemann organizer formation

Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.


negative regulation of miRNA transcription

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription.


malignant histiocytosis

Distinctive neoplastic disorders of histiocytes. Included are malignant neoplasms of macrophages and dendritic cells.


rDNA heterochromatin

A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome.


cellular heat acclimation

Any process that increases heat tolerance of a cell in response to high temperatures.


peripheral arterial disease

A disorder of the arteries supplying the upper and lower extremity and the visceral organs. This includes the mesenteric arteries, the renal arteries and the aorta and excludes cerebrovascular arterial disease. Patients experience cramping and pain usually in the calves and thighs while walking. The symptoms subside with rest.


nickel cation binding

Binding to a nickel (Ni) cation.


neuronal-glial interaction involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The changes in adhesion between neuronal cells and glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


negative regulation of bone development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.


cellular response to mineralocorticoid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.


taste receptor complex

A protein complex which is capable of taste receptor activity.


courtship behavior

The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.


breast cyst

A cystic lesion located in breast tissue.


pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.


positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.


serotonin secretion involved in inflammatory response

The regulated release of serotonin by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.


bacterial meningitis

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord due to a bacterial infection.


CA3 pyramidal cell dendrite

A dendrite of a hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell.


positive regulation of gastric acid secretion

Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.


tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.


membrane raft localization

Any process in which membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


circadian rhythm sleep disorder

A persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption that is primarily due to an alteration of the circadian system or to a misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake schedule required by an individual's physical environment or social or professional schedule.(DSM IV)


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + N-acylneuraminate = diphosphate + CMP-N-acylneuraminate.


ERBB2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB2 receptors are themselves unable to bind to ligands, but act as a signal-amplifying tyrosine kinase within a heterodimeric pair.


ichthyosis prematurity syndrome

Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome is a rare, syndromic congenital ichthyosis characterized by premature birth (at gestational weeks 30-32, in general) in addition to thick, caseous and desquamating epidermis, neonatal respiratory asphyxia, and persistent eosinophilia. After the perinatal period, a spontaneous improvement in the health of affected patients is observed and skin features (vernix caseosa-like scale) evolve into a mild presentation of flat follicular hyperkeratosis with atopy.


negative regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 trimethylation.


negative regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.


positive regulation of platelet activation

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH + 4n H+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NAD+ + 2n NADP+.


positive regulation of T cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.


hepatocellular adenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the hepatocytes. Grossly, it appears as a soft, round mass which often contains areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. Morphologically, the neoplastic cells resemble normal hepatocytes and form plates separated by sinusoids. Most patients have a history of contraceptive or anabolic steroids use.


central nervous system maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the central nervous system to attain its fully functional state. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


poliomyelitis

An acute infectious disorder that affects the nervous system. It is caused by the poliovirus. The virus spreads by direct contact, and can be prevented by prophylaxis with the polio vaccine.


interleukin-2 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-2 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


radiation myelitis

A disease characterized by white matter damage to the spinal cord developed after a certain period of application of ionizing radiation.


response to chlorate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.


bile acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that prevents the establishment or decreases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


negative regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis.


inner medullary collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla.


negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.


microspike

A dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.


membrane protein proteolysis involved in retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol

Any membrane protein proteolysis that is involved in retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.


mannosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.


type 3 galanin receptor binding

Binding to a type 3 galanin receptor.


response to human chorionic gonadotropin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.


negative regulation of response to type II interferon

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.


type B pancreatic cell maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


snRNA export from nucleus

The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


positive regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


reproductive system disorder

A disease involving the reproductive system.


AMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Infection by Pneumocystis jirovecii (disorder)


meiotic DNA double-strand break formation

The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination.


UDP-glucuronate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


kidney neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the kidney. Representative examples of benign renal neoplasms include fibroma, lipoma, oncocytoma, and juxtaglomerular cell tumor. Representative examples of malignant renal neoplasms include renal cell carcinoma, renal pelvis carcinoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdoid tumor, sarcoma, and lymphoma.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


ASAP complex

A protein complex involved in regulation of mRNA processing and apoptosis. It binds to RNA in a sequence-independent manner and is recruited to the EJC prior to or during the splicing process. In humans the core proteins are RNPS1, SAP18 and ACIN1.


four-way junction helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix of DNA containing four-way junctions, including Holliday junctions, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation.


ATP transport

The directed movement of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


multivesicular body, internal vesicle

A membrane-bounded vesicle wholly contained within a multivesicular body.


polyarticular arthritis

An arthritis affecting five or more separate joints.


staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A blistering skin disorder caused by exfoliative toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus infection. The toxins cause the formation of bullae and diffuse skin desquamation. The lesions may be localized or generalized, far away from the initial site of infection.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + Na+(out) = glutamate(in) + Na+(in).


metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of the cell cycle.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.


Rosoxacin

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by an ethyl group at position 1 and by a pyridin-4-yl group at position 7. An antibacterial drug, active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, it has been used for treating urinary tract infections and certain sexually transmitted diseases.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinamide nucleotide = diphosphate + NAD+.


natural killer cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


positive regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.


follicular dendritic cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction

Any process that increases the force of heart muscle contraction.


SUMO activating enzyme complex

A conserved heterodimeric complex with SUMO activating enzyme activity.


Thyroid nodule

A nodular lesion that develops in the thyroid gland. The term "thyroid nodule" refers to any abnormal growth that forms a lump in the thyroid gland.


L-cysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


cilium-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 3'-5'

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.


regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.


respiratory burst involved in defense response

A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as part of a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


follicular dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a follicular dendritic cell.


olfactory learning

Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.


vasopressin secretion

The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood.


olfactory placode formation

The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.


eating disorder

A broad group of psychological disorders with abnormal eating behaviors leading to physiological effects from overeating or insufficient food intake.


glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


sheath of Schwann

The outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon of the neuron. It forms the outermost layer of the nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system. The neurolemma is underlain by the basal lamina (referred to as the medullary sheath in the included illustrations. In CNS, axons are myelinated by oligodendrocytes, thus lack neurolemma.


6-phosphofructokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose-6-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


lipoprotein lipase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid within a lipoprotein.


Lipedema

Disorder of adipose tissue characterized by symmetric and bilateral enlargement of the lower extremities due to abnormal deposition of subcutaneous fat often in obese women. It is associated with hematoma, pain and may progress to secondary lymphedema which is known as lipolymphedema.


germinal center B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA).


actomyosin contractile ring

A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. In animal cells, the contractile ring is located at the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the contractile ring forms at the mother-bud neck before mitosis.


regulation of mitophagy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macromitophagy.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via lathosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate lathosterol.


endoplasmic reticulum mannose trimming

Any protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment (ERQC).


negative regulation of mesoderm development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


benign vaginal neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the vagina. Representative examples include squamous papilloma and melanocytic nevus.


positive regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.


positive regulation of timing of catagen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.


CD40 receptor binding

Binding to CD40, a receptor found on the surface of all B-lymphocytes.


Klebsiella pneumonia

An pneumonia caused by infection with Klebsiella.


central nervous system malformation

An abnormality of the nervous system.


regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.


negative regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.


[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate.


Chronic constipation

Constipation for longer than three months with fewer than 3 bowel movements per week, straining, lumpy or hard stools, and a sensation of anorectal obstruction or incomplete defecation.


NK T cell proliferation

The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division.


primary pulmonary lymphoma

Primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is a rare lymphoma of the lung, defined as a clonal lymphoid proliferation affecting one or both lungs (parenchyma and/or bronchi) in a patient with no detectable extrapulmonary involvement at diagnosis or during the subsequent 3 months. PPL comprises low grade/indolent B cell PPL forms, the most frequent form represented by the marginal B-cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) and other non-MALT low grade lymphomas; and more rarely high-grade B-cell PPL (including diffuse large B cell lymphoma) and lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG).


cold acclimation

Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.


ovarian neoplasm

A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm involving the ovary.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.


ABC-type peptide antigen transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptide antigen(in) + ATP = peptide antigen(out) + ADP + phosphate.


calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction does not require Ca2+.


fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.


Fractured ankle

A fracture or multiple fractures of one or more of three bones in the ankle joint: the tibia (shinbone), the fibula (outer ankle bone), and the talus (which is the bone that connects your leg to your foot).


beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Cl-(out) = K+(in) + Cl-(in).


Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding

Binding to a Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.


Chemical Burns

A burn caused by exposure to chemical substances.


His bundle tachycardia

His bundle tachycardia is a very rare congenital genetic tachyarrhythmia characterized by incessant tachycardia and high morbidity and mortality.


cytosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.


regulation of mRNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.


acute intermittent porphyria

Acute intermittent porphyria is the most frequent and the most severe form of the acute hepatic porphyrias. It is characterized by the occurrence of neuro-visceral attacks without cutaneous manifestations.


Shc-EGFR complex

A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


transcription-dependent tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery

The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves cis-acting DNA sequences such as the TATA box and upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements, trans-acting transcriptional activators, and also the 3'-UTR of the transcript.


Rad51C-XRCC3 complex

A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51C and XRCC3, or orthologs thereof.


osteochondrosis

A condition that is characterized by defective bone growth that affects the growth centers of bone.


voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiomyocyte contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


Bilateral Deafness

Partial or total inability to hear sounds in both ears.


phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + carbamoyl phosphate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H+ + phosphate.


Noc complex

Any of several heterodimers containing one or two Noc proteins, associated with preribosomal complexes; involved in ribosome biogenesis.


response to luteinizing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.


positive regulation of membrane tubulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.


Trichomonas vaginitis urogenital infection

A sexually transmitted parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include vaginal discharge, vaginal odor, vaginal itching, and discomfort during intercourse.


T cell receptor V(D)J recombination

The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).


positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


epinephrine binding

Binding to epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


negative regulation of vesicle fusion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.


negative regulation of female gonad development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


inflammatory cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.


spermine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.


sequestering of zinc ion

The process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


positive regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle.


vasculogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.


Retained placenta and membranes (disorder)


regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis.


Gonadotropic luteinizing hormone increased


acetate ester transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an acetate ester from one side of a membrane to the other.


compound eye development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.


apelin receptor binding

Binding to an apelin receptor.


regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate.


nitrobenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrobenzene (nitrobenzol), a derivative of benzene with an NO2 group attached to the ring. It is a yellow aromatic liquid used in perfumery and manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline.


leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity

Combining with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of single bases present in mismatches by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.


Bilateral glaucoma

Increased pressure in both eyeballs due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor.


Catalysis of the addition of UDP-glucose on to asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides of the form Man7-9GlcNAc2 on incorrectly folded glycoproteins.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation.


protein phosphatase 4 complex

A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex formed by the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 plus one or more regulatory subunits.


positive regulation of telomeric DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.


DNA replication factor C complex

A complex that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. In eukaryotes the complex consists of five polypeptides.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families.


integrin alpha3-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha3 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


meiotic spindle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of meiosis.


nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the nasopharyngeal epithelium. It includes the following types: keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, nonkeratinizing carcinoma (differentiated and undifferentiated), basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, and papillary adenocarcinoma.


skeletal muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


acute graft versus host disease

A syndrome of immunologically mediated tissue damage that may occur following an allogeneic transplant, usually affecting the skin, liver, and GI tract. The onset is usually within one hundred days of transplantation or immunologic manipulation.


regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.


camera-type eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.


eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.


monoclonal gammopathy

A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of monoclonal immunoglobulins in the blood or urine.


U7 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the U7 snRNA and is required for the 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.


positive regulation of t-circle formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.


cerumen

The yellow or brown waxy secretions produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear canal[MESH].


endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


vascular malformation

A non-neoplastic disorder that is the result of defects of vascular morphogenesis.


Complete Hearing Loss

Total inability to hear sounds in one or both ears.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation.


global gene silencing by mRNA cleavage

A posttranscriptional gene silencing pathway that involves the cleavage of mRNAs in a non-gene-specific manner.


regulation of collagen binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


exosomal secretion

The process whereby a membrane-bounded vesicle is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane.


mesangial cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a mesangial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. A mesangial cell is a cell that encapsulates the capillaries and venules in the kidney.


mitotic centrosome separation

Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.


Ketonuria

High levels of ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone) in the urine. Ketone bodies are insignificant in the blood and urine of normal individuals in the postprandial or overnight-fasted state.


Oculorespiratory syndrome

A transient condition that can occur following influenza vaccination that is characterized by bilateral conjunctivitis, facial edema, and upper respiratory symptoms.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.


regulation of non-motile cilium assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.


constitutive secretory pathway

A process of exocytosis found in all eukaryotic cells, in which transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane leave the trans-Golgi network in a steady stream. Upon exocytosis, the membrane proteins and lipids in these vesicles provide new components for the plasma membrane, and the soluble proteins inside the vesicles are released into the extracellular space.


spermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (spermidine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.


negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.


Scrotal pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the scrotum.


regulation of cap-independent translational initiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cap-independent translational initiation.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


polyp of rectum

A polyp that involves the rectum.


valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. The valyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a valine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


Epstein-Barr virus infection

An infection that is caused by Epstein-Barr virus.


positive regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.


Coombs Test Positive

A laboratory test result demonstrating the presence of antibodies that act against red blood cells.


histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formamide.


serotonin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


circadian temperature homeostasis

Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase complex

A nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex that specifically targets SUMOylated proteins; the complex is formed of homodimers or heterodimers of RNF4 family ubiquitin ligases and is conserved in eukaryotes.


clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle

A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing monoamines.


transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I

Combining with a complex of transforming growth factor beta and a type II TGF-beta receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of TGF-beta signals.


His-Purkinje system cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the His-Purkinje system. These cells form the fibers regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


pyloric stenosis

Narrowing of the pyloric lumen caused either by hypertrophy of the surrounding muscles or tissue scarring due to a chronic peptic ulcer.


positive regulation of tooth mineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer

The synthesis of a short RNA polymer, usually 4-15 nucleotides long, using one strand of unwound DNA as a template; the RNA then serves as a primer from which DNA polymerases extend synthesis.


galanin receptor binding

Binding to a galanin receptor.


Corneal Abrasions

Injury to the epithelium of the cornea.


AIM2 inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex that consists of AIM2, ASC, and caspase-1. AIM2 is a member of the HN-200 protein family that appears to be the sensor of cytosolic double-stranded DNA.


embryonic brain development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


response to sodium phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.


response to sodium arsenite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium arsenite stimulus.


positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.


positive regulation of DNA endoreduplication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.


cleavage in ITS2 between 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS2 between the 5.8S rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


QT interval feature (observable entity)

biolink:ClinicalAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass


hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma

An extranodal, mature T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates from cytotoxic T-cells, usually of gamma/delta T-cell type. It is characterized by the presence of medium-size neoplastic lymphocytes infiltrating the hepatic sinusoids. A similar infiltrating pattern is also present in the spleen and bone marrow that are usually involved at the time of the diagnosis.


nucleotide-sugar catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Sensory or motor loss of peripheral nerve function due to a traumatic event. (ACC)


striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a medium spiny neuron residing in the striatum.


nuclear pore nuclear basket

A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.


vitamin E binding

Binding to a vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


cellular response to oleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.


cellular response to bile acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.


positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


vacuolar protein processing

Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes.


medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a medium-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


anaphase-promoting complex binding

Binding to an anaphase-promoting complex. A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis.


vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

Repair of a DSB made between two repeated sequences oriented in the same direction occurs primarily by the single strand annealing pathway. The ends of the break are processed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease, exposing complementary single-strand regions of the direct repeats that can anneal, resulting in a deletion of the unique DNA between the direct repeats.


positive regulation of endothelial cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.


histone H3-K9 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.


L-glutamine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-glutamine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


Pwp2p-containing subcomplex of 90S preribosome

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and can interact directly with the 5' External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of the full length pre-rRNA transcript. In S. cerevisiae, it sediments at 25-30 S and is composed of Pwp2p, Dip2p, Utp21p, Utp13p, Utp18p, and Utp6p.


negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


rhombomere 2 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 2 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


Pulmonary Alveolar Hemorrhage

Bleeding in the alveoli.


Fracture of pelvis

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones that compose the bony structure of the pelvis.


response to interleukin-11

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-11 stimulus.


Infectious Enterocolitis

An infectious process affecting the small and large intestines. Symptoms include diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, and fever.


complex regional pain syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a rare neurologic disease painful progressive condition that corresponds to a group of disorders characterized by a disproportionate spontaneous or stimulus-induced pain, accompanied by a variably mixed myriad of autonomic and motor disorders including symptoms such as swelling, allodynia, skin blood supply and trophic disturbances. CRPS most often affects one of the arms, legs, hands, or feet and usually occurs after an injury or trauma to that limb.


translation release factor complex

A heterodimeric complex involved in the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.


tricuspid valve

An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the right atrium.


Pyridoxal

A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine-4-carbaldehyde bearing methyl, hydroxy and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5 respectively. The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B6, it is converted into pyridoxal phosphate, a coenzyme for the synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid.


integrin alpha1-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha1 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


Cdc42 protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state.