sorocarp sorus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sorocarp sorus is the spore containing structure of a sorocarp.


branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in branchial arch mesenchyme

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis.


positive regulation of cellular process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH <=> 4alpha-carboxy-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


(S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = acetoin + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin = H+ + cyanidin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


leptomycin B binding

Binding to leptomycin B.


T2-induced deoxynucleotide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + dGMP = ADP + dGDP, and ATP + dTMP = ADP + dTDP.


bacterial cellulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as it occurs in certain types of bacteria, mainly Acetobacter, Sarcina ventriculi and Agrobacteria.


deoxysarpagine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP+ + sarpagine.


motor behavior

The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.


floral organ senescence

The last stage of flower development during which programmed degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling take place.


benzoate 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+.


small molecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + a quinone = 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinol.


peptide cross-linking via S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine protein cross-link.


analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of analia are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.


gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid.


protein carbamoylation

The addition of a carbamoyl group to a protein amino acid. A carbamoyl group is the acyl group -CO-NH2.


fungal-type cell wall organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.


ureteric peristalsis

A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along the ureter, impelling the contents onwards. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.


dihydroneopterin triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin triphosphate = dihydroneopterin phosphate + diphosphate.


indole-3-acetonitrile nitrile hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetonitrile + H2O = indole-3-acetamide.


negative regulation of vesicle docking

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle docking.


shell calcification

The precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the organic matrix of a shell, such as a mollusc shell.


alpha-santonin 1,2-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrosantonin + NAD(P)+ = alpha-santonin + NAD(P)H + H+.


cell fate determination involved in pattern specification

A process involved in commitment of a cell to a fate in a developmental field. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


P-type silver transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ag+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Ag+(out).


methione N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-methionine + coenzyme A + H+.


ventral spinal cord interneuron fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.


chloroplast rRNA processing

Any rRNA processing that takes place in chloroplast.


smooth muscle relaxation of the bladder outlet

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the bladder outlet that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


protochlorophyllide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = protochlorophyllide + NADPH + H+.


thiazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


positive regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis.


retinol dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + retinol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + anhydroretinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha-methyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine.


regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


positive regulation of hemocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) that are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of adaptive immune effector response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.


negative regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


negative regulation of spindle checkpoint

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase NAD activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD+ = S-formylglutathione + NADH + H+.


histone H2A-K13 ubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 13 (H2A-K13) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K13 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.


positive regulation of biological process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oxaloacetate = ADP + CO2 + H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate.


positive regulation of response to butan-1-ol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.


negative regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


depolarization of postsynaptic membrane

A process that depolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an excitatory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential towards the firing threshold.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-tryptophan = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-phenylalanine.


positive regulation of RNA import into nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


neutrophil dispersal

The movement of a neutrophil away from the site of wound or infection following its initial migration to the site.


trimethylamine-oxide aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + trimethylamine N-oxide = dimethylamine + formaldehyde.


selenate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 e(-) + 2 H+ + selenate = H2O + selenite.


positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


2-aminomuconate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminomuconate + H2O + H+ = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + NH4.


protein maturation by nickel ion transfer

A process that contributes to the delivery of nickel ions to a target protein to facilitate its maturation.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


viral replication complex formation and maintenance

The process of organizing and assembling viral replication proteins in preparation for viral replication.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-tyrosine = L-phenylalanine + 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate.


anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + 2 H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + NADP+ + NH4.


gibberellin A51,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A51 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> H+ + gibberellin A51-catabolite + succinate + carbon dioxide + H2O.


phagosome-lysosome docking involved in apoptotic cell clearance

The initial attachment of a phagosome membrane to a lysosome membrane that occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.


lactate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = acetaldehyde + formate.


fungal-type cell wall disassembly involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any fungal-type cell wall disassembly that is involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.


negative regulation of Hulle cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.


fluorothreonine transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + fluoroacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde + 4-fluoro-L-threonine.


low-density lipoprotein particle disassembly

The disaggregation of a low-density lipoprotein particle into its constituent components.


deacetylipecoside synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deacetylipecoside + H2O = dopamine + secologanin.


ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + NAD+ + H+ -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + NADH.


response to rotenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rotenone stimulus.


negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O2 = 5-formyl-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate + H+.


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain O-GlcNAc transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine.


echinenone 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: echinenone + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3-hydroxyechinenone + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


hepatocyte cell migration

The orderly movement of a hepatocyte during the development of the liver. Hepatocytes emerge from the hepatic epithelium, populating the septum transversum and lateral mesenchymal areas of the hepatic lobes.


tri-n-butyltin dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tri-n-butyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutyldibutyltin.


16S rRNA (guanine(1516)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1516) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1516) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


phytyl-P kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytyl phosphate(2-) + a nucleoside triphosphate <=> (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + a nucleoside diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol = 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + CMP + H+.


regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing a phenotypic switch. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, such as the opaque cells of C. albicans, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


cement gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cement gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cement gland is a simple mucus-secreting organ positioned at the anterior of amphibious embryos. The cement gland attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed.


regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


camalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.


plasma membrane raft localization

Any process in which plasma membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


mercury (II) reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + Hg + NADP+ = Hg2+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

Any process that increases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.


mammary gland cord formation

The process in which the mammary gland cord forms by elongation of the mammary bud. The cord is formed once the elongating bud breaks through the mesenchyme and reaches the fat pad.


positive regulation of muscle filament sliding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.


polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis

The process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the adaxial/abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


natural killer cell progenitor differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell progenitor.


synaptic transmission, serotonergic

The vesicular release of serotonin from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of serotonin receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, dTTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + dTTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + dTDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA.


cellular response to beta-carotene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-carotene stimulus.


disruption of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which a symbiont interferes with transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxymuconate + phenol.


pteridine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP+ = biopterin + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 4'-O-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside + UDP(3-).


1,1,1-trichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,1-dichloroethane + HCl.


glycolysis from storage polysaccharide through glucose-1-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a storage polysaccharide into pyruvate through a glucose-1-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD to NADH.


otic placode development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an otic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


oscillatory cAMP signaling

Fluctuation in the extracellular cAMP levels due to the alternate activation of adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP, and phosphodiesterase, which degrades it. Occurs in Dictyostelium during early sorocarp development. Oscillation in signaling result is directional chemotaxis of cells towards the center of the aggregate.


RNA guanosine-uridine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-uridine insertion dinucleotide.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum

The menstrual cycle process that results in the formation of one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells during the various stages of oogenesis.


lipoxin B4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds.


anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in pronephros development

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


regulation of proline transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline transport.


L-aspartate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + O2 = iminosuccinate + hydrogen peroxide.


sulfathiazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfathiazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulfathiazole is an antibacterial agent of the sulfonamide group.


positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.


response to cyclodiene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclodiene stimulus. A cyclodiene is any organic insecticide (as dieldrin or chlordane) with a chlorinated methylene group forming a bridge across a 6-membered carbon ring.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + H2O.


secondary piRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional secondary piRNA, involving a self-perpetuating piRNA loop, often called the ping-pong cycle, in which piRNAs are amplified by pairing with complementary transcripts (for example the transposable element mRNA target). In Drosophila, the processing involves the piwi proteins aubergine and Argonaute 3 and in mice, the piwi proteins Piwil2 and Piwil4.


establishment of left/right asymmetry

The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


ent-isokaurene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-isokaurene + diphosphate.


proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + glyoxylate = L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA.


cichorine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cichorine, a secondary metabolite found in some species of fungi.


taste bud formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the taste bud from unspecified parts. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


response to nitrate starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nitrate.


vestibular receptor cell morphogenesis

Any process that alters the size or shape of a vestibular receptor cell.


regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a primary alcohol + O2 = an aldehyde + H2O2.


high-affinity fructose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


facioacoustic ganglion morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex is generated and organized.


orcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen, and synthesized, probably as a fungicide, by some higher plants.


aflatoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


protein deglutathionylation

The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is removed from a protein amino acid by breaking a disulfide linkage.


2-coumarate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD+ = trans-2-coumarate + H+ + NADH.


pentacyclic triterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetate.


response to phylloquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.


peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-geranylgeranylcysteine; formation of S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CAAX motif and methyl esterification of the geranylgeranylated cysteine; methyl esterification but not cleavage occurs for the CXC motif. For the type II geranylgeranyltransferase the residue may be found at the first and final positions in the sequence motif C-X-C* or at the final position in the sequence motif C-C*. These motifs are necessary but not sufficient for modification.


aldose-6-phosphate reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucose 6-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the compounds most commonly designated lecithin.


positive regulation of cellular response to alcohol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.


myrcene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + myrcene.


riboflavin reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NADP+ = riboflavin + NADPH + 2 H+.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2, and D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + H2O2.


D-glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-glutamine = NH3 + D-glutamate.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NADP + = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADPH + H+.


molybdenum incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling

A chromatin remodeling process that allows DNA repair enzyme to access genomic DNA and repair DNA lesions.


ectoderm and mesoderm interaction

A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm.


histone H3K9me/H3K9me2 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + pyruvate = L-alanine + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.


deoxycytidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


regulation of SREBP signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.


positive regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = glucomannan(n+1) + GDP.


IDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: IDP + H2O = IMP + H+ + phosphate.


pollen adhesion

The process in which pollen deposited on the stigma adheres to cells of the stigma.


response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.


maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate.


regulation of rhamnose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.


sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)

The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction step is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) (EC:1.8.4.8).


endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).


box C/D RNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box C/D RNA molecule.


prostaglandin production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NADP+ = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-seryl-[protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyloligosaccharide + beta-D-mannosylphosphodecaprenol = (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-oligosaccharide + decaprenol phosphate.


negative regulation of cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The intracellular signaling pathway that results in the cessation of cell movement involved in lamination of the cerebral cortex.


green leaf volatile biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of volatile molecules emitted from green plants, such as hexenal, hexenol and hexenyl acetate, from linoleic acid or linolenic acid.


negative regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.


negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry in the lateral mesoderm.


2-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylguanosine.


phenylacetaldehyde synthase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: L-phenylalanine + O2 + H2O -> phenylacetaldehyde + ammonia + hydrogen peroxide + CO2.


apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution

Any apoptotic process that triggers the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle the mammary epithelial cells resulting in their programmed cell death.


protoperithecium formation

The process of producing fruiting body precursors, called protoperithecia. Protoperitheicium is a spherical structure that is formed in the sexual phase of ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora. Protoperithecium is formed by the enveloping of ascogonia cells by sterile hyphae and it develops into perithecium.


Notch signaling pathway involved in arterial endothelial cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


UDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose = H2O + UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + L-asparagine.


establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a plasma membrane.


trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine molecule.


histoblast morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen.


anaerobic respiration

The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor.


mono-butyltin dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutyltin.


positive regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.


2,3-dimethylmalate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate = propanoate + pyruvate.


reproductive process

A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in a single enzymatic step.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-serine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-serine.


negative regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


positive regulation of maltohexaose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.


actin filament bundle retrograde transport

A process of actin filament bundle distribution that results in the arrangement of actin filament bundles from the periphery toward the interior of the cell.


fibroblast chemotaxis

The directed movement of a fibroblast guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


flavin-dependent halogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + FADH2 + O2 = R-C-halogen + FAD + H2O.


oleate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oleate from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of lactation by mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling

The process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of lactation as a result of the secretion of a signal from the mammary fat and its reception by a mammary epithelial cell.


positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway in response to decreased oxygen levels

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway in response to a decrease in oxygen levels.


delamination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The splitting or migration of one epithelial sheet into two involved in the process of deuterostomic gastrulation.


procyclogenesis

The morphological, biochemical and genetic changes that induce the differentiation of bloodstream form trypomastigotes into procyclic trypomastigotes in some of the Trypanosomatidae species such as Trypanosoma brucei. This process occurs inside the midgut of the tsetse fly vectors in T. brucei.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.


cytochrome P450 dependent beta-amyrin 12,13beta-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 12,13beta-epoxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NAD(P).


positive regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.


mannosamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.


acetylornithine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-ornithine + H2O = acetate + L-ornithine.


small RNA binding translational repressor activity

A translational repressor activity that binds to a single-stranded small regulatory RNA (either a miRNA or a siRNA) to guide it to its target mRNA.


wobble position uridine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of uridine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


histone H2A methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H2A. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


N-glutamylanilide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N5-phenyl-L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + aniline + H+.


positive regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.


kaempferol O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.


omega-6 fatty acid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-6 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.


renal capsule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal capsule are generated and organized. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.


lobar bronchus mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus mesenchyme is the mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.


(25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate binding

Binding to (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-7-methylthioheptanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(5'-methylthio)pentylmalate + coenzyme A.


NAD+ synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+.


stomatal complex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatal complex over time from its formation to the mature structure. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


antisense RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis.


menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + menaquinone = protoporphyrin IX + reduced menaquinone.


olfactory nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


pentose catabolic process to acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to acetate.


regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a retinal cone cell.


leptin receptor activity

Combining with the fat-cell specific hormone leptin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 omega oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-oxo-leukotriene B4 + H+ + 2 H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


tergite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the tergite are generated and organized. The tergite is the primary plate or sclerite forming the dorsal surface of any insect body segment.


chromosome, subtelomeric region

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A region of the chromosome, adjacent to the telomere (on the centromeric side) that contains repetitive DNA and sometimes genes. This region is usually heterochromatin.


polytene chromosome puff

A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription.


chromosome, telomeric repeat region

A complex of DNA and protein that seals the end of a chromosome. The telomeric repeat DNA consists of simple tandemly repeated sequences specific for each species. Typically one strand is G-rich and the other C-rich. The G-rich strand forms a 3'-terminal overhang, the length of which varies with species. The single strand overhang is bound by a variety of proteins, including telomere capping proteins that bind to the single-stranded DNA and seal the telomeric loop.


polytene chromosome band

A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band.


polytene chromosome interband

A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands.


chromosome, centromeric core domain

The innermost portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome, encompassing the core region of a chromosome centromere and the proteins that bind to it.


medial saphenous vein

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Bilateral Synchronous Sporadic Renal Cell Carcinoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Non-hereditary renal cell carcinoma arising from a kidney and detected in the other kidney within six months of the first primary. The majority are clear cell renal cell carcinomas.


Kidney Germ Cell Tumor

A rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the kidney.


Arteriovenous graft thrombosis

Partial or complete occlusion of the lumen of an arteriovenous graft by a thrombus.


primitive mesonephric nephron

Anatomical cluster which give rise to mature mesonephric nephrons. Zebrafish continously generate new mesonephric nephrons.


host bacteroid-containing symbiosome

A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants, of a host cell.


Refractory Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs in childhood and does not respond to treatment.


Childhood Acute Basophilic Leukemia

An acute basophilic leukemia occurring in children.


Sinonasal Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


growth hormone receptor complex

A receptor complex that consists of two identical subunits and binds growth hormone.


Supernumerary Hemivertebra

More than the usual or expected number of hemivertebra.


Malignant neoplasm of hypopharynx recurrent

The reemergence of a hypopharyngeal malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


Benign neoplasm of pyriform sinus

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the pyriform sinus.


Neoplasm of pyriform sinus

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the pyriform sinus.


COVID-19-Associated Anosmia

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Anosmia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


esophageal artery

Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus.


Tentorial tear due to birth trauma

Pertaining to tears involving the tentorium of the cerebellum.


median artery

An artery found in the forearm, between the radial artery and ulnar artery. It runs with the median nerve and supplies the same structures as that nerve. It may be unilateral or bilater.


artery of lip

Either of two arteries (inferior or superior) that supply the lips.


left subclavian artery

The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage.


Straight Artery of the Endometrium

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A small artery that originates from the radial artery and supplies the basal layer of the endometrium.


Mid-Left Anterior Descending Artery

The segment of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery between the first and third diagonal branches.


dorsalis pedis artery

A blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a deep vein, the dorsalis pedis vein. [WP,unvetted].


auricular artery

An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ear.


Second left marginal artery

The second artery arising from the left circumflex artery that supplies the lateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Inferior External Articular Artery

A blood vessel arising from the popliteal artery that supplies blood to the head of the fibula and the front of the knee joint.


Structure of tarsal artery

An artery arising from the dorsalis pedis artery at the navicular bone that supplies the articulations of the tarsus and the extensor brevis digitorum muscle.


Lateral Third Obtuse Marginal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the third obtuse marginal artery.


Branch of thoracic aorta

Any artery arising from the thoracic aorta.


Inferior Internal Articular Artery

A blood vessel arising from the popliteal artery that supplies blood to the head of the tibia and the knee joint.


Left Atrioventricular Artery

The first posterolateral branch originating from the posterior atrioventricular left circumflex artery in left dominant and mixed circulations.


Lateral Third Diagonal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the third diagonal artery.


Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery

A blood vessel arising from the external iliac artery with three branches, cremasteric, muscular and pubic, which supply oxygenated blood to the lower abdomen.


First Right Posterolateral Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, this is the first branch that arises from the right coronary artery distal to the right posterior descending artery, when counted from proximal to distal.


lacrimal artery

The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted].


Common interosseous artery

Either of three arteries including the common interosseous artery which arises from the ulnar artery and bifurcates into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.


External Circumflex Artery

A blood vessel arising from the profunda artery supplying the muscles on the front of the thigh and divides into ascending, descending and transverse branches.


Anterior descending branch of left coronary artery

A left coronary artery branch that descends on the anterior portion of the heart through the anterior interventricular groove.


Popliteal Artery Below the Knee

The segment of the popliteal artery that is located below the knee.


Circumflex Artery AV Groove Continuation Artery

The segment of the left circumflex artery that is distal to the third marginal branch, located in the atrioventricular groove.


Branch of superior mesenteric artery

Any artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery.


Septal Perforator Artery

The arteries arising from the right posterior descending artery that supply the interventricular septum.


Diagonal Branch of the Anterior Descending Artery

One of the arteries arising from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supply the anterolateral wall.


sigmoid artery

The sigmoid arteries, two or three in number, run obliquely downward and to the left behind the peritoneum and in front of the Psoas major, ureter, and internal spermatic vessels. Their branches supply the lower part of the descending colon, the iliac colon, and the sigmoid or pelvic colon; anastomosing above with the left colic, and below with the superior hemorrhoidal artery.


interlobular artery

The branches of the arcuate arteries of the kidney that radiate outward throught the renal columns and supply the glomeruli[MP]. The first set of renal bloodvessels, the interlobular arteries (or cortical radiate arteries, or cortical radial arteries), are given off at right angles from the side of the arcuate arteries looking toward the cortical substance, and pass directly outward between the medullary rays to reach the fibrous tunic, where they end in the capillary network of this part. These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form what are called end-arteries. In their outward course they give off lateral branches; these are the afferent vessels for the renal corpuscles; they enter the capsule, and end in the glomerulus. From each tuft the corresponding efferent vessel arises, and, having made its egress from the capsule near to the point where the afferent vessel enters, breaks up into a number of branches, which form a dense plexus within Bowman's capsule.


right common carotid artery plus branches

The rightmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from in the neck from the brachiocephalic trunk.


uterine artery

The branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina.


common palmar digital artery

Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles.


facial artery

A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted].


External Malleolar Artery

An artery on the lateral side of the ankle arising from the anterior tibial artery.


Mid-Distal Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery and All Diagonal Coronary Branches

All of the arterial branches distal to the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery.


Digital artery structure

A type of artery that supplies blood to the fingers and toes. In the hand, the digital arteries include the common palmar digital arteries that arise from the superficial palmar arch, the proper palmar digital arteries that are branches of the common palmar digital arteries and occasionally have dorsal branches distal to the proximal interphalangeal joints, and the dorsal digital arteries that are branches of the dorsal metacarpal arteries. In the foot, the digital arteries include the plantar digital arteries that arise from the plantar arch and the dorsal digital arteries that are branches of the dorsal metatarsal arteries.


Distal Circumflex Artery

The segment of the left circumflex artery that is between the second and third obtuse marginal branches.


spleen trabecular artery

One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP].


sublingual artery

A branch of the lingual artery that supplies the sublingual gland.


tibial artery

The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and pes. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot.


external iliac artery

The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted].


medial plantar artery

The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot. It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies. At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery. Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces. [WP,unvetted].


Ramus Intermedius Artery

An artery that arises from the left main coronary artery and is positioned between the left anterior descending coronary artery and the circumflex artery.


alveolar artery

A branch of the maxillary artery that is found in the gingiva, premolars, and molars.


Right Coronary Artery and its Branches

The right coronary artery and all of its branches, including the right posterior descending, right posterolateral and acute marginal branches.


Posterior Carpal Artery

Either of two arteries that arise from the ulnar artery or the radial artery that anastomose to form the posterior carpal arch of the hand.


superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas. It is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which comes from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk. The common hepatic itself becomes the proper hepatic after giving off the gastroduodenal artery and goes on to supply the right and left lobes of the liver. The term superior distinguishes the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. These arteries, together with the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery, form connections or anastomoses with one another, allowing blood to perfuse the pancreas and duodenum through multiple channels. The artery splits into two branches: the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the anterior margins of the duodenum and pancreas the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the posterior margins of these organs [WP,unvetted].


Radial Artery of the Upper Extremity

An artery arising from the brachial artery just below the bend of the elbow with numerous branches in the forearm, wrist and hand.


Internal Malleolar Artery

A blood vessel arising from the anterior tibial artery that runs along the medial side of the ankle to supply the ankle joint.


ileocolic artery

The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted].


posterior tibial artery

The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. [WP,unvetted].


Branch of inferior mesenteric artery

Either of three branches (colica sinistra, sigmoid artery, or superior hemorrhoidal artery) arising from the inferior mesenteric artery.


Mid-Circumflex Artery

The segment of the left circumflex artery between the first and second marginal branches.


Branch of popliteal artery

Any artery arising from the popliteal artery.


anterior spinal artery

A blood vessel that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and is supplied by the anterior segmental medullary arteries, including the artery of Adamkiewicz, and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord.


transverse facial artery

The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face. [WP,unvetted].


superior thoracic artery

The superior thoracic artery (highest thoracic artery) is a small vessel normally arising from the first division of the axillary artery, but may arise from the thoracoacromial artery, itself a branch of the second division of the axillary artery. Running forward and medialward along the upper border of the pectoralis minor, the superior thoracic artery passes between it and the pectoralis major to the side of the chest. It supplies branches to the first and second intercostal spaces as well as to the superior portion of serratus anterior. It anastomoses with the internal mammary and intercostal arteries.


Left Posterolateral Descending Artery

In an individual with a left-dominant heart, this branch arises from the circumflex artery atrioventricular groove continuation and supplies the inferior apex of the heart.


Second Left Posterolateral Branch Artery

In an individual with a left-dominant heart, this is the second branch that arises from the circumflex artery atrioventricular groove continuation when counted from proximal to distal. It supplies the posterolateral wall.


branch of left coronary artery

Any artery arising from the left coronary artery.


subcostal artery

An artery that runs along the bottom of the lowest rib. They constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries. Each passes along the lower border of the twelfth rib behind the kidney and in front of the Quadratus lumborum muscle, and is accompanied by the twelfth thoracic nerve. It then pierces the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis, and, passing forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus, anastomoses with the superior epigastric, lower intercostal, and lumbar arteries. Each subcostal artery gives off a posterior branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted].


Branch of internal iliac artery

Any artery arising from the internal iliac artery.


Hand Digit 4 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the ring finger, either the ulnar or radial proper digital artery.


branch of ulnar artery

Any artery arising from the ulnar artery.


carotid artery segment

One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries.


buccal artery

The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted].


Innominate Artery Branch

One of two arteries (right common carotid and right subclavian) that branch off of the innominate artery.


Aortic Arch Branch

An artery originating from the aortic arch.


Common Femoral Artery

An artery arising from the external iliac artery at the inguinal ligament which bifurcates forming the deep and superficial femoral arteries.


superficial palmar arch

The superficial palmar arch is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery, with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. However, in some individuals the contribution from the radial artery might be absent, and instead anastomoses with either the princeps pollicis artery, the radialis indicis artery, or the median artery, the former two of which are branches from the radial artery. Alternative names for this arterial arch are: superficial volar arch, superficial ulnar arch, arcus palmaris superficialis, or arcus volaris superficialis. The arch passes across the palm in a curve with its convexity downward. If one were to fully extend the thumb, the superficial palmar arch would lie approximately at the level of a line drawn from the distal border of the thumb across the palm. The superficial palmar arch is more distal than the deep palmar arch. Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the arch, proceeding down on the second, third, and fourth lumbrical muscles, respectively. They each receive a contribution from a palmar metacarpal artery. Near the level of the metacarpophalangeal joints, each common palmar digital artery divides into two proper palmar digital arteries.


Internal Circumflex Artery

A blood vessel arising from the profunda artery with one branch supplying the hip joint and two other branches supplying the adductor muscles in the upper inner thigh.


Hand Digit 1 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the thumb; either the ulnopalmar, radiopalmar, ulnodorsal, or radiodorsal digital artery to the thumb, or the princeps pollicis artery.


Circumflex Artery and its Branches

The left circumflex coronary artery and all of its branches, including the obtuse marginals, left posterolateral and left posterior descending artery branches.


occipital artery

The occipital artery arises opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck. [WP,unvetted].


Structure of sciatic artery

An artery that is one of the terminal branches of the internal iliac artery that also accompanies the sciatic nerve with numerous branches within and outside the pelvis.


Superior External Articular Artery

A blood vessel arising from the popliteal artery that divides into deep and superficial branches. The deep branch supplies blood to the lower portion of the femur and knee joint while the superficial branch supplies the vastus externus.


Branch of external iliac artery

Any artery arising from the external iliac artery.


Superior Internal Articular Artery

A blood vessel arising from the popliteal artery that supplies blood to the hamstring muscles.


Structure of medial circumflex femoral artery

An artery arising from the profunda femoris artery with ascending and descending branches that supply the thigh muscles and hip joint.


right pulmonary artery

The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung.


deep femoral artery

The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted].


branch of brachial artery

Any artery arising from the brachial artery.


Third Diagonal Branch Artery

The third artery arising from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supplies the anterolateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


peroneal artery

An artery that supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted].


Right Posterior Descending Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, the arterial branch that arises from the distal right coronary artery between the acute marginal artery and the first right posterolateral segment. It supplies the inferior apex of the heart.


iliac circumflex artery

One of two (deep circumflex and superficial circumflex) iliac arteries that supply the lower abdomen, inguinal lymph nodes, sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae.


branch of posterior tibial artery

Any artery arising from the posterior tibial artery.


Right Posterior Atrioventricular Artery

The arterial branch between the right posterior descending artery segment and the first right posterolateral segment.


superficial circumflex iliac artery

The superficial iliac circumflex artery (or superficial circumflex iliac), the smallest of the cutaneous branches of the femoral artery, arises close to the superficial epigastric artery, and, piercing the fascia lata, runs lateralward, parallel with the inguinal ligament, as far as the crest of the ilium. It divides into branches which supply the integument of the groin, the superficial fascia, and the superficial subinguinal lymph glands, anastomosing with the deep iliac circumflex, the superior gluteal and lateral femoral circumflex arteries.


inferior epigastric artery

The artery that arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery.


First Diagonal Branch Artery

The first artery arising from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supplies the anterolateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


circumflex branch of left coronary artery

Branch of left coronary artery which runs perpendicular to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery on the left side of the interventricular sulcus and supplies the left side of the heart.


medial tarsal artery

The medial tarsal arteries are two or three small branches which ramify on the medial border of the foot and join the medial malleolar net-work.


Palmar Digital Artery

A type of artery that supplies blood to the fingers and includes the common palmar digital arteries, the dorsal digital arteries of the hand, and the proper palmar digital arteries.


cervical artery

An artery of the neck.


Proximal Left Anterior Descending Artery

The section of the left anterior descending coronary artery that arises from the left main coronary artery and extends to the first diagonal branch.


thoracic cavity artery

An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm].


coronary artery

An artery that supplies the myocardium.


Mid-Right Coronary Artery Conduit

The section of the right coronary artery between the right ventricular artery and the acute marginal artery.


Second Right Posterolateral Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, this is the second branch that arises from the right coronary artery distal to the right posterior descending artery, when counted from proximal to distal.


epigastric artery

An external iliac artery branch that supplies blood to the anterior abdominal wall.


Posterior Mediastinal Artery

The many arteries arising from the thoracic aorta that supply the lymph nodes and pleura of the posterior mediastinum.


thoracodorsal artery

The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery. It travels inferiorly with the thoracodorsal nerve and supplies the latissimus dorsi. [WP,unvetted].


inferior vesical artery

An artery that supplies blood to the lower urinary bladder.


Metatarsal artery

Any of the four dorsal or four plantar arteries that arise from the dorsalis pedis artery that extend over the metatarsal bones.


Third Posterolateral Descending Artery

In an individual with a left-dominant heart, this is the third branch that arises from the circumflex artery atrioventricular groove continuation when counted from proximal to distal. It supplies the posterolateral wall.


sural artery

The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries. [WP,unvetted].


thyroid artery

An artery that supplies a thyroid gland.


Structure of penile artery

Any of the arteries that supply blood to the penis, including the common penile artery, and the bulbourethral, dorsal, and cavernosal branches of the common penile artery.


uterine spiral artery

A corkscrew-like artery in premenstrual or progestational endometrium; uterine spiral arteries play a vital role in supplying nutrients to the placenta and fetus, and are thus remodeled into highly dilated inelastic vessels by the action of invading trophoblast (physiological change).


left common carotid artery plus branches

The leftmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from the aortic arch in the thorax.


Lateral Ramus Intermedius Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the ramus intermedius artery.


Right Ventricular Branch of Right Coronary Artery

The branch of the right coronary artery that supplies blood to the right ventricular wall.


Posterolateral Coronary Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, the arterial branch that arises from the distal right coronary artery in the posterior atrioventricular groove after the origin of the right posterior descending artery.


superior rectal artery

The superior rectal artery (superior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum.


lateral thoracic artery

A blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted].


infraorbital artery

The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye. [WP,unvetted].


superior thyroid artery

The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland.


masseteric artery

The masseteric artery is small and passes laterally through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the masseter muscle, which it supplies. It anastomoses with the masseteric branches of the external maxillary artery and with the transverse facial artery.


temporal artery

A terminal branch of the external carotid artery that branches into the anterior and posterior temporal arteries.


Anterior Circumflex Artery

An axillary artery branch with distribution to the humeral head and biceps muscle.


Pulmonary Artery Branch

Any artery arising from the pulmonary artery.


nutrient foramen artery

The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals.


Common Femoral Artery Branch

The proximal portion of the femoral artery.


right coronary artery

Coronary artery which runs along the right side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the right side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified].


Superficial femoral artery

The portion of the femoral artery distal to the branching of the deep femoral artery that runs close to the skin.


spinal artery

Arteries that supply the spinal cord.


Branch of femoral artery

Any artery arising from the femoral artery.


Anastomotica Magna Artery

A brachial artery branch with distribution to the muscles at the back of the elbow.


Lateral First Obtuse Marginal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the first obtuse marginal artery.


Hand Digit 2 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the index finger, either the radial artery of the index finger or the ulnar proper digital artery.


Third left marginal artery

The third artery arising from the left circumflex artery that supplies the lateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Popliteal Artery Above the Knee

The segment of the popliteal artery that is located above the knee.


Branch of anterior tibial artery

An arterial branch arising from the anterior tibial artery.


subscapular artery

The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted].


Intercostal Artery Branch

Either of three arteries (posterior or dorsal branch, collateral intercostal and spinal) that branch off of the intercostal artery.


Anterior Carpal Artery

One of the arteries that deliver blood to the wrist. It arises from the radial artery and forms an anastomosis with the ulnar anterior carpal artery.


Proximal Right Coronary Artery Conduit

The section of the right coronary artery proximal to the origin of the right ventricular artery.


Internal Pubic Artery

An artery that supplies the external sex organs in both males and females.


Lateral Second Obtuse Marginal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the second obtuse marginal artery.


superficial cervical artery

It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery.


First Left Posterolateral Branch Artery

In an individual with a left-dominant heart, this is the first branch that arises from the circumflex artery atrioventricular groove continuation when counted from proximal to distal. It supplies the posterolateral wall.


gastroepiploic artery

One of two (right and left) arteries along the greater curvature of the stomach that supply blood to the greater omentum and stomach.


Inferior Profunda Artery

A small blood vessel arising from the brachial artery in the lower portion of the upper arm that supplies blood to the head of the triceps muscle.


Branch of common iliac artery

Any artery arising from the common iliac artery.


Structure of marginal branch of right coronary artery

The arteries that arise at the junction of the proximal and mid-right coronary artery conduit segments.


Structure of gastroduodenal artery

A small artery located in the abdomen that arises from the common, left, or right hepatic artery, and supplies blood to the pylorus of the stomach, the proximal duodenum, and the head of the pancreas.


Distal Right Coronary Artery Conduit

The section of the right coronary artery distal to the origin of the acute marginal artery.


Perforating Artery of the Thigh

One of four arteries arising from the profunda femoris that pass through the adductor magnus muscle to supply the back of the thigh.


Third Right Posterolateral Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, this is the third branch that arises from the right coronary artery distal to the right posterior descending artery, when counted from proximal to distal.


internal iliac artery

The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted].


Common Carotid Artery Branch

Any artery that takes its origin from the common carotid artery, most commonly the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery.


Second Diagonal Branch Artery

The second artery arising from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supplies the anterolateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Deep Palmar Artery

An arched blood vessel arising from the terminal portion of the radial artery and the ulnar artery located on the bases of the metacarpal bones.


Radial Artery of the Endometrium

Arteries that arises from the arcuate arteries in the myometrium and supply small straight arteries to the basal layer of the endometrium and spiral arteries to the functional zone of the endometrium.


Posterior Circumflex Artery

An artery branching off of the axillary artery that supplies the shoulder joint and the teres minor and deltoid muscles.


left pulmonary artery

The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung.


Structure of thyroidea ima artery

An artery that can arise from the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery, aortic arch, internal mammary artery, right common carotid artery, or the subclavian artery to supply the lower portion of the thyroid gland.


External Plantar Artery

An artery supplying blood to the bottom of the feet and toes that arises from the posterior tibial artery.


thoraco-acromial artery

The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor. [WP,unvetted].


superior gluteal artery

The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted].


inferior thyroid artery

One of the three branches of the thyroid axis that supplies the thyroid gland and branches to form the ascending cervical, esophageal, inferior laryngeal, muscular and tracheal arteries.


Left Anterior Descending Septal Perforator Artery

The arteries that arise from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supply the interventricular septum.


dorsal metacarpal artery

Aanastomosis of dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery near the back of the wrist. It is made up of the dorsal carpal branches of both the ulnar and radial arteries. It also anastomoses with the anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery. The arch gives off three dorsal metacarpal arteries.


lingual artery

The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP].


Subdivision of deep femoral artery

Any artery arising from the deep femoral artery.


Structure of pericardial artery

The small arteries arising from the thoracic aorta that supply the pericardium.


Structure of middle rectal artery

An artery arising from the internal iliac artery that supplies the middle section of the rectum and anastomoses with the superior and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries.


Hand Digit 5 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the little finger, either the ulnar or radial proper digital artery.


First left marginal artery

The first artery arising from the left circumflex artery that supplies the lateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Branch of axillary artery

Any artery arising from the axillary artery.


Structure of deep brachial artery

A blood vessel arising from the brachial artery in the center of the upper arm that supplies blood to the triceps muscle and humerus.


Branch of dorsalis pedis artery

Any artery arising from the dorsalis pedis artery.


Hand Digit 3 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the middle finger, either the ulnar or radial proper digital artery.


anterior tibial artery

The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted].


branch of external carotid artery

Any artery arising from the external carotid artery.


Lateral First Diagonal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the first diagonal artery.


mental artery

The mental branch of inferior alveolar artery escapes with the nerve at the mental foramen, supplies the chin, and anastomoses with the submental and inferior labial arteries. [WP,unvetted].


obturator artery

The obturator artery passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. [WP,unvetted].


plantar metatarsal artery

The plantar metatarsal arteries (digital branches) are four in number, and run forward between the metatarsal bones and in contact with the Interossei. Each divides into a pair of plantar digital arteries which supply the adjacent sides of the toes. Near their points of division each sends upward an anterior perforating branch to join the corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery. The first plantar metatarsal artery (arteria princeps hallucis) springs from the junction between the lateral plantar and deep plantar arteries and sends a digital branch to the medial side of the first toe. The digital branch for the lateral side of the fifth toe arise from the lateral plantar artery near the base of the fifth metatarsal bone.


Azygos Articular Artery

A small blood vessel branch arising opposite of the back of the knee joint from the popliteal artery and supplies the ligaments and synovial membrane in the interior of the articulation.


Distal Left Anterior Descending Artery

The segment of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that is distal to the third diagonal branch.


Lateral Second Diagonal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the second diagonal artery.


ethmoidal artery

One of: anterior or posterior ethmoidal arteries.


left coronary artery

Coronary artery which runs along the left side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the left side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified].


Resectable Carcinoma

Carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck that is amenable to surgical resection.


Carcinoma duodenum resectable

Carcinoma of the duodenum amendable to surgical removal.


Resectable Periampullary Adenocarcinoma

Periampullary adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical removal.


Resectable Digestive System Carcinoma

Digestive system carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Skin squamous cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Localized Resectable Adult Liver Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which is amendable to surgical removal.


Resectable Skin Carcinoma

Skin carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Small intestine carcinoma resectable

Carcinoma of the small intestine amendable to resection.


Resectable Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Localized Resectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is amenable to surgical resection.


Carcinoma liver resectable

A hepatocellular carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Borderline Resectable Carcinoma

A carcinoma term that refers to a continuum between resectable and locally advanced unresectable disease.


Resectable Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma

Liver and intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Gastric Xanthoma

A xanthoma located in the stomach.


Childhood Cerebellar Anaplastic Astrocytoma

A cerebellar anaplastic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Childhood Cerebellar Astrocytoma

Regrowth of benign and malignant childhood cerebellar astrocytomas that have previously been subjected to surgical resection and less frequently other forms of therapy such as radiation or chemotherapy.  Recurrence of benign tumors (e.g., (pilocytic astrocytoma) may respond to a second surgical procedure.


epithelial tube

Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.


metanephric ureteric bud

The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO].


epithelium of male urethra

An epithelium that is part of a male urethra.


pulmonary artery endothelium

An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO].


renal tubule

A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


mesonephric tubule

A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP].


renal cortex tubule

A region of nephron tubule that is part of a cortex of kidney.


male paramesonephric duct

An epithelial tube that develops from a Mullerian duct in a male. Later degenerates.


mesonephric connecting tubule

The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros.


jugular lymph sac

An embryonic lymph sac that forms at the junction of the future internal jugular/anterior cardinals and subclavian veins.


dental follicle

A sac containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament. In addition, it may be the precursor of other cells of the periodontium, including osteoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. They develop into the alveolar bone, the cementum with Sharpey's fibers and the periodontal ligament fibers respectively.


mesonephric nephron tubule

A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros[GO].


nephric duct

A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO].


distal tubule

The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that consists of the distal convoluted tubule and distal straight tubule segments.


efferent duct epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a efferent duct.


uriniferous tubule

Functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule.


ejaculatory duct epithelium

The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands.


embryonic lymph sac

A population of lymphatic endothelial cell precursors that will form the lymph vessels.


metanephric proximal straight tubule

The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule[GO].


endothelial tube

Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition].


renal connecting tubule

The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO].


epithelium of pancreatic duct

An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct.


mammary duct

Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO].


arborizing epithelial duct system

A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal.


proximal straight tubule

The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.


ureteric bud trunk

Ureteric bud cells that elongate to form a rigid structure (stalk) consisting of polarized epithelial cells without branching; the stalks differentiate into the collecting system of the mature kidney, while the tip cells interact with the adjacent cells of the metanephric mesenchyme, inducing their conversion into nephrons.


embryonic cisterna chyli

An embryonic lymph sac that is dorsal to the retroperitoneal lymph sac, at the level of the adrenal glands.


heart tube

An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


paroophoron

A collection of a few scattered rudimentary tubules child, situated in the broad ligament between the epoophoron and the uterus.


metanephric loop of Henle

The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros[GO].


outer medulla outer stripe loop of Henle

A loop of Henle that is part of a kidney outer medulla outer stripe.


metanephric nephron tubule

A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO].


transitional epithelium of prostatic urethra


dorsal pancreatic bud

Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.


ventral pancreatic bud

Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct.


epithelial sac

An epithelial tube that is open at one end only.


mammary duct terminal end bud

A unique club-shaped epithelial structure that develops at the tip of the mammary duct at the onset of puberty under the action of circulating hormones.


pleuroperitoneal canal

Each of the canals that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity.


mesonephric distal tubule

The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the mesonephric connecting tubule.


pronephric proximal convoluted tubule

A proximal convoluted tubule that is part of a pronephros.


proximal tubule

In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO].


iliac lymph sac

An embryonic lymph sac that forms near the junction of the iliac veins with the posterior cardinal veins.


distal straight tubule postmacula segment


metanephric distal convoluted tubule

The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is a portion of the metanephric nephron tubule that connects the metanephric loop of Henle to the collecting duct[GO].


male mammary gland duct

A mammary gland duct that is part of a male organism. This structure typically regresses.


accessory lymph sac

An extracoelomic lateral abdominal space that accumulates body fluid.


thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

The distal sub-portion of the ascending loop of Henle which is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and enters the renal cortex to empty a hypotonic filtrate into the distal convoluted tubule.


metanephric distal tubule

The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule[GO].


primitive metanephric nephron

A primitive nephron that is part of a metanephros.


Rathkes pouch epithelium

An epithelial sac that is part of a Rathke's pouch.


ureteric bud tip

The terminal end of the ureteric tree; the ureteric tip cells are proliferating immature cells located at the branching points that induce the adjacent cap mesenchyme to undergo nephrogenesis.


Malpighian tubule

A tubule that extends from the posterior part of the digestive tract which absorbs solutes, water, and wastes from the surrounding hemolymph. Each tubule consists of a single layer of cells that is closed off at the distal end with the proximal end joining the alimentary canal at the junction between the midgut and hindgut[WP,modified].


metanephric connecting tubule

The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros[GO].