maintenance of pigment granule location

Any process in which a pigment granule is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = indole + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


negative regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the presence of oxygen.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'methyl thioadenosine + H2O = 5'methyl thioinosine + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + 2-oxoglutarate = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + L-glutamate.


achromobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


peptidyl-lysine crotonylation

The crotonylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Crotonyl is the univalent radical CH3-CH=CH-CO- derived from crotonic acid.


spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugates.


histidine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.


optic cup structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-aminobutanoyl-CoA + acetate.


kojic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kojic acid.


protein localization to plasma membrane of cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane of cell tip.


response to Gram-negative bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-negative bacterium.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 3-phosphate + UDP + H+.


mesonephric podocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


ds/ssDNA junction-specific dsDNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of double-stranded DNA near a double-strand/single-strand DNA junction.


bacteriocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacteriocins, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


transmembrane receptor histidine kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of a membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


alpha-ribazole biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).


L-ascorbic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.


pancreatic epsilon cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic epsilon cell. A pancreatic epsilon cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes ghrelin.


positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


beta-carotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-carotene.


delamination

The process of negative regulation of cell adhesion that results in a cell or sheet of cells splitting off from an existing epithelial sheet.


mitochondrion autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrial membrane and an autophagosome during mitophagy.


trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NAD+ = trans-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADH.


glucagon processing

The formation of mature glucagon by proteolysis of the precursor proglucagon.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-solanine + UDP-L-rhamnose = solanine + UDP.


hexose phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of hexose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Hexose phosphates is any of a group of monophosphorylated aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


negative regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + precorrin-3A.


apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA = mesaconyl-CoA + H2O.


negative regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


activation-induced B cell apoptotic process

B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.


guanosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanosine = ADP + GMP.


cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyclic-GMP-AMP from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclohexylformamide + H+ = cyclohexyl isocyanide + H2O.


positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.


histone H1R54 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H1 L-arginyl (position 54)= histone H1 L-citrullyl (position 54) + NH4+, resulting in histone H1 citrullination at position 54.


positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism.


IMP cyclohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


N-terminal peptidyl-valine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine

The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal valine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-aminobutanoyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA + NH4.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.


positive regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.


lateral root formation

The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


transitional stage B cell differentiation

The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent.


(+)-beta-chamigrene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-beta-chamigrene + diphosphoric acid.


endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.


post-embryonic medial fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


methionine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


tricyclic triterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glycerophospho group from one membrane-derived oligosaccharide to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + S-adenosylmethionine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate + 5'deoxyadenosine.


aminotriazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of amitrole from one side of a membrane to the other.


insecticide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.


cephamycin C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephamycin C.


vanillyl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + vanillyl alcohol = H2O2 + vanillin.


hexitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the presence of light.


sesquithujene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> 7-epi-sesquithujene + diphosphoric acid.


glycolate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycolate = AH(2) + glyoxylate.


tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production

The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.


glutamate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = D-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a D-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino-acid.


positive regulation of basidium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


response to isobutanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isobutanol stimulus.


codeinone reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: codeine + NADP+ = codeinone + H+ + NADPH.


fusion of virus membrane with host outer membrane

Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell outer membrane during viral entry.


deoxycytidine salvage

Any process that generates deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


glutamate-ethylamine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + ethylamine = N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


modification by symbiont of host chloroplast

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell chloroplasts. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.


Catalysis of the reaction:acyl-CoA + glycerophosphocholine = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


metula development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of metulae over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide + methanol = H2O + Co-methyl-Co-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcob(I)amide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


acetophenone carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetophenone + CO2 = H+ + benzoyl acetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + formate + H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + licodione = 2'-O-methyllicodione + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = trans-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate + H+ + UDP.


3-formiminopyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formylpyruvate + HN3.


sperm competition

Any process that contributes to the success of sperm fertilization in multiply-mated females.


cardiac fibroblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


response to nematicide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nematicide stimulus. Nematicides are chemicals used to kill nematodes.


ITP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ITP, inosine triphosphate.


protein localization to presynapse

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse.


endopolyphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate + n H2O = (n+1) oligophosphate. The product contains 4 or 5 phosphate residues.


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + oxygen = 2,4-dichlorophenol + glyoxylate + succinate + CO2.


lung lobe formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.


Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase activity

Catalysis of the sulfurylation of the desulfo form of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), a cofactor required for the activity of some enzymes, such as aldehyde oxidase.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: choline(out) + Na+(out) = choline(in) + Na+(in).


menaquinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones that have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


peptidyl-arginine deglycation

The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from an arginine residue of a glycated protein.


Pup ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of Pup to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Pup + S = X + S-Pup, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Pup linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Pup linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


bacillithiol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.


negative regulation of pre-B cell receptor expression

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells.


positive regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.


envenomation resulting in modulation of process in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the manifestation of some change or damage to the bitten organism.


biotin-protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + protein = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-protein.


glycosulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-sulfate + H2O = D-glucose + H+ + sulfate.


D-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other.


suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + chorismate = 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate + L-glutamate. It is composed of two enzymatic activities (which may be present on one or two polypeptides); the first is a glutaminase which yields ammonia from glutamine, releasing glutamate. The ammonia is used by the second activity which catalyzes the amination of chorismate to form 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H+ + nicotinate.


gastrin receptor activity

Combining with gastrin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-propargylglycine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-propargylglycine (Pra). L-propargylglycine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria.


protein localization to axon

A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within an axon.


regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.


Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione + Glu(-Cys)(n)-Gly = Gly + Glu(-Cys)(n+1)-Gly.


cell-cell signaling via exosome

Cell-cell signaling in which the ligand is carried between cells by an exosome.


dolichol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + dolichol = CDP + dolichyl phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate + 2 H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3.


cyanuric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanuric acid, a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, and a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides, such as atrazine and simazine. It is widely used for the stabilization of available chlorine in swimming pool water and is also the starting compound for the synthesis of many organic derivatives.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + glyoxylate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate + CO2.


GTP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-DNA.


CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell as part of an immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = acetaldehyde + pyruvate.


epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart that arises from the epicardium and secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


opheline kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoethyl methyl phosphate = N'-phosphoguanidinoethyl methylphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


phenotypic switching in response to host

A reversible switch of a cell from one phenotype to another that occurs upon infection of a host or host cell. For example, Candida albicans switches from a unicellular form to an invasive multicellular filamentous form upon infection of host tissue. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.


toluene-4-sulfonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, the anion of sulfonic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.


positive regulation of male germ cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = 1,2-diacyl-3-[3-(alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminyl)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol + CMP + H+.


nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, down a concentration gradient

Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, down the concentration gradient.


response to stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages of neoagaro-oligosaccharides that are smaller than a hexamer, yielding 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose and D-galactose.


decanoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + decanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + decanoyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H2O + succinyl-CoA = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + CoA.


carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


fruit replum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit replum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit replum is a portion of fruit placenta tissue that divides a fruit into two or more chambers and develops from a replum.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis.


disruption of host pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor signaling pathway

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a host PMAP signaling pathwaay, initiated by a ligand binding of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to activate a plant innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


excitatory chemical synaptic transmission

Synaptic transmission that results in an excitatory postsynaptic potential.


mRNA 5'-phosphatase activity

A 5'-end triphospho-[mRNA] + H2O = a 5'-end diphospho-[mRNA] + H+ + phosphate.


3-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 3-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


cellular response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


regulation of beta-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexano-6-lactam = D-2-aminohexano-6-lactam.


positive regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + reduced acceptor = benzothiazole + hydrogen sulfide + oxidized acceptor.


(+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-demethylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D- and (1->6)-alpha-D- linkages in mannan, releasing D-mannose.


hemoglobin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin; especially, the proteolytic cleavage of hemoglobin to yield free heme, peptides, and amino acids.


N6-(Delta2-isopentenyl)-adenosine 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + H2O <=> N(6)-dimethylallyladenine + D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate.


cell-cell signaling by wnt

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another, medaited by a wnt family protein ligand. This process includes wnt signal transduction in the receiving cell, release of wnt ligand from a secreting cell as well as any processes that actively facilitate wnt transport and presentation to receptor on the recieving cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O + H+ = S-inosyl-L-homocysteine + NH4.


response to Thyroid stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.


snRNA (adenine-N6)-methylation

The posttranscriptional N6-methylation of an adenine residue in an snRNA molecule.


tetrose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.


negative regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

Any process that decreases blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


dorsal closure

The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine + 2 H2O = 1-nitro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-diol.


shamixanthone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shamixanthone.


leptotene

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible.


Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamaldehyde + O2 + H2O = H+ + trans-cinnamate + hydrogen peroxide.


insulin-responsive glucose:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+, in response to a stimulus by insulin. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-methyl-N-deacetylisoipecoside + H2O <=> 6-O-methyl-N-deacetylisoipecoside aglycon + beta-D-glucose.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland cord. Epithelial cells of the mammary cord give it its funnel-like shape and some are cornified.


peptidyl-histidine uridylylation

The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine) or peptidyl-3'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-UMP-histidine, pros-UMP-histidine).


regulation of basophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.


regulation of metula development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


sebaceous gland cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a sebaceous gland cell.


trigeminal nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the trigeminal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


Catalysis of the reaction: 11alpha-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 2 H2O + NADP.


Golgi distribution to daughter cells

Any process in which disassembled Golgi vesicles are localized into daughter cells upon cell division.


quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + ubiquinone = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + ubiquinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.


N6-methyl-AMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + H2O + N6-methyl-AMP = IMP + methylamine. Can also use N6-methyl-dAMP as a substrate.


terminal branching, open tracheal system

Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil + NADP+ = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + H+ + NADPH.


pyridine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + pyridine = N-methylpyridinium + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


D-arginase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arginine + H2O = D-ornithine + urea.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA = NADH + H+ + 2-methylaceto-acetyl-CoA.


negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


modulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methoxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-methoxypyrene-6,7-oxide + H2O.


sorbitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


proximal stomach smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the proximal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The proximal stomach, composed of the fundus and upper body, shows low frequency, sustained tonic contractions that are responsible for generating a basal pressure within the stomach.


anaerobic glycine catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


inferior reticular formation development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of mitotic spindle elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle.


Catalysis of the reaction: brassinolide + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> brassinolide-23-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


coronary sinus valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the coronary sinus valve is generated and organized.


mesonephric capsule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric capsule are generated and organized. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


pattern orientation

The actions or reactions of an individual in response to the orientation of a visual pattern. This is exemplified by some classes of insects which are able to detect and learn the orientation of a set of stripes and subsequently behaviorally discriminate between horizontal, vertical or 45 degree stripes.


adhesion of symbiont to host endothelial cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host endothelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic microtubule.


The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another deoxyribopyrimidine nucleoside.


serotonin-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when the biogenic amine serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


nitrite reductase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammonium hydroxide + 3 NAD+ + H2O = nitrite + 3 NADH + 3 H+.


mitochondrial double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The repair of a double-strand break in mitochondrial DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.


mitotic S phase

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled cAMP receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by extracellular cAMP binding to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


larval midgut histolysis

The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + scutellarein <=> UDP( + scutellarin + H+.


mitotic telophase

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


negative regulation of backward locomotion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion.


cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation

The attachment of one cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.


host-mediated regulation of intestinal microbiota composition

The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells such as the bacteria in the gut.


positive regulation of glomerular metanephric mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

Any process that modulates the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


toxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


beta-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of beta-glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in a beta configuration.


membrane scission GTPase motor activity

Generation of a 'twisting' activity resulting in the scission of a membrane, driven by GTP hydrolysis.


oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerate + CO2 + NAD(P)+ = NAD(P)H + H+ + 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate.


detection of muscle activity

The series of events in which a muscle activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 6beta-hydroxy-syn-pimaradiene + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + dTTP = diphosphate + dTDP-D-galactose.


mating-type M-factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with the mating-type peptide pheromone M-factor and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. M-factor is a nine-membered oligopeptide that consists of tyrosyl, threonyl, prolyl, lysyl, valyl, prolyl, tyrosyl, methionyl and methyl S-farnesylcysteinate residues joined in sequence, and is a peptide pheromone released by Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of the cellular mating type Minus.


glycerophospholipid acyltransferase (CoA-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-radyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-radyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.


rhodopsin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorophenylacetate + NADH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + chloride + NAD+.


siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-asparagine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-asparagine.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (9R,10S)-dihydroxystearate + O2 + NADPH <=> 9,10,18-trihydroxystearate + H2O + NADP.


benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + betanidin <=> H+ + gomphrenin I + UDP.


regulation of starch catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.


ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + a ceramide = CMP + a ceramide phosphoethanolamine.


adenine binding

Binding to adenine, a purine base.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + vanillate + H+.


UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose = UDP-galactose.


rhombomere 1 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 1 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


fructosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a fructosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


methionine catabolic process to succinyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine into other compounds, including succinyl-CoA.


adenylate cyclase-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


phosphatidylcholine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + choline = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CMP + H+.


levopimaradienol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + levopimaradienol + NADPH + O2 <=> levopiramadiene-diol + NADP + H2O.


regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.


cellular biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + H+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + H+(in).


energy quenching

The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted by nonphotochemical quenching or chlorophyll fluorescence.


conus arteriosus morphogenesis

The process in which the conus arteriosus is generated and organized. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


adaptive immune effector response

An adaptive immune response that involves one or more immune effector processes and takes place during the effector phase of the adaptive immune response.


8-hydroxy-dADP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxy-dADP + H2O = 8-hydroxy-dAMP + phosphate.


anaphase

The cell cycle phase, following metaphase, during which the chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an immature plasmacytoid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell contributing to an immune response.


estrous cycle phase

The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the estrous cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The estrous cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.


regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


glutamyl-tRNA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate + NADP+ + tRNA(Glu) = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH.


positive regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.


killing by virus of host cell during superinfection exclusion

The viral-killing of a host cell by a pre-existing virus in response to a subsequent infection of the host cell by second virus.


thymine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.


phenylpropanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: baccatin III + (3R)-3-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl-CoA = N-debenzoyl-(3'-RS)-2'-deoxytaxol + coenzyme A.


scopoletin glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scopoletin + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + scopolin + UDP.


methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + H2O.


negative regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.


7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ chlorophyll a + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.


CAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAC codon.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (polyphosphate)n + AMP = (polyphosphate)n-1 + ADP.


disruption by virus of host cell wall peptidoglycan during virus entry

A process carried out by a virus that breaks down peptidoglycans in the cell wall of its host during viral entry.


2'-5'-RNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 2'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).


positive regulation of host-seeking behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.


baroreceptor detection of arterial stretch

The series of events by which the change in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


positive regulation of cholesterol import

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol import.


glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


fastigial nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fastigial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


envenomation resulting in modulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.


L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indole, L-tryptophan-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole + L-serine = L-tryptophan + H2O.


tryptophan catabolic process to indole-3-acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including indole-3-acetate.


S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of S-adenosylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other. S-adenosylmethionine is S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (deaminating, decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NADP+ + NH3.


thymine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thymine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethyluracil + succinate + CO2.


strictosidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha(S)-strictosidine + H2O = secologanin + tryptamine.


diguanidinobutanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-diguanidinobutane + H2O = agmatine + urea.


oligonucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligonucleotides to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates.


structural constituent of albumen

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of albumen (also called egg white). Albumen is the clear liquid contained within an egg and consists of water and proteins, among which are ovomucin and ovomucoid. It protects the egg yolk and provides additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate.


dibenzothiophene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene + NAD+ = 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + H+ + NADH.


isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = calycosin + NADP+ + H2O.


depsipeptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.


Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidate + a sterol = a sterol ester + a lysophosphatidate.


regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.


dense core granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dense core granule. A dense core granule is a secretory organelle found in endocrine cells.


retinoic acid metabolic process in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the synthesis and degradation of retionic acid that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.


sterol sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a sterol.


[citrate (pro-3S)-lyase] ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (thiol form) = AMP + diphosphate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (acetyl form).


negative regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


RNA-mediated DNA recombination

The reverse transcription of an RNA molecule followed by recombination between the resultant cDNA and its homologous chromosomal allele.


myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid dendritic cell.


organomercurial transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organomercurial compounds from one side of a membrane to the other. Organomercurial substances are any organic compound containing a mercury atom.


brassinosteroid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + kaempferol-3-rhamnoside <=> kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside + UDP.


D-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NAD+ = D-ribulose + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.


methionine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + H+ = 3-methylthiopropanamine + CO2.


asperthecin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.


2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.


O-glycan processing, core 8

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 8 O-glycan structure, Gal-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N1-methylguanine37 in tRNAPhe = L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + carbon dioxide + H2O + 4-demethylwyosine37 in tRNAPhe.


posterior mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process in which a mRNA is transported to and maintained in the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo contributing to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus through nuclear pore

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus through the nuclear pore.


violaceol I catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol I.


positive regulation of turning behavior involved in mating

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> indole-3-acetate + carbon dioxide + NADP + H2O.


rhombomere 2 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


anterior/posterior pattern specification, imaginal disc

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that rapidly develop into adult appendages during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


synaptic vesicle budding

Evagination of a membrane to form a synaptic vesicle.


oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway

The reactions of the C2 pathway bring about the metabolic conversion of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate to one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate, which can be used by the C3 cycle, and one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2).


peptide cross-linking via 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid

The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an aspartic acid residue to form 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid.


regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell septum biogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene + diphosphate.


isovaleryl-CoA(4-) catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isovaleryl-CoA(4-).


regulation of reverse cholesterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.


cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.


non-classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein where other amino acids besides Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly can be present and grouped into regions, such as a Cys-rich or Asn-rich domains.


mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GDP + H+ = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + phosphate.


viral RNA editing

The process by which bases in viral mRNA are chemically altered during viral transcription. This is usually the incorporation of 1 - 6 additional nucleotides, which shifts the reading frame, allowing the generation of different protein products or through a specific nucleotide change that eliminates the termination codon.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotetraose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


23S rRNA (guanine(2445)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(2445) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(2445) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of secondary growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.


suppression by virus of host molecular function

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host protein.


aspartate 1-decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = beta-alanine + CO2.


regulation of timing of plant organ formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plant organ formation at a consistent predetermined time point during development.


microtubule bundle maintenance

The organization process that preserves a microtubule bundle in a stable functional or structural state.


DNA replication termination

The process in which DNA replication at a replication fork ceases; occurs when the replication fork reaches a specific termination site or when two replication forks meet.


negative regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


carbon utilization

A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbon sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbon source and to transport and metabolize alternative carbon sources such as carbon dioxide or carbonic acid. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbon levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbon-containing substances, and ends when carbon is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


galactosylceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-galactose + N-acylsphingosine.


peptide cross-linking via 2-amino-3-isothiazolidinone-L-serine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl serine cross-link through a process of forming first an intermediate cysteine sulfenic acid by peroxide oxidation, followed by condensation with the alpha-amido of the following serine residue and the release of water.


aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell surrounding the aorta.


pyrimidine nucleobase binding

Binding to a pyrimidine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a pyrimidine skeleton.


synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion

Fusion of a synaptic vesicle with an endosome.


L-altrarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-altrarate.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


spermidine acetylation

The modification of spermidine by addition of acetyl groups.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of Wnt signaling through beta-catenin that results in the formation of the neural plate anterior/posterior pattern.


negative regulation of intracellular sterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.


peptidyl-histidine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine) or peptidyl-3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine).


negative regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.


exosporium assembly

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of an exosporium, the outermost layer of a bacterial endospore.


inosine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inosine + H2O = D-ribose + hypoxanthine.


vomilenine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vomilenine = H+ + raucaffricine + UDP.


cellular response to far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


glycosphingolipid deacylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids, releasing fatty acids to form the lyso-derivatives.


regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.


11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.


outward migration of deep nuclear neurons

The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from their ventrolateral origin to a rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate.


plant-type cell wall cellulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


diphosphoinositol polyphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.


plastoquinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of plastoquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme present in the chloroplast.


leaflet formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a leaflet from unspecified parts. A leaflet is one of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf.


negative regulation of cardiac ventricle formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.


positive regulation of ornithine catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.


choloylglycine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholan-24-oylglycine + H2O = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanate + glycine.


neutral, basic amino acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral/basic amino acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = neutral/basic amino acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


response to butan-1-ol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butan-1-ol stimulus.


ursolic aldehyde 28-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ursolic aldehyde + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> ursolic acid + NADP + H2O.


primary branching, open tracheal system

Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity (using a glucosylated glycogenin as primer for glycogen synthesis)

Catalysis of the reaction: a glucosylated glycogenin = a glycogen.


structural constituent of postsynaptic density

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic density.


cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the embryonic placenta.


negative regulation of germ cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.


response to maltose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.


dUTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.


gynoecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gynoecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gynoecium is the collective name for the carpels of a flower.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenine + S-D-ribosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of iodide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.


swimming behavior

The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of swimming. Swimming is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the water.


mycotoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activity

Combining with glucagon-like peptide 1 and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


leukocyte activation-dependent arrest

The formation of an integrin-dependent strong adhesive bond between leukocytes and blood vessel endothelial cells which is dependent on prior activation of the leukocyte and leads to the firm attachment of the leukocyte to the endothelial surface, typically the third step in cellular extravasation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + formate + 2 H+.


regulation of trehalose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-16:0-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of a cell in the dorsal spinal cord that affects the rate of its division.


stromal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development

The process of transferring information from a stromal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted, as part of prostate gland development.


P granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a P granule.


plastid inner membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the inner membrane of a plastid.


negative regulation of collagen catabolic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


alginic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).


prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADP+ = (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADPH.


9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene desaturation to 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene

The series of reactions in which 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene is desaturated to 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene, and then 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene. The overall reaction for this process is: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone = 2 quinol + 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene.


DNA (6-4) photolyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). Catalyzes the reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + H2O = AMP + glucose-1-phosphate.


uridine to cytidine editing

The conversion of a uridine residue to cytosine in an RNA molecule by amination.


L-threonine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-threonine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-threonine is (2R*,3S*)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid.


copper incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of copper into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


anthranilate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).


trisaccharide binding

Binding to a trisaccharide. Trisaccharides are sugars composed of three monosaccharide units.


protein trans-autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of a residue on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.


cyclic nucleotide-gated mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


dephospho-[reductase kinase] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dephospho-[[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase] = ADP + [[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase].


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a asparaginyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


cardiac glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac glial cell over time, from its formation to the fully functional mature cell.


delta14-sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = NADPH + H+ + 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3-beta-ol.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate = acetate + D-galactosamine 6-phosphate.


cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


mesonephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the mesonephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The mesonephric S-shaped body is the successor of the mesonephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros.


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in rearward cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the rear of the cell.


selenoneine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenoneine.


negative regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.


prenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.


single-stranded 3'-5' DNA helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.


mitotic cell cycle phase

One of the distinct periods or stages into which the mitotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


light-independent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the absence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


formaldehyde assimilation via xylulose monophosphate cycle

The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the xylulose monophosphate cycle. Methylotrophic yeasts, but not bacteria, utilize the xylulose monophosphate cycle to fix formaldehyde and convert it into metabolically useful organic compounds.


fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of a fatty acid to an alpha-hydroxylated fatty acid. A hydroxyl group is added to the second carbon, counted from the carboxyl end, of a fatty acid chain.


nephrocyte filtration

The process by which hemolymph is filtered based on size and charge through a nephrocyte filtration barrier formed by the basement membrane and nephrocyte diaphragm.


lipopolysaccharide core heptosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A-phosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = glucosyl-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-phosphate + ADP + H+.


double-strand break repair via transcription-associated homologous recombination

A mechanism of homologous recombination and DNA repair in which transcript RNA is used as a template for DSB repair.


metanephric capsule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric capsule from unspecified parts. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


pollen tube adhesion

The process in which the pollen tube adheres to cells of the stigma and style.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.


negative regulation of cardiocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.


arteriole smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the arteriole. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The arteriole is the smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.


response to polycyclic arene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = CO2 + H2O + H+ + scopolamine + succinate.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in arabinogalactans.


defecation

The expulsion of feces from the rectum.


menopause

Cessation of menstruation, occurring in (e.g.) the human female usually around the age of 50.


negative regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate.


histone H2AK129 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-129 residue.


bursa of Fabricius development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bursa of Fabricius over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bursa of Fabricius is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-xylose 1-phosphate + UTP = UDP-D-xylose + diphosphate.


soluble molecule recognition

The recognition of soluble molecules in the environment.


negative regulation of xanthophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.


cellular response to stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell.


chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process

Synthesis, including the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin and other components, and deposition of a chitin-based embryonic cuticle by the underlying epidermal epithelium. This tough, waterproof cuticle layer is essential to provide structural integrity of the larval body. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-17A binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


F-9775B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving F-9775B.


viomycin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + viomycin = ADP + O-phosphoviomycin.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: thiamine(out) + H+(out) = thiamine(in) + H+(in).


glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxopentanoate + NADP + H2O = glutarate + NADPH + 2 H+.


triterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


rhabdomere membrane biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a rhabdomere membrane.


abducens nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the abducens nerve is generated and organized. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


peptidyl-glutamine 2-methylation

The methylation of glutamine to form 2-methyl-L-glutamine.


protein N-linked glycosylation via arginine

The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-arginine, omega-N-glycosyl-L-arginine.


isopentenyl adenine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.


hemaglutinin autotransporter activity

Enables the transfer of hemaglutinin from the periplasm to the external milieu; the hemaglutinin and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.


hexulose-6-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranylplastoquinol.


UGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGA codon.


positive regulation of activin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.


mitochondrial tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification

The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in mitochondrial tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).


cellular stress response to acidic pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in the homeostasis of organismal or cellular pH (with pH < 7). pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-3,4-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + 2 X-SO3(-) = 2 HX + phenanthrene-3,4-dihydrodiolsulfate conjugate.


positive regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.


sex comb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sex comb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sex combs are the male specific chaetae located on the prothoracic tarsal segment of the prothoracic leg.


Enterobacter ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure.


high-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).


isoflavonoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.


tRNA C3-cytosine methylation

The process whereby a cytosine in a tRNA is methylated at position 3 of the cytosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + NADP+ = 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + H+ + NADPH.


reverse transcription

A DNA synthesis process that uses RNA as the initial template for synthesis of DNA, but which also includes an RNase activity to remove the RNA strand of an RNA-DNA heteroduplex produced by the RNA-dependent synthesis step and use of the initial DNA strand as a template for DNA synthesis.


protein localization to medial cortex

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the medial cortex.


protein serine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclohexylformamide + OH- = cyclohexylamine + formate.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + NADP+ + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate = NADPH + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate.


endothelial cell fate determination

A process involved in cell fate commitment of an endothelial cell. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


meiotic anaphase II

The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis II.


trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of endocannabinoid ligands, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prephenate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH.


head involution

Movement of the anterior ectoderm to the interior of the embryo.


mandelate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.


regulation of oospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.


sequestering of manganese ion

The process of binding or confining manganese ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


positive regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.


parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a parkin-family molecule.


spermidine deacetylation

The modification of acetylspermadine by the removal of acetyl groups.


single-species surface biofilm formation

A process in which microorganisms produce an extracellular matrix and form multicellular aggregates at an air-liquid interface.


butanediol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.


cellular response to absence of light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.


G/U mismatch-specific uracil-DNA glycosylase activity

Hydrolyzes mismatched double-stranded DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free uracil and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site.


D-myo-inositol (1,3,4,6)-tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate(8-) + ATP = H+ + 1L-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate(10-) + ADP.


oligoxyloglucan reducing-end-specific cellobiohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of cellobiose from the reducing end of xyloglucans consisting of a beta-(1->4) linked glucan carrying alpha-D-xylosyl groups on O-6 of the glucose residues. To be a substrate, the first residue must be unsubstituted, the second residue may bear a xylosyl group, whether further glycosylated or not, and the third residue, which becomes the new terminus by the action of the enzyme, is preferably xylosylated, but this xylose residue must not be further substituted.


tagatose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose + ATP = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


negative regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.


endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the chloroplasts of vascular plants. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


pentalenolactone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentalenolactone.


Catalysis of the reaction: cannabigerolate + O2 <=> delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid + hydrogen peroxide.


recruitment of mRNA capping enzyme to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex

The process in which the guanylyltransferase enzyme responsible for adding a 7-methylguanosine cap on pre-mRNA becomes associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and the 5' end of a transcript.


response to lectin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lectin stimulus. A lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein, highly specific for binding sugar moieties.


regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyruvate = alpha-ketoglutarate + D-lactate, with FAD functioning as an intermediate hydrogen acceptor.


dethiobiotin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin formed by replacing the sulfur atom by two hydrogen atoms.


membrane repolarization during AV node cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the AV node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


tRNA m2A37 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an adenine37 in tRNA <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + a 2-methyladenine37 in tRNA.