late distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


negative regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.


regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


negative regulation of pollen tube guidance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pollen tube guidance towards ovules. This is one mechanism to prevent polytuby, the simultaneous penetration of ovules by multiple pollen tubes.


oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein.


terephthalate decarboxylase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: terephthalate + H2O = benzoate + HCO3-.


positive regulation of transepithelial migration of symbiont in host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial migration of symbiont in host.


adenosylcobinamide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDMS.


phenylserine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threo-3-phenylserine = benzaldehyde + glycine.


protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle pole body.


peripheral B cell negative selection

Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the periphery.


mast cell proliferation

The expansion of a mast cell population by cell division.


p-cymene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.


modulation by virus of host G1/S transition checkpoint

Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host cell G1/S transition checkpoint.


non-recombinational interstrand cross-link repair

Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that does not involve homologous DNA recombination.


tartrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tartrate + NAD+ = oxaloglycolate + NADH + H+.


hopanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.


2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase (pyruvate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dialkylglycine + H+ + pyruvate = L-alanine + CO2 + dialkyl ketone.


organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound.


establishment of protein localization

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.


pronephric glomerulus development

The progression of the glomerulus of the pronephric kidney over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


ncRNA deadenylation

Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed ncRNA.


meristem structural organization

Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.


methylguanidinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + methylguanidine = methylammonium + urea.


cellular response to vitamin B3

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-choline

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with three consecutive N-methylation steps that are carried out on phospho-bases, phosphoethanolamine, phospho-N-methylethanolamine, and phospho-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylphenylethanolamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + isocaproyl-CoA = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA + isocaproate.


postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

The process by which diffusing neurotransmitter receptor becomes trapped at the postsynaptic specialization membrane. This is typically due to interaction with components of the post-synaptic specialization.


carbon fixation by acetyl-CoA pathway

A pathway of carbon dioxide fixation in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA is completely synthesized from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2).


T cell extravasation

The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate = H2O + methacrylate.


strigolactone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of strigolactone.


extracellular phenylacetaldehyde-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular phenylacetaldehyde has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


aerenchyma formation

The process that gives rise to aerenchyma, parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


bulbus arteriosus formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the bulbus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic chamber of the heart.


tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide + reduced acceptor = tetrahydrothiophene + acceptor.


purine deoxyribonucleoside salvage

Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5A + H2O = cobalt-precorrin 5B + acetaldehyde + H+.


cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


peptide cross-linking via sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine

The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine (meso-lanthione).


renal protein absorption

A renal system process in which proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).


pallium glioblast division

The division of a glioblast in the pallium. A glioblast is a dividing precursor cell that gives rise to glial cells.


response to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine stimulus. 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; it is used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.


trigeminal ganglion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a trigeminal ganglion is generated and organized.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by epinephrine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule epinephrine.


macrophage cytokine production

The appearance of a macrophage cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


mitochondria-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions.


circadian regulation of heart rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system

Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct diameter. When primary branches form their lumens are small (less than 2 micrometers) in caliber and must undergo regulated expansion during larval life to reach their mature size.


protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine

The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine.


tricarboxylate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tricarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


intermediate mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


(S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate = H2O + mesaconate.


regulation of motor neuron migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


ABC-type cadmium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd (cytosol) = ADP + phosphate + Cd (vacuole).


ADP-dependent short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a short-chain acyl-CoA = a short-chain carboxylate + CoA.


nucleotide-excision repair involved in interstrand cross-link repair

Any nucleotide-excision repair that is involved in interstrand cross-link repair.


flavone apiosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-apiose + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-(beta-D-apiofuranosyl-1,2-beta-D-glucosyl)-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone.


self-resistance to endogenously produced metabolite

A process that reduces or removes the toxicity of an endogenously produced substance. Mechanisms of resistance to endogenously produced compounds include modification the compound, export, sequestration, or mutations in the target enzyme.


N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glucosamine = N-acyl-D-mannosamine.


purine ribonucleotide binding

Binding to a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


eurydendroid cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature eurydendroid cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a eurydendroid cell fate. A eurydendroid cell is an efferent neuron found in the cerebellar cortex of teleosts.


lymphocyte migration into lymph node

The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into a lymph node, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen.


negative regulation of glomerular filtration by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


L-arabinose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-arabinose, arabino-pentose.


Leydig cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of Leydig cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Leydig cells are interstitial cells located adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testis which produce testosterone.


The methylation of the N-terminal phenylalanine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-phenylalanine.


regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.


regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a cell becomes able to take up and incorporate extracellular DNA into its genome.


GGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGU codon.


isopullulanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to isopanose (6-alpha-maltosylglucose).


phosphatidylethanolamine:Kdo2-lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Kdo2-lipid A + phosphatidylethanolamine = phosphoethanolamine-Kdo2-lipid A + diacylglycerol.


central B cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of B cells in the bone marrow.


CD4-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


dimethyl ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl ether, CH3-O-CH3, the simplest ether. Dimethyl ether, also known wood ether and methyl ether, is a colorless gas that has been used in refrigeration applications.


Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) + phosphate = [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate; substrates include laminarin.


positive regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.


glucosylglycerol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a glucosylglycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. A glucosylglycerol is an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.


modulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process by which one organism modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


spore wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a spore wall. A spore wall is the specialized cell wall lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


compartment boundary maintenance

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a compartment boundary. A compartment boundary is a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + ethanolamine phosphate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylethanolamine phosphate.


GGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGC codon.


regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.


Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinate to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, dependent on O2, NADH +H+ and FAD.


sucrose alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + H2O = alpha-D-glucose + beta-D-fructose.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


acetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid.


(S)-corytuberine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (S)-reticulinium(1+) + NADPH + O2 <=> (S)-corytuberine + NADP + 2 H2O.


NADPH-dependent dihydrocurcumin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrocurcumin + NADPH+ + H+ = tetrahydrocurcumin + NADP+.


regulation of macrophage tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage tolerance induction.


mast cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of mast cells such that the total number of mast cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


tetraterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.


vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + vitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-O-methylvitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside.


mesonephric mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of mesonephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.


sodium-dependent self proteolysis

The sodium-dependent hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.


negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


protein-phosphocysteine-D-fructose-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + D-fructose(out) = protein cysteine + D-fructose-1-phosphate(in).


guanosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + H2O = xanthosine + NH3.


thigmotropism

The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate = S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate.


auxin conjugate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxin conjugates, a bound form of auxin.


trihydroxytoluene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + O2 = 2,4,6-trioxoheptanoate.


S-methylmethionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-methyl-methionine (SMM) from methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met), catalyzed by methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT). SMM can be reconverted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.


versiconal reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versiconol + NADP <=> versiconal hemiacetal + NADPH + H+.


D-xylose fermentation

The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of D-xylose to ethanol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-heptaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


helper T cell diapedesis

The passage of a helper T cell between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.


pollen wall assembly

The formation of reticulate pollen wall pattern consisting of two layers, exine and intine.


phytol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytol + CTP = phytyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.


protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione disulfide+ protein-dithiol.


apiose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.


cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing

The cyclization of glutamine to yield an L-glutamimide residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.


disruption by symbiont of host tight cell-cell junction

The disruption of host host tight cell-cell junctions, a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


response to water-immersion restraint stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of water immersion while being held immobile.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-propyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADP <=> (2E)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-propylidene-3(2H)-furanone + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose = L-glutamate + UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose.


cobinamide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cobinamide + ATP = cobinamide phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group of the 1-amino-2-propanol residue of cobinamide, in the presence of ATP, to form cobinamide phosphate.


ATPase-coupled L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutamine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + glutamine(in).


3'-5' DNA/RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the 3' to 5' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetamide + catechol + NAD+.


cardioblast cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


histone H3R8 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 8) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3-N-methyl-arginine (position 8). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 8 of histone H3.


benzyladenine UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N-benzyladenine <=> H+ + N-benzyl-9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)adenine + UDP.


histone H4K12 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 12). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 12 of the histone H4 protein.


steryl-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside + H2O = D-glucose + cholesterol.


histamine-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when histamine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


sperm DNA decondensation

Unwinding of the condensed nuclear chromatin of an inactive male pronucleus after fertilization.


positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + 2,5-dihydroxypyridine = formate + maleamate.


fluoren-9-ol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fluoren-9-ol + 2 NADP+ = fluoren-9-one + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.


RNA polymerase V activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase V specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


negative regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.


regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating norepinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.


T cell secretory granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a T cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltotriose

The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltotriose.


phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + phenanthrylsulfate.


protein N-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-tryptophan, 1'-glycosyl-L-tryptophan; results in the formation of an (S)-2-amino-3-(1-D-mannopyranosyloxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid residue.


serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanyl-D-alanine + H2O = (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanine + D-alanine.


oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization

Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


molybdopterin synthase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of precursor Z to molybdopterin, the final step in molybdopterin biosynthesis.


positive regulation of androstenedione secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.


zymosterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).


negative regulation of heat generation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat generation.


leading edge cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RRACH = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RRm6ACH; R is a purine, and H is C, A, or U.


protein-heme linkage via 3'-L-histidine

The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 3'-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-heme-histidine, pros-heme-histidine).


Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the embryonic hindgut tube to form the Malpighian tubule. A bud is a protrusion that forms from the tube by localized changes in cell shape and position.


endo-alpha-(2,8)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (2->8)-alpha-sialosyl linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


DNA excision

The removal of a section of DNA from a larger DNA molecule by the making of dual incisions that flank the section to be excised.


regulation of multicellular organismal development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.


kappa-carrageenase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose in kappa-carrageenans.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.


lactase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose.


suppression by virus of host interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism.


activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by androgen binding to its receptor in the urogenital sinus mesenchyme that initiates prostate induction. Prostate induction is the close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.


prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of prostaglandins from one side of a membrane to the other. A prostaglandin is any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.


positive regulation of inhibin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.


endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network maintenance

The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.


mycodextranase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha-D-glucans containing both 1,3- and 1,4-bonds.


GSI anchor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchors, which attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.


RNA translocase activity

Generating a movement along a single- or double-stranded RNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


mammary stem cell proliferation

The expansion of a mammary stem cell population by cell division. Mammary stem cells are a source of cells for growth of the mammary gland during puberty and gestation. These cells can give rise to both the luminal and myoepithelial cell types of the gland, and can regenerate the entire organ.


ciliary pro-basal body maturation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the conversion of an immature and partially assembled ciliary pro-basal body into a mature basal body that is capable of nucleating a cilium.


negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.


negative regulation of starch metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.


regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.


muscle cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cyclization of asparagine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing

The cyclization of asparagine to yield an L-aspartimide (otherwise known as alpha-aminosuccinimide) residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that stops or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


O antigen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.


chorismate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate = chorismate + phosphate.


GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-mannose + H2O.


sporangiospore formation

The process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.


4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + ATP = 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + L-serine in mucin-type glycoproteins.


intestinal lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.


Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + an aromatic amino acid = L-glycine + an aromatic oxo acid.


apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> ladanein + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->5)-alpha-arabinofuranosidic linkages in (1->5) arabinans.


glutathione transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


eriodictyol 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + NADPH + O2 + 2 H+ <=> 2-hydroxyeriodictyol + NADP + H2O.


allantoinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allantoin + H2O = allantoate.


peptidyl-threonine decanoylation

The decanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


MHC class Ib protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules.


spermidine:coumaroyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a coumaroyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


coenzyme F420 binding

Binding to F420, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerol-3-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


positive regulation of renal sodium excretion by pressure natriuresis

An increase in the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.


methionine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = D-methionine.


flower formation

The process that gives rise to the flower. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


(S)-usnate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-2-acetyl-6-(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one + NAD+ = (S)-usnate + 2 H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosalaminyl-[glycan] = N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine + a glycan.


GMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

A decrease in the diameter of collecting lymphatic vessels.


CCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCC codon.


4-hydroxyphenylacetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.


cell septum edging catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the dissolution of the septum edging during cell separation.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + CoA + H+.


snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


neural plate thickening

The process of apical-basal elongation of individual ectodermal cells during the formation of the neural placode.


Pup conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of Pup from one protein to another via the reaction X-Pup + Y = Y-Pup + X, where both the X-Pup and Y-Pup linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


regulation of uredinium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


equator specification

The formation and development of the equator that forms the boundary between the photoreceptors in the dorsal sector of the eye and those in the ventral sector, dividing the eye into dorsal and ventral halves.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.


Catalysis of the reaction: galactitol-1-phosphate + NAD+ = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.


interleukin-21 production

The appearance of interleukin-21 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


neuromast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


positive regulation of peptide antigen transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events that contribute to the perception of pain in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyrophosphate + a 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine D-ribonucleotide = PRPP + a 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine.


positive regulation of distal tip cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


cyclohexane monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = cyclohexanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


response to freezing

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.


mesenchyme migration involved in limb bud formation

The migration of mesenchymal tissue that contributes to the formation of a limb bud.


CD86 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD86, a CD marker that occurs on antigen presenting cells that provides co-stimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.


cell chemotaxis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The directed movement of the outgrowing Malpighian tubule guided by specific chemical cues/signals. Movement may be towards a guidance cue (positive chemotaxis) or away from it (negative chemotaxis). Guidance contributes to the final positioning of the tubule.


5'-hydroxyl dinucleotide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in 5'OH-RNA according to the reaction 5'OH-RNA + H20 = 5'OH-NpN (dinucleotide) + 5'P-RNA.


suppression by virus of host innate immune response

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexanoate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the formation of the posterior neural plate, the posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.


2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.


establishment of bipolar cell polarity

The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


rhombomere 8 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 8 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-galactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + galactosamine(out) = protein histidine + galactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


rolling hairpin viral DNA replication

A viral DNA replication process where a 3' hairpin structure in the viral single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) template serves as a primer for host enzymes to synthesize DNA.


catabolism by virus of host DNA

The breakdown of host DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, by a virus.


branching involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland cord is generated and organized. The mammary gland cord is a solid epithelial structure that will hollow out, forming the mammary duct.


monoatomic cation efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a cation or cations from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


carvone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carvone + 2 H+ + 2 e- = dihydrocarvone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


positive regulation of amine catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 11-deoxycortisol + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


p-cresol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-cresol.


neuroblast delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neuroblast splits off of a neurectodermal sheet.


siderophore catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


L-sorbose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + O2 = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H2O2.


regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.


pancreatic D cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


lactate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = (R)-lactate.


tRNA acetylation

The modification of tRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to tRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


flavin reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a reduced flavin + NAD+ = an oxidized flavin + 2 H+ + NADH.


isopimaradienal hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopimaradienal + NADPH + O2 <=> isopimaric acid + NADP + H2O.


rhombomere 7 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 7 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


lysine carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + carbamoyl phosphate = L-homocitrulline + H+ + phosphate.


prophase

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of meiosis and mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + e-.


Catalyzes the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine.


angiotensin-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that increases the diameter of a blood vessel via the renin-angiotensin system.


methylthioribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate = 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O.


regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

Any process that modulates atrichoblast fate specification.


branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system

Allocation of a set number of cells to each primary branch in an open tracheal system, prior to the onset of cell migration. This establishes different domains of cells within the tracheal placode.


chemoattraction of dopaminergic neuron axon

The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.


regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: fluoroacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = fluoroacetate + NADH + 2 H+.


glucose catabolic process to D-lactate and ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the enzymatic breakdown of D-glucose to D-lactate and ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at the rate of one ATP per glucose molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + glycine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-glycine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


allose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of allose from one side of a membrane to the other. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress

Any response to laminar fluid shear stress in a vascular endothelial cell.


positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


alpha-cuprenene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (-)-alpha-cuprenene + diphosphoric acid.


[methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = [Co(I) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + H+ + methyl-coenzyme M. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.


taste bud morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the taste bud are generated and organized. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


NAD-dependent protein demyristoylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = tetradecanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


allantoicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allantoate + H2O = (S)-ureidoglycolate + urea.


pinocarveol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = pinocarvone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


high-affinity IgE receptor activity

Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


eugenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD(P)+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NAD(P)H + H+.


type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. ATP hydrolysis is required. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of two copies of a specific recognition sequence in an inverse orientation in the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance from one of the recognition sites.


exochitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-beta-linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, exochitinases progressively cleave off two subunits from the reducing or non-reducing ends of the chitin chain.


indole alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 2'-O-sulfate. Results in sulfation of glucuronic acid and iduronic acid residues.


negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


central nervous system formation

The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


CCACCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an unstable tRNA + 2 ATP + 4 CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CCACCA end + 6 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


berbamunine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + (R)-N-methylcoclaurine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = berbamunine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


mycothiol-dependent detoxification

The chemical reactions using mycothiol to convert an alkylating agent to an S-conjugate of mycothiol. The latter is cleaved to release mercapturic acid which is excreted from the cell.


2-aminobenzoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e- = NH3 + benzoyl-CoA.


ADP-ribosylserine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-seryl-[protein] + H2O = L-seryl-[protein] + ADP-ribose.


stress response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


dextranase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextran.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta-carotenol + O2 = (E,E)-7-hydroxy-6-methylhepta-3,5-dienal + 14'-apo-beta-carotenal.


negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


inositol-3-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate. This reaction requires NAD, which dehydrogenates the CHOH group to CO at C-5 of the glucose 6-phosphate, making C-6 into an active methylene, able to condense with the aldehyde at C-1. Finally, the enzyme-bound NADH reconverts C-5 into the CHOH form.


rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->2)-linked B-galacturonic acid residues of the rhamnogalacturonan I backbone.


ribonuclease P4 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 3'-extranucleotides from tRNA precursor.


dihydroxy-acid dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O.


positive regulation of macrophage proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage proliferation.


monoatomic cation:bicarbonate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monoatomic cation(out) + HCO3-(out) = monoatomic cation(in) + HCO3-(in).


leucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD(P)+.


cellular response to trehalose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.


17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone binding

Binding to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.


negative regulation of reverse cholesterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.


detection of inactivity

The series of events in which a inactivity stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.


CUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUC codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H+ + pyruvate = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2.


entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface that mediates/triggers viral entry by endocytosis/pinocytosis or by inducing fusion/penetration.


RNA polyadenylation at postsynapse

A polyadenylation event (the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule) that takes place at a postsynapse.


globose nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the globose nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


protoaphin-aglucone dehydratase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoaphin aglucone = H2O + xanthoaphin.


trans-geranyl-CoA isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-geranyl-CoA = cis-geranyl-CoA.


farnesol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


optic vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor F420-0 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-1 + phosphate.


fruit dehiscence

The process leading to the spontaneous opening of the fruit permitting the escape of seeds.


atrial septum intermedium development

The progression of the atrial septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene + NADPH + H+ = 1-chloro-4-hydroxylaminobenzene + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.


ABC-type D-ribose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-ribose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-ribose(in).


histone H3K18 decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone H3 position 18] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone H3] + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + ATP = N-adenylylanthranilate + diphosphate + H+.


box H/ACA snoRNP complex binding

Binding to a box H/ACA snoRNP complex.


fumarate reductase (menaquinone)

Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + a menaquinol = succinate + a menaquinone.


root radial pattern formation

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of the different tissues of the root around its radial axis.


(-)-menthol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + NADP+ = (2S,5R)-menthone + H+ + NADPH.


response to immobilization stress combined with electrical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus given while being held immobile.


dGTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H2O = dGMP + H+ + diphosphate.


Atg8 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG8, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


tRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing a 2'-O-nucleotide.


cephalosporin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


protein-DNA ISRE complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex, in which the complex is formed through interaction of the protein(s) with a interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the DNA.


regulation of action potential firing threshold

Any process that regulates the potential at which an axon potential is triggered.


modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


embryonic meristem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


protein-phycocyanobilin linkage via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine.


homophytochelatin synthase (dimmer forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alaninate <=> gamma-Glu-Cys-gamma-Glu-Cys-beta-Ala + glycine.


cellular component biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.


IRES-dependent translational initiation of circular RNA

The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate circular mRNA translation.


modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


molecular carrier activity

Directly binding to a specific ion or molecule and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + N(1)-acetylspermidine.


modulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uroporphyrinogen-III = coproporphyrinogen + 4 CO2.


3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + HBr.


spinal trigeminal nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


gluconate 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


heterocycle biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).


5'-(N(7)-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end (N2,N2,N7-trimethyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end diphospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + 2 H+ + N7-methyl-GMP. Can also use (N7-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA as a substrate.


cellular response to vanadate(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.


rhamnose binding

Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of rhamnose.


leukotriene A4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene A4.


metanephric cap development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cap from an initial condition to its mature state. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


monounsaturated fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monounsaturated fatty acid.


protein localization to actin cytoskeleton

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin cytoskeleton.


pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-glutamine = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + L-glutamate + 3 H2O + phosphate. The reaction occurs in two steps: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3, and subsequently D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NH3 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + 4 H2O + phosphate.


8-demethylnovobiocic acid C8-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 8-desmethylnovobiocic acid <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + novobiocic acid + H+.


host cell extracellular matrix binding

Binding to the extracellular matrix of a host cell.


D-series resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family D-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from docosahexaenoic acid.


cellular response to methylmercury

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.


protein localization to ascospore wall

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an ascospore wall.


response to brefeldin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


corrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.


D-lactate-2-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-O-sulfolactate + H2O = (R)-lactate + H+ + sulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + caffeoyl-CoA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + feruloyl-CoA.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.


carbon-halide lyase activity

Catalysis of the breakage of a bond between carbon and any halogen atom.


cellular response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CTP = CDP-glycerol + diphosphate.


response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


regulation of intestinal D-glucose absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal D-glucose absorption.


methionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.


erythromycin C 3''-o-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + erythromycin C <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + erythromycin A + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: [Molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly-AMP + [cysteine desulfurase]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine = AMP [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH(2)-C(O)SH + cysteine desulfurase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


response to spindle checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle checkpoint signaling.


positive regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


positive regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.


vitamin D2 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D2, (3S,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol.


cytosolic valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in the cytosol, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2Z,4Z,7-trienoate + H2O = 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dichloropropenoate + cis-2-Hydroxy-3-chloropenta-2,4-dienone + H+.


D-mannitol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mannitol + O2 = mannose + H2O2.


gibberellin-44 dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin 19 + succinate + CO2.


cerebellar stellate cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar stellate cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar stellate cell fate. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


chlorate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chlorate, ClO3-, from one side of a membrane to the other.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


endocytosed synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion

Fusion of an endocytosed synaptic vesicle with an endosome.


RNA decapping

Cleavage of the 5'-cap of an RNA.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards cell periphery

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle towards the cell periphery using host microtubules. Mostly used by viruses that replicate their genome near or in the nucleus to allows newly assembled viral progeny to reach the plasma membrane.


natural killer cell proliferation

The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine <=> cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside + coenzyme A.


allocryptopine 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allocryptopine + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 6-hydroxy-allocryptopine + NADP + H2O.


cell movement involved in somal translocation

The movement of a cell body from the ventricular zone to the pial surface with a concomitant shortening of the process that extends to the pial surface.


protein insertion into plasma membrane

The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a plasma membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


tropane alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.


diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpene phytoalexins, terpenoids with 20 carbons produced by plants in response to environmental stresses.


envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


inositol hexakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + anthranilate.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside.


acquisition of plant reproductive competence

The process in which a plant acquires the ability to respond to a floral inductive signal.


sodium-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


Catalysis of the reaction: Oplophorus luciferin + O2 = oxidized Oplophorus luciferin + CO2 + hnu.


establishment of ER localization

The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to a specific location.


stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the stomach epithelium.


siRNA 3'-end processing

The process of forming the mature 3' end of a siRNA molecule.


sporocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sporocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sporocarp is a spore bearing fruiting body organ. An example of this process is found in the Fungal species Coprinopsis cinerea.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:3-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-33 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


viral mRNA cap methylation

An innate immune response evasion mechanism in which a virus methylates the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of its mRNAs. Methylation allows evasion of the host innate immune response, which degrades cap0 (non-methylated) mRNAs.


regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol choline phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol + CDP-choline = plasmenylcholine + CMP.


urocanate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-imidazolone-5-propanoate + H+ = trans-urocanate + H2O.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors, nitrogenous group as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a nitrogenous group.


female pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


UDP-xylose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of UDP-xylose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi medial cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.


triose-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a triose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.


fatty acid in-chain hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ = fatty acid with in-chain hydroxy group + 2 NADP+ + H2O.


negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


positive regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


positive regulation of gastric emptying

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of any gastric emptying process, the process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


brassinosteroid binding

Binding to a brassinosteroid.


2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxydaidzein + NADPH + H+.


triokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + ATP = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: protocatechuate + O2 = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.


retinal isomerization

The reactions involved in isomerization of all trans to all cis retnal.


indole alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


modulation of the microfilament cytoskeleton involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The changes in the actin cytoskeleton that are necessary for the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


thermospermine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+ = S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine + spermidine.


peptidoglycan stem peptide endopeptidase activity

A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a stem peptide of peptidoglycan.


trochlear nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the trochlear nerve is generated and organized. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + D-glyceraldehyde + H2O = (R)-glycerate + AH2 + H+.


fumonisin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumonisin.


regulation of deacetylase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,3 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: demethylphylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = phylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of smooth muscle tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.


multicellular organism development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


positive regulation of thymine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


MutSbeta complex binding

Binding to a MutSbeta mismatch repair complex.


spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of spongiotrophoblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the spongiotrophoblast layer.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylylselenate + NADPH => adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + selenite + NADP+ + H+.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.


macrocin O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + macrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tylosin.


positive regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.


regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


post-embryonic limb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.


ribonucleotide excision repair

The pathway by which a ribonucleotide is removed from DNA and replaced by a deoxyribonucleotide. The ribonucleotide is incised by RNase H2, and further excised by an endonuclease. The resulting 1 nt gap is then repaired by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


cellular response to ceramide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ceramide stimulus.


farnesylcysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O <=> (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesal + L-cysteine + hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an auditory hair cell.


viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites by a viral terminase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + phthalate + H+.


fatty acid alpha-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + a 2,3,4-saturated fatty acid <=> a 2(R)-hydroperoxy fatty acid.


serotonergic neuron axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone of a serotonergic neuron to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


cycloeucalenol cycloisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cycloeucalenol = obtusifoliol.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule, dependent on the presence of 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


dCTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + H2O = dCMP + H+ + diphosphate.


sabinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = sabinene + diphosphate.


pyloric sphincter smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the narrowest part of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum.


osmolarity-sensing monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when a change in the osmolarity occurs in the extracellular space of the cell in which the cation channel resides.


male germ-line stem cell population maintenance

The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of male germ-line stem cells.


negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


auxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxins from one side of a membrane to the other. Auxins are plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


corneal epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of a corneal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


berberine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-canadine + 2 NADP+ = berberine + H+ + 2 NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoeugenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + isomethyleugenol.


cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = UDP + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).


alpha-keto ester reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto ester + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy ester. Alpha-keto esters are of the form R(1)-CO-CO-O-R(2), where the R groups may be aromatic or aliphatic.


chlorophyll catabolite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of chlorophyll catabolites such as non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), from one side of a membrane to the other.


tooth replacement

The process whose specific outcome is the replacement of an existing tooth with another tooth.


acceptance of pollen

The recognition and acceptance of pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes.


NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-C-terminal glycine + NAD+ = [protein]-C-terminal O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-glycine + nicotinamide.


negative regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ATP-dependent histone chaperone activity

Binding to and carrying a histone or a histone complex to unload or deposit it as a nucleosome, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


cell-substrate junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a cell-substrate junction into its constituent components.


enteric smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the intestine.


GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose = GDP-L-galactose.


propylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining.


synaptic vesicle uncoating

The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle following the pinching step at the end of budding from the presynaptic membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


phenyl propionate uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of phenyl propionate from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of dense core granule biogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.


alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


regulation of cytokinetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokinetic process.


gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + H+ + UDP.


protein O-glucuronidation

The modification of a protein by glucuronidation on an amino acid oxygen atom.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.


cellular response to mannitol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.


vestibulocochlear nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vestibulocochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


azobenzene reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + NADPH + H+.


atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


protein localization to lipid droplet

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location on or within a lipid droplet.


determination of muscle attachment site

The process that mediates the transfer of information from the cells of a muscle to those of its intended target, thereby identifying the target site.


proteasome localization

Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


rhythmic inhibition

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


glucose dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + D-glucose = a quinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


positive regulation of pro-T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5-diol = ergosterol + H2O.


interleukin-17A production

The appearance of interleukin-17A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


tubulin-tyrosine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + detyrosinated alpha-tubulin + L-tyrosine = alpha-tubulin + ADP + phosphate.


distal tip cell migration

The orderly movement of a distal tip cell.


negative regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


high mobility group box 1 receptor activity

Combining with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


regulation of cellular response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cellular response to osmotic stress.


pterocarpan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + medicarpin = 4'-methoxyisoflavan-2',4,7-triol.