endosome to plasma membrane protein transport

The directed movement of proteins from the endosome to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.


lipid import into cell

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The directed movement of a lipid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.


retrograde dendritic transport

The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in a dendrite from the postsynapse towards the cell body.


cytosine transport

The directed movement of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-ornithine transmembrane export from vacuole

The directed movement of L-ornithine out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.


spermine transport

The directed movement of spermine, N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to spermidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mitochondrial 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport

The process in which 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


xylitol transmembrane transport

The directed movement of a xylitol across a membrane. Xylitol is a polyalcohol (pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol), produced by hydrogenation of xylose.


maltoheptaose transport

The directed movement of a maltoheptaoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


microcin B17 transport

The directed movement of microcin B17, a bactericidal peptide (antibiotic) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


pentasaccharide transport

The directed movement of a pentasaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


gamma-aminobutyric acid import

The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a cell or organelle.


lysosome to ER cholesterol transport

The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, or cholesterol-containing compounds, from the lysosome to the endoplasmic reticulum.


polyamine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of a polyamine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


polyamine transmembrane transport

The process in which a polyamine macromolecule is transported across a membrane.


glucose import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of glucose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


dendritic transport

The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in dendrites.


thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion

The regulated release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.


auxin polar transport

The unidirectional movement of auxin in the stem from tip to base along the vector of gravity or basipetally.


basolateral protein secretion

The controlled release of proteins from a cell at the sides which interface adjacent cells and near the base.


terpenoid transport

The directed movement of terpenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Terpenoids are a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and include derivatives with various functional groups.


oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell as part of the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


The directed, sodium-independent, movement of thromboxanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A thromboxane is any of a class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.


intermembrane lipid transfer

The transport of lipids between membranes in which a lipid molecule is transported through an aqueous phase from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane. This process does not require metabolic energy and can be either spontaneous or mediated by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs).


MAPK phosphatase export from nucleus

The directed movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


nuclear migration along microtubule

The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.


leucine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of leucine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


protein targeting to lysosome involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy

The targeting of a protein to the lysosome process in which an input protein binds to a chaperone and subsequently to a lysosomal receptor.


mitochondrial L-ornithine transmembrane transport

The process in which L-ornithine is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


amino acid transmembrane export from vacuole

The directed movement of amino acids out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.


auxin export across the plasma membrane

The directed movement of auxins from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


miRNA transport

The directed movement of microRNA (miRNA) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


somato-dendritic dopamine secretion

The regulated release of dopamine from the somatodendritic compartment (cell body or dendrites) of a neuron.


syncytial nuclear migration

The directed movement of nuclei within the syncytial embryo of insects. These precise temporal and spatial patterns of nuclear movement are coordinated with mitotic divisons and are required during blastoderm formation to reposition dividing nuclei from the interior of the syncytial embryo to the cortex.


nicotinate transport

The directed movement of a nicotinateacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


vesicle targeting, cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the cis-Golgi to the rough ER.


retrograde synaptic vesicle transport

The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the presynapse to the cell body.


lipid transport involved in lipid storage

The directed movement of lipids into cells that is part of their accumulation and maintenance.


estrone secretion

The regulated release of estrone into the circulatory system.


protein transport to mating projection actin fusion focus

A process in which a protein is transported to a location within an actin fusion focus.


post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

The process in which a protein translocates through the ER membrane posttranslationally.


4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate transport

The directed movement of a 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


short-chain fatty acid transport

The directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


acyl carnitine transmembrane transport

The process in which acyl carnitine is transported across a membrane.


positive regulation of fever generation by prostaglandin secretion

Any prostaglandin secretion process that positively_regulates fever generation.


bilirubin transport

The directed movement of bilirubin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cytoskeleton-dependent cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte

The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements, such as microfilaments or microtubules, from a nurse cell to an oocyte.


clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell

Any clathrin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins by invagination of a specific region of the host cell plasma membrane around the bound virus to form a clathrin-coated pit, which then pinches off to form a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle containing the virus.


myo-inositol hexakisphosphate transport

The directed movement of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


transmembrane L-histidine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol

The directed movement of L-histidine from the lysosomal lumen across the lysosomal membrane and into the cytosol.


xylem-to-phloem iron transport

The directed movement of iron ions into the phloem from the xylem.


synaptic vesicle budding from endosome

Budding of synaptic vesicles during the formation of constitutive recycling vesicles from early endosomes.


long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


apocrine secretion

The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue by discharging a portion of the secreting cell when intracellular components are freed into a lumen through the shedding of whole pieces of the cytoplasm.


diaminopimelate transport

The directed movement of diaminopimelate, the anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


colicin transport

The directed movement of a colicin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.


auxin import into cell

The directed movement of auxins from outside of a cell into a cell.


L-glutamate import involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any L-glutamate import that is involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation.


xylotriose transport

The directed movement of a xylotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The directed movement of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


mitochondrial FAD transmembrane transport

The process in which FAD is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


proton export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of hydrogen ions (protons) from inside a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


presynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis

The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides and neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a membrane-bounced dense in response to increased presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels.


manganese ion export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of manganese ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


mitochondrial ATP transmembrane transport

The process in which ATP is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


formic acid secretion

The controlled release of formic acid, HCOOH, by a cell or a tissue.


snRNA import into nucleus

The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid into the nucleus.


lactoferrin transport

The directed movement of lactoferrin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


aluminum cation transport

The directed movement of aluminum (Al) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


neurotransmitter receptor transport to plasma membrane

The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.


L-valine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of L-valine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


(R)-carnitine transport

The directed movement of a (R)-carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


norepinephrine secretion

The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system.


inhibin secretion

The regulated release of an inhibin, either of two glycoproteins (designated A and B), secreted by the gonads and present in seminal plasma and follicular fluid, that inhibit pituitary production of follicle-stimulating hormone.


zinc ion import into secretory vesicle

The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a secretory vesicle.


D-ribose transmembrane transport

The process in which D-ribose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by Wnt protein secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway by the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.


synaptic vesicle transport along actin filament

The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along actin filaments within a cell, powered by molecular motors.


glycerate transmembrane transport

The process in which glycerate is transported across a membrane.


L-glutamate transmembrane import into vacuole

The directed movement of L-glutamate into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


cycloheximide transport

The directed movement of cycloheximide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


beta-glucoside transport

The directed movement of beta-glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Beta-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in a beta configuration.


B cell receptor transport within lipid bilayer

The directed movement of a B cell receptor within a lipid bilayer.


polyubiquitinated misfolded protein transport

The directed movement of misfolded polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.


The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce corticotropic hormone (CTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle.


basic amino acid transmembrane export from vacuole

The directed movement of basic amino acids out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.


proline import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of proline from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.


protein transport along microtubule to cell tip

The movement of a protein along a microtubule to the cell-tip, mediated by motor proteins.


iron import into the mitochondrion

The process in which iron is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


phloem glucosinolate loading

The process of loading glucosinolates into the sieve tube or companion cell of the phloem for long distance transport from source to sink.


ceramide 1-phosphate transport

The directed movement of a ceramide 1-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phosphoenolpyruvate transport

The directed movement of phosphoenolpyruvate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


malonic acid import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of malonic acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


aluminum ion transmembrane transport

The process in which an aluminium ion is transported across a membrane.


malic acid secretion

The controlled release of malic acid, hydroxybutanedioic (hydroxysuccinic) acid, by a cell or a tissue.


peptidoglycan transport

The directed movement of peptidoglycans, a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-arabinose transmembrane transport

The process in which L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabinose, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


sucrose import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of sucrose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


protein secretion by the type V secretion system

The process in which proteins mediate their own secretion across the outer membrane through a beta-barrel pore structure formed by the C-terminal domain of the protein precursor. Following passage across the outer membrane, the mature protein is released from the pore by an autocatalytic activity. Proteins secreted by the Type V system are first translocated across the plasma membrane by the Sec pathway.


polymyxin transport

The directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mitochondrial srRNA export from mitochondrion

The process in which a srRNA, small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol.


mitochondrial phosphate ion transmembrane transport

The process in which a phosphate ion is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


autoinducer AI-2 transmembrane transport

The process in which (2R,4S)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-2,3,3,4-tetrol (autoinducer AI-2) is transported across a membrane. AI-2 is produced by prokaryotes and is believed to play a role in quorum sensing.


nectar secretion

The controlled release of a nectar by a cell or a tissue. Nectar is a fluid secreted by many angiosperms to promote pollination by providing a reward to pollinators. Nectar may also deter certain organisms from visiting or play other biological roles. Nectar is a complex solution that may include the following types of compounds: sugars, amino acids, organic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, vitamins, phenolics, metal ions, oils, free fatty acids, and proteins.


pentose transmembrane transport

The process in which pentose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. A pentose is any aldose with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


The directed movement of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol, across a membrane.


transport across blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

The directed movement of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.


xanthosine transport

The directed movement of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


guanine transmembrane transport

The process in which guanine is transported across a membrane.


cellotriose transport

The directed movement of a cellotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by the movement of a signaling receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. Receptor internalization can have a positive or negative effect on a signaling pathway.


succinate import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of succinate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


copper ion import across prospore membrane

The directed movement of copper ions from outside of a cell, across an ascospore-type prospore membrane and into the cytosol.


glucose import in response to insulin stimulus

The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell as a result of an insulin stimulus.


plasma membrane acetate transport

The directed movement of acetate across a plasma membrane.


The process in which glycerol-3-phosphate is transported across a membrane. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


vesicle-mediated transport

A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.


carboxylic acid transmembrane transport

The process in which carboxylic acid is transported across a membrane.


L-aspartate transmembrane export from vacuole

The directed movement of L-aspartate out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.


lipid antigen transport

The directed movement of a lipid antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phytochelatin transport

The directed movement of a phytochelatin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by Wnt receptor internalization

Any process in which internalization of a Wnt receptor activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.


phytochelatin 3 import into vacuole

The directed movement of phytochelatin 3 (PC3) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 3 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=3, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.


gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake

The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


histamine secretion by basophil

The regulated release of histamine by a basophil or group of basophils.


nuclear migration to the embryo sac center

Migration of one of the four nuclei at each pole of the eight-nucleate embryo sac, to the center of the cell.


postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization

A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the internalization of a neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic membrane endocytic zone into an endocytic vesicle.


pyridoxamine transmembrane transport

The process in which pyridoxamine is transported across a membrane.


zinc ion import into organelle

The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into the organelle.


ecdysteroid secretion

The regulated release of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.


mitochondrial malonate(1-) transmembrane transport

The process in which malonate(1-) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


Golgi calcium ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a Golgi membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


neuropeptide secretion from presynapse

The secretion of neuropeptides contained within a dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the presynaptic membrane, stimulated by a rise in cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


malonic acid transmembrane transport

The directed movement of malonic acid across a membrane.


export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of some substance from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


FAD transmembrane transport

The process in which flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is transported across a membrane. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.


shikimate transmembrane transport

The process in which shikimate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface

A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of an apoptotic cell, which acts as an 'eat-me' signal for engulfing cells. Phosphatidylserine is exposed on the apoptotic cell surface by a phospholipid scramblase activity.


renal glucose absorption

A renal system process in which glucose is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


nicotinamide mononucleotide transmembrane transport

The process in which nicotinamide mononucleotide is transported across a membrane. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.


endocytosed protein transport to vacuole

The directed movement of proteins imported into a cell by endocytosis to the vacuole.


protein secretion by the type VII secretion system

The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type VII protein secretion system.


benzoate transport

The directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-serine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of L-serine into a cell.


cytidine transport

The directed movement of cytidine, cytosine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


S-adenosyl-L-methionine transport

The directed movement of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-alanine import across plasma membrane

The directed import of L-alanine from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


Wnt protein secretion

The controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.


lithium ion transmembrane transport

The directed movement of lithium ions across a membrane.


intermembrane sphingolipid transfer

The transport of sphingolipids between membranes in which a sphingolipid molecule is transported through an aqueous phase from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane. This process does not require metabolic energy and can be either spontaneous or mediated by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs).


nickel cation transmembrane transport

The directed movement of nickel (Ni) cations across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


pollen hydration

The process in which water is taken up by pollen.


vitamin A transport

The directed movement any form of vitamin A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Vitamin A is any of several retinoid derivatives of beta-carotene, primarily retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid.


phytochelatin 2 import into vacuole

The directed movement of phytochelatin 2 (PC2) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 2 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=2, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.


vesicle-mediated transport between endosomal compartments

A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles between endosomal compartments, e.g, between early endosome and sorting endosome.


glycine secretion

The controlled release of glycine by a cell.


negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway by insulin receptor internalization

Any process in which internalization of an insulin receptor stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signal transduction. Internalization of insulin in association with its receptor clears insulin from the circulation and is necessary for subsequent insulin dissociation from the receptor and insulin degradation.


UDP-glucose transmembrane transport

The process in which UDP-glucose is transported across a membrane.


molybdate ion transport

The directed movement of molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Molybdate is the bivalent anion derived from molybdic acid.


iron import into cell

The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.


aldarate transmembrane transport

The process in which aldarate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of L-glutamine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


mating pheromone secretion

The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that contributes to a process of sexual reproduction.


tyrosine transport

The directed movement of tyrosine, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


asynchronous neurotransmitter secretion

Release of neurotransmitter at the synapse that persists for tens to hundreds of milliseconds after action potential invasion.


calcium export from the mitochondrion

A process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported out of the mitochondrial matrix, and into the cytosol.


L-methionine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of L-methionine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


histamine secretion by platelet

The regulated release of histamine by a platelet or group of platelets.


cytosol to ERGIC protein transport

The directed movement of proteins from the cystosol to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC).


tRNA re-export from nucleus

The directed movement from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a tRNA that was previously exported to the cytoplasm and then imported back into the nucleus. The processes of primary tRNA export and secondary export (re-export) can be distinguished because in organisms in which tRNA splicing occurs in the cytoplasm, the export of a mature tRNA must occur by re-export.


rhamnose transmembrane transport

The process in which rhamnose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


lipid hydroperoxide transport

The directed movement of a lipid hydroperoxide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


organic substance transport

The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon.


GDP-mannose transmembrane transport

The process in which GDP-mannose is transported across a membrane.


acetylcholine secretion

The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell.


slow axonal transport

The directed slow movement of non-membranous molecules in nerve cell axons. It is comprised of a Slow Component a (SCa) and a Slow Component b (SCb) which differ in transport rates and protein composition.


mitochondrion migration along actin filament

The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microfilament, mediated by motor proteins.


galactarate transmembrane transport

The process in which galactaric acid anion (galactarate) is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transport

The process in which thiamine pyrophosphate is transported across a membrane.


GTP synthesis coupled proton transport

The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers GTP synthesis.


extracellular transport

The transport of substances that occurs outside cells.


micropinocytosis

An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by invagination of the plasma membrane to form uncoated micropinosomes, differentiated from macropinosomes by their smaller size, on average 95 nm.


neurotransmitter receptor transport to postsynaptic membrane

The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.


intestinal hexose absorption

Uptake of hexoses, notably D-glucose, fructose, and galactose, into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.


salicin transport

The directed movement of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-histidine transmembrane import into vacuole

The directed movement of L-histidine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


nucleotide-sulfate transport

The directed movement of nucleotide sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization

Any process in which internalization of a signaling receptor stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. Receptor internalization can attenuate or reduce the strength of signaling by reducing the concentration of cell surface receptors available to ligands.


calcium ion import into vacuole

The directed movement of calcium cations into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


copper ion transport across blood-brain barrier

The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions passing through the blood-brain barrier.


raffinose transport

The directed movement of raffinose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Raffinose occurs in plants almost as commonly as sucrose and is present in cereal grains, cotton seeds, and many legumes. It is synthesized from sucrose by transfer of a galactopyranoside from myo-inositol.


synaptic vesicle endosomal processing

The process in which synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic endosome followed by sorting of synaptic vesicle components and budding of new synaptic vesicles.


histamine secretion mediated by IgE immunoglobulin

Histamine release triggered by the binding of an antigen to an IgE immunoglobulin bound to the cell surface. An example is mast cell histamine degranulation as a result of exposure of mast cell-bound IgE to alder tree pollen.


anterograde dendritic transport

The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the postsynapse in dendrites.


galactose transmembrane transport

The process in which galactose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


FAD transport

The directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.


carbon dioxide transmembrane transport

The process in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported across a membrane.


abscisic acid transport

The directed movement of abscisic acid into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.


dynein-driven meiotic oscillatory nuclear movement

Oscillatory movement of the nucleus involved in meiosis I. This oscillatory movement is led by an astral microtubule array emanating from the spindle pole body, and driven by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein.


malate import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of malate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


release of sequestered calcium ion into presynaptic cytosol

The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the presynaptic cytosol.


polyubiquitinated protein transport

The directed movement of polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.


chromate transport

The directed movement of chromate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transport

The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


L-arginine transmembrane transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol

The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane from lysosomal lumen to cytosol.


phytochelatin import into vacuole

The directed movement of phytochelatins into the vacuole. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.


caveolin-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell

Any caveolin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae - specialized lipid rafts that form 50-70 nm flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane - which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers containing the virus.


fructose export from vacuole to cytoplasm

The directed movement of fructose from vacuole to cytoplasm.


xanthine transport

The directed movement of xanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.


calcium ion regulated lysosome exocytosis

The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a lysosome by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, induced by a rise in cytosolic calcium-ion levels.


L-lysine transmembrane export from vacuole

The directed movement of L-lysine out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.


cysteine export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of cysteine from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


ferric-enterobactin import into cell

A process in which ferric-enterobactin, the iron-bound form of the siderophore enterobactin, is transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors.


N-acetylgalactosamine transport

The directed movement of N-acetylgalactosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.


zinc ion import into synaptic vesicle

The directed movement of Zn2+ ions from the cytoplasm into the lumen of a cytoplasmic vesicle.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway by B cell receptor internalization

The movement of a B cell receptor (BCR) from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell, which results in positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling. For example, internalized BCR signals to recruit TLR9 from multiple small endosomes to large autophagosome-like compartments to enhance TLR9 signaling.


nuclear axial expansion

The stepwise asymmetric spreading out of nuclei internally along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing insect embryo during mitotic cycles 4 to 6. This movement leads to the distribution of nuclei in a hollow ellipsoid underlying the cortex.


isopropylmalate transport

The directed movement of isopropylmalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


amino acid import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of an amino acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


chlorate transport

The directed movement of chlorate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


intermembrane sterol transfer

The transport of sterols between membranes in which a sterol molecule is transported through an aqueous phase from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane. This process does not require metabolic energy and can be either spontaneous or mediated by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs).


intracellular nucleoside transport

The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), within a cell.


maltopentaose transport

The directed movement of a maltopentaoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


5-formyltetrahydrofolate transport

The directed movement of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, into, out of, within, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


thromboxane transport

The directed movement of thromboxanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A thromboxane is any of a class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.


B cell receptor transport into membrane raft

The directed movement of a B cell receptor into a membrane raft.


cyanate transport

The directed movement of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.


aminophospholipid transport

The directed movement of aminophospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.


DNA transport

The directed movement of RNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sodium-dependent organic cation transport

The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


estrogen secretion

The regulated release of estrogen into the circulatory system. Estrogen is a steroid hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics in mammals.


presynaptic endocytosis

A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the presynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.


GDP-fucose import into endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


folate import into mitochondrion

The process in which folic acid is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion

The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of gastrin with its receptor.


L-glutamate import into mitochondrion

The process in which L-glutamate is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


mucociliary clearance

The respiratory system process driven by motile cilia on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract by which mucus and associated inhaled particles and pathogens trapped within it are moved out of the airways.


amylase secretion

The controlled release of amylase from a cell.


pyrimidine nucleotide import into mitochondrion

The process in which a pyrimidine nucleotide is transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane, into the mitochondrial matrix.


mitochondrial coenzyme A transmembrane transport

The process in which coenzyme A is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


antifungal peptide secretion

The regulated release of an antifungal peptide from a cell or a tissue.


nitrite transport

The directed movement of nitrite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


xenobiotic export from cell

The directed movement of a xenobiotic from a cell, into the extracellular region. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transport

The process in which pyrimidine is transported across a membrane.


glutathione import into mitochondrion

The process in which glutathione is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


The process in which 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


plasma membrane pyruvate transport

The directed movement of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, across a plasma membrane.


dipeptide import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of a dipeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


hypoxanthine transport

The directed movement of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxypurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phosphoenolpyruvate transmembrane import into Golgi lumen

The directed movement of phosphoenolpyruvate into the Golgi lumen across the Golgi membrane.


glutathione import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of glutathione from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


molybdate ion export from vacuole

The directed movement of molybdate ions out of the vacuole.


transmembrane L-cystine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol

The directed movement of L-cystine from the lysosomal lumen across the lysosomal membrane and into the cytosol.


clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading

Formation of a macromolecular complex between the cytoplasmic coat proteins on clathrin-coated vesicles and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a vesicle.


iron ion import across cell outer membrane

The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell, across the cell outer membrane and into the periplasmic space.


hexuronate transmembrane transport

The process in which hexuronate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.


iron ion export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


protein transport by the Sec complex

The process in which unfolded proteins are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Sec complex, in a process involving proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide.


inosine transport

The directed movement of the purine ribonucleoside inosine, also known as hypoxanthine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sulfate import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of sulfate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


transmembrane phosphate ion transport from cytosol to vacuole

The directed movement of phosphate ions from the cytosol across the vacuolar membrane and into the vacuolar lumen.


glycolate transmembrane transport

The process in which glycolate is transported across a membrane. Glycolate is the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).


The regulated release of catecholamine by a cell in which the catecholamine acts as a neurotransmitter.


short-chain fatty acid transmembrane transport

The directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into a cell or organelle. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


L-isoleucine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of L-isoleucine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


oligopeptide import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of an oligopeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


tyramine secretion, neurotransmission

The regulated release of a tyramine by a cell in which the tyramine acts as a neurotransmitter.


antigen transcytosis by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

The process of antigen transcytosis carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Transcytosis is the process of the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. M cells are specialized epithelia cells with a microfold structure that are adept at moving antigens from the gut lumen to antigen presenting cells in the MALT.


zinc export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of zinc ions from a cell, into the extracellular region.


estradiol secretion

The regulated release of estradiol into the circulatory system.


sphingolipid translocation

The movement of a sphingolipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


bacteriocin transport

The directed movement of a bacteriocin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Bacteriocins are a group of antibiotics produced by bacteria and are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. Bacteriocins are toxic to bacteria closely related to the bacteriocin producing strain.


lithium ion transport

The directed movement of lithium ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


urea import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of urea from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


allantoin transport

The directed movement of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Fc receptor-mediated immune complex endocytosis

An endocytosis process mediated by the Fc receptor for the purpose of delivery of antigen-bound immunoglobulin to an intracellular compartment where the antigen can be processed and loaded onto MHC molecules. This process selectively targets antigens for presentation by MHC class II or cross-presentation by MHC class I.


aldonate transmembrane transport

The process in which aldonate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


apolipoprotein E recycling

The process in which chylomicron remnant-associated apolipoprotein E is internalized by endocytosis, localized to recycling endosomes and then secreted in association with a high-density lipoprotein particle.


neuronal dense core vesicle exocytosis

The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a neuronal dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of a neuron in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.


lactic acid secretion

The controlled release of lactic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, by a cell or a tissue.


3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport

The process in which 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a membrane.


vacuolar amino acid transmembrane transport

The process in which an amino acid is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other.


epinephrine secretion

The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter, released by certain neurons and active in the central nervous system.


myo-inositol import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of myo-inositol from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


axonal dopamine secretion

The regulated release of dopamine from an axon.


anterograde axonal transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex

The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.


reductive iron assimilation

A process in which iron is solubilized by reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ via a cell surface reductase and subsequent transport of the iron across the membrane by iron uptake proteins.


cysteine transport

The directed movement of cysteine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


substance P secretion

The regulated release of substance P, a peptide hormone that is involved in neurotransmission, inflammation, and antimicrobial activity.


primary amine secretion, neurotransmission

The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell, in which the primary amine acts as a neurotransmitter.


dense core granule transport

The directed movement a dense core granule within a cell.


pancreatic trypsinogen secretion

The regulated release of trypsinogen from the cells of the exocrine pancreas.


dopamine secretion, neurotransmission

The regulated release of dopamine by a cell in which the dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter.


hexuronide transmembrane transport

The directed movement of hexuronide across a membrane. Hexuronides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of a hexuronate.


arabinan transmembrane transport

The process in which arabinan is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


ammonium import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of an ammonium ion from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


dipeptide transport

The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The directed movement of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The directed, sodium-independent, movement of leukotrienes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Leukotrienes are linear C20 endogenous metabolites of arachidonic acid (icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid) containing a terminal carboxy function and four or more double bonds (three or more of which are conjugated) as well as other functional groups.


primary amine secretion

The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell.


group A colicin transport

The directed movement of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


carbohydrate export

The directed movement of carbohydrates out of a cell or organelle.


3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate transport

The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


pyridoxal transport

The directed movement of pyridoxal into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


octopamine secretion, neurotransmission

The controlled release of octopamine by a cell, in which the octopamine acts as a neurotransmitter.


mitochondrial sulfate transmembrane transport

The process in which sulfate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


5-aminolevulinic acid import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of 5-aminolevulinic acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


magnesium ion export from mitochondrion

The directed movement of magnesium ions out of mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


embryo sac nuclear migration

The directed movement of an embryo sac nucleus to the pole or center of the cell.


trisaccharide transport

The directed movement of a trisaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte

The directed movement of cytoplasmic constituents synthesized in the nurse cells to the oocyte.


maltose import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of maltose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


protein transport by the Tat complex

The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.


L-tryptophan transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-tryptophan across a membrane.


ferric triacetylfusarinine C import into cell

The directed movement of ferric triacetylfusarinine C into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


glucoside transport

The directed movement of glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.


nucleoside import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of nucleoside from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


allose transmembrane transport

The process in which allose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


plasma membrane copper ion transport

The directed movement of copper ions across the plasma membrane.


alpha-glucoside transport

The directed movement of alpha-glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.


glutamate transmembrane import into vacuole

The directed movement of glutamate into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


antibacterial peptide secretion

The regulated release of an antibacterial peptide from a cell or a tissue.


serine import into mitochondrion

The process in which serine is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


iron-sulfur cluster export from the mitochondrion

The directed movement of iron sulfur clusters from inside the mitochondrion into the cytosol by crossing the inner mitochondrial membrane.


asparagine transmembrane transport

The directed movement of asparagine across a membrane.


protein transport across the cell outer membrane

The directed movement of proteins across the cell outer membrane.


serotonin secretion, neurotransmission

The regulated release of serotonin by a cell, in which released serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter.


The directed, sodium-independent, movement of prostaglandins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


synaptic vesicle recycling via endosome

Synaptic vesicle recycling where vesicles endocytosed via clathrin-coated pits re-acidify and refill with neurotransmitters after passing through an endosomal intermediate.


maltotriulose transport

The directed movement of a maltotriuloseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


galactitol transmembrane transport

The directed movement of galactitol across a membrane. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


maltotriose transport

The directed movement of a maltotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose import into Golgi lumen

The directed movement of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus of a cell.


mitochondrial NAD transmembrane transport

The process in which NAD is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


signal release from synapse

Any signal release from a synapse.


GDP-fucose import into Golgi lumen

The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the Golgi lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


fluoride export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of fluoride ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


L-lysine import into vacuole involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation

A L-lysine import into the vacuole that is involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation.


basipetal auxin transport

The unidirectional movement of auxin from the apex to base of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.


inter-Golgi cisterna vesicle-mediated transport

The directed movement of substances from one Golgi cisterna to another, mediated by small transport vesicles.


phosphatidylserine exposure on blood platelet

A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the surface of activated blood platelets, and triggers the clotting system.


orexin secretion

The controlled release of orexin from a cell or a tissue.


prostaglandin receptor internalization

The process that results in the uptake of a prostaglandin receptor into an endocytic vesicle.


uracil import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of uracil from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


peptide pheromone export by transmembrane transport

The directed movement of a peptide pheromone across a membrane and out of a cell.


mating pheromone secretion involved in regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that regulates the union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.


lysophospholipid transport

The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.


nuclear envelope budding

The process by which large macromolecular complexes are budded through the inner nuclear membrane, into the perinuclear space, thus acquiring a membrane envelope. The enveloped particle fuses with the outer nuclear membrane and is released into the cytoplasm.


testosterone secretion

The regulated release of testosterone into the circulatory system. Testosterone is an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5.


dentin extracellular matrix secretion

The regulated release by odontoblasts of the extracellular matrix constituents, including collagen, that form the basis of dentin.


retinol transport

The directed movement of retinol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


polarized secretion of basement membrane proteins in epithelium

The basement membrane constituent secretion in which there is a restriction or targeting of basement membrane proteins for controlled release on the basal side of polarized epithelium.


pyridoxal phosphate transport

The directed movement of pyridoxal phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; pyridoxal phosphate is pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, and is the active form of vitamin B6.


monoatomic ion transport

The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


peptide pheromone export

The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones.


mitochondrial potassium ion transmembrane transport

The process in which a potassium ion is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


arbutin transport

The directed movement of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


peptide pheromone secretion

The regulated release of a peptide pheromone from a cell.


malate transmembrane transport

A process in which a malate ion is transported across a membrane.


laminaritriose transport

The directed movement of a laminaritrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


lysophospholipid translocation

The movement of a lysophospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


carbohydrate import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of a carbohydrate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


cargo loading involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis

Formation of a macromolecular complex during clathrin-dependent endocytosis that connects the assembling clathrin coat to the proteins and/or lipoproteins to be transported in an endocytic vesicle. This complex includes a receptor and an adaptor protein that links the receptor to the clathrin coat.


mitochondrial ADP transmembrane transport

The process in which ADP is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


secretion by the type IV secretion system

The controlled release of proteins or DNA by a cell, via the type IV secretion system.


histamine-induced gastric acid secretion

The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of histamine with H2 type receptor receptors with subsequent activation of adenylate cyclase and elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP.


pyridoxal import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of pyridoxal from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


cellular response to micafungin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a micafungin stimulus.


response to micafungin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a micafungin stimulus.


acinar prostate mucinous adenocarcinoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A usually aggressive morphologic variant of acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland characterized by the presence of lakes of extracellular mucin. This diagnosis applies when at least 25% of the resected tumor contains extracellular mucin.


negative regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein O-linked glycosylation.


apical dendrite development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an apical dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.


negative regulation of sprouting of injured axon

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.


negative regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.


negative regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.


negative regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.


positive regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of growth cone in injured axon.


positive regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.


negative regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.


negative regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of growth cone in injured axon.


regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.


positive regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon extension involved in regeneration.


positive regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.


positive regulation of sprouting of injured axon

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of sprouting of an injured axon.


malignant struma ovarii

An ovarian mature teratoma characterized by the presence of aberrant thyroid tissue with morphologic changes identical to thyroid carcinoma. Patients may present with abdominal mass and unusual symptoms due to thyrotoxicosis, or with Meigs syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion).


teratoma with malignant transformation

A teratoma which is characterized by morphologic transformation to malignancy and an aggressive clinical course. The malignant component most often is sarcomatous or carcinomatous.


CAMOS syndrome

CAMOS syndrome is characterised by the association of a non-progressive congenital ataxia, severe intellectual deficit, optic atrophy and structural anomalies of the skin vessels. It has been described in five children from a large consanguineous Lebanese family. Short stature and microcephaly were also reported. Transmission is autosomal recessive.


Increased proportion of exhausted T cells

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

An abnormally elevated proportion of exhausted T cells (Tex) among circulating T cells. T cell exhaustion is a distinct differentiation state that can be distinguished from naive, effector, and memory T cells. Compared to effector (TE) and memory (TMEM) T cells, exhausted T cells (TEX) display impaired effector functions (e.g., rapid production of effector cytokines, cytotoxicity). TEX have limited proliferative potential, especially compared to some subsets of TMEM and naive T cells.


regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.


negative regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


positive regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.


positive regulation of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


regulation of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue.


negative regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.


positive regulation of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue.


negative regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


regulation of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


sebaceous basal cell carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that is characterized by sebaceous differentiation.


negative regulation of translational fidelity

Any process that decreases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.


skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition].


Internal Calcanean Artery

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

One of many blood vessels arising from the posterior tibial artery supplying the fat and integument of the heel and Achilles tendon as well as the muscles on the inner side of the sole.


marginal zone of spleen

The zone between the red and white pulp of the spleen containing numerous macrophages and lymphocytes, and a rich plexus of sinusoids supplied by white pulp arterioles carrying blood-borne antigens.


Mitral valve arcade

Anomalous mitral valve arcade is diagnosed based on the following features (1) An adequately sized mitral valve orifice; (2) short, thick, and poorly differentiated chordae with direct union of the papillary muscles to the anterior leaflet; (3) narrow or nearly nonexistent spaces between the abnormal chordae; and (4) greater differentiation of the chordae attached to the posterior papillary muscle.


Mitral valve leaflet calcification

Deposition of calcium salts in the leaflets (cusps) of the mitral valve.


Cleft anterior mitral valve leaflet

Cleft in the anterior mitral valve leaflet not associated with an atrioventricular canal defect.


Supramitral ring

A congenital stenotic mitral valvular anomaly with a ring of tissue above the mitral valve.


Mitral annular calcification

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) results from progressive calcium deposition along and beneath the mitral valve annulus.


Mitral chordae tendinae rupture

Breakage of the chordae tendinae of the mitral valve. This can lead to loss of tension of one of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral regurgitation.


Short chordae tendineae of the mitral valve

Abnormally short chordae tendineae of the mitral valve.


mitral atresia disorder

A congenital heart defect characterized by the complete atresia of the mitral valve.


Abnormal mitral valve annulus morphology

Any structural anomaly of the annulus of the mitral valve. The annulus is a ring composed of fibrous and myocardial tissue and is the structure onto which the cusps of the valve attach.


Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration

Myxomatous mitral valve is defined as the presence of excess leaflet tissue and leaflet thickening greater than 5 mm, resulting in a prolapse greater than 2 mm into the left atrium on parasternal long axis view.


congenital mitral stenosis

Congenital mitral stenosis is a congenital heart malformation comprising a spectrum of morphologically heterogeneous developmental anomalies that result in functional and anatomic obstruction of inflow into the left ventricle. The structure of the mitral valve is affected at the level of the supravalvular ring, annulus, leaflets or subvalvar copmponents and include supra-valvular ring, leaflet fusion (intra-leaflet ring), mitral parachute deformity and papillary muscle abnormalities. It may be isolated or associated with other heart malformations. The clinical presentation depends on the degree of obstruction, the presence of regurgitation, the presence and severity of associated pulmonary hypertension, and the presence of associated heart malformations. It may present with symptoms and signs of low cardiac output and right ventricular failure such as pulmonary infections, failure to thrive, exertional dyspnoea, cough, cyanosis and congestive heart failure.


Abnormal mitral valve leaflet morphology

Any structural anomaly of the leaflets (also known as cusps) of the mitral valve.


Mitral valve calcification

Abnormal calcification of the mitral valve.


Abnormal morphology of the chordae tendinae of the mitral valve

A structural anomaly of the chordae tendinae of the mitral valve, whose main function is to transmit the contraction and relaxation of the papillary muscles during the cardiac cycle, thus ensuring the closing of the leaflets of the mitral valve.


Parachute mitral valve

Abnormality of the mitral valve apparatus, whereby chordae attach to a single papillary muscle or hypoplastic papillary muscles.


Dilatation of the mitral annulus

An increase in the diameter of the ring (annulus) of the mitral valve.


mitral valve stenosis

Narrowing of the left atrioventricular mitral orifice.


Abnormal mitral valve morphology

Any structural anomaly of the mitral valve.


double-orifice mitral valve

The left atrio-ventricular connection consists of two anatomically distinct orifices separated by accessory fibrous tissue.


mitral valve prolapse

A fairly common and often benign valvular heart disorder characterized by redundancy or hooding of mitral valve leaflets so that they prolapse into the left atrium, often causing mitral regurgitation. It is often a symptomless condition but may be marked by varied symptoms (e.g. chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, dyspnea, or palpitations) leading in some cases to endocarditis or ventricular tachycardia.


Elongated chordae tendinae of the mitral valve

Abnormal increased in length of the chordae tendinae of the mitral valve.


proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 3

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 [Automatically generated definition].


carpel structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the carpel. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


stamen structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the stamen. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


plant ovule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ovule are generated and organized. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.


stamen morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the stamen are generated and organized.


anther morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther are generated and organized.


petal morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the petal are generated and organized.


floral whorl morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the floral whorl are generated and organized.


sepal morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the sepal are generated and organized.


floral organ morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the floral organ are generated and organized.


sepal structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the sepal. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


carpel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the carpel are generated and organized.


flower morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the flower are generated and organized.


The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can produce an undefined number of floral meristems.


petal structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the petal. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


fruit morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a fruit are generated and organized. A fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.


determinate inflorescence morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can only produce a predetermined number of floral meristems.


seed morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the seed are generated and organized.


inflorescence morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of inflorescences are generated and organized. An inflorescence is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground and that can bear flowers.


floral organ structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of floral organs. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


anther wall tapetum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther wall tapetum are generated and organized. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


cotyledon morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the cotyledon are generated and organized. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.


testicular seminoma

A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis. It is believed that it is derived from the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. Treatment with radiotherapy is highly successful when the tumor is diagnosed in localized stages, which represents the majority of presentations of seminoma.


tubular variant testicular seminoma

A morphologic variant of testicular seminoma characterized by the presence of seminoma cells arranged in tubular patterns and few lymphocytes.


pseudoglandular variant testicular seminoma

A morphologic variant of testicular seminoma characterized by the presence of seminoma cells arranged in pseudoglandular patterns and few lymphocytes.


spermatocytic seminoma

A rare variant of seminoma characterized by the presence of three cell types: round cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, small cells with dark nucleus and a small amount of cytoplasm, and mono-or multinucleated giant cells. The neoplastic cells are not cohesive. There is an edematous stroma present; lymphocytic infiltrates are rarely seen. Most patients are older males.


cribriform variant testicular seminoma

A morphologic variant of testicular seminoma characterized by the presence of seminoma cells arranged in cribriform patterns and few lymphocytes.


ventral aorta development

The progression of the ventral aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


mesonephric glomerulus vasculature development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the mesonephric glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus.


Patchy sclerosis of the middle phalanx of the 4th finger

Uneven (irregular) increase in bone density of the middle phalanx of the fourth finger.


Sclerosis of the middle phalanx of the 4th finger


sparse hair-short stature-skin anomalies syndrome

Sparse hair-short stature-skin anomalies syndrome combines short stature, sparse hair, skin hyperpigmentation and urticaria-like reactions on the hands and arms. An upper central incisor, hypoplastic thumbs and/or palmoplantar hyperkeratosis may also be present. It is thought to be a rare form of ectodermal dysplasia and has been described at least once in a mother and her three sons. Transmission is autosomal dominant, or X-linked.


Oral Cavity Fistula

An abnormal communication between the oral cavity and the adjacent tissues.


Orocutaneous fistula

An abnormal communication between the skin and the oral cavity.


nitrogenase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 8 reduced ferredoxin + 8 H+ + N2 + 16 ATP + 16 H2O = 8 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 NH3 + 16 ADP + 16 phosphate.


ethyl acetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethyl acetate.


ethyl acetate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethyl acetate.


Myeloblasts 20 Percent or More of Peripheral Blood White Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that at least 20 percent of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells of myeloid origin.


Blasts 10 Percent or More of Peripheral Blood White Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that 10 percent or more of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells.


Blasts 20 Percent or More of Peripheral Blood White Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that 20 percent or more of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells.


Blasts 60 Percent or More of Peripheral Blood White Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that 60 percent or more of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells.


Blasts More than 60 Percent of Peripheral Blood White Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that more than 60 percent of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells.


Blasts More than 20 Percent of Peripheral Blood White Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that more than 20 percent of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells.


Blasts 20-30 Percent of Peripheral Blood White Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that between 20 and 30 percent of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells.


Lymphoblasts 20 Percent or More of Peripheral Blood White Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that 20 percent or more of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells of lymphoid origin.


Blasts More than 10 Percent of Peripheral Blood White Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that more than 10 percent of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells.


Myeloblasts 10 Percent or More of Peripheral Blood White Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that at least 10 percent of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells of myeloid origin.


Segmental peripheral demyelination

A loss of myelin from the internode regions along myelinated nerve fibers from segments of the peripheral nervous system.


Patchy demyelination of subcortical white matter

Patchy loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system.


Symmetrical progressive peripheral demyelination

A symmetric and progressive loss of myelin from the internode regions along myelinated nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system.


Diffuse demyelination of the cerebral white matter

A diffuse loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system.


A segmental pattern of demyelination and regeneration (remyelination) affecting peripheral nerves.


Symmetric peripheral demyelination

A symmetric loss of myelin from the internode regions along myelinated nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system.


Asymmetric peripheral demyelination

Loss of myelin from peripheral nerves in a pattern that differs between right and left.


Spinal cord posterior columns myelin loss


Cerebral hypomyelination

Reduced amount of myelin in the nervous system resulting from defective myelinogenesis in the white matter of the central nervous system.


Decreased dendritic spine number

An abnormal reduction in the amount of spines on a given dendrite.


Abnormal neuron branching

Abnormality of the structure and branching of the dendrites of a neuron.


CNS demyelination

A loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system.


Diffuse peripheral demyelination

A diffuse loss of myelin from the internode regions along myelinated nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system.


Severe demyelination of the white matter

A severe loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system.


Peripheral demyelination

A loss of myelin from the internode regions along myelinated nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system.


Sensory axonal neuropathy

An axonal neuropathy of peripheral sensory nerves.


anaerobic acetylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, a colorless, volatile, explosive gas, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


acetylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, formula CH2CH2, the simplest of the alkynes.


fungal-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a fungal-type cell wall. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.


ascospore wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of an ascospore wall.


Stage II Urethral Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor invades any of the following: corpus spongiosum, prostate, periurethral muscle.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Urethral Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of urethral cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage I Urethral Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage 0 Urethral Cancer AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: 0a (Ta, N0, M0); 0is (Tis, N0, M0); (Tis pu, N0, M0); (Tis pd, N0, M0).  Ta: Noninvasive papillary, polypoid, or verrucous carcinoma.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  Tis pu: Carcinoma in situ, involvement of the prostatic urethra.  Tis pd: Carcinoma in situ, involvement of the prostatic ducts.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


carcinoma in situ of urethra

A in situ carcinoma that involves the urethra.


Stage IV Urethral Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0), (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades other adjacent organs.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node more than 2 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage 0a Urethral Cancer AJCC v7

Stage 0a includes: Ta, N0, M0.  Ta: Noninvasive papillary, polypoid, or verrucous carcinoma.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Urethral Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0), (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.  T2: Tumor invades any of the following: corpus spongiosum, prostate, periurethral muscle.  T3: Tumor invades any of the following: corpus cavernosum, beyond prostatic capsule, anterior vagina, bladder neck.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Gallbladder Undifferentiated Carcinoma, Spindle and Giant Cell Type

An undifferentiated carcinoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle and giant malignant cells, including osteoclast-like giant cells.


protein-tRNA adaptor activity

The binding activity of a protein that brings together another protein and a tRNA, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


protein-RNA adaptor activity

The binding activity of a protein that brings together another protein and an RNA, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


A rare primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by congenital hypotrichosis associated with rhizomelic short stature (more pronounced in upper limbs than lower limbs), limited hip abduction and mild genu varum. Flared and irregular metaphyses, delayed and irregular epiphiseal ossification and pear-shaped vertebral bodies are characteristic radiologic findings.