endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network

A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of flattened, disc-shaped domains known as cisternae. These are typically found close to the nucleus and are generally more prominent in secretory cells.


host cell junction

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two host cells or between a host cell and the host extracellular matrix. At a host cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the host plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.


mossy fiber rosette

A synapse of a mossy fiber onto the dendrite of a granule cell; each mossy fiber can have up to 50 rosettes.


host cell late endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell late endosome.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane

The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum tubular network.


autolysosome lumen

The volume that is enclosed within the autolysosome single-membrane.


vesicle

Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.


organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.


cofilin-actin rod

A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and disulfide cross-linked cofilin multimers.


bounding membrane of organelle

The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle.


type Is terminal bouton

Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary for the phasic release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. Type Is terminal boutons are smaller than type Ib terminal boutons.


host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum.


host cell endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endosome.


cyanelle intermembrane space

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the cyanelle envelope; includes the peptidoglycan layer.


lysosomal glycocalyx

The polysaccharide-based coating on the inner side of a lysosomal membrane. It may be involved in protecting the membrane from digestion by lysosomal enzymes.


host cell postsynaptic membrane

A postsynaptic membrane that is part of a host cell. A postsynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters transmit the signal across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic membrane.


mating projection tip

The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.


non-growing cell tip

A cell tip at which no growth takes place. For example, in fission yeast the cell end newly formed by cell division does not grow immediately upon its formation, and lacks actin cytoskeletal structures.


host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


perforant pathway to dendrate granule cell synapse

A neuron to neuron synapse of a pyramidal neuron in the entorhinal cortex onto a granule cell in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.


Woronin body

Peroxisome-derived dense-core vesicle that seals septal pores upon hyphal lysis to prevent excessive cytoplasmic loss. It is specific to several genera of filamentous ascomycetes.


meiotic spindle pole body

The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the meiotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


plasma membrane respirasome

A respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane of a cell; made up of the protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the plasma membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


left posteriolateral basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left posteriolateral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


dendriole

Small dendrites that makes up a brush structure found as the terminal specialization of a dendrite of a unipolar brush cell (UBC).


plasma membrane of growing cell tip

Any plasma membrane part that is part of a growing cell tip.


Golgi stack lumen

The volume enclosed by any of the membranes of the thin, flattened cisternae that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.


pollen wall

The wall surrounding a mature pollen grain; a multilayered structure consisting of a pectocellulosic intine surrounded by a sporopollenin-based exine, which itself contains two layers, the inner nexine and the outer sexine.


host cell part

Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular bud tip

The end of a cellular bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell.


slime layer

A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell. Specifically this consists mostly of exopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.


host cell envelope

An envelope that surrounds a bacterial host cell and includes the host cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the host periplasmic space, host cell wall, and host outer membrane if present.


cell junction

A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella.


sperm head plasma membrane

The plasma membrane that is part of the head section of a sperm cell.


rod bipolar cell terminal bouton

A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a rod bipolar axon. A rod bipolar cell is a neuron found in the retina and having connections with rod photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.


vascular endothelial glycocalyx

The carbohydrate-rich layer lining the vascular endothelium connected to the endothelium through a variety of molecules, mainly proteoglycans and glycoproteins. These form a network in which soluble molecules, either plasma- or endothelium-derived, are incorporated.


host cell membrane

Double layer of lipid molecules as it encloses host cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


capsule

A protective structure surrounding some fungi and bacteria, attached externally to the cell wall and composed primarily of polysaccharides. Capsules are highly organized structures that adhere strongly to cells and cannot be easily removed. Capsules play important roles in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by other cells, adherance, and resistance to dessication.


C bouton

Synaptic bouton found in spinal cord on the soma and proximal dendrites of motor neurons.


membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


meiotic actomyosin contractile ring

A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments, myosin, and myosin-associated proteins that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the meiotic spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two future daughter cells. In animal cells, the meiotic contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In fungal cells, the meiotic contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in preparation for completing cytokinesis.


peptidoglycan-based cell wall

A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan (also known as murein), a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids. An example of this component is found in Escherichia coli.


cell projection

A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


intracellular anatomical structure

A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.


organelle lumen

The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.


presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

The region of the presynaptic membrane that is part of the presynaptic endocytic zone - where synaptic vesicles are endocytosed and recycled following release.


glyoxysome

A specialized form of peroxisome that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. The glyoxysome is found in some plant cells, notably the cells of germinating seeds.


membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it.


hyphal membrane

A host-derived membrane surrounding the symbiont hypha during infection.


glutamatergic synapse

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.


cellularization cleavage furrow

A plasma membrane invagination at the site of separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells.


postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane

The region of the postsynaptic membrane that is part of the postsynaptic endocytic zone. This region of membrane is associated with stable clathrin puncta.


organelle membrane

A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.


hyphal cell wall

The cell wall surrounding a fungal hypha.


Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse

A synapse between the Schaffer collateral axon of a CA3 pyramidal cell and a CA1 pyramidal cell.


stereocilium coat

A glycocalyx on the the endolymphatic surface of a cochlear hair cell that coats the external surface of each stereocilium and maintains a small distance between adjacent stereocilia in the bundle.


neuron to neuron synapse

A synapse in which pre and post-synaptic cells are neurons.


hinge region between urothelial plaques of apical plasma membrane

A narrow rim of non-thickened membrane in between urothelial plaques in apical plasma membrane.


plant-type vacuole lumen

The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


basal pole of outer hair cell

The end of the outer hair cell which receives and transmits neural signals.


host peribacteroid fluid

The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.


plasma membrane of cell tip

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip.


serotonergic synapse

A synapse that uses serotonin as a neurotransmitter.


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.


right anterior basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right anterior flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


extrinsic component of cell outer membrane

The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


right posteriolateral basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right posteriolateral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


protein storage vacuole lumen

The volume enclosed by the protein storage vacuole membrane.


cone photoreceptor outer segment

The outer segment of a vertebrate cone photoreceptor that contains membrane discs that are contiguous with the ciliary membrane and containing opsin photoreceptor proteins.


autophagosome lumen

The volume enclosed within the autophagosome double-membrane.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


dopaminergic synapse

A synapse that uses dopamine as a neurotransmitter.


noradrenergic synapse

A synapse that uses noradrenaline as a neurotransmitter.


postsynaptic specialization of symmetric synapse

A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of a symmetric synapse, consisting of anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components that spatially and functionally organize the neurotransmitter receptors at the synapse. This structure is not as thick or electron dense as the postsynaptic densities found in asymmetric synapses.


chromoplast intermembrane space

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chromoplast envelope.


basal pole of neuron

Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the basilar dendrite emerges.


fungal-type vacuole lumen

The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


apical pole of neuron

Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the apical dendrite emerges.


host cell presynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane of the host axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the host neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many host synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.


somatic ring canal

A stable intercellular bridge between somatic cells. Examples include the intercellular bridges between ovarian follicle cells in insects and between imaginal disc cells in insects.


type III terminal bouton

Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a non-glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters at a regulatory synapse. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it. Type III terminal boutons are larger than type II ones.


muscle cell postsynaptic specialization

A postsynaptic specialization that is part of a neuromuscular junction.


meiotic spindle midzone

The area in the center of the meiotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


actin rod

A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Actin rod structures are found in diverse organisms, having been observed in spores of Dictyostelium discoideum, Drosophila melanogaster oocytes, as well as in numerous animal cells under stress conditions.


plastid inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope; also faces the plastid stroma.


plant-type vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


prospore contractile ring

A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in meiotic cells in preparation for completing cytokinesis.


extrinsic component of thylakoid membrane

The component of a thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


membrane-enclosed lumen

The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen.


cyst wall

The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a cyst. A cyst is a resting or dormant stage of a microorganism, usually a bacterium or a protist or rarely an invertebrate animal, that helps the organism to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions. In protists such as protozoan parasites alternating cystic- and non-cystic stages, the cyst wall is usually composed of carbohydrates and proteins.


host cell periplasmic space

The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer host membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner host membrane and host cell wall (Fungi).


root hair tip

The tip portion of an outgrowth of a root epidermal cell.


P4 peroxisome

A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P4 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.


host caveola

A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the host cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a host cell and extends inward, indenting the host cytoplasm and the host cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the host cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


organelle envelope

A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.


synaptonemal structure

A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.


old growing cell tip

A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs. For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.


cellular bud neck

The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.


GABA-ergic synapse

A synapse that uses GABA as a neurotransmitter. These synapses are typically inhibitory.


symbiont-containing vacuolar space

The space between a symbiont plasma membrane and the symbiont-containing vacuole membrane.


extrinsic component of external side of cell outer membrane

The component of a cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


aortico-pulmonary spiral septum

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta[MP]. The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions.


ion

A molecular entity having a net electric charge.


anion

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.


polyatomic ion

An ion consisting of more than one atom.


pedal ganglion

The pedal ganglia mainly are necessary for coordination of locomotion of a snail.


neural crest-derived structure

An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest.


ventricular septum intermedium

Endocardial cushions project into the atrial canal, and, meeting in the middle line, unite to form the septum intermedium which divides the canal into two channels, the future right and left atrioventricular orifices[Gray's via WP].


lumbar dorsal root ganglion

The group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the lumbar vertebrae.


profundal part of trigeminal ganglion complex


atrioventricular septum

The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve.


maxillomandibular part of trigeminal ganglion complex


inherited disease susceptibility

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.


muscle structure

Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO].


ectoderm-derived structure

An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.


outflow tract septum

The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.


structure with developmental contribution from neural crest

An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest.


lateral structure

Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian.


parietal ganglion

A lateral ganglion that innervates pallial cavity, gills and skin of a snail[BTO,modified].


septum

A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP].


mesoderm-derived structure

An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm.


abdominal ganglion of visceral hump

An unpaired knot of nerves in The visceral sacs that innervates the pallial organs as well as the inner organs.


excretory system

An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm.


endoderm-derived structure

An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm.


gastropod cerebral ganglion

The cerebral ganglia are primarily sensual centres, that compute information from the eyes as well as from the tactile and position sensors (statocystes). Besides coordination they also serve the locational memory of a snail.


aromatic compound

A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.


macrocycle

A cyclic compound containing nine or more atoms as part of the cyclic system.


chemical entity

A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.


main group molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.


cyclic compound

Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.


chemical substance

A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.


heterocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.


polyatomic entity

Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.


mineral

In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').


inorganic molecular entity

A molecular entity that contains no carbon.


alkali metal molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.


isotopically modified compound

Any molecular entity in which the isotopic ratio of nuclides for at least one element deviates measurably from that occurring in nature. The term includes both isotopically substituted compounds (in which essentially all the molecules of the compound have only the indicated nuclide(s) at each designated position) and isotopically labeled compounds (a formal mixture of an isotopically unmodified compound with one or more analogous isotopically substituted compound(s).


ring assembly

Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved.


mineral nutrient

A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body.


bicyclic compound

A molecule that features two fused rings.


A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome).


molecule

Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.


heterobicyclic compound

A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.


s-block molecular entity

An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.


alkaline earth molecular entity

An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.


homocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.


molecular entity

Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.


virion component

Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.


disease susceptibility

A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.