induction of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The induction of synaptic vesicle release by any process that leads to a rise in intracellular calcium ion concentration at the presynapse. This is the first step in synaptic transmission.


regulation of dense core granule exocytosis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.


regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.


modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood mast cell degranulation in another organism. Mast cell degranulation is the regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.


negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.


regulation of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis.


positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.


negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.


negative regulation of exocyst assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of exocyst assembly.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle priming

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.


positive regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis.


negative regulation of basophil degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.


negative regulation of exosomal secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.


regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis.


regulation of basophil degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.


positive regulation of constitutive secretory pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway.


regulation of postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis.


positive regulation of neutrophil degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.


positive regulation of basophil degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.


negative regulation of dense core granule exocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart induction

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to heart induction.


kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the kidney.


Stage III Intermediate Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


variola minor infection

A orthopoxvirus that causes a milder clinical syndrome than smallpox.


syndromic urogenital tract malformation

A urogenital tract malformation that is part of a larger syndrome.


congenital labioscrotal agenesis-cerebellar malformation-corneal dystrophy-facial dysmorphism syndrome


spondylocostal dysostosis-anal and genitourinary malformations syndrome

Spondylocostal dysostosis-anal and genitourinary malformations syndrome is characterised by the association of spondylocostal dysostosis with anal and genitourinary malformations (anal atresia and agenesis of external and internal genitalia). To date, only four cases have been described in the literature. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested.


8p23.1 microdeletion syndrome

8p23.1 deletion involves a partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 8 characterized by low birth weight, postnatal growth deficiency, mild intellectual deficit, hyperactivity, craniofacial abnormalities, and congenital heart defects.


double uterus-hemivagina-renal agenesis syndrome

Double uterus, hemivagina and renal agenesis is a rare congenital urogenital anomaly characterized by the presence of double uterus (didelphys, bicornuate or septum-complete or partial), unilateral cervico-vaginal obstruction (obstructed hemivagina-communicant, not communicant or septate and unilateral cervical atresia) and ipsilateral renal anomalies (renal agenesis and/or other urinary tract anomalies). Patients are usually diagnosed at puberty after menarche due to recurrent severe dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, excessive foul smelling mucopurulent discharge, spotting and intermenstrual bleeding (depending on the existence of uterine or vaginal communications). fever, dyspareunia, and a palpable abdominal, pelvic or vaginal mass (mucocolpos or pyocolpos) may also be present.


mixed gonadal dysgenesis

A type of defective gonadal development in patients with a wide spectrum of chromosomal mosaic variants. Their karyotypes are of partial sex chromosome monosomy resulting from an absence or an abnormal second sex chromosome (X or Y). Karyotypes include 45,X/46,xx; 45,X/46,xx/47,xxx; 46,xxp-; 45,X/46,xy; 45,X/47,xyy; 46,xypi; etc. The spectrum of phenotypes may range from phenotypic female to phenotypic male including variations in gonads and internal and external genitalia, depending on the ratio in each gonad of 45,X primordial germ cells to those with normal 46,xx or 46,xy constitution.


acrofrontofacionasal dysostosis 2

A very rare syndrome associating an acro-fronto-facio-nasal dysostosis with genitourinary anomalies.


lethal fetal cerebrorenogenitourinary agenesis/hypoplasia syndrome

Lethal fetal cerebrorenogenitourinary agenesis/hypoplasia syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis malformation syndrome characterized by intrauterine growth restriction, flexion arthrogryposis of all joints, severe microcephaly, renal cystic dysplasia/agenesis/hypoplasia and complex malformations of the brain (cerebral and cerebellar hypoplasia, vermis, corpus callosum and/or occipital lobe agenesis, with or without arhinencephaly), as well as of the genitourinary tract (ureteral agenesis/hypoplasia, uterine hypoplasia and/or vaginal atresia), leading to fetal demise.


lethal hemolytic anemia-genital anomalies syndrome

Waters-West syndrome is characterized by the association of lethal non-spherocytic, non-immune hemolytic anemia with abnormalities of the external genitalia (micropenis and hypospadias), flat occiput, dimpled earlobes, deep plantar creases, and increased space between the first and second toes. It has been described only once in two brothers who died a few hours after birth. The second-born infant had massive ascites and hepatosplenomegaly. The mother had two spontaneous abortions (at 6 and 12 weeks gestation) but gave birth to a normal girl, suggesting an autosomal or X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. Although the parents were not known to be consanguineous, they shared a French-Canadian and American Indian ethnic origin.


mullerian duct anomalies-limb anomalies syndrome

Mullerian duct anomalies-limb anomalies syndrome is characterised by the association of mullerian duct and distal limb anomalies. It has been described in five individuals from one family. Females presented with anomalies ranging from a vaginal septum to complete duplication of uterus and vagina, and males presented with micropenis. The limb anomalies varied from postaxial polydactyly to severe upper limb hypoplasia with split hand. The mode of transmission is autosomal dominant.


X-linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome

X-linked form of Opitz G/BBB syndrome.


Turner syndrome due to structural X chromosome anomalies


48,XYYY syndrome

48,XYYY syndrome is a rare Y chromosome number anomaly that affects only males and is characterized by mild-moderate developmental delay (especially speech), normal to mild intellectual disability, large, irregular teeth with poor enamel, tall stature and acne. Radioulnar stenosis and clinodactyly have also been associated. Boys generally present normal genitalia, while hypogonadism and infertility is frequently reported in adult males.


Timothy syndrome type 2

Classical Timothy syndrome without cutaneous syndactyly.


long QT syndrome 9

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CAV3 gene.


Timothy syndrome type 1

Classical Timothy syndrome with cutaneous syndactyly.


long QT syndrome 10

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SCN4B gene.


Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome 1

Any Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KCNQ1 gene.


long QT syndrome 6

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KCNE2 gene.


Timothy syndrome, atypical type

Atypical form of Timothy syndrome, causes a more severe form of long QT syndrome and a greater risk of arrhythmia and sudden death.


Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome 2

Any Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KCNE1 gene.


long QT syndrome 13

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KCNJ5 gene.


long QT syndrome 11

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the AKAP9 gene.


long QT syndrome 15

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CALM2 gene.


long QT syndrome 12

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SNTA1 gene.


Timothy syndrome, classic type

Classic form of Timothy syndrome, includes all features of generic.


ectopia lentis 2, isolated, autosomal recessive

An isolated ectopia lentis that has material basis in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ADAMTSL4 gene on chromosome 1q21.


Stage IIIC Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: T4, Any N, M0.  T4: Tumor is not resectable due to extensive invasion of ocular, orbital, craniofacial structures, or brain.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2b-c, T3, N0, M0: T2b: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension with invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. T2c: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension involving the full thickness of the eyelid. T3: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm but 30 mm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage 0 Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N1, M0.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Tumor more than 20 mm in greatest dimension.  Or, any tumor that invades adjacent ocular or orbital structures.  Or, any T with perineural tumor invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IC Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IC includes: T2b, N0, M0.  T2b: Tumor more than 10 mm, but not more than 20 mm in greatest dimension.  Or, tumor involves full thickness of the eyelid.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N2, M0. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring more than 3 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: T1, N0, M0; IB: T2a, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 10 mm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension without invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Basal cell carcinoma of eyelid

A basal cell carcinoma that arises from the eyelid.


Stage IIIA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Tumor more than 5 mm, but not more than 10 mm in greatest dimension.  Or, any tumor that invades the tarsal plate or eyelid margin.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Any eyelid carcinoma invading adjacent ocular, orbital, or facial structures. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Eyelid Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of eyelid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to all primary carcinomas of the eyelid, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), sebaceous carcinoma, and other rare carcinomas, such as all varieties of sweat gland carcinoma (e.g., eccrine carcinoma). It does not apply to carcinomas of the head and neck with direct extension to eyelid (are staged according to the cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck), Merkel cell carcinomas of the eyelid (are staged according to the classification for Merkel cell carcinomas), and melanomas of the eyelid (are staged according to the classification for melanomas of the skin).  (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage 0 Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3b, N0, M0.  T3b: Complete tumor resection requires enucleation, exenteration, or bone resection.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Eyelid Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of eyelid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 5 mm or less in greatest dimension.  No invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T2b-c, T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension with invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. T2c: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension involving the full thickness of the eyelid. T3: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm but 30 mm or less in greatest dimension. T4: Any eyelid carcinoma invading adjacent ocular, orbital, or facial structures. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: Any T, N1, M0; IIIB: Any T, N2, M0. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring more than 3 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension without invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 10 mm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


mitochondrial RNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs that takes place in the mitochondrion.


cytosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.


lncRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lncRNAs, non-coding RNAs over 200 nucleotides in length.


acrylonitrile catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.


riboflavin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


chlorophyll catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, into less complex products.


2-nitropropane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor.


deoxyguanosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


citrulline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.


cytoplasmic polyadenylation-dependent RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the cytoplasm and resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA truncated degradation intermediate.


bilirubin conjugation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide or bilirubin diglucuronide, water-soluble derivatives of bilirubin.


cytoplasmic polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the cytoplasm and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA truncated degradation intermediate.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent CUT catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a cryptic unstable transcript (CUT), initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target CUT.


maternal mRNA clearance

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the clearance of maternal mRNA transcripts from the zygote as part of the maternal-to-zygote transition in gene expression.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNP export

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly formed or aberrant nuclear mRNPs docked at the nuclear pore complex prior to export to the cytoplasm.


thiamine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.


pyridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.


thiamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


nitrate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.


uridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.


flavin-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


antisense RNA transcript catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antisense transcripts, i.e. transcripts that were produced from the antisense strand of a gene that produces a gene product and which often have a regulatory effect on the transcription of that gene product.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent snRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snRNA.


thiamine diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


deoxyinosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


21U-RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.


nitrile catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom.


coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process

The breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole into simpler components in a process that requires coenzyme F420 and produces reactive nitrogen species. Hydride, from reduced coenzyme F420, is added to the bicyclic nitroimidazole, resulting in unstable substances that break down to form three stable products. The elimination of nitrous acid produces the corresponding des-nitroimidazole; hydrolysis produces a related compound; and further reduction creates an aromatic hydroxylamine metabolite that degrades further. These reactions release hyponitrous acid and nitrous acid, which is unstable and disproportionates into nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen intermediates.


pyridoxal phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


deoxycytidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


RNA fragment catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fragment of RNA, such as excised introns or sequences removed from ribosomal RNA during processing.


bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole.


pyridine nucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.


aspyridone B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone B.


anaerobic purine nucleobase catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


atrazine catabolic process to cyanuric acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into cyanuric acid.


N-cyclopropylmelamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insecticide.


carnitine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


queuosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


glycine betaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.


vitamin B6 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


purine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


snRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snRNA, small nuclear RNA, low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.


L-proline betaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.


nonfunctional rRNA decay

An rRNA catabolic process that results in the targeted detection and degradation of aberrant rRNAs contained within translationally defective ribosomes, thereby acting as a quality-control system.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


hypoxanthine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


sno(s)RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins.


ureide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ureide, which is the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants with the release of ammonium.


2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process to fumarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine to form fumarate. 2,5-dihydroxypyridine is dioxygenated to give maleamate and formate; the maleamate from this reaction is then converted to maleate, which is then isomerized to fumurate.


cyanide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.


thymidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.


pteridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


heme B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


atrazine catabolic process to isopropylamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into isopropylamine.


adenine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the 5 main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


aspyridone A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone A.


cyanogenic glycoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


bacteriochlorophyll catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


heme a catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.


nitroimidazole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.


corrin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.


siRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small interfering RNA transcripts (siRNAs).


mitochondrial ncRNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs) within the mitochondrion.


nuclear histone mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA) within the nucleus.


cytoplasmic RNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the cytoplasm.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the selective degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein.


pre-mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the unspliced pre-mRNA (pre-messenger RNA).


mitochondrial DNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitochondrial DNA.


isoquinoline alkaloid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snoRNA.


exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-independent decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay.


nitric oxide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.


carbamoyl phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.


2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.


tRNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant tRNAs.


carbazole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.


s-triazine compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.


5-methylcytosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


target-directed miRNA degradation

The process in which a miRNA is targeted for degradation by a non-coding RNA or mRNA. The binding of an RNA to a target miRNA within a RISC complex results in either ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AGO protein or the displacement of the 3' end of the miRNA, exposing it to nucleases.


deoxyuridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


indole phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.


siroheme catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.


tetrahydrobiopterin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


cobalamin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent antisense transcript catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of an antisense transcript, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target antisense transcript.


guanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 5'-3'

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.


melatonin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


atrazine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide.


mitochondrial mRNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading messenger RNA (mRNA) within the mitochondrion.


cocaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.


deoxyadenosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


cyanuric acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanuric acid, a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides.


heme O catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


spina bifida cystica

A congenital abnormality in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column. The protrusion is above the skin surface.


posterior meningocele

Posterior meningocele is a rare neural tube closure defect characterized by the herniation of a cerebrospinal fluid-filled sac, that is lined by dura and arachnoid mater, through a posterior spina bifida and covered by a layer of skin of variable thickness, which may be dysplastic or ulcerated. The spinal cord and nerves are generally not included and function normally, although sometimes a tethered cord may be associated. They are most commonly located in the lumbar or sacral region.


papillary meningioma of the cerebellum

A papillary meningioma that affects the cerebellum.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Leiomyosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Uterine corpus leiomyosarcoma with tumor extending beyond the uterus, within the pelvis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Dental Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the teeth and/or the periodontal tissues.  Representative examples include odontoma, enamel hypoplasia, and periodontitis.


Cemento-osseous dysplasia

A non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesion of the tooth-bearing regions of the gnathic bones. It is characterized by a variably cellular fibrous stroma with areas of swirling and/or loose collagen. Within the stroma are mineralizing tissues consisting of osteoid, bone, and cementum-like material. As the lesions mature, they become increasingly calcified. (WHO 2017)


acute pericementitis

An acute inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


suppurative periapical periodontitis

Localized collection of pus in the tissues that enclose the root of a tooth.


chronic periodontitis

A chronic inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


Odontoma, Compound

A benign, slow growing, and painless hamartomatous tumor occurring in tooth-bearing areas of the jaws. It usually affects children and adolescents. It is characterized by the presence of tooth-like structures. Treatment consists of local excision. Recurrences have not been reported.


Periodontal infection

An infectious process affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


Dental disorders congenital

A non-neoplastic dental disorder that is present at birth.


Dental pain and sensation disorders

A term that refers to disorders that result in pain and abnormal sensation in the teeth and/or periodontal tissues.


florid cemento-osseous dysplasia

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare fibro-osseous lesion in the jaw that predominantly affects middle-aged women of African descent. It is generally asymptomatic or may manifest with pain and gingival swelling. Radiologically, it is characterized by multiple dense lobulated bone lesions, often symmetrically located in various regions of the jaw.


Dental and Periodontal Infection

An infectious process that affects the teeth and/or the periodontal tissues.


Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia

Cemento-osseous dysplasia affecting the apical areas of mandibular anterior teeth. (WHO 2017)


Chronic pericoronitis

Long-term inflammation of the gingiva surrounding the crown of a tooth, usually of an incompletely erupted tooth.


Dental Developmental Disorder

A disorder of the teeth arising during odontogenesis.


Dental Fistula

Localized collection of pus in the tissues that enclose the root of a tooth and is associated with the presence of a sinus tract.


Complex odontoma

A benign, slow growing, and painless hamartomatous tumor occurring in tooth-bearing areas of the jaws. It is one of the most common odontogenic tumors and it usually affects children, adolescents, and young adults. It is characterized by the presence of enamel and dentin and the absence of tooth-like structures. It is treated with local excision. If it is incompletely removed, it may recur.


Hypotensive Shock

Shock resulting from abnormally low blood pressure.


intracellular manganese ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of manganese ions within a cell.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + H2O = beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide + NH3.


left anterior basal body

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left anterior flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


Polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorder following transplant

A clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is characterized by destructive infiltration of lymph nodes and extranodal sites by a polymorphic B-cell infiltrate composed of small and medium sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, and plasma cells. In some cases, reduction of the immunosuppression therapy may lead to regression of the lesions. In other cases the lesions may progress to lymphoma.


Refractory Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


superior vesical artery

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An artery that supplies blood to the upper urinary bladder.


middle colic artery

The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers' breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted].


congenital hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy

A very rare syndrome characterized by sparse and short hair from birth followed by progressive macular degeneration leading to blindness.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


renal interlobular vein

Any of the veins that parallel the interlobular arteries, receiving blood from the peritubular capillary plexus and empty into the arcuate veins.


renal venous blood vessel

Any member of the network of tubes that return blood from the renal tissues to the systemic circulation.


kidney arcuate vein

Any of the veins that parallel the arcuate arteries, receive blood from the interlobular veins and straight venules, and terminate in the interlobar veins.


inner renal medulla vasa recta

A vasa recta that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition].


outer renal medulla vasa recta

A vasa recta that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition].


renal cortex vein

Artery that receives blood from the renal cortex[MP, modified].


MHC class Ib protein binding, via lateral surface

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules via the lateral surface.


Resected Mass

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Pathologic Stage IIIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T2, N3a, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T4a, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T2, N3, M0); (T4b, N0, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4b, N2, M0); (T4b, N3, M0); (T4a, N3, M0). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage 0 Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria, high grade dysplasia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IVB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T1, N3b, M0); (T2, N3b, M0); (T3, N3a, M0); (T4a, N3a, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4b, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T3, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T4a, N1, N2, or N3, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIIC Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T3, N3b, M0); (T4a, N3b, M0); (T4b, N3a, M0); (T4b, N3b, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T1, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T2, N1, N2, or N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IVA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T4b, Any N, M0): T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T1, N3a, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T4a, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T1, N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); IIB: (T1, N3a, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage

A term that refers to the postneoadjuvant therapy staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Pathologic Stage IA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: (T1, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T1, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T2, N1, N2, or N3, M0); IIB: (T3, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4b, Any N, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

A term that refers to the pathologic staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Pathologic Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T2, N3a, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0, M0); IIIB: (T1, N3b, M0); (T2, N3b, M0); (T3, N3a, M0); (T4a, N3a, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4b, N2, M0); IIIC: (T3, N3b, M0); (T4a, N3b, M0); (T4b, N3a, M0); (T4b, N3b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Pathologic Stage 0 Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria, high grade dysplasia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


polyazaalkane

Any azaalkane in which two or more carbons in the chain are replaced by nitrogen.


Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula Type C

A type of esophageal atresia (EA) / tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in which the upper segment of the esophagus ends in a blind pouch and the lower segment is connected to the trachea via a TEF. This is the most common type of EA/TEF, which accounts for approximately 85 percent of cases.


H-type congenital tracheoesophageal fistula

Congenital tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia.


high-affinity inorganic phosphate:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: HPO42-(out) + Na+(out) = HPO42-(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


positive regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


Tracheoarterial Fistula

An erosion through the tracheal wall into an artery.


copalyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-copalyl diphosphate.


HLA-E specific inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


HLA-G specific inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib molecule of the HLA-G subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


Testicular Myeloid Sarcoma

A rare myeloid sarcoma that arises from the testis. At presentation the involvement is usually unilateral.


Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, benign

A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor with benign histologic features.  It may recur locally but does not metastasize.  Complete excision is curative.


jasmonoyl-leucine synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + ATP(4-) + a jasmonic acid <=> AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid + a jasmonoyl-leucine.


vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 3


congenital vertebral-cardiac-renal anomalies syndrome


vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 1


vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 2


NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex

A heterodimer of NF-kappa B p50 and p65 subunits.


melatonin binding

Binding to melatonin.


parakeratinized epithelium of gingiva

A parakeratinized epithelium that is part of a gingiva.


gingival epithelium

A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized[BTO].


androsterone dehydrogenase (A-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+.


androsterone dehydrogenase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+.


positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.


age related macular degeneration 1

An age related macular degeneration associated with polymorphism in the hemicentin gene (HMCN1) on chromosome 1q25.3-q31.1.


negative regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy.


negative regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane.


negative regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport.


negative regulation of post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of posttranslational protein translocation through the ER membrane.


negative regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport.


negative regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane.


snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at a type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.


pollen tube reception

Interaction between the pollen tube, part of the male gametophyte, and the ovule, part of the female gametophyte, that results in the arrest of pollen tube growth, rupture of the pollen tube and the release of the sperm cells.


Jejunal Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the jejunum.


Jejunal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the jejunum.


gravitaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity.


negative gravitaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism away from the source of gravity.


positive gravitaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards the source of gravity.


African histoplasmosis

An disease or disorder caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii.


Histoplasma capsulatum infectious disease

An disease or disorder caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


histoplasmosis meningitis

An infectious meningitis caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


histoplasmosis retinitis

An retinitis caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


macular corneal dystrophy

Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) is a rare, severe form of stromal corneal dystrophy characterized by bilateral ill-defined cloudy regions within a hazy stroma, and eventually severe visual impairment.


gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDCD) is a form of superficial corneal dystrophy characterized by multiple prominent milky-white gelatinous nodules beneath the corneal epithelium, and marked visual impairment.


Mounier-Kuhn syndrome

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome, also known as idiopathic tracheobronchomegaly, is a congenital disorder characterized by marked dilatation of the trachea and proximal bronchi that leads to impaired airway secretion clearance and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.


SHG alpha-glucan phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogenphosphate + a plant soluble heteroglycan = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + a plant soluble heteroglycan.


genochondromatosis type 1

Genochondromatosis is characterized by chondromatosis, typically involving the clavicles, upper end of the humerus, and lower end of the femur. Lesions are bilateral and symmetrical. It has been described four patients from the same family and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Another disorder, genochondromatosis II, shows strong similarities to genochondromatosis but is characterized by the involvement of the short tubular bones and by normal clavicles. It has been described in one unrelated family. Genochondromatosis II may also be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Genochondromatosis has a benign clinical course.


genochondromatosis type 2

Genochondromatosis type 2 is a rare genetic bone development disorder characterized by normal clavicles and symmetrical generalized metaphyseal enchondromas particularly in the distal femur, proximal humerus, and bones of the wrists, hands, and feet. Lesions regress later in life with growth cartilage obliteration. Clinical examination is normal and the course of the disease is benign.


protein pupylation

The process in which a Pup protein is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxy-terminus of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.


A 1-glycosyltriazole in which the glycosyl residue is specified as ribosyl.


sensory perception of slow pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a slow pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Slow pain is often subjectively described as an aching or throbbing pain; in humans, the signals from a slow pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along unmyelinated C fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 1 second. Slow pain is often associated with tissue destruction.


polyuridylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that has been modified by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues (polyuridylation) at the 3' end.


facial nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the facial nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


Stage IV Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

An esophageal squamous cell carcinoma which has reappeared after a period of remission or after presumed treatment.


benign neoplasm of lacrimal gland

A benign neoplasm that involves the lacrimal gland.


lacrimal gland neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the lacrimal gland.


lacrimal gland cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the lacrimal gland.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing N-acetylmuramic residues.


natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation.


ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint

Joint that articulates the ceratohyal and ventral hypohyal bones. Ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint is paired.


negative regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.


regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.


positive regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.


Stargardt disease 4

Any Stargardt disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PROM1 gene.


all-trans-beta-apo-10'-carotenal cleavage oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10'-apo-beta-carotenal + O2 <=> 13-apo-beta-carotenone + 4-methylocta-2,4,6-trienedial.


positive regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.


leading edge of dendritic growth cone

That part of the dendritic growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


Sporadic Cylindroma

A cylindroma occurring as a solitary sporadic lesion.


interleukin-13 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-13 receptor.


interleukin-20 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-20 receptor.


interleukin-11 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-11 receptor.


CX3C chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CX3C chemokine receptor.


granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding

Binding to a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.


XCR1 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a XCR1 chemokine receptor.


CCR6 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR6 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-17 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-17 receptor.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor binding

Binding to a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor.


interleukin-26 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-26 receptor.


CXCR6 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR6 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-19 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-19 receptor.


interleukin-7 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-7 receptor.


interleukin-25 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-25 receptor.


interleukin-24 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-24 receptor.


interleukin-9 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-9 receptor.


CCR3 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR3 chemokine receptor.


CCR8 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR8 chemokine receptor.


CCR9 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR9 chemokine receptor.


brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding

Binding to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor.


interleukin-17E receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-17E receptor.


CXCR2 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR2 chemokine receptor.


CXCR5 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR5 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-15 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-15 receptor.


interleukin-10 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-10 receptor.


CCR11 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR11 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-16 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-16 receptor.


interleukin-35 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-35 receptor.


interleukin-33 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-33 receptor.


CXCR1 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR1 chemokine receptor.


CCR4 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR4 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-28 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-28 receptor.


interleukin-18 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-18 receptor.


interleukin-21 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-21 receptor.


neurotrophin TRKC receptor binding

Binding to a neurotrophin TRKC receptor.


CXCR4 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR4 chemokine receptor.


arylalkyl acylamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetylarylalkylamine = acetate + arylalkylamine.


positive regulation of basophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.


protein-phycobiliviolin linkage via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine.


protein-phycobiliviolin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin.


neuron migration involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite of a neuron in the amphid sensory organ.


Closed fracture of mandible, multiple sites

A traumatic break in two or more places in the mandible that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Descending Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the descending colon. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to somitogenesis.


Elevated Alpha-Hydroxyglutarate

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of alpha-hydroxyglutarate in a sample.


neutral amino acid, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


metal cation:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: metal ion(in) + H+(out) = metal ion(out) + H+(in).


L-histidine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-histidine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-histidine(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Mn2+(in) + H+(out) = Mn2+(out) + H+(in).


L-glutamine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of zinc from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + Zn2+(in) = H+(in) + Zn2+(out).


sodium:proton antiporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a cardiac muscle cell membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). This transfer contributes to the regulation of the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Li+(in) + H+(out) = Li+(out) + H+(in).


L-asparagine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-asparagine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-asparagine(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).


negative regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


20q11.2 microdeletion syndrome

20q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by psychomotor delay, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, anomalies of the hands and feet (clinodactyly, camptodactyly, brachydactyly, feet malposition), and craniofacial dysmorphism. Associated prenatal growth retardation, and gastrointestinal, heart and eye anomalies have been reported.


D-galacturonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


D-galacturonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid is a component of plant gums and bacterial cell walls.


D-galacturonate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


negative regulation of primary miRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.


positive regulation of miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.


positive regulation of pre-miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.


positive regulation of primary miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.


Resectable Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


esophagus squamous epithelium

A squamous epithelium that is part of a esophagus.


urethral calculus

A concretion in the urethra.


retinitis pigmentosa 42

Any retinitis pigmentosa in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KLHL7 gene.


positive regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.


TDP-43 proteinopathy

Disease characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease.


cervicofacial actinomycosis

A form of actinomycosis characterized by slow-growing inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes that drain the mouth (lumpy jaw), reddening of the overlying skin, and intraperitoneal abscesses.


positive regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


4p16.3 microduplication syndrome

4p16.3 microduplication syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome that results from the partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 4. It has a highly variable phenotype, principally characterized by psychomotor and language delay, seizures and dysmorphic features such as high forehead with frontal bossing, hypertelorism, prominent glabella, long narrow palpebral fissures, low set ears and short neck. Eye abnormalities (glaucoma, irregular iris pigmentation, hyperopia) have also been reported.


positive regulation of neutrophil activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation.


Intraocular Infection

Infection within the eye.


Fungal endophthalmitis

Inflammation of the lining of the ocular cavities, which results from a fungal infection.


parasitic endophthalmitis

Infection of the epicondyles by a parasite.


cellular response to L-glutamate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamate(1-) stimulus.


establishment of latency as a circular episome

A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as a circular structure.


establishment of episomal latency

A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as a distinct genetic entity.


establishment of latency as a linear episome

A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as linear structure.


caudate lobe hepatic sinusoid

A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a caudate lobe of liver.


peroxisome membrane class-1 targeting sequence binding

Binding to a class I peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane in a PEX19-dependent manner.


rheumatoid vasculitis

Necrotizing VASCULITIS of small and medium size vessels, developing as a complication in RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients. It is characterized by peripheral vascular lesions, cutaneous ulcers, peripheral gangrene, and mononeuritis multiplex.


autoimmune vasculitis

An autoimmune form of vasculitis.


Cogan syndrome

Cogan syndrome (CS) is a rare autoimmune disorder of unknown origin characterized by inflammatory ocular disease (mainly interstitial keratitis) and vestibulo-auditory manifestations (mainly acute onset hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo), in the setting of a negative work-up for syphilis, with a variable risk of developing into a systemic disease. Systemic manifestations may occur in more than 70% of cases.


positive regulation of estrogen secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.


Toc complex

Protein translocon complex at the chloroplast outer membrane.


Benign Epithelial Melanoses of the Conjunctiva

A group of benign, non-neoplastic lesions in the conjunctiva characterized by increased production of melanin without proliferation of conjunctival melanocytes.


Branch of abdominal aorta

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An arterial segment arising from the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to the abdominal organs, other structures, genitalia and the lower limbs. The aortic branches include terminal branches called the common iliac arteries, the celiac artery, the superior mesenteric artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, the renal arteries, the suprarenal arteries, the testicular (internal spermatic) arteries, the ovarian arteries, the inferior phrenic arteries, lumbar arteries and the middle sacral artery.


left common iliac artery

The common iliac artery situated on the left side of the body.


common iliac artery

The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted].


iliolumbar artery

The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. [WP,unvetted].


left testicular artery

A testicular artery that supplies a left testicle.


spermatic artery

A branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies oxygenated blood to the testis.


phrenic artery

An artery that supplies the diaphragm.


left gastric artery

An artery that arises from the celiac artery and supplies the stomach.


right testicular artery

A testicular artery that supplies a right testicle.


mesenteric artery

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.


suprarenal artery

Artery that supplies blood to the adrenal glands.


ovarian artery

An artery that supplies an ovary.


right renal artery

Renal artery that supplies the right kidney.


lumbar artery

The lumbar arteries are in series with the intercostals. They are usually four in number on either side, and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrC&. A fifth pair, small in size, is occasionally present: they arise from the middle sacral artery. They run lateralward and backward on the bodies of the lumbar vertebrC&, behind the sympathetic trunk, to the intervals between the adjacent transverse processes, and are then continued into the abdominal wall. The arteries of the right side pass behind the inferior vena cava, and the upper two on each side run behind the corresponding crus of the diaphragm. The arteries of both sides pass beneath the tendinous arches which give origin to the Psoas major, and are then continued behind this muscle and the lumbar plexus. They now cross the Quadratus lumborum, the upper three arteries running behind, the last usually in front of the muscle. At the lateral border of the Quadratus lumborum they pierce the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis and are carried forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus. They anastomose with the lower intercostal, the subcostal, the iliolumbar, the deep iliac circumflex, and the inferior epigastric arteries.


left renal artery

Renal artery that supplies the left kidney.


inferior suprarenal artery

Each renal artery gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. [WP,unvetted].


Accessory Renal Artery

An additional renal artery originating from the aorta. Accessory renal arteries are found in 26-30% of humans.


superior suprarenal artery

Each (left and right) superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery on that side of the body. The left and right phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm, and come off the aorta. [WP,unvetted].


right common iliac artery

The common iliac artery situated on the right side of the body.


iliac artery

Any of the arteries that arise from a bifurcation of the aorta supplying the pelvic or abdomen. Examples: Common iliac artery, External iliac artery, Internal iliac artery.


Recurrent Breast Acinic Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of acinic cell breast carcinoma after a period of remission.


immunoskeletal dysplasia with neurodevelopmental abnormalities


cranial nodular fasciitis

A rare self-limiting, rapidly growing, non-encapsulated benign neoplasm that arises from the cranium. This is an osteolytic lesion. It is characterized by the presence of plump spindle-shaped fibroblasts, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, chronic inflammatory infiltrate, red blood cell extravasation, and high mitotic activity.


positive regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin catabolic process.


Stage V Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that affects both kidneys at the same time. The tumor in each kidney is staged separately (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Kv4.3-KChIP1 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.


type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site specific manner. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of a specific recognition site in the DNA which must be modified (e.g. methylated, hydroxymethylated, glucosyl-hydroxymethylated).


negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


negative regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


negative regulation of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity.


negative regulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.


negative regulation of exoribonuclease activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exoribonuclease activity.


negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation mediated by RNA polymerase I.


negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.


suppression by virus of host mRNA splicing

Any viral process that inhibits the splicing of host mRNA, thus reducing host protein production.


negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor catabolism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the catabolism of a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


negative regulation of termination of DNA-templated transcription

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-dependent transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.


negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nutrient levels

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.


negative regulation of DNA ligation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.


negative regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere.


negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


replication fork arrest at mating type locus

A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the mating type locus.


negative regulation of endoribonuclease activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


negative regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.


negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


negative regulation of reverse transcription

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reverse transcription.


negative regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of error-prone translesion synthesis.


negative regulation of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing

Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing. Suppression of recombination at replication forks is necessary to prevent template switching.


negative regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from late origin

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of firing from a late origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.


negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


negative regulation of telomere single strand break repair

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere single strand break repair.