melanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate + O2 = carnitine + CO2 + succinate.


renal urate salt excretion

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The elimination of urate salt or uric acid from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


modulation by host of viral RNA genome replication

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral RNA genome replication.


radial microtubular system formation

Formation of radial microtubular systems during male meiotic cytokinesis in plants.


asparagine biosynthetic process from cysteine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including cysteine.


mesonephric macula densa development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.


4-nitrotoluene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 4-nitrotoluene + NADH + O2 <=> 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol + NAD+ + H2O.


propionate metabolic process, methylmalonyl pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylmalonyl pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + peptide L-aspartate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an N4-(acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine residue in which the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue may be further glycosylated, to yield a (substituted) N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and the peptide containing an aspartic residue.


sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4 hydroquinone + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 4 H2O.


furaneol oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one + NADP <=> 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-methylenefuran-3-one + NADPH + H+.


NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose that proceeds in a stepwise fashion by ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity followed by cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase activity.


colanic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide.


mRNA guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + (5')pp-Pur-mRNA = diphosphate + G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA; G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA is mRNA containing a guanosine residue linked 5' through three phosphates to the 5' position of the terminal residue.


Catalysis of the reaction: [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase](acetyl form) + H2O = [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase](thiol form) + acetate.


metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


positive regulation of viral translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.


pancreatic PP cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose.


hypophysis formation

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The hypophysis is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


macrophage migration inhibitory factor production

The appearance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of cellobiose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.


sulfide oxidation, using sulfur dioxygenase

A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase.


alpha-1,3-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,3)]n = UDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,3)]n+1.


ventriculo bulbo valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the ventriculo bulbo valve is generated and organized.


response to propan-1-ol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a propan-1-ol stimulus.


serine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + L-serine <=> ethanolaminium(1+) + carbon dioxide.


sensory perception of low humidity

The series of events required for an organism to detect low environmental humidity, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


cellular response to biotin starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of biotin.


ligand-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ions by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


prolactin receptor activity

Combining with prolactin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


basophil chemotaxis

The movement of a basophil in response to an external stimulus.


ceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a ceramide = a sphingoid base + a fatty acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide = tetrahydrofolate + N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.


NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an NMDA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


5'-(N(7)-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho)-[mRNA] hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end (N7-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + N7-methyl-GDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + glucose = phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.


auxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


negative regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.


positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


benzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation.


photoreceptor cell axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


multivesicular body-lysosome fusion

The organelle membrane fusion process in which the membrane of a multivesicular body fuses with a lysosome to create a hybrid organelle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + NADP+ = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADPH.


protein localization to secretory granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule.


ganglioside GM1 binding

Binding to ganglioside GM1.


cyclohexanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 6-hexanolide + NADP+ + H2O.


fonsecin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fonsecin.


NK T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CoA.


1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol acyl-lipid omega-6 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


mevaldate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + acceptor = mevaldate + reduced acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NADP+ + H2O.


cellular response to rotenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rotenone stimulus.


response to arsenite(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol oxoanion + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> H+ + kaempferol-3-rhamnoside + UDP(3-).


disruption of anatomical structure in another organism

The disruption of the an anatomical structure of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that structure.


ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm.


23S rRNA (adenine(2030)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2030) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N(6)-methyladenine(2030) in 23S rRNA.


positive regulation of locomotor rhythm

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.


olfactory nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


negative regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.


protein-phycourobilin linkage via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine.


pyrokinin receptor activity

Combining with a pyrokinin and transmitting the signal within the cell to induce a change in cell activity. Pyrokinins are a group of insect neuropeptides that share the common C-terminal pentapeptide sequence Phe-X-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (X = S, T, K, A, or G). They play a central role in diverse physiological processes including stimulation of gut motility, production and release of sex pheromones, diapause, and pupariation.


Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.


regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is widely used as a herbicide, often as a weed killer for home lawns.


myo-inosose-2 dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone = 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione + H2O.


response to cycloalkane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.


permeabilization of host organelle membrane involved in viral entry into host cell

Induction of organellar membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with a viral capsid. Results in release of the virus contents from an organelle into the host cell cytoplasm.


mitotic anaphase B

The cell cycle phase during which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart as part of mitosis.


axonemal microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules.


diolein transacylation activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diolein + mono-olein = triolein + glycerol. Mono-olein, also known as mono-oleoylglycerol, is the monoglyceride formed from oleic acid, 9-octodecenoic acid; diolein is also known as dioleoylglycerol, and triolein as trioleoylglycerol and olein.


notum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal part of the body are generated and organized.


positive regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


pinocarveol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = carveol.


UCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCG codon.


positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


aplanospore formation

The process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.


establishment of cell polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


negative regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpNpG substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpNpG = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpNpG.


interleukin-9 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-9 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


primary adaptive immune response involving T cells and B cells

An adaptive immune response mediated by naive T or B cells against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.


ABC-type polyamine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + polyamine(out) = ADP + phosphate + polyamine(in).


positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.


positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


glycosinolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


phosphate acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + phosphate = CoA + acetyl phosphate.


3-deoxy-2-octulosonidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the beta-ketopyranosidic linkages of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate in capsular polysaccharides.


specification of distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


positive regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation.


infection cushion formation

The process in which an organized mass of hyphae is formed and numerous infective hyphae develop from the hyphae mass.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.


phosphonate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + phosphonate = 2 H+ + NADH + phosphate.


negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.


peptide pheromone receptor activity

Combining with a peptide pheromone, and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.


beta-agarase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in agarose, giving the tetramer as the predominant product.


negative regulation of male gonad development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.


imaginal disc fusion

The process following disc eversion whereby imaginal discs fuse with adjacent disc derivatives to form a continuous adult epidermis.


activating MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.


cysteine-type carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate = 2 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.


positive regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet.


regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


L-arabinose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arabinose from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabinose occurs free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers and in the combined states, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides, etc.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galacturonate + 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n) = 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n+1) + UDP.


somatic embryogenesis

Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes.


fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.


chimeric sorocarp development

Development of a sorocarp formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.


structural constituent of presynapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynapse.


acetyl CoA:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol = CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


response to hypochlorite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hypochlorite stimulus.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a plasmacytoid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


protein localization to septin ring

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a septin ring.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


suppression by virus of host intracellular interferon activity

Any viral process that results in the inhibition of interferon activity within the host cell.


nucleic acid binding

Binding to a nucleic acid.


positive regulation of pharyngeal pumping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping.


ethanolamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).


hexokinase-independent signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and independent of hexokinase.


enterochelin esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: enterobactin + 3 H2O = 3 N-23-dihydroxybenzoyl-L-serine + 3 H+.


positive regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramate + NADP+ = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H+.


galactose-6-sulfurylase activity

Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate from the D-galactose 6-sulfate residues of porphyran, producing 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues.


positive regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.


tRNA (m5U54) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to the C5 atom of the uridine residue at position 54 in a tRNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-lipopolysaccharide.


tetraterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.


L-tryptophan aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tryptophan to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


antimonite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other.


phenylacetyl-coenzyme A:glycine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + glycine <=> H+ + phenylacetylglycine + coenzyme A.


formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate cycle

The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the ribulose monophosphate cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria produce formaldehyde from the oxidation of methane and methanol, and then assimilate it via the ribulose monophosphate cycle to form intermediates of the central metabolic routes that are subsequently used for biosynthesis of cell material. Three molecules of formaldehyde are assimilated, forming a three-carbon intermediate of central metabolism; in this pathway, all cellular carbon is assimilated at the oxidation level of formaldehyde.


rRNA acetylation involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA

Any rRNA acetylation that is involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA.


somatic diversification of immunoglobulin genes by N region addition

The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. N regions are found at the V-D and D-J recombinational junctions.


AMP dimethylallyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + dimethylallyl diphosphate = N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


vacuole fission

The division of a vacuole within a cell to form two or more separate vacuoles.


negative regulation of cholesterol transporter activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.


Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-1,2-linkage.


Catalysis of the reaction: syringetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,3',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


short-term synaptic potentiation

The process by which synaptic transmission, induced by the arrival of a spike (action potential) at a synapse, acts to increase the amount of neurotransmitter released in response to the arrival of subsequent spikes. This effect is seen when a train of closely space spikes arrives at a synapse with a low initial release probability. It occurs in a timeframe of tens to hundreds of milliseconds.


evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell induced by the evoked release of many vesicles of excitatory neurotransmitter at the synapse.


O-butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a butyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose = L-glutamate + dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-galactose.


dormancy maintenance of symbiont in host

Any process in which a dormant state is maintained by the symbiont within the host organism.


quinate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinone = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-aldosyl1 beta-D-fructoside + D-aldose2 = D-aldose1 + alpha-D-aldosyl2 beta-D-fructoside.


gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 3-beta-hydroxy-gibberellin + succinate + CO2.


cellular response to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.


auxin efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, out of a cell.


(-)-borneol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-borneol + NAD+ = (1S,4S)-camphor + H+ + NADH.


site-specific DNA replication termination at RTS1 barrier

A DNA replication termination process that takes place at the RTS1 termination site in the mating type locus, in a specific direction required for subsequent imprinting and mating-type switching.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


mitotic cell cycle G1 arrest in response to pheromone

The cell cycle regulatory process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 as a result of a pheromone stimulus. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


cytoskeleton-mediated cell swimming

Cell motility in which contractile cytoskeletal elements alter cell shape, resulting in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.


styrene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid used in the manufacture of polystyrene.


steviol 19-O glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol + UDP + H+.


intracellular cobalt ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of cobalt ions within a cell.


programmed necrotic cell death in response to starvation

A programmed necrotic cell death occurring as a result of a starvation stimulus (deprivation of nourishment).


GTP diphosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = AMP + guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a gibberellin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a gibberellin methyl ester.


3-chloroacrylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chloroacrylic acid, ClHC=CHCOOH, a chlorinated derivative of acrylic acid.


regulation of defense response to oomycetes

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.


oscillatory muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within oscillatory skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Oscillatory muscle contraction occurs in insect wing muscles and is characterized by asynchrony between action potential and contraction and by stretch activation.


spine apparatus assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spine apparatus.


linolenate 9R-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-linolenate + O2 <=> (9R,10E,12Z,15Z)-9-hydroperoxyoctadeca-10,12,15-trienoate.


negative regulation of cellular pH reduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.


ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


gluconate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of gluconate from one side of a membrane to the other. Gluconate is the aldonic acid derived from glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + a quinone = 2-oxoglutarate + a quinol.


L-arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.


proboscis morphogenesis, labial disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the labial disc are generated and organized.


O-sinapoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


sulfite reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + 3 NADPH + 3 H+.


positive regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway.


ornithine catabolic process via proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, via the intermediate proline.


platelet rolling

Transient adhesive interactions between platelets and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating platelets bind selectins or other molecules on the vessel wall causing the platelets to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between surface molecules of platelets and endothelium.


polyamine deacetylation

The modification of acetylpolyamine by the removal of acetyl groups.


2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADH + H+.


regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


macrophage colony-stimulating factor production

The appearance of macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cerebellar molecular layer formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


response to host redox environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont organism or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the redox environment in host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


stress-induced homeostatically regulated protein degradation pathway

A stress-inducible protein catabolic pathway that promotes protein quality control by accelerating the degradation of misfolded ER membrane and cytosolic proteins, as well as native proteins. The pathway starts with the activation, by stress, of the Nma111p/Ynm3p serine protease, which cleaves the stress-induced hydrophilin Roq1p, resulting in the generation of a Roq1p cleavage product that selectively interacts with Ubr1p, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Interaction with the Ubr1p type-1 substrate binding site reprograms the substrate specificity of this ubiquitin ligase resulting in the selective proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded and native proteins. The pathway ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Currently, NMA111, ROQ1, UBR1, RAD6, and CDC48 are considered to be involved in this quality control pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


positive regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


growth plate cartilage axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the columnar cartilage along the axis of a long bone that contributes to bone growth.


negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine + UDP-D-galactose = H+ + psychosine + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + dihydrozeatin <=> H+ + dihydrozeatin-7-N-glucose + UDP.


squalene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + squalene = (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + H2O + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: chloramphenicol + acetyl-CoA = chloramphenicol 3-acetate + CoA.


regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway.


Nebenkern assembly

Fusion of mitochondria during insect spermatid differentiation to form two masses, which wrap around each other to form a densely packed sphere called the Nebenkern.


acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H+.


positive regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.


box C/D RNA binding

Binding to a box C/D small nucleolar RNA.


TMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


hydantoin racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-5-monosubstituted hydantoin = L-5-monosubstituted hydantoin.


sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.


regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in fused antrum stage

The ovulation cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the fused antrum stage of oogenesis.


telomeric repeat-containing RNA transcription

The synthesis of telomeric repeat-containing RNA from a DNA template. A telomere is a complex of DNA and proteins that seals the end of a chromosome.


regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.


Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + a 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


positive regulation of histamine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


suppression by virus of host mRNA export from nucleus

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the host organism.


induction of programmed cell death by ecdysone

Any process induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.


cytokine precursor processing

The cleavage of a peptide bond in a precursor form of a cytokine, resulting in the mature (active) form of the cytokine.


17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.


maintenance of protein location in T cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


specification of mesonephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules of the mesonephros acquire their identity.


peripheral tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction to self antigens in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


flavone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a flavone + succinate + CO2 + H2O.


inositol phosphorylceramide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-1-phosphatidyl-inositol + a dihydroceramide = an inositol phosphodihydroceramide + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.


apoptotic process

A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


catechol oxidase (dimerizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 catechol + 3 O2 = 2 dibenzo[1,4]dioxin-2,3-dione + 6 H2O.


regulation of age-related resistance

Any process that modulates the extent of age-related resistance.


ATP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ITP + NH3.


positive regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


beta-lactamase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid.


verruculogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving verruculogen.


cardiac muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.


sulfide oxidation, using sulfide dehydrogenase

A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide dehydrogenase.


parathion catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.


mitochondrial polycistronic RNA processing

The conversion of polycistronic RNA transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into mono- or bi-cistronic RNAs.


4-hydroxyindole-3- carbonyl nitrile biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyindole-3- carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic glucoside.


keratan sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.


positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and increasing the rate or extent of posterior neural plate formation.


carbon phosphorus lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alkylphosphonic acid = R-CH3 + phosphate. Substrates include aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (forms methylamine), dimethylphosphinic acid (forms methylphosphonic acid), glyphosate (forms sarcosine) and methylphosphonic acid (forms phosphate).


diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


gibberellin A4 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A4 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A4 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


maintenance of ER location

Any process in which the endoplasmic reticulum is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


positive regulation of laminaritriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the extent of cell adhesion contributing to the shaping of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + 2 H+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NH4.


detection of wounding

The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + stigmasterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-stigmasterol.


dorsal appendage formation

Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration.


dihydroceramide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a dihydroceramide = ADP + H+ + a dihydroceramide 1-phosphate.


limonoid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + limonin = glucosyl-limonin + UDP.


sphingolipid transfer activity

Removes a sphingolipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


ACC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACC codon.


response to paracetamol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paracetamol stimulus.


Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to aneuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


maleate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maleate = fumarate.


intracellular nucleoside homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nucleosides within a cell.


optomotor response

Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish.


establishment of localization in cell

Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.


T-helper 1 cell diapedesis

The passage of a T-helper 1 cell between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation. A T-helper 1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.


Catalysis of the reaction: protein-lysine + protein-lysine = protein N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine + protein. This reaction is the addition of lysine group from one protein to a lysine residue in a second protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine.


negative regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


UUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUU codon.


arylsulfate sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aryl sulfate + a phenol = a phenol + an aryl sulfate.


maturation of 5S rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule.


intracellular chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride across the membrane of an intracellular compartment. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.


cell-cell fusion

A cellular process in which two or more cells combine together, their plasma membrane fusing, producing a single cell. In some cases, nuclei fuse, producing a polyploid cell, while in other cases, nuclei remain separate, producing a syncytium.


bacteriocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


peptide cross-linking via 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid

The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to a glutamic acid residue to form 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid.


emodin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emodin.


sterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-alpha-cholest-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylene-5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.


regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-sandaracopimaradien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> oryzalexin D + NADP + H2O.


induction by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host NF-kappaB-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.


regulation of Hulle cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.


arylformamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = formate + L-kynurenine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + taxiphyllin + UDP.


somatic diversification of immune receptors via alternate splicing

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through alternate splicing.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 bilirubin-glucuronoside = bilirubin + bilirubin-bisglucuronoside.


dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+.


sensory perception of humidity

The series of events required for an organism to detect some level of humidity in its environment, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


floral organ formation

The process that gives rise to floral organs. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


post-embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.


sterol 14-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 14alpha-methyl steroid + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = a delta14 steroid + formate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


riboflavin reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NAD(P)+ = riboflavin + NAD(P)H + 2 H+. This reaction can utilize NADH and NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ = 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


tyrosinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + O2 = L-DOPAquinone + H2O. This reaction can use both monophenols (such as tyrosine) and catechols (o-diphenols) as substrates.


low-affinity IgM receptor activity

Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


glutathione S-conjugate carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a glutathione-toxin conjugate <=> glycine + a [Glu-Cys]-S-conjugate.


regulation of Ran protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.


6-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 6-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell fate commitment

The commitment of neural crest cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.


spinal cord association neuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an association neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


ulvan lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in ulvan, a carbohydrate composed of a repeating structure of [->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1,4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1->4)-alpha-L-IdoA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1-]n. Continued digest of ulvan with an enzyme that can catalyze this reaction results in ulvanobiouronic acid A 3-sulfate [->4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3-sulfate-(1-]n with 4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid at the non-reducing end.


negative regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.


tRNA 5'-leader removal

Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P.


negative regulation of sclerotium development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.


cellular response to trichodermin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.


neuroblast division in dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence

The division of neuroblasts in the dorsal region of the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells give rise to embryonic interneuron precursors that will migrate tangentially to the olfactory bulb.


mesonephric renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mesonephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-keto-nona-2,4-dienedioate.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat modifying activity

A catalytic activity that acts on the RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS). Reversible modifications cof the RNA polymerase II CTD repeats contribute to regulation of RNA polymerase activity.


response to zinc ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of zinc ion.


peptidyl-threonine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-threonine.


3-HSA hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


effector-mediated induction of cell cycle reactivation in host

A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont reactivates the host cell cycle, resulting in DNA synthesis and host cell division, and contributing to vegetative tumor formation.


tectobulbar tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the optic tectum towards target cells in the premotor reticulospinal system in the hindbrain.


cholate 12-alpha dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NADP+ = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADPH.


lipoprotein biosynthetic process via diacylglyceryl transfer

The chemical reactions and pathways by which diacylglyceryl transfer leads to formation of a water-soluble protein-lipid complex.


detection of ethylene stimulus

The series of events in which an ethylene (ethene) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


ciliary vesicle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary vesicle. Multiple smaller vesicles dock to the transitional fibers on a mature basal body and then fuse together to form a larger single vesicle. This then fuses with the plasma membrane and forms the ciliary membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + CTP = CDP-ribitol + diphosphate.


peptide cross-linking via glycine thiazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


octopamine dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH4.


galactose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-hexodialdose + hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.


long-day photoperiodism, flowering

A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that exceeds the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + prephytoene diphosphate.


cellular response to phylloquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.


glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NADP+ = glycerone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylnaphthalene + NADH + O2 + H+ = 2-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.


regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.


resolution phase response

An active host response phase of acute inflammation driven by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and signaling pathways, enabling timely tissue regeneration and return of function.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by stress relaxation

The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from stress relaxation that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Stress relaxation is the adaptation of vessels to a new size as a result of changes in pressure in storage areas such as veins, the liver, the spleen, and the lungs.


radial pattern formation

The regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.


positive regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


effector-mediated modulation of host process by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a host structure or process. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrocatechol + O2 + 4 e- + 3 H+ = H2O + nitrite + 1,2,4-benzenetriol.


G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor activity

Combining with a chemorepellent and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-7-O(or 9-O)-acetylneuraminate + CoA.


3'-O-methyltricetin O methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-O-methyltricetin = H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin.


cellular response to catechin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.


positive regulation of optic nerve formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.


amino acid ligation activity by nonribosomal peptide synthase

Catalysis of the ligation of an amino acid to another amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate, carried out by a nonribosomal peptide synthase.


protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxylysine

The glycosylation of protein via the O5 atom of peptidyl-hydroxylysine, forming O5-glycosyl-L-hydroxylysine; the most common form is galactosyl hydroxylysine.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.


benzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + benzoate + CoA = AMP + benzoyl-CoA + diphosphate.


norepinephrine-epinephrine catabolic process in blood stream

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine or epinephrine in the bloodstream.


cinnamate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropanoate + NAD+ = (E)-cinnamate + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.


transcription open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


cerebellar basket cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar basket cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar basket cell fate. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


uracil dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + acceptor = barbiturate + reduced acceptor.


keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.


negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


saponin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.


abscisic acid glucose ester beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: abscisic acid glucose ester + H2O = abscisic acid + beta-D-glucose.


oviduct morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the oviduct are generated and organized. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.


alanopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2'-iminodipropanoate + H2O + NAD+ = L-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


ceramide transfer activity

Removes a ceramide from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


(25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate binding

Binding to (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate.


subpallium cell proliferation in forebrain

The multiplication or reproduction of subpallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


rRNA acetylation

The modification of rRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to rRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.


Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide.


disruption by symbiont of host cell-cell adhesion

The process by which a symbiont disupts cell-cell adhesion in its host.


negative regulation of turning behavior involved in mating

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.


neoxanthin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-violaxanthin = all-trans-neoxanthin.


chaeta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.


reduced coenzyme F420:quinone oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone = coenzyme F420 + reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is also known as 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-hydronaphthoquinone.


GTP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-RNA.


CoB--CoM heterodisulfide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.


The formylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-formylproline.


protoheme IX farnesyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme IX + (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = heme O + diphosphate.


negative regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


mesonephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus.


agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation with cellular fusion of a unicellular organism. An example of this process is agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


sequestering of mercury

The process of binding or confining toxic mercury ions or atoms such that they are separated from sensitive components of a biological system.


phenylmercury acetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.


[tyrosine 3-monooxygenase] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [tyrosine-3-monooxygenase] = ADP + phospho-[tyrosine-3-monooxygenase].


inferior olivary nucleus maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the inferior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


regulation of flocculation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.


pyridoxal oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal + H2O + O2 = 4-pyridoxate + hydrogen peroxide.


AUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUA codon.


trichloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2,6,7-trihydroxybenzothiazole.


positive regulation of heart looping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.


prephenate(2-) biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prephenate(2-).


NADPH dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + acceptor = NADP+ + reduced acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-8-methylthiooctanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(6'-methylthio)hexylmalate + coenzyme A.


acetoacetyl-ACP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein] <=> acetoacetyl-ACP + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


dTDP-mannose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


maintenance of secretory granule location

Any process in which a secretory granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


2-hydroxyeriodictyol 6C-glucoside dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol <=> isoorientin + H2O.


positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


phosphate:acyl-[acyl carrier protein] acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + orthophosphate = acyl phosphate + [acyl-carrier protein].


multiple spine synapse organization, multiple dendrites

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and two or more dendritic spines protruding either from a single dendrite or from multiple dendrites.


pentanamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + pentanamide = NH4 + valerate.


tRNA m2,2-guanine biosynthesis

The process whereby a guanine residue in a transfer RNA is methylated twice at the N2 position.


negative regulation of xylan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.


negative regulation of endodermal cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an endoderm cell.


otolith mineralization

The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.


solanapyrone synthase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of double bonds in prosolanapyrone II to form (-)-solanapyrone A.


ATPase-coupled monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monocarboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + monocarboxylic acid(in/out).


snRNA modification guide activity

Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an snRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


efferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


GPCR taste receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of taste.


negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.


H2O + L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD+ = 2 H+ + L-glutamate + NADH.


dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a dendritic cell.


phytanate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phytanate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + phytanoyl-CoA.


positive regulation of nutrient release by host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


interleukin-5 production

The appearance of interleukin-5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cleavage of bicistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-rRNAs originally produced as a bicistronic rRNA transcript that contains the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with two genes in this order are produced in Archaeal species.


palmitic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmitic acid.


defense response by callose deposition in cell wall

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


positive regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.


leucoanthocyanidin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids.


B-1b B cell differentiation

The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1b B cells. B-1b B cells are B-1 cells that do not express CD5.


mannose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA + H+.


bisphenol A hydroxylase B activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol + NAD+ + H2O.


lipoprotein lipid oxidation

The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.


glycine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + H2O + NH4 + thioredoxin disulfide = glycine + H+ + phosphate + thioredoxin.


negative regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


D-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + O2 + H2O = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


specification of mesonephric distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.


positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


regulation of ERK5 cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.


negative regulation of monocyte extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.


cellotetraose binding

Binding to a cellotetraose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


trinitrophenol dihydride denitratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form) = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + NO2. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP and dinitrophenol is also known as DNP.


positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate.


alcohol O-decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: decanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a decyl ester.


positive regulation of metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.


cellulose binding

Binding to cellulose.


isoprenoid biosynthetic process via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.


cellular response to iron(III) ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.


negative regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


tRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

The process whereby a guanine in a tRNA is methylated at the N7 position of guanine.


sequestering of copper ion

The process of binding or confining copper ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


pentose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pentose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pentose is a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms.


positive regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + sinapoyl-CoA = CoA + sinapoyltartronate.


D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NAD+ = D-xylonolactone + NADH.


methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.


UDP-glucose:curcumin monoglucoside glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + curcumin monoglucoside = H+ + curcumin diglucoside + UDP.


positive regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.


establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.


positive regulation of serotonin uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.


sepal formation

The process that gives rise to the sepal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


muramyl dipeptide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + muramyl dipeptide = ADP + H(+) + 6-O-phospho-muramyl dipeptide.


ferric-enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric-enterobactin from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-carboxyvinyl carboxyphosphonate = 3-(hydrohydroxyphosphoryl)pyruvate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + N-acetylaminoglycoside.


specification of proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


clearance of cells from fusion plate

The morphogenetic process in which cells are removed from the inner loop of a semicircular canal.


negative regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.


nitronate monooxygenase (FMN-linked) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethylnitronate + FMNH(2) + O2 = acetaldehyde + FMN + H2O + H+ + nitrite.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF3 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of host IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3). IRF3 is a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF3, which allows IRF3 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.


Catalysis of the reaction:H2O + N(6)-propanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 3''-O-propanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


response to high light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.


5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ATP + bicarbonate = 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxysterol + triacylglycerol = a 3-beta-hydroxysterol ester + 1,2-diacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-dephospho-CoA = 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA + adenine.


phenanthrene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: taurine + 2-oxoglutarate = sulfoacetaldehyde + L-glutamate.


TMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a long-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. A long-chain aldehyde is one with more than 12 carbons.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH(2-) <=> 4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) + H2O.


very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = a very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.


proximal/distal pattern formation, imaginal disc

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.


questin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + questin = demethylsulochrin + NADP+.


senecionine N-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + senecionine = H2O + NADP+ + senecionine N-oxide.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


cellular detoxification of sulfide

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a sulfide. These may include chemical modification or transport of sulfide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal epinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.


oxaloacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oxaloacetate = acetate + H+ + oxalate.


peptidyl-glutamate ADP-deribosylation

The removal of ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylglutamate.


N-terminal peptidyl-leucine methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal leucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-leucine.


alkane transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of alkanes from one side of a membrane to the other. Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.


peptidyl-cysteine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-phospho-L-cysteine.


mesonephric smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


tricellular tight junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a tricellular tight junction into its constituent components.


Catalysis of the reaction: ceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylceramide + UDP.


glycerophosphate shuttle

The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde + H+ = 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde + CO2.


beta-galactofuranosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactofuranosides, releasing galactose.


isofucosterol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + isofucosterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22alpha)-hydroxy-isofucosterol + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


delta-carotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving delta-carotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hygromycin B = 7''-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP + 2 H+.


demethoxycurcumin synthase

Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O <=> bisdemethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


protein-N6-(L-lysyl)-L-lysine modification to protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine

The modification of an N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine residue in a protein, producing protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine ((2S)-2-amino-6-([(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid). This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


carotenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.


hexuronate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexuronate(out) + cation(out) = hexuronate(in) + cation(in). The hexuronate may be glucuronate or galacturonate.


regulation of adaptive immune effector response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.


cholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NAD+ = 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADH.


peripheral T cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of T cells in the periphery, in this case, any location in the body other than the thymus.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + orotate.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


xylitol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + xylitol = ADP + 2 H+ + xylitol 5-phosphate.


gibberellin A20,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A29 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body

A process in which telomerase RNA (TERC) is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.


clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, plasma membrane to endosome targeting

The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the plasma membrane to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.


lactone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactone.


flurbiprofen binding

Binding to flurbiprofen.


ATP-dependent H3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity

A histone chaperone that carries a H3-H4 histone complex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.