B cell receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

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Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


psychologic dyspareunia

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Painful or difficult coitus.


Depressive Symptoms

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myosin light chain kinase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-light-chain = ADP + myosin-light-chain phosphate.


negative regulation of protein targeting to membrane

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.


acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acylglycerol molecule.


cellular response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.


histone lysine demethylation

The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from a lysine residue.


regulation of lamellipodium assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.


activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.


Adipose Tissue Atrophy

Shrinking of adipose tissue.


regulation of intracellular pH

Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.


retinal artery occlusion

An occlusion of the retinal artery.


breast abscess

A breast disease characterized by a collection of pus in the breast.


piRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional piRNA. piRNAs (Piwi-associated RNAs) are a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNAs derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


vitamin B deficiency

A condition due to deficiency in any member of the vitamin B complex. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.


pulmonary fibrosis

Chronic progressive interstitial lung disorder characterized by the replacement of the lung tissue by connective tissue, leading to progressive dyspnea, respiratory failure, or right heart failure. Causes include chronic inflammatory processes, exposure to environmental irritants, radiation therapy, autoimmune disorders, certain drugs, or it may be idiopathic (no identifiable cause).


regulation of synapse maturation

Any process that modulates the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + hydrogencarbonate + NH4+ = 2 ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + 2 H+ + phosphate.


positive regulation of inclusion body assembly

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.


eating behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.


carnitine transmembrane transport

The directed movement of carnitine across a membrane.


translational readthrough

The continuation of translation beyond a stop codon by the use of a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG and UGA codons as modified amino acids, rather than as termination codons.


epiphyseal plate

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A hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line.


sesquiterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.


limb bud formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.


Gastrointestinal ulcer

A deep defect in the esophageal, gastric, duodenal or intestinal wall involving the entire mucosal thickness and penetrating through the muscularis mucosae.


l-Isoleucine

The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.


serositis

Inflammation of a serous membrane.


thymus cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the thymus. This category includes malignant thymomas, thymic lymphomas, primary thymic carcinomas, and metastatic carcinomas from other anatomic sites.


alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


Babinski sign

Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.


spinal cord cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the spinal cord. Representative examples include lymphoma, melanoma, and sarcoma.


arachnoid mater

A think avascular meningeal layer, between the pia mater and the dural mater. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space.


Pyrazinamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.


cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


retinoic acid binding

Binding to retinoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


Pustule

A small elevation of the skin containing cloudy or purulent material usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells.


oxaloacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, an important intermediate in metabolism, especially as a component of the TCA cycle.


Cefamandole

A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.


fibroblast growth factor binding

Binding to a fibroblast growth factor.


prostanoid receptor activity

Combining with a prostanoid, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure, to initiate a change in cell activity.


transcription factor TFIIH holo complex

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A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.


regulation of chondrocyte development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


melanosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.


response to bisphenol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus.


G protein-coupled purinergic receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular purine or purine derivative binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, heme protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a heme protein.


cellular response to acidic pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


Sulfamoxole

A sulfonamide antibiotic in which 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazol-2-amine have combined to form the sulfonamide bond.


protein localization to cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium.


Skin Irritation

A mild inflammatory dermal tissue reaction; it can be caused by physical contact with an irritant or can be a local response to a systemic trigger.


disorder of ear

A disease that involves the ear.


regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.


pH reduction

Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


club cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a club cell. A club cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles.


peptidase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a peptidase.


positive regulation of protein oligomerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.


succinate dehydrogenase complex

A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind or react with quinones.


dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized.


loop of Henle

The section of the renal tubule in the kidney medulla with a hairpin bend; consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb, and is situated between the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule; it functions to reabsorb water and ions from the urine.


glycosphingolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


vesicle transport along actin filament

Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.


determination of adult lifespan

The pathways that regulate the duration of the adult phase of the life-cycle of an animal.


neuromuscular process controlling posture

Any process in which an organism voluntarily modulates its posture, the alignment of its anatomical parts.


regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


temperature homeostasis

A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.


Hematoma

A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel.


nucleoside transport

The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Lumiracoxib

An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.


cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity

cNMP-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


defense response to fungus

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.


anterior/posterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


Alkalosis

Depletion of acid or accumulation base in the body fluids.


regulation of acrosome reaction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.


positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


aromatic amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


mitochondrial pyruvate transmembrane transport

The process in which pyruvate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.


nucleobase transport

The directed movement of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


detection of hexose stimulus

The series of events in which a stimulus from a hexose is received and converted into a molecular signal.


mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.


tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between a DNA topoisomerase and DNA.


L-serine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.


Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis is defined as a disease state where the pH is elevated to greater than 7.45 secondary to some metabolic process.


Bcl-2 family protein complex

A protein complex that consists of members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators. Bcl-2 proteins respond to cues from various forms of intracellular stress, such as DNA damage or cytokine deprivation, and interact with opposing family members to determine whether or not the caspase proteolytic cascade should be unleashed.


cellular response to glucagon stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.


viral budding via host ESCRT complex

Viral budding which uses a host ESCRT protein complex, or complexes, to mediate the budding process.


positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


Neutrophilic dermatosis

A type of dermatosis characterized by dense infiltration of neutrophils in the skin without evidence of infection or vasculitis. It may be secondary to an underlying systemic illness.


carbonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O.


phosphotransferase activity, for other substituted phosphate groups

Catalysis of the transfer of a substituted phosphate group, other than diphosphate or nucleotidyl residues, from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).


An adenosine 5'-phosphate in which the 5'-phosphate is a triphosphate group. It is involved in the transportation of chemical energy during metabolic pathways.


ascariasis

An infection that is caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, many cases of which remain asymptomatic. During the transient larval migratory phase, shortness of breath, fever, and eosinophilia can occur. Depending on the intestinal worm burden, a spectrum of gastrointestinal tract symptoms can occur.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuron projection guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in neuron projection guidance.


regulation of vacuole organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


adenyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Binds to and stimulates the hydrolysis and exchange of adenyl nucleotides by other proteins.


opiate dependence

Disorders related or resulting from abuse or mis-use of opioids.


Set1C/COMPASS complex

A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30.


pulmonary valve development

The progression of the pulmonary valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


axon midline choice point recognition

The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline.


regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.


positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


Miosis

Abnormal (non-physiological) constriction of the pupil.


cardiomyopathy

A disease of the heart muscle or myocardium proper. Cardiomyopathies may be classified as either primary or secondary, on the basis of etiology, or on the pathophysiology of the lesion: hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive.


pyrimidine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


positive regulation of chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.


Premature atrial contractions

A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature atrial contractions or beats caused by signals originating from ectopic atrial sites.


Hematochezia

The passage of fresh (red) blood per anus, usually in or with stools. Most rectal bleeding comes from the colon, rectum, or anus.


Alcaftadine

An imidazobenzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][3]benzazepine substituted at position 3 by a formyl group and at position 11 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. An antihistamine used for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.


Red eye

A reddish appearance over the white part (sclera) of the eye ranging from a few enlarged blood vessels appearing as wiggly lines over the sclera to a bright red color completely covering to sclera.


secretion of lacrimal gland

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Aqueous substance secreted by the lacrimal gland.


Hydrocodone

A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.


Metatarsal fracture

A partial or complete breakage of a metatarsal bone.


hordeolum

An acute, localized swelling of the eyelid that may be external or internal and usually is a pyogenic (typically staphylococcal) infection or abscess.


development of secondary female sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In female humans, these include growth of axillary and pubic hair, breast development and menstrual periods. Their development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.


endodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.


vas deferens

A secretory duct that transports sperm from the testis. In mammals this is a continuation of the epididymis and ends in the prostatic urethra where it terminates to form ejaculatory duct.


Notch signaling involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


Hemianopia

Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes.


Docosanol

A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


somatic stem cell division

The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.


lipid kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a simple or complex lipid.


corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding

Binding to a receptor for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland.


peripheral nervous system neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.


regulation of phospholipase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that reduces the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.


calcitonin receptor activity

Combining with calcitonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cellular response to vasopressin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.


leukocyte homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


histone acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone = CoA + acetyl-histone.


acyltransferase activity, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor), with the acyl group being converted into alkyl on transfer.


R-SMAD binding

Binding to a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + phosphorylated RNA polymerase II.


Hyperammonemia

An increased concentration of ammonia in the blood.


Citrulline

The L-enantiomer of citrulline.


Glutathione

A tripeptide compound consisting of glutamic acid attached via its side chain to the N-terminus of cysteinylglycine.


negative regulation of B cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.


striated muscle adaptation

Any process in which striated muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


negative regulation of protein activation cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein activation cascade.


acute liver failure

Rapid deterioration of liver function causing encephalopathy and coagulopathy. It results from damage to the liver parenchyma usually secondary to acetaminophen overdose or viral infections.


adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to an adrenergic receptor.


nephrotic syndrome

A collection of symptoms that include severe edema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia; it is indicative of renal dysfunction.


Bronchoconstriction

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somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


regulation of axon extension

Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.


glutamate receptor activity

Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


replisome

A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.


adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


cardiac cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.


avascular necrosis

Necrotic changes in the bone tissue due to interruption of blood supply. Most often affecting the epiphysis of the long bones, the necrotic changes result in the collapse and the destruction of the bone structure.


purinergic nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Creutzfeldt Jacob disease

A rare transmittable degenerative disorder of the brain caused by prions. Morphologically it is characterized by spongiform degeneration of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex. Signs and symptoms include sleep disturbances, personality changes, aphasia, ataxia, muscle atrophy and weakness, visual loss, and myoclonus. It usually leads to death within a year from the onset of the disease.


cellular extravasation

The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


Risus sardonicus

Fixed sarcastic grimace and anxious expression. Caused by spasms of the masseter and other facial muscles.


Enlargement abdomen

Increasing girth of the mid section of an individual.


nuclear inclusion body

An intranuclear focus at which aggregated proteins have been sequestered.


lung smooth muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of organic acid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Respiratory acidosis

Acidosis because of respiratory retention of carbon dioxide.


dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a type of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by evocative skin lesions and symmetrical proximal muscle weakness.


DNA-templated transcription termination

The completion of transcription: the RNA polymerase pauses, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, followed by the release of the RNA polymerase from its DNA template.


protein kinase C inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of protein kinase C, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


positive regulation of phosphatase activity

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.


Betazole

Pyrazole in which a hydrogen adjacent to one of the nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is a histamine H2-receptor agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.


Cephradine

A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.


RNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an RNA molecule.


cloacal septation

The separation of the single opening of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, the cloaca, into multiple isolated openings during development.


diol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diol, a compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic.


Talipes

A deformity of foot and ankle that has different subtypes that are talipes equinovarus, talipes equinovalgus, talipes calcaneovarus and talipes calcaneovalgus.


retinal cone cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell.


protein mannosylation

The addition of a mannose residue to a protein acceptor molecule.


cell proliferation in forebrain

The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells.


cellular ketone body metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism.


killing by host of symbiont cells

Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of protein acetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.


positive regulation of membrane depolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization.


regulation of monocyte extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.


epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen scrotum; pain; pyuria; and fever. It is usually related to infections in the urinary tract, which likely spread to the epididymis through either the vas deferens or the lymphatics of the spermatic cord.


benign neoplasm of skin

A benign neoplasm that involves the zone of skin.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced pteridine and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


uremia

A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of renal insufficiency. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen catabolism, such as urea or creatinine. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.


Lactulose

A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.


glucose transmembrane transport

The process in which glucose is transported across a membrane.


cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity

Cyclin-dependent catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


modulation of microtubule cytoskeleton involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

Rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that contribute to the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.


nonhomologous end joining complex

A protein complex that plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Such complexes typically contain a specialized DNA ligase (e.g. Lig4 in eukaryotes) and one or more proteins that bind to DNA ends.


Ticarcillin

A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.


secretory granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


ovarian disorder

A disease involving the ovary.


regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


pericarditis

An inflammatory process affecting the pericardium.


cell cycle G2/M phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell in G2 phase commits to M phase.


calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + K+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + K+(out) + Na+(in).


positive regulation of B cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


negative regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.


Abnormal hemoglobin

Anomaly in the level or the function of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein of erythrocytes.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


Dimercaprol

A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.


excretion

The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.


glycine binding

Binding to glycine, aminoethanoic acid.


positive regulation of metanephros development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


apolipoprotein A-I receptor activity

Combining with an apolipoprotein A-I receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


peptic ulcer disease

A digestive system disease characterized by discontinuation in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract because of gastric acid secretion or pepsin.


epidermis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


quadriplegia

Paralysis of all four limbs.


embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, in which the anatomical structures of a skeletal limb joint are generated and organized. A skeletal limb joint is the connecting structure between the bones of a limb.


stem cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


recurrent pneumonia

Infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (atypical mycobacteria): M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. flavescens, M. gordonae, M. obuense, M. gilvum, M. duvali, M. szulgai, M. intracellulare (see mycobacterium avium complex;), M. xenopi (littorale), M. ulcerans, M. buruli, M. terrae, M. fortuitum (minetti, giae), M. chelonae.


regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


cellular response to electrical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.


fatty acid beta-oxidation

A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


renal system vasculature development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of vasculature of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of protein maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.


Behavior showing increased motor activity


aphasia

A language disorder that involves an acquired impairment of any laguage modality such as producting or comprehending spoken or written language.


glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of glucose or a glucose derivative.


respiratory chain complex IV assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms.


mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mannosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of mannose or a mannose derivative.


protein retention in ER lumen

The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER.


Productive cough

A cough that produces phlegm or mucus.


positive regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity.


seasonal allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis caused by outdoor allergens.


mRNA 5'-UTR binding

Binding to an mRNA molecule at its 5' untranslated region.


mRNA 5'-splice site recognition

Recognition of the intron 5'-splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.


tRNA binding

Binding to a transfer RNA.


intercellular canaliculus

An extremely narrow tubular channel located between adjacent cells. An instance of this is the secretory canaliculi occurring between adjacent parietal cells in the gastric mucosa of vertebrates.


ADP-ribose diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribose + H2O = AMP + D-ribose 5-phosphate.


negative regulation of RNA splicing

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing.


striated muscle myosin thick filament

Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils.


SUMO transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y = Y-SUMO + X, where both X-SUMO and Y-SUMO are covalent linkages.


regulation of chemokine production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.


L-ascorbic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.


female genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.


regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.


salivary gland disorder

A disease involving the saliva-secreting gland.


regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = a polynucleotide + phosphate. Hydrolyzes the free 3'-phosphate resulting from single strand breaks in DNA due to oxidative damage.


positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine.


misfolded protein binding

Binding to a misfolded protein.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.


radiodermatitis

A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to biologically effective levels of ionizing radiation.


Papular Lesion

A small (less than 5-10 mm) elevation of skin that is non-suppurative.


regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.


potassium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions within an organism or cell.


Phonophobia

An abnormally heightened sensitivity to loud sounds.


bile duct carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the bile duct


ubiquinone binding

Binding to ubiquinone, a quinone derivative with a tail of isoprene units.


positive regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.


symbiont intracellular protein transport in host

The directed movement of a symbiont's proteins within a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


notochord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.


cellular senescence

A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.


zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of zinc (Zn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside diphosphate = ADP + nucleoside triphosphate.


vulvovaginal candidiasis

Infection of the vulva and vagina with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is a disease associated with HIV infection.


toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding of a heterodimeric TLR6:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


osteoblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone.


intraciliary transport particle

A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules.


intellectual disability

A broad category of disorders characterized by an impairment to the intelligence an individual possesses. These impairments can result from trauma, birth, or disease and are not restricted to any particular age group.


VCB complex

A protein complex that possesses ubiquitin ligase activity; the complex is usually pentameric; for example, in mammals the subunits are pVHL, elongin B, elongin C, cullin-2 (Cul2), and Rbx1.


negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.


detoxification of copper ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ion. These include transport of copper away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of copper ion.


Viremia

The presence of virus in the blood.


amino-acid betaine transport

The directed movement of betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


melanosome transport

The directed movement of melanosomes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of ATP metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process.


diet induced thermogenesis

The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signalling in the sympathetic nervous system.


choroiditis

An inflammatory process that affects the choroid.


phospholipase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidate.


sphingosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.


Methocarbamol

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The V1 complex consists of: (1) a globular headpiece with three alternating copies of subunits A and B that form a ring, (2) a central rotational stalk composed of single copies of subunits D and F, and (3) a peripheral stalk made of subunits C, E, G and H. Subunits A and B mediate the hydrolysis of ATP at three reaction sites associated with subunit A.


myelin assembly

The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon in the central or peripheral nervous system.


luteinization

The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation.


nerve growth factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by nerve growth factor (NGF) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Vaginal Pain

A painful sensation in the vagina.


cranial nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


bone marrow development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Trimethadione

An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.


JNK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.


positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


tendon cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tendon cell. Tendon cell are elongated fibrocytes in which the cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. Tendon cells have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance.


DNA-templated DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

A DNA metabolic process that prevents or corrects errors to ensure that DNA is replicated accurately. Errors can be corrected either by intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding

Binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4E, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.


protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome.


low-density lipoprotein particle

A lipoprotein particle, rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides that is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. LDL particles are formed from VLDL particles (via IDL) by the loss of triglyceride and gain of cholesterol ester. They transport endogenous cholesterol (and to some extent triglycerides) from peripheral tissues back to the liver.


positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.


positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.


Theobromine

A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.


regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition

Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle.


negative regulation of hair cycle

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


sebaceous gland

A holocrine gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles, or in hairless areas into ducts.[MP].


Pleuritic chest pain

Pleuritic chest pain is characterized by sudden and intense sharp, stabbing, or burning pain in the chest when inhaling and exhaling.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis.


C3HC4-type RING finger domain binding

Binding to a C3HC4-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C3HC4-type zinc finger is a variant of RING finger, is a cysteine-rich domain of 40 to 60 residues that coordinates two zinc ions, and has the consensus sequence: C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C, where X is any amino acid. Many proteins containing a C3HC4-type RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.


cervical dystonia

Cervical dystonia is a neurological condition characterized by excessive pulling of the muscles of the neck and shoulder resulting in abnormal movements of the head (dystonia).Most commonly, the head turns to one side or the other.Tilting sideways, or to the back or front may also occur.The turning or tilting movements may be accompanied by shaking movement (tremor) and/or soreness of the muscles of the neck and shoulders.Cervical dystonia can occur at any age, but most cases occur in middle age. It often begins slowly and usually reaches a plateau over a few months or years. The cause of cervical dystonia is often unknown. In some cases there is a family history. Several genes have been associated with cervical dystonia, including GNAL, THAP1, CIZ1, and ANO3. Other cases may be linked to an underlying disease (e.g. Parkinson disease), neck trauma, or certain medications. Treatment may include local injections of botulinum toxin, pain medications, benzodiazepines (anti-anxiety medications), anticholinergics,physical therapy, or surgery.


keratan sulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


cell fate specification involved in pattern specification

The process involved in the specification of the identity of a cell in a field of cells that is being instructed as to how to differentiate. Once specification has taken place, that cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


protein urmylation

Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein URM1 to another protein.


cell junction maintenance

The organization process that preserves a cell junction in a stable functional or structural state. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


Retigabine

A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An  anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.


monocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.


hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron over time, from initial commitment of its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


canonical inflammasome complex

A cytosolic protein complex that is capable of activating caspase-1.


auditory receptor cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of auditory hair cells is acquired and determined.


Fever of Unknown Origin

A febrile process with an etiology that is not apparent or yet determined.


reflex

An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


Butalbital

A member of the class of  barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.


ureteric bud elongation

The developmental growth in which the ureteric bud grows along its axis beginning with the growth of the primary ureteric bud and ending when the branches of the bud have elongated.


cellular response to mycophenolic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.


Transfusion Reaction

Adverse events associated with the transfusion of whole blood or one of its components, most commonly a hemolytic reaction to cross-typed blood.


C2H2 zinc finger domain binding

Binding to a C2H2-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C2H2 zinc finger is the classical zinc finger domain, in which two conserved cysteines and histidines co-ordinate a zinc ion.


chromosome localization

Any process in which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


Thromboembolism

The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel that subsequently travels through the blood stream from the site where it formed to another location in the body, generally leading to vascular occlusion at the distant site.


response to nerve growth factor

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.


cerebellar disorder

Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, gait ataxia, and muscle hypotonia.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


cell proliferation in hindbrain

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain.


regulation of astrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of interleukin-1 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.


atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized.


positive regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region.


defense response to nematode

A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes, which results in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I.


Dermatochalasis

Loss of elasticity of the upper and lower eyelids causing the skin to sag and bulge.


premenstrual tension

A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of pms are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.


miRNA binding

Binding to a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes.


regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.


regulation of fermentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation, the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, resulting in energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


S-adenosyl-L-methionine

A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.


benign prostatic hyperplasia

A non-cancerous nodular enlargement of the prostate gland. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial cell nodules, and stromal nodules containing fibrous and smooth muscle elements. It is the most common urologic disorder in men, causing blockage of urine flow.


regulation of fat cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.


positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


negative regulation of ERBB signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.


syndecan binding

Binding to syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan (250-300 kDa) associated largely with epithelial cells.


negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.


Tolazoline

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.


RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.


lymphoma

A malignant (clonal) proliferation of B- lymphocytes or T- lymphocytes which involves the lymph nodes, bone marrow and/or extranodal sites. This category includes Non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphomas.


vitiligo

Generalized well circumscribed patches of leukoderma that are generally distributed over symmetric body locations and is due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes.


Febrile Neutropenia

Neutropenia associated with fever, the latter indicating the presence of an infection.


blepharospasm

Involuntary twitching of the eyelid.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.


Adenosine Phosphate

A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.


mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding

Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.


protein K63-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.


nitric oxide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.


glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a glutamate receptor.


positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


Glanzmann thrombasthenia 1

A bleeding syndrome characterized by spontaneous mucocutaneous bleeding and an exaggerated response to trauma due to a constitutional thrombocytopenia


positive regulation of translational elongation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.


appendage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


intracellular sterol transport

The directed movement of sterols within cells.


chromocenter

A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions from more than one chromosomes form a compact structure.


L27 domain binding

Binding to a L27 domain of a protein. L27 is composed of conserved negatively charged amino acids and a conserved aromatic amino acid. L27 domains can assemble proteins involved in signaling and establishment and maintenance of cell polarity into complexes by interacting in a heterodimeric manner.


positive regulation of organelle assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.


regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.


peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance

The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.


ESCRT III complex

A complex with membrane scission activity that plays a major role in many processes where membranes are remodelled - including endosomal transport (vesicle budding), nuclear envelope organisation (membrane closure, mitotic bridge cleavage), and cytokinesis (abscission).


prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis

The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP.


tarsal gland

A modified lobulated sebaceous gland at the rim of an eyelid, responsible for the supply of meibum.


positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.


INR - international normal ratio abnormal


pseudouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA uridine = RNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in an RNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.


hypoalphalipoproteinemia

A metabolic disorder characterized by deficiency of high density (alpha) lipoprotein in the blood.


tubulin complex assembly

The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer.


regulation of dermatome development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


glial cell migration

The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.


proton channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a hydrogen ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a phosphorus-oxygen bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.


CEFOTETAN

A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and  {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.


positive regulation of interleukin-5 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.


regulation of viral entry into host cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the viral entry into the host cell.


regulation of protein autoubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.


embryonic skeletal joint development

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure.


pentose-phosphate shunt

The metabolic process in which glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and ribulose 5-phosphate, coupled to reduction of NADP+ to NADPH; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions that can yield biosynthetic precursors (ribose-5-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate) and glycolytic intermediates (fructose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate).


succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl (3-carboxypropanoyl) group to an acceptor molecule.


paraxial mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


Pulmonary hemorrhage

Pulmonary hemorrhage is a bleeding within the lungs. Older children and adults may spit blood or bloody sputum. Neonates, infants and young children usually do not spit up blood. Anemia, pulmonary infiltrates, increasingling bloody return on BAL and the presence of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or lung biopsy can diagnose lung bleeding. Alveolar macrophages contain phagocytosed red blood cells and stain positive for hemosiderin, a product of hemoglobin degradation, after about 48-72 hours following pulmonary hemorraghe. Previous or recurrent bleeding can thus be distinguished from fresh events. A differentiation into local or diffuse is of importance. Also differentiate if pulmonary hemorrhage is due to a primary lung disorder or a manifestation of a systemic disease.


B cell lineage commitment

The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to become any type of B cell.


neuron projection regeneration

The regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites in response to their loss or damage.


steroid hormone binding

Binding to a steroid hormone.


catecholamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


modulation by host of viral transcription

Any process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


receptor ligand activity

The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in).


alpha-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha-adrenergic receptors.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 4-trimethylammoniobutanal = NADH + 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate.


Toxic polyneuropathy

Polyneuropathy that is caused by exposure to toxins.


hand-foot syndrome

A condition characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and tingling in the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet. It may appear as a side effect to chemotherapy agents.


endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.


plasma lipoprotein particle

A spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Plasma lipoprotein particles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood or lymph.


PCSK9-AnxA2 complex

A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and annexin A2 (AnxA2).


glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADH + H+.


Iodipamide

An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.


positive regulation of organ growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


clathrin vesicle coat

A clathrin coat found on a vesicle.


radial nerve

A nerve that supplies the upper limb, including the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm, as well as the associated joints and overlying skin.


cyclosporin A binding

Binding to cyclosporin A, a cyclic undecapeptide that contains several N-methylated and unusual amino acids.


regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


Operative Surgical Procedures

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.


leukocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.


sulfuric ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RSO-R' + H2O = RSOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a sulfuric ester bond, an ester formed from sulfuric acid, O=SO(OH)2.


response to fluoxetine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.


epithelial cell morphogenesis

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.


creatine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine), a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.


negative regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.


response to disaccharide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.


regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing

A process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs).


negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide) from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


lipoprotein particle

A spherical particle containing non-covalently associated proteins and lipids. Examples are plasma lipoprotein particles which transport lipids in the blood or lymph.


nucleus localization

Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


cytochrome complex

A protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.


interkinetic nuclear migration

The movement of the nucleus of the ventricular zone cell between the apical and the basal zone surfaces. Mitosis occurs when the nucleus is near the apical surface, that is, the lumen of the ventricle.


varicose disease

A vascular disease characterized by the presence of enlarged and tortuous veins.


negative regulation of plasma lipoprotein oxidation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein particle oxidation, occurring in the blood plasma.


oocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.


indolalkylamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


myofilament

Any of the smallest contractile units of a myofibril (striated muscle fiber).


regulation of dopamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


positive regulation of sterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of corticotropin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin hormone from a cell.


bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized.


negative regulation of interleukin-6 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.


neutral L-amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a neutral L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


microtubule severing ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the severing of a microtubule at a specific spot along its length, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.


Sulfamethazine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.


regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated autophagy.


dendritic branch

A dendrite arising from another dendrite.


phototransduction, visible light

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.


A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family and associated proteins. Many are involved in a step of processing of rRNA molecules: cleavage, 2'-O-methylation, or pseudouridylation, but other RNA types can be targets as well. The majority fall into one of two classes, box C/D type or box H/ACA type, which are conserved across eukaryotes and archaea. Other members include the telomerase RNA and the ribonuclease MRP RNA.


negative regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.


laminin-1 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.


Minocycline

A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.


acquired ichthyosis

Noninherited ichthyosis associated with malignancy; autoimmune, inflammatory, nutritional, metabolic, infectious, and neurologic diseases; or medications.


cellular glucuronidation

The modification of an organic chemical by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The substances resulting from glucuronidation are known as glucuronosides (or glucuronides) and are often much more water-soluble than the non-glucuronic acid-containing precursor.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.


nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process.


Mepivacaine

A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.


tetrahydrofolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.


primary miRNA processing

A process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule.


modulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


tripartite regional subdivision

Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions.


positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


acyl-CoA desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH2 + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + A + 2 H2O.


negative regulation of bone remodeling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.


membrane docking

The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.


vitamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


Coldness

Relative coldness of a body part to palpitation, often acccompanied by feelings of coldness.


cullin family protein binding

Binding to a member of the cullin family, hydrophobic proteins that act as scaffolds for ubiquitin ligases (E3).


inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular inhibitory ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Inhibitory ligands, such as GABA or glycine, open chloride-selective channels.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


protein transport along microtubule

The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.


somitogenesis

The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.


RNA stabilization

Prevention of degradation of RNA molecules.


recycling endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a recycling endosome.


Diplegia

Paralysis affecting corresponding parts on both sides of the body.


nuclear vitamin D receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that mediates the action of vitamin D by binding DNA and controlling the transcription of hormone-sensitive genes.


regulation of ERBB signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.


protein tyrosine kinase binding

Binding to protein tyrosine kinase.


feeding behavior

Behavior associated with the intake of food.


P-body

A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. Protein and RNA localized to these foci are involved in mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), translational repression, and RNA-mediated gene silencing.


amino acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


metaphase plate congression

The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone

The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling

Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


chaperone-mediated autophagy

The autophagy process which begins when chaperones and co-chaperones recognize a target motif and unfold the substrate protein. The proteins are then transported to the lysosome where they are degraded.


Alpha-Tocopherol

An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.


positive regulation of phospholipid translocation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.


NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + a quinone = NAD+ + a quinol.


positive regulation of leukocyte degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.


protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum.


histone monoubiquitination

The modification of histones by addition of a single ubiquitin group.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the 5-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


outflow tract septum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.