hexanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hexanoyl (CH3-[CH2]4-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


positive regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.


peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


dorsal root ganglion morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a dorsal root ganglion is generated and organized.


negative regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

Any process that reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial scaffolds. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the addition of a glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA uridine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + tRNA 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-uridine.


neuron-glial cell signaling

Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a neuron to a glial cell. This signalling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules released by different types of neurons, e.g. glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, acetylcholine, dopamine and adenosine.


positive regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.


plant seed peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R1H + R2OOH = R1OH + R2OH.


modulation by symbiont of salicylic acid levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of salicylic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


D-aspartate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


cellular response to 3-methylcholanthrene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3-methylcholanthrene stimulus.


ventriculo bulbo valve development

The progression of the ventriculo bulbo valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + kaempferol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + kaempferide.


peptide cross-linking via L-phenylalanine thiazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl phenylalanine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate + NADH + H+.


vinorine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 16-epivellosimine + acetyl-CoA = CoA + vinorine.


radial axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis that initiates at a point and radiates outward from the point.


acquisition of desiccation tolerance in seed

The process in which a seed acquires tolerance to severe drying, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state.


cellular response to boron-containing substance deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of boron obtained from boron-containing substances.


receptor-mediated bacteriophage irreversible attachment to host cell

The processes by which a bacteriophage initially commits to infection by binding the host receptor irreversibly. Disruption of the phage:cell complex at this step results in the loss of infective phage virions since the process is characterized by conformational changes of bacteriophage head and tail proteins and injection of bacteriophage proteins into the infected cell.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a aspartyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


geraniol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of geraniol.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = tetradecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


rhombomere 2 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


inhibition of host DNA replication by virus

Any process by which a virus inhibits DNA replication in its host cell. Some bacteriophages are known to do this, possibly as a way of increasing the pool of nucleotides available for virus replication.


acyl-CoA delta5-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA) and add a fourth double bond (a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA).


regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glucose binding to a G protein-coupled receptor, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


regulation of zygospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.


Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is a two step reaction. The first step is: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol + + NADP+ + H2O. The second step is a spontaneous reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (S)-3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine + H2O + NADP+.


negative regulation of somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development.


peripheral nervous system non-myelinated axon ensheathment

The process in which a non-myelinating Schwann cell membrane encircles an axon in the peripheral nervous system. A single non-myelinating Schwann cell will typically associate with multiple axons.


lipoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoate.


loganate O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + loganate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + loganin.


negative regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation.


dihydronicotinamide riboside quinone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone = 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide + a hydroquinone.


sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-).


cellular response to pulsatile fluid shear stress

Any response to pulsatile fluid shear stress that occurs at the level of a cell.


peptidyl-histidine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-histidine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-histidine + succinate + CO2.


positive regulation of chemokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.


alanylglutamate dipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanyl-L-glutamate + H2O <=> L-alanine + L-glutamate.


serotonin-gated cation-selective signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by serotonin binding to a seratonin receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


N-terminal peptidyl-proline acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-proline.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate + NAD+ = 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate + H+ + NADH.


B cell deletion

The apoptotic death of B cells which is part of B cell tolerance induction.


viral budding from Golgi membrane

A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host Golgi membrane.


violaceol II biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol II.


gibberellic acid homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of gibberellic acid; may involve transport, biosynthesis, catabolism or conjugation.


mycothiol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


UDP-glucose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


neural fold bending

The morphogenesis of the neural fold elevations that results in the movement of the tips of the elevations towards each other in order to fuse.


regulation of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell

Hyperpolarization (vertebrates) or depolarization (invertebrates) of the photoreceptor cell membrane via closing/opening of cation specific channels as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon.


arabitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetonitrile + 2 H2O = indole-3-acetic acid + NH3.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: mannose + H+ = mannose + H+.


sinoatrial node cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to sinoatrial (SA) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into SA node cells. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-10 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole + CO2 = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorophenoxyacetate + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 4-chlorophenol.


enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


anthracene 9,10-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthracene + 2 H2O = cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol.


2'-deoxyguanosine DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of the ADP-ribose group of NAD+ to the amino group at N2 of 2'-deoxyguanosine to yield N2-(alpha-ADP-ribos-1-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine and its beta form.


N-acyl homoserine lactone synthase activity

Catalyzing the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine -> [acyl-carrier- protein] + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone.


D-ribulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribulose = ADP + D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


tropane alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.


mature natural killer cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a mature natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). A mature natural killer cell is a natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class and other stress related molecules.


oxidoreduction-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane, driven by exothermic flow of electrons from a reduced substrate to an oxidized substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


negative regulation of spore encystment on host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = alpha,beta-didehydrotryptophan + H2O2 + H+.


imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an imaginal disc-derived leg joint are generated and organized. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of neuroblast migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-xylose + D-ribitol 5-phosphate-R = UDP + beta1,4-xylosyl-D-ribitol 5-phosphate-R.


interleukin-26 production

The appearance of interleukin-26 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


valencene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> (+)-valencene + diphosphoric acid.


flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


sinapate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxylaminobenzoate + NAD(P)H = anthranilate + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


conversion of discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle to spherical high-density lipoprotein particle

The process in which a discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle acquires additional lipid or protein molecules, and cholesterol in the particle is converted to tightly bound cholesterol esters by the action of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT), resulting in the formation of a spherical HDL particle.


maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded

Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


propan-2-ol:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propan-2-ol + coenzyme F420 = acetone + reduced coenzyme F420.


negative regulation of neurotrophin production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.


cellular response to dsDNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.


4-aminobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


histone H4-K16 deacetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone.


S-layer organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an S-layer enveloping the cell. The S-layer is a crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O2 = beta-apo-10'-carotenal + beta-ionone.


regulation of pyrimidine nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of DNA at the site of a stalled replication fork that contributes to replication fork processing.


theta DNA replication

A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a double-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template.


gibberellin binding

Binding to a gibberellin, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside <=> H+ + delphinidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP.


regulation of G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle

Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to MI phase of the meiotic cell cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-fucosamine + NAD(P) = UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose + H+ + NAD(P)H.


hypochlorous acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypochlorous acid.


renal interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a renal fibroblast.


lipid A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.


glutamate catabolic process to propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including propionate.


genkwanin 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: genkwanin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> scutellarein 7-methyl ether + H2O + NADP.


carotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.


tetrachlorobenzene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorotoluene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 4,6-dichloro-3-methyl-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-L-3-hydroxyproline = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+.


arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line.


phosphatidylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) = UDP + GlcA-IPC.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3E)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


fructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde.


positive regulation of trehalose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose catabolic process.


non-glycolytic fermentation

Fermentation that does not include the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA. m7G(5')pppR-RNA is mRNA containing an N7-methylguanine cap; R may be guanosine or adenosine.


atrial cardiac muscle cell-AV node cell adhesion involved in cell communication

The attachment of an atrial cardiomyocyte to an AV node cell via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.


pinoresinol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinoresinol + NADPH + H+ = lariciresinol + NADP+.


oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation

Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber.


rhombomere 8 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


stress response to cadmium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a cadmium ion stimulus.


CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


positive regulation of collagen catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


R3/R4 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R3 and R4 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + isorhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


plant-type cell wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.


platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated a ligand binding to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFalpha) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


glucose catabolic process to lactate

The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, and possibly ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


D-lactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


hemangioblast cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts are the proposed common precursor of blood and endothelial lineages.


2-isopropylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA + H+.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.


O-hexanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hexyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


negative regulation of podocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.


protein-FAD linkage

The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


Catalysis of the reaction: 16-hydroxypalmitate + NADP <=> H+ + 16-oxo-palmitate + NADPH.


Catalysis of the transfer of mannose-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.


regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.


tRNA (cytidine 56-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytidine56 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylcytidine56 in tRNA.


prenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.


establishment of protein localization to chloroplast

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a chloroplast.


phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [phospho-alpha-glucan] + H2O = AMP + O-phospho-[phospho-alpha-glucan] + phosphate.


fructan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymonodemethylisoproturon + H2O = formaldehyde + 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


cibarial fish-trap bristle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a cibarial fish-trap bristle are generated and organized. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.


complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Cell killing caused by the membrane attack complex formed following complement activation.


DNA-templated viral transcription

A transcription process that uses a viral DNA as a template.


sulphoglycolysis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and pyruvate.


cellular response to thiabendazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.


cerebellar granular layer structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbose(out) = protein histidine + sorbose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


o-orsellinic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-orsellinic acid.


positive regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


negative aerotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen.


neurohypophysis formation

The process that gives rise to neurohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


thiol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + a thiol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an S-alkyl thiosulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate.


hydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + A = AH2.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) + H+(out) = hexose(in) + H+(in).


(+)-borneol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-borneol + NAD+ = (1R, 4R)-camphor + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.


D-lyxose ketol-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lyxose = D-xylulose.


estradiol 6-beta-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + estradiol-17beta + O2 = 6beta-hydroxyestradiol-17beta + A + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = HCl + unsym-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDMS; unsym-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDNU.


isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


malate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + malate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + malyl-CoA.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


negative regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


sulfolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfolipid, a compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.


gibberellin A53, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A53 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A44 diacid + carbon dioxide + succinate.


negative regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + UDP-D-glucose = 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-D-glucoside + UDP.


cell-cell adhesion in response to extracellular stimulus

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules as a result of an extracellular stimulus.


alpha-santalene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-alpha-santalene + diphosphoric acid.


protein desulfurization

The removal of a sulfur group from a protein amino acid.


intracellular threonine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of threonine within a cell.


trans-synaptic signaling by lipid, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of lipid molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


histone H3-K56 deacetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone.


cell wall proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall peptidoglycan, a group of glycoproteins that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking

The docking of a cytosolic centriole/basal body to the plasma membrane via the ciliary transition fibers. In some species this may happen via an intermediate step, by first docking to the ciliary vesicle via the ciliary transition fibers. The basal body-ciliary vesicle then relocates to the plasma membrane, followed by the ciliary vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane, effectively attaching the basal body to the plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 <=> 4alpha-carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


fumagillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumagillin.


glutaconate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (E)-glutaconate = acetate + glutaconyl-1-CoA.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor axon

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbitol phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbitol(out) = protein histidine + sorbitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O + NADP+.


regulation of estradiol secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.


histone H4-R3 demethylation

The modification of histone H4 by the removal of a methyl group from arginine at position 3 of the histone.


hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = trimethylamine + hexadecanal + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


follicle cell of egg chamber stalk formation

Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


modulation by symbiont of host hormone or growth regulator levels

The alteration by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


sno(s)RNA transcription

The synthesis of snoRNA class RNA (also referred to as sRNA in Archaea) from a DNA template.


siderophore-iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(in) + H+(in).


prephenate(2-) catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prephenate(2-).


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of an alanyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


cellular response to menaquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.


RNA lariat debranching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of branched RNA structures that contain vicinal 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-phosphodiester bonds at a branch point nucleotide.


endocardial cushion cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cushion cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cushion cell.


carpel formation

The process that gives rise to the carpel. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


pyrroloquinoline quinone binding

Binding to pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of certain alcohol dehydrogenases and glucose dehydrogenases.


dimethylsilanediol catabolic process

The aerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.


beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase III activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = acetoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CoA + CO2.


hydroxyphytanate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-hydroxyphytanate + O2 = 2-oxophytanate + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.


protein localization to Golgi membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Golgi membrane.


ubiquinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


phagosome acidification involved in apoptotic cell clearance

Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, and occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance.


alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor activity

Combining with alpha-2 macroglobulin and delivering alpha-2 macroglobulin into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis.


regulation of basidium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of a basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


linear 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a linear [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 7-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


myosin II filament disassembly

The disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


group A colicin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptidyl-lysine oxidation

The oxidation of the terminal amino-methylene groups of peptidyl-L-lysine or peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine to aldehyde groups to form allysine or hydroxyallysine residues, respectively; these are intermediates in the formation of covalent cross-links between adjacent polypeptide chains in proteins such as collagens.


D-lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


thigmotaxis

The directed movement of an animal in response to touch.


regulation of endosperm development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development.


nitrite reductase (cytochrome, ammonia-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 ferricytochrome c = nitrite + 6 ferrocytochrome c + 7 H+.


sulfur reductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of elemental sulfur or polysulfide to hydrogen sulfide.


UAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAC codon.


negative regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.


protein localization to meiotic spindle midzone

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle midzone.


viral DNA strand displacement replication

A viral DNA replication process where only one strand is replicated at once, and which releases a single stranded DNA (ssDNA).


ATP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = ADP + 5'-phospho-RNA.


D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyacid + a quinone = 2-oxoacid + a quinol.


3-cyano-L-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-cyano-L-alanine.


melanin-concentrating hormone receptor activity

Combining with the cyclic peptide hormone melanin-concentrating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the transfer of a stearoyl (systematic name, octadecanoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: octadecanoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-octadecanoyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


protein demalonylation

The removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO), from an amino acid residue within a protein or peptide.


formation of translation initiation ternary complex

Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


long-chain fatty acid transporting porin activity

Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons. This transporter is a porin and so enables the energy independent passage of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


rumination

A digestive process in which food, usually grass or hay, is swallowed into a multi-compartmented stomach, regurgitated, chewed again, and swallowed again.


regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.


disruption of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction

Any process in which a symbiont interferes with host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


pinacolone 5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + 1/2 O2 = 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one.


positive regulation of actin filament severing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.


T/G mismatch-specific endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uroporphyrin III = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-2.


positive regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.


peptidyl-serine O-acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-serine.


germ-band extension

Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


Roundabout signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + L-serine = CMP + O-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine.


aspartate-ammonia ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine.


phosphate-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + phenol.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + acetyl-CoA = N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + CoA + H+.


propionate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA.


pancreatic E cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic E cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


maintenance of plastid location

Any process in which a plastid is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H+ = CO2 + succinate semialdehyde.


substance P receptor activity

Combining with substance P, the peptide Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met, to initiate a change in cell activity.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, aniline-o-sulfonic acid, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.


tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone phosphate.


2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vestitone + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADPH + H+.


secondary shoot formation

The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initating the development of lateral organs.


response to cyclophosphamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclophosphamide stimulus.


positive regulation of penetration peg formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cell-cell junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a cell-cell junction into its constituent components.


VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


D-fructuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NADP = NADPH + H+ + D-fructuronate.


modulation by virus of host NIK/NF-kappaB cascade

Any process in which a virus effect a change in the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling in the host.


assembly of apicomedial cortex actomyosin

A process which results in the assembly or arrangement of constituent parts apicomedial cortex actomyosin.


regulation of lactose biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + a 12-hydroxyjasmonate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + a 12-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrins.


zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).


sweat gland placode formation

The developmental process in which the sweat gland placode forms. An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud.


cytochrome c-heme linkage

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme.


positive regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.


7-hydroxy-chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + H+ = chlorophyllide b + NADP+ + 2 H2O.


regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


specification of segmental identity, abdomen

The specification of the characteristic structures of the abdominal segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


female germline ring canal formation

Assembly of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a female cyst.


imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified.


protein arginine N5-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the delta-nitrogen atom of peptidyl-arginine residues. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-N5-methyl-L-arginine.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-negative bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.


Catalysis of the reaction: [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate.


tight junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a tight junction. A tight junction seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


estrogen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


DNA negative supercoiling activity

Catalytic introduction of negative supercoils into a DNA molecule or region thereof. In bacteria, negative supercoils are only introduced by DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, but not all DNA gyrases are capable of introducing supercoils. In bacteria, the level of supercoiling varies widely between species and has been characterized properly in only a handful of organisms. The best characterized enzyme, from E.coli, is exceptionally proficient at supercoiling and this ability is not representative of all bacteria.


negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.


D-proline reductase (dithiol) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lipoate + 5-aminopentanoate = dihydrolipoate + D-proline.


photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem II

After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem II, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


epoxide carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the generic reaction: epoxide + CO2 + NAD+ + electron donor = beta-keto acid + NADH + reduced electron donor; the electron donor may be NADPH or a dithiol. This reaction is the ring opening and carboxylation of an epoxide; for example: epoxypropane + CO2 + NAD+ + NADPH = acetoacetate + NADH + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + S-(4-bromophenyl)-L-cysteine = (4-bromophenylsulfanyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.


oocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte.


TORC2 complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a TORC2 complex into its constituent components.


glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


inositol oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + O2 = D-glucuronate + H2O + H+.


triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


peptide dopaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dopamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-dopaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+).


selective angioblast sprouting

The segregation of angioblasts into discrete arterial and venous vessels from one common precursor vessel.


response to carbamate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase.


Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue from UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to the 4-position of a mannose linked alpha-1,6 to the core mannose of high-mannose oligosaccharides produced by Dictyostelium discoideum.


response to injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a injury. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline.


regulation of secretion by asymmetric Golgi ribbon formation

The asymmetric formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae that modulates the controlled release of a substance from a polarized epithelial cell.


regulation of meiotic spindle elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation.


negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


L-amino acid efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


negative regulation of homophilic cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.


melanocyte adhesion

The attachment of a melanocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.


Catalysis of the reaction: deacetyl-[citrate-oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + S-acetylphosphopantetheine = [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


high-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. This activity is constitutive and therefore always present, regardless of demand. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of bone as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


specification of metanephric loop of Henle identity

The process in which the loop of Henle of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.


negative regulation of NK T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.


4-nitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene. It is a light yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor.


organic phosphonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Catabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.


dUMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dUMP = ADP + dUDP.


chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of arachidonic acid.


alpha-ribazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).


FAD diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FAD + H2O = AMP + FMN.


dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanidinoacetate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + creatine + H+.


leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 D-glucose 1-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = a sterol ester + 1-acylglycerophosphocholine.


regulation of male mating behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.


silver ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of silver (Ag) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


nicotinic acid riboside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.


multi-pass transmembrane protein insertion into ER membrane

A process of protein insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins is mediated by the multi-pass translocon complex and takes place following membrane insertion of the first few transmembrane segments of proteins by the SEC61 complex to promote insertion of subsequent transmembrane regions.


protein glutathionylation

The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.


spermatogonial cell division

The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes).


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-secoisolariciresinol + NAD <=> H+ + (-)-lactol + NADH.


(R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.


negative regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.


perichondral ossification

Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.


leukotriene B4 12-hydroxy dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + NADP+ = 12-oxo-leukotriene B4 + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


soyasaponin III rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-rhamnose + soyasaponin III <=> H+ + UDP + soyasaponin I.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + H+ + methylmalonate.


histone H4 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H4. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


ureidoglycine aminohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ureidoglycine + H2O = S-ureidoglycolate + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a medium-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. Medium-chain aldehydes have a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.


delphinidin 7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) acyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> violdelphin + beta-D-glucose.


cortisol O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cortisol = CoA + cortisol 21-acetate.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.


negative regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.


cytochrome c metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytochrome c.


eosinophil extravasation

The migration of an eosinophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


chromosome passenger complex localization to spindle midzone

A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the spindle midzone. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


Catalysis of the reaction: salicyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + salicin + UDP.


3alpha-hydroxy bile acid-CoA-ester 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: a 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid CoA + NAD+ = a 3-oxo bile acid CoA + H+ + NADH.


regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.


galactomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.


fatty acid peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O2 + H+ + palmitate = CO2 + 3 H2O + pentadecanal.


pseudouridine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pseudouridine = ADP + 2 H+ + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction O-acetyl-ADP-ribose + H2O = ADP-ribose + acetate.


allose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


negative regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


L-DOPA receptor activity

Combining with L-DOPA to initiate a change in cell activity. L-DOPA is the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, and is the precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine.


regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


rhythmic excitation

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.


electroception

The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location.


negative regulation of renal output by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.


positive regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.


rhamnose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


dichloromethane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dichloromethane, a dichlorinated derivative of methane. It is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor, often used as a paint remover.


envenomation resulting in pore formation in membrane of another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism.


membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potential

The process in which bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid.


mesonephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the terminal segment of the proximal tubule and ends at the mesonephric connecting tubule.


histone H3-K4 monomethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one methyl group to lysine at position 4 of the histone.


naphtho-gamma-pyrone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphtho-gamma-pyrone.


carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + carnitine = (R)-O-acetylcarnitine + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDE; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.


tRNA wobble guanine modification

The process in which a guanine in t position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + perillyl alcohol = H+ + NADH + perillyl aldehyde.


organosulfide cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving dimethyl sulfide, methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide. Dimethylsulfoxide can also be converted to dimethyl sulfide, which enters the cycle.


stilbene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.


regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


juvenile hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24-en-3beta-ol + NADH(2-) + O2 <=> 4alpha-carboxy,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24-en-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) + H2O.


positive regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.


detoxification of aluminum ion

Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of aluminum ions. These can include transport of the aluminum away from sensitive areas,  sequesteration, or chemical modification to an inert form.


tripeptide aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a tripeptide.


plastid single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single subunit type plastid RNA polymerase specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


cysteamine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cysteamine + O2 = H+ + hypotaurine.


arylamine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an arylamine = UDP + an N-D-glucosylarylamine.


fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.


positive regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.


deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling

The process of restoring the photoreceptor cell to its unexcited state after termination of the stimulus (photon).


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + cyanin betaine <=> shisonin + coenzyme A.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate = CO2 + NH3 + succinate semialdehyde + acetate.


specification of anterior mesonephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules of the anterior mesonephros acquire their identity.


indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H2O + O2 = (indol-3-yl)acetate + H2O2 + H+.


dADP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).


memory T cell proliferation

The expansion of a memory T cell population by cell division.


(1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


ABC-type zinc transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(in).


lytic transglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues.


plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the plasma membrane.


NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-6 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.


dextrin dextranase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m) = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m+1).


arginine catabolic process to succinate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including succinate.


carbon disulfide oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbon disulfide + NADH + H+ + O2 = [S] + H2O + NAD+ + carbonyl sulfide.


peptidyl-lysine formylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-formyl-L-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-7-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.


negative regulation of artery morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylgalactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylgalactosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylgalactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> sakuranetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that increases the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 NAD+ + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3 H+ + 2 NADH + UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronate.


chitin deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate.


positive regulation of adenosine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine.


epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment

The commitment of an epicardial cell to a cardiac fibroblast cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain.


positive regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


L-ascorbate peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + hydrogen peroxide = dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O.


NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-35 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyl-3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


oxaloacetate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


zygosporangium development

The process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed. A zygosporangium is a thick-walled structure in which spores are produced, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes.


ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the C-end degron rule pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degron) pathway. In the DesCEND pathway, C-terminal residues (C-end degrons) in substrates are recognized by Cul2-RING and Cul4-RING E3 ligases, whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation. C-end degrons can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms.


hydroxymethylbutenyl pyrophosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the formation of both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate from (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate.


high-affinity secondary active nitrite transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of nitrite from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


methyltetrahydrofolate:corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a tetrahydrofolate + a [methyl-Co(III) corrinoid Fe-S protein] <=> an N5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate + a [Co(I) corrinoid Fe-S protein].


regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity.


corydaline synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2 NADPH + palmatine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + corydaline + 2 NADP+.


positive regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + H+(out) = nucleoside(in) + H+(in).


hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


double strand break-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to DNA double strand breaks and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to facilitate DNA repair.


distinct antral spaces stage

The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces become distinct and the first polar body forms.


vasomotion

The rhythmical contraction and relaxation of arterioles, observed as slow and fast waves, with frequencies of 1-2 and 10-20 cpm.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + Nt-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-histidyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


glucuronolactone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + NADP+ = D-glucurono-3,6-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of podocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


regulatory RNA binding

Binding to a small regulatory RNA, a short RNA (usually 50-200 nt long) that is either independently transcribed or processed from a longer RNA by an RNAse enzyme.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + dihydrosanguinarine = H2O2 + sanguinarine.


regulation of pharyngeal pumping

Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes.


short-chain fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of short-chain fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + caffeoyl-CoA = pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-caffeoylglucoside + coenzyme A.


G protein-coupled estrogen receptor activity

Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


hydroxyproline O-arbinofuranose transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose + a [protein]-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = UDP + H+ + a protein-O-(beta-L-arabinofuranose)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline.


arginine catabolic process to proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline.


base-excision repair, DNA ligation

The ligation by DNA ligase of DNA strands. Ligation occurs after polymerase action to fill the gap left by the action of endonucleases during base-excision repair.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine.


monocyclic sesterterpenediol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monocyclic sesterterpenediol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


pancreatic D cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic D cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic D cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


cellular response to pyrimidine ribonucleotide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide stimulus.


neomycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving neomycin.


neural plate formation

The formation of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


(-)-secologanin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secologanin.


protein denucleotidylation

The removal of a nucleotide from a protein amino acid.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: serotonin(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = serotonin(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).


L-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-arabitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.


trans-synaptic signalling via exosome

Transynaptic signaling in which the ligand is carried across the synapse by an exosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,5S)-carveol + NAD+ = (S)-carvone + H+ + NADH.


slit diaphragm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a slit diaphragm, specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.


high-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


nitrogenase P cluster assembly

The biochemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a P-cluster of a nitrogenase, a high-nuclearity, Fe/S-only cluster that can be viewed as two [4Fe-4S] sub-clusters sharing a gamma-6-sulfide.


acetoin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.


regulation of myotube cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube cell migration.


beta-mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides.


adenylyl-sulfate reductase (glutathione) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + glutathione disulfide + H+ + sulfite = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + 2 glutathione.


cytochrome b6f complex assembly

Formation of cytochrome b6f complex, a complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol = 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + H2.


sulfoquinovose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction sulfoquinovose = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose.


ceramide 1-phosphate transfer activity

Removes a ceramide 1-phosphate from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


aspartate-tRNA(Asn) ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Asx) + L-aspartate + ATP = aspartyl-tRNA(Asx) + diphosphate + AMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosanguinarine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + H2O + NADP+.


mesonephric nephron epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros.


plasma membrane raft polarization

The clustering and aggregation of a plasma membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


campest-4-en-3-one hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campest-4-en-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + H2O + NADP.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


N-acetylmuramic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + O2 <=> 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + dialuric acid.


post-embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP+ + H2O.


structural constituent of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde.


very long chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a very long chain acyl-CoA = a very long chain carboxylate + CoA. A very long chain has chain length greater than C18.


bundle sheath cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a bundle sheath cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hydroquinone + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.


regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm. Caudovirales carry an ejection apparatus that can be long and contractile, long and noncontractile, or short, and is able to penetrate the host cell envelope to deliver the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm.


arsonoacetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:0-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


negative regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

Any process that decreases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


NAD-dependent histone H3K18 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 18 of the histone H3 protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = L-2-acetamido-6-oxopimelate + CoA.