Botryoid odontogenic cyst

The multicystic variant of lateral periodontal cyst. (WHO 2017)


Malignant Accessory Urethral Gland Neoplasm

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A malignant neoplasm involving the accessory urethral glands.


Condyloma anal

A human papillomavirus-related neoplasm arising from the anus. Morphologically, it is characterized by an exophytic papillary proliferation of squamous cells and acanthosis.


Focal Mammary Duct Ectasia

Localized widening of the lumen of the mammary ducts.


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Sarcomatoid Variant

Bladder sarcomatoid variant urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Factor Negative

A category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis defined by the presence of arthritis affecting five or more separate joints during the first six months of disease, with negative serologic testing for rheumatoid factor.


Childhood L1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

L1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Neoplasm of lacrimal duct

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the lacrimal duct.


Sickle Beta Plus Thalassemia

A mild form of sickle cell thalassemia characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S and a small amount of hemoglobin A in the red blood cells. It is characterized by the presence of small red blood cells and mild anemia.


Refractory Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent Anaplastic (Malignant) Meningioma

The reemergence of anaplastic (malignant) meningioma after a period of remission.


Biclonal gammopathy

A primary disturbance in immunoglobulin synthesis characterized by the presence of two distinct monoclonal immunoglobulins in the serum or urine.


Abnormal Immunology Test Result

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Cyst of biliary tract

A cystic dilatation that occurs in any part of the biliary tree.


Malignant Lymphoma, Large Cell Type

An antiquated term that refers to a morphologic variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which is composed predominantly or exclusively of large neoplastic lymphocytes.


Decreased NCF4 Expression

An indication that the expression of NCF4 is lower than the normal range of values.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of liver

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Multiple tumors, at least one of which is larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Bladder Sphincter Dysfunction

Non-coordinated, reflexive contraction of the bladder and sphincter relaxation.


Injury of lumbar spinal cord

An injury to the lumbar spinal cord.


Congenital supraventricular tachycardia

A disorder present at birth characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a tachycardia that originates above the ventricles.


Recurrent Diffuse Astrocytoma

The reemergence of diffuse astrocytoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Malignant Bone Neoplasm

Malignant bone neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma measuring equal to or less than 2 cm in diameter. It includes early hepatocellular carcinoma and small progressed hepatocellular carcinoma.


Gallbladder Papillary Adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.


Recurrent Aplastic Anemia

The reemergence of aplastic anemia after a period of remission.


Vaginal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Gastric-Type

Vaginal mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of gastric differentiation.


Aromatic Dyes-Related Malignant Neoplasm


Childhood Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage I

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (Rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Adult Primary Meningeal Melanocytic Neoplasm

A primary meningeal melanocytic neoplasm that occurs in adults.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Anterior Axillary Line

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left anterior axillary line.


Stage II Prostate Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: (T1a, N0, M0, G2, 3-4); (T1b, N0, M0, Any G); (T1c, N0, M0, Any G); (T1, N0, M0, Any G); (T2, N0, M0, Any G).  T1: Clinically inapparent tumor neither palpable nor visible by imaging.  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g. because of elevated PSA).  T2: Tumor confined with in the prostate.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated (moderate anaplasia) (Gleason 5-6). G 3-4: Poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (marked anaplasia) (Gleason 7-10).  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Treatment related leukaemia

A leukemia arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents that are used for the treatment of a malignant tumor or exposure to ionizing radiation.


Adult Grade II Meningioma

A grade II meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


Appendix High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous intraepithelial neoplastic lesion that affects the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of moderate or severe dysplasia and complex architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Metastatic Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


46,XY Ovotesticular Differences of Sex Development

The presence of ovarian and testicular tissue in the an individual with 46,XY karyotype. The anatomical expression of this condition is variable.


Serum CA 19-9 Elevated

The amount of cancer antigen 19-9 present in a serum sample is elevated.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity stage III


Conjunctival Junctional Nevus

A junctional nevus that arises from the conjunctiva. It occurs almost exclusively in the juxtalimbal bulbar conjunctiva. It is characterized by an intraepithelial proliferation of type A nevus cells and/ or type B nevus cells.


Grade III Childhood Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


Monomorphic T/NK-Cell Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is characterized by destructive infiltration of lymph nodes and extranodal sites by a monotonous population of transformed T-lymphocytes/NK-cells.  The clonal cellular infiltrates fulfill the criteria for any of the T-cell or natural killer cell lymphomas.


Unresectable Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

A fibrolamellar carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Refractory Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Congenital Adrenal Gland Disorder

A genetic disorder that affects the adrenal gland.  It includes adrenal gland hyperplasia and adrenal gland hypoplasia.


Non-Neoplastic Gonadal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the testis or the ovary. Representative examples include gonadal agenesis, dysgenesis, and hypogonadism.


Stage IV Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  N1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Schizophrenia, Childhood

Schizophrenia occurring in childhood.


Invasive Prostate Carcinoma

A carcinoma that is not confined to the prostatic epithelium but has spread to the surrounding stroma of the prostate gland.  The vast majority of invasive prostate carcinomas are adenocarcinomas.


Retroperitoneal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the retroperitoneum.


Non-Neoplastic Anal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anus. Representative examples include hemorrhoids, ulcers, and infections.


Benign Accessory Urethral Gland Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm arising from the accessory urethral glands.


Stage 0 Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ (intraductal tumor). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Non-Contiguous Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


Childhood Ependymal Tumor

An ependymal tumor that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube high-grade serous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage II Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T2, N0, M0; IIB: T3, N0, M0. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but equal to or smaller than 5 cm. T3: Tumor larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Aggressive Prostate Adenocarcinoma

Prostate adenocarcinoma that metastasizes quickly to other anatomic sites. It usually has a Gleason score between 8 and 10, a PSA level higher than 20 ng/ml, and is classified as T3b or T4.


Stage IVC Oral Cavity Verrucous Carcinoma


Kidney Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An epithelial neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the kidney.  It includes neuroendocrine tumor, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and paraganglioma.


Cancer-Associated Anorexia

Loss of appetite associated with cancer or its treatment.


Locally Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Mucosal Melanoma

Mucosal melanoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Schizophrenia, Disorganized

A subtype of schizophrenia characterized by disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and a flat or inappropriate affect; associated features include grimacing, mannerisms, and other oddities of behavior. Criteria for the catatonic type of schizophrenia are not met.


Cervical Stratified Mucin-Producing Intraepithelial Lesion

A rare, human papillomavirus-associated premalignant glandular intraepithelial neoplasm that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of stratiﬁed, immature epithelial cells containing varying quantities of intracytoplasmic mucin. There is no evidence of stromal invasion. It is distinct from conventional cervical squamous or glandular intraepithelial neoplasias.


Metanephric Tumor

A neoplasm arising from the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct areas of the kidney.


Localized Neoplasm

A neoplasm that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


COVID-19-Associated Hematuria

Hematuria caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Benign neuroendocrine tumor

A paraganglioma that is confined to the site of origin.


Continent Epispadias

Epispadias with urinary continence.


Therapy-Related Toxicity - Acceptable to Patient

Indicates that a toxicity adverse effect has been experienced by a patient, but it is not severe enough for the patient to discontinue the treatment.


Ann Arbor Stage I Supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin Lymphoma


stenosis of supravalvular pulmonary artery

Stenosis of the pulmonary artery that occurs above the valve.


Stage I Esophageal Cancer

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  TI: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.) -2003


Abscess of adrenal gland

An abscess that is located in the adrenal gland.


Enteropathic spondylitis

A form of spondyloarthritis that is found in some patients with inflammatory bowel disease.


Adult Acute Erythroid Leukemia

An acute erythroid leukemia occurring in adults.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to epididymis

A malignant neoplasm that has metastasized to the epididymis from another anatomic site.


Cervical Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A cervical adenocarcinoma that cannot be classified by WHO criteria or International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC).


Stage IS Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IS includes: Any pT/TX, N0, M0, S1-3. TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N0: Testicular cancer with no regional lymph node metastasis. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S1: LDH less than 1.5 x N and hCG (mlU/mL) less than 5,000 and AFP (ng/mL) less than 1,000. S2: LDH 1.5-10 x N or hCG (mlU/mL) 5,000-50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) 1,000-10,000. S3: LDH more than 10 x N or hCG (mlU/mL) more than 50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) more than 10,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Radiating Chest Pain Along Midclavicular Line

The location of the radiating chest pain is along an imaginary vertical line on the chest originating from the midpoint of a clavicle.


Senile Sebaceous Hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands. It is usually seen as small yellow papules in the face of middle aged-older population.


Malignant blue nevus of skin

A rare melanoma which develops in a pre-existing blue nevus. It occurs more frequently on the scalp, face, orbit, back, buttocks, extremities, hands, and feet.


Thoracic Diseases

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thorax and/or the organs of the thoracic cavity.  Representative examples include pleural infection, mediastinitis, thymoma, mediastinal lymphoma, and pleural mesothelioma.


Localized Esophageal Carcinoma

Esophageal carcinoma that is confined to the site in which it initially manifested without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Appendix Traditional Serrated Adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the appendix.  It is characterized by prominent serration of the glands.


Sign

Objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining healthcare provider.


Clinical Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: Any T, Tis, N1 or More, M0. Tis: Melanoma in situ. Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. N1: One tumor-involved node or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with no tumor-involved nodes. N2: Two or three tumor-involved nodes or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with one tumor-involved node. N3: Four or more tumor-involved nodes or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with two or more tumor-involved nodes, or any number of matted nodes without or with in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Delusional disorder, mixed type

A subtype of delusional disorder applied when no one delusional theme (such as grandiose, jealous, persecutory) predominates.


Irritation

A mild inflammatory tissue reaction; it can be caused by physical contact with an irritant or can be a local response to a systemic trigger.


Refractory Glioma

Glioma that does not respond to treatment.


Gliomatosis Cerebri Type I

A classic form of gliomatosis cerebri. It is characterized by diffuse growth of neoplastic glial tissue without any focal mass.


cytotoxicity

The adverse effect of some iatrogenic therapies. It is an accepted side effect in radiation therapy where the desired effect is to kill rapidly growing tumor cells.  In the killing of tumor cells, other cells that are rapidly growing e.g hair, mucous membranes are also killed.


Splenic marginal zone lymphoma stage III


Clotting of extracorporeal circuit

Thrombus formation within an apparatus that carries blood outside of the body, such as pheresis, dialysis or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).


Regional Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that has not spread to other regions.


Chronic iridocyclitis

Uveitis that is usually insidious in onset, bilateral, and can be asymptomatic, most often affecting the anterior uveal tract, including the iris and ciliary body, and can result in long-term complications. It is most commonly associated with certain forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, but may occur independent of arthritis.


Castration-Sensitive Prostate Carcinoma

Metastatic prostatic carcinoma which is sensitive to androgen-deprivation therapy.


Stage I Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I) or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site (IE). (from PDQ)


Benign tumor of seminal vesicle

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the seminal vesicle.


Ectopic adrenal cortex

A term that refers to the presence of benign adrenal cortical tissue outside the adrenal glands.


Carcinomatosis

Carcinoma that has spread diffusely to an anatomic site or throughout the body.


Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2

Cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of maturation in the upper half of the squamous epithelium and conspicuous nuclear atypia which is present in all epithelial layers.  Mitotic figures are present in the basal two thirds of the epithelium.


Prostate cancer stage A

A clinically undetectable tumor confined to the prostate gland, normally an incidental finding during surgery.


Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome-Related Lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises in the context of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.


Melanotic neurofibroma

A rare neurofibroma characterized by the presence of melanin-laden cells and the absence of atypia.


Solid carcinoma

A carcinoma morphologically characterized by the presence of solid sheets of malignant epithelial cells in tissues.


Stage III Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0, G3, G4. T3: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, grade 4

IDH-mutant astrocytoma characterized by the presence of necrosis and/or microvascular proliferation or homozygous deletion of CDKN2A and/or CDKN2B genes. The term glioblastoma no longer applies to central nervous system WHO grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas. (WHO 2021)


Maturing Ganglioneuroma

A ganglioneuroma characterized by the presence of differentiating neuroblasts, maturing and mature ganglion cells.


Unresectable Paraganglioma

Paraganglioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Nodular Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of nodules by the proliferating neoplastic cells.


Stage IV Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage IV: Disseminated (multifocal) involvement of one or more extralymphatic sites with or without associated lymph node involvement or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement with distant (nonregional) nodal involvement. (PDQ)


Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes

Acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes that is resistant to treatment.


Sharp Chest Pain

The sensation of chest pain described as a stabbing feeling.


Bilateral Thalamic Glioma

A glioma affecting both sides of the thalamus.


Solid Angioleiomyoma

A morphologic variant of angioleiomyoma characterized by the presence of numerous small, slit-like vascular channels.


Air Embolism

The presence of bubbles of air in the vascular system; occurrence is related to the entry of air into the venous circulation following trauma or surgery.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition and Preexisting Platelet Disorders

Myeloid neoplasms associated with germline mutations and familial platelet disorders.


Primary Neoplasm

A tumor at the original site of origin.


Pathologic Stage IIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adult Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with PML-RARA

An acute promyelocytic leukemia with PML-RARA fusion occurring in adults.


Infiltrating Bladder Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the bladder mucosa and invades the bladder wall.


Infiltrating Cervical Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the cervix and invades into the stromal tissue.


Intraoperative injury

Trauma to the body occurring during a surgical intervention.


Proximal Urethral Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the proximal part of the urethra.


Foveolar hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the gastric foveolar epithelium.


Diffuse Low Grade Glioma, FGFR1 Tyrosine Kinase Domain-Duplicated

Diffuse low-grade glioma characterized by internal tandem duplications of the sequences in the FGFR1 gene encoding the tyrosine kinase domain.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with Metaplastic Changes


Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-Alpha Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to mutation(s) in the gene HNF1A, encoding the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha. This condition may progress to diabetes later in life.


Injury of brachial plexus

Damage to the nerves in the brachial plexus network. These nerves originate in the spinal column and innervate the shoulder, arm and hand. Often, damage is sustained from overstretching or motor vehicle accidents.


Antepartum Obstetric Air Embolism

Presence of a large air bubble in the maternal vascular system which originated from a distant site during the antepartum period.


Mucolipidosis Type IIIA

A lysosomal storage disease characterized by multiple bone formation abnormalities, progressive joint stiffness, developmental abnormalities, hearing loss, hepatosplenomegaly, increased acne, enlarged tongue, and cornea clouding due to accumulation of lipid substances.


Immune-mediated adverse reaction

An adverse event resulting from an immune system reaction to a drug or device. It can affect any organ or system.


Examination phobia

An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of taking and failing tests.


Borderline Uterine Ligament Neoplasm

A rare borderline tumor that arises from the broad or other uterine ligaments. The majority of the reported cases are serous cystic tumors.


Adult L1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

L1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during adulthood.


Posterior Fossa Ependymoma, Not Elsewhere Classified

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises in the posterior fossa in which molecular analysis for DNA methylation profiling cannot assign a molecular group.


Non-Neoplastic Stomach Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the stomach. Representative examples include gastritis and ulcer.


Poorly Differentiated Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma characterized by the presence of significant cytologic atypia, necrosis and high mitotic activity.


Ulcer of nipple

Ulcer that develops in the nipple.  Causes include trauma and Paget disease.


Genitourinary tract gonococcal infection

A genitourinary infection that is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.


Adult Pineal Gland Astrocytoma

A pineal gland astrocytoma that occurs during adulthood.


Acquired Unilateral Cataract

A cataract in one eye that results from the aging process, an injury, or as a manifestation of a systemic disorder.


Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of diffuse neutrophil infiltrates within the tumor.


High Grade Appendix Mucinous Neoplasm

A rare appendix mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with high grade features.


Stage IB3 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IB3 includes: T1b3, N0, M0. T1b3: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Bilateral Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that affects both sides of an organ in a simultaneous or non-simultaneous manner.


Thoracic myelocele

Herniation of spinal cord tissue and meninges through a defect in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. The protrusion of the tissue is flush with the level of the skin surface.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: II (T2, N0, M0); IIA (T2a, N0, M0); IIB (T2b, N0, M0).  T2: Tumor invades cervix but does not extend beyond uterus.  T2a: Tumor limited to the glandular epithelium of the endocervix.  There is no evidence of connective tissue stromal invasion.  T2b: Invasion of the stromal connective tissue of the cervix.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Refractory Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that is resistant to treatment.


Prostate Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of prostate carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Benign Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Epithelial Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the hepatocytes or intrahepatic bile ducts.  Representative examples include hepatocellular adenoma and bile duct adenoma.


Metastatic Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma

An endometrial serous adenocarcinoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


Abdominal and gastrointestinal infections

An infection that affects the gastrointestinal system and the abdomen.


Recurrent Uterine Corpus Cancer

The reemergence of uterine corpus cancer after a period of remission.


Locally Recurrent Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of anal canal squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Lymphangioma circumscriptum

A localized lymphangioma characterized by microcystic changes.


Hyperglucagonemia

Abnormally high levels of glucagon in the blood, which may manifest as hyperglycemia and/or necrolytic migratory erythema.


Recurrent Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and has recurred after a period of remission.


BCLC Stage A Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Glandular intraepithelial neoplasia, low grade


Refractory Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma that is resistant to treatment.


anaplastic carcinoma of ureter

Undifferentiated carcinoma that affects the ureter.


Defective Mu Heavy Chain Present

An indication that cells expressing a mutated or defective form of immunoglobulin heavy chain mu have been detected in a sample.


Abdominal Neoplasm, Excluding Pancreas Neoplasm

A  finding of a neoplastic disease in the abdominal cavity, excluding pancreatic neoplastic disease.


Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation of the Prostate Gland

Focal proliferation of small acinar glandular cells in the prostate gland with cytologic changes ranging from atypia to highly suggestive of malignancy.


Gastric carcinoma stage IV

Stage IV includes: (T4, N1-3, M0); (T1-3, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1:Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic in the Pelvic Cavity

A carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland and has spread to the pelvic cavity.


Recurrent Oligodendroglioma

The reemergence of oligodendroglioma after a period of remission.


Male Reproductive System Carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of any part of the male reproductive system. Representative examples include prostate carcinoma and penile carcinoma.


Affective Disorders, Psychotic

The manifestation of psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, in the presence of a mood disorder.


Holorachischisis

A form of the neural tube defect spina bifida in which the entire spinal column is open.


Diffuse Pediatric-Type High Grade Glioma RTK2

An aggressive, WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma usually affecting children, adolescents, or young adults. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase type 2 (RTK2) alterations.


Stage IV Intermediate Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Lugano Classification Stage I Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymphatic site (i.e., nodal region, Waldeyer's ring, thymus, or spleen). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adrenal Mass

An abnormal growth in the adrenal gland.


Stage III Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, Any N, M0. T3: Tumor extending to pelvic sidewall and/or involving the lower third of vagina, and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Laboratory Test Toxicity

A laboratory test designed to quantify or qualify the poisonous nature of a sample.


Squamous cell carcinoma, large cell, nonkeratinizing

A squamous cell carcinoma composed of large atypical cells, without morphologic evidence of keratin production.


Stage II Esophageal Cancer

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0) and IIB: (TI, NI, M0); (T2, NI, M0).  TI: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.) -2003


Benign Lacrimal Drainage System Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal drainage system.


Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Diffuse Midline Glioma, EGFR-Mutant

A diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered, characterized by the presence of EGFR gene mutation.


Mucosal Infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting a mucosal surface.


Stage IIIC2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIIC2 includes: TX, T0, T1-3, N2, M0. TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor strictly confined to the cervix (extension to corpus should be disregarded). T2: Tumor invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T3: Tumor extending to pelvic sidewall and/or involving the lower third of vagina, and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. The pelvic sidewall is defined as the muscle, fascia, neurovascular structures, and skeletal portions of the bony pelvis. Cases with no cancer-free space between the tumor and pelvic wall by rectal examination are FIGO III. N2: Tumor with regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Endobronchial Nodule

A nodule entirely contained within a bronchus; it may obstruct the airway, but does not breach the bronchial wall.


Breast Adenohibernoma

A breast hamartoma characterized by the presence of brown fat that contains entrapped glands.


Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

An acute lymphoblastic leukemia that originates from pre-B lymphocytes. The pre-B lymphoblasts contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin.


Stage IIA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (cT1a-c, cT2a, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 10 and less than 20, Grade Group 1); (cT2b-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 1). cT1a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected. cT1b: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected. cT1c: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is identified by needle biopsy found in one or both sides, but not palpable. cT2a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves one-half of one side or less. cT2b: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves more than one-half of one side but not both sides. cT2c: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves both sides. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of anal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to all carcinomas arising in the anal canal, including carcinomas that arise within anorectal fistulas and those arising in the perianal area (anal margin). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma) are staged using this system. There is no AJCC staging system for anal mucosal melanomas and anal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Well Differentiated Prostate Adenocarcinoma

An invasive prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of well differentiated malignant glandular epithelial components.


Primary Cutaneous Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma primarily involving the skin.  This diagnosis can only be made when there is no evidence of Hodgkin lymphoma in the lymph nodes or other anatomic sites.  Patients usually present with papules or nodular lesions.  Morphologically, primary cutaneous Hodgkin lymphoma may resemble lymphomatoid papulosis or anaplastic large cell lymphoma.  Immunohistochemical tissue evaluation is essential in establishing the diagnosis.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Adenocarcinoma

A cervical adenocarcinoma associated with the presence of human papillomavirus infection.


Biliary Tract Carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the intrahepatic bile ducts, hepatic ducts, common bile duct, cystic duct, or gallbladder.


Mucocele of gallbladder

The enlargement of the gallbladder secondary to prolonged obstruction of the cystic duct.


Pancreatic Teratoma

A teratoma that arises from the pancreas.


Tobacco Induced Hyperparakeratosis

Hyperparakeratosis of the oral mucosa caused by chronic tobacco use.  It manifests as oral leukoplakia.


Locally Advanced Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


COL1A1 Associated Connective Tissue Disorder

A group of connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the COL1A1 gene mapped to chromosome 17q21. It includes the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and osteoporosis.


Stage 0 Esophageal Cancer AJCC v6

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Splenic Infection

An infectious process affecting the spleen. Predisposing factors include immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, and sickle cell anemia. Infectious agents include bacteria (e.g., staphylococcus and streptococcus) and fungi.


High Grade Corneal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process with high-grade dysplastic features involving the corneal epithelium.


Skin Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous carcinoma that arises from the skin. It usually affects the palms, soles, and distal digits.


Glucose-6-Phosphatase 3 Deficiency

An autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in the G6PC3 gene. It is characterized by the absence or presence of very low levels of glucose-6-phosphatase 3. Patients may develop severe congenital neutropenia.


Conventional Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma that is not associated with Epstein-Barr virus.


Breast fibroadenolipoma

A benign, circumscribed and usually encapsulated lesion of the breast.  It contains all the components of the breast tissue.


Intraductal Prostate Carcinoma

An intra-acinar and/or intraductal neoplastic epithelial proliferation in the prostate gland that has some features of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia but exhibits much greater architectural and/or cytological atypia, typically associated with high-grade, high-stage prostate carcinoma. (WHO 2016)


Resectable Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Ionizing Radiation-Related Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm arising in an anatomic site exposed to ionizing radiation.


Stage IV Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage IVA includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor with periductal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Fascial fibrosarcoma

A malignant fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the fascial connective tissue.


Transplant-Related Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

A bladder urothelial carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Increased


Vaginal Basaloid Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of nests of malignant basaloid squamous cells with scant amounts of cytoplasm.


Ventral Hernia with Obstruction without Mention of Gangrene

The protrusion of contents of the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall, at the site of the linea alba, which results in obstruction, without mention of necrosis of the herniated contents.


Autosomal Dominant Neurohypophyseal Diabetes Insipidus

An autosomal dominant form of diabetes insipidus caused by mutation(s) in the AVP gene encoding arginine vasopressin.


Advanced Bone Sarcoma

A bone sarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1: M1: Distant metastasis, including pleural effusion with positive cytology; liver or splenic parenchymal metastasis; metastasis to extra-abdominal organs (including inguinal lymph nodes and lymph nodes outside the abdominal cavity); and transmural involvement of intestine. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Decreased PARP Enzyme Activity

A finding indicating that a sample is expressing lower levels of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase enzyme activity than that expressed by a reference or comparative sample.


Recurrent Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Anal Carcinoma

Anal carcinoma that has spread from its primary site to another anatomic site.


Transfusion dependent thalassaemia

Thalassemia that results in severe anemia and requires regular blood transfusions for patient survival.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to nervous system

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the nervous system.  This may be from a primary nervous system malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of anal canal

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Hilar Mass

An abnormal growth located in the hilum of the lung.


Appendix Mucinous Neoplasm

An appendiceal neoplasm characterized by mucinous epithelial proliferation with extracellular mucin and pushing tumour margins. (WHO 2019)


Primary Immune Regulatory Disorder

A group of immune diseases characterized predominantly by immune dysregulation leading to organ-specific autoimmunity, excessive inflammation, and non-malignant lymphoproliferation. Unlike classical primary immunodeficiencies, susceptibility to infections is typically less prominent in these disorders.


Stage IVA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Fallopian tube cancer with pleural effusion with positive cytology. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


acute myelomonocytic leukemia in relapse

The reemergence of acute myelomonocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


Bile Duct Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm with Intermediate Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

An intraductal papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of moderate epithelial atypia.


Retinoma

A rare, unilateral or bilateral benign neoplasm that arises from the retina. There is an increased risk of malignant transformation to retinoblastoma; therefore, patients with a diagnosis of retinocytoma should be closely observed.


Intra-Abdominal Lymphangioma

A lymphangioma arising from the organs of the abdominal cavity.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms).


Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Skin

An epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the skin.


Refractory Brain Neoplasm

Brain neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Extracutaneous Merkel Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare Merkel cell carcinoma affecting the lymph nodes. It may represent metastasis from a regressed dermal primary. (WHO 2017)


Lipomatous hamartoma

A benign hamartomatous lesion composed predominantly of adipose tissue.


Adenocarcinoma in situ in a polyp

An adenocarcinoma arising in a polyp.


Injury of ovary

Trauma to an ovary.


Annoying Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that is bothersome and irritating.


Appendix Tubular Adenoma

An adenoma arising from the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of tubular epithelial structures and it is associated with dysplasia.


Refractory Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Childhood acute myeloid leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Intraoperative Splenic Injury

Damage to the spleen during a surgical procedure.


Indolent T-Lymphoblastic Proliferation

A non-neoplastic T-cell lymphoproliferation that may mimic T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. It usually involves the lymphoid tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract. It recurs locally, but systemic dissemination is rare.


Stage IIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T3, N0, M0, Any G); (T1-2, N1, M0, Any G).  T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t (9;11) (p21.3; q23.3); MLLT3-MLL

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia with t (9;11) (p21.3; q23.3); MLLT3-MLL after a period of remission.


Recurrent Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of a lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


Recurrent Digestive System Carcinoma

The reemergence of carcinoma in any part of the digestive system after a period of remission.


A rare type of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of pleomorphic malignant cells that are intermixed with lymphocytes.


Blennorrhagic arthritis

A form of reactive arthritis that is associated with lesions on both the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.


Metastatic Distal Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

Distal esophagus adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Glandular Differentiation

An invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder that exhibits glandular differentiation.


Congenital Unilateral Cataract

Cataract in one eye that is present at birth.


Keratitis caused by infection

Inflammation of the cornea secondary to an infectious process.


Craniopharyngioma malignant

A rare condition characterized by the development of a carcinoma in a pre-existing craniopharyngioma.


Stage III Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Juvenile Localized Scleroderma

Localized scleroderma presenting before the age of eighteen.


Selective Mutism

A persistent failure to speak in certain social situations (i.e., school) where speaking is expected, despite speaking in other situations.


Localized Carcinoma

A carcinoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Stage I Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I) or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site (IE). (from PDQ)


Gastric Pylorus Carcinoma In Situ AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis - mixed cellularity

Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma in which at least 75% of the tumor nodules contain scattered Reed-Sternberg cells. The background cellular infiltrate is lymphocytic, mixed, or fibrohistiocytic.


Recurrent T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

The reemergence of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


Cheilognathouranoschisis

A congenital abnormality consisting of a fissure in the midline of the lip, hard and/or soft palate and upper jaw.


Lymphocyte Predominant Type Hodgkin's Disease

An antiquated term that refers either to nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma or to lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma.


Fetomaternal Transfusion

Loss of fetal blood into the maternal circulation.


Cerebellar Peduncle Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the cerebellar peduncle.


Anal Hidradenoma Papilliferum

A benign neoplasm arising from the perianal sweat glands. It presents as a cystic nodular lesion and is characterized by the presence of cystic and papillary structures. The papillary structures contain connective tissue and are covered by two layers of epithelium.


Macrotrabecular Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by more than 50% growth of macrotrabecular pattern (equal to or more than 6 to 10 cells thick). It presents with higher grade and stage compared to conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. It has poor prognosis with early recurrence and poor overall survival.


Metastatic Low Grade Astrocytoma

Low grade astrocytoma that has spread from its primary site to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Vulvar Carcinoma

The reemergence of vulvar carcinoma after a period of remission.


Malignant neoplasm of stomach stage IV

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage 0 Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: In situ primary tumor. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on pathologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type recurrent

The reemergence of lymphocyte-depleted classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IB1 includes: T1b1, N0, M0. T1b1: Tumor measuring more than 5 mm in depth and equal or less than 2 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Locally Advanced Carcinoid Tumor

A carcinoid tumor that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Gemistocytic Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant

Gemistocytic astrocytoma carrying IDH mutations.


Pathologic Stage IV Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: T0-4, Any N, M1. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. M1: Distant metastasis microscopically confirmed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Vaginal Papillary Carcinoma

A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina resembling transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract.


Refractory Fallopian Tube Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Fallopian tube transitional cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Esophageal Infection

An infectious process affecting the esophagus.


Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chain Increased

A laboratory test result indicating higher than normal levels of immunoglobulin free light chain in the serum.


Leukoplakia of anus

The presence of a painless whitish patch on the anal mucosa.  Histologic examination reveals hyperkeratosis and acanthosis.


Stage II Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2a, N0, M0); (T2b, N0, M0). T2a: Tumor invades superficial muscularis propria (inner half). T2b: Tumor invades deep muscularis propria (outer half). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Idiopathic Ketotic Hypoglycemia

Ketotic hypoglycemia that usually occurs in young, thin children in association with infection or fasting, and which typically resolves by age 6-8 years.


Lacrimal Drainage System Exophytic Papilloma

A benign exophytic papillary neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal drainage system. It consists of fibrovascular cores lined by epithelial cells.


Abnormal Blood Chemistry and Hematology Test Result

A laboratory test result that indicates the presence of abnormal blood chemistry and/or hematology values.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage I subdiaphragmatic


Beta-2 Microglobulin Greater than 5.5 g/mL

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of high levels of beta-2 microglobulin in blood or urine, exceeding 5.5 g/mL.


Anal infection

An infectious process affecting the anal area.


Hodgkin's Disease, Lymphocyte Depletion, Reticular

A lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the presence of reticular fibrosis.


Reserve Cell Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the immature cells located between the surface columnar epithelium and the basal layer.


Physical Entrapment

Patient becomes entangled or caught in a bed, particularly in side rails, or mattress, or head/foot boards.


Lugano Classification Limited Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Limited stage Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Lugano classification criteria. It includes stages I, IE, II, and IIE. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lacrimal Gland Acinic Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare, low-grade, salivary gland-type carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal gland. It exhibits acinar differentiation.


Urethral Infection

A bacterial, viral, or fungal infectious process affecting the urethra.


Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia-2

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate epithelial atypia.


Recurrent Malignant Brain Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant brain neoplasm after a period of remission.


Rare Diseases

A disease that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.


Ann Arbor Stage II Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot that is attached to or near an artificial heart valve; this can cause dysfunction of the valve, and possibly lead to an embolic event should the thrombus become dislodged.


Vulvar Dysplastic Melanocytic Nevus

A rare, elevated and pigmented, compound or junctional nevus that arises from the vulva. It affects women in their reproductive years and may be associated with the presence of dysplastic nevi in other anatomic areas. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid or spindle-shaped melanocytes exhibiting nuclear pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli.


Borderline Ovarian Serous Papillary Cystic Tumor

A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of papillary proliferations of atypical serous epithelial cells and a cystic component.  There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


Unresectable Malignant Gastric Neoplasm

A malignant gastric neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Trophoblastic Differentiation

A variant of infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of trophoblastic differentiation within the carcinoma.


Metastatic NUT Carcinoma

NUT carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Peritoneal Sarcomatosis

A condition in which a sarcoma has spread extensively throughout the peritoneum.


Dehiscence

A splitting open of an anatomical structure, zone, or organ with the exposure or discharge of its content.


Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-Altered

A diffuse midline glioma characterized by H3 K27 alteration and usually either a histone H3 K27M mutation, an EGFR mutation, or aberrant overexpression of EZHIP. The prognosis is poor.


Refractory WHO Grade 2 Glioma

WHO grade 2 glioma that is resistant to treatment.


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Plasmacytoid Variant

Bladder plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Chest Pain in Right Second Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the second intercostal space on the right side.


Non-Neoplastic Mediastinal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the structures of the mediastinum.  Representative examples include mediastinitis and thymic hyperplasia.


Cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis resulting from an infection with cytomegalovirus.


Mixed Trophoblastic Tumor

A gestational trophoblastic tumor characterized by the presence of two or three histological types of gestational trophoblastic tumor, including choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor.


Stage 0 Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Neuropathy, Recurrent, with Pressure Palsies

An autosomal dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the PMP22 gene, encoding peripheral myelin protein 22. Neuropathy is precipitated by mechanical compression on a nerve, typically with onset in the first and second decades.


Stage III Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA: (Any T, N1a, M0) and IIIB: (Any T, N1b/N2, M0).  N1a: Micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  N1b: Macrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  N2: In transit metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IIA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Fibrohistiocytic Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of fibrohistiocytic cells, spindle fibroblastic cells, and histiocytes, in a storiform pattern.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIB includes: T2b, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion but not up to the pelvic wall. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Unresectable Sarcoma

A sarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Decreased NCF1 Expression

An indication that the expression of NCF1 is lower than the normal range of values.


Stage II Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, M0. T2: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm in which the tumor extends to other genital structures (ovary, tube, vagina, broad ligaments) by metastasis or direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Smoldering Systemic Mastocytosis with an Associated Hematological Neoplasm

Smoldering systemic mastocytosis associated with the presence of a clonal non-mast cell hematologic neoplasm (e.g., myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myeloproliferative disorder, acute myeloid leukemia, and lymphoma).


Human papillomavirus negative squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma not associated with human papilloma virus infection.


Stage II Cervical Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: II (T2, N0, M0); IIA (T2a, N0, M0); IIB (T2b, N0, M0). T2: Cervical carcinoma invades beyond uterus but not to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T2a: Tumor without parametrial invasion. T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Recurrent Anal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of anal mucinous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Prostate Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of prostate carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


PALB2-Associated Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm caused by deleterious germline mutation in the PALB2 gene. This mutation is associated with the development of breast carcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma.


Maternal Proteinuria

The presence of excessive protein, chiefly albumin but also globulin, in the urine of a pregnant woman.


Liver Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF.


Pancreatic Moderately Differentiated Ductal Adenocarcinoma

A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of medium-sized duct-like structures and small malignant tubular glandular structures.


Esophageal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of esophageal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Type I Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

A classification of primary endometrial adenocarcinomas that refers to endometrioid adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma.


Stage 0 Vulvar Carcinoma

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ (preinvasive carcinoma. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Retention cyst

A cyst that is formed because of the blockage of the duct of a glandular organ. This results in the retention of the glandular secretions.


Hemolytic disease of fetus OR newborn due to ABO immunization

A condition of the newborn characterized by the destruction of red blood cells initiated by the transmission of anti-A or anti-B antibodies from a mother to the child via the placenta against A or B antigens of the newborn's blood.


Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic in the Soft Tissue

A carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland and has spread to the soft tissues.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IIIA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T0-2, N1, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to viscera

A malignant neoplasm which has spread from its original site of growth to any visceral site.


Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia not associated with cytogenetic abnormalities.


Adenocarcinoma in tubulovillous adenoma

A non-invasive or invasive adenocarcinoma arising from a tubulovillous adenoma.


Recurrent Giant Cell Glioblastoma

The reemergence of giant cell glioblastoma after a period of remission.


Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst

An odontogenic cyst that is entirely or predominantly lined by orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. (WHO 2017)


Breast Solid Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the breast.  It is characterized by the presence of cellular solid nests and trabeculae that contain spindle-shaped, plasmacytoid, and large neuroendocrine cells.


Primary Meningeal Melanocytic Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant circumscribed or diffuse neoplasm that arises from melanocytes in the leptomeninges.  It includes meningeal melanocytoma, meningeal melanoma, meningeal melanocytoma of intermediate grade, and meningeal melanocytosis.


Lugano Classification Stage IV Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or noncontiguous extralymphatic organ involvement in conjunction with nodal stage II disease; or any extralymphatic organ involvement in nodal stage III disease. Stage IV includes any involvement of the CSF, bone marrow, liver, or lungs (other than by direct extension in stage IIE disease). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Gastric infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the stomach.


Anal Inflammatory Cloacogenic Polyp

A non-neoplastic polypoid lesion that arises from the anal transitional zone.  It is characterized by the presence of hyperplastic rectal mucosa that is partially covered by squamous or transitional epithelium.


Peritoneal and retroperitoneal disorders

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the peritoneum and/or retroperitoneum.


Recurrent Childhood Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

The reemergence of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T2b, Any N, M0. T2b: Cervical carcinoma invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina with parametrial invasion. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Single Ventricle Defect

A diverse group of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities that share one characteristic, the presence of a single functional cardiac ventricle.


Hepatocellular carcinoma, spindle cell variant

A morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle cells or atypical giant cells.


Non-Neoplastic Digestive System Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, anus, liver, biliary system, and pancreas. Representative examples include infections, ulcers, cirrhosis, and diverticulosis.


Second Primary Tumor

A new primary neoplasm that occurs in a person who was previously diagnosed with another primary neoplasm.


Infiltrating Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma with Mixed Differentiation


Metastatic non-small cell carcinoma

Non-small cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Malignant Visual Pathway Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the visual pathway.


Metastatic Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma

Carcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater and has spread to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Childhood Glioblastoma

The reemergence of glioblastoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Firearm Injury

An injury sustained by a gun.


Sternotomy Scar

Replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue due to a surgical procedure where a vertical inline incision is made along the sternum, after which the sternum itself is divided. (ACC/AHA)


Refractory Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

A histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IIC Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Primary tumor invades bone, muscle, fascia, or cartilage.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Nail Matrix Nevus

An acral nevus that arises from the nail matrix.


Lugano Classification Stage II Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Pathologic Stage IVA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N2, M0, Any G); (T4b, N0-2, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G). T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Epilepsy congenital

A seizure disorder that is present at the time of birth.


Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Tumor involves lower third of vagina, no extension to pelvic wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Injury to spleen with open wound into cavity

Trauma to the spleen associated with a break in the tissue that extends into the abdominal cavity.


Appendix Tubulovillous Adenoma

An adenoma arising from the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of tubular and villous epithelial structures and it is associated with dysplasia.


Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis.


Unspecified dermatitis due to sun

Inflammation of the skin resulting from exposure to the sun.


Stage III Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: Any pT/TX, Any N, M1, SX. TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. M1: Testicular cancer with distant metastasis. SX: Marker studies not available or not performed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Benign Musculoskeletal Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from muscles or bones.


Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of koilocytosis and disorganization and thickening of the basal layer.


Localized Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that is restricted to the site of origin without evidence of metastasis.


Fine motor delay

Delayed acquisition of age appropriate motor milestones that produce small and precise movements.


Recurrent Malignant Endocervical Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant neoplasm of the endocervix after a period of remission.


Stage 0 Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0).  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Stage IA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, M0, Risk factors: low risk.  T1: Tumor confined to uterus.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Sclerodermatous Graft Versus Host Disease

A rare form of chronic graft-versus-host disease characterized by cutaneous features and/or mucocutaneous features including sclerosis, atrophy, and contractures. It may manifest as localized or generalized disease.


Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-1

A chronic myelomonocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of less than 10 percent blasts in the bone marrow and less than 5 percent blasts in the peripheral blood.


Differentiated Granulocytic Sarcoma

A granulocytic sarcoma composed of promyelocytes and more mature neutrophils (WHO 2001).


Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis

A rare malignant mesothelioma that arises from the tunica vaginalis.


Celosomy

A developmental abnormality characterized by the complex protrusion of viscera outside the abdominal wall.


Phobia, School

An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of attending school.


Diffuse Mixed-Cell Lymphoma

An antiquated term referring to non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a mixed cellular composition. This term applies to both B- and T- cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


Agonizing Pain

A sensation of great anguish and suffering.


Recurrent Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Intrahepatic Bile Duct Microcystic Adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the intrahepatic bile ducts and it is characterized by the presence of microcystic changes.


Refractory WHO Grade 3 Glioma

A WHO grade 3 glioma that is resistant to treatment.


Non-Hematologic Malignancy

A malignant neoplasm that arises from a site other than the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue.


Pathologic Stage II Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2b, N0, M0); (T3a, N0, M0); IIB: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0); IIC: (T4b, N0, M0). T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IC Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IC includes: T1c, N0, M0. T1c: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tubes, with any of the following: surgical spill, capsule ruptured before surgery or tumor on fallopian tube surface, or malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma

A gastric adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with Small Glands, Tubules or Cords


Unresectable Vulvar Carcinoma

Vulvar carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v6

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0) and IB: (T1, N1, M0); (Ta/b, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria or the subserosa.  T2a: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T2b: Tumor invades subserosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 6 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 7 to 15 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Esophageal Mass

An abnormal growth located in the esophagus.


Stage I Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less and is confined within the sphincter of Oddi. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Neuronevus

An intradermal nevus characterized by the presence of nests of atrophic nevus cells which are hyalinized and resemble nerve bundles.


Late effect of radiation

Late radiation injury (LRI) is the damage to the soft tissue and bone following radiation therapy that occurs weeks and years after the radiation exposure. Pathogenesis of LRI stems from ischemia, interruption of the blood supply and direct cell damage. LRIs include but not limited to the skin atrophy, ulceration and non-healing wounds; cystitis, proctosigmoiditis, resulting to fistulas, abscesses, fibrosis and scaring; laryngitis, osteoradionecrosis; central nervous system injury, optic neuropathy.


MGMT-Unmethylated Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma characterized by the absence of DNA methylation in the promoter region of the MGMT gene. It is associated with a poor outcome.


Moderate Grade Fever

Body temperature ranging between 102.1 degrees Fahrenheit (39 degrees Celsius) and 103.9 degrees Fahrenheit (39.9 degrees Celsius).


Benign Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that affects the peritoneum and/or retroperitoneum.


Metastatic Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IIIA Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T3a, T3b, T4a, N0, M0); (T1-T4a, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue). T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue. T3a: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue, microscopically. T3b: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue, macroscopically (extravesical mass). T4a: Extravesical tumor invades directly into prostatic stroma, uterus, vagina. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by agoraphobia in the absence of a history of panic attacks; the individual fears incapacitation or humiliation in open, public places or situations due to panic-like symptoms rather than a full-blown panic attack.


Enterovesical Fistula

An abnormal communication between the urinary bladder and the intestine.


Esophageal Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve either the lower or both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal glandular epithelium.


Cervical Yolk Sac Tumor

A yolk sac tumor that arises from the cervix. Patients present with abnormal vaginal bleeding and a polypoid, friable mass, protruding into the vagina.


Pathologic Stage II Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: pT4, pN0, cM0, Any H. pT4: Evidence of extraocular tumor: tumor at the transected end of the optic nerve, tumor in the meningeal spaces around the optic nerve, full-thickness invasion of the sclera with invasion of the episclera, adjacent adipose tissue, extraocular muscle, bone, conjunctiva, or eyelids. pN0: No lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Urethral Cancer

The reemergence of urethral carcinoma after a period of remission


Neuroendocrine carcinoma, metastatic

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Mental disorder in childhood

A category of psychiatric disorders which includes disorders most commonly identified in infancy, childhood, or adolescence.


Stage I Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades urethral subepithelial connective tissue immediately underlying the urothelium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


malignant neoplasm of lacrimal apparatus

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the lacrimal gland or the lacrimal drainage system.


Recurrent Tectal Glioma

The reemergence of tectal glioma after a period of remission.


Supratentorial Ependymoma, Not Elsewhere Classified

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises from the supratentorial region of the brain, characterized by the absence of a fusion gene involving ZFTA or YAP1 genes.


Systemic disease

A clinical course finding indicating that a disease presents with systemic manifestations.


Secondary Supratentorial Anaplastic Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma occurring in the supratentorial area secondary to a preexisting tumor.


neoplasm of corpus callosum

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the corpus callosum.


Steroid Refractory Graft Versus Host Disease

Graft versus host disease that does not respond to steroid treatment.


Lugano Classification Stage II Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma

A benign adnexal tumor occurring in the face of young female subjects. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial neoplastic cells and keratinous cysts in a desmoplastic stroma.


Ampulla of Vater Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Blastic Phase

Sudden increase of the number of blasts in the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood in a patient with a history of chronic leukemia.


Defective Heavy Chain Present

An indication that cells expressing a mutated or defective form of immunoglobulin heavy chain have been detected in a sample.


Locally Advanced Melanoma

Melanoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Injury to kidney with open wound into cavity

Trauma to the kidney associated with a break in the tissue that extends into the retroperitoneum.


Familial Paraganglioma

A familial neoplasm arising from paraganglia.  The majority of cases (up to 80%) are multifocal. It is caused by mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD genes.


Malignant Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

A malignant germ cell tumor that affects the structures within the cranium.


Chromophobe Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with smooth chromophobic cytoplasm, abrupt focal nuclear anaplasia, and scattered microscopic pseudocysts.


Central Nervous System Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the central nervous system.


Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Associated with Urethral Carcinoma

Infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder which is associated with the presence of in situ or infiltrating urethral carcinoma.


Flexural Skin Nevus

A benign nevus occurring in the flexural skin.


FIGO Grade 2 Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that contains 6-50% non-squamous solid areas.


Acute Placental Infarction

A focus of necrotic placental parenchyma with clearly visible outlines of necrotic villous structures and absence of any hyalinization and fibrosis, which is frequently 1-2 days of duration.


Skin Bruise

Extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous space.


Recurrent Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Cerebellar Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors

Glioneuronal and neuronal tumors occurring in the cerebellum.


Radiation Induced DNA Damage

Damage to DNA caused by ionizing radiation.  Can cause base change mutations or strand breakage.


Temporal Lobe Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

A pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma that arises from the temporal lobe of the brain.


Refractory Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube endometrioid adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Intermediate Osteoclastic Giant Cell-Rich Tumor of Bone

A benign but locally aggressive giant cell tumor that arises from the bone.


Stage IB Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: (T1, N0, M0, G2-3, Tumor location: Any); (T2-3, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Lower, X). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus. For adenocarcinoma: (T1, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2, GX).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: Any T, Any N, M1, Any G, Tumor location: Any.  For adenocarcinoma: Any T, Any N, M1, Any G. M1: Distant metastasis.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Sleep Disorder due to General Medical Condition

A sleep disorder (insomnia, hypersomnia, or parasomnia) for which there is strong physiological evidence that the disorder is etiologically linked to a general medical condition.


Advanced Uterine Corpus Cancer

Uterine corpus cancer that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Localized Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the pancreas and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Recurrent Malignant Lymphoid Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant lymphoid neoplasm after a period of remission.


Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Disseminated

Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting with disseminated disease.


Claudin-Low

A genetic profile indicating low expression of cellular tight junction proteins, including E-cadherin, which is often associated with triple-negative breast cancer and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.


Cutaneous Melanoma of the Extremity

A cutaneous melanoma that arises from the upper or lower extremity.


Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

A rapidly growing serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of high grade cytologic features and frequent mitotic figures.


Occipital Diastasis

Birth trauma caused by excessive pressure to the suboccipital region of the skull resulting in separation of the occipital squama from the lateral or condylar parts of the occipital bone. It is a serious injury that may lead to subdural hemorrhage in the posterior fossa.


Adrenocortical hyperplasia

Congenital or acquired hyperplasia of the cells of the adrenal cortex.


Mucocele

A mucous containing cyst arising from the minor salivary glands in the oral cavity.


Vaginal abscess

An abscess that is located in the vagina.


Malignant tumor of optic nerve

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the optic nerve.


Bacillary Peliosis

An infection that is caused by Bartonella henselae, which occurs primarily in immunocompromised persons; it is characterized by blood-filled cysts in the liver and spleen.


Multifocal nodular oncocytic hyperplasia of salivary gland

A rare lesion characterized by multiple non-neoplastic nodular proliferations composed of cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm (oncocytes) and/or clear cytoplasm (clear cells) in one or both parotid glands. (WHO 2017)


Placental Malformation

A non-neoplastic abnormality that affects the placenta. Representative examples include multi-lobed and bilobed placenta.


COVID-19-Associated Myalgia

Myalgia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NUP98 Rearrangement

An acute myeloid leukemia that occurs in childhood and is characterized by the rearrangement of the NUP98 gene.


Stage IIB Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Infectious Disorder

An infectious disorder that occurs in childhood.


Acute gonococcal infection, of upper genitourinary tract

A gonococcal infection of the upper urinary tract that is rapid in onset.


Lipidized Glioblastoma

A rare glioblastoma characterized by the presence of a predominant population of neoplastic cells with foamy cytoplasm.


Maternal Sepsis

A pathologic response to infection in a mother or pregnant woman.


Lugano Classification Advanced Stage Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Advanced stage childhood Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Lugano classification criteria. It includes stages III and IV. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IV Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1, Any G.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Chest Wall Mass

An abnormal growth in the chest wall.


Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Gastric-Type

A rare mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from gastric metaplasia of the endometrium.


Abnormal Growth Hormone

A laboratory test result which indicates abnormal levels of growth hormone in a biologic specimen.


Adult Anaplastic (Malignant) Meningioma

An anaplastic (malignant) meningioma occurring in adults.


Neonatal Listeriosis

A bacterial infection by Listeria monocytogenes in a newborn infant up to 28 days old.


Late effect of medical intervention

Any symptom or condition which is a result of a medical intervention but arises months or years after it.


Cutaneous Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the skin.


Serous papillary cystic tumor of borderline malignancy

A low malignant potential cystic serous epithelial neoplasm arising from the ovary. Cases with identical morphology have been described arising from the peritoneum as well. It is characterized by an atypical epithelial proliferation and a papillary growth pattern. There is no evidence of destructive stromal invasion.


Stage I Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Executive dysfunction

Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral difficulties that often occur in conjunction with frontal lobe disorders, including traumatic injury and dementia. It is also a feature of attention deficit disorder and other non-trauma-induced conditions.


Virus-Related Malignant Neoplasm

This category currently includes only malignancies in which there is a well documented association between the neoplastic process and a specific virus as a causative agent.


Low Hemoglobin Level

A lower than average level of hemoglobin in a sample.


Oligometastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Postpartum Obstetric Air Embolism

Presence of a large air bubble in the maternal vascular system which originated from a distant site during the postpartum period.


Bone Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of bone cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Non-Neoplastic Heart Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the heart and/or the pericardium.  Representative examples include congestive heart disease, endocarditis, and constrictive pericarditis.


Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma measuring more than 5 mm in depth and equal or less than 4 cm in maximum diameter. (FIGO 2009)


Radiating Chest Pain in Upper Sternum

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the upper portion of the sternum.


Death by strangulation

Choking or arrest of respiration due to occlusion of the air passages; arrest of circulation in a part due to compression.


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage III

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process characterized by the presence of mild dysplastic cytological changes which are usually present in the lower part of the squamous epithelium.  Representative examples include the low grade esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, low grade cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, low grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, and low grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.


Chest Pain Along Right Anterior Axillary Line

The location of the chest pain is along the anterior axillary line on the right side.


Radiating Chest Pain in Mid Sternum

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the middle portion of the sternum.


intestinal type adenocarcinoma of gallbladder

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic tubular glands lined by columnar cells or neoplastic glands lined by goblet cells.


Stage IA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Lesion measuring 2 cm or less, confined to the vulva and/or perineum, and with stromal invasion of 1.0 mm or less. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Disorder of Androgen Synthesis

An enzyme deficiency in the androgen biosynthesis pathway, resulting in the underproduction of one or more androgens by the adrenal glands and/or gonads.


Recurrent B-Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable, with Features Intermediate between Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

The reemergence of B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIA Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T1, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Prostate Carcinoma

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0, G1.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.  N0: No regional metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia) (Gleason 2-4).  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A malignant neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation. It is characterized by the presence of atypical round to spindle-shaped cells, increased cellularity, necrotic change and high mitotic activity.


Recurrent Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

The reemergence of dedifferentiated liposarcoma after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the central nervous system and has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Injury to diaphragm without mention of open wound into cavity

Trauma to the diaphragm without indication of associated damage to the skin and other internal and external tissues.


Ann Arbor Stage I Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Prostate Basal Cell Carcinoma

An invasive prostate carcinoma composed of prostatic basal cells.


Immune-Mediated Coagulopathy

Disorders of coagulation caused by autoantibodies generated against native coagulation factors or therapeutically-administered hemostatic agents.


Mesenteric thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of a mesenteric vein or mesenteric artery.


Optic Nerve Injuries

Injury to the optic nerve.


Stage IVB Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis including inguinal lymph nodes, lung, liver, bone, or intraperitoneal metastases. Metastases to pelvic or paraaortic lymph nodes, or vagina are excluded. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Stage I Low Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Breast Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm arising from the breast.


Adult Myxopapillary Ependymoma

A myxopapillary ependymoma that occurs during adulthood.


Lugano Classification Stage IE Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IE: Single extralymphatic site in the absence of nodal involvement (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Diffuse Astrocytoma, IDH-Wildtype

Diffuse astrocytoma lacking mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 genes.


Infectious Meningoencephalitis

Inflammation of the meninges and brain caused by an infectious agent.


Nodular Sclerosis Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma, Syncytial Variant


Breast Ductal Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the epithelial cells in the breast ducts. It includes the atypical ductal hyperplasia, papillary intraductal hyperplasia, intraductal myoepitheliosis, and ductal hyperplasia of the usual type.


Secondary Parathyroid Gland Hyperplasia

Parathyroid gland hyperplasia that occurs in response to physiological stimuli (e.g., vitamin D deficiency, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia).


High Calcium Level

A higher than average level of calcium in a sample.


Metastatic Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises in the female reproductive system and has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Locally Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma

Esophageal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Childhood Anaplastic Ependymoma

An anaplastic ependymoma that occurs during childhood.


Tumor of the Thecoma/Fibroma Group

A sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the ovary or the testis. Representative examples include fibroma, fibrosarcoma, and thecoma.


Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis B virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


Fat adherence syndrome

Violation of Tenon's capsule with prolapse of orbital fat into the sub-Tenon's space.


Stage I Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, without ulceration and mitosis less than 1/mm2.  T1b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, with ulceration or mitoses equal to or more than 1/mm2. T2a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Locally Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Non-Functioning Neuroendocrine Tumor

A non-functioning neuroendocrine tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Urethrotrigonitis

Inflammation of both the urethra and the trigone of the urinary bladder.


Lugano Classification Stage III Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm; nodes above the diaphragm with spleen involvement. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage III Ureter Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into periureteric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Injury of diaphragm

Trauma to the thoracic diaphragm.


Meningioangiomatosis

A rare vascular malformation in the cerebral cortex and overlying leptomeninges.  It can occur sporadically or in association with neurofibromatosis type 2.


Unresectable Lymphoma

Lymphoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Deletion of the Short Arm of Chromosome 1 (1p) Associated Meningioma

A meningioma that is associated with deletion of chromosomal arm 1p.


Cockade nevus

A rare speckled nevus with concentric pattern of pigmentation and central papule surrounded by clear zone.


Localized Malignant Brain Neoplasm

A malignant brain neoplasm that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Drug/Toxin-Induced Aplastic Anemia

Bone marrow failure defined as pancytopenia, due to exposure to a known toxin or drug.


Germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder caused by Human herpesvirus 8

A monotypic HHV8-positive lymphoproliferative disorder that usually occurs in HIV-negative individuals. It is characterized by the presence of HHV8-positive plasmablasts partially or completely replacing germinal centers. Coinfection with EBV is characteristic. In most cases, there is a favorable response to chemotherapy or radiation. (WHO 2017)


DDIT4L Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A gene expression subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by its expression level of the DDIT4L gene.


Unresectable Cervical Adenocarcinoma

Cervical adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.