citrullinemia

Citrullinemia is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of urea cycle metabolism and ammonia detoxification characterized by elevated concentrations of serum citrulline and ammonia. The disease presents with a large range of manifestations including neonatal hyperammonemic encephalopathy with lethargy, seizures and coma; hepatic dysfunction in all age groups; episodes of hyperammonemia and neuropsychiatric symptoms in children or adults, or, can be asymptomatic in some cases (detected in newborn screening programs). Citrullinemia is divided into two main groups that are encoded by different genes: citrullinemia type I (comprised of acute neonatal citrullinemia type I and adult-onset citrullinemia type I) and citrin deficiency (comprised of adult-onset citrullinemia type II and neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis due to citrin deficiency).


3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilization

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An mRNA destabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.


Toll signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


L-mimosine

An L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica.


inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


fatty acid alpha-oxidation

A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway.


NADP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.


xerophthalmia

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Dryness of the eye due to inadequate production of tears. Causes include vitamin A deficiency, Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma.


Localized pain

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


articular capsule

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted].


negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein receptors.


facial spasm

Sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic motor movements (spasms), involving the eyes and muscles of the face.


positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.


glycolipid mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


cell tip

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


Infusion-Related Reaction

A reaction to the infusion of pharmacological or biological substances. Symptoms may appear within minutes to hours following the infusion and may include pruritus, flushing, swelling, dyspnea, bronchospasm, and hypotension.


stress-induced premature senescence

A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to environmental factors such as hydrogen peroxide or X-rays.


deNEDDylase activity

An isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


endothelial differentiation G protein-coupled receptor binding

Binding to an endothelial differentiation G protein-coupled receptor.


tRNA methyltransferase complex

A multimeric protein complex involved in the methylation of specific nucleotides in tRNA.


eosinophil chemotaxis

The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus.


regulation of definitive erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of definitive erythrocyte differentiation. Definitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+.


fibroblast migration

Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


peptide amidation

The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions.


proline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


protein transport to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.


fibroblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population.


Y chromosome

The sex chromosome present in males of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The Y chromosome is absent from the cells of females and present in one copy in the somatic cells of males.


positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.


inner dynein arm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein inner arm, an inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.


negative regulation of amino acid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


prosthetic group metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.


NatB complex

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Glu, Met-Asp, Met-Asn, or Met-Met N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat3p and Mdm20p.


stria vascularis of cochlear duct

The upper portion of the spiral ligament contains numerous capillary loops and small blood vessels, and is termed the stria vascularis. It produces endolymph for the scala media, one of the three fluid-filled compartments of the cochlea. [WP,unvetted].


azole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


alcoholic liver cirrhosis

A disorder of the liver characterized by the presence of fibrotic scar tissue instead of healthy liver tissue. This condition is attributed to excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages.


regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


lingual-facial-buccal dyskinesia

Syndromes which feature dyskinesias as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.


varicosity

Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.


CUT catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs).


nucleobase binding

Binding to a nucleobase, any of a class of pyrmidines or purines, organic nitrogenous bases.


peptidyl-serine autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own serine amino acid residues, or a serine residue on an identical protein.


cellular response to methyl methanesulfonate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.


regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a dopamine receptor signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.


olecranon bursitis

A bursitis that involves the olecranon.


homocysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.


endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


pre-miRNA binding

Binding to a precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) transcript, a stem-loop-containing precursor of microRNA.


negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.


MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with an MHC class Ib protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.


mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland.


chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate.


inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


circadian sleep/wake cycle

The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.


T-helper 17 type immune response

An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria with a key role in inflammation and tissue injury. This immune response is associated with pathological autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 17 cells, most notably interleukin-17, IL-21 and IL-22.


coumarin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


Flight of Ideas

Rapid succession of thoughts pertaining to different subjects that are still connected.


negative regulation of hair follicle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.


epsilon DNA polymerase complex

A heterotetrameric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes processive DNA synthesis in the absence of PCNA, but is further stimulated in the presence of PCNA. The complex contains a large catalytic subunit and three small subunits, and is best characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are named Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Some evidence suggests that DNA polymerase epsilon is the leading strand polymerase; it is also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair.


post-embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the post-embryonic life stage.


thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5,3'-L-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + acceptor + H+ = L-thyroxine + donor-H2.


copper ion import

The directed movement of copper ions into a cell or organelle.


Episcleritis

Inflammation of the episclera, a thin layer of tissue covering the white part (sclera) of the eye.


negative regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.


Nystatin A1

A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.


banded collagen fibril

A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands).


response to symbiont

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Tipranavir

A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.


Malathion

A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.


glutamate binding

Binding to glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


prostatic bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.


CCR5 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR5 chemokine receptor.


otic vesicle formation

The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine, where metabolism is linked to CoA.


herpangina

A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in mouth, has material basis in Human coxsackievirus A16, has material basis in Human enterovirus 71, has material basis in group B coxsackievirus, or has material basis in echoviruses, which are transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated with feces, transmitted by contact with pharyngeal secretions, or transmitted by droplet spread of oronasal secretions. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom sore throat, and has symptom lesions in the back area of the mouth, particularly the soft palate or tonsillar pillars.


skin carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the zone of skin


hyperpigmentation of eyelid

Over-production of pigment in the eyelid.


myosin heavy chain binding

Binding to a heavy chain of a myosin complex.


astrocyte fate commitment

The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte.


negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


chondroitin sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate.


renal filtration cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a renal filtration cell. Renal filtration cells are specialized cells of the renal system that filter fluids by charge, size or both. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.


intestinal lipid absorption

Any process in which lipids are taken up from the contents of the intestine.


specification of axis polarity

The pattern specification process in which the polarity of a body or organ axis is established and maintained.


cranial suture

Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments (scant amount of collagenous dense connective tissue). Examples: sagittal suture, frontal suture.


paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized.


positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation.


gastric motility

The spontaneous peristaltic movements of the stomach that aid in digestion, moving food through the stomach and out through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid + NADP+ = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + H+ + NADPH.


Creatine

A glycine derivative having methyl and amidino groups attached to the nitrogen.


vitamin K deficiency hemorrhagic disease

Deficiency of vitamin K. It may lead to bleeding, manifested with ecchymoses, petechiae, and hematomas. In infants it may cause hemorrhagic disease of newborn with intracranial and retroperitoneal bleeding.


synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

The assembly of a synapse at a neuromuscular junction.


sclerotome development

The progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.


negative regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.


nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CO2 + diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H+ + quinolinate.


interleukin-8 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-8 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex

A heterotrimeric H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex with a substrate preference of chromatin over free histones. It contains a subset of the proteins found in the larger NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; for example, the S. cerevisiae complex contains Esa1p, Yng2p, and Epl1p.


alanine-oxo-acid transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + a 2-oxo acid = pyruvate + an L-amino acid.


hereditary myoglobinuria

The presence of myoglobin in the urine.


diabetic neuropathy

A chronic, pathological complication associated with diabetes mellitus, where nerve damages are incurred due to diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply these nerves, resulting in peripheral and/or autonomic nerve dysfunction.


ubiquitin-protein transferase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase.


positive regulation of heat generation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat generation.


neurofibrillary tangle

Intracellular mass of paired, helically wound protein filaments (also called PHF) lying in the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies and neuritic cell processes. Neurofibrillary tangles contain an abnormally phosphorylated form of a microtubule-associated protein, tau. The shape of these inclusions may resemble a flame or a star.


regulation of aconitate hydratase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.


keratin filament binding

Binding to a keratin filament, an intermediate filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells.


Skin nodule

Morphologically similar to a papule, but greater than either 10mm in both width and depth, and most frequently centered in the dermis or subcutaneous fat.


A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).


hypogonadism

A disorder characterized by decreased function of the gonads. Clinical manifestations in both males and females include poor libido, infertility, and osteoporosis. Additional signs in males include erectile dysfunction, muscle atrophy, gynecomastia and increased abdominal fat. In females, additional signs include shrinking of the breasts and loss of, or failure to develop menstruation.


basilar membrane of cochlea

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A stiff structural element that separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani[WP].


cellular response to erythropoietin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus.


negative regulation of histone ubiquitination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of a ubiquitin group to a histone protein.


hexose phosphate transport

The directed movement of hexose phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


NatC complex

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Ile, Met-Leu, Met-Trp, or Met-Phe N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Mak3p, Mak10p, and Mak31p.


A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm. IDL particles are found in blood and are formed by the delipidation of very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL). IDL particles are removed from blood by the liver, following binding to the APOE receptor, or are converted to low-density lipoprotein (LDL).


purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration

The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction.


positive regulation of TRAIL production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.


cell-matrix adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of an ameboid cell.


somatostatin receptor activity

Combining with somatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system by signaling via G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by proteolytic cleavage: a 14 amino acid peptide (SST-14) and a 28 amino acid peptide (SST-28).


isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.


endolysosome

An transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome, and in which active degradation takes place.


G protein-coupled receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a G protein-coupled receptor.


Paroxysmal hypertension

Hypertension that presents intermittently.


alpha-1B adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to an alpha-1B adrenergic receptor.


anthrax infection

An infection caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria. It may affect the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or skin. Patients with lung infection present with fever, headaches, cough, chest pain and shortness of breath. Patients with gastrointestinal infection present with nausea, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Patients with skin infection develop blisters and ulcers.


negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor.


NURF complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2L in mammals), a NURF301 homolog (BPTF in humans), and additional subunits, though the composition of these additional subunits varies slightly with species. NURF is involved in regulation of transcription from TRNA polymerase II promoters.


positive regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


condensin complex

A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation in meiosis and mitosis.


peptidyl-arginine omega-N-methylation

The addition of a methyl group onto a terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


negative regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.


otic placode formation

The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of the vertebrate inner ear. The otic placode forms as a thickening of the head ectoderm adjacent to the developing hindbrain.


nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + H2O = a nucleoside + phosphate.


polysaccharide digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


CAAX-box protein processing

The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis.


death-inducing signaling complex

A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor, and may control the activation of caspases 8 and 10.


positive regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


threonine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr).


acetate ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.


response to UV-A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-D-mannose residues in oligo-mannose oligosaccharides.


Brain Concussion

A violent jar or shock, or the condition which results from such an injury.


negative regulation of mucus secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


calcium- and calmodulin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate, stimulated by calcium-bound calmodulin.


regulation of heart rate by chemical signal

The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine

The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.


regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.


response to sorbitol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.


microspike assembly

Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.


extrinsic component of omegasome membrane

The component of the omegasome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


depurination

The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar.


embryonic hindgut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


bile acid secretion

The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue.


fatty acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+ = long-chain fatty acid + n+1 CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+.


Abnormal erythrocyte morphology

Any structural abnormality of erythrocytes (red-blood cells).


iron coordination entity transport

The directed movement of an iron coordination entity into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


localized scleroderma

Localized scleroderma is the skin localized form of scleroderma characterized by fibrosis of the skin causing cutaneous plaques or strips.


positive regulation of histone H4 acetylation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H4 acetylation, the modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.


protein unfolding

The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.


melanocytic nevus

A neoplasm composed of melanocytes that usually appears as a dark spot on the skin.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation

The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep.


histidine transport

The directed movement of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


regulation of mRNA export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized actin-based cytoskeletal structures.


G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a G protein. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force.


glycogen phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycogen + phosphate = maltodextrin + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


uridylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an uridylyl group to an acceptor.


RNA import into nucleus

The import of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


negative regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.


closure of optic fissure

The closure of the temporary ventral gap in the optic cup that contributes to its shaping.


dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase complex

A protein complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.


regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.


negative regulation of neutrophil migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.


regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


chronic graft versus host disease

Chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a complication that can occur after a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the newly transplanted donor cells attack the transplant recipient's body. Symptoms may include skin rash, mouth sores, dry eyes, liver inflammation, development of scar tissue in the skin and joints, and damage to the lungs. The exact cause of chronic GVHD is unknown.It likely results from a complex immune-mediated interaction between the donor and recipient cells.Chronic GVHD is treated with prednisone or other similar anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive medications.


regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis.


meiotic cytokinesis

A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.


Junctional bradycardia

An electrocardiographic finding of a junctional rhythm with a heat rate which is abnormally low. (CDISC)


drug-induced liver injury

A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to acute liver failure, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.


Demecarium

The bis(quaternary ammonium) dication obtained by N,N'-dimethylation of the N,N'-bis[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl carbamate] derivative of 2,13-diazatetradecane.


leptin receptor binding

Binding to a leptin receptor.


Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex

A heterodimer GTPase complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains Gtr1p and Gtr2p proteins.


G-quadruplex DNA binding

Binding to G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures. G-quadruplex DNA can form under physiological conditions from some G-rich sequences, such as those found in telomeres, immunoglobulin switch regions, gene promoters, fragile X repeats, and the dimerization domain in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome.


Abnormal heart sound

Any abnormal noise generated by the beating heart.


complement receptor activity

Combining with any component or product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + 17-alpha,20-alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one = NAD(P)H + H+ + 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.


MOZ/MORF histone acetyltransferase complex

A histone acetyltransferase complex that has histone H3 acetyltransferase and coactivator activities. Subunits of the human complex include MYST3/MOZ, MYST4/MORF, ING5, EAF6 and one of BRPF1, BRD1/BRPF2 and BRPF3.


mesodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


sulfinoalanine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine = hypotaurine + CO2.


Erythroid hyperplasia

Increased count of erythroid precursor cells, that is, erythroid lineage cells in the bone marrow.


cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron over time, from initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


Detachment psychological

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


migraine without aura

A migraine disorder characterized by episodes that occur in the absence of preceding focal neurological symptoms.


P-type calcium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(out).


COPII vesicle coat

One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. COPII is best characterized in S. cerevisiae, where the subunits are called Sar1p, Sec13p, Sec31p, Sec23p, and Sec24p. Vesicles with COPII coats are found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state.


protein O-linked glycosylation via threonine

The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-threonine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, and galactosyl threonine.


sulfate transmembrane transport

The directed movement of sulfate across a membrane.


sulfate assimilation

The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds.


potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex

A protein complex that possesses hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity; characterized in animal cells, where it maintains ionic gradients of K+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis; The complex contains two obligatory subunits, the catalytic alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit; two additional subunits, gamma and channel-inducing factor (CHIF), may also be present.


isocitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle.


cellular response to vitamin K

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


negative regulation of phospholipase activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


pteridine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


inhibitory synapse

A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell reduces the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.


Ral protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ral family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


lysosomal lipid storage disorder

An inherited metabolic disorder in which harmful amounts of lipids accumulate in cells and tissues. Because of a functionally impaired hydrolase or auxiliary protein, their lipid substrates cannot be degraded, accumulate in the lysosome, and slowly spread to other intracellular membranes.


insulin receptor substrate binding

Binding to an insulin receptor substrate (IRS) protein, an adaptor protein that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.


cholecystokinin receptor activity

Combining with cholecystokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity. Cholecystokinin can act as a neuropeptide or as a gastrointestinal hormone.


Demyelination

Breakdown, or abnormal development, of a nerve fiber myelin sheath.


pyogenic granuloma

A disorder of the skin, the oral mucosa, and the gingiva, that usually presents as a solitary polypoid capillary hemangioma often resulting from trauma. It is manifested as an inflammatory response with similar characteristics to those of a granuloma.


neurexin family protein binding

Binding to a neurexin, a synaptic cell surface protein related to latrotoxin receptor, laminin and agrin. Neurexins act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.


Wrist pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the wrist.


regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus

Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.


Ximelagatran

A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.


myoblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of an organelle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.


cholesterol import

The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.


kidney papillary necrosis

A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving kidney papilla in the kidney medulla. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in polyuria. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block kidney pelvis or ureter. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to kidney failure.


retinal rod cell development

Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light.


negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.


comma-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.


Arp2/3 complex binding

Binding to an Arp2/3 complex, a protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5).


regulation of superoxide dismutase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.


substrate-dependent cell migration, cell extension

The formation of a cell surface protrusion, such as a lamellipodium or filopodium, at the leading edge of a migrating cell.


poly(G) binding

Binding to a sequence of guanine residues in an RNA molecule.


regulation of adiponectin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.


relaxation of smooth muscle

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


response to UV-C

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.


fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


erysipelas

An infection of the upper layers of the skin caused by species of streptococcus. Erysipelas results in a fiery red rash with raised edges that can easily be distinguished from the skin around it. The affected skin may be warm to the touch.


Arp2/3 protein complex

A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments.


rhombomere development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


cellular response to lead ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration

The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex.


regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.


phospholipase A2 inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of phospholipase A2.


regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


atrioventricular canal development

The progression of the atrioventricular canal over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The atrioventricular canal is the part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.


activation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme phospholipase A2.


zygote asymmetric cell division

The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.


CHRAC

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


ESCRT III complex disassembly

The disaggregation of an ESCRT III complex into its constituent components.


regulation of triglyceride catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.


hypothalamus cell differentiation

The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus.


death-inducing signaling complex assembly

A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


nephric duct formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


siRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional small interfering RNA (siRNA). Includes the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. May also include amplification of the siRNA by RNA-directed RNA polymerase.


annulate lamellae

Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER.


sperm capacitation

A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium.


suppression by virus of host apoptotic process

Any viral process that inhibits apoptosis of infected host cells, facilitating prolonged cell survival during viral replication.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development.


Bradypnea

Bradypnea is referring to breathing that is abnormally slow.


maternal process involved in parturition

A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth.


fructose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.


gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract).


histone H4K5 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


GDP-mannose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


geranylgeranyl reductase activity

Catalysis of the formation of phytyl group from the stepwise reduction of a geranylgeranyl group.


polarized epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.


negative regulation of gastrulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.


eunuchism

The state of being a eunuch, a male without testes or whose testes failed to develop. It is characterized by the lack of mature male germ cells and testicular hormones.


muscle thin filament tropomyosin

A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.


asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate.


palmitoyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoyl moiety from some substrate.


ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex

Any complex that possesses ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity.


oncostatin-M-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by oncostatin-M (OSM) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. OSM can signal via at least two different receptors (a specific receptor and a LIF receptor) to activate different downstream signal transduction pathways.


extrinsic component of Golgi membrane

The component of a Golgi membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


positive regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.


polymorphic light eruption

A red, edematous rash that occurs on areas of the skin with recent exposure to sunlight.


Icatibant

A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.


Subcutaneous hemorrhage

This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to bruising (purpura, petechiae, or ecchymoses).


glomerulonephritis

A renal disorder characterized by damage in the glomeruli. It may be acute or chronic, focal or diffuse, and it may lead to renal failure. Causes include autoimmune disorders, infections, diabetes, and malignancies.


metanephric smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ER membrane insertion complex

A protein complex that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. TA membrane proteins, also called type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C-terminal transmembrane region. Some ER membrane insertion complex subunits are conserved between different species such as mammals and budding yeast.


negative regulation of RNA catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA catabolic process.


membrane attack complex

A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow.


renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production

The process in which an increase in active angiotensin stimulates the adrenal cortices to secrete aldosterone.


G-protein alpha-subunit binding

Binding to a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide.


response to anoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.


allergic urticaria

A urticaria with a basis in a pathological type I hypersensitivity reaction.


forebrain neuroblast division

The division of a neuroblast located in the forebrain. Neuroblast division gives rise to at least another neuroblast.


purine-containing compound transmembrane transport

The process in which a purine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A purine-containing compound is any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.


streptococcal infection

Any of the several infectious disorders caused by members of streptococcus, a genus of gram positive bacteria belonging to the family Streptococcaceae. Streptococcal infections are classified into Groups A, B, C, D and G.


Binding to an RNA molecule modified by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs.


Increased Uric Acid Level

A laboratory test result indicating abnormally high concentration of uric acid in the blood.


phosphotransferase activity, paired acceptors

Catalysis of the transfer of two phosphate groups from a donor, such as ATP, to two different acceptors.


AV node cell to bundle of His cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an AV node cardiac muscle cell to a bundle of His cardiomyocyte.


positive regulation of cellular senescence

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.


protein poly-ADP-ribosylation

The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.


response to cobalt ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.


ABC-type peptide transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + peptide(in) = ADP + phosphate + peptide(out). Peptides exported include alpha-hemolysin, cyclolysin, colicin V and siderophores from Gram-negative bacteria, and bacteriocin, subtilin, competence factor and pediocin from Gram-positive bacteria.


regulation of keratinocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.


volume-sensitive chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.


protein antigen binding

Binding to a protein antigen.


5'-flap endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a 5' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.


bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome

A lung disorder that is mainly associated with chronic allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation and that is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of bronchiolar walls that reduce the diameter of the bronchioles and result in progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction.


phagosome acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


feces

Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified].


nevus, epidermal

A benign, pigmented skin growth caused by an overgrowth of the epidermis. It is typically seen at birth, but can develop in early childhood or later in life. Most cases are sporadic, but familial patterns of inheritance have been observed.


oligosaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


bronchus development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


mesonephric tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.


late endosome to Golgi transport

The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the Golgi.


UFM1 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y = Y-UFM1 + X, where both X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 are covalent linkages.


type I interferon receptor activity

Combining with a type I interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


somatostatin secretion

The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.


establishment of protein localization to telomere

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery.


phosphofructokinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a phosphofructose substrate molecule.


bombesin receptor binding

Binding to a bombesin receptor.


cellular response to bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


septum transversum development

The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.


histoplasmosis

A disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. It primarily affects the lungs but can also occur as a disseminated disease that affects additional organs. The acute respiratory disease has symptoms similar to those of a cold or flu and it usually resolves without treatment in healthy individuals. The disseminated form is generally fatal if untreated.


positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of dendritic spine development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


glutamate decarboxylation to succinate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eiF2alpha phosphorylation.


auditory receptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state that contributes to somitogenesis.


pyrimidine nucleoside salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


neuroligin clustering involved in postsynaptic membrane assembly

The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the postsynaptic membrane in which neuroligins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neuroligins are neuronal cell surface proteins on the postsynaptic membrane that mediate synapse formation between neurons.


positive regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient

The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


deSUMOylase activity

An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves SUMO from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


positive regulation of cilium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.


Ski complex

A protein complex that regulates RNA degradation by the exosome complex. In Saccharomyces the complex has a heterotetrameric stoichiometry consisting of one copy each of Ski2p and Ski3 and two copies of Ski8p.


oxygen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2).


necroptotic signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals which triggers the necroptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, is characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3), and ends when the execution phase of necroptosis is triggered.


rRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.


Genital edema

A buildup of fluid that causes swelling in the soft tissues of the genital area.


3-keto sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxyl sterol + NADP+ = a 3-keto sterol + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.


female pronucleus

The pronucleus originating from the ovum that is being fertilized.


positive regulation of ferrous iron binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.


glutamine transport

The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


pericentric heterochromatin formation

The compaction of chromatin located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by methylation of histone H3K9, into heterochromatin, resulting in the repression of transcription at pericentric DNA.


regulation of chloride transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport.


meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis.


Traumatic arthropathy

Any arthropathy that is caused by trauma.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.


status asthmaticus

An acute exacerbation of asthma, characterized by inadequate response to initial bronchodilators.


aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of aspartic-type endopeptidases.


female reproductive system disorder

A disease involving the female reproductive system.


transition between fast and slow fiber

The process of conversion of fast-contracting muscle fibers to a slower character. This may involve slowing of contractile rate, slow myosin gene induction, increase in oxidative metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.


lymphoproliferative syndrome

A disorder characterized by proliferation of lymphocytes at various stages of differentiation. Lymphoproliferative disorders can be neoplastic (clonal, as in lymphomas and leukemias) or reactive (polyclonal, as in infectious mononucleosis).


lipopeptide binding

Binding to a lipopeptide, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds and containing a nonprotein group consisting of a lipid or lipids.


acromion

Region of the scapula where the latter meets with the clavicle: attachment point of the clavicle to the scapula in some taxa.


regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.


lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.


oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oligopeptides from one side of a membrane to the other. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


transient global amnesia

A condition characterized by sudden, temporary, usually short-lived memory loss, not associated with a neurologic disorder. Affected individuals lose memory function for recent events and have a decreased ability to retain new information. It is usually a solitary event.


metanephric glomerular capillary formation

The process that gives rise to a metanephric glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


Secondary amenorrhea

The cessation of menstruation for six months or more in a female that is not pregnant, breastfeeding or menopausal.


regulation of phosphate transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transport. Phosphate transport is the directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


prostate epithelial cord elongation

The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length.


JAK pathway signal transduction adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two molecules of the JAK signal transduction pathway, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


calcium activated phospholipid scrambling

The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


Phimosis

The male foreskin cannot be fully retracted from the head of the penis.


regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


oligodendrocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oligodendrocyte.


ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic ethers, any anhydride of the general formula R1-O-R2, formed between two identical or nonidentical organic hydroxy compounds.


negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


CoA-ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: substrate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + substrate-CoA.


cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the apoptotic signaling pathway.


response to hydroxyisoflavone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.


antisocial personality disorder

A disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that is manifested in childhood or early adolescence. (adapted from DSM-IV)


thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioredoxin-dithiol + NADP+ = thioredoxin-disulfide + H+ + NADPH.


mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


positive regulation of histone H3-K9 acetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 acetylation.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to vitronectin.


retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized.


regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation.


ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor activity

Combining with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


co-receptor binding

Binding to a coreceptor. A coreceptor acts in cooperation with a primary receptor to transmit a signal within the cell.


exopolyphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate(n) + H2O = polyphosphate(n-1) + phosphate.


mitochondrion targeting sequence binding

Binding to a mitochondrion targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the mitochondrion.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


pons maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


endothelin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by endothelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reactions: a (3Z)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA or a (3E)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA.


trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


Atrophy of breast

Involution of the breast parenchyma.


protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane

The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.


pulmonary hypoplasia

A respiratory malformation characterized by the presence of both bronchi (albeit rudimentary) and alveoli in an under-developed lobe. Both the size and the weight of the lung are reduced. The true prevalence is not well known (1.4% of all births according to Knox et al. 13), but in cases of premature rupture of membranes at 15-28 weeks gestation, the reported prevalence of pulmonary hypoplasia ranges from 9 to 28%. Factors that contribute to pulmonary hypoplasia include adequate volume of the thoracic cavity, pulmonary fluid dynamics, and abnormal fetal breathing movements.


myosin II filament

A bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle

A negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The relaxation is mediated by a decrease in the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain. This can be achieved by removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases leading to a decrease myosin light chain kinase activity, and through calcium-independent pathways leading to a increase in myosin light chain phosphatase activity.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


T-helper 2 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.


basement membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion.


low-density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of low-density lipoprotein particle.


negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.


long-chain fatty acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


Toll-like receptor 1-Toll-like receptor 2 protein complex

A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2).


endodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


bioactive lipid receptor activity

Combining with a bioactive lipid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. A bioactive lipid is a lipid for which changes in lipid levels result in functional consequences in a variety of cellular processes.


Cul7-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul7 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 linker and an F-box protein.


Bowel urgency

A sudden, irresistible need to have a bowel movement.


histone H3-K36 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 36 of the histone.


parturition

The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.


liver regeneration

The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.


negative regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy.


neural plate elongation

The process in which the neural plate is shaped by the intrinsic movement of the epidermal and neural plate regions.


negative regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate is unknown.


establishment or maintenance of monopolar cell polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis.


Bacterial gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis resulting from a bacterial infection.


stem cell factor receptor binding

Binding to a stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), a type III transmembrane kinase receptor.


positive regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export across the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


regulation of male gonad development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.


oxidative stress-induced premature senescence

A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oxidative stress, e.g. high levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.


negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing

A process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by a microRNA (miRNA).


protein lipoylation

The lipoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine.


ESC/E(Z) complex

A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.


carboxyl- or carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a carboxyl- or carbamoyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


Positive Pregnancy Test

A test result indicating the presence of hormones (HCG) in the blood or urine of a woman that confirm pregnancy.


negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.


convergent extension involved in organogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ.


response to cisplatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.


pinosome

A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of pinocytosis.


Bergmann glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


protein histidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein phospho-L-histidine.


sno(s)RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary snoRNA family RNA transcript into a mature snoRNA (eukaryota) or sRNA (archaea).


positive regulation of sarcomere organization

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.


radiculitis

An inflammatory process affecting a nerve root. Patients experience pain radiating along a nerve path because of spinal pressure on the nerve root that connects to the nerve path.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin and contributing to cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.


acute diarrhea

Acute form of diarrhea.


central retinal vein

The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. [WP,unvetted].


U3 snoRNA binding

Binding to a U3 small nucleolar RNA.


D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

The directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


N-formyl peptide receptor activity

Combining with an N-formyl peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

The controlled release of glutamate by a cell, in which the glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.


regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.


pharynx development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth.


copper ion export

The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle.


digestive system carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of any part of the digestive system. Representative examples include colorectal carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma.


protein de-ADP-ribosylation

The process of removing one or more ADP-ribose residues from a protein.


Hypertrophy

Abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ.


positive regulation of serine-type peptidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type peptidase activity.


negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.


methionine adenosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


Blood creatine phosphokinase MB increased


CCAAT-binding factor complex

A heteromeric transcription factor complex that binds to the CCAAT-box upstream of promoters; functions as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors. Typically trimeric consisting of NFYA, NFYB and NFYC subunits. In Saccharomyces, it activates the transcription of genes in response to growth in a nonfermentable carbon source and consists of four known subunits: HAP2, HAP3, HAP4 and HAP5.


GMP reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + NADP+ + NH4 = GMP + 2 H+ + NADPH.


synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic active zone membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.


positive regulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex

A protein complex that stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


Diastolic hypertension

Hypertension characterized diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg on two occasions.


chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons away from the signal during migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity.


positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.