ERBB4-ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4, followed by ligand-induced homodimerization of ERBB4 and transmission of the signal into the cell by the homodimeric ERBB4 complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


protein guanylyltransferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + protein = diphosphate + guanylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an guanylyl (guanosine 5'-monophosphate; GMP group) to specific residues of target proteins.


Notch signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

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Any Notch signaling pathway that is involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


cardiac muscle cell fate determination

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A which occurs as a result of modification of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide by the addition of the sugar 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N). This strategy is adopted by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria to evade cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by the innate immune system.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that decreases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


cation binding

Binding to a cation, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The polypeptide backbones of glycoproteins and mucin-like proteoglycans are extensively modified with a complex array of phosphoglycan chains that are linked to Ser/Thr-rich domains via a common Man-alpha1-PO4-Ser linkage.


polysaccharide immune receptor activity

Combining with a polysaccharide and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


in-chain hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + ATP + an in-chain hydroxy fatty acid = diphosphoric acid + AMP + a in-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA.


zymosterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).


regulation of estrogen secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.


regulation of juvenile hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of juvenile hormone secretion.


cysteine desulfurase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + [enzyme]-cysteine = L-alanine + [enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine.


T-helper 17 cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a T-helper 17 cell in response to an external stimulus.


peptide cross-linking via L-serine thiazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl serine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


regulation of xanthophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.


epidermis morphogenesis involved in nipple formation

The process in which the epidermis of the nipple sheath is uplifted to form an umbrella-like projection.


naringenin-chalcone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2.


alpha-copaene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-copaene.


meiotic telophase II

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase II of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


cephamycin C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cephamycin C.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of cytosolic calcium levels

Regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of a voltage-gated calcium ion channel.


methyl transfer-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by a methyl transfer reaction. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


regulation of premature acrosome loss

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.


Catalysis of the reaction: carboxymethyluridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)uridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.


cuprous ion binding

Binding to a cuprous ion, copper(1+).


negative regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.


regulation of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food.


Catalysis of the transfer of an arachidonoyl (systematic name, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: in the reaction: (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


helvolic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving helvolic acid.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.


resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvins, di- or trihydroxy fatty acids derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically icosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


20-aldehyde-leukotriene B4 20-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 20-oxo-leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4 + 2 H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


aortic valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the aortic valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


nitrite reductase (NO-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitric oxide + H2O + ferricytochrome c = nitrite + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate-4a-carbinolamine = H2O + a 10-formyldihydrofolate.


cell-cell adhesion involved in neural tube closure

The attachment of one cell to another cell along the edges of two epithelial folds, giving rise to the lumen of the neural tube.


maintenance of vegetative meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


glycolytic fermentation to butanediol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into butanediol; effected by some members of the Enterobacteriaceae, e.g. Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, and Serratia.


G2 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-19 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


detection of cAMP

The series of events in which a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; cAMP is the nucleotide cyclic AMP.


histone H3R17 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 17)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 17) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 17.


muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell

The directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus. Tendon cells, for example, produce positive guidance cues that attract muscle cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


O6-methyl-dGTP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction O6-methyl-dGTP + H2O = O6-methyl-dGMP + diphosphate + H+.


sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi.


regulation of defecation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, exosome-dependent

The process in which transcription of nonpolyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; coupled to the maturation of the RNA 3'-end.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(37) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


intracellular sequestering of copper ion

The process of binding or confining copper ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


cell-cell signaling involved in pronephros development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


histone H3-K18 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone.


regulation of cellobiose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.


tagaturonate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate + NAD+ = D-tagaturonate + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = HCl + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDD; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.


11-cis-retinal 3,4-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinal + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = 11-cis-3,4-didehydro-retinal + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


stomatal complex patterning

The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


n-octane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving n-octane, the 8 carbon straight chain alkane used in organic syntheses, calibrations, and azeotropic distillations. It is a common component of gasoline and other petroleum products and the engine fuel antiknocking properties of an isomer of n-octane are used as a comparative standard in the Octane Rating System.


D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate + NAD+ = CO2 + NADH + pyruvate.


tetralin ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetralin + O2 + NADH + H+ = cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+.


modulation by symbiont of host innate immune response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


modulation of spore encystment on host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ecdysteroid = UDP + glucosyl-ecdysteroid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + UDP-glucose = p-aminobenzoate-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester + UDP.


flavonol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.


nitrobenzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrobenzene.


hypochlorous acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypochlorous acid.


pronephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD + D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate = NADH + H+ + 3-dehydro-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = malonate + NAD(P)H + H+.


steviolbioside glucosyltransferase activity (rebaudioside B forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: steviolbioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rebaudioside B + UDP + H+.


negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to asioloorosomucoid.


1,2-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isoorientin + an L-rhamonsylated rhamnosyl acceptor = isoorientin 2'-O-rhamnoside + a non rhamnosylated rhamnosyl acceptor.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-22 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


beta-ribofuranosylaminobenzene 5'-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + CO2 + diphosphate.


ecdysone-mediated polytene chromosome puffing

The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of hormone-responsive genes on polytene chromosomes in response to increased production of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) in Drosophila larvae approaching pupation.


cell morphogenesis involved in semicircular canal fusion

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a semicircular canal epithelial cell acquires the structural features that allow it to contribute to the process of semicircular canal fusion.


AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between an AV node cardiomyocyte and a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


viral scaffold assembly and maintenance

The assembly and maintenance of the viral scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H+ + NADH.


primary amino compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary amino compound.


zygospore formation

The process in which zygospores are formed. Zygospores are characteristic of the zygomycete fungi (phylum Zygomycota) thick-walled and darkly colored, and usually heavily ornamented as well, with many spines or ridges. It is formed between two specialized organs called suspensors, which are themselves usually heavily ornamented, one from each mating partner. The zygospore forms between them and then breaks away.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.


homogentisate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogentisate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


contractile vacuole tethering involved in discharge

The initial, indirect interaction between a contractile vacuole membrane and a site of discharge in the plasma membrane. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior to docking and fusion.


positive regulation of intestinal lipid absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.


cardiac neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac neuron over time, from its formation to the mature state.


(R)-pantolactone dehydrogenase (flavin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + A = 2-dehydropantolactone + AH(2).


histone H3S28 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 28) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 28) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 28 of histone H3.


pseudopodium retraction

The myosin-based contraction and retraction of a pseudopodium.


ferricrocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the chloroplast stroma.


chloroplast mRNA processing

Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs.


isopenicillin-N epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopenicillin N = penicillin N.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


2-hydroxy-ATP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-ATP + H2O = 2-hydroxy-AMP + H+ + diphosphate.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + malonyl-CoA <=> cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + coenzyme A.


positive regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.


optical nerve axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons of the optical nerve following their loss or damage.


tight junction disassembly

The disaggregation of an tight junction into its constituent components.


alpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of alpha-glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.


positive regulation of border follicle cell delamination

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan immune receptor activity

Combining with (1->3)-beta-D-glucans to initiate an innate immune response.


di-trans, poly-cis-undecaprenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans, octa-cis-undecaprenol + ATP = di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


cell gliding

Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell along a solid surface.


positive regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


regulation of response to salt stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.


monoterpene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate + succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA + succinate.


regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.


response to manganese starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of manganese.


Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Methyl-L-selenocysteine + H2O => pyruvic acid + NH3 + Methaneselenol.


specification of pronephric distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate = NADH + CO2 + catechol.


positive regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


cerebellar Golgi cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Golgi cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Golgi cell fate. A cerebellar Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


cellular response to arsenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.


inhibition of non-skeletal tissue mineralization

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of non-mineral tissue, by preventing mineralization of non-skeletal tissue.


beta-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucoside.


negative regulation of pharyngeal pumping

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping.


guanosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.


cardiac left atrium morphogenesis

The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized.


proline binding

Binding to proline.


negative regulation of glucomannan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.


fungal-type cell wall chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of fungal cells.


alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6) linkage.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + nororientaline.


chemoattraction of serotonergic neuron axon

The process in which a serotonergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.


laminaribiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate = D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


autophagosome membrane docking

The initial attachment of an autophagosome membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.


pentose catabolic process to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbons, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.


long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction

Any process that results in an increase in the efficacy of transmission at a neuromuscular synapse.


inductive cell-cell signaling between paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors

Short range signaling between cells of the paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors in the spinal cord that specifies the fate of the motor column neuron precursors along the anterior-posterior axis.


nucleoside-specific channel forming porin activity

Enables the energy independent passage of nucleoside, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


regulation of inflorescence meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of an inflorescence meristem.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


cellular response to plumbagin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: norspermine + oxygen + H2O = norspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.


maintenance of floral organ identity

The process in which the identity of a floral organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


backward locomotion

Posterior movement of an organism, e.g. following the direction of the tail of an animal.


anterior region determination

Specification of the anterior (head and thoracic segments) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of hunchback gene product.


chloride-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the chloride concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


cytoophidium organization

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cytoophidium. Cytoophidia are mesoscale, intracellular, filamentous structures that contain metabolic enzymes.


structural constituent of cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cuticle.


lysine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-lysine + tRNA(Lys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys).


single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.


response to lapatinib

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lapatinib stimulus.


chloral hydrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: chloral hydrate = 3 H+ + 2 e- + trichloroacetate, and chloral hydrate + H2 = H2O + trichloroethanol.


maintenance of right sidedness

The organization process that preserves the right sidedness in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


chlorobenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with a chlorine atoms attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid that is manufactured for use as a solvent. It quickly evaporates in the air and is degraded by hydroxyl radicals that are produced photochemically. The gas acts as a source of ClOx, which helps in the breakdown of stratospheric ozone.


detection of hormone stimulus

The series of events in which a hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


cell communication

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (2S,3R,6S,9S)-(-)-protoillud-7-ene.


inductive cell-cell signaling

Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetate + ATP + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA.


positive regulation of endothelial cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.


FasL biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.


fumiquinazoline C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumiquinazoline C.


disruption by symbiont of host cell envelope

The process by which a symbiont breaks down the cell wall of its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + CTP = CDP-N-methylethanolamine + diphosphate.


suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type I interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


protein-phosphocysteine-glucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + glucosamine (out) = protein cysteine + glucosamine-6-phosphate (in).


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


chemorepulsion involved in precerebellar neuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that repel a precerebellar neuron as a component of the process of tangential migration.


salicylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.


L-threonine catabolic process to propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound propionate.


cellular response to L-phenylalanine derivative

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-phenylalanine derivative stimulus.


heptadec-1-ene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heptadec-1-ene.


acetoin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.


CDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.


response to miconazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a miconazole stimulus.


O-glycan processing, core 5

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 5 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.


malonate(1-) transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of malonate(1-) from one side of a membrane to the other.


tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = NH4 + trans-4-coumarate.


receptor diffusion trapping

The process by which a membrane receptor, diffusing freely within the plasma membeane, becomes trapped in some plasma membrane region. This can happen when a receptor bind, directly or indirectly, to some component of the underlying matrix.


regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


ABC-type guanine transporter activity

Catalyses the reaction: ATP + H2O + guanine(out) = ADP + phosphate + guanine(in).


indoleacetamide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.


ABC-type glycerol-3-phosphate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycerol-3-phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycerol-3-phosphate(in).


4-hydroxyproline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


structural constituent of synapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a synapse.


dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin <=> UDP + 4-O- beta -D-glucosyl-daphnetin + H+.


clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels

The process in which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities.


cytochrome bo3 ubiquinol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ubiquinol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2 ubiquinone + 2 H2O + 4 H+ [periplasmic space].


regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


adhesion of symbiont infection cushion to host

The attachment of an infection cushion of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ADP + H+.


peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA).


D-galacturonate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactonate + NADP = aldehydo-D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+.


regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


cellular response to sodium arsenite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium arsenite stimulus.


thiosulfate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.


retrograde extension

The progression of a neuronal projection over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.


acyl-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP = fumarate + AMP.


regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase.


dendritic cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a dendritic cell, a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


negative regulation of developmental vegetative growth

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.


cerebellar molecular layer structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

Any Notch signaling pathway that is involved in somitogenesis.


CDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + H2O = CMP + phosphate.


visceral muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.


jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid.


negative regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


nopaline catabolic process to proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline into other compounds, including proline.


capsanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate + H+ = L-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2.


positive regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation involved in sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


glucosinolate glucohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a glucosinolate = alpha-D-glucose + a thiohydroximate-O-sulfate. Glucosinolates are a subclass of thioglucosides.


selenol Se-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R + Se-Adenosylselenomethionine => CH3-R + Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urea(out) + Na+(out) = urea(in) + Na+(in).


pupal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pupa is a dormant life stage interposed between the larval and the adult stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis.


response to L-phenylalanine derivative

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-phenylalanine derivative stimulus.


L-fuculose-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuculose 1-phosphate = (S)-lactaldehyde + glycerone phosphate.


cellular developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.


maltose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maltose + phosphate = D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


adenosine-tetraphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate + H2O = ATP + phosphate.


positive regulation of fat cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.


choline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


positive regulation of aorta morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + OH- = 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate.


glial cell differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the amphid sensory organ.


Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + caffeoyl-CoA <=> gentiodelphin + coenzyme A.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network maintenance

The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


maleylpyruvate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate = 3-fumarylpyruvate.


cytosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.


tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Tolerance induction in response to nonself antigens.


transcription regulator activity

A molecular function that controls the rate, timing and/or magnitude of gene transcription. The function of transcriptional regulators is to modulate gene expression at the transcription step so that they are expressed in the right cell at the right time and in the right amount throughout the life of the cell and the organism. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.


positive regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.


icosanoyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ = icosanoyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 NAD(P)+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H+ + pimelyl-CoA = 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + CO2 + CoA.


thiamine-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine phosphate = ADP + H+ + thiamine diphosphate.


response to humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage. This assembly occurs before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.


negative regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


positive regulation of cardiac chamber formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.


branching involved in seminal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the seminal vesicle is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


negative regulation of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching.


dihydropteridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6,7-dihydropteridine, a bicyclic compound with the formula C6H6N4.


transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


memory T cell differentiation

The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.


envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism.


positive regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host glycoprotein

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a glycoprotein on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + H+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2.


plus-end specific microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule.


rejection of self pollen

The recognition and rejection of self pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydrochelirubine + H+.


tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-34 + H2O = inosine-34 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.


L-altrarate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-altrarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.


regulation of shoot system morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot morphogenesis.


taurocyamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + taurocyamine = N-phosphotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H+.


prothoracic disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the prothoracic disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a prothoracic imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult humerous and anterior spiracle.


terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, independent of mevalonate. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis, it is produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


suppression by virus of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


L-hydroxyproline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-hydroxyproline from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + O2 = 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + 2 CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys) = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-lysyl)-sn-glycerol + tRNA(Lys).


negative regulation of positive thymic T cell selection

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-9-alpha-hydroxy-11,15-dioxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.


ribonuclease M5 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.


uracil biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.


deoxyribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.


pancreas field specification

The process in which a specific region of the gut is delineated into the area in which the pancreas will develop.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cystine reductase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cystine reductase.


negative regulation of nigerotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


negative regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.


negative regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.


regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

A process that modulates synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


shade avoidance

Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.


intracellular lysine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of lysine within a cell.


mycothiol-arsenate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + mycothiol <=> mycothiol-arsenate conjugate + H2O.


cellular response to desipramine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desipramine stimulus.


negative regulation of pyroptosis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxymethyl)glutarate + NAD+ = 2-formylglutarate + H+ + NADH.


positive energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


immature T cell proliferation

The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division.


phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


negative regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-CH3 = X + 1-methoxyphenanthrene.


negative regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.


cellular response to disaccharide stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.


regulation of distal tip cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


sweat gland development

The progression of the sweat gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Sweat glands secrete an aqueous solution that is used in thermoregulation.


glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + quinate = O-feruloylquinate + CoA.


negative regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


pyochelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


tubulin-glycine ligase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target tubulin molecule; acts on alpha or beta tubulin.


determination of sensory modality

The determination of the type or quality of a sensation. Sensory modalities include touch, thermal sensation, visual sensation, auditory sensation and pain.


cellular response to glucoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.


7-oxateasterone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + teasterone + NADPH + O2 <=> 7-oxateasterone + NADP + H2O.


oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


myoblast fate determination involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methylarsonite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethylarsinate.


skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle fiber cell. Skeletal muscle fiber differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual skeletal muscle fibers fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + betaine = N,N-dimethylglycine + L-methionine.


negative regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.


signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.


N-methyl-L-amino-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-methyl-L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = an L-amino acid + formaldehyde + H2O2.


actin filament fragmentation

The severing of actin filaments into numerous short fragments, usually mediated by actin severing proteins.


isoprene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + isoprene.


regulation of cytokinesis, site selection

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.


iron incorporation into hydrogenase diiron subcluster via L-cysteine ligation

The incorporation of iron into an L-cysteinyl diiron subcluster, found in Fe-hydrogenase.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.


N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid = CO2 + NH3 + D-amino acid.


peptide cross-linking via 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine

The modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.


inner ear receptor cell differentiation involved in inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new inner ear sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.


arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other.


quercetin gentiotrioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol = 9,10-anthraquinone + 4 H+ + 4 e-.


vetispiradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + vetispiradiene.


C-4 methylsterol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + 6 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 5 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-beta-hydroxymethyl-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + 6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 4 H2O.


regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + H2O = D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + acetate. This reaction is the second step of the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), used to anchor various eukaryotic proteins to the cell-surface membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glyoxylate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate.


meiotic prophase II

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


ecdysone O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + palmitoyl-CoA = CoA + ecdysone palmitate.


agmatine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + ATP = N(4)-phosphoagmatine + ADP + 3 H+.


negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


positive regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides.


mithramycin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mithramycin + NADP = mithramycin DK + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


primary cell septum disassembly

Dissolution of the primary septum during cell separation.


modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


acetylputrescine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylputrescine + H2O = acetate + putrescine.


methyl ethyl ketone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.


2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone 6C-glucoside dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-glucosyl-2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone <=> H+ + 6C-hexosyl chrysin + H2O.


valine dehydrogenase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NADP+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADPH.


abscisic acid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + UDP-D-glucose = abscisic acid glucose ester + UDP.


protein-lysine lysylation

The addition of lysine group to a lysine residue in a protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


chlorophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.


detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone + phosphoenolpyruvate = glycerone phosphate + pyruvate.


cellular response to gibberellin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


The methylation of a glutamine residue in proteins to form the peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative.


16S rRNA (guanine(1207)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


purine deoxyribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.


methanopterin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a methanopterin.


DNA methylation on cytosine within a CHH sequence

The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within an asymmetric CHH sequence in a DNA molecule. H stands for an adenine, cytosine, or thymine nucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.


cysteine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O2 = 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H+.


negative regulation of myofibroblast contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.


ISG15 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier ISG15, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


GCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCC codon.


regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


dendrite arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated and organized into dendritic branches.


regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.


enterocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an enterocyte.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (5alpha)-campestan-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + H2O + NADP.


neuron projection fasciculation

The collection of neuronal projections into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-methylthioheptylhydroximate <=> H+ + 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


polarity specification of proximal/distal axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis.


actinorhodin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of actinorhodin.


response to borneol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.


negative regulation of signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.


dTDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.


Notch receptor processing, ligand-dependent

The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur as a result of ligand binding. Ligand binding at the cell surface exposes an otherwise inaccessible cleavage site in the extracellular portion of Notch, which when cleaved releases a membrane-tethered form of the Notch intracellular domain. Subsequent cleavage within the transmembrane domain then leads to the release of the soluble Notch intracellular domain (NICD).


response to acadesine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.


oripavine 6-O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oripavine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> morphinone + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


acharan sulfate lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in acharan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with a uniformly repeating disaccharide structure of alpha-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronic acid.


cellular response to biotin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


emericellin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellin.


aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane that occur in presence of oxygen.


basophil activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.


sensory perception of itch

A sensory perception which causes the desire or reflex to scratch.


pelvic fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pelvic fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + H+(out) = succinate(in) + H+(in).


calcitonin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide calcitonin.


cellular component morphogenesis

The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized.


amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+ + L-glutamate.


delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linoleate + O2 = A + crepenynate + 2 H2O.


male somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma.


alpha,alpha-trehalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.


regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


cell wall pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


pteridine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio

The process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to its cytoplasm is sensed by a cell.


histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me3.


phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + ATP + H2O = D-phenylalanine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


uracil transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N(4)-methylcytidine in rRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


mitochondrial mRNA modification

The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA + H2O <=> demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


peptide-acetyl-CoA secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of peptide-acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde.


defense response by callose deposition

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.


cellular response to vitamin B2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.


structural constituent of proteasome

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the proteasome.


cochlear outer hair cell electromotile response

A rapid, force generating length change of an outer hair cell in response to electical stimulation. This occurs naturally as during hearing where it serves a source of mechanical amplification.


modification by symbiont of host structure

The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis.


erythromycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythromycin.


central tolerance induction

Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs: the thymus and bone marrow.


modulation of signal transduction in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.


myoblast fate commitment in trunk

The process taking place in the trunk whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+.


cellular response to brefeldin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


D-lysopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-lysine + H+ + NADPH + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.


Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


protein stearoylation

The covalent attachment of a stearoyl group to an amino acid in a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-11beta-hydroxycassa-12,15-diene + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of lysosome size

Any process that modulates the size of a lysosome.


cell proliferation involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

Any cell proliferation that is involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis.


conversion of seryl-tRNAsec to selenocys-tRNAsec

The modification process that results in the conversion of serine, carried by a specialized tRNA(ser) (which can read a UGA anticodon), to selenocysteine.


glutamate synthase activity, NAD(P)H as acceptor

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinone = 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + a quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + trans-aconitate = (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)but-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


helper T cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a helper T cell in response to an external stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = L-ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).


tRNA m6t6A37 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methylthreonylcarbamoyladenosine.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: trehalose(out) + H+(out) = trehalose(in) + H+(in).


trochlear nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, with copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB3 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3. ERBB3 also has impaired kinase activity and relies on ERBB2 for activation and signal transmission.


(S)-nandinine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-nandinine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


adhesion between unicellular organisms

The attachment of two unicellular organisms to each other.


protein guanylylation

The addition of phospho-guanosine to a protein amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.


evasion of host immune response

A process by which an organism avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glucomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucomannan.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tetrahydropalmatine.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


insulin receptor recycling

The process that results in the return of an insulin receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive an insulin signal. Internalized insulin receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


effector-mediated induction of plant hypersensitive response by symbiont

A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont activates a resistance gene-dependent defense response signaling pathway in the plant host, in order to activate a hypersensitive response to induce necrosis. In the plant, this process involves the direct or indirect recognition of the symbiont effector protein for example through plant resistance receptor or R proteins (or R genes).


positive regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.


cyanate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


2-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 2-naphthoate + NADH + H+.


nervous system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.


regulation of optic nerve formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.


transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + D-fructose 6-phosphate.


lupeol 28-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lupeol + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 3 H+ <=> betulinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 3-(all-trans-polyrenyl)benzene-1,2-diol <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-polyprenyl)phenol.


negative regulation of iron ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


chalcone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium.


oxygen evolving activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The evolution of oxygen from oxidizing water is carried out by the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II of plants. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.


The dimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethylserine.


curcumin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polyphenol, curcumin.


negative regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD+ = (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + H+ + NADH.


nucleate erythrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


negative regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


L-valine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-valine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-valine is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


scattered antral spaces stage

The stage in oogenesis when antral spaces begin to form in the follicle cells. Mitochondria form centers for yolk concentration.


intracellular sphingolipid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sphingolipids within a cell.


positive regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that activates, maintains or increases short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


free ubiquitin chain depolymerization

The process in which free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers, are broken down.


Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by internalization and cleavage of the frizzled receptor to yeild a C-terminal fragment that is imported into the nucleus. The frizzled C-terminal fragment is incorporated into large ribonucleoprotein particles and stimulates their egress via nuclear budding.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-amino-4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N-methylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+.


positive regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


iota-carrageenase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose-2-sulfate in iota-carrageenans.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-L-proline + ATP + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + serotonin.


positive regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.


retinal cone cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


nocardicin-A epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isonocardicin A = nocardicin A.


methylisocitrate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = pyruvate + succinate.


cellular response to cyclopentenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.


cell migration involved in prostatic bud elongation

The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another contributing to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.


cell-substrate junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-substrate junction. A cell-substrate junction is a specialized region of connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation

The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland bud epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the bud.


positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


positive regulation of spore-bearing organ development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.


GDP-mannose mannosyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O = GDP + D-mannose + H+.


protein N-linked N-acetylgalactosaminylation via asparagine

A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylgalactosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.


fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: red chlorophyll catabolite + reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = primary fluorescent catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin. This reaction is the reduction of the C20/C1 double bond in the pyrrole system of red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC) to a colorless tetrapyrrole (pFCC) with a strong blue fluorescence.


multivesicular body membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the membranes of multivesicular bodies.


viral capsid secondary envelopment

The process in which a capsid acquires another membrane envelope, subsequent to acquiring an initial membrane envelope.


N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.


maltose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = maltose + 2 phosphate.


butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a butanoyl (CH3-[CH2]2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation.


hydroxylysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.


telomerase holoenzyme complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomerase holoenzyme complex.


regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.


Catalysis of the reaction: methylthioadenosine + H2O = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose.


peptide cross-linking via S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium

The cross-linking of a tyrosine residue to a tryptophan residue and a methionine residue to form S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium.


translocation of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.


gibberellin mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of gibberellin stimulus.


proctolin receptor activity

Combining with the neuropeptide proctolin, to initiate a change in cell activity.


tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.


An adaptive immune effector response involving T cells and B lineage cells. In the case of B lineage cells, the effector cells are the antibody secreting plasma cells whereas for T cells the effector cells may be helper T cells or cytotoxic T cells.