Salt-Wasting 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

A classic form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia characterized by complete absence of 21-hydroxylase activity resulting in deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids accompanied by androgen excess causing virilization in female infants. Mineralocorticoid deficiency results in renal salt-wasting, and if untreated, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and shock.


Appendix Mucinous Cystadenoma

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A cystically dilated epithelial neoplasm arising from the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of a cystic structure that is filled with mucus.


Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis of lymph nodes of multiple sites

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Metastatic Bladder Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Bladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Prostate Cancer by Whitmore-Jewett Stage

A term that refers to the staging of prostate carcinoma according to the Whitmore-Jewett staging system.


Clinical Stage II Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2b, N0, M0); (T3a, N0, M0); IIB: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0); IIC: (T4b, N0, M0). T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia with FIP1L1-PDGFRA

Chronic eosinophilic leukemia characterized by the rearrangement of the PDGFRA gene, most often resulting in the formation of FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion transcripts.


Angiosarcoma recurrent

The reemergence of angiosarcoma after a period of remission.


Glioblastoma by Gene Expression Profile

Classification of glioblastoma into molecular subtypes as defined by gene expression profiling.


Metastatic Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor

A midgut neuroendocrine tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Fluid Discharge

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The pouring forth of a fluid.


Ann Arbor Stage IV Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Stage III Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); IIIC: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but equal to or smaller than 5 cm. T3: Tumor larger than 5 cm. T4: Tumor of any size invading adjacent organ(s), such as the vagina, urethra, or bladder. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in inguinal, mesorectal, internal iliac, or external iliac nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Primary acquired melanosis

A spectrum of neoplastic changes that occur in the conjunctiva and range from melanocytic hyperplasia through degrees of atypia to melanoma in situ. The lesions are generally unilateral but often multifocal and appear as flat, irregular brown discolorations of the conjunctiva. They usually affect middle-aged and elderly Caucasians. (WHO 2018)


Mediastinal Hemorrhage

Bleeding originating from the mediastinum.


Recurrent Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

The reemergence of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Small Cell Neuroendocrine Variant

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of small neuroendocrine cells in the affected glands.


Locally Advanced Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma

Carcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater and has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Intraoperative Respiratory Injury

Damage to the respiratory system during a surgical procedure.


Monomorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A clonal lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is characterized by destructive infiltration of lymph nodes and extranodal sites by a monotonous population of transformed lymphocytes or plasma cells.  It includes two variants: monomorphic B-cell and monomorphic T/NK cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.


Zoonotic Spillover

Transmission of an infectious disease from a reservoir vertebrate population with a high pathogen prevalence coming into contact with a naive human population.


Pathologic Stage IV Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any pT, Any N, cM1 or pM1, Any H. cM1: Distant metastasis without microscopic confirmation. pM1: Distant metastasis with microscopic confirmation. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


EBV-Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor

A rare smooth muscle neoplasm of uncertain biological potential. It is associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection and seen in patients with immunodeficiency, including primary immunodeficiency, HIV/AIDS infection, and post-transplant immunosuppression.


Locally Advanced Carcinoma

A carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Chest Pain Along Left Middle Sternal Border

The location of the chest pain is along the left middle border of the sternum.


Myocardial degeneration

Degeneration of myocardial tissue.


Astler-Coller C2 Colon Carcinoma

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IVB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastrinoma, malignant

A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor.  It is characterized by inappropriate secretion of gastrin and associated with Zollinger Ellison syndrome.  It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Congenital Defects of Phagocyte Number, Function, or Both

A group of diseases or disorders caused by genetic defects within the immune system and comprising: Congenital neutropenia; Defects of motility; Defects of respiratory burst; and other nonlymphoid defects.


Megakaryocytic Neoplasm

A neoplasm affecting cells of the megakaryocytic lineage.


Chronic Cutaneous Graft Versus Host Disease

Chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD) occurring in the skin.


Injury of bronchus

Trauma to the lung bronchi.


EBV positive mucocutaneous ulcer

A rare Epstein-Barr virus-positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder which presents as an ulcerative mucocutaneous lesion. It is associated with immune suppression, including age-related and drug-induced immunosuppression.


Malignant melanoma in junctional nevus

A melanoma arising from a melanocytic nevus which involves the dermal-epidermal junction of the skin.


Recurrent Cancer of Gallbladder

The reemergence of gallbladder carcinoma after a period of remission.


Orbivirus infection

An infection that is caused by Orbivirus.


Unclassified Hepatocellular Adenoma

A hepatocellular adenoma without distinguished morphologic characteristics or known molecular abnormalities.


Congenital arteriovenous malformation of gastrointestinal tract

A benign vascular lesion characterized by the presence of a complex network of communicating arterial and venous vascular structures in the gastrointestinal tract.


Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor Pathway Activation

A finding indicating increases in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activity, activation of FGF-dependent pathways and proliferation of cells in a cellular sample.


Contact dermatitis due to acid

Contact dermatitis caused by exposure to acids.


Congenital His bundle tachycardia

A congenital disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of tachycardia that affects neonates and infants. It results from an increased automaticity in the atrioventricular node and His bundle.


Extracranial Solid Neoplasm

A solid neoplasm involving any anatomic site other than the brain.


Hepatocellular Malignant Neoplasm, Not Otherwise Specified

A rare childhood malignant liver neoplasm with overlapping features of hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.


High Metal Ion Levels

High blood or serum levels of ions which are attributed to one or more medical devices used, such as but not limited to Co, Cr, Ti, Ni, Mo.


Adenocarcinoma endometrial recurrent

The reemergence of endometrioid adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


A myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents and/or radiation that are used for the treatment of neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorders.


Adult Favorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis that occurs during adulthood.


Unresectable Mucosal Melanoma

Mucosal melanoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to soft tissues

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the soft tissues from another anatomic site.


A2/3 Hydronephrosis

Antenatal hydronephrosis with the following clinical findings: 1) an anterior-posterior renal pelvis diameter (APRPD) of greater than or equal to 7mm at less than 28 weeks, 2) greater than or equal to10 mm at greater than or equal to 28 weeks, or 3) any one of the following findings: a)dilation of peripheral calyces, b) abnormal parenchymal thickness or appearance, c) visibly dilated ureter, d) an abnormal bladder, or e) the presence of oligohydramnios suspected to be related to the urinary tract. (Adapted from: Hiep T. Nguyen, Carol B. Benson, Bryann Bromley, Jeffrey B. Campbell, Jeanne Chow, Beverly Coleman, Christopher Cooper, Jude Crino, Kassa Darge, C.D. Anthony Herndon, Anthony O. Odibo, Michael J.G. Somers, Deborah R. Stein; Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system); Pediatric Urology; December 2014 Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 982-998)


Adult Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar variant that occurs during adulthood.


Carcinoma Unspecified Site

Carcinoma in which the site of involvement is not specified.


Locally Advanced Gallbladder Carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage I Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Stage II Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: IIA (T2-3, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Upper, middle); (T2-3, N0, M0, G2-3, Tumor location: Lower, X); IIB (T2-3, N0, M0, G2-3, Tumor location: Upper, middle); (T1-2, N1, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any).  For adenocarcinoma: IIA (T2, N0, M0, G3); IIB (T3, N0, M0, Any G); (T1-2, N1, M0, Any G).  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Posterior Subcapsular Cataract Grade 2

A stage of posterior subcapsular cataract characterized by 30% of the posterior capsule obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


ASS1 Gene Deficiency

A genetic finding indicating that low expression of the ASS1 gene has been detected in a sample.


Cannabis dependence, continuous

Physical and psychological dependence on the drug cannabis, which is associated with a pattern of continuous use.


Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma

A gastric adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Anal Canal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


Bile Duct Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A neoplastic, non-invasive lesion that affects the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of atypical epithelial cells with an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, and loss of nuclear polarity.


Locally Advanced Sarcoma

Sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Locally Advanced Unresectable Bone Sarcoma

A bone sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Borderline Fallopian Tube Neoplasm

A rare epithelial tumor arising from the fallopian tube without definitive morphologic characteristics of malignancy.  This category includes borderline mucinous and serous neoplasms and borderline endometrioid tumor.


Recurrent Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial serous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Platinum-Refractory Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that progresses during platinum therapy or within one month of completing the last platinum therapy.


Stage IV Skin Cancer

Stage IV includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T Any, N3, M0); (T4, N Any, M0); (T Any, N Any, M1).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension with less than two high-risk features.  T2: Tumor size greater than 2 cm in greatest dimension or tumor of any size with two or more high-risk features.  T3: Tumor with invasion of maxilla, mandible, orbit, or temporal bone.  T4: Tumor with invasion of skeleton or perineural invasion of skull base.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M1: Distant metastases.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Shared Paranoid Disorder

A disorder in which a delusion develops in an individual in the context of close relationship with another person who already has that established delusion, most likely as the consequence of schizophrenia or delusional disorder.


Sebaceoma

A benign sebaceous neoplasm arising in the deep dermis.


Breast Papillary Neoplasm

A benign or malignant papillary neoplasm that arises from the breast.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelial proliferations that are supported by fibrovascular cores.  Representative examples are intraductal papilloma and papillary carcinoma.


Castleman Disease, Hyaline-Vascular Type

The commonest type of Castleman disease. It is seen most commonly in the mediastinum. Histologically this is characterized by hyalinized germinal centers surrounded by small lymphocytes in a concentric fashion, giving an onion skin appearance.


Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Giant Cells

An infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with giant cells.


Childhood Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

A classic Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs during childhood.


Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Enteroglucagonoma

An endocrine neoplasm producing glucagon.


Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Recurrent Nevus

A nevus that recurs after incomplete surgical removal, biopsy, or trauma. (WHO 2018)


Venomous Animal Contact

Contact with a venomous animal.


Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Major Congenital Anomaly

A major congenital anomaly is a structural or functional defect with the following three characteristics: 1) Of prenatal origin; 2) Present at the time of live birth or fetal demise, or in utero; 3) Affecting (or has the propensity to affect) the health, survival, or physical or cognitive functioning of the individual.


Carcinoma of unknown primary

A carcinoma which has metastasized from an unknown primary anatomic site.


Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasm (Antiquated)


Clinical Chorioamnionitis

Inflammation of the fetal sac membranes, characterized by otherwise unexplained fever (at or above 38 degree C (100.4F)) with one or more of the following: uterine tenderness and/or irritability, leukocytosis, fetal tachycardia, maternal tachycardia, or malodorous vaginal discharge.


Ventral hernia without mention of obstruction or gangrene

The protrusion of contents of the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall, at the site of the linea alba, without mention of obstruction or necrosis of the herniated contents.


Lumbar meningomyelocele

A congenital abnormality in the lumbar region of the spine, in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column. The protrusion is above the skin surface.


Autoimmune Atrophic Chronic Gastritis

Chronic atrophic gastritis that is caused by autoimmune destruction of parietal cells in the stomach resulting in hypochlorhydria and decreased production of intrinsic factor.


Stage I Low-CSD Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, without ulceration and mitosis less than 1/mm2.  T1b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, with ulceration or mitoses equal to or more than 1/mm2. T2a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Malignant Bladder Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal sympathetic paraganglioma of the bladder that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Infant Leukemia

An acute lymphoblastic or acute myeloid leukemia that occurs in infancy.


Complication due to Medical/Surgical Care

An untoward event that can be attributed to care received during a medical/surgical event.


Ancylostomiasis due to Ancylostoma ceylonicum (disorder)

Infection by Ancylostoma ceylanicum.


Distal Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma arising from the lower third of the esophagus. The vast majority of esophageal adenocarcinomas involve the lower third of the esophagus.


Elevated EBV DNA

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in a sample.


Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1

Squamous or glandular cervical intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of mild dysplastic changes.


Diffuse KATP-Associated Hyperinsulinism

KATP-associated hyperinsulinism affecting all pancreatic beta cells.


Recurrent Acute Erythroid Leukemia

The reemergence of acute erythroid leukemia after a period of remission.


Anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition

An anxiety disorder in which the symptoms of anxiety have been determined to be the direct physiological consequence of a general medical condition.


Stage IVB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma involving distal organs outside the pelvis. (FIGO 2009)


Basal cell carcinoma - keratotic

A variant of basal cell carcinoma with the architectural features of a nodular basal cell carcinoma.  It is characterized by the formation of keratin (horn cysts) in the center of the tumor islands.  Dystrophic calcification is frequently present.


Complication

Any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of, or because of, another disease, treatment, or procedure.


Anaplastic Diencephalic Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma that occurs in the diencephalon.


Philadelphia Chromosome Negative BCR-ABL1 Negative Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia


A reactive proliferation of the conjunctival squamous epithelium not associated with glandular elements.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Right Lower Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the right lower sternal border.


Lymphoproliferative Disease Associated with Primary Immune Disorder

A lymphoid proliferation that arises in the setting of immune deficiency due to a primary immunodeficiency or immunoregulatory disorder. The primary immune disorders most frequently associated with lymphoproliferative disorders are ataxia-telangiectasia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, common variable immunodeficiency, severe combined immunodeficiency, X-linked lymphoproliferative disease, Nijmegen breakage syndrome, hyper-IgM syndrome, and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. (WHO 2017)


Recurrent Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

The reemergence of a histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasm after a period of remission.


Stage III Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Vascular anomaly of eyelid

Any non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels of the eyelid.


Stage III Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma and Sympathetic Paraganglioma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, Any N, M0). T1: Pheochromocytoma measuring less than 5 cm in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. T2: Pheochromocytoma measuring 5 cm or more in greatest dimension or paraganglioma-sympathetic of any size, with no extra-adrenal invasion. T3: Tumor of any size with invasion into surrounding tissues (e.g., liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIIA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0, M0, Any G). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


verrucous carcinoma of vagina

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by a papillary growth pattern, acanthotic epithelium with minimal or absent atypia, and pushing borders.


Testicular Seminoma with Syncytiotrophoblastic Cells

A testicular seminoma characterized by the presence of syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells.


Peritoneal Implant

Deposits of borderline, malignant, and rarely benign tumors, usually from the ovary, on the peritoneal surface.


Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities

An acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities occurring in adults.


High Grade Liver Dysplastic Nodule

A hepatic dysplastic nodule characterized by the presence of high grade atypical cellular changes.


Sporadic Gastric Adenocarcinoma

A primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a patient with no family history of gastric cancer or inherited high risk mutations.


Subacute Placental Infarction

A focus of necrotic placental parenchyma with moderate hyalinization and fibrosis with partial absence of the necrotic chorionic villi, which is frequently 3-5 days of duration.


K ATP Permanent Neonatal Diabetes

K ATP channel-associated neonatal diabetes mellitus that does not resolve spontaneously.


Myeloid Proliferations Associated with Down Syndrome

Myeloid neoplasms occurring in individuals with Down syndrome.  There is an increased risk of acute leukemias in both children and adults with Down syndrome.  In particular, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome children of less than five years of age is particularly high, it is usually an acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, and is associated with GATA1 gene mutation.  This group of disorders also includes the entity transient abnormal myelopoiesis which occurs in neonates and is associated with GATA1 gene mutation.


Resectable Sarcoma

Sarcoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Accident

An unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance frequently causing loss or injury.


Clinical Stage I Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Endometrial cystic hyperplasia

Benign endometrial hyperplasia characterized by the presence of cystically dilated glands.


Imaging Finding

The result of an evaluation technique using a visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues that is performed to determine the presence, absence, or degree of a condition.


Meniscal Cyst

A cyst located at the periphery of the meniscus.


Malignant Lymphoma, Histiocytic, Diffuse


BCLC Stage B Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may benefit from chemoembolization. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Papillary mucinous cystadenoma

A usually benign and less often low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm composed of cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. It is characterized by the presence of papillary structures.


Acute gonococcal infection of lower genitourinary tract

A gonococcal infection of the lower urinary tract that is rapid in onset.


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Rib Injury

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain secondary to trauma to one or more ribs. (ACC/AHA)


Parathyroid Clear Cell Hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the clear cells of the parathyroid gland.


Paradental Cyst

An inflammatory collateral cyst that arises on the lower third molars. (WHO 2017)


FIGO Stage II Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Lesion invades outside of the uterus, but it is limited to the genital structures.


Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm

A paraganglioma that metastasizes to regional or distant anatomic sites.  Extraadrenal paragangliomas have a higher tendency to metastasize, as compared to pheochromocytomas.  Common sites of metastasis include the lymph nodes, lungs, bones, and liver.


Peripheral Pulmonary Nodule

A pulmonary nodule located in the outer third of the lung.


Psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition

A psychotic disorder characterized by prominent hallucinations or delusions that have been determined to be etiologically linked to a general medical condition.


Stage II Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason 7); (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 10 and less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 7); (T2b, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 7); (T2b, N0, M0, PSA X, Gleason X); IIB (T2c, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 20, Any Gleason); (T1-2, N0, M0, Any PSA, Gleason equal or more than 8).  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less.  T2b: Tumor involves more than one-half of one lobe, but not both lobes.  T2c: Tumor involves both lobes.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason 7: Moderately differentiated (moderate anaplasia).  Gleason Equal or Less than 6: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia).  Gleason equal or more than 8: Poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (marked anaplasia).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

The cervical carcinoma has extended beyond the true pelvis or has involved (biopsy proven) the mucosa of the bladder or rectum. (A bullous edema, as such, does not permit a case to be allotted to Stage IV). (FIGO 2018)


Refractory Extracranial Malignant Solid Neoplasm

An extracranial malignant solid neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Encephalopathy of Prematurity

A condition affecting premature infants characterized by white matter injury, which is frequently accompanied by neuronal/axonal disease, that may affect all brain parenchymal structures and is due to a combination of destructive processes as well as maturational and trophic disturbances.


Adult Solid Neoplasm

A solid neoplasm (e.g., carcinoma, sarcoma) occurring in adults.


Severe Aplastic Anemia

Life-threatening anemia associated with a high risk of infection or bleeding.


Flat adenoma

An adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa which grossly and morphologically does not appear as an elevated or polypoid lesion.


Pathologic Stage III Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1, N2, M0, Any G); (T2, N1, M0, Any G); IIIB: (T2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0-1, M0, Any G). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Aggressive digital papillary adenoma

An eccrine sweat gland adenoma with aggressive local growth. Most cases present as nodular lesions on the digits. It is characterized by the presence of tubular and ductal structures with areas of papillary projections into cystic lumina.


Spitzoid melanoma

A melanoma that shares histopathologic and clinical features with atypical Spitz nevus.


Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of an ampulla of Vater neuroendocrine tumor according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the ampulla of Vater. Carcinomas of the ampulla of Vater, including high-grade (grade 3), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas are not included in this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Ductal Eccrine Carcinoma with Spindle Cell Elements

A variant of ductal eccrine carcinoma with spindled cell appearance.


Pancreatic carcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of pancreatic carcinoma after a period of remission.


Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis in which a patient's serum is positive for certain disease-related antibodies including anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCPs), also called anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs),and rheumatoid factor (RF). Screening for anti-CCPs is more specific than RF which can be found in other pathologic conditions. The production of these disease-associated antibodies may precede the development of clinical symptoms by several years. Seropositive patients have a greater likelihood of developing extra-articular complications and a more severe course of disease.


Acquired Rickets

Rickets that is caused by vitamin D deficiency, hypocalcemia, or renal failure.


Diffuse Glioma

A glioma that has diffusely infiltrated the surrounding central nervous system tissues.


Acquired Phrenic Nerve Injury

Damage to the phrenic nerve that was not present at birth.


Pathologic Stage IC Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IC includes: (T1, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well-differentiated. G2: Moderately differentiated. G3: Poorly differentiated, undifferentiated. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Vulvar Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, HPV-Associated

An intraepithelial lesion of the vulvar squamous epithelium associated with HPV infection. It is characterized by maturation abnormalities and nuclear hyperchromasia that are confined to the basement membrane.


Childhood Mixed Cellularity Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Mixed cellularity classic Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in childhood.


Cebocephaly

A congenital abnormality characterized by a malformation of the head. The eyes are hypoteleric and the nose may be absent or misshapen (small, flattened, single nostril) and defective.


Stage I Skin Cancer

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension with less than two high-risk features.  High-risk features for the primary tumor staging are defined as follows: depth/invasion of more than 2 mm thickness, Clark level equal or greater than IV, and perineural invasion.  Anatomic location: primary site ear and primary site non-hair-bearing lip.  Differentiation: poorly differentiated or undifferentiated.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, N0, M1, PSA: Any, Grade Group: Any. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M1: Prostate cancer with distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIC Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: (Any pT/TX, N3, M0, S0); (Any pT/TX, N3, M0, S1). TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N3: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. S1: LDH less than 1.5 x N and hCG (mlU/mL) less than 5,000 and AFP (ng/mL) less than 1,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


More Than Two Separate Tumor Masses Present in the Same Organ

A finding indicating the presence of more than two separate tumor masses in the same organ.


Breast Columnar Cell Lesion

A morphologic spectrum of lesions that arise in the terminal ductal lobular units of the breast parenchyma.  These lesions are characterized by the presence of columnar epithelial cells that line dilated terminal ductal lobular units.  Cytological and architectural atypia may be absent or minimal, or significant enough to raise the possibility of atypical ductal hyperplasia or ductal carcinoma in situ.  Columnar cell lesions are frequently found in breast biopsies but their biologic significance is not known.


Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell

An antiquated term that refers to a lymphoma composed of a mixture of small and large lymphocytes.


Lugano Classification Stage III Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm; nodes above the diaphragm with spleen involvement. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Pre-Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes diagnosed before current pregnancy. (reVITALize)


Type II Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

A classification of primary endometrial adenocarcinomas that refers to clear cell adenocarcinoma, serous adenocarcinoma, and serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma.


Adenovirus DNA Viremia

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of adenovirus DNA in the blood.


Degenerated Schwannoma

A schwannoma that is characterized by degenerative changes such as hyalinization, hemorrhage, calcification and cystic change.


Recurrent Small Cell Glioblastoma

The reemergence of small cell glioblastoma after a period of remission.


Unresectable Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor

A midgut neuroendocrine tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Factor II Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to prothrombin (factor II) in the blood.


Pathologic Stage IB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: (T1a, N0, M0, G2); (T1b, N0, M0, G1-2); (T1b, N0, M0, GX). T1a: Tumor invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosae. T1b: Tumor invades the submucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well-differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G2: Moderately differentiated. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Fetus Small for Gestational Age with Abnormal Doppler

A fetus that does not grow beyond the 10th percentile of conventionally accepted weight for gestational age and has abnormal Doppler studies.


Localized Unresectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma to skin

A squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to the skin from another anatomic site.


Peripheral neuropathy due to and following antineoplastic therapy

Any disorder affecting the peripheral nerves resulting from exposure to chemotherapeutic agents.


Finding

Clinical, laboratory or molecular evidence, or absence of evidence of disease.


Type I Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return in which the pulmonary veins drain into the right atrium via the superior vena cava.


Childhood Solid Neoplasm

A solid neoplasm (e.g., carcinoma, sarcoma) occurring in children.


Metastatic Low Grade Glioma

Low grade glioma that has spread from its primary site to another anatomic site.


Substance-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder

A disorder involving memory impairment (either anterograde or retrograde) that is etiologically linked to the persisting effects of substance use. The memory impairment persists beyond the usual duration of substance intoxication or withdrawal.


Platinum-Resistant Urothelial Carcinoma

Urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to platinum therapy.


Liver Lymphangiomatosis

Multiple lymphangiomas that affect the liver and other anatomic sites. Although histologically benign, diffuse lymphangiomatosis that affects the liver and multiple organs has a poor prognosis.


Supratentorial Ependymoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises from the supratentorial region of the brain in which the genetic analysis for fusion genes involving ZFTA or YAP1 genes was unsuccessful or not reported.


Thoracic Nodule

A nodular lesion that develops in the chest wall.


Stage II Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2/T3, pN0, M0), IIB: (T2/T3, cN0, M0), and IIC: (T4, N0, M0).  T2: Primary tumor greater than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in maximum dimension.  T3: Primary tumor over 5 cm in maximum dimension.  T4: Primary tumor invades bone, muscle, fascia, or cartilage.  pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis by pathologic examination.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis by clinical examination.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Mixed subtype adenocarcinoma of lung

The most frequently seen morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by a mixture of architectural patterns, including acinar, papillary, bronchioloalveolar, and solid pattern.


Vital Exhaustion

A condition characterized by excessive fatigue and lack of energy, increasing irritability, and feelings of demoralization. Persons who experience this condition are not at an increased risk for cancer.


Hemorrhagic cyst

A cyst containing blood.


Recurrent Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of anal canal squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIA1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina and is equal or less than 4 cm in diameter. (FIGO 2009)


Non-Neoplastic Muscle Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscles.


Stage III Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor


Vaginal Adenoid Basal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of nests of basaloid cells with focal glandular formations.


Retinoblastoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of retinoblastoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system does not apply to central nervous system component of "trilateral retinoblastoma" (is staged according to the classification for brain and spinal cord), retinoma (or retinocytoma) (no AJCC staging system), and medulloepithelioma (no AJCC staging system). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Serious Adverse Drug Reaction

A noxious and unintended response to a medicinal product occurring at any dose that results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or results in a congenital anomaly/birth defect.


Gallbladder Intracholecystic Papillary (Tubular) Neoplasm with Intermediate Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

An intracholecystic papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of moderate epithelial atypia.


Recurrent Glioblastoma

The reemergence of glioblastoma after a period of remission.


Thoracoschisis

A congenital fissure of the thoracic wall.


Unresectable Distal Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

Distal esophagus adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Barrett Esophagus

Glandular intraepithelial neoplasia arising in Barrett esophagus.


Small plaque parapsoriasis

A variant of parapsoriasis in which the plaques are small.


Gallbladder Cribriform Carcinoma

A rare variant of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.  It is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial infiltrate with a cribriform growth pattern.


Accelerated Phase Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

Rapid progression of a myeloproliferative neoplasm, characterized by the presence of myeloblasts accounting for 10-19% of the peripheral blood white cells or the nucleated cells in the bone marrow.


Refractory Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Lymphoproliferative Disease with Primary Immunodeficiency

Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease with primary immunodeficiency that is resistant to treatment.


Overt Primary Myelofibrosis

Primary myelofibrosis characterized by reticulin or collagen fibrosis in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is usually normocellular or hypocellular. Myeloblasts account for less than 10% of the bone marrow cells. Atypical megakaryocytes are present.


Radiating Chest Pain in Sternum

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the middle of the anterior wall of the thorax, bounded by the clavicles, above, and with the cartilages of the first seven ribs, along the sides.


Reduced WAS Protein Expression

An indication that reduced expression of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP; WASp) has been detected in a sample.


Stage IIIC2 Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC2 includes: T1-T3, N2, M0. T1: Tumor confined to corpus uteri.  T2: Tumor invades stromal connective tissue of the cervix but does not extend beyond uterus.  T3: Tumor involves serosa and/or adnexa, vagina, or parametrial tissue.  N2: Regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Abnormal Blood Gonadotrophin

A laboratory test result which indicates abnormal levels of gonadotrophin hormone in the blood.


hyperlipoproteinemia type IV

A laboratory test result indicating an autosomal dominant condition in which there is increased very low density lipoprotein production, which leads to increased triglyceride concentration.


Mucosal-Dominant Pemphigus Vulgaris

A subtype of pemphigus vulgaris in which lesions are predominantly found on mucosal membranes with relative sparing of cutaneous tissues.


Metastatic Biliary Tract Carcinoma

A biliary tract carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Cervical Glandular Neoplasm

A benign, malignant, or precancerous neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the cervix. Representative examples include endocervical polyp, cervical adenocarcinoma, and cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia.


Drug Exposure

Contact with drug.


Malignant Intracranial Neoplasm by Morphology


Stage IIA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial involvement. (FIGO 2018)


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Micropapillary Variant

Bladder micropapillary variant urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


BCLC Stage D Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

End-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients will receive symptomatic treatment. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Lugano Classification Advanced Stage Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Advanced stage adult Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Lugano classification criteria. It includes stages III and IV. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Behavioral insomnia of childhood

A childhood disorder characterized by difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep due to negative sleep associations, refusal to go to bed, and/or repeated attempts to delay bedtime.


Malignant Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor

A germ cell tumor that affects the central nervous system, characterized by the presence of malignant morphologic characteristics.  Representative examples include choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, and germinoma.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of CNS

A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the central nervous system.


Vaginal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the vagina with histologic features resembling cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma.


Posterior Subcapsular Cataract Grade 1

A stage of posterior subcapsular cataract characterized by 3% of the posterior capsule obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


Neonatal Deformity

A congenital anatomic abnormality manifested during the neonatal period.


Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

An acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs in infancy.


Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia without Atypia

A proliferation of endometrial cells resulting in glandular enlargement and budding without changes in the basic structure of the endometrium. Epithelial atypia is absent.


Locally Advanced Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Breast Papillary Ductal Hyperplasia

Benign papillary proliferation within the ductal system of the breast parenchyma.


Somatic-Type Malignancy

A malignant non-germ cell component that typically develops secondarily within a germ cell tumor. The malignant cellular component is usually sarcomatous or carcinomatous.


Stage IIB Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm and 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N1: Metastasis in one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postoperative Spindle Cell Nodule of the Bladder

A benign, reactive lesion of the bladder, occurring status post bladder instrumentation; histologic exam demonstrates a fascicular growth pattern of plump or elongated spindle cells infiltrating the bladder wall without atypia or necrosis.


Microinvasive Anal Carcinoma

Anal carcinoma with minimal stromal invasion.


Subgaleal hemorrhage

Bleeding between the scalp and the periosteum.


Melanoma of Unknown Primary

A melanoma which has metastasized from an unknown primary anatomic site.


Unresectable Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA (Any T, N0, M1a, Any G); IVB (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung.  M1b: Metastasis to other distant sites. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Neonatal apneic attack

Apnea occurring during the neonatal period.


Locally Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IIIB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into subserosa or into mesoappendix.  T4: Tumor penetrates visceral peritoneum including mucinous peritoneal tumor within the right lower quadrant and/or directly invades other organs or structures.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Dialysis Catheter Embolism

An obstruction of a vessel caused by a detached fragment of an indwelling dialysis catheter.


Pathologic Stage 0 Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Melanoma in situ. Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Bladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Bladder squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Transplant-Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Refractory Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

An anaplastic oligodendroglioma that is resistant to treatment.


Immunotoxicity

Toxicity that impairs or damages the immune system.


Accessory Urethral Gland Neoplasm

A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm affecting the accessory urethral gland.


Stage II Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: IIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIB: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2: Tumor perforates the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invades the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, or pancreas, omentum or extrahepatic bile ducts. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Ampulla of Vater Undifferentiated Carcinoma

An aggressive carcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater.  Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells without evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.  Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


Clinical Stage II Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: cT4a, cN0, cM0, Any H. cT4a: Radiologic evidence of retrobulbar optic nerve involvement or thickening of optic nerve or involvement of orbital tissues. cN0: No regional lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Glioblastoma, IDH-Wildtype

The reemergence of glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype after a period of remission.


Peripheral Hemangioblastoma

A hemangioblastoma that arises from peripheral nerves or extraneural tissues.


Non-Ossifying Fibroma

A tumor histologically indistinguishable from, but larger than, benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone.  It usually arises from the metaphysis of long bones.


Clonal Hematopoiesis

Cellular proliferation of hematopoietic cells where a substantial proportion of the cells is derived from a single hematopoietic stem cell lineage.


Hodgkin's Paragranuloma Involving Spleen

An obsolete term that includes cases currently classified as nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with splenic involvement.


Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB1 includes: T1b1, Any N, M0. T1b1: Tumor with clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2a, Any N, M0. T2a: Cervical carcinoma invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina without parametrial invasion. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Liver Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the liver.


BRCA-Associated Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm caused by deleterious germline mutation in a gene of the BRCA family.


Blood Bicarbonate Increased

Higher than normal levels of bicarbonate in the blood.


Benign Apocrine Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the apocrine glands.


Non-Neoplastic Tracheal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the trachea.  Representative examples include tracheitis, tracheal agenesis, and tracheal atresia.


Gastroblastoma

A very rare biphasic tumor arising in the gastric muscularis propria (usually of the antrum), generally in boys and young men. It is associated with MALAT1-GLI1 gene fusion. (WHO 2019)


Acute synovitis

An acute inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is associated with swelling and pain in the affected area.


Cheilognathoschisis

A congenital abnormality consisting of a fissure in the midline of the lip and upper jaw.


Hemoglobin Trait

A condition in which a person is heterozygous for a globin gene, with a one normal allele and one defective allele.


Cortical Cataract Grade 1

A stage of cortical cataract characterized by 10% of the intrapupillary space obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


HIV lipodystrophy

A neoplastic process characterized by a diffuse poorly circumscribed overgrowth of adipose tissue in the breast and cervical areas, and an accumulation of visceral fat.  It is associated with antiretroviral therapy.  Clinical presentation includes hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and fat atrophy of the face and limbs.


Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v6

Stage I includes: I (T1, N0, M0); IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0); IC (T1c, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor confined to corpus uteri. T1a: Tumor limited to the endometrium.  T1b: Tumor invades less than one-half of the myometrium.  T1c: Tumor invades one-half or more of the myometrium.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IIB Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Mucosal Melanoma

Mucosal melanoma that has spread from its primary site to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Childhood Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

The reemergence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma in childhood after a period of remission.


Refractory Ph-Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Ampullary Noninvasive Pancreatobiliary Papillary Neoplasm with High Grade Dysplasia

An ampullary noninvasive papillary neoplasm of the pancreatobiliary type characterized by the presence of high grade dysplasia.


Spiradenocylindrocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises in a spiradenocylindroma.


Lithium Induced Birth Defect

Congenital abnormalities, mainly cardiovascular malformations, which develop in a fetus when the mother uses lithium medication during pregnancy.


Hematologic Toxicity

A toxicity that impairs or damages the hematologic system.


Metastatic Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Platinum-Refractory Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant female reproductive system neoplasm that progresses during platinum therapy or within one month of completing the last platinum therapy.


Factor XII Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor XII in the blood.


Papillary cystadenoma, borderline malignancy

A serous or mucinous cystic glandular epithelial neoplasm of low malignant potential. It is characterized by the presence of atypical or malignant glandular epithelial cells forming papillary structures with an absence of stromal invasion.


Toxicity due to Psychiatric Drugs

Toxicity that develops due to the administration of psychiatric medications.


Elevated MHC Class II

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of MHC class II in a sample.


Metastatic Unresectable Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Benign Outer Hair Sheath and Infundibulum Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm occurring in the outer hair sheath and infundibulum.


Female Reproductive System Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

A smooth muscle neoplasm that arises from any part of the female reproductive system and cannot be reliably diagnosed as benign or malignant, because of the presence of ambiguous morphologic findings.


Lymphoma, Intermediate-Grade

An antiquated term that refers to a non-Hodgkin lymphoma with intermediate grade histologic features.


SUR1-Associated Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus caused by activating mutation(s) in the ABCC8 gene, encoding the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) subunit of the pancreatic beta cell adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel. Note: Inactivating mutation(s) in the ABCC8 gene result in hyperinsulinism.


Non-Malignant Nodule

A usually circumscribed and non-metastasizing nodular mass.


Stage II Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


Mucosal Melanoma of the Female Genital Tract

A malignant melanocytic neoplasm that arises from a mucosal site of the female genital tract.


Stabbing Pain

An intense sensation of discomfort or distress that is sharp and feels as though a knife has penetrated an anatomical location.


Tissue Rarefaction

A morphologic finding indicating reduced tissue density.


Acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22) CBFB-MYH11

An acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic and granulocytic differentiation and the presence of a characteristically abnormal eosinophil component in the bone marrow.  This type of acute myeloid leukemia has a favorable prognosis.  (WHO, 2001)


Malignant Lacrimal Drainage System Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the lacrimal drainage system.


Metastatic Extracranial Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that arises from any anatomic site other than the brain and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor by FIGO Stage


Transitional Cell Intraepithelial Neoplasia


Abscess of axilla

A collection of pus that has formed in the axilla.


Spongioblastoma, Polar

A lesion characterized by the presence of neoplastic neuroepithelial cells with palisading nuclei. This lesion implies a morphologic growth pattern and it is not considered a clinicopathological entity.


Gastroesophageal Junction Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the gastroesophageal junction.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Clinical Stage IVA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T1-4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0-2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis

A monoclonal expansion of B-lymphocytes with or without the characteristic immunophenotype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It precedes virtually all cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma.


Recurrent Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that has recurred after a period of remission.


intraepithelial glandular neoplasia of cervix

A neoplastic process that affects the glandular epithelial cells of the cervix.  There is no evidence of invasion.  It is classified as low or high grade.


Advanced Childhood Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A childhood malignant solid neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Radiation-Related Angiosarcoma

A malignant vascular neoplasm arising in an anatomic site exposed to radiation therapy.


Nutritional Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets

Nutritional rickets due to dietary deficiency of vitamin D.


Ureteral Kinking

The folding of a ureter, which results in the impediment of urine flow.


Urethral caruncle

A benign, granulomatous lesion that results from the eversion of a portion of the distal urethra, most often at the posterior edge.


Pancreatic Precancerous Condition

A pathologic process that arises from the pancreas and has the potential to evolve into a malignant neoplasm.


Crack

A break or fissure in a structure.


Stage III Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); IIIB: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0); IIIC: (Any T, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or the mesoappendix. T4: Tumor invades the visceral peritoneum, including the acellular mucin or mucinous epithelium involving the serosa of the appendix or mesoappendix, and/or directly invades adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph node measuring 0.2 mm or more) or any number of tumor deposits is present, and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Merkel Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of Merkel cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Acute rheumatic endocarditis

Inflammation of the endocardium in acute rheumatic heart disease.


Refractory Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma

Ampulla of Vater carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Spindle Cell Sarcoma

Spindle cell sarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage I Vulvar Carcinoma

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor confined to the vulva or vulva and perineum, 2cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.).


Hodgkin's Disease, Lymphocyte Depletion, Diffuse Fibrosis

A lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the presence of diffuse fibrosis and a few Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells.


Stage II Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor limited to the pancreas 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor limited to the pancreas, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor extends beyond the pancreas but without involvement of the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric artery.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Visual Pathway Melanocytoma

A benign neoplastic melanocytic proliferation affecting the optic disk and optic nerve.


Metastatic Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube high-grade serous adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Recurrent Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The reemergence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood after a period of remission.


Appendix Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous intraepithelial neoplastic lesion that affects the appendix. It is characterized by low or high grade dysplasia of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Cat bite

A wound received from the teeth of a cat.


Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia

A superficial neoplastic process involving exclusively the vaginal squamous epithelium without extension to underlying tissue.  It is classified as low- or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.


Recurrent Sarcoma

The reemergence of sarcoma after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Glioma

Glioma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Childhood Grade III Meningioma

A grade III meningioma that occurs during childhood.


Benign Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A proliferation of lymphocytes without atypia seen in infections, hypersensitivity reactions or autoimmune diseases.


Bronchial Epithelial Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the bronchial epithelial cells.  It is often associated with squamous metaplasia.


Inverted Squamous Cell Papilloma

A benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by an endophytic growth, papillary pattern, and proliferation of neoplastic squamous cells without morphologic evidence of malignancy.


Refractory Endometrial Mixed Cell Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial mixed cell adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


A non-neoplastic disorder arising in an anatomic site exposed to radiation.


Refractory Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


Unresectable Bone Sarcoma

Bone sarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Nodular Sclerosis Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in childhood.


Stage IIB Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Tumor extending more than 0.5 cm into the pancreas, or extending into peripancreatic tissue or duodenal serosa without involvement of the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumor

A malignant testicular germ cell tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Phrenic nerve lesion

Intermittent, incomplete or complete paralysis with or without tremors to any of the organs or body parts innervated by the phrenic nerve.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IIIB Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T0-3, N2, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Delusional disorder, jealous type

A subtype of delusional disorder characterized by the central delusional theme that the individual's spouse or lover is unfaithful.


Gastroesophageal Junction Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the gastroesophageal junction. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Childhood Astrocytoma

An astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Advanced Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage 0 Low Grade Appendix Mucinous Neoplasm (LAMN) AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis(LAMN), N0, M0. Tis(LAMN): Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm confined by the muscularis propria. Acellular mucin or mucinous epithelium may invade into the muscularis propria. T1 and T2 are not applicable to LAMN. Acellular mucin or mucinous epithelium that extends into the subserosa or serosa should be classified as T3 or T4a, respectively. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis recurrent

The reemergence of nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Bladder Urachal Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urachal urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Stage IIIC Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: Any T, N0, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group 5. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 5: Gleason Score 9 or 10, Gleason Pattern 4+5, or 5+4, or 5+5. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Prostate Carcinoma

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0, Any G. T3: Tumor extends through the prostatic capsule.  T3a: Extracapsular extension (unilateral or bilateral).  T3b: Tumor invades seminal vesicle(s). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Cramping Pain

A sense of discomfort or distress that is spasmodic or clenching.


Hepatitis C Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis C virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


Recurrent Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma

The reemergence of childhood large cell lymphoma after a period of remission.


Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer

Stage III includes: III (T3, N0, M0); IIIA (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC (T1-T3, N1/N2, M0); IIIC1 (T1-T3, N1, M0); IIIC2 (T1-T3, N2, M0). T3: Tumor involves serosa and/or adnexa, vagina, or parametrial tissue. T3a: Tumor involves serosa and/or adnexa (direct extension or metastasis). T3b: Tumor involves vagina (direct extension or metastasis) or parametrial tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes. N2: Regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Infantile Myofibroma

A benign, localized, nodular and well-circumscribed neoplasm seen as a congenital neoplasm or in the first year of life. It is characterized by a biphasic growth pattern and is composed of small, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells associated with branching thin-walled vessels and more mature neoplastic spindle cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm in a collagenous stroma.


Radiologic Finding

Imaging results obtained through a radiology procedure.


Vulvar Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


BAP1-Inactivated Melanocytoma

A cutaneous melanocytoma with inactivation of BAP1, highly atypical large epithelioid cells, and marked pleomorphism.


Recurrent Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant female reproductive system neoplasm after a period of remission.


Bilateral Carcinoma

A carcinoma that affects both sides of an organ in a simultaneous or non-simultaneous manner.


Stage IVA Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, Any G. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M1a: Metastasis in the lung. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Squamous cell carcinoma, small cell, nonkeratinizing

A squamous cell carcinoma composed of small atypical cells, without morphologic evidence of keratin production.


Unresectable Biliary Tract Carcinoma

Biliary tract carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Prostate Cystadenoma

A rare cystadenoma affecting the prostate gland. It is characterized by the presence of multilocular prostatic cysts.


Metastatic glioma

Glioma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Poor Prognosis Metastatic Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumor in which risk factors are present.


Hodgkin Lymphoma During Pregnancy

Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs during pregnancy.


Vaginal Adenocarcinoma of Skene Gland Origin

A rare vaginal adenocarcinoma arising from the Skene gland. It is characterized by morphological and immunohistochemical features similar to prostate adenocarcinoma.


Thoracic meningomyelocele

A congenital abnormality in the thoracic region of the spine, in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column. The protrusion is above the skin surface.


Adenocarcinoma of the prostate stage IV

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (Any T, N1, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (Any T, Any N, M1, Any PSA, Any Gleason). cT4: Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall.  pT4: Invasion of rectum, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Central Nervous System Hamartoma

A hamartoma that occurs in the central nervous system.


Dialysis Catheter Obstruction

Blockage of a dialysis catheter by a thrombus or other substance.


Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Dermatitis caused by substance taken internally

Dermatitis caused by an allergic reaction to an unspecified ingested substance.


Advanced Fibrosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Necrotic tumor

A neoplasm characterized by focal or diffuse tumor cell necrosis.


Cutaneous Erdheim-Chester Disease

Erdheim-Chester disease that affects the skin.


Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T3c, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0).  T3c: Peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and more than 2 cm in diameter.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Congenital Varicella Zoster Infection

An infection, characterized by the rash of chickenpox or shingles, that is caused by the varicella-zoster virus transmitted directly from the mother to the fetus or neonate during late pregnancy or childbirth.


Plasmacytic Hyperplasia Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

An early post-transplant lymphoproliferative lesion characterized by plasmacytic proliferation and architectural preservation of the involved tissues.  It often regresses either spontaneously or after reduction in immunosuppression.  The immunoglobulin genes are not rearranged.  In some cases, a polymorphic or monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder may follow this early lesion.


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis stage II

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Retroperitoneal abscess

An abscess that is located in the abdominal cavity posterior to the peritoneum.


Confusion, Post-Ictal

A period of confusion following a seizure in which the patient does not respond appropriately despite appearing awake.


Unresectable Transitional Cell Carcinoma

A transitional cell carcinoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Congenital Intrahepatic Biliary Atresia

A congenital disorder characterized by blockage or absence of the intrahepatic bile ducts.


Recurrent Cytomegalovirus Infection

A cytomegalovirus infection that has recurred after a period of remission.


Unresectable Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Reactive Epithelial Hyperplasia of the Ciliary Body

An increase in cell number and volume of the ciliary epithelium, usually in response to injury. (WHO 2018)


Lacrimal Drainage System Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct.


Refractory Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

An epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Lacrimal Drainage System Inverted Papilloma

A benign neoplasm of the lacrimal drainage system characterized by an inverted/endophytic or mixed growth pattern. It is the most common epithelial neoplasm of the lacrimal drainage system. (WHO 2018)


No Cardiac Valve Regurgitation

No evidence of any retrograde blood flow through the valve(s) in the heart. (ACC)


A hepatocellular adenoma caused by activating mutations of beta-catenin.  It is characterized by the presence of nuclear atypia and absence of inflammation or steatosis.  There is an increased risk of malignant transformation.


Ancylostomiasis due to Ancylostoma duodenale

Ancylostomiasis that is caused by infection by Ancylostoma Duodenale.


Stage IV Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with RAM Immunophenotype

A high risk pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with an extremely poor prognosis. The blasts show bright CD56 expression, dim-to-negative expression of CD45 and CD38, and lack of HLA-DR expression. This immunophenotype was named after one of the pediatric patient's initials (RAM), from Children's Oncology Group (COG) clinical trial AAML0531.


Vaginal Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the vagina with histologic features resembling the endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.


Late Disseminated Lyme Disease

A late stage of Lyme disease that may present in untreated patients months to years after a tick bite manifested with intermittent bouts of arthralgia, arthritis and neurologic complaints.


Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma in which information on the p16 immunohistochemistry or HPV testing status is not available.


Chest Pain in Left Third Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the third intercostal space on the left side.


Stage IIB Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T2c, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 20, Any Gleason); (T1-2, N0, M0, Any PSA, Gleason equal or more than 8).  T2c: Tumor involves both lobes.  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less.  T2b: Tumor involves more than one-half of one lobe, but not both lobes.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason equal or more than 8: Poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (marked anaplasia).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Dialysis Catheter Infection

A local or systemic infection associated with the use of a dialysis catheter.


Recurrent Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Vaginal Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the vagina. Representative examples include vaginal infection and vaginal fibroepithelial polyp.


Malignant neoplasm of stomach stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T1, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma

A very rare benign lesion that arises from the sinonasal tract. It usually affects infants and children. It presents as a polypoid mass and is composed of cartilage, myxoid stroma, and other mesenchymal elements.


Puerperal endometritis

Infection of the endometrium, decidua and/or myometrium occurring at any time between birth and 42 days postpartum.


Superficial spreading adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma which has spread within the mucosa without further invasion of the underlying tissues.


Stage IV Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A neoplastic, non-invasive lesion that affects the biliary epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of atypical epithelial cells with an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, and loss of nuclear polarity.


Cyst of tonsil

A cystic structure in the tonsillar tissue.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity stage II


Recurrent Anaplastic Ganglioglioma

The reemergence of anaplastic ganglioglioma after a period of remission.


Adrenoleukodystrophy, Neonatal

A rare metabolic disorder that affects neonates. It is characterized by damage of the white matter in the brain and degeneration of the adrenal glands. It manifests with hyperactivity, paralysis, muscular weakness, crossed eyes, hearing loss, seizures, and coma.


Inguinal Mass

An abnormal growth in the groin.


Pancreatic Intraductal Tubulopapillary Neoplasm

An epithelial neoplasm that arises from the exocrine pancreas characterized by the formation of tubular structures, high grade dysplasia, and ductal differentiation. Grossly, it is characterized by the presence of intraductal nodular masses. Morphologically, there are nodules of tubular glands and occasional papillary structures growing in dilated ducts.  There is no significant mucin production. Signs and symptoms include epigastric pain, weight loss, vomiting, steatorrhea, and diabetes mellitus.


Cancer that is not dependent upon the presence of estrogen for metastasis or growth. 2005


Maternal Obesity

Obesity in a female who has a child.


Atrophy of vagina

A condition characterized by the absence of squamous maturation in the vaginal epithelium. It is associated with decreased estrogen production.


Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, Any N, M0. T3a: Tumor involving the lower third of vagina but not extending to pelvic wall. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IB2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma measuring more than 5 mm in depth and more than 4 cm in maximum diameter. (FIGO 2009)


Anal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the anus.


Prolonged grief disorder

A psychiatric disorder characterized by the personal experience of intense and prolonged yearning for, or preoccupation with the circumstances surrounding, a loss that leads to significant impairment in social or occupational functioning. Associated symptoms may include: identity disruption, disbelief, avoidance of reminders, difficulty moving on, emotional pain or numbness, feeling that life is meaningless, and loneliness.


Stage I Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma and Sympathetic Paraganglioma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Pheochromocytoma measuring less than 5 cm in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Recurrent Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

The reemergence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma after a period of remission.


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Sternal Injury

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain secondary to trauma to the sternum. (ACC/AHA)


Stage IV Skin Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the skin and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Moderate-Severe Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

The reemergence of moderate-severe chronic graft versus host disease after a period of remission.


Decreased Peak Drug Blood Concentration

Decreased maximum (peak) concentration of a drug observed after its administration.


Locally Advanced Bone Sarcoma

Bone sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Factor X Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor X in the blood.


Megaureter

Enlargement of the diameter of the ureter, which can be partial or complete.


Refractory Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that is resistant to treatment.


Precordial Catch Syndrome

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain characterized by brief, sharp discomfort associated with inspiration. (ACC/AHA)


Seminoma, anaplastic

A seminoma of the testis characterized by increased cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic activity, and a non-prominent stromal lymphocytic infiltrate.


NK-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

A precursor lymphoid neoplasm that expresses CD56 and immature T-cell markers, lacks B-lymphoid and myeloid markers, and has immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in the germline configuration.


Cervical Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cervical cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Borderline Ovarian Serous Surface Papillary Tumor

A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of papillary proliferations that contain atypical serous epithelial cells in the outer surface of the ovary.  There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


Male Non-Neoplastic Reproductive System Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the male reproductive system. Representative examples include prostatitis, balanitis, and phimosis.


Localized Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

A bladder urothelial carcinoma that has focally invaded into the bladder muscularis propria.


Antepartum Obstetric Thromboembolism

Presence of a blood clot in the maternal vascular system which originated from a distant site during the antepartum period.


Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2


A hepatocellular carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Good Prognosis Metastatic Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumor in which risk factors are absent.


Urothelial carcinoma urethra recurrent

The reemergence of transitional cell carcinoma in the urethra after a period of remission.


Satellite Nodule

Additional, separate neoplastic nodules surrounding a central neoplastic lesion.


Stage 0 Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: pTis, N0, M0, S0. pTis: Testicular cancer with a finding of germ cell neoplasia in situ. N0: Testicular cancer with no regional lymph node metastasis. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cervical meningomyelocele

A congenital abnormality in the cervical region of the spine in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column. The protrusion is above the skin surface.


Refractory Monomorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder that does not respond to treatment.


Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chain Ratio Abnormal

A laboratory test result indicating an abnormal kappa to lambda ratio of immunoglobulin free light chains in the serum.


Stage IIA Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Tumor extends beyond the pancreas but without involvement of the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric artery.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage III Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T0-2, N1, M0); IIIB: (T3, N1, M0); (T0-3, N2, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Hepatobiliary Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples include hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis.


Locally Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G2 that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Induced cataract

A cataract that has been produced artificially or by induction, e.g. as a result of device use, medication, trauma, tears, falls, accidental injury, etc.


Stage IA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor confined to the vulva and perineum, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, and with stromal invasion no greater than 1 mm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

The reemergence of digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 after a period of remission.


Clinical Stage IIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Esophageal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A rare, well differentiated, low grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent. The majority of cases have a polypoid appearance, are small lesions, and found incidentally.


Thoracic Injuries

Trauma to the chest.


Transcription Factor-Associated Monogenic Diabetes

Monogenic diabetes caused by inactivating mutation(s) in transcription factors regulating expression of pancreatic beta cell genes.


Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of nuclear intraepithelial neoplastic changes in the lower two-thirds of the epithelium and parakeratosis.


Anemia due to Increased Destruction

Anemia that results from an increased rate of erythrocyte destruction.


Acute pericarditis

Acute inflammation of the pericardium.


Skin squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma

The reemergence of pilomyxoid astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Stage IVA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma with rectal or bladder involvement. (FIGO 2009)


Human Papillomavirus-Related Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm associated with the presence of human papillomavirus infection.


Metaplastic carcinoma

A general term used to describe carcinomas arising from epithelial cells that have been transformed into another cells type (metaplastic epithelial cells). A representative example is the adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett esophagus. This term is also used to describe carcinomas in which the malignant epithelial cells show differentiation towards another cell type. A representative example of the latter is the metaplastic breast carcinoma in which the malignant glandular cells show squamous, spindle cell, or chondroid/osseous differentiation.


Foveolar-Type Adenoma

A rare neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach.  It is characterized by the presence of foveolar-type epithelium.  It may be seen in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.


Avascular joint necrosis

Death of bone tissue in a joint due to temporary or permanent interruption of blood flow.


Endogenous Infection

An infection caused by an infectious agent that is present on or in the host prior to the start of the infection.


Unresectable Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Small Cell Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma composed of small malignant cells.


Classic Type Trichilemmoma

A benign epithelial tumor arising from the outer root sheath of hair follicles.


Non-Congenital Amegakaryocytosis

An acquired non-neoplastic disorder characterized by marked reduction or absence of megakaryocytes and thrombocytopenia.


Imperforate Vagina

A congenital birth defect characterized by the absence of a normal vaginal opening.


Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: IIIC1 (T1-T3, N1, M0); IIIC2 (T1-T3, N2, M0). T1: Tumor confined to corpus uteri.  T2: Tumor invades stromal connective tissue of the cervix but does not extend beyond uterus.  Endocervical glandular involvement only should be considered as Stage I and not as Stage II. T3: Tumor involves serosa and/or adnexa, vagina, or parametrial tissue. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes. N2: Regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Puncture wound

Disruption of tissue caused by a pointed object.


Central Nervous System Erdheim-Chester Disease

Rare involvement of the central nervous system by Erdheim-Chester disease.


Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries

Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Stage IVA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: (T1/T2, N3, M0); (T3, Any N, M0).  T1: Invasive vulvar cancer confined to the vulva or perineum.  T2: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal 1/3 urethra, lower/distal 1/3 vagina, anal involvement).  T3: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to any of the following: upper/proximal 2/3 urethra, upper/proximal 2/3 vagina, bladder mucosa, rectal mucosa, or fixed to pelvic bone.  N3: Vulvar cancer with fixed or ulcerated regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Malignant Vipoma

An aggressive neuroendocrine tumor located in the pancreas or small intestine. It is composed of cells containing vasoactive intestinal peptide.  It is associated with watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria. It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Squamoid Eccrine Ductal Carcinoma

A variant of ductal eccrine carcinoma with squamoid metaplasia.


Diffuse Pediatric-Type High Grade Glioma RTK1

An aggressive, WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma usually affecting children, adolescents, or young adults. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase type 1 (RTK1) alterations.


Refractory Primary Myelofibrosis

Primary myelofibrosis that is resistant to treatment.


Congenital absence of uterus

A congenital abnormality characterized by the complete absence of the uterus.