farnesol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol + NADP+ = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesal + H+ + NADPH.


3-oxolaurate decarboxylase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxolaurate + H+ = 2-undecanone + CO2.


2-hexadecenal reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + palmitaldehyde = trans-hexadec-2-enal + H+ + NADPH.


membrane reorganization involved in phagocytosis, engulfment

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The assembly and arrangement of the plasma membrane that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


negative regulation of endothelial cell development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.


inward migration of deep nuclear neurons

The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from the rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate to their final more ventral position.


positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.


viral entry via permeabilization of endosomal membrane

The entry of a non-enveloped virus into a host eukaryotic cell, following endocytosis, via permeabilization of the endosomal membrane by membrane penetration protein(s) associated with the viral capsid. In some cases, viral membrane-penetration protein require first to be activated to display its membrane penetrating activity. Activation can be due to receptor binding or the acidic pH of the endosomal lumen.


citronellyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellate + CoASH + ATP = citronellyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


protein localization to early endosome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an early endosome.


indoleacetic acid conjugate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.


positive regulation of ARF protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.


guanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cAMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic adenosine monophosphate + H2O = cyclic inosine monophosphate + NH3.


isopropylmalate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of isopropylmalate from one side of a membrane to the other.


C-22 sterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the formation of the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain. An example reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.


endosome membrane permeabilization involved in viral entry into host cell

Induction of endosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in delivery of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.


heparan sulfate binding

Binding to heparan sulfate.


negative regulation of fusion cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a fusion cell fate. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.


peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine specifically.


cellular hyperosmotic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


uterine smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the uterus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The uterus is a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.


regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.


regulation of acetylcholine uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into a cell.


alternative oxidase activity

Catalysis of the oxidation of ubiquinol by diverting electrons from the standard electron transfer chain, transferring them from ubiquinol to oxygen and generating water as the product.


histone H3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H3 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H3. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


xanthine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of xanthine from one side of a membrane to the other. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.


proteolysis within endoplasmic reticulum associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by ER resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + trans-zeatin <=> H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-trans-zeatin + UDP(3-).


positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide.


protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end.


negative regulation of eye pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-asparagine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl 3-hydroxy-L-asparagine + succinate + CO2.


2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(2'-5')A-P(3'-5') (cyclic 2',3' GAMP).


negative regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.


cyclopentanol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclopentanol.


COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, cis-Golgi to rough ER

The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of cis-Golgi to rough ER transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


epsilon-caprolactam lactamase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-caprolactam + H2O = H+ + 6-aminohexanoate.


DNA transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).


nicotinate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinate.


endoglycosylceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oligoglycosylglucosylceramide = ceramide + oligoglycosylglucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> cyclooctat-9-en-5,7-diol + H2O + NADP.


di-homo-gamma-linolenate delta5 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> arachidonate + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


indolelactate dehydrogenase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(indol-3-yl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + H+ + NADH.


action potential initiation

The initiating cycle of an action potential. In vertebrate neurons this typically occurs at an axon hillock. Not all initiated axon potentials propagate.


maleylacetate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate + NAD(P)+ = 2-maleylacetate + NAD(P)H + H+.


ergothioneine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


molecular tag activity

A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another molecule (for example a protein or a lipid) where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.


peptide N-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the acetylation of an amino acid residue of a peptide or protein, according to the reaction: succinyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-succinylpeptide.


spinal cord commissural neuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a commissural neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


carcinine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carcinine from one side of a membrane to the other.


endocrocin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of endocrocin.


pheophorbide a oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + reduced ferredoxin + 2 O2 = red chlorophyll catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.


NAD transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of NAD from one side of a membrane to the other.


precorrin-6A synthase (deacetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O + precorrin-5 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + acetate + 2 H+ + precorrin-6X.


acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

An acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimuli such as heat or physical trauma.


regulation of cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


positive regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.


modulation by symbiont of host protein ubiquitination

Any process by which a symbiont increases or decreases ubiquitination of target proteins of a host organism.


dehydropipecolic acid reductase

Catalysis of the reaction: dehydropipecolic acid + NAD(P)H + H+ = L-pipecolic acid + NAD(P)+.


intracellular ammonium homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of ammonium within a cell.


abscisic acid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of abscisic acid within an organism or cell.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephronin the metanephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + acetate.


tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell initiated by the action of tissue (glandular) kallikreins on low molecular weight kininogen in response to tissue damage. Tissue kallikreins are present in glandular tissues and their fluids, such as the salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas, and kidney. The ultimate products of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


opioid growth factor receptor activity

Combining with the opioid growth factor (OGF, met-enkephalin) and transmitting the signal across the nuclear membrane. Met-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide that binds to opioid and opioid growth factor receptors, regulating tissue growth in a variety of cellular processes.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)pyruvate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-3-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxobutanoate.


nicotianamine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + nicotianamine = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + L-glutamate.


negative regulation of neural retina development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.


immune complex clearance

A process directed at removing immune complexes from the body. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution.


phenylphosphate carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylphosphate + CO2 + H2O = H+ + phosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate.


interleukin-11 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-11 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


endocardial cushion fusion

The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping.


negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.


accessory nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the accessory nerve This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

Combining with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


precorrin-6A reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: precorrin-6B + NADP+ = precorrin-6A + NADPH + H+.


cellular response to chemokine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: TRIBOA-beta-D-glucoside + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> (2R)-DIMBOA glucoside + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-corytuberine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + magnoflorine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-heptanoyl-CoA + NAD+ = 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + NADH+ + H+.


sucrose mediated signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of sucrose.


modulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in another organism.


ganglioside GT1b binding

Binding to ganglioside GT1b.


flavanone 7-O-glucoside 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-rhamnose + a flavanone 7-O-glucoside = UDP + a flavanone 7-O-[beta-L-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside].


bilirubin oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 bilirubin + O2 = 2 biliverdin + 2 H2O.


regulation of neural crest formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation proceeds.


heterochromatin boundary formation

A process that forms a boundary that limits the spreading of heterochromatin along a chromosome.


foregut regionalization

The pattern specification process that results in the spatial subdivision of an axis or axes along the foregut to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place.


negative regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of bipolar cell polarity.


L-fucose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fucose = L-fuculose.


positive regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sebum secreting cell proliferation.


(1->6)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->6)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->6)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


paspalicine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 13-desoxypaxilline + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> paspalicine + NADP + 2 H2O.


determination of genital disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two.


phlorizin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phlorizin + H2O = beta-D-glucose + phloretin.


chlorophyll fluorescence

The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is re-emitted as light.


mitochondrial tRNA thio-modification

The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate = 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate + CO2 + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxynucleoside phosphate = ADP + deoxynucleoside diphosphate.


generation of mature 5'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Cleavage within ITS2 to generate the mature 5'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


fusion of viral membrane with host outer nuclear membrane

Fusion of a viral primary envelope with the host outer nuclear membrane during nuclear egress. The transitory primary envelope is acquired by the virus as it buds at the inner nuclear membrane and gains access to the perinuclear space. This membrane is lost by fusing with the host outer nuclear membrane during nuclear exit.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


chrysobactin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


3-epi-6-deoxocathasterone C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3-epi-6-deoxocathasterone + reduced (NADPH-hemoprotein reducdtase) + O2 = 6=deoxotyphasterol + oxidized (NADPH-hemoprotein reductase) + H2O.


superior endocardial cushion morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a superior endocardial cushion is generated and organized.


protein localization to photoreceptor connecting cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor connecting cilium.


arabinoxylan-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an arabinoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with arabinose side units.


response to organic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.


negative regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).


histone H2AR3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H2A.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-dienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + H+ + succinate.


perforin production

The appearance of a perforin protein due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.


positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.


positive regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.


all-trans retinal binding

Binding to all-trans retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. All-trans retinal (trans r., visual yellow) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


iron acquisition from host

The process by which a symbiont acquires iron from its host, either from heme or other iron containing molecules such as transferrin and lactoferrin. Begins with either the secretion of symbiont gene products that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules (siderophores and hemophores) from the symbiont cell into the host, or by expression of receptors that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules on the symbiont cell surface. Ends when the iron-containing compound is transported into the symbiont cell.


rhombomere cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of rhombomere cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


trimming of terminal mannose on C branch

The removal of an alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the C-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the salivary gland. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Any inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.


inulinase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 2,1-beta-D-fructosidic linkages in inulin.


R8 cell-mediated photoreceptor organization

The regionalization process that coordinates the recruitment and organization of other non-R8 photoreceptors by the R8 photoreceptor.


centrosomal and pronuclear rotation

The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion.


enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized glutathione + [xanthine dehydrogenase] = reduced glutathione + xanthine-oxidase.


trypsinogen activation

The proteolytic processing of trypsinogen to the active form, trypsin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-methionyl-tRNA + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + N-formylmethionyl-tRNA.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in electroception

The series of events that contribute to electroception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism.


mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


negative regulation of dermatome development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


positive regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.


adrenaline O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-adrenaline(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> metanephrine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


gibberellin 12 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.


16S rRNA (adenine(1518)-N(6)/adenine(1519)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1518)/adenine(1519) in 16S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1518)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1519) in 16S rRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NAD(P)+ = (4R,5S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate + NAD(P)H + H+.


posterior abdomen determination

The regionalization process in which the posterior (abdominal) regions of the embryo are specified by the gap genes.


AAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAA codon.


Notch signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


metanephric capsule specification

The regionalization process in which the identity of the metanephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


positive regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.


leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of maltopentaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.


biopterin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of biopterin from one side of a membrane to the other. Biopterin is a growth factor for certain protozoans and some insects; it is widely distributed in tissues and functions in a reduced form, tetrahydrobiopterin, as a hydroxylation coenzyme.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via the 5'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-tyrosine.


response to L-thialysine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.


positive regulation of macrophage migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


response to microbial phytotoxin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microbial phytotoxin stimulus. A microbial phytotoxin is a chemical substance produced by microbes which is toxic to plants.


phosphothreonine lyase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the phosphate group from phosphothreonine by cleavage of the C-OP bond with the concomitant abstraction of the alpha proton, generating a double bond-containing product.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinol-7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinol-7 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cellular response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephric field specification

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in regions of the embryo being delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop.


DNA-dependent DNA replication DNA ligation

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA-dependent DNA replication.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine nucleoside + phosphate = pyrimidine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-20-one + NADP+ = 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dione + H+ + NADPH.


methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA binding

Binding to methionine-initator methionine tRNA.


R8 cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium.


phenylethylamine metabolic process involved in synaptic transmission

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine that contribute to synaptic transmission.


acinar cell of sebaceous gland differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an acinar cell of sebaceous gland.


plant endodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a plant endodermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + dTTP = diphosphate + dTDP-glucose.


auditory receptor cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


vagus nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


palmitoleic acid delta 12 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoleoyl-CoA + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> (9Z,12Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoA + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


xylem and phloem pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


cytosolic lipolysis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipid droplets and hydrolysis of stored triglycerides occurring through the orchestrated activation of cytosolic lipases.


GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanine + H2O = GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate + D-alanine.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

(S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol.


positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

Any process in which an organism positively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting keto- and enol-groups

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is a keto- or an enol-group, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.


alkyl caffeate ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of alkyl caffeate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrene + XCH3 = 1,6-dimethoxypyrene + HX.


benzoyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzoyl-CoA.


co-translational protein acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring before the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sugar(out) = protein histidine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.


aerobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.


regulation of phialide development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: patuletin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> quercetagetin 3',6-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


limb basal epidermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal basal cell. A epidermal basal cell cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into more specialized cell of the limb epidermis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + trimethylamine-N-oxide = NAD+ + trimethylamine + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H+ = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + CO2.


flagellum attachment zone organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a flagellum attachment zone. FAZ is a network of cytoskeletal and membranous connections responsible for the lateral attachment of the cilium to the cell body in some trypanosomatid species.


excitatory synapse pruning

The disaggregation of an excitatory synapse into its constituent components.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA.


peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked phosphatide following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond, as in the cleavage of arginine from the carboxy-terminal of Apg8 followed by its amidation with phosphatidylethanolamine.


negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.


dehydrogluconokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H+.


chlamydospore formation

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans.


protein catabolic process, modulating synaptic transmission

Any protein degradation process, occurring at a presynapse, that regulates synaptic transmission.


D-glucarate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the pericardium.


response to cyclosporin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.


regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoate + H+ = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate + CO2.


farnesyl diphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + ATP = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl triphosphate + ADP.


histone H3K9 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me3.


Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = (23S)-23,25-dihydroxycalciol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


response to nocodazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.


response to pheromone triggering conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that positively regulates the process of conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prostaglandin E(1) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1 + H+ + NADPH.


D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.


11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase

Catalysis of the reaction:11-cis-retinol-[retinal-binding-protein] + NAD+ <=> 11-cis-retinal-[retinol-binding-protein] + NADH.


wobble position cytosine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of cytidine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).


histone arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl = histone 3 L-citrullyl + NH4+, resulting in histone citrullination.


positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.


The acetylation of the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-cysteine.


lecithin:11-cis retinol acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-cis retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + a phosphatidylcholine <=> a cellular-retinol-binding protein + an 11-cis-retinyl ester + a 1-lysophosphatidylcholine.


sym-norspermidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-diaminopropane + S-adenosylmethioninamine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + bis(3-aminopropyl)amine + H+.


endo-1,3-alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R1-L-rhamnose-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnose-R2 + H2O = R1-L-rhamnose + L-rhamnose-R2. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an alpha-(1->3) linkage between two rhamnose residues in a polysaccharide chain.


peptidyl-tryptophan succinylation

The modification of an N-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan residue to form peptidyl-N2-succinyl-L-tryptophan.


intestinal stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of intestinal stem cells within a population of cells.


tRNA (adenine-57, 58-N(1)-) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the methylation of adenine-57 and adenine-58 in the T-loop of tRNA.


sporangium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sporangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores.


evasion of host immune response via modulation of host cytokine network

Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating host cytokine networks, e.g. by secreting proteins that mimic cytokine receptors that act to sequester host cytokines and inhibit action. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


thiamine pyridinylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridine + thiamine = 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + heteropyrithiamine.


ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = ent-copalyl diphosphate.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 13-hydroxydocosanoate + UDP-D-glucose = 13-beta-D-glucosyloxydocosanoate + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


oligodeoxyribonucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligodeoxyribonucleotides to yield deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphates.


adhesion of symbiont haustorium mother cell to host

The attachment of a haustorium mother cell of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 16-alpha-hydroxysteroid = NADPH + H+ + 16-oxosteroid.


menth-2-enone hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-menth-2-enone + H2O = (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone.


glutamine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamine + tRNA(Gln) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln).


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


regulation of leucine import

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.


Catalysis of the reaction: peptide diphthamide + NAD+ = peptide N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)diphthamide + niacinamide.


RNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7)-methylation

The process whereby a guanine in 5-cap is methylated at the N7 position of guanine.


positive regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sclerenchyma cell differentiation.


positive regulation of eye pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


anthocyanidin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: flavan-3,3',4,4',5,5',7-heptol + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = H+ + delphinidin + 2 H2O + carbon dioxide + succinate.


positive regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.


arabinan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


negative regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell differentiation.


andrastin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of andrastin A, a meroterpenoid that exhibits inhibitory activity against ras farnesyltransferase, suggesting that it could have promising antitumor activity.


nitrate reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NADP+ + H2O = nitrate + NADPH + H+.


response to far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


trigeminothalamic tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the trigeminothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face.


DCT cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3,3',5-tri-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + caffeoyl-CoA <=> delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + coenzyme A.


scymnol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5beta-scymnol = 5beta-scymnol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to the disaccharide galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine, a common component of glycoproteins and glycolipids.


neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


IRES-dependent viral translational initiation

Process by which viral mRNA translation is initiated, where a domain in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the viral mRNA called an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) binds the host 43S preinitiation complex, circumventing regular cap-dependent translation initiation.


negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


ATPase-coupled ectoine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + ectoine(in/out).


anaerobic fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid in the absence of oxygen. A fatty acid is any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


phosphatidylinositol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


aflatoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


hatching gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process.


benzothiazole monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole.


mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells.


indoleacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


high-affinity lysine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


regulation of seed maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate = N-[(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl]-4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aniline 5'-phosphate + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + D-galactosylononitol = stachyose + 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol.


polyadenylation of viral mRNA by polymerase stuttering

Polyadenylation of viral mRNA through a polymerase stuttering mechanism. The stop signal present at the end of each gene comprises a stretch of uridine on which the viral polymerase acquires a stuttering behavior: after each adenine inserted, the polymerase moves back one nucleotide along with the mRNA. It resumes transcription adding a new adenine, then again moves back, thereby producing a polyA tail.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pyridoxine = H+ + NADPH + pyridoxal.


regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.


lactone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactone.


positive regulation of zygosporangium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.


chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

A chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus such as heat or physical trauma.


acetylindoxyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylindoxyl + O2 = N-acetylisatin + unknown.


neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.


cytoplasmic helical capsid assembly

The assembly of a helical viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Occurs by assembling around the viral genome.


polythionate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of thiosulfate to tetrathionate, using cytochrome c as an electron acceptor.


cellular response to calcium ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of calcium ions.


exo-1,4-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine]n-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m = D-glucosamine + [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine](n-1)-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m. This reaction is the hydrolysis of chitosan or chitosan oligosaccharides to remove a D-glucosamine residue from the non-reducing termini; chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units.


myotube cell migration

The orderly movement of a myotube cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate, and fuse.


maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized embryonic epithelial sheet.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-arginine = N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + H+ + phosphate.


demethylkotanin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of demethylkotanin.


GCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCA codon.


UDP-D-apiose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-alpha-D-apiose + carbon dioxide.


trans-4-hexen-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hexen-3-one + NADPH + H+ <=> hexan-3-one + NADP.


inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':1,2'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride (DFA I) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.


epithelium migration involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The process in which the population of cells that make up a wing epithelium undergo directed movement and contribute to imaginal disc-derived morphogenesis.


tarsal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tarsal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid methylene fatty acid.


positive regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via phagocytosis.


negative regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.


gibberellin A17,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A17 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A28 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


octadecene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octadecene.


galactarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + homogentisate.


chalcone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-dihydrocoumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ = phloretin + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, short tail mechanism

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a short tail ejection system consisting a central tube, the connector which attaches the tail to the phage capsid and releases inner core proteins. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the phage displays a tube-like extension of its short tail that penetrates both host membranes. This tail extension comes from the release of viral core proteins with channel forming properties.


positive regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


protein-phosphocysteine-galactitol-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + galactitol(out) = protein cysteine + galactitol-6-phosphate(in).


ribose 1,5-bisphosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.


cannabidiolate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cannabigerolate + O2 <=> cannabidiolate + hydrogen peroxide.


specification of stamen identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxystreptamine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2'-deamino-2'-hydroxyparomamine + UDP(3-) + H+.


cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ = cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


ocellus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ocellus are generated and organized. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyindole + O2 = anthranilate + CO2 + H+.


positive regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of central tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.


ventral midline determination

The regionalization process in which the area where the ventral midline will form is specified.


penetration of cumulus oophorus

The infiltration by sperm of the cumulus oophorus to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + UMP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + uracil.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid + L-asparagine = an amino acid + 2-oxosuccinamate.


fruit septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit septum is a thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue in the fruit.


luteinizing hormone receptor activity

Combining with luteinizing hormone (also called lutropin) to initiate a change in cell activity.


glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


hemicellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a hemicellulose.


positive regulation of epithelium regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein + H+.


Catalysis of the movement of a lysophosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


glucuronokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.


D-glutamate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.


diaminopimelate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diaminopimelate, the anion of the dicarboxylic acid 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. It is an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.


S-sulfolactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfonatolactate + NAD <=> 3-sulfonatopyruvate(2-) + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP alpha-D-glucoside + n a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan = ADP + n alpha-amylose.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydro-3-ethylcatechol + NAD+ = 3-ethylcatechol + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinol-8 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> menaquinol-8 + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxypteridine + NH3.


positive regulation of pro-B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.


negative regulation of seed dormancy process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

A process in which a neurotransmitter is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. postsynaptic density).


cellular response to vitamin B1 starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of vitamin B1 (also called thiamin and thiamine).


spore wall assembly MAPK cascade

A MAPK cascade that occurs as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


Atg12 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of Atg12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-Atg12 + Y = Y-Atg12 + X, where both the X-Atg12 and Y-Atg12 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


phospholipid transfer activity

Removes a phospholipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


nitrate reductase activity involved in anaerobic electron transport chain

Any nitrate reductase activity that is involved in anaerobic electron transport chain.


indolepyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indolepyruvate = CO2 + indole acetaldehyde.


gracilis tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the gracilis tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb.


regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + 9,12,15-cis-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA(5-) <=> 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol + 4 coenzyme A + 4 carbon dioxide.


peptidyl-serine palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a serine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-serine.


cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).


positive regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin catabolic process.


response to host osmotic environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the osmotic conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to hydroxyproline residues present in the peptide backbone.


regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping.


viral entry via permeabilization of inner membrane

The entry of a non-enveloped virus into the cytoplasm of a host prokaryotic cell, following fusion with the outer membrane, via permeabilization of the plasma (inner) membrane. In the case of some double stranded RNA viruses of prokaryotes this occurs via interaction of a membrane-interacting component of the capsid, leading to depolarization an permeabilization of the plasma membrane.


xylitol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + O2 = xylose + H2O2.


12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H2 = 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) + malonaldehyde (MDA).


cellular response to environmental stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an environmental stimulus.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-galactosidic linkages in Aerobacter aerogenes capsular polysaccharide.


xyloglucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xyloglucan.


histone H4 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


cyclopentanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclopentanol.


eupatolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8beta-hydroxygermacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = eupatolide + 2 H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


Catalysis of the reaction: 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = acetaldehyde + 4-androstene-3,17-dione.


larval chitin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based larval cuticle. The insect larval cuticle is a secretion from epidermal cells that is shed at each molt. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


positive regulation of hexasaccharide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.


positive regulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine; characteristic of the active sites of arylsulfatases.


mesenchymal cell condensation involved in mammary fat development

The cell adhesion process in which mammary mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of mammary fat development.


oxytocin receptor activity

Combining with oxytocin to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = dodecanoate + [acyl-carrier protein].


pectate disaccharide-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate from the reducing end of pectate, i.e. de-esterified pectin.


thiocyanate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl isothiocyanate = benzyl thiocyanate.


octopine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopine, (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.


(S)-lactate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + GTP = 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GDP.


glutamate catabolic process to succinate via 2-oxoglutarate-dependent GABA-transaminase activity

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


Langerhans cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell.


mucosal lymphocyte homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within the mucosal tissue of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


sialic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sialic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


primary sex determination, soma

The transmission of information about sexual status from the initial, general, determination to signals specific to the soma.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the plasma membrane.


histone H2A kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2A.


carnitine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + NAD+ = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H+ + NADH.


nitrate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD+ + H2O = nitrate + NADH + H+.


aminodeoxyfutalosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-[(1-carboxylatovinyl)oxy]benzoate(2-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O <=> aminodeoxyfutalosinate + L-methionine + hydrogencarbonate + H+.


Kdo transferase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NADP+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.


suppression by virus of host type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type II interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.


negative regulation of NK T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.


anther wall tapetum cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


intercellular bridge organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another.


mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling involved in lung induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell in the foregut and contributes to the formation of the lung bud.


selenocysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor = hydrogen selenide + L-alanine + acceptor.


negative regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that suppresses trichoblast fate specification.


negative regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


nitrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitrate ions (NO3-) from one side of a membrane to the other.


alkylthioltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alkylthio group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


3-propylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + pentanoyl-CoA = 3-propylmalate + CoA + H+.


L-xylulose reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + xylitol = L-xylulose + H+ + NADPH.


regulation of pectin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.


response to bacteriocin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.


triethanolamine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: triethanolamine = diethanolamine + acetaldehyde.


modulation of zoospore encystment on host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell originating at specific cephalic placodes and depositing proneuromasts along a developing lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


negative regulation of regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization.


central B cell deletion

The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of central tolerance induction and B cell selection.


cresol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.


cell wall disassembly

A process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,6-dihydroxy-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate + NAD+ = 3-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADH.


tubuloglomerular feedback

The process in which blood volume is regulated due to a change in the rate of glomerular filtration. This is accomplished by a feedback mechanism that senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.


intracellularly ATP-gated chloride channel activity

Enables passage of a chloride ion through a transmembrane channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.


3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = 3-oxopropanoate + H+ + NADPH.


cyanoalanine nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-cyano-L-alanine + 2 H2O + H+ = L-aspartate + NH4.


gibberelli A15, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A15 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A24 + succinate + carbon dioxide + H2O.


positive regulation of heptasaccharide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.


regulation of cell communication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


surface biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at the surface of a liquid-air interface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


positive regulation of pyroptosis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis.


Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud branching

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the branching of the ureteric bud. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-chaconine + UDP-L-rhamnose = H+ + alpha-chaconine + UDP.


pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H2O + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH4+ + hydrogen peroxide. This activity can also oxidize pyridoxine 5'-phosphate to  pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + hydrogen peroxide.


suppression by symbiont of host immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of cell cycle

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.


regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


response to proline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


superoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: superoxide + reduced rubredoxin + 2 H+ = H2O2 + rubredoxin.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 1-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 1-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.


flavin prenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallylphosphate + FMNH2 = prenylated FMNH2 + phosphate.


anaerobic L-alanine catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.


tRNA C5-cytosine methylation

The process whereby a cytosine in a tRNA is methylated at position 5 of the cytosine.


UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 NAD+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3 H+ + 2 NADH + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.


detection of UV

The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


dTDP-L-rhamnose synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-mannose + NAD+ <=> dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + NADH + H+.


anesthesia-resistant memory

The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.


head kidney structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the head kidney. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


Malpighian tubule stellate cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule stellate cell. A Malpighian tubule stellate cell is a specialized epithelial secretory cell that moves chloride ions and water across the tubule epithelium.


secondary active monocarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the movement of a monocarboxylate, any compound containing a single carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), by uniport, symport or antiport across a membrane by a carrier-mediated mechanism.


transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition

The identification of lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex as well as a small subset of lesions not recognized by the general nucleotide-excision repair pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate + NAD+ + NH4. 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate is also known as 3-sulfocatechol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-aminobenzoate + cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.


positive regulation of ribosome biogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.


myoblast maturation involved in muscle regeneration

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast cell to attain its fully functional state involved in muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


protein localization to T cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


URM1 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier URM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


jump response

The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.


interleukin-16 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-16 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


retroviral 3' processing activity

The catalysis of the removal of two di- or tri-nucleotides from each 3' end of double-stranded viral DNA, exposing recessed 3' hydroxyls.


trophectodermal cell fate commitment

The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become trophectoderm cells.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in blood group A and B substances.


endocrocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of endocrocin.


autophagosome membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the membranes of autophagosomes.


regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin catabolic process.


positive regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

Any process that activates or increasesthe frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


positive regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


phosphatidylglycerol-prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of the diacylglyceryl group from phosphatidylglycerol to the sulfhydryl group of the prospective N-terminal cysteine residue in an unmodified prolipoprotein.


epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration

The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to epithelium migration.


beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-(1->4) linkage.


positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway.


mycinamicin VI 2''-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + mycinamicin VI <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + mycinamicin III(1+) + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.


phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine = ADP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine.


S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.


cuticle pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the cuticle.


cellular response to methamphetamine hydrochloride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methamphetamine hydrochloride stimulus.


response to endothelin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endothelin stimulus. Endothelin is any of three secretory vasoconstrictive peptides (endothelin-1, -2, -3).


glyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glyoxylate + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + oxalyl-CoA.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in pronephric nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of the pronephros.


regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.


Cvt vesicle assembly

A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the Cvt pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).


regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: monodemethylisoproturon + H2O = didemethylisoproturon + formaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


starch, H2O dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + n H2O + starch = n AMP + n hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-amylopectin.


viral entry via permeabilization of host membrane

The entry of a virus into the cytoplasm of a host cell, triggered by an interaction between the bilayer of a host membrane and a membrane-penetration capsid protein. Results in release of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.


negative regulation of growth rate

Any process that reduces the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.


alpha-zingiberene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> zingiberene + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of tendon cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.


positive regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.


sulfate reduction

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to another sulfur-containing ion or compound such as hydrogen sulfide, adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) or thiosulfate.


envenomation resulting in modulation of apoptotic process in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of apoptosis in the bitten organism.


vesicle fusion with vesicle

Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with a target membrane on another vesicle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + penicillin N = CO2 + deacetoxycephalosporin C + H2O + succinate.


response to copper ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of copper ion.


NK T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an NK T cell.


monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tricaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


ureidoglycolate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate = glyoxylate + urea.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH <=> (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP.


regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.