3-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy group located beta- to the carboxylic acid group.


thioester

A compound of general formula RC(=O)SR'. Compare with thionoester, RC(=S)OR'.


branched-chain amino acid

Any  amino acid  in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents


fatty acid ethyl ester

A fatty acid ester that is the carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of a fatty acid with ethanol.


isopropyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of propan-2-ol.


hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent.


benzophenones

Any aromatic ketone in which the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 phenyl groups.


(R)-carisoprodol

The (R)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid carrying an N-acyl substituent.


butyrate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is butyric acid.


tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups.


alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety.


DL-Arginine

An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.


N-acetyl-L-amino acid

An L-amino acid having an N-acetyl substituent.


amino acid ester

Any  carboxylic ester derivative of an amino acid.


non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


DL-Penicillamine

An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.


DL-Serine

An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.


triketone

A compound that contains three ketone functionalities.


cyclopropanecarboxylate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol with the carboxy group of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or its substituted derivatives.


alpha-amino acid ester

The amino acid ester derivative obtained the formal condensation of an alpha-amino acid with an alcohol.


(R)-Warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (R)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


cardiac glycoside

Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.


carboxylic ester

An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.


Phosphonoacetic acid

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.


A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.


propanoate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is  propionic acid.


olefinic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond.


essential fatty acid

Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement.


4-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy substituent gamma to a carboxy group.


dicarboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.


(S)-Acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


beta-triketone

A triketone in which the each ketone functionality is located beta- to the other two.


N-acetyl-amino acid

An N-acyl-amino acid that has acetyl as the acyl group.


delta-amino acid ester

Any ester of a delta-amino acid.


macrolide lactam

A macrolide in which the macrocyclic lactone ring includes an amide group.


N-acyl-amino acid

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid.


DL-Valine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.


indole-3-acetic acids

An  indol-3-yl carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid specified is acetic acid.


DL-Aspartic acid

An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent


gamma-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group.


(Z)-roxithromycin

A minor geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.


alpha-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.


(S)-methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has S configuration.  Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


hydroxybenzophenone

Any benzophenone into which is substituted one or more hydroxy groups.


macrolide antibiotic

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity.


(S)-carisoprodol

The (S)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


A deuterated compound that is is an isotopologue of glycine in which all five hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium.


A member of the class of quinoline N-oxides that is 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-1lambda(5)-quinolin-4-one carrying an additional (2E,6E)-farnesyl group at position 3.


cyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing anywhere in its structure a ring of atoms.


carboxybiphenyl

Any member of the class of biphenyls that has one or more carboxy groups attached to the biphenyl skeleton.


hydroxytryptophan

A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.


N-acyl-D-amino acid

Any N-acyl-amino acid in which the amino acid moiety has D configuration.


chlorobenzoic acid

Any member of the class of benzoic acids in which the benzene ring is substituted by at least one chloro group.


A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which the stereocentres beta- and delta- to the carboxy group have S and R configuration, respectively. The drug fluvastatin is an equimolar mixture of this compound and its enantiomer.


Finafloxacin

A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 by cyclopropyl, fluoro, hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl and cyano groups respectively; an antibiotic used for treatment of acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear) caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.


erythromycin

Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).


enoate ester

An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


fatty acid 20:5

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 5 double bonds.


beta-hydroxy ketone

A ketone containing a hydroxy group on the beta-carbon relative to the C=O group.


primary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a -CH2 (methylene) group.


carbonyl compound

Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.


A quinolone that is 4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5(1H)-one substituted by methyl, (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl, 2-fluorophenyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 7, respectively (the 4S,7S-stereoisomer). It is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3) and a ferroptosis inducer.


delta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position delta to the carboxy group.


fatty acid 18:3

Any trienoic fatty acid containing 18 carbons.


DL-Asparagine

An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.


fatty acid ester

A carboxylic ester in which the carboxylic acid component can be any fatty acid.


carboxylic acid

A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.


benzoic acids

Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group.


(S)-Warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


pivaloyloxymethyl ester

A acetal obtained from a carboxylic acid by replacement of the hydrogen attached to the carboxy group by a pivaloyloxymethyl group.


ketoaldonic acid

Oxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldonic acids by replacement of a secondary CHOH group by a carbonyl group.


benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide

Any carbamate fungicide that contains a benzimidazolyl group attached to the nitrogen of the carbamate moiety.


serine family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class.


indol-3-yl carboxylic acid

Any indolyl carboxylic acid carrying an indol-3-yl or substituted indol-3-yl group.


(R)-prasugrel

An 5-[2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl acetate that is the (R)-enantiomer of prasugrel (the racemate is a cardiovascular drug).


dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid

Any  hydroxy monocarboxylic acid carrying at least two hydroxy groups.


chloroplast thylakoid membrane

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane

The pigmented membrane of a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.


organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane

The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within an organellar chromatophore.


chlorine molecular entity

A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine.


The (R)-enantiomer of chlorphenesin.


trichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.


chlorohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing at least one hydrogen atom with a chlorine atom.


monochlorobenzenes

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.


organochlorine pesticide

Any organochlorine compound that has been used as a pesticide.


Chloride ion

A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.


chlorinated steroid

A steroid which is substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.


organochlorine compound

An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.


(S)-Azelastine

The (S)-enantiomer of azelastine.


The (S)-enantiomer of chlorphenesin.


cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide

A sub-category of organochlorine insecticides, the members of which are all derived from hexachlorocyclopentadiene. They possess a structure based on two 3-dimensional carbon ring units, one of which is heavily chlorinated.


Tipifarnib

A quinolone that is 1-methylquinolin-2-one which carries a 3-chlorophenyl and an amino(4-chlorophenyl)(1-methyl-imidazol-5-yl)methyl groups at the 4 and 6 positions, respectively (the R-isomer).


Asenapine

A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-asenapine. Used as its maleate salt for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features.


ifosfamides

Compounds containing an ifosfamide skeleton.


(R)-Azelastine

The (R)-enantiomer of azelastine.


organochlorine insecticide

Any organochlorine pesticide that has been used as an insecticide.


chlorobenzenes

Any organochlorine compound containing a benzene ring which is substituted by one or more chlorines.


infected host cell surface knob

Protrusion that develops in the plasma membrane of a parasitized erythrocyte. An example of this component is found in Plasmodium species.


microvillar actin bundle

A parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.


parallel actin filament bundle

An actin filament bundle in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity.


formin-nucleated actin cable

An actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. In fungal cells, myosin motors transport cargo along actin cables toward sites of polarized cell growth; actin cables may play a similar role in pollen tube growth.


actin filament bundle of filopodium

A parallel bundle of actin filaments that is part of filopodium. Filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex.


actin filament bundle of stereocilium

A bundle of hundreds of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), that is the supporting structure of a stereocilium. Filaments are oriented such that the the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion and are capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma membrane.


actin filament bundle of actin-based cell projection

A bundle of cross-linked actin filaments that is part of an actin-based cell protrusion, in which filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which stabilizes the filaments.


ficolin-1-rich granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a ficolin-1-rich granule.


clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle.


inter-Golgi transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances within the Golgi.


specific granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a specific granule, a granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.


postsynaptic early endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic early endosome.


organellar chromatophore inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.


postsynaptic endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic endosome.


phagolysosome vesicle membrane

The lipid bylayer surrounding a phagolysosome.


macropinosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a macropinosome.


organellar chromatophore membrane

Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.


presynaptic endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a presynaptic endosome.


postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic recycling endosome.


dense core granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense core granule.


peribacteroid membrane

A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).


early phagosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an early phagosome.


aleurone grain membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an aleurone grain.


epidermal lamellar body membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an epidermal lamellar body, a specialized secretory organelle found in keratinocytes and involved in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function.


gut granule membrane

The membrane of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans.


merozoite dense granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense granule of the type found in apicomplexan parasites.


multivesicular body, internal vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a multivesicular body internal vesicle.


organellar chromatophore outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.


Golgi to ER transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the Golgi to the ER.


phagolysosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagolysosome.


rod photoreceptor disc membrane

Stack of disc membranes located inside a rod photoreceptor outer segment, and containing densely packed molecules of rhodopsin photoreceptor proteins that traverse the lipid bilayer. It is thought that rod disc membranes arise as evaginations of the ciliary membrane near the base of the outer segment, which then become completely separated from the ciliary membrane, during the development of the rod outer segment.


contractile vacuolar membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole.


Cvt vesicle membrane

Either of the two lipid bilayers surrounding a Cvt vesicle, a vesicle that functions in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.


chitosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.


autopod region

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot.


Mouse Nervous System

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


CNS (MMHCC)

The organ system of the mouse consisting of the brain and spinal cord.


levator nasolabialis muscle

Is a principal muscle of the lips which arises over the dorsum of the nose. It runs cranioventrally to insert partly on the wing of the nostril and partly into the lateral part of the upper lip. This muscles function includes dilation of the nostril, elevation and retraction of the upper lip. Branches of the facial nerve supply innervation to this muscle.


nictitating membrane

A fold of the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva in many animals. At rest, it is hidden in the medial canthus. It can extend to cover part or all of the cornea to help clean the cornea.


monosaccharide derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide.


hexose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a hexose.


pentose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentose.


ketohexose derivative

A hexose derivative that is formally obtained from a ketohexose.


cervical ganglion

The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things. [WP,unvetted].


cardiac ganglion

Any of the parasympathetic ganglia of the cardiac plexus between the arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery.


inferior mesenteric ganglion

A ganglion located near where the inferior mesenteric artery branches from the abdominal aorta[WP].


sublingual ganglion

The small parasympathetic ganglion found anterior to the submandibular gland that provides postsynaptic fibers to the sublingual gland.


thoracic dorsal root ganglion

A dorsal root ganglion that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


pelvic ganglion

The pelvic ganglion (TS:19-TS:28): the pelvic ganglia provide autonomic innervation to the organs of the genitourinary system and lower bowel and are comprised of both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. In the mouse they are paired, morphologically discrete, major ganglia in the pelvic region positioned on either side of the urethra where the urethra meets the bladder neck. The pelvic ganglia are derived from the sacral neural crest progenitors that migrate ventrally from the level of somites X-Y ventrally into the urogenital sinus where they form aggregates between the hind gut and the urogenital sinus during organogenesis. In the GUDMAP database, the pelvic ganglia are considered part of the genitourinary system, although some of the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons project instead to the lower bowel.


superior mesenteric ganglion

A ganglion in the upper part of the superior mesenteric plexus that is the synapsing point for one of the pre- and post-synaptic nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomous nervous system.


accessory ciliary ganglion

A parasympathetic ganglion located on the short ciliary nerve differentiated from the main ciliary ganglion by virtue of the fact that it had no root derived directly from the inferior trunk of the oculomotor nerve and it never attaches to this nerve.


main ciliary ganglion

A parasympathetic ganglion located in the posterior orbit that contains preganglionic nerves and postganglionic neurons of the oculomotor nerve, connects to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus via the oculomotor nerve and the eye muscles via the short ciliary nerve.


prevertebral ganglion

The sympathetic ganglia located in front of the vertebral column and are associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta; these include the celiac, aorticorenal, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia.


vertebral ganglion

Any of a group of sympathetic ganglia which form two chains extending from the base of the skull to the coccyx along the sides of the spinal column.


pterygopalatine ganglion

The small parasympathetic ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands.


otic ganglion

The ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the parotid gland.


future pterygopalatine ganglion

A ganglion that has the potential to develop into a pterygopalatine ganglion.


ganglion of ciliary nerve

Any parasympathetic ganglion that extends fibers into the short ciliary nerve. Includes both the main and acccessory ciliary ganglia.


insect prothoracic leg

Leg of the prothoracic segment.


corticosteroid hormone

Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex.


mineralocorticoid

Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism.


glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.


depressor muscle

A muscle that moves body parts into an inferior direction or lowered position. Antagonistic to erector muscle.


leucine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of leucine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing leucine residues.


L-leucine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-leucine by a heteroatom.


(R)-betaxolol

The (R)-enantiomer of betaxolol.


cerebellar Golgi cell to granule cell synapse

A synapse formed by a cerebellar Golgi cell synapsing on to a cerebellar granule cell.


presynaptic periactive zone

A region that surrounds the active zone of the presynaptic plasma membrane, and is specialized for the control of synaptic development.


sacral splanchnic nerve

A splanchnic nerve that connects the inferior hypogastric plexus to the sympathetic trunk in the pelvis.


splanchnic nerve

The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia.


thoracic splanchnic nerve

Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and general visceral afferent fibers.


least splanchnic nerve

A thoracic nerve that nerve travels into the abdomen, where its fibers synapse in the renal ganglia.


lumbar splanchnic nerve

The lumbar splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk and travel to an adjacent plexus near the aorta. They are originated from L1 and L2. These nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and visceral afferent fibers. The site of synapse is found in the prevertebral ganglia and innervate the smooth muscle and glands of the pelvic viscera and hindgut.


respiratory system muscle

Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


posterior crico-arytenoid

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are extremely small, paired muscles that extend from the posterior cricoid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages laterally, these muscles abduct the vocal cords and thereby open the rima glottidis. Their action opposes the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). Paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles may lead to asphyxiation as they are the only laryngeal muscles to open the true vocal folds, allowing inspiration and expiration.


oblique arytenoid

The oblique arytenoid, the more superficial Arytenoid muscle, forms two fasciculi, which pass from the base of one cartilage to the apex of the opposite one, and therefore cross each other like the limbs of the letter X; a few fibers are continued around the lateral margin of the cartilage, and are prolonged into the aryepiglottic fold; they are sometimes described as a separate muscle, the Aryepiglotticus. The aryepiglottic muscle together with the transverse arytenoid and the thyroarytenoid work as a sphincter and close the larynx as we swallow or cough. Its innervation is by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (from vagus) just like all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle.


inferior pharyngeal constrictor

The inferior pharyngeal constrictor, the thickest of the three constrictors, arises from the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. Similarly to the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles, it is innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), specifically, by branches from the pharyngeal plexus and by neuronal branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted].


transverse arytenoid

The tranverse arytenoid crosses transversely between the two cartilages. It is an unpaired muscle running from one arytenoid to another to pull the arytenoids together.


lateral crico-arytenoid

The lateral cricoarytenoid (also anterior cricoarytenoid) muscles extend from the lateral cricoid cartilage to the ipsilateral arytenoid cartilage. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages medially, these muscles adduct the vocal cords and thereby close the rima glottidis, protecting the airway. (Their action is antagonistic to that of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. ) The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X).


vocalis muscle

The vocal muscle is the upper portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle which is primarily involved in producing speech.


frontal-pterotic joint

Joint that articulates the frontal and pterotic. Frontal-pterotic joint is paired.


multiple synapse bouton, contacting single dendrite

A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding from the same dendrite.


cartilago ectochoanalis

Lateral cartilaginous border of the fenestra endochoanalis.


A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it.


(R)-citalopram

A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has R-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the inactive enantiomer of citalopram.


(-)-Verapamil

A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.


dinitrile

A dinitrile is a compound containing two nitrile groups.


Dexverapamil

A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has R configuration. It competitively inhibits the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein (MDR-1, EC 3.6.3.44), thereby potentially increasing the effectiveness of a wide range of antineoplastic drugs which are inactivated by MDR-1 mechanisms. Dexverapamil exhibits lower calcium antagonistic activity and toxicity than racemic verapamil.


(S)-Bicalutamide

A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.


(R)-Bicalutamide

A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.


Tetrachlorosalicylanilide

A salicylanilide derivative where the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine.


(S,R)-labetolol

A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1S,2R-configuration.


Salicylanilide

An amide of salicylic acid and of aniline; it is therefore both a salicylamide and an anilide.


Dilevalol

A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.


A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2S-configuration.


salicylanilides

The compound salicylanilide and its derivatives.


A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1S,2S-configuration.


Tribromsalan

A salicylanilide derivative with bromo- substituents at C-3 and C-5 of the salicylate moiety and at C-4 of the anilide moiety.


ventro-caudal cluster

Early-forming neural cluster of the ventral midbrain. At 16 h, axons of the vcc grow caudally to pioneer the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), which is part of the larger ventral longitudinal tract (VLT). Later, neurons from this cluster project axons rostrally into the tract of the post-optic commissure (TPOC). Ross et al., 1992.


3-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 3.


3alpha-hydroxy steroid

A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the alpha-position.


Sterol

Any 3-hydroxy steroid whose skeleton is closely related to cholestan-3-ol (additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain).


Any 3beta-hydroxy-steroid that contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17.


A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the  beta-position.


A sterol in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has beta- configuration.


alpha-glucoside

A glucoside in which the anomeric carbon of the glycosidic bond is in an alpha configuration


anabolic androgenic steroid

A steroid hormone related to the hormone testosterone. It increases protein synthesis within cells, which results in the buildup of cellular tissue (anabolism), especially in muscles. It also has androgenic and virilizing properties.


host cell nuclear envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the host cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).


macromolecule

A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


copolymer macromolecule

A macromolecule derived from two or more species of monomer.


polypeptide

A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.


polyamine macromolecule

A macromolecule composed of units connected by imino (-NR-) linkages.


random copolymer

A copolymer consisting of macromolecules in which the probability of finding a given monomeric unit at any given site in the chain is independent of the nature of the adjacent units.


cavum medius

Small accessory cavity located between the cavum principale and cavum inferius.


cavum inferius

Accessory cavity located ventral to the cavum principale and cavum medius.


left pupil

A pupil that is part of a left eye.


infraorbital sinus

An air-filled recess in the head of birds which lies lateral to the nasal cavity into which it opens.


right pupil

A pupil that is part of a right eye.


median eminence of neurohypophysis

Elevation on the ventral surface of the brain located at the zone of attachment between the hypothalamic floor and the hypophysis (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg. 446).


gland of diencephalon

Any gland that is part of the diencephalon. Examples: pineal gland, neurohypophysis.


skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Automatically generated definition].


elbow connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition].


ovisac

Part of the ovary consisting of a thin sheath of connective tissue enclosing the ovarian follicles.


head connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 8

The hypaxial region of somite 8 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


thoracic cavity connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


intralobular stroma of mammary gland

The intralobular stroma of the mammary gland lobule contains loosely connected fibroblasts. It is surrounded by the more compact interlobular stroma.


leg connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition].


mineralized cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue that is mineralized.


muscularis mucosae of fundus of stomach

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach.


pedal digit connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition].


lamellar bone

Bone tissue that has a regular parallel alignment of collagen into sheets (lamellae) and is mechanically strong.


skeletal muscle tissue of mylohyoid

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mylohyoid [Automatically generated definition].


digit connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a digit.


knee connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition].


pre-dentine

Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix.


stomach smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition].


smooth muscle tissue of bronchiole

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 30

The hypaxial region of somite 30 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


arrector muscle of hair

A tiny smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle with the dermis.


skeletal muscle tissue of digastric

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a digastric [Automatically generated definition].


mammary gland connective tissue

The fibrous supportive tissue of the mammary gland.


bone tissue of proximal epiphysis

A portion of bone tissue that is part of a proximal epiphysis [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition].


elasmodine

Odontogenic tissue that consists of multiple layers of collagen fibers organized in orthogonal or twisted arrangements.


hypaxial region somite 4

The hypaxial region of somite 4 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiac muscle of right atrium

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition].


lower respiratory tract connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition].


perichondrium

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage.


nasal capsule

An embryonic cartilaginous frame, the nasal capsule, an evolutionary-conserved structure composed of ventral and dorsal components: the mesethmoid and ectethmoid cartilages, respectively.[PMID].


anterior internodal tract

Internodal tract which consists of the atrial and atrial septal branches.


arteriole smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition].


bone tissue of long bone

A bone tissue that is part of a long bone.


urinary bladder neck smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].


trabecular bone tissue

Bone tissue that has a lattice-like or spongy structure; it is highly vascular and contains intercommunicating spaces filled with bone marrow.


cardiac skeleton

Dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.


cartilage of nasal septum

A cartilage that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition].


lower respiratory tract smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition].


pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle


chondroglossus muscle

The Chondroglossus is sometimes described as a part of the Hyoglossus, but is separated from it by fibers of the Genioglossus, which pass to the side of the pharynx. It is about 2 cm. long, and arises from the medial side and base of the lesser cornu and contiguous portion of the body of the hyoid bone, and passes directly upward to blend with the intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue, between the Hyoglossus and Genioglossus.


hypaxial region somite 20

The hypaxial region of somite 20 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


umbilical smooth muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a umbilical cord.


vacuolated notochordal tissue

Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells.


hepatic duct smooth muscle

Smooth muscle tissue in all or part of a hepatic duct.


conducting tissue of heart

Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers.


cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition].


paries nasi

Paired, elongate, ventrolaterally-orieted cartilaginous structures that extend to the premaxilla-maxilla articulation.


respiratory system connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal tissue

A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO].


bone tissue of epiphysis

A portion of bone tissue that is part of a epiphysis [Automatically generated definition].


acrodin

Odontoid tissue forming a cap on teeth found in teeth of actinopterygian fishes.


lip skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 13

The hypaxial region of somite 13 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 29

The hypaxial region of somite 29 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


respiratory system smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


inferior tarsal muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a inferior eyelid tarsus.


ureter smooth muscle

The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter.


epaxial region somite 25

The epaxial region of somite 25 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hip connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition].


thoracic aorta smooth muscle tissue

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the thoracic aorta.


skeletal muscle tissue of levator palpebrae superioris

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a levator palpebrae superioris [Automatically generated definition].


visceral smooth muscle tissue

A smooth muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera).


pelvic appendage cartilage tissue

A cartilage tissue that is part of a pelvic appendage.


limb connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle tissue of atrium

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition].


blood vessel elastic tissue

Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer.


odontode tissue

Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue.


visceral transversely striated muscle tissue

A striated visceral muscle tissue that has a transverse striation.


venous system smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of temporalis

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a temporalis [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of quadriceps femoris

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a quadriceps femoris [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 14

The hypaxial region of somite 14 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 15

The epaxial region of somite 15 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


irregular connective tissue

Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium.


hypaxial region somite 5

The hypaxial region of somite 5 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


respiratory system venous smooth muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel.


ganoine

Odontogenic tissue that is hypermineralized acellular, noncollagenous, covered by an epidermis and often deposited in multiple layers.


aorta elastic tissue

The dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall.


anococcygeus muscle

One of a pair of thin sheets of smooth muscle inserting on the rectum, having a tendinous origin largely on sacral vertebrae.


prostate gland smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle of auricular region

A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a atrium auricular region.


trachealis

A smooth muscle tissue that bridges the gap between free ends of C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent to the esophagus. A primary function of the trachealis is to constrict the windpipe, allowing for higher velocity of air in the windpipe during coughing[WP, modified].


neck connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 14

The epaxial region of somite 14 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 15

The hypaxial region of somite 15 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


alary cartilage

Paired, cup-shaped cartilage that are dorsal to the septomaxillae and anterior to the oblique cartilage. The anterior, convex face of each alary cartilage is synchondrotically fused to the superior prenasal cartilage and the ventral edge is fused to the superior margin of the crista intermedia.


acellular bone tissue

Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes.


manus connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hand [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 8

The epaxial region of somite 8 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cellular bone tissue

Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes.


hypaxial region somite 3

The hypaxial region of somite 3 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


smooth muscle of eye

Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi.


granulation tissue

Highly vascularized tissue that replaces the initial fibrin clot in a wound. Vascularization is by ingrowth of capillary endothelium from the surrounding vasculature. The tissue is also rich in fibroblasts (that will eventually produce the fibrous tissue) and leucocytes.


epaxial region somite 16

The epaxial region of somite 16 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 9

The epaxial region of somite 9 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


mucocartilage tissue

A temporary avascular cartilage found in the heads of ammocoete larvae and surrounded by perichondrium. Contains a few fibroblasts scattered throughout ECM containing elastic-like microfibrils.


superior tarsal muscle

The superior tarsal muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid.


spleen smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 19

The hypaxial region of somite 19 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition].


palatine raphe

A raphe running across the palate, from the palatine uvula to the incisive papilla.


cortex of humerus

The outer or sperficial part of the humerus.


prismatic cartilage

Cartilage arranged into tesserae, blocks of calcified cartilage that fit together as tiles on a floor form a mosaic. Found only in chondrichthyans. Reference: A. Peter Klimley. 2013. The Biology of Sharks and Rays. University of Chicago Press.


enameloid

Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue.


upper arm connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 26

The hypaxial region of somite 26 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of orbicularis oculi

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a orbicularis oculi [Automatically generated definition].


anal region smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition].


major alar cartilage

The greater alar cartilage (lower lateral cartilage) is a thin, flexible plate, situated immediately below the preceding, and bent upon itself in such a manner as to form the medial wall and lateral wall of the naris of its own side. The portion which forms the medial wall (crus mediale) is loosely connected with the corresponding portion of the opposite cartilage, the two forming, together with the thickened integument and subjacent tissue, the septum mobile nasi. The part which forms the lateral wall (crus laterale) is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages). Above, it is connected by fibrous tissue to the lateral cartilage and front part of the cartilage of the septum; below, it falls short of the margin of the naris, the ala being completed by fatty and fibrous tissue covered by skin. In front, the greater alar cartilages are separated by a notch which corresponds with the apex of the nose.


epaxial region somite 21

The epaxial region of somite 21 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


interlobular stroma of mammary gland

The interlobular stroma of the mammary gland lobule separates the lobules and intralobular stroma from any substantial direct contact with the adipose tissue. It is more compact than the intralobular stroma.


epaxial region somite 3

The epaxial region of somite 3 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


kidney pelvis smooth muscle

The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the urothelium of the kidney pelvis.


smooth muscle tissue of lobular bronchiole

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lobular bronchiole.


skeletal muscle connective tissue

A connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle tissue.


hindlimb connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of gluteus maximus

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a gluteus maximus [Automatically generated definition].


red bone marrow

The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream.


perichordal tissue

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin.


internodal tract

A conducting pathway in the conducting tissue of heart through which electrical activity spreads from the SA node to the AV node.


hypaxial region somite 7

The hypaxial region of somite 7 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


central cardiac conduction system

Cardiac conduction system, characterized by slow impulse propagation and prolonged refractory periods.


epaxial region somite 2

The epaxial region of somite 2 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of masseter

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a masseter [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 27

The epaxial region of somite 27 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiac muscle tissue of right auricle

A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium auricular region.


anal region skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition].


lamina

Any thin layer or plate.


shoulder connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition].


compact bone of diaphysis

A compact bone tissue that is part of a diaphysis.


intramembranous bone tissue

Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP].


ceratoglossus

Main, posterior part of hyoglossus muscle (vs. chondroglossus) arising from the greater horn of the hyoid bone.


pectoral appendage cartilage tissue

A cartilage tissue that is part of a pectoral appendage.


dermis connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 27

The hypaxial region of somite 27 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


yellow bone marrow

Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network.


hypaxial region somite 17

The hypaxial region of somite 17 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


gastrointestinal system smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].


long bone epiphyseal plate proliferative zone

Germinal layer of the epiphyseal plate where cells are actively dividing as well as producing extracellular matrix[MP].


xiphoid process bone

A bone tissue that is part of a xiphoid process.


peripheral cardiac conduction system

Portion of the cardiac conduction system, with rapid impulse propagation.


visceral striated muscle tissue

A striated muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera).


smooth muscle of esophagus

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition].


Sharpey's fiber

Sharpey's fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong collagenous fibres connecting periosteum to bone. They are part of the outer fibrous layer of periosteum, entering into the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae of bone tissue.


nasopharynx connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition].


vagina smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition].


pre-enameloid

Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.


cardiac muscle of left atrium

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Automatically generated definition].


alveolar smooth muscle

Alveolar smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of the alveolus.


hypaxial region somite 21

The hypaxial region of somite 21 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of transversus thoracis

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a transversus thoracis [Automatically generated definition].


raphe of hard palate

A palatine raphe that is part of a hard palate.


trachea connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trachea.


pre-enamel

Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.


thoracic segment connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 6

The epaxial region of somite 6 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiovascular system elastic tissue

An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition].


esophagus skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 23

The epaxial region of somite 23 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


outflow tract smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition].


visceral muscle tissue

A muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera).


inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium

The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts or chondrocytes.


tail connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition].


back connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition].


fenestra endonarina communis

Opening on the anterolateral aspect of the nasal capsule. It contains the apertura nasalis externa.


superior prenasal cartilage

Paired, elongate cartilages that extend anteroventrally to abut the dorsomedial margin of the posterior face of the alary process of the premaxilla. The function of these cartilages is to transmit the movement of the premaxilla to the alary cartilages during the closure of the apertura nasalis externa.


bony part of pharyngotympanic tube

The bony part of pharyngotympanic tube is about 12 mm. in length. It begins in the carotid wall of the tympanic cavity, below the septum canalis musculotubarii, and, gradually narrowing, ends at the angle of junction of the squama and the petrous portion of the temporal bone, its extremity presenting a jagged margin which serves for the attachment of the cartilaginous portion.


main bronchus connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of trunk

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue in the trunk.


arterial system smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition].


clitoral smooth muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a clitoris.


epaxial region somite 29

The epaxial region of somite 29 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


conducting system of heart

The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO].


mineralized bone tissue

Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite.


skeletal muscle tissue of eye

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition].


dental pulp of median incisor tusk

A dental pulp that is part of a narwhal tusk.


epaxial region somite 19

The epaxial region of somite 19 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


posterior stroma of cornea

The posterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea.


epaxial region somite 11

The epaxial region of somite 11 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


urethra skeletal muscle tissue

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition].


smooth muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis.


urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial myotome region

Portion of myotome that is dorsal to the horizontal septum.


incisor dental pulp

A dental pulp that is part of a incisor tooth.


epaxial region somite 5

The epaxial region of somite 5 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


pes connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition].


pectoral fin endoskeletal disc

A plate-like chondrogenic condensation within the pectoral fin, which subdivides into individual radials by decomposition of extracellular matrix in the inter-radial mesenchyme (Grandel and Schulte-Merker, 1998).


hypaxial region somite 11

The hypaxial region of somite 11 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


compact bone of long bone

A compact bone tissue that is part of a bone tissue of long bone.


perineal body smooth muscle muscle tissue


skeletal muscle tissue of iliacus

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a iliacus [Automatically generated definition].


gizzard smooth muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gizzard.


interventricular septum muscular part

The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart.


pterygomandibular raphe

The pterygomandibular raphe (pterygomandibular ligament) is a tendinous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached by one extremity to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and by the other to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible. Its medial surface is covered by the mucous membrane of the mouth. Its lateral surface is separated from the ramus of the mandible by a quantity of adipose tissue. Its posterior border gives attachment to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Its anterior border attaches to the posterior edge of the buccinator.


lateral nasal cartilage

The lateral cartilage (upper lateral cartilage) is situated below the inferior margin of the nasal bone, and is flattened, and triangular in shape.[WP].


cardiac muscle tissue

Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified].


hypaxial region somite 24

The hypaxial region of somite 24 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 20

The epaxial region of somite 20 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


striated muscle tissue of prostate

A portion of striated muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 10

The hypaxial region of somite 10 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


fenestra prechoanalis

Large opening of the nasal floor anterior to the fenestra endochoanalis.


manual digit connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 12

The hypaxial region of somite 12 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 13

The epaxial region of somite 13 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


trunk connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].


endodontium

A pulp-dentin complex or endodont that is part of a calcareous tooth.


epaxial region somite 7

The epaxial region of somite 7 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


main bronchus smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


xiphoid cartilage

A costal cartilage that is part of a xiphoid process.


long bone epiphyseal plate ossification zone

Layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited[MP].


hypaxial region somite 22

The hypaxial region of somite 22 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 18

The hypaxial region of somite 18 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


upper leg connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].


long bone epiphyseal plate hypertrophic zone

The layer of the epiphyseal plate of a long bone where chondrocytes mature and enlarge[MP].


urinary bladder smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].


raphe of soft palate

A palatine raphe that is part of a soft palate.


cartilage tissue of sternum

Any portion of cartilage tissue that is part of the sternum.


urethra smooth muscle layer

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition].


respiratory system skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


areolar connective tissue

Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand.


skeletal muscle fiber triad

The skeletal muscle fiber structure comprised of the transverse tubule and the two associated terminal cisternae; each fiber normally has thousands of triads.


outer fibrous layer of perichondrium

The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibers.


accessory nasal cartilage

Small cartilages of the nose connecting the greater alar cartilage and lateral nasal cartilage.


inferior prenasal cartilage

Elongate cartilage that extends anteroventrally from the solum nasi to abut the ventral portion of the posterior aspect of the alary process of the premaxilla. It was first described by Wiedersheim in 1876.


epaxial region somite 10

The epaxial region of somite 10 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a biceps brachii [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of internal intercostal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a internal intercostal muscle [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of teres major

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a teres major [Automatically generated definition].


bone tissue of distal epiphysis

A portion of bone tissue that is part of a distal epiphysis [Automatically generated definition].


iris smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 30

The epaxial region of somite 30 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 26

The epaxial region of somite 26 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 9

The hypaxial region of somite 9 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


muscularis orbicularis

A fringe of muscle running along the periphery of the panniculus.


arm connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of supraspinatus

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a supraspinatus [Automatically generated definition].


iliac artery smooth muscle tissue

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an iliac artery.


fenestra nasobasalis

Small opening at the anterior tip of the nasal capsule, on the floor of the cavum inferius. It is located medially to the base of the inferior prenasal cartilage and serves for the passage of the ramus medialis narium and arteria orbitonasalis.


hypaxial region somite 16

The hypaxial region of somite 16 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


iliac vein smooth muscle tissue

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an iliac vein.


non-mineralized cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.


minor alar cartilage

The part which forms the lateral wall is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages.


enthesis

The connective tissue between tendon and bone insertion sites, which acts to transmit tensile load from soft tissues to bone. They may be of the dense fibrous connective tissue or fibrocartilage type; fibrous entheses attach directly to bone or periosteum primarily via fibrous tissue, and fibrocartilaginous entheses attach to bone through a transitional layer of fibrocartilage from the fibrous tendon tissue the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone. Recurring stress or inflammatory autoimmune disease can cause inflammation or occasionally fibrosis and calcification of the enthesis.


hypaxial myotome region

Portion of myotome that is ventral to the horizontal septum.


epaxial region somite 4

The epaxial region of somite 4 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 1

The hypaxial region of somite 1 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


heart elastic tissue

The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers.


medial orbitonasal foramen

Opening on the postnasal wall for the medial branch (= ramus medialis nasi) of the ophthalmicus nerve.


red bone marrow of iliac crest

Red bone marrow located in an iliac crest.


lobar bronchus connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lobar bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle tissue of left auricle

A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium auricular region.


smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition].


Bachmann's bundle

The impulse conduction tract that originates in the sinoatrial node and transmits signal to the left atrium.


perichordal ring

Enlarged section of perichordal tube that is arranged serially but out of phase with segmental musculature.


fenestra nasolateralis

Elongated opening located on the lateral side of the nasal capsule.


wrist connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition].


lung connective tissue

The connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin.


metanephric smooth muscle tissue

Any smooth muscle tissue that is part of a metanephros.


chondroid tissue

Skeletal tissue that is mineralized, has large chondrocyte-like cells, sparse extracellular matrix, and minimal perichondrium; develops from non-mineralized chondroid tissue.


fenestra lateralis nasi

Opening on the lateral side of the nasal capsule.


enteric circular muscle

Smooth muscle of the enteric muscle system in which the cells are aligned perpendicular to the lumen of the gut.


epididymis smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a epididymis [Automatically generated definition].


muscularis mucosa of fundus of urinary bladder

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a fundus of urinary bladder.


respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle

A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


visceral obliquely striated muscle tissue

A striated visceral muscle tissue that has an oblique striation.


red bone marrow of sternum

Red bone marrow located in the sternum.


hypaxial region somite 23

The hypaxial region of somite 23 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cutaneous elastic tissue

The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity.


anterior stroma of cornea

The anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea.


hypaxial region somite 25

The hypaxial region of somite 25 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


corpuscles of Stannius

Islands of eosinic cells found on the lateroventral surface of the kidney. Function is thought to be that of the parathyroid gland in other vertebrates, which are lacking in fishes. These cells secrete hypocalcin (teleocalcin) to regulate calcium metabolism.


cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition].


erector muscle

Muscle that moves parts of the body in a superior direction to an erect position. Antagonistic to depressor muscle.


paired limb/fin cartilage

A cartilage tissue that is part of a paired limb or fin.


pulmonary myocardium

The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.


epaxial region somite 22

The epaxial region of somite 22 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


esophagogastric junction muscularis mucosa

Muscularis mucosa from the lowest portion of the esophagus, just proximal to the stomach.


epaxial region somite 1

The epaxial region of somite 1 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


endochondral bone tissue

Replacement bone tissue that forms within cartilage[VSAO, modified].


chest connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].


paranasal commissure

Cartilaginous bridge that extends posteriorly to the anterolateral corner of the posterior nasal wall.


epaxial region somite 18

The epaxial region of somite 18 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


growth plate cartilage

Cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow.


musculotendinous bundle

A collection of muscle and tendinous tissue.


oblique cartilage

Semi-circular cartilaginous sheet that lies lateral to the side of the septum nasi.


oviduct smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a rectus abdominis [Automatically generated definition].


ankle connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition].


mineralized skeletal tissue

Skeletal tissue that is mineralized.


skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 6

The hypaxial region of somite 6 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


vomeronasal cartilage

The vomeronasal cartilage (or Jacobson's cartilage) is a narrow strip of cartilage, low on the medial wall of the nasal cavity. It lies between the cartilaginous nasal septum and the vomer. The cartilage lies below, but is not connected to, the rudimentary vomeronasal organ of Jacobson[WP].


forelimb connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition].


thoracic cavity element

An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli.


abdominal viscera

A viscus that is part of a abdomen.


prootic-pterosphenoid joint

Joint that articulates the prootic and pterosphenoid. prootic-pterosphenoid joint is paired.


Grueneberg ganglion

An olfactory ganglion at the entrance of the nose of mammals that is involved in the detection of alarm pheromones and cold temperatures.


paraganglion (generic)

A cluster of neuroendocrine cells derived from neural crest. Paraganglia may be chromaffin or nonchromaffin.


cell cluster organ

A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function.


right clavicle

A clavicle that is in the right side of a entire appendicular skeleton.


chloroplast chromosome

A circular DNA molecule containing chloroplast encoded genes.


plastid chromosome

A circular DNA molecule containing plastid encoded genes.


Cisatracurium besylate

The (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium besylate. Commercial preparations of atracurium are mixtures of 10 stereoisomers, of which cisatracurium generally constitutes about 15%. Cisatracurium besylate is about 3 times more potent than the mixture of atracurium isomers as a neuromuscular blocking agent, and is used as a muscle relaxant for endotracheal intubation, to aid controlled ventilation, and in general anaesthesia.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole.


muscle organ

Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO].


skeletal muscle organ

A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles).


thoracic segment muscle

Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


axial muscle

One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs.


rectus capitis lateralis muscle

A muscle that arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas and inserts into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone.


cranial muscle

Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region.


skeletal muscle of trunk

A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region.


mentalis muscle

A muscle of facial expression, innervated by the facial nerve, attached to the skin of the lower lip and inferior to the lower lip (in humans this region is called the chin or mental region), the orbicularis oris muscle, and the mandible in the symphyseal region. See Diogo et al., 2009; Burrows et al., 2011).


abdominal segment muscle

A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition].


depressor septi nasi

The depressor septi (Depressor alE nasi) arises from the incisive fossa of the maxilla. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle. It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip.


nasalis muscle

The nasalis (compressor naris) is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilage. It consists of two parts, transverse and alar: The transverse part arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa; its fibers proceed upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the aponeurosis of the Procerus. The alar part is attached at one end to the greater alar cartilage, and at the other to the integument at the point of the nose. Other sources divide it into 'Compressor nasalis' and 'Dilator nasalis'.


procerus

The Procerus is a small pyramidal slip of muscle deep to the superior orbital nerve, artery and vein.


splenius capitis

A muscle that arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ and inserts the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line[WP,modified].


orbicularis oris muscle

The orbicularis oris is a superficial facial muscle with fibers that encircle the opening of the oral cavity that attaches to the maxilla, mandible, skin and modiolus, and that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, and is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII).


rectus capitis posterior major

A muscle that arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis and inserts into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line.


levator anguli oris

The levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen. Its fibers are inserted into the angle of the mouth, intermingling with those of the Zygomaticus, Triangularis, and Orbicularis oris.


depressor anguli oris muscle

The Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis) arises from the oblique line of the mandible, whence its fibers converge, to be inserted, by a narrow fasciculus, into the angle of the mouth.


prevertebral muscle of neck

A prevertebral muscle that is part of a neck.


muscle rectus abdominis superficialis

A component of the rectus abdominal muscle that is some taxa.


posterior digastric muscle

The posterior digastric is a pharyngeal arch II muscle that participates in oral pharyngeal behavior, is innervated by the digastric branch of facial nerve and attaches to the posterior cranial base and the hyoid apparatus. It is found superficial to the mylohyoid muscle.


jugulohyoideus muscle

Runs from the processus jugularis to the os stylohyoideum; innervated with the ramus jugulohyoideus from the nervus facialis.


rectus capitis posterior minor

A muscle that arise from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the and is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura.


levator claviculae muscle

A skeletal muscle in the posterior triangle of the neck. It originates on the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae and is inserted in the lateral half of the clavicle.


abdominal oblique muscle

Either the external or internal abdominal oblique muscles.


transversus menti muscle

The transversus menti, or transverse muscle of the chin, is a facial muscle that is often considered to be the superficial fibers of the depressor anguli oris muscle which cross to the other side of the face.


trigeminal nerve muscle

Muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V).


depressor supercilii

The Depressor Supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. The nature of this muscle is in some dispute. Few printed anatomies include it (Netter, et al. ) and many authorities consider it to be part of the orbicularis oculi muscle . On the other hand, many dermatologists, ophthalmologists and plastic surgeons hold that the depressor supercilli is a distinct muscle and has a definite, individual effect on the movement of the eybrow and skin of the glabella.


sphincter colli profundus muscle

The sphincter colli profundus lies below the platysma in the area of the parotid gland (gland regions).


scalenus anterior

The Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus), also known as anterior scalene muscle, lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoideus. It arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrC&, and descending, almost vertically, is inserted by a narrow, flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib, and into the ridge on the upper surface of the rib in front of the subclavian groove.


levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the 'lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose'. It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal.


rectus capitis anterior

A muscle situated immediately behind the upper part of the Longus capitis that arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process that inserts into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone immediately in front of the foramen magnum.


imidazopyridazine

An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of an imidazole ring ortho-fused to a pyridazine ring.


somatic spine

Spine emanating from the cell soma of a neuron.


An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has S configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine].


glycinergic synapse

A synapse that uses glycine as a neurotransmitter.


cytoplasmic replication fork

The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


pleural ganglion

A knot of nerves in The pallial cavity that innervates the mantle of a snail[BTO,modified].


host cell lysosomal membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.


ventral cochlear nucleus

The ventral cochlear nucleus (or anterior, or accessory), placed between the two divisions of the cochlear nerve, is on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. Composed of several regions of distinct cell types, this nucleus serves primarily as a relay station for ascending auditory information. Bushy cells in the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), which receive end bulbs of held from auditory nerve fibers, project to the superior olivary complex through the trapezoid body and intermediate acoustic stria. Other cell types project to the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus directly. [WP,unvetted].


nucleus of medulla oblongata

A neural nucleus that is part of a medulla oblongata.


metanephric collecting duct

A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a metanephros [Automatically generated definition].


cell cortex of growing cell tip

Any cell cortex that is part of a growing cell tip.


cytoplasm

The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.


posterior cell cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the posterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


dendritic spine cytoplasm

The region of the neuronal cytoplasm located in dendritic spines.


lateral cell cortex

The region directly beneath the plasma membrane of the lateral portion of the cell.


presynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component

The cytoplasmic component of the presynaptic endocytic zone.


equatorial cell cortex

The region of the cell cortex in a mitotically dividing cell that flanks the central spindle and corresponds to the site of actomyosin ring formation that results in cleavage furrow formation and ingression.


cell cortex of cell tip

The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


medial cortex

A medial cortical band overlaying the nucleus which acts as a landmark for contractile ring positioning and plays a role in cell cycle regulation.


postsynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component

The cytoplasmic component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone.


cell leading edge cell cortex

The cell cortex of the leading edge of a cell.


apicomedial cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the middle of the apical edge of a cell.


anterior cell cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the anterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


neuron projection cytoplasm

All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.


cell cortex of non-growing cell tip

The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip at which no growth takes place.


multi-limb segment region

A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions).


membrane bone

Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.


ossified ligament

Sesamoid that develops within a ligament, distal to an articulation or joint.


endochondral bone

Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.


pectoral girdle bone

A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region.


ossified tendon

Sesamoid that develops within a tendon, distal to an articulation or joint.


bone of appendage girdle complex

A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle).


girdle bone/zone

A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region.


left clavicle

A clavicle that is in the left side of a entire appendicular skeleton.


bone of pectoral complex

A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin.


intramembranous bone

Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP].


dermal bone

Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO].


pneumatized bone

A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD].


monocarboxylic acid amide

A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.


(S)-Modafinil

A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. The racemate comprising (S)-modafinil and its enantiomer, armodafinil, is known as modafinil and is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The enantiomers have similar pharmacological actions in animals.


Armodafinil

A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole.


(R)-(+)-Atenolol

The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.


A monocarboxylic acid amide that is 1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide which is substituted at position 5 by a 3,3-dimethyltriaz-1-en-1-yl group. It is used for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma, and in combination with other drugs for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and soft-tissue sarcoma.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amine.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-isopentyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


arenecarboxamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an arene ring system.


Esatenolol

The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol.


Levoleucovorin

The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.


primary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.


secretory circumventricular organ

A circumventricular organ that is capable of secreting substances into the cerebrospinal fluid.


neuroendocrine gland

Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and that release hormones in response to neural stimuli.


tube

Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported.


papillary duct

The terminal portions of the medullary collecting ducts are the papillary ducts, which end at the renal papilla and empty into a minor calyx.


outer medullary collecting duct

The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla.


inner medullary collecting duct

The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla.


excretory tube

A tube that is part of a excretory system.


thoracic vertebra endochondral element

A vertebral endochondral element in the thoracic region of the vertebral column.


pathogen-containing vacuole

A membrane-bound intracellular compartment that is formed upon internalization of a pathogen into a host cell, and in which the pathogen resides.


spiny bracelet of Nageotte

Paranodal terminations of Schwann cells that do not directly contact the paranodal axon membrane. Usually found in thicker myelin.


terminal loop

Portion of myelin-forming Schwann cell consisting of terminal cytoplasmic extensions adhered to the axon at the beginning and end of the myelin sheath.


capitate projection

Simple or compound process of epithelial glial cells with a spherical head that inserts into photoreceptor axons. Capitate projections have only been observed in Brachycera (flies).


monohydroxyquinoline

A hydroxyquinoline carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


A quinoline having the keto group at the 4-position and an additional hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.


cerebellar granule cell to Purkinje cell synapse

A synapse of a granule cell fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum.


median fin

Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.