erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


cellular response to cobalt ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.


muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function.


carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on phosphates

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of a phosphate.


inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


negative regulation of ruffle assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.


RNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a stem-loop in an RNA molecule. An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.


aspartate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


Unexpected therapeutic effect

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of metalloendopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain and contain a chelated metal ion at their active sites which is essential to their catalytic activity.


peptide modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide.


regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


regulation of mast cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.


inhibin complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with either an inhibin beta-A subunit, to form inhibin A, or an inhibin beta-B subunit, to form inhibin B.


regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


cytoplasmic side of endosome membrane

The side (leaflet) of the endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.


regulation of meiosis I

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.


NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex

A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60).


Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Symptoms that result from pathologic processes affecting the urinary bladder and/or urethra. They include urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, nocturia, incomplete voiding, and poor stream during urination.


activin receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


Aprobarbital

A member of the class of  barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a  prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.


xanthine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Binding to a 3' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule.


regulation of negative chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


Choreoathetosis

Involuntary movements characterized by both athetosis (inability to sustain muscles in a fixed position) and chorea (widespread jerky arrhythmic movements).


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution.


acute myocardial infarction

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Necrosis of the myocardium, as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area. It is characterized by a severe and rapid onset of symptoms that may include chest pain, often radiating to the left arm and left side of the neck, dyspnea, sweating, and palpitations.


myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.


modulation by virus of host immune response

The process in which a virus effects a change in the host immune response.


negative regulation of fibroblast migration

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.


response to prostaglandin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


Seh1-associated complex

A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In S. cerevisiae the complex contains Seh1p, Sec13p, Npr2p, Npr3p, Iml1p, Mtc5p, Rtc1p, and Sea4p.


regulation of synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.


negative regulation of regulated secretory pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.


drug-induced lupus erythematosus

An autoimmune disorder, similar to systemic lupus erythematosus, that is caused by certain drugs.


negative regulation of glutamate secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.


keratinocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of axon regeneration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration.


glycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerol = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


zinc ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.


G protein-coupled glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a G protein-coupled glutamate receptor (a metabotropic glutamate receptor).


Sedated

A state of a lowered level of consciousness.


tRNA-guanosine(34) queuine transglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine34 in tRNA + queuine = guanine + queuosine34 in tRNA.


post-spliceosomal complex

A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, including U5.


aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


trachea cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage in the trachea are generated and organized.


negative regulation of histone acetylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.


skull

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP].


CCR chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR chemokine receptor.


RNA polymerase III activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase III specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


estrogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition

Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.


positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction.


apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.


peptidyl-threonine modification

The modification of peptidyl-threonine.


purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


histone H4-R3 methylation

The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.


central nervous system disorder

A disease involving the central nervous system.


Hysteria

A psychological state of emotional lability characterized by irrational behavior. This is a colloquial term that is not commonly used in clinical medicine.


node of Ranvier

An axon part that is a gap in the myelin where voltage-gated sodium channels cluster and saltatory conduction is executed.


negative regulation of muscle hypertrophy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy.


co-SMAD binding

Binding to a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.


Vaso-Occlusive Crisis

An exacerbation of sickle cell disease.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+.


response to glycoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoside stimulus.


sick sinus syndrome

A constellation of signs and symptoms which may include syncope, fatigue, dizziness, and alternating periods of bradycardia and atrial tachycardia, which is caused by sinoatrial node dysfunction.


tachykinin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by tachykinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. Tachykinin is a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2).


lysosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases.


The series of molecular signals initiated by erythropoietin (EPO) binding to the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


NADH dehydrogenase complex

An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.


Cefmetazole

A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.


Vaginal dryness

Persistent vaginal dryness.


cyclin binding

Binding to cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, rising steadily until mitosis, then falling abruptly to zero. As cyclins reach a threshold level, they are thought to drive cells into G2 phase and thus to mitosis.


Aspartic Acid

The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.


craniofacial suture morphogenesis

The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized.


regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids.


facial nerve

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches).


Infective conjunctivitis

An infectious process affecting the conjunctiva.


regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


melanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.


hepatitis A virus infection

Acute inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. It is highly contagious and usually contracted through close contact with an infected individual or their feces, contaminated food or water.


negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.


ADP transport

The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


intracellular mRNA localization

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


sarcomerogenesis

The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


microscopic colitis

Inflammation of the colon that is only apparent by microscopic examination.


cholesterol binding

Binding to cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol); the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


Exudative retinal detachment

A type of retinal detachment arising from damage to the outer blood-retinal barrier that allows fluid to access the subretinal space and separate the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium.


omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds initially by omega-hydroxylation.


regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


primary prostatic bud elongation

The increase in size of the prostatic bud as it forms.


pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


positive regulation of complement activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


purine nucleotide transport

The directed movement of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.


Deferasirox

A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.


citrulline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.


positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


inherited porphyria

Porphyrias constitute a group of eight hereditary metabolic diseases characterized by intermittent neuro-visceral manifestations, cutaneous lesions or by the combination of both.


Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma


urate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.


Duodenal ulcer with hemorrhage

Bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel in a duodenal ulcer.


sulfur compound transport

The directed movement of compounds that contain sulfur, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


protein localization to cytoskeleton

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the cytoskeleton.


palmitoleoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), to an acceptor molecule.


Dextrothyroxine

The D-enantiomer of thyroxine.


lipase binding

Binding to a lipase.


Developmental delay

Failure to meet, or late achievement of developmental milestones.


receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


trigeminal nerve

Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw).


epiphysis

The head of a long bone that articulates with a neighboring skeletal element and is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united[MESH,modified].


positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


globoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving globosides, globotetraosylceramides, ceramides containing a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I). Globosides are the major neutral glycosphingolipid in normal kidneys and erythrocytes.


postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration

The migration of olfactory bulb interneuron precursors in the cerebral cortex that occurs after birth.


positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.


negative regulation of cellular senescence

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.


secretion by tissue

The controlled release of a substance by a tissue.


establishment of planar polarity

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


response to manganese ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.


Rac protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


Pasireotide

A six-membered homodetic cyclic peptide composed from L-phenylglycyl, D-tryptophyl, L-lysyl, O-benzyl-L-tyrosyl, L-phenylalanyl and modified L-hydroxyproline residues joined in sequence. A somatostatin analogue with pharmacologic properties mimicking those of the natural hormone somatostatin; used (as its diaspartate salt) for treatment of Cushing's disease.


breast adenosis

A non-neoplastic disorder characterized by epithelial and/or myoepithelial tissue growth in the breast lobules. It may be associated with apocrine changes or sclerosis.


protein deacylation

The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a protein amino acid.


cerebellum maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellum to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


dsRNA transport

The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


CST complex

A complex formed by the association of Cdc13 (CTC1 in mammals) with Stn1 in yeast (OBFC1 in mammals) and Ten1 protein (also TEN1 in mammals) with single-stranded telomeric DNA. The CST complex plays a role in telomere protection.


sulfur compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a sulfur compound from one side of a membrane to the other.


Melasma

Symmetrical, blotchy, brownish facial pigmentation.


lung lobe development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung lobe from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of a lung lobe by branching morphogenesis and ends with the mature structure. A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung.


vinculin binding

Binding to vinculin, a protein found in muscle, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells that binds actin and appears to mediate attachment of actin filaments to integral proteins of the plasma membrane.


UDP-xylosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a xylosyl group from UDP-xylose to an acceptor molecule.


response to gamma radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.


eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms.


USH2 complex

A protein complex composed of four proteins, loss of which results in Usher Syndrome type 2 (USH2 syndrome), a leading genetic cause of combined hearing and vision loss. This complex is conserved in many species; in mice, it is composed of USH2A, GPR98 (aka ADGRV1), WHRN, and PDZD7.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.


cytoskeletal anchor activity

The binding activity of a protein that brings together a cytoskeletal protein (either a microtubule or actin filament, spindle pole body, or protein directly bound to them) and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


host intracellular region

That space within the plasma membrane of a host cell.


global genome nucleotide-excision repair

The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.


phosphate ion transmembrane transport

The process in which a phosphate is transported across a membrane.


negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


inner ear receptor cell stereocilium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells.


otolith organ

The crystalline particles composed of calcium carbonate and a protein which adhere to the gelatinous membrane of the maculae of the utricle and saccule (otolithic membrane).


regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.


glandular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


platelet formation

The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes.


negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.


positive regulation of hormone metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.


positive regulation of adherens junction organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway modulating the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation.


one-carbon compound transport

The directed movement of one-carbon compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


urea transmembrane transport

The process in which urea, the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2, is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


dry eye syndrome

A syndrome characterized by dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva. It is usually caused by a deficiency in tear production. Symptoms include a feeling of burning eyes and a possible foreign body presence in the eye.


trachea submucosa development

The progression of the trachea submucosa over time from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea submucosa is made up of the glands and elastic tissue that lie under the mucosa in the trachea.


establishment of monopolar cell polarity

The specification and formation of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis.


regulation of mesonephros development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


protein auto-ADP-ribosylation

The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.


embryonic camera-type eye development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


dopaminergic neuron differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.


negative regulation of epidermis development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.


histone pre-mRNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a conserved stem-loop structure found in histone pre-mRNAs.


histone H3K27 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 27). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 27 of the histone H3 protein.


negative regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.


Cefprozil

A semisynthetic, second-generation cephalosporin, with prop-1-enyl and (R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used to treat bronchitis as well as ear, skin and other bacterial infections.


Flavin adenine dinucleotide

A flavin adenine dinucleotide in which the substituent at position 10 of the flavin nucleus is a 5'-adenosyldiphosphoribityl group.


negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.


negative regulation of cytolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.


response to immobilization stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.


Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


compartment pattern specification

The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation.


regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation in response to stress by the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha.


positive regulation of integrin activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.


bradykinin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin.


protein kinase A signaling

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H+.


positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


B cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.


clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.


Prolonged whole-blood clotting time

An abnormal prolongation (delay) in the time required by whole blood to produce a visible clot.


transepithelial ammonium transport

The directed movement of ammonium ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.


retinal cell programmed cell death

Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina.


Oculogyric crisis

An acute dystonic reaction with blepharospasm, periorbital twitches, and protracted fixed staring episodes. There may be a maximal upward deviation of the eyes in the sustained fashion. Oculogyric crisis can be triggered by a number of factors including neuroleptic medications.


dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, usually by a stepwise addition of glycosyl chains to endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound dolichol-P.


clidinium

The ester resulting from formal condensation of benzilic acid and 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. It is used, generally as the bromide, for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.


protein localization to peroxisome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome.


Aclidinium

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetic acid and the hydroxy group of N-(3-phenoxypropyl)-3-quinuclidinol. Used as its bromide salt for the long-term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3m

An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3m.


olefin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving olefin.


regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte chemotaxis.


NACHT domain binding

Binding to a NACHT (NAIP, CIITA, HET-E and TP1) domain. The NACHT domain consists of seven distinct conserved motifs, including an ATP/GTPase specific P-loop, a Mg2+-binding site and five more specific motifs.


negative regulation of reproductive process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.


negative regulation of mast cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.


sperm axoneme assembly

The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement.


lipopolysaccharide binding

Binding to a lipopolysaccharide.


synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


mRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an mRNA molecule.


Lymphocytosis

Increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood.


protein maturation by iron-sulfur cluster transfer

The transfer of an assembled iron-sulfur cluster from a scaffold protein to an acceptor protein that contributes to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


chaperonin-containing T-complex

A multisubunit ring-shaped complex that mediates protein folding in the cytosol without a cofactor.


Oseltamivir

A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.


encephalitis

An acute inflammatory process affecting the brain parenchyma. Causes include viral infections and less frequently bacterial infections, toxins, and immune-mediated processes.


regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process.


SNAP receptor activity

Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.


negative regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


glucose binding

Binding to D- or L-enantiomers of glucose.


regulation of prostatic bud formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


lymph vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of lymph vessels are generated and organized. The lymph vessel is the vasculature carrying lymph.


extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


positive regulation of heart growth

Any process that increases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.


distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.


muscle cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined.


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity

Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


plasma membrane raft organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane rafts.


T cell migration

The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.


Fc-epsilon receptor I complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-epsilon RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-episilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgE.


histone pre-mRNA DCP binding

Binding to the downstream cleavage product (DCP) generated by histone pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.


clathrin heavy chain binding

Binding to a clathrin heavy chain.


negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxia

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.


double-strand break repair via break-induced replication

The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome.


pi-body

A P granule that contains the PIWIL2-TDRD1 module, a set of proteins that act in the primary piRNA pathway. The pi-body corresponds to the cementing material between mitochondria found in gonocytes.


protein phosphatase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a protein phosphatase.


plasma membrane lactate transport

The directed movement of lactate across a plasma membrane.


DNA deamination

The removal of an amino group from a nucleotide base in DNA. An example is the deamination of cytosine to produce uracil.


negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway.


positive regulation of histone methylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.


regulation of glial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.


transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter.


regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


proline-rich region binding

Binding to a proline-rich region, i.e. a region that contains a high proportion of proline residues, in a protein.


sleep

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.


acylglycerol lipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acylglycerol = a fatty acid + glycerol.


regulation of NAD metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.


Clorazepate

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.


RNA endonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


Adinazolam

A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.


left/right pattern formation

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the left/right axis in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


protein-arginine omega-N asymmetric methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the same terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that was previously methylated, resulting in asymmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethylated arginine residues.


purine ribonucleotide transport

The directed movement of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.


carbon catabolite repression of transcription by glucose

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.


olfactory lobe development

The progression of the olfactory lobe over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory lobe is the area of the brain that process the neural inputs for the sense of smell.


Epidural hemorrhage

Hemorrhage occurring between the dura mater and the skull.


mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen

The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV.


Spinal Anesthesia

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


protein kinase D signaling

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


nasal cavity polyp

A soft and painless polypoid mass that arises from the mucosa in the nasal cavity. It is usually the result of an inflammatory process. It may recur following surgical resection.


endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


Clonic seizure

A clonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by sustained rhythmic jerking, that is regularly repetitive.


negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes.


pyuria

The presence of excessive white blood cells in the urine as determined by urinalysis.


renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation

Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


Abasia

A severe form of gait ataxia such that an affected person cannot walk at all.


Trimethaphan

A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.


positive regulation of interferon-alpha production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.


collagen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.


regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


plasma membrane fusion

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell.


Econazole

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.


L-glutamate transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-glutamate across a membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-[protein] + L-lysyl-[protein] = [protein]-L-lysyl-N(6)-5-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4+. This reaction is the formation of the N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptide, resulting in cross-linking polypeptide chains; the gamma-carboxamide groups of peptidyl-glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of peptidyl-lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and intermolecular N6-(5-glutamyl)lysine cross-links.


Central nervous system depression (disorder)


inorganic anion transmembrane transport

The process in which an inorganic anion is transported across a membrane.


L-glutamate import

The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle.


secondary hyperparathyroidism

Overproduction of parathyroid hormone in response to influence external to the parathyroid glands.


subarachnoid hemorrhage

Intracranial hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space.


Body odor

A perceived unpleasant smell given off by the body.


Typhlitis

Inflammation of the cecum, usually accompanied by neutropenia.


Fat Necrosis

Destruction of adipose tissue caused by the activity of lipase on damaged fat cells.


parasympathetic nervous system

The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia[GO].


satellite DNA binding

Binding to satellite DNA, the many tandem repeats (identical or related) of a short basic repeating unit; many have a base composition or other property different from the genome average that allows them to be separated from the bulk (main band) genomic DNA.


Golgi inheritance

The partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division.


synapse maturation

The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development.


Papaverine

A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.


Bacampicillin

A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.


peripheral ischemia

Deficient blood distribution to the limbs caused by narrowing or obstruction of the lumen of the peripheral arteries.


NADH regeneration

A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADH by the reduction of NAD+.


response to cold

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.


immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination

The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined.


positive regulation of response to oxidative stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.


mammary gland bud morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland buds are generated and organized. Mammary gland buds form by an outpocketing of the mammary placodes and grow to invade the mammary fat, when they form the mammary cord.


beta-tubulin binding

Binding to the microtubule constituent protein beta-tubulin.


cholesterol efflux

The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


endolymphatic duct

The small membranous canal, connecting with both saccule and utricle of the membranous labyrinth, passing through the aqueduct of vestibule, and terminating in the endolymphatic sac.


nephrosis

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.


negative regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.


triglyceride mobilization

The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism.


lipoteichoic acid binding

Binding to lipoteichoic acid.


negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.


response to salt

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.


branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


regulation of lysosomal lumen pH

Any process that modulates the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


dehydroascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of ERBB signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.


leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a leukocyte.


Peyronie disease

A condition characterized by hardening of the penis due to the formation of fibrous plaques on the dorsolateral aspect of the penis, usually involving the membrane (tunica albuginea) surrounding the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum penis). This may eventually cause a painful deformity of the shaft or constriction of the urethra, or both.


Phentolamine

A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.


palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate.


modulation by virus of host autophagy

Any process in which a virus effect a change in the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.


cardiac cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to specific cardiac cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac cells. Cardiac cells are cells that comprise the organ which pumps blood through the circulatory system.


carboxy-terminal domain protein kinase complex

A protein complex that phosphorylates amino acid residues of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain repeats; phosphorylation occurs mainly on Ser2 and Ser5.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.


detection of nodal flow

The series of events by which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cilium on a cell and converted to a molecular signal contributing to left/right asymmetry.


endothelial tube morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


negative thymic T cell selection

The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.


regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.


regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.


cyclohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2, in a reaction that involves the opening of a ring.


DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in transcription

A cascade of processes initiated in response to the detection of DNA damage, and resulting in the induction of transcription.


regulation of pigment cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pigmented cell differentiation.


Alprenolol

A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.


Chronic Insomnia

Insomnia that has persisted at least one month.


enteric nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation.


negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.


insulin-like growth factor I binding

Binding to insulin-like growth factor I.


Azelaic Acid

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.


laryngeal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the larynx. Representative examples include laryngitis, vocal cord polyp, squamous papilloma, and carcinoma.


vitamin B6 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.


regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.


DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of damaged bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.


Butoconazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.


GTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.


positive regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


Constriction of peripheral visual field

An absolute or relative decrease in retinal sensitivity extending from edge (periphery) of the visual field in a concentric pattern. The visual field is the area that is perceived simultaneously by a fixating eye.


serotonin binding

Binding to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


negative regulation of fibrinolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


infectious mononucleosis

A condition characterized by an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and swollen lymph nodes, which is usually caused by infection with the Epstein-Barr virus.


papillary muscle of heart

One of the group of myocardial bundles which terminate in the chordae tendineae that attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves; each ventricle has an anterior and a posterior papillary muscle; the right ventricle sometimes has a septal papillary muscle.


leukocyte adhesive activation

The activation of loosely bound or rolling leukocytes by signals displayed on blood vessel endothelial cells, which is typically the second step in cellular extravasation.


Arbekacin

A kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring.


response to caffeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.


translational attenuation

Translational attenuation is a regulatory mechanism analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation. The system requires the presence of a short ORF, called a leader peptide, encoded in the mRNA upstream of the ribosome-binding site and start codon of the gene whose translation is to be regulated. Certain conditions, such as presence of the antibiotic tetracycline in bacteria or amino acid starvation, may cause slowing or stalling of the ribosome translating the leader peptide. The stalled ribosome masks a region of the mRNA and affects which of two alternative mRNA folded structures will form, therefore controlling whether or not a ribosome will bind and initiate translation of the downstream gene. Translational attenuation is analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation, in which mRNA remodeling caused by ribosome stalling regulates transcriptional termination rather than translational initiation.


amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


Muscle stiffness

A condition in which muscles cannot be moved quickly without accompanying pain or spasm.


exophthalmos

The anterior displacement of the eye within the orbit, giving a bulging appearance.


transcription export complex

The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.


regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


GPI anchor binding

Binding to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. GPI anchors serve to attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.


nuclear outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


Claudication

Pain, cramping, and fatigue of the lower extremities upon ambulation due to ischemia.


positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.


acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis

A widespread acute rash characterized by fever and multiple small pustules on a reddish background.


positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target

The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain.


pre-mRNA binding

Binding to a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein that may contain introns and, at least in part, encodes one or more proteins. Introns are removed from pre-mRNA to form a mRNA molecule.


regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.


lymphocyte costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B- or T cell receptor to augment B- or T cell activation.


cellular response to potassium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


Reactive hypoglycemia

Hypoglycermia following a meal (or more generally, after intake of glucose).


ubiquitin-protein transferase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to lysine in a substrate protein.


alpha-actinin binding

Binding to alpha-actinin, one of a family of proteins that cross-link F-actin as antiparallel homodimers. Alpha-actinin has a molecular mass of 93-103 KDa; at the N-terminus there are two calponin homology domains, at the C-terminus there are two EF-hands. These two domains are connected by the rod domain. This domain is formed by triple-helical spectrin repeats.


bitter taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble bitter compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of bitter taste.


semaphorin receptor binding

Binding to a semaphorin receptor.


regulation of response to oxidative stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.


regulation of microvillus organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus.


phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. They are important constituents of cell membranes.


anatomical structure maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state.


negative regulation of glucose import

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


Alfentanil

A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.


organic acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).


platelet morphogenesis

Generation and organization of a platelet, a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.


retroperitoneal cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the retroperitoneum. The vast majority of cases are carcinomas, lymphomas, or sarcomas.


positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.


skin neoplasm

A benign or malignant tumor involving the skin. Representative examples of benign skin neoplasms include the benign melanocytic skin nevus, acanthoma, sebaceous adenoma, sweat gland adenoma, lipoma, hemangioma, fibroma, and benign fibrous histiocytoma. Representative examples of malignant skin neoplasms include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Kaposi sarcoma.


mRNA CDS binding

Binding to an mRNA molecule coding sequence (CDS).


zymogen inhibition

Any process that prevents the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.


RNA polymerase III transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III.


regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


apical protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.


excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


intussusceptive angiogenesis

The formation of new blood vessels as a result of the insertion and extension of lumenal tissue pillars.


positive regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.


norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in an increase in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to blood pressure change.


opioid peptide activity

Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.


inositol monophosphate 3-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


tRNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in a tRNA molecule.


corneal ulcer

Area of epithelial tissue loss from corneal surface; associated with inflammatory cells in the cornea and anterior chamber.


Ioflupane I-123

An azabicycloalkane that is ecgonine methyl ester in which the N-methyl group is replaced by 3-fluoropropyl and the 3beta-hydroxy group is replaced by 4-((123)I)iodophenyl. Used for the imaging of dopamine transporters in the brain of adult patients with potential Parkinsonian Syndromes.


protein kinase A binding

Binding to a protein kinase A.


CORVET complex

A multimeric protein complex that acts as an endosomal tethering complex (CORVET = class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) by cooperating with Rab GTPases to capture endosomal vesicles and trap them prior to the action of SNAREs; the complex is involved in endo-lysosomal biogenesis and required for transport between endosome and vacuole. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex contains Vps8p, Vps3p, Pep5p, Vps16p, Pep3p, and Vps33p.


positive regulation of monocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.


respiratory burst

A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


Posterior subcapsular cataract

A type of cataract affecting the posterior pole of lens immediately adjacent to ('beneath') the Lens capsule.


detection of temperature stimulus

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus (hot or cold) is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis

The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that that has membranes with high curvature in cross-section.


response to muscle stretch

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a myofibril being extended beyond its slack length.


renal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


bile acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


regulation of oxidative phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.


negative regulation of female receptivity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances.


cochlear nucleus

Any of the nuclei of the cochlear nuclear complex.


RNA replication

The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of RNA.


lipoxin A4 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoxin A4. Lipoxin A4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.


protein transport into membrane raft

The directed movement of a protein into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


neuropeptide binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuropeptides, peptides with direct synaptic effects (peptide neurotransmitters) or indirect modulatory effects on the nervous system (peptide neuromodulators).


hepatocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a hepatocyte, the main structural component of the liver.


regulation of mast cell cytokine production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.


polyketide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.


viral gene expression

A process by which a viral gene is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes viral transcription, processing to produce a mature RNA product, and viral translation.


negative regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.


RNA polymerase II, core complex

RNA polymerase II, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces mRNAs, snoRNAs, and some of the snRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains an essential carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) composed of a variable number of heptapeptide repeats (YSPTSPS). The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


DOXYCYCLINE ANHYDROUS

Tetracycline in which the 5beta-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group, while the 6alpha-hydroxy group is replaced by hydrogen. A semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, it is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and adult periodontitis.


leukotriene receptor activity

Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


response to acidic pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.


Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate.


spermatid nucleus elongation

The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation.


Elevated circulating C-reactive protein concentration

An abnormal elevation of the C-reactive protein level in the blood circulation.


Piloerection

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Cushing syndrome

Cushing's syndrome (CS) encompasses a group of hormonal disorders caused by prolonged and high exposure levels to glucocorticoids that can be of either endogenous (adrenal cortex production) or exogenous (iatrogenic) origin.


regulation of flagellated sperm motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


congenital heart disease

A heart disease that is present at birth. Representative examples include atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and patent foramen ovale.


Histidine

The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.


regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the RIG-I signaling pathway.


embryonic genitalia morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.


meningitis

A disorder characterized by acute inflammation of the meninges of the brain and/or spinal cord.


response to lead ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


hemorrhoid

Dilated veins in the anal canal.


regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport.


regulation of protein monoubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination.


C4-dicarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of C4-dicarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other.


MHC class Ib protein binding

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules.


arachidonic acid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into arachidonic acid and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.


replacement ossification

Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation.


adherens junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


short-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


pathological gambling

A disorder characterized by a preoccupation with gambling and the excitement that gambling with increasing risk provides. Pathological gamblers are unable to cut back on their gambling, despite the fact that it may lead them to lie, steal, or lose a significant relationship, job, or educational opportunity.


transcription factor TFIIA complex

A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12).


renal agenesis

Renal agenesis (RA) is a form of renal tract malformation characterized by the complete absence of development of one or both kidneys (unilateral RA or bilateral RA respectively), accompanied by absent ureter(s).


histamine transport

The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.


natural killer cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of natural killer cells.


amaurosis fugax

Transient complete or partial monocular blindness due to retinal ischemia. This may be caused by emboli from the CAROTID ARTERY (usually in association with CAROTID STENOSIS) and other locations that enter the central RETINAL ARTERY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p245)


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.


peripheral nervous system neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system.


nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad1p, Rad10p, and Rad14p; in human the subunits are ERCC4/XPF, ERCC1 and XPA, respectively.


sperm midpiece

The highly organized segment of the sperm flagellum which begins at the connecting piece and is characterized by the presence of 9 outer dense fibers (ODFs) that lie outside each of the 9 outer axonemal microtubule doublets and by a sheath of mitochondria that encloses the ODFs and the axoneme; the midpiece terminates about one-fourth of the way down the sperm flagellum at the annulus, which marks the beginning of the principal piece.


Practolol

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.


positive regulation of cartilage development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


cardiac neural crest cell development involved in heart development

The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the development of the heart.


peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-hydroxylysine.


ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a phosphoric ester bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


diaphragm development

The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs.


phosphatidic acid transfer activity

Removes a phosphatidic acid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. Phosphatidic acid refers to a glycophospholipids with, in general, a saturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-1, an unsaturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-2, and a phosphate group bonded to carbon-3.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 3-beta-D-glucuronosyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein.


cell volume homeostasis

Any process involved in maintaining the steady state of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell.


U4 snRNA binding

Binding to a U4 small nuclear RNA (U4 snRNA).


inner ear receptor cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an inner ear receptor cell.


cardioblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


MCM complex

A hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.


UTP-C complex

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rrp7p, Utp22p, Ckb1p, Cka1p, Ckb2p and Cka2p.


acid-thiol ligase activity

Catalysis of the joining of an acid and a thiol via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


triglyceride-rich plasma lipoprotein particle

A plasma lipoprotein particle that has a hydrophobic core enriched in triglycerides surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood.


GPI-linked ephrin receptor activity

Combining with a GPI-anchored ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.


bacterial arthritis

The inflammation of one or more joints caused by a bacterial infection within the joint space. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion in the affected joint.


SAGA complex

A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that deubiquitinates H2A and/or H2B. This complex is organized into several functional submodules: a structural core including the activator binding module and consisting of ADA1 or a homolog, members of the SPT and TAF protein families as well as promotor recruitment factor TRRAP/TRA1, a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module consisting of GCN5/KAT2A or PCAF/KAT2B, ADA2, ADA3/NGG1, and SGF29 or homologues thereof, a histone deubiquitinase (DUB) module consisting of ATXN7/SGF73, ATXN7L3/SGF11, ENY2/SUS1 and USP22/UBP8 or homologues thereof, and in some taxa a splicing module consisting of SF3B3 and SF3B5 or homologues thereof (not in fungi). In budding yeast also contains Spt8 which distinguishes it from SAGA-like (SLIK) complex (GO:0046695).


metanephric mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.


aorta development

The progression of the aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


GATOR2 complex

A multiprotein subcomplex of the GATOR complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In human, this complex consists of WDR24, WDR59, MIOS, SEH1L, and SEC13. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is referred to as SEACAT and contains the Sea2p, Sea3p, Sea4p, Seh1p, Sec13p proteins.


positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.


imidazole-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.


regulation of mitotic spindle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle checkpoint.


negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


Methionine

The L-enantiomer of methionine.


IRE1-TRAF2-ASK1 complex

A protein complex of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that consists of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), TRAF2 (TNF receptor-associated factor 2) and ASK1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, a MAP3K).