sulfur dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfur + O2 + H2O = sulfite.


ATP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6beta-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + ATP = ADP + 3 H+ + NADH + phosphate.


response to diphenyl ether

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenyl ether stimulus.


pullulan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-32 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, carboxy-terminal

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxy-terminal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has a carboxy-terminal thiocarboxy-C(=O)-SH bond.


detection of muscle inactivity

The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


formate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH.


aphidicolan-16 beta-ol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = aphidicolan-16-beta-ol + diphosphate.


snRNP binding

Binding to a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.


response to resveratrol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a resveratrol stimulus.


negative regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.


phthalate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate = (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate. (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate is also known as trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate.


ubiquinone-6 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone-6.


ameloblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an ameloblast, a cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ.


endocardial precursor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in scattered antral spaces stage

The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


positive regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


plasma membrane fusion involved in cytogamy

The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, that contributes to cytogamy.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


compound eye pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


corrinoid adenosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + 2 corrinoid + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 2 adenosylcorrinoid + 3 H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 2 triphosphate. The corrinoid can be cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide, cob(II)inamide or cob(II)alamin.


preQ1 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine + 2 NADP+ = 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + 3 H+ + 2 NADPH.


ATP citrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + ADP + H+ + oxaloacetate + phosphate = ATP + citrate + CoA.


positive regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that induces or promotes trichoblast fate specification.


limonene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


coenzyme F420-2 alpha-glutamyl ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420-2 + L-glutamate + GTP = coenzyme F420-3 + GDP + orthophosphate.


oxalate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalate = CO2 + formate.


larynx morphogenesis

The process in which the larynx is generated and organized. The larynx is a continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose = UDP-4-keto-rhamnose.


cellular response to gravity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD+ = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+.


ecdysone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.


GTP 3',8'-cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP=(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate.


glucose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + acceptor = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.


modulation by symbiont of host anion transport

The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.


secondary neural tube formation

The formation of the neural tube by coalescence of mesenchymal cells followed by their conversion to epithelial cells to form a solid cord that subsequently hollows out (cavitates) to create a hollow tube. Secondary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the neural tube posterior to the posterior neuropore in mammals.


cystic duct development

The progression of the cystic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cystic duct runs from the gallbladder to the common bile duct.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + H+(out) = malate(in) + H+(in).


adhesion of symbiont to microvasculature

The adherence of symbiont-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via symbiont proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte.


disruption by virus of host TRAF-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which a virus interferes with TRAF-mediated signal transduction in the host.


inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H+ = CO2 + D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + H2O.


sensory perception of fast pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds.


negative regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.


response to ciliary neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.


siderophore uptake transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(in) + H+(in).


positive regulation of tendon cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.


The disaggregation of a protein-carbohydrate complex into its constituent components.


positive regulation of xanthophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.


pyrophosphate hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transmembrane transport of one proton (H+), driven by the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate, and generating a proton motive force.


aggregation involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


histone H2BK12 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


negative regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


elongation factor-2 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [elongation factor 2] = ADP + [elongation factor 2] phosphate.


protein localization to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton.


nucleoside binding

Binding to a nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


selenite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: SeO3(2-) + 3NADPH + 5H+ = H2Se + 3NADP+ + 3H2O.


mimosinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-mimosine + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4H-pyrid-4-one + L-serine.


very long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway acting on a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons. The partway stars with the conversion of an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


C-C motif chemokine 19 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 19 (CCL19) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamate + ATP + NH4 = 4-methylene-L-glutamine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O + OH- = 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + 4 H+ + 4 e- + methylamine.


NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.


cellular response to nickel ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel ion stimulus.


oligogalacturonide lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate = 2 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate.


hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution.


D(-)-tartrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tartrate = H2O + oxaloacetate.


negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


positive regulation of ductus arteriosus closure

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.


linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA and add a fourth double bond (a (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA).


negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin-I dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prostaglandin I(2) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin I(2) + H+ + NADPH.


response to interleukin-17

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


ferric triacetylfusarinine C:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric triacetylfusarinine C(out) + H+(out) = ferric triacetylfusarinine C(in) + H+(in).


cytoplasmic polyadenylation

Any process by which dormant, translationally inactive mRNAs become activated via the elongation of their poly(A) tails in the cytosol.


lactate racemization

Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomer into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture.


regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


mitochondrial tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.


T cell homeostatic proliferation

The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.


uterine gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an uterine gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


momilactone-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-9beta-pimara-7,15-diene-19,6beta-olide + NAD(P) = momilactone A + H+ + NAD(P)H.


otolith mineralization completed early in development

The formation of otoliths during embryogenesis with completion in early postembryonic development. Formation occurs by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate around an organic core of extracellular matrix proteins. Otoconia (otoliths) are small (~10 micron) dense extracellular particles present in the otolith end organs of the vertebrate inner ear.


xylan binding

Binding to xylan.


regulation of lymphatic vessel size

Any process that modulates the size of lymphatic vessels.


negative regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


ISG15 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both the X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


acetolactate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate = (R)-2-acetoin + CO2.


formyl-CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + oxalate = formate + oxalyl-CoA.


translocation of peptides or proteins into host

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


steroid 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + donor-H2 + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid + H2O.


oxamate carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + oxamate = oxalurate + phosphate.


regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.


left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.


transforming growth factor beta1 production

The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


3-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 3-phenanthrylsulfate.


negative regulation of T cell extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


specification of segmental identity, labial segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


response to anisomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.


mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


alkylglycerone kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-alkylglycerone + ATP = O-alkylglycerone phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


U6 snRNA (adenine-(43)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(43) in U6 snRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-methyladenine(43) in U6 snRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone + NAD+ = mentha-1,3-dione + NADH + H+.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination

A histone ubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is added to a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.


platelet-derived growth factor production

The appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


beta-amylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1) + H2O = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n-1) + alpha-maltose. This reaction is the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


basement membrane disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion

A process that results in the breakdown of the basement membrane that contributes to the process of semicircular canal fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxypyridine + AH(2) + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + A + H2O.


cellulosome assembly

The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall.


protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine

The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine.


peptidyl-threonine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine.


myxospore formation

The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed, usually within a fruiting body by Myxobacteria. The myxospore is more resistant to high temperature, dessication, and UV than vegetative myxobacteria.


animal organ development

Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


negative regulation of seed maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


B cell positive selection

Any process in which B cells are selected to survive based on signaling through the B cell antigen receptor.


transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.


histone octamer slider activity

A chromatin remodeler activity that slides core histone octamers along chromosomal DNA.


unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-O-(4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose(1-) + H2O <=> (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.


quinone cofactor methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine during the synthesis of quinone cofactors such as ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), menaquinone (vitamin K2), plastoquinone and phylloquinone (vitamin K1).


negative regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


cleistothecium formation

The process of producing a cleistothecium, a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci. Cleistothecia are present in some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + H2O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide.


aminophospholipid flippase activity

Enables the transfer of aminophospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.


cerebellar granular layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar granular layer to attain its fully functional state. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


negative regulation of thymocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


positive regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


immunoglobulin-mediated neutralization

The inhibition of an antigen's biological effects by antibody binding to it. An example is neutralization of diphtheria toxin by preventing its entry into human cells via the binding of antibody specific for diphtheria toxin.


negative regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + acetate.


specification of segmental identity, antennal segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Golgi calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + phytanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA + CO2 + succinate.


The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine.


chloroplast accumulation movement

The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 14betaH-scalarane-17alpha-19-diol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


actin-dependent intracellular transport of virus

The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell cytoplasm via the host's actin filaments. Actin-dependent transport is induced by viral proteins that interact with actin and/or host cell motor proteins like myosins or that promotes actin polymerization/depolymerization reactions.


metanephric long descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.


tensidol B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol B.


primary shoot apical meristem specification

The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.


inhibition of host CRISPR-cas system by virus

A process by which a virus inhibits the CRISPR-cas system of its host.


(+)-beta-barbatene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-beta-barbatene + diphosphoric acid.


oculomotor nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the oculomotor nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


linalool 8-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linalool + O2 = (2E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol + A + H2O.


galacturonan binding

Binding to a simple or complex galacturonan. Galacturonan is any glycan composed solely of galacturonic acid residues, a specific type of glycuronan, and a constituent of some pectins.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cytogamy

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules forming part of a cell wall that contribute to cytogamy.


larval midgut cell programmed cell death

The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ.


transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type III

Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; facilitates ligand binding to type I and type II TGF-beta receptors.


negative regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


tRNA U34 sulfurtransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uridine34 in tRNA + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 2-thiouridine34 in tRNA + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.


CTP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CTP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> rubusoside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).


regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle modulating contraction

Any process that modulates velocity of shortening of a skeletal muscle contraction. The shortening leads to reduction of the length of muscle fibers and sarcomeres.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine = N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorobenzoate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA.


myosin heavy chain kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-heavy-chain = ADP + myosin-heavy-chain phosphate.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-1-thioglycine from other compounds, including peptidyl-glycine.


post-embryonic forelimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an organism.


lysine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NAD+ = 1,2-didehydropiperidine-2-carboxylate + NH3 + NADH.


uniporter activity

Catalysis of the transport of a single molecular species across a membrane; transport is independent of the movement of any other molecular species.


FAT10 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-FAT10 + S = X + S-FAT10, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-FAT10 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-FAT10 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of FAT10 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


haltere disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the haltere disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a haltere imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.


maltodextrin phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maltodextrin = glucose-1-phosphate.


cellular response to thyroxine stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.


cellular response to magnesium starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.


detection of nutrient

The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol oxoanion + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3-O-methylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


modification by symbiont of host cell wall

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


D-arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.


cap2 mRNA methylation

Methylation of the ribose of the first and second nucleotides of a 5'-capped mRNA.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


S-lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


cellodextrin binding

Binding to a cellodextrin, a glucose polymer of 2 or more glucose monomers.


coreceptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a co-receptor on the host cell surface.


regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


parthenolide 3beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: parthenolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 3beta-hydroxyparthenolide + NADP + H2O.


bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swarming motility

Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility in which the action of numerous flagella results in the smooth movement of a group of cells along a solid surface. Swarming motility is observed in groups of bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


maleimide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maleimide = H+ + maleamate.


Catalysis of the successive hydrolysis of beta-D-glucose units from the non-reducing ends of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, releasing alpha-glucose.


snRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Activity that provides specificity to a methylase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific 2'-O-ribose methylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


violaceol I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol I.


granulysin production

The appearance of granulysin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


lateral sprouting involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

The process in which a branch forms along the side of a ureteric bud.


release of seed from dormancy

The process in which the dormant state is broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated upon release.


conjugation with cellular fusion

A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


galactarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactarate, an anion of galactaric acid, the meso-aldaric acid derived from both D- and L-galactose.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + a glycogen <=> n a maltodextrin.


URM1 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y = Y-URM1 + X, where both the X-URM1 and Y-URM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


meso-tartrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-tartrate + NAD+ = dihydroxyfumarate + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction.


commissural neuron differentiation in spinal cord

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of commissural neurons. Commissural neurons in both vertebrates and invertebrates transfer information from one side of their bodies to the other through the midline. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and the latter donor is dehydrogenated.


aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor

The oxidation of hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. A hydrogenase enzyme binds H2 and the hydrogen atoms are passed through an electron transfer chain to O2 to form water.


maintenance of meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


substance P catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the neuropeptide substance P.


translocation of DNA into host

The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.


pronephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


aromatic primary alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic primary alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = catechol + NADH + H+.


formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + H2O + NAD+ = formate + 2 H+ + NADH.


heteroduplex formation involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences.


protein S-linked glycosylation via cysteine

The glycosylation of protein via the sulfur atom of peptidyl-cysteine, forming S-glycosyl-L-cysteine.


regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


E-phenylitaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: E-phenylitaconyl-CoA + H2O = (hydroxymethylphenyl)succinyl-CoA.


dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2,3-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] or 3,4-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


establishment of petal orientation

The process that determines the orientation of petals with reference to the central axis.


regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.


response to ceramide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ceramide stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + beta-alanine betaine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+.


[cytochrome c]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytochrome c L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cytochrome c N6-methyl-L-lysine. This is the addition of a methyl group to the N6 atom of a lysine residue in cytochrome c.


psoralen synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-marmesin + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> psoralen + NADP + acetone + 2 H2O.


p-cresol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cresol.


tricarboxylic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


cellular response to aldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldehyde stimulus.


entry of viral genome into host nucleus via docking of viral capsid to the nuclear pore complex and injection of viral genome

Viral penetration into the host nucleus where the where a viral capsid docks on the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and ejects the viral genome through the pore into the nucleoplasm.


C-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carbon atom of an acceptor molecule.


negative regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction

The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase.


positive regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


pyruvate carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + pyruvate = ADP + 2 H+ + oxaloacetate + phosphate.


coenzyme gamma-F420-2 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme gamma-F420-2 (F420-2; coenzyme F420; N-{N-[O-(7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin phospho)-(S)-lactyl]-gamma-L-glutamyl}-L-glutamate), the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+-)-trans-acenaphthene-1,2-diol + 2 NADP+ = acenaphthene-1,2-dione + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.


interleukin-15 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-15 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


menarche

The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.


regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


intracellular acyl-CoA homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of acyl-CoA within a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing C5-methyluridine.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus via nuclear envelope disassembly

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus that involves disruption of the nuclear membrane envelope by the virus.


melilotate 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H2O + NAD+.


CCL2-activated CCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


alpha-zeacarotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-zeacarotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N2-methylguanine.


oxanine DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated guanine where the resulting base (oxanine) is generated by NO- or HNO2-induced nitrosative deamination.


type II hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


negative regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


anaerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.


cellular stress response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in cellular homeostasis caused by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


sperm displacement

The physical displacement of sperm stored from previous mating encounters.


D-glucosamine PTS permease activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a [PTS enzyme I]-Npi-phospho-L-histidine + D-glucosamine <=> D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + a [PTS enzyme I]-L-histidine.


female gonad morphogenesis

The process in which a female gonad is generated and organized.


ventral furrow formation

Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.


limb epidermis stratification

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the epidermis of the limb in space to define a volume in which specific patterns of basal cell, spinous cell and granular cells will differentiate giving rise to the layers of the limb epidermis.


negative regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


pyridoxal binding

Binding to pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde, a form of vitamin B6.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


abducens nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 7-hydroxyisoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 7-methoxyisoflavone.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + reduced ferredoxin.


versiconal hemiacetal acetate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versiconol acetate + NADP <=> versiconal hemiacetal acetate + NADPH.


response to purvalanol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.


cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-bis-L-cysteine.


mitochondrial inner membrane fusion

The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial inner membranes to form a single membrane.


heme B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme B, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


antifungal peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antifungal peptide.


atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between an atrial cardiomyocyte and an AV node cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric distal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.


4-hydroxymandelate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + CO2 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H+.


XTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: XTP + H2O = XMP + H+ + diphosphate.


cAMP intoxication in host

The production by a symbiont of high levels of cyclic AMP in a host cell, impairing host cellular functions in multiple ways, including ATP depletion, interference with host intracellular signaling, cytoskeletal defects and apoptosis-related cell death.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = (9-D-ribosylxanthine)-5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


histone H3 kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H3.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-alanine.


metal incorporation into metallo-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of a metal into a metallo-molybdopterin complex.


negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


hypoglossal nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


GTP-dependent protein kinase activity

GTP dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein serine/threonine = ADP + protein serine/threonine phosphate.


peptidyl-serine decanoylation

The decanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-glutaconyl-CoA + H+ = but-2-enoyl-CoA + CO2.


sneeze reflex

A reflex process that expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from irritation of the nasal mucous membrane.


kanamycin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + kanamycin = ADP + 2 H+ + kanamycin 3'-phosphate.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-RNA)-L-tyrosine.


positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


histone H3-R26 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 26 of the histone.


anterior lateral line neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line.


Langerhans cell chemotaxis

The movement of a Langerhans cell in response to an external stimulus.


dorsal root ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dorsal root ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate + ATP = 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + diphosphate + AMP.


polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


D-fuconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-fuconate + H2O.


5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.


metanephric short descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology.


cellular response to ecdysone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.


virion attachment to host cell pilus

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a pilus on the host cell surface. Pili are retractile filaments that protrude from gram-negative bacteria. Filamentous viruses can attach to the pilus tip, whereas icosahedral viruses can attach to the pilus side.


negative regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in primitive streak formation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the formation of the primitive streak.


negative regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.


protein import into peroxisome matrix, substrate release

The process by which the cargo protein is released into the peroxisomal matrix, following translocation across the membrane.


response to hydrogen sulfide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen sulfide stimulus.


suppression by virus of host exit from mitosis

Any viral process which decreases the rate or extent of a host cell leaving M phase of the cell cycle. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.


arylmalonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aryl-2-methylmalonate + H+ = 2-arylpropionate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + H2O = a phosphatidate + CMP + 2 H+.


intracellular aspartate homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of aspartate within a cell.


cellular response to endothelin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endothelin stimulus. Endothelin is any of three secretory vasoconstrictive peptides (endothelin-1, -2, -3).


mononuclear cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mononuclear cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cholesterol = UDP + cholesteryl beta-D-glucoside + H+.


phagosome maturation involved in apoptotic cell clearance

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell and contributes to apoptotic cell clearance. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome.


regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + 2''-nucleotidylaminoglycoside.


effector-mediated modulation of host innate immune response by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate + L-cysteine + L-valine + 3 ATP + H2O = N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + 3 AMP + 3 diphosphate + 6 H+.


response to dsDNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.


S-methylmethionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-methyl-methionine (SMM). SMM can be converted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


cytoplasm protein quality control

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are either targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation or protected by chaperones to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.


regulation of microglial cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


female germline ring canal formation, actin assembly

Recruitment and organization of actin filaments in female germline ring canals.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',4',5'-tetramethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


chorismate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chorismate, the anion of (3R-trans)-3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid.


regulation of peptide antigen transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-threonine + H+ = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate + CO2.


O antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(out) + H+(out) = 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(in) + H+(in).


cleistothecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cleistothecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


UMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UMP = ADP + UDP.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in).


steroid 22-alpha hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-campestanaol + O2 = 6-deoxocathasterone + H2O.


de novo centriole assembly

Centriole assembly in which a centriole arises de novo, rather than by replication from an existing centriole. This process may occur via different mechanisms. Examples include the deuterosome pathway in multicilated epithelial animal cells and formation of centrioles during parthenogenesis in some insects.


phenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NADP+ + H2O.


aromatic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.


benzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzene.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane.


closure of embryonic heart tube

Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + L-serine = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + choline.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway.


pons reticulospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.


response to leptomycin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


proboscis morphogenesis, eye-antennal disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized.


W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


geraniol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary initiation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NAD+.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.


cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.


indole 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole + O2 = 2-formamidobenzaldehyde.


carotenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.


L-arabitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


negative regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a decanoyl (CH3-[CH2]8-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity, forward reaction

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor -> 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


negative regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


cytosine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of tube length, open tracheal system

Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length.


postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

Neurotransmitter receptor activity occuring in the postsynaptic membrane during synaptic transmission.


ocellus photoreceptor cell development

Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + Na+(out) = proline(in) + Na+(in).


glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.


thyroid hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


(13S)-vitexifolin A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:9alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = (13S)-vitexifolin A + diphosphate.


geraniol 10-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: polyprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = polyprenylphosphate-glucose + UDP.


thiol S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thioether.


abscisic acid binding

Binding to abscisic acid, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


cellular response to ergosterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ergosterol stimulus.


PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).


cellular response to formaldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formaldehyde stimulus.


glioblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a glioblast into daughter cells.


alpha-1,4-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n = RDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n+1, where RDP is ADP or UDP.


sphingolipid biosynthesis involved in endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids that contributes to endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization.


negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nitrate(out) + H+(out) = nitrate(in) + H+(in).


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.


alkyl hydroperoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octane hydroperoxide + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + 1-octanol.


organellar voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. The membrane is an organellar membrane.


hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase activity

A hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate <=> an oxoicosatetraenoate + H2O.


itaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citramalyl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + H2O.


sperm incapacitation

The process in which the use of stored sperm from the first-mating male is inhibited by the seminal fluid of subsequently mating males.


post-embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


amine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + an acceptor (A) + H2O = an aldehyde + a reduced acceptor (AH2) + NH4+.


stizolobate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 4-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde.


sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore

The formation of multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from meiosis. A multicellular or syncytial spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + phosphate.


anterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.


Lugaro cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature Lugaro cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Lugaro cell fate. A Lugaro cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


dissimilatory sulfite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: [DsrC protein]-disulfide + 2 A + 3 H2O + hydrogen sulfide = [DsrC protein]-dithiol + 2 AH2 + H+ + sulfite and [DsrC protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine/L-cysteine + 3 A + 3 H2O = [DsrC protein]-disulfide + 3 AH2 + 2 H+ + sulfite.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte in the growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


quinolinate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


intracellular mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + agmatine = N-(4-guanidiniumylbutyl)-4-hydroxycinnamamide + CoA + H+.


mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tether activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrion and an ER membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the mitochondrion.


positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + propane-1,2-diol 1-phosphate = H+ + hydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.


agglutination involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation without cellular fusion of a unicellular organism.


SREBP-SCAP complex retention in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process in which the SREBP-SCAP complex is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. The SREBP-SCAP complex is formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). In the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed. In the presence of sterols, the complex binds ER-resident proteins such as INSIG, which retain the complex in the ER.


cardioblast cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


actin cortical patch assembly

Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells.


negative regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in ureteric bud development

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the ureteric bud along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


response to decalin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decalin stimulus.


cytochrome P450 dependent 16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 12,13beta-epoxy-16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NAD(P).


positive regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation

The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


swim bladder formation

The process that gives rise to the swim bladder. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


psychomotor behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that combines cognitive functions and physical movement. For example, driving a car, throwing a ball, or playing a musical instrument.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O2 = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O2 + H+.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-18 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


trans-activation response element binding

Binding to a trans-activation response (TAR) element, a hairpin RNA structure located at the 5' end of all HIV-1 transcripts, and which is required for trans-activation of a viral promoter.


cellulose-polysulfatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2- and 3-sulfate groups of the polysulfates of cellulose and charonin.


ultradian rhythm

The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours.


protein-phosphocysteine-glucose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + glucose(out) = protein cysteine + glucose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


telomeric loop disassembly

The telomere maintenance process in which telomeric loops are disassembled to permit efficient telomere replication.


snoRNA guided rRNA 2'-O-methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of methylation.


methylenediurea deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + methylenediurea = CO2 + 2 NH3 + N-hydroxymethylurea.


protein localization to actin filament bundle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin filament bundle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate = (1R,6R)-2-succinyl-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + pyruvate.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved SA node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


endoribonuclease activity, cleaving miRNA-paired mRNA

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA in a double-stranded RNA molecule formed by the base pairing of an mRNA with an miRNA.


histone H3K56 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56).


induction of negative chemotaxis

Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one + NAD+ = 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + H+ + NADH.


response to neutral pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + gypsogenate = gypsogenate-28-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


positive gravitropism

The orientation of plant parts towards gravity.


(+)-pulegone reductase, (+)-isomenthone as substrate, activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-isomenthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.


chlorophyll binding

Binding to a chlorophyll; a compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.


ferrichrome biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


regulation of spore-bearing organ development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.


N-formylglutamate deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formate.


menstruation

The cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and endometrial tissues from the nonpregnant uterus.


regulatory T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a regulatory T cell.


phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: campest-4-en-3beta-ol + NAD = campest-4-en-3-one + NADH + H+.


spermidine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: spermidine + acceptor + H2O = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + reduced acceptor.


aspartate transamidation

The exchange of the amino group of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, for another amino group.


cellular detoxification of metal ion

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a metal ion.


cell adhesion involved in multi-species biofilm formation

The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of different species.


sinoatrial valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinoatrial valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


glucose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.


positive regulation of gonad development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + glyoxylate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + glycine.


flower phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of floral organ primordia around a central axis in a flower primordium.


selenium-containing prosthetic group metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.


cyanogenic glycoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


3-oxo-myristoyl-ACP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 3-oxo-myristoyl-[acp] = 3-oxo-myristate + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


posterior commissure morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the midbrain towards target cells in the diencephalon.


flavonoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.


lutein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lutein.


right lung morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the right lung are generated and organized.


positive regulation of cardioblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation.


ethanol-acetate fermentation to butyrate and caproate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol and acetate to butyrate and caproate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and saccharopine. This pathway is used by yeast and fungi to synthesize the essential amino acid L-lysine, and pathway intermediates are often incorporated into secondary metabolic processes. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This is then reduced to form alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, which is metabolized to saccharopine and finally L-lysine.


protein propionyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-propionyl-lysine-peptide.


internal mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an internal epithelial cell of the mammary gland bud. Internal cells are small and of irregular shape.


intracellular signal transduction

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.


3-ethylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-ethylmalate + CoA + H+.


corticospinal neuron axon decussation

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed to cross the midline to the contralateral side.


thyroxine 5-deiodinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H+ = L-thyroxine + AH2.


maintenance of protein localization to heterochromatin

A process in which a protein is maintained in a location in telomeric heterochromatin.


dichloromethane dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dichloromethane + H2O = 2 chloride + formaldehyde + 2 H+.


peptide cross-linking via S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine

The formation of a cross-link between peptidyl-cysteine and peptidyl-threonine via the formation of S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine.


SAGA complex localization to transcription regulatory region

Any process in which a SAGA complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the transcription regulatory region of a gene.


photosynthetic acclimation

A response to light intensity in which exposure to medium-intensity light results in increased tolerance to high-intensity light.


asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate.


N-terminal protein amino acid glucuronylation

The glucuronylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


Spemann organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore

Formation of the specialized region at the dorsal lip of the blatopore of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.


cobalt ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cobalt ions within an organism or cell.


response to dinitrophenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.


caffeoyl-CoA: alcohol caffeoyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + a saturated primary alcohol = an alkyl caffeate + CoA.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


chitin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


histone H3K37 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 37) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 37). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 37 of the histone H3 protein.


2-oxoglutarate, L-arginine oxygenase (succinate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-argininium(1+) + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-arginine(1+) + succinate + carbon dioxide.


levan fructotransferase (DFA-IV-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)]n-D-fructofuranoside = beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)](n-1)-D-fructofuranoside + di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride (DFA IV) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->6)-beta-D-fructan (levan) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.


vitelline membrane formation

Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of the egg shell, a rigid structure required to maintain the shape of the egg.


negative regulation of oospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.


Atg8-family conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of an Atg8 family modifer from one protein to a phosphatidylethanolamine or  phosphatidylserine on a membrane, via the reaction X-Atg8 + Y = Y-Atg8 + X.


lipoprotein amino acid oxidation

The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids in the protein.


9-cis-beta-carotene 9',10'-cleavage oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-cis-beta-carotene + O2 <=> 9-cis-10'-apo-beta-carotenal + beta-ionone.


multivesicular body fusion to apical plasma membrane

The fusion of the membrane of a multivesicular body with the apical plasma membrane, resulting in release of exosomes from the cell.


tabersonine 16-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + tabersonine = 16-hydroxytabersonine + H2O + NADP+.