rhombomere 3 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 3 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


Scaly skin

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of steps that is independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay, and that can regulate mRNA stability.


monoterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.


RNA polymerase I transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase I.


AP-2 adaptor complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits, and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle, and the cargo receptors during receptor/clathrin mediated endocytosis. Vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


depyrimidination

The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N6-methyladenine.


response to histamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.


foramen ovale closure

The morphogenetic process in which the foramen ovale closes after birth, to prevent blood flow between the right and left atria. In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. Closure of the foramen ovale after birth stops this blood flow.


Arteriosclerosis of aorta

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


regulation of sprouting of injured axon

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.


axial mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.


galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of galactosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of galactose or a galactose derivative.


trachea gland development

The progression of a trachea gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Trachea glands are found under the mucus of the trachea and secrete mucus, and agents that help protect the lung from injury and infection.


lobar bronchus epithelium development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus epithelium is the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus.


cytoplasm to vacuole transport by the Cvt pathway

A cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway that uses machinery common with autophagy. The Cvt vesicle is formed when the receptor protein, Atg19, binds to the complexes of the target protein (aminopeptidase or alpha-mannosidase homododecamers), forming the Cvt complex. Atg11 binds to Atg9 and transports the Cvt complex to the pre-autophagosome (PAS). The phagophore membrane expands around the Cvt complex (excluding bulk cytoplasm) forming the Cvt vesicle. This pathway is mostly observed in yeast.


regulation of DNA ligation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.


regulation of serotonin uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin into a cell.


phosphatidylinositol transfer activity

Removes phosphatidylinositol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


Impacted cerumen

Blockage of the external auditory canal by a buildup of earwax.


Food craving

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


exocrine pancreatic carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreas


gap junction channel activity involved in cardiac conduction electrical coupling

A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cardiomyocyte to an adjacent cardiomyocyte. The gap junction passes electrical signals between the cells contributing to cardiac conduction.


sulfonylurea receptor binding

Binding to a sulfonylurea receptor, a regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel.


foot and mouth disease

A viral infectious disease that results in infection in cattle and swine, has material basis in foot-and-mouth disease virus, which is transmitted by contaminated fomites, or transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated with infected meat or animal products. The infection results in formation of vesicles in the mouth, or on the feet and has symptom lameness.


common myeloid progenitor cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of common myeloid progenitor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A common myeloid progenitor cell is a progenitor cell committed to the myeloid lineage.


neuroligin family protein binding

Binding to a member of the neuroligin protein family, neuronal cell surface proteins that mediate synapse formation.


Cytomegalovirus colitis

A form of cytomegalovirus infection characterized by infection and inflammation of the colon.


platelet dense granule

Electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.


L-cysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


familial supernumerary nipples

Familial supernumerary nipples is a rare breast malformation characterized by the presence, in various members of a single family, of one or more nipple(s) and/or their related tissue, in addition to the normal bilateral chest nipples. The anomaly is usually situated along the embryonic milk line, from axillae to inguinal regions, but other locations are also possible. Association with dental abnormalities, Becker nevus, renal or underlying breast tissue malignancy and genitourinary malformations has been reported.


developmental coordination disorder

A disorder characterized by an impairment in the development of an individual's motor coordination skills; this impairment in motor development is not due to a medical condition.


peptic ulcer perforation

Penetration of a peptic ulcer through the wall of duodenum or stomach allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the peritoneal cavity.


integrin alpha11-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha11 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


endoplasmic reticulum palmitoyltransferase complex

A complex of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes S-palmitoylation, the addition of palmitate (C16:0) or other long-chain fatty acids to proteins at a cysteine residue.


IDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.


positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.


chorion development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chorion from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The chorion is an extraembryonic membrane.


RISC complex assembly

The process in which a single-stranded small RNA is incorporated within the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC). The assembly includes the maturation of the small RNA, the stabilization of the complex by accessory proteins of the RISC complex, duplex separation and the release of the second strand, forming a base-pairing completent complex that mediates gene silencing by small RNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


vitamin D response element binding

Binding to a vitamin D response element (VDRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-methylcytosine.


negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


white fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


generalized anxiety disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive and difficult-to-control worry about a number of life situations. The worry is accompanied by restlessness, fatigue, inability to concentrate, irritability, muscle tension, and/or sleep disturbance and lasts for at least 6 months.


inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


peptidyl-lysine deacetylation

The removal of an acetyl group from an acetylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


asymmetric neuroblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials.


lactate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid.


regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


positive regulation of neuron maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.


pyruvate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


turbinate bone

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The small curved bones that extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal passage.


anovulation

The absence of ovulation.


regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process.


positive regulation of protein glycosylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


middle ear cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the middle ear


proline dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + acceptor = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 7.


gonadal mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.


positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.


Mucocutaneous candidiasis

A fungal infection of the skin, nails, oral and vaginal mucosal sites caused by species of the genus Candida. It manifests with white discoloration of the tongue and swelling, redness, and tenderness of the nails.


histone H4K8 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 8) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 8).


hypothalamus cell migration

The directed movement of a cell into the hypothalamus region of the forebrain.


p38MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a p38 MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.


glycoprotein transport

The directed movement of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.


intermediate filament bundle assembly

The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs.


regulation of mammary gland involution

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.


regulation of plasminogen activation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


type 2A serotonin receptor binding

Binding to a type 2A serotonin receptor.


7SK snRNA binding

Binding to a 7SK small nuclear RNA (7SK snRNA).


abducens nerve disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the abducens nerve (sixth cranial nerve).


pyroptosis

A caspase-1-dependent cell death subroutine that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18.


Wrist drop

A condition in which the affected individual cannot extend the wrist, which hangs flaccidly.


glucuronate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid.


dTMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).


gallbladder development

The progression of the gallbladder over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The gallbladder is a cavitated organ that stores bile.


atrial ventricular junction remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of heart tissue that contributes to the maturation of the connection between an atrium and a ventricle.


gamma-tubulin small complex

A complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules and two conserved non-tubulin proteins. Some gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex.


scoliosis

A congenital or acquired spinal deformity characterized by lateral curvature of the spine.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to peritoneum

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the peritoneum from another primary anatomic site.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


intracellular distribution of mitochondria

Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell.


chondromalacia

Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (cartilage).


mRNA 3'-end processing by stem-loop binding and cleavage

Any mRNA 3'-end processing that involves the binding to and cleavage of a stem-loop structure. For example, histone mRNAs contain a highly conserved stem-loop sequence at the 3' end of the mRNA with a 6 base pairs (bp) stem and a 4-nt loop. The mRNA is cleaved between these two elements, after the fourth or fifth nucleotide, which is typically an adenosine.


microcytic anemia

Anemia in which the red blood cell volume is decreased.


positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


FACIT collagen trimer

A collagen trimer that associates with collagen fibrils and consists of collagen monomers that contain two or more relatively short triple-helical domains connected by non-triple-helical sequences.


cerebellar Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation

The process that mediates the transfer of information from Purkinje cells to granule cell precursors resulting in an increase in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.


neurotransmitter receptor regulator activity

A molecular function that directly (via physical interaction or direct modification) activates, inhibits or otherwise modulates the activity of a neurotransmitter receptor. Modulation of activity includes changes in desensitization rate, ligand affinity, ion selectivity and pore-opening/closing.


mammary gland bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the mammary placode. A mammary bud is bulb of epithelial cells that is distinct from the surrounding epidermis.


molybdopterin synthase complex

A protein complex that possesses molybdopterin synthase activity. In E. coli, the complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two MoaD and two MoaE subunits.


Blacking Out

A temporary loss of consciousness or a temporary state of altered consciousness that results in memory loss.


periostitis

Inflammation of the periosteum. The condition is generally chronic, and is marked by tenderness and swelling of the bone and an aching pain. Acute periostitis is due to infection, is characterized by diffuse suppuration, severe pain, and constitutional symptoms, and usually results in necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)


endolysosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.


extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.


pancreatic A cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic A cell and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


microtubule sliding

The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule.


molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


Motor Deficit

Loss of movement function.


Single umbilical artery

Single umbilical artery (SUA) is the absence of one of the two umbilical arteries surrounding the fetal bladder and in the fetal umbilical cord.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: CoQH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = CoQ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.


pigment metabolic process involved in developmental pigmentation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism.


maintenance of lens transparency

A homeostatic process in which the lens is maintained in a highly refractive, transparent state to allow for optimal focusing of light on the retina.


mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


polyphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


positive regulation of protein activation cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein activation cascade.


fat pad development

The progression of a fat pad from its initial formation to its mature structure. A fat pad is an accumulation of adipose tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


Premature Obstetric Labor

Regular uterine activity with associated cervical change prior to 37 weeks gestation.


positive regulation of response to type II interferon

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.


linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,11E)-(13S)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate.


histone mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA).


beta-galactoside (CMP) alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R.


positive regulation of response to alcohol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.


acylglycerol transport

The directed movement of an acylglycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An acylglycerol is any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.


site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity, specific for altered base

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages at specific sites within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.


positive regulation of protein deubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein deubiquitination.


capillary leak syndrome

A syndrome characterized by leakage of intravascular fluids into the extravascular space. This syndrome is observed in patients who demonstrate a state of generalized leaky capillaries following shock syndromes, low-flow states, ischemia-reperfusion injuries, toxemias, medications, or poisoning. It can lead to generalized edema and multiple organ failure.


Clostridium colitis

An acute inflammatory disorder of the colon secondary to infection with any species of the bacterial genus Clostridium. Symptoms include acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and myalgia.


galactolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.


congenital arteriovenous fistula

An abnormal, epithelial-lined connection between an artery and vein that is present at the time of birth.


lung growth

The increase in size or mass of a lung. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.


negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.


cellular response to pheromone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.


maintenance of unfolded protein involved in ERAD pathway

Maintaining an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein in an unfolded, soluble state that contributes to its degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Maintaining ER-resident proteins in an unfolded yet soluble state condition after their retro-translocation favors their turnover by the cytosolic proteasome.


complement component C3a binding

Binding to a C3a product of the complement cascade.


regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.


acetylcholine binding

Binding to acetylcholine, an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline that functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit binding

Binding to a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The regulatory subunit associates with the catalytic subunit to regulate both its activity and subcellular location.


streptobacillary rat-bite fever

Streptobacillary rat-bite fever (RBF) is a systemic zoonosis caused by the aerobic gram-negative bacterium Streptobacillus moniliformis and is transmitted to humans through the bites and scratches of infected rats.


pleural disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pleura. Representative examples include pleural infection, pleural mesothelioma, and pleural solitary fibrous tumor.


positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.


regulation of muscle filament sliding speed

Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding.


lateral sprouting involved in lung morphogenesis

The process in which a branch forms along the side of the lung epithelial tube.


exogenous lipid antigen binding

Binding to an exogenous lipid antigen (examples include microbial lipids and glycolipids).


regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.


negative regulation of DNA catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.


positive regulation of protein localization to synapse

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse.


response to interleukin-13

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.


chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

The process in which chromatin is anchored to the nuclear envelope.


DNA integration

The process in which a DNA segment is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome.


microprocessor complex

A protein complex that binds to heme and to pri-miRNAs, and is required for the formation of a pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA), the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. The complex is composed of the double-stranded-RNA-specific RNase Drosha (also called RNASEN) and the RNA-binding protein DGCR8 (heme-free or heme-bound forms). Within the complex, DGCR8 function as a molecular anchor necessary for the recognition of pri-miRNA at dsRNA-ssRNA junction and directs RNASEN/Drosha to cleave the 3' and 5' strands of a stem-loop to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs.


hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding

Binding to an hepatocyte growth factor receptor.


positive regulation of heart induction by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that positively regulates heart induction. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart induction is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


histone H3T6 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 6) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 6) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 6 of histone H3.


ATP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in the host organism by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell

Any process where the infecting virus increases the levels of viral proteins in a cell.


The appearance of vascular endothelial growth factor production due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


lysophosphatidic acid binding

Binding to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a phospholipid derivative that acts as a potent mitogen due to its activation of high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors.


threonine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication

The process that mediates interactions between an atrial cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the atrial cardiomyocyte communicating with an AV node cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


negative regulation of hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.


glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol.


positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.


negative regulation of action potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


Vulvar abscess

A circumscribed area of pus or necrotic debris in the vulvar region.


intracranial embolism

Blocking of a blood vessel in the skull by an embolus which can be a blood clot (thrombus) or other undissolved material in the blood stream. Most emboli are of cardiac origin and are associated with heart diseases. Other non-cardiac sources of emboli are usually associated with vascular diseases.


neurofibroma

An intraneural or extraneural neoplasm arising from nerve tissues and neural sheaths. It is composed of perineurial-like fibroblasts and Schwann cells. It usually presents as a localized cutaneous lesion and less often as a circumscribed peripheral nerve mass. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 present with multiple masses. Neurofibromas which arise from major nerves and plexiform neurofibromas are precursor lesions to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.


negative regulation of dopamine secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


mitochondrial crista

Any of the inward folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their number, extent, and shape differ in mitochondria from different tissues and organisms. They appear to be devices for increasing the surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the enzymes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are found. Their shape can vary with the respiratory state of the mitochondria.


modulation of apoptotic process in another organism

A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in a second organism.


femoral nerve

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The femoral nerve, the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves. It descends through the fibers of the Psoas major, emerging from the muscle at the lower part of its lateral border, and passes down between it and the Iliacus, behind the iliac fascia; it then runs beneath the inguinal ligament, into the thigh, and splits into an anterior and a posterior division. Under the inguinal ligament, it is separated from the femoral artery by a portion of the Psoas major. [WP,unvetted].


metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the metanephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.


positive regulation of fat cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.


ATF1-ATF4 transcription factor complex

Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF1 and ATF4 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') of the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter. Involved in the ER stress response pathway.


protein O-linked glycosylation via serine

The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine.


neural crest formation

The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.


transketolase or transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an aldehyde or ketonic group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


Granulocytosis

An increased count of granulocytes in the peripheral blood circulation.


ITP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ITP, inosine triphosphate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.


growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


blood vessel endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a blood vessel endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a blood vessel endothelial cell.


Caustic injury

Tissue corrosion or chemical burn.


arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an arylamine = CoA + an N-acetylarylamine.


regulation of the force of heart contraction by cardiac conduction

A cardiac conduction process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.


axonal spine

A spine that originates from the axon, usually from the initial segment.


plasma membrane to endosome transport

Transport of a vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-alpha-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O .


thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thyroid hormones from one side of a membrane to the other. Thyroid hormone are any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


Tactile hallucination

The false perception of tactile sensory input that creates a hallucinatory sensation of physical contact with an imaginary object.


Cephaloridine

A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.


detection of carbohydrate stimulus

The series of events in which a carbohydrate stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


arthritis, sacroiliac

Inflammation of the sacroiliac joint, generally accompanied by lower back pain.


positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate + NAD+ = (5Z,13E)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate + NADH + H+.


asymmetric Golgi ribbon formation

The asymmetric formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae that contributes to the establishment of epithelial cell polarity.


fructose catabolic process to hydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that results in the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


Hemodynamic instability

A state of hypoperfusion that does not support normal organ perfusion or function. It can include periods of reduced, unstable, or abnormal blood pressure with near syncope, or episodes of syncope.


nuclear estrogen receptor activity

Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function.


maintenance of protein location in extracellular region

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within the extracellular region and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


regulation of T cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


regulation of thymocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


cervical lymphadenitis

Inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes.


prenylcysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


Hemobilia

Bleeding into the biliary tree.


negative regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the dorsal/ventral pattern of the neural tube.


positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell activation.


morphogen activity

Acts as a trigger for a pattern specification process when present at a specific concentration within a gradient.


insecticide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione + H2O = glutathione + a 2-hydroxy carboxylate.


Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia

Episodes of ventricular tachycardia that have a sudden onset and ending.


asymmetric stem cell division

Division of a stem cell during which it retains its identity and buds off a daughter cell with a new identity.


transcription corepressor binding

Binding to a transcription corepressor, a protein involved in negative regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that negatively regulate transcription. Transcription corepressors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressing transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


colorectal cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon or rectum. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.


endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment

A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.


VCP-NSFL1C complex

A protein complex between the ATPase VCP (p97) and its cofactor p47 (NSFL1C). In human, the protein complex consists of one homotrimer of NSFL1C/p47 per homohexamer of VCP/p97.


(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (-)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O.


Low Blood Oxygen Saturation

A low level of the degree to which oxygen is bound to hemoglobin given as a percentage calculated by dividing the maximum oxygen capacity into the actual oxygen content and multiplying by 100. Oxygen saturation usually is measured using pulse oximetry.


dihydrofolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.


positive regulation of transferrin receptor binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.


signal recognition particle binding

Binding to a signal recognition particle.


uridine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + uridine = ADP + UMP.


diacylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


GDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + H2O = GMP + phosphate.


negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx.


protein linear polyubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is added to a protein.


negative regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


response to prolactin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus. The anterior pituitary hormone prolactin has a number of roles including being essential for lactation.


ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cerebrospinal fluid leak

Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through a hole through the skull bone most commonly draining from the nose (CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHEA) or the ear (CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA).


retrograde transport, plasma membrane to Golgi

The directed movement of substances from the plasma membrane back to the trans-Golgi network, mediated by vesicles.


negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.


negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


Abnormality of the mouth

An abnormality of the mouth.


corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor activity

Combining with the corticotrophin-releasing factor family of ligands, including the urocortins, to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of anion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


base-excision repair, AP site formation

The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired.


regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.


[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-N-sulfoglucosamine.


induction by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Atypical pneumonia

Historical term that references a form of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, or Legionella species.


acetyl-CoA transport

The directed movement of acetyl-CoA into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


Papulopustular Rash

Skin eruption consisting of papules and pustules, most often appearing in the face, scalp, and upper trunk.  It is usually caused by corticosteroids or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors.


chondrocalcinosis

An acute episode of pain, swelling, and redness, sometimes associated with fever. It is caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the joints.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a galactosylceramide = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a galactosylceramidesulfate.


positive regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


ear malformation

An abnormality of the ear.


RNA polymerase III transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region that controls the transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase III. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


secretory granule localization

Any process in which a secretory granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


Fanconi-like syndrome

A syndrome characterized by pancytopenia, immune deficiency and cutaneous malignancies.


protein localization to cell cortex

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex.


Cerebral atrophy

Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.


Cutis anserina

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


ventral trunk neural crest cell migration

The movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube, travelling ventrally through the anterior half of each sclerotome. Trunk neural crest cells that remain in the sclerotome form the dorsal root ganglia containing the sensory neurons. Trunk neural crest cells that continue more ventrally form the sympathetic ganglia, the adrenal medulla, and the nerve clusters surrounding the aorta.


establishment of neuroblast polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.


unmethylated CpG binding

Binding to uan nmethylated CpG motif. Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are often associated with gene promoters.


cell communication by chemical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + a 3-oxo acid = succinate + a 3-oxo-acyl-CoA.


regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.


pituitary gland infarction

Ischemic necrosis of the pituitary gland.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in renal system development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the renal system as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in adults characterized by a median age of presentation in the sixth decade of life (but also rarely occurring in adolescents and children) with the initial presentation being single or multiple rapidly growing masses (that may or may not be painful) in nodal or extranodal sites (such as thyroid, skin, breast, gastrointestinal tract, testes, bone, or brain) and that can be accompanied by symptoms of fever, night sweats and weight loss. DLBCL has an aggressive disease course, with the elderly having a poorer prognosis than younger patients, and with relapses being common.


phosphorylase kinase regulator activity

Modulation of the activity of the enzyme phosphorylase kinase.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting aldoses and ketoses

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is an aldose or a ketose, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.


autosome

Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.


regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.


neurotrophin p75 receptor binding

Binding to a neurotrophin p75 receptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + protein tyrosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + protein tyrosine-O-sulfate.


brain segmentation

Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.


Iron deficiency

Subnormal concentrations of iron resulting from low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or increased iron loss.


vitamin D binding

Binding to vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


thyroid hormone transport

The directed movement of thyroid hormone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


intestinal epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of an intestinal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


regulation of sarcomere organization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.


regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


negative regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


corticosteroid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by corticosteroid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore

A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis.


inflammatory response to wounding

The immediate defensive reaction by vertebrate tissue to injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


Preexisting Condition

A health condition or medical problem that was diagnosed or treated before a specific date.


negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


RIG-I signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding ssRNA or dsRNA from another organism to the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58). RIG-I detects RNA synthesized during viral replication or shed by non-viral pathogens, and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against infection, for example by inducing the expression of cytokines.


schizophreniform disorder

A disorder that differs from schizophrenia specifically in total duration (schizophreniform disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months whereas schizophrenia lasts at least 6 months); schizophreniform disorder also typically causes less impairment in the individual's social and occupational functioning.


detection of endogenous stimulus

The series of events in which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


intestine smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine.


positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


nose morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


aortic valve insufficiency

Dysfunction of the aortic valve characterized by incomplete valve closure.


secretion by lung epithelial cell involved in lung growth

The controlled release of liquid by a lung epithelial cell that contributes to an increase in size of the lung as part of its development.


calcitonin receptor binding

Binding to a calcitonin receptor.


regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


photoreceptor cell morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


lipopolysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


tympanitis

An inflammatory disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the tympanic membrane.


regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.


Simple renal cyst

An isolated cyst of the kidney.


axon target recognition

The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections.


tricuspid valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized.


negative regulation of cholesterol metabolic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


granuloma annulare

Granuloma annulare is a long-term (chronic) skin disease consisting of a rash with reddish bumps arranged in a circle or ring. The most commonly affected areas are the forearms, hands and feet. The lesions associated with granuloma annulare usually resolve without treatment. Strong steroids (applied as a cream or injection) are sometimes used to clear the rash more quickly. Most symptoms will disappear within 2 years (even without treatment), but recurrence is common. The underlying cause of granuloma annulare is unknown.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


carbohydrate mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of carbohydrate.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gs to initiate a change in cell activity.


double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


popliteal vein

The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted].


synaptic vesicle clustering

The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles in presynaptic structures.


autonomic ganglion

Ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion.


antimicrobial peptide production

The synthesis or release of an antimicrobial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


positive regulation of sensory perception of pain

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.


response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine stimulus.


regulation of neutrophil activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation.


positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


terminal web assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a terminal web.


histone H3T11 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 11) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 11) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 11 of histone H3.


digestive system neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the digestive system.


purine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


negative regulation of rDNA heterochromatin formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin formation.


isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + ATP + tRNA(Ile) = L-isoleucyl-tRNA(Ile) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


negative regulation of intestinal phytosterol absorption

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of phytosterols into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.


Facial Injuries

Trauma to the face.


acute respiratory failure

Life-threatening respiratory failure that develops rapidly. Causes include injury, sepsis, drug overdose, and pancreatitis. It manifests with dyspnea and cyanosis and may lead to cardiovascular shock.


prenylcysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.


mesendoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues.


miRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization

An RNA interference pathway in which microRNAs (miRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA base pairing with near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA will typically direct targeted endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA. Many plant miRNAs downregulate gene expression through this mechanism.


positive regulation of mesoderm development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


germinal center formation

The process in which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.


bacterial pneumonia

Acute infection of the lung parenchyma caused by bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila). Signs and symptoms include productive cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, and chest pain.


peptidyl-glycine modification

The modification of peptidyl-glycine.


asparaginase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + H2O = L-aspartate + NH3.


L-serine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-serine is the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


dense core granule maturation

Steps required to transform a dense core granule generated at the trans-Golgi network into a fully formed and transmissible dense core granule. Dense core granule maturation proceeds through clathrin-mediated membrane remodeling events and is essential for efficient processing of cargo within dense core granules as well as for removing factors that might otherwise interfere with dense core granule trafficking and exocytosis.


histone H3K9 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.


medial motor column neuron differentiation

The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


renal system vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the renal system vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


Acetyl-L-carnitine

An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.


T cell receptor binding

Binding to a T cell receptor, the antigen-recognizing receptor on the surface of T cells.


regulation of single strand break repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair.


post-transcriptional tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery

The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery even after transcription has been repressed.


P-type divalent copper transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out).


positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell.


phosphorylase kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ATP + 2 phosphorylase b = 4 ADP + phosphorylase a.


laminin-3 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


Serum Total Iron-Binding Capacity result


Accelerated Growth

A finding indicating a faster than normal rate of development.


severe cutaneous adverse reaction

A permanent mark left on the skin in the process of wound healing.


positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.


diaphysis

Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between the two epiphyses, excluding the metaphyses[FMA,modified].


regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.


Abnormality of eye movement

An abnormality in voluntary or involuntary eye movements or their control.


positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.


regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.


negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Red man syndrome

An abrupt onset drug reaction characterized by a red rash that involves the face, neck, and upper torso.


heme A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme A, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.


tachykinin receptor activity

Combining with a tachykinin neuropeptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


regulation of macrophage chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.


female breast carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the breast in females. It is the most common malignant tumor that affects females.


interleukin-18 production

The appearance of interleukin-18 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


D-amino acid transport

The directed movement of the D-enantiomer of an amino acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


carnosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).


cerebellum vasculature development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.


negative regulation of germinal center formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


negative regulation of interleukin-4 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.


presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component

A specialized region below the presynaptic membrane, characterized by electron-dense material, a specialized cytoskeletal matrix and accumulated (associated) synaptic vesicles.


ribonuclease H2 complex

A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


intrahepatic bile duct development

The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver).


spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


AIDS dementia complex

A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)


pyrimidine ribonucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to ribose.


specification of loop of Henle identity

The process in which the loop of Henle of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


amygdala development

The progression of the amygdala over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The amygdala is an almond-shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that play a key role in processing emotions such as fear and pleasure.


uniplex complex

A calcium channel complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane capable of highly-selective calcium channel activity. Its components include the EF-hand-containing proteins mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) and MICU2, the pore-forming subunit mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its paralog MCUb, and the MCU regulator EMRE.


sphingomyelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.


regulation of metanephros size

Any process that modulates the size of a metanephric kidney.


protein tyrosine phosphatase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a phosphotyrosine phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a tyrosyl phenolic group of a protein.


valine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


histone H3-R2 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of the histone.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal

Any process which increases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


cerebellar Purkinje cell layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer to attain its fully functional state. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.


aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding

Binding to an aryl hydrocarbon receptor.


norepinephrine binding

Binding to norepinephrine, (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol), a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


aspartate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


left lung development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a left lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the left lung and ends with the mature structure. The left lung is the lung which is on the left side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.


L-threonine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH3.


common bile duct

The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.


L-arginine transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane.


bile acid signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by bile acid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


proximal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule.


gas gangrene

A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus clostridium. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.


negative regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


positive regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.


DSIF complex

A heterodimeric protein complex formed of Spt4 and Spt5 proteins which is expressed in eukaryotes from yeast to man. DSIF is an inhibitory elongation factor that promotes RNA polymerase II transcriptional pausing, but can also stimulate transcriptional elongation under certain conditions, and may play a role in RNA processing via its physical association with mRNA capping enzymes.


response to triglyceride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation

Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


menstrual cycle phase

The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The menstrual cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.


sensory perception of touch

The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).


hepatoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hepatoblast. A hepatoblast is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.


syncytiotrophoblast cell differentiation involved in labyrinthine layer development

The process in which a chorionic trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of a syncytiotrophoblast of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.


regulation of anterior head development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis

The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine + H2O = sn-glycerol-phosphoserine + a carboxylate.


extracellular matrix protein binding

Binding to a protein that is part of an extracellular matrix.


cellular response to corticosterone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.


positive regulation of extracellular exosome assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly.


congenital mitral valve insufficiency

Dysfunction of the mitral valve characterized by incomplete valve closure.


prostatic adenoma

Focal benign glandular hyperplasia in the prostate gland.


synaptonemal complex disassembly

The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex.


response to sucrose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.


termination of mitochondrial transcription

A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary mitochondrial transcript.


regulation of timing of catagen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.


positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.


coreceptor activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

Any coreceptor activity that is involved in Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.


positive regulation of translation in response to stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


peptide-O-fucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-L-fucosyl residue from GDP- beta-L-fucose to the serine hydroxy group of a protein acceptor.


positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


GATOR1 complex

A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In human, the GATOR1 complex consists of DEPDC5, NPRL2, and NPRL3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is referred to as SEACIT and contains the Iml1p, Npr2p, and Npr3p proteins.


sensory perception of sweet taste

The series of events required to receive a sweet taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


skeletal muscle fiber adaptation

Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


apoptotic process involved in luteolysis

The apoptotic process that contributes to luteolysis.


Schwann cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


protein delipidation

The breakage of covalent bonds to detach lipid groups from a protein.


tongue cancer

A malignant neoplasm affecting the tongue. The vast majority of cases are carcinomas.


Pseudoporphyria

A drug-induced photodermatosis characterized by skin fragility, erythema, and the appearance of tense bullae, erosions and scarring in the absence of abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding

Binding to a metabotropic serotonin receptor.


response to pyrethroid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrethroid stimulus. Pyrethroids are a group of growth regulators, analogous to insect juvenile hormones, that interfere with the development of insect larvae and are used in the control of insects that are harmful in the adult stage.


Action tremor

A tremor present when the limbs are active, either when outstretched in a certain position or throughout a voluntary movement.


IgE receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


transcription initiation at mitochondrial promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a promoter on the mitochondrial chromosome.


positive regulation of neuromuscular junction development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development.


presynaptic active zone assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic active zone. The presynaptic active zone is a specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.


thyroid gland papillary carcinoma

A differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Radiation exposure is a risk factor and it is the most common malignant thyroid lesion, comprising 75% to 80% of all thyroid cancers in iodine sufficient countries. Diagnostic procedures include thyroid ultrasound and fine needle biopsy. Microscopically, the diagnosis is based on the distinct characteristics of the malignant cells, which include enlargement, oval shape, elongation, and overlapping of the nuclei. The nuclei also display clearing or have a ground glass appearance.


androgen binding

Binding to an androgen, a male sex hormone.


oligopeptide transport

The directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


nuclear membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane.


spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve

Nucleus extending from the upper spinal cord through the pontine tegmentum that receives sensory inputs from the trigeminal nerve. It is continuous caudally with the dorsal gray matter of the spinal cord.


positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition

A cell cycle process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.


acetylcholinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate.


female meiosis II

The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline.


epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted.


regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.


nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry

The series of molecular signals initiated by a nodal protein binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the establishment of lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + a fatty acid.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in).