specification of petal identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


DOPA dioxygenase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the 4,5-ring opening reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + O2 = 4,5-seco-DOPA. 4,5-seco-DOPA spontaneously recyclizes to form betalamic acid.


alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-D-glucose + protein = alpha-D-glucosyl-protein + ADP.


initiation of neural tube closure

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which closure points are established at multiple points and along the neural rostrocaudal axis.


viral exocytosis

The exit of a fully formed virion particles from the host cell by exocytosis via a host vesicle.


1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene monooxygenase (quinone-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol + O2 <=> flaviolin-2-olate + H2O + H+.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


epidermal cell division

Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells.


peptidyl-sarcosine incorporation

The incorporation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) into non-coded peptides.


formylmethionine deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine + formate.


mannosylglycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a mannosylglycerate from one side of a membrane to the other.


histamine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + histamine = N(tau)-methylhistamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


D-galactonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


prunasin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-prunasin + H2O = D-glucose + mandelonitrile.


D-xylose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


GUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUA codon.


endosulfan sulfate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan sulfate + H2O = endosulfan diol + sulfite.


envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.


petal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the petal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception

The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears.


alkene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-epoxypropane + NAD+ + H2O.


L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + H2O = ammonia + pyruvate + hydrogen sulfide + H+.


positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


kinetochore disassembly

The disaggregation of a kinetochore into its constituent components.


protein denaturation

Structural change in proteins which destroys the native, active configuration without rupture of peptide bonds.


heme B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


adhesion receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface that does not mediate or trigger entry into the host cell. This binding is typically reversible and enhances significantly infectivity by concentrating the virus in the vicinity of its entry receptors, or bringing it to an organ in which its target cells are located.


but-1-en-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: buten-2-one + NADPH + H+ <=> butan-2-one + NADP.


U6 2'-O-snRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an U6 snRNA molecule.


olefinic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + homoeriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pronephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a pronephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the pronephros.


clypeo-labral disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus.


cell-cell self recognition

A cell-cell recognition process by which a cell distinguishes between self and non self during cooperative behavior, such as early development.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + oxaloacetate = prephenate + L-aspartate.


immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

The process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


chemoattraction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons toward the signal, where this process is involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


medulla oblongata structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


galactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.


negative regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


adamantanone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.


maltoheptaose binding

Binding to maltoheptaose.


cellular response to palmitoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.


mature B cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).


positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by biomineralization

The process of hardening a chitin-based cuticle by mineral incorporation. For example, the cuticle of crustaceans is hardened by the incorporation of calcium carbonate.


guanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.


mycotoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydromethanopterin + L-serine = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + glycine + H2O.


guard cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.


cell differentiation involved in mesonephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


lactoperoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a phenolic donor + H2O2 = 2 a phenolic radical donor + 2 H2O.


6C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.


initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth

Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).


guaiacyl lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guaiacyl lignin.


phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.


sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio

The developmental process in which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement.


envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity involved in regulation of action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching, and contributing to the regulation of action potential.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


negative regulation of penile erection

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferricytochrome C-553 + formate = ferrocytochrome C-553 + CO2.


metanephric late distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


protein-ribulosamine 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-ribulosyl-L-lysine <=> ADP + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-ribulosyl)-L-lysine.


protein formylation

The addition of a formyl group to a protein amino acid.


regulation of synaptic activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects.


interleukin-19 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-19 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


regulation of signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.


lumen formation, open tracheal system

Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow.


tRNA (cytidine 32-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine32 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylcytidine32 in tRNA.


acylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acylglycerol = ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


ABC-type maltose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + maltose(out) = ADP + phosphate + maltose(in).


kolavenyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-kolavenyl diphosphate.


cycloheximide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cycloheximide from one side of a membrane to the other. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.


guanidinoacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanidinoacetate + H2O = glycine + urea.


blood vessel diameter maintenance

Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels.


medial ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of medial ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


cerebral blood circulation

The flow of blood through the network of arteries and veins supplying the cerebrum, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.


eosinophil fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an eosinophil cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->6) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.


envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network membrane.


enterobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


response to iron ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of iron ion.


formate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of formate from one side of a membrane to the other. Formate is also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


striated muscle paramyosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the paramyosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


norsolorinic acid ketoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + NADP+ <=> norsolorinic acid + NADPH.


protein localization to pericentriolar material

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a pericentriolar material.


formate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of formate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


female germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-aspartate.


nylon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.


isoleucine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ <=> (E)-2-methylbutanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.


structural constituent of cell wall

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall.


determination of imaginal disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the imaginal disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of an imaginal disc compartment.


anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(14,15-epoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


gravitropism

The orientation of plant parts under the stimulation of gravity.


early viral transcription

The first phase of viral transcription that occurs after entry of the virus into the host cell, but prior to viral genome replication. It involves the transcription of genes for non-structural proteins, and for lytic viruses, the early gene products are involved in establishing control over the host cell.


response to lipoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.


aurone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aurones, a series of yellow plant pigments.


mitochondrial mRNA polyadenylation

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-60 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mitochondrial mRNA primary transcript. Mitochondria contain both stabilizing and destabilizing poly(A) tails.


nucleus disassembly

The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components.


spermathecum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk.


Schwann cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a Schwann cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


response to butyrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butyrate stimulus.


histone H2AX kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone variant H2AX.


Catalysis of the reaction: sinapoyl aldehyde + NADP + H2O <=> 2 H+ + trans-sinapate + NADPH.


erythronolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6 malonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA = 7 CoA + 6-deoxyerythronolide B.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ribitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. Ribitol is initially converted to D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to form ribulose 5-phosphate, which is then converted into xylulose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 3-methylsalicylaldehyde.


modulation of biological quality in another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality in another organism. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.


CAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAU codon.


positive regulation of sulfur utilization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.


regulation of viral translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone + CO2.


ascorbate glutathione cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving L-ascorbate and glutathione that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and reduces it to water, with concomitant oxidation of NADPH.


rhabdomere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a rhabdomere are generated and organized. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.


histone H4 kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H4.


isobutylamine N-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isobutylamine + NADPH + O2 = isobutylhydroxylamine + NADP+ + H2O.


adhesion to host cell via type IV pili

Attachment of bacterial clusters to the surface of the host in a type IV pili dependent manner. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


agmatinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + H2O = putrescine + urea.


amitosis

Nuclear division that occurs by simple constriction of the nucleus without chromosome condensation or spindle formation.


oviduct epithelium development

The progression of the oviduct epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. The oviduct epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the oviduct.


benzaldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = benzoate + NAD(P)H + H+.


negative regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


transmembrane monodehydroascorbate reductase activity

Oxidation of monodehydroascorbate outside of a membrane coupled to the reduction of L-ascorbate to monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical on the inner side of a membrane. Electrons get transferred across the membrane during the reaction.


regulation of floral meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem.


ortho-trichlorophenol reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trichlorophenol + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2,4-dichlorophenol + HCl.


UDP-glucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming two zygotes

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming two zygotes.


type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by type III interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


conversion of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA to cysteinyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of O-phosphoserine charged on a tRNA(Cys) to cysteinyl-tRNA.


methylaspartate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: threo-3-methyl-L-aspartate = mesaconate + NH4.


perithecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a perithecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Peritheicum is a flask-shaped fruiting body of certain molds and ascomycetous fungi having a pore for the escape of spores. In the ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora, these perithecia are formed in the sexual phase and they discharge ascospores through the ostiolum at the tip of the perithecial neck.


vernalization response

The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.


Catalysis of the reaction: a (3E,5Z)-dienoyl-CoA = a (2E,4E)-(5,6-saturated)-dienoyl-CoA.


peptidoglycan asparagine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(beta-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ammonium + ATP = H+ + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(beta-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


pristanate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pristanate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + pristanoyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + OH- = 2,4-dihydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + Cl-.


positive regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


benzylpenicillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzylpenicillin.


erythrulose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threitol + NADP+ = D-erythrulose + H+ + NADPH.


malate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + a quinol.


S-methylmethionine cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-methyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, L-homocysteine, and L-methionine. Converts the methionine group of adenosylmethionine back to free methionine, and may serve regulate the cellular adenosylmethionine level.


sepal vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the sepal of vascular plants.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = phosphomannan(n+1) + GMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + a homogalacturonan <=> UDP + 4 H+ + a xylogalacturonan.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4,6-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


uronate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galacturonate + H2O + NAD+ = galactarate + 2 H+ + NADH.


protein localization to medial cortical node

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a medial cortical node.


nurse cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.


anther wall tapetum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther wall tapetum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in keratan sulfate.


heart valve cell differentiation

The process in which an endocardial cushion cell give rise to a cell that is part of a heart valve.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


D-serine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-serine = pyruvate + NH3.


stomach smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs throughout the length of the stomach.


L-pipecolate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolate + acceptor = delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + reduced acceptor. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.


cellular response to astaxanthin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.


positive regulation of CD40 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.


acinar cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of acinar cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. An acinar cell is a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus).


collectin receptor activity

Combining with a collectin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


beta,beta digalactosyldiacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + a beta,beta digalactosyldiacylglycerol <=> a trigalactosyldiacylglycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.


homogalacturonan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of (1->4)-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


pore formation by virus in membrane of host cell

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by a virus to form a pore complex in a membrane of a host organism.


sinus venosus morphogenesis

The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


HLA-A specific activating MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.


suppression by virus of host cell cycle arrest

Viral interference in host cell processes that lead cell cycle arrest, allowing cell division to occur.


pyruvate, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + pyruvate = AMP + 3 H+ + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.


fructuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NAD+ = D-fructuronate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


soyasapogenol B glucuronide galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + soyasapogenol B 3-O-beta-glucuronate <=> H+ + UDP + soyasaponin III.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-sesaminol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


5-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 5-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


negative regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.


lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule

The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.


rRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


telomere formation via telomerase

A cellular process that results in the formation of a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end that involves the activity of a telomerase enzyme.


bacteriocin immunity

A process that mediates resistance to a bacteriocin: any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


6-deoxotyphasterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-deoxotyphasterol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 6-deoxocastasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylthioacetohydroximate + UDP-D-glucose = desulfoglucotropeolin + UDP.


positive regulation of cell budding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.


cell migration in diencephalon

The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the diencephalon.


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled

An RNA polymerase II transcription termination process in which cleavage and polyadenylylation of the mRNA 3' end are coupled to transcription termination.


1,1-dichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chloroethane + HCl.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H+.


1-18:1-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol trans-3 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:1-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


pollen sperm cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte.


2-oxobutyrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + L-tyrosine methyl ester = L-tyrosine methyl ester 4-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


chimeric non-reproductive fruiting body development

Development of a non-reproductive fruiting body formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.


N-4 methylation of cytosine

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.


negative regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


response to cordycepin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.


metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.


gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes

The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion.


maintenance of synapse structure

A process that preserves the structural organistation and orientation of a synaptic cellular component such as the synaptic cytoskeleton and molecular scaffolds.


negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway.


response to mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


negative regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an auditory hair cell.


histone H2AXS139 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-serine (position 139) + ATP = histone H2AX-phosphoserine (position 139) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 139 of histone variant H2AX.


plasminogen activation in another organism

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the processing of inactive plasminogen to active plasmin in another organism.


trehalose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of trehalose from one side of a membrane to the other. Trehalose is the disaccharide alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside that acts of a reserve carbohydrate in certain fungi, algae and lichens.


arachidonic acid 5,6-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + H2O = 2-oxobutanate + NH4.


peripheral B cell positive selection

Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the periphery. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear.


granaticin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving granaticin.


protein S-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a sulfur atom of a peptidyl-amino-acid such as cysteine or methionine.


gibberellin A12,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity (gibberellin A110-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A110 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


guanosine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + phosphate = guanine + D-ribose 1-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,2'-diol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> biphenyl-2,2',3-triol + H2O + NAD.


3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxosteroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D1-steroid + reduced acceptor.


germacrene-D synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-germacrene D + diphosphate.


ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide encoded by an aberrant message and associated with a stalled ribosome. Degradation is initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the ribosome-associated protein.


specification of metanephric nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the metanephric nephron acquire their identity.


chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + 2 H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O.


mitotic telomere clustering and tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which the telomeres are gathered together to a small number of foci per chromosome (usually one per chromosome or fewer), and moved to and tethered at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.


positive regulation of autophagosome size

Any process that increases autophagosome size.


GTPase motor activity

A motor activity driven by GTP hydrolysis.


cuticle chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.


modulation of potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a potassium channel in another organism.


cardiac muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.


induction by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis.


beta-apiosyl-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]isoflavonoid + H2O = a 7-hydroxyisoflavonoid + beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose.


detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


alpha-pinene-oxide decyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene oxide = (Z)-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal.


detection of abscisic acid stimulus

The series of events in which an abscisic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,6-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,5-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


XMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,2',3-triol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydroxybiphenyl + NAD + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + L-glutamine = gamma-L-glutamyl-D-alanine + NH4.


positive regulation by host of symbiont type IV pilus-dependent motility

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the type IV pilus-dependent motility of a symbiont organism (i.e. the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili, and which includes social gliding motility and twitching motility). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


FR-33289 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FR-900098 + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) + O2 <=> FR-33289 + succinate(2-) + carbon dioxide.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-maltose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + maltose(out) = protein histidine + maltose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


ISG15 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ISG15 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ISG15 + S = X + S-ISG15, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ISG15 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ISG15 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


head kidney maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the head kidney to attain its fully functional state. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + H+(out) = acetate(in) + H+(in).


S-methylmethionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of S-methylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other.


bacterial nucleoid packaging

A process in which chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly bacterial nucleoid. Often resulting in DNA supercoiling.


endosulfan hydroxyether dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hydroxyether = endosulfan lactone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure

A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.


trans-synaptic signaling, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


cytosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cytosine + H2O = uracil + NH3.


hydroxypyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate + H+ = CO2 + glycolaldehyde.


L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NAD(P)+ = 5-dehydrogluconate + NAD(P)H + H+.


glycolytic fermentation

Fermentation that includes the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.


border follicle cell delamination

The delamination process that results in the splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine <=> cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate + H2O = benzoate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


positive regulation of transdifferentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.


lipid-A-disaccharide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


regulation of cellular localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.


taxadiene 5-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + taxa-4,11-diene = A + H2O + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.


histone peptidyl-prolyl isomerization

The modification of a histone by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.


folic acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: folic acid(out) + H+(out) = folic acid(in) + H+(in). The main folic acid symporter is the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter (PCFT/SLC46A1), which has similar affinity for transport of reduced folates (5-methyl THF, 5-formyl THF) and folic acid.


oncostatin M production

The appearance of oncostatin M due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching.


positive regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.


lateral mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


synapse assembly involved in innervation

The assembly of a synapse within a target tissue in which a nerve is invading.


iron chelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an iron chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. An iron chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD + = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+.


peripheral B cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in peripheral B cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropenylpimelyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxyhexanoate + NAD+ = 6-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADH.


ferrichrome metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


cellular response to tacrolimus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus (FK506) stimulus.


interleukin-24 production

The appearance of interleukin-24 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of laminaritriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.


mesonephric glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate mesonephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->2)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.


regulation of aecium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.


2-oxoglutarate carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + ATP + bicarbonate = ADP + 2 H+ + oxalosuccinate + phosphate.


inositol phosphorylceramide mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1D-myo-inositol-1-phospho-N-[(R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acyl]-(R)-4-hydroxysphingoid base + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1,6)-1D-myo-inositol-1-phospho-N-[(R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acyl]-(R)-4-hydroxysphingoid base + GDP + H+.


regulation of vasoconstriction by norepinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


histone decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[histone].


forebrain induction by the anterior neural ridge

The close range interaction of the anterior neural ridge to the caudal region of the neural plate that specifies the forebrain fate.


phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate.


central B cell negative selection

Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the bone marrow.


aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = an acid + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 6-hydroxyflavone <=> 6-O-beta-D-glucosyl-6-hydroxyflavone + UDP + H+.


24-methyldesmosterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 24-methyldesmosterol + NADPH = campesterol + NADP.


negative regulation of chloride transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport.


envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.


sorbose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


acetylene hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde = acetylene + H2O.


N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N-(3-acetamidopropyl)-4-aminobutanal + propane-1,3-diamine + hydrogen peroxide.


radial glia guided migration of cerebellar granule cell

The inward migration of postmitotic granule cells along a radial glial cell from the external granule layer to the internal granule cell layer.


chloroplast localization

Any process in which a chloroplast is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. A chloroplast is a chlorophyll-containing plastid found in cells of algae and higher plants.


response to ximelagatran

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ximelagatran stimulus.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


bronchus cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the bronchus cartilage is generated and organized. The bronchus cartilage is the connective tissue of the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADPH + ATP.


Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) + [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](m) = [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](n+1) + [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](m-1).


cell growth mode switching, budding to filamentous

The process in which a cell switches from growing as a round budding cell to growing as a filament (elongated cells attached end-to-end). An example of this is the yeast-hyphal transition of Candida albicans.


nucleic acid metabolic process

Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids.


lipid transfer activity

Removes a lipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. This results in intermembrane transfer of lipids.


ethanolamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ethanolamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine.


fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.


o-xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


N-terminal protein amino acid carbamoylation

The carbamoylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-coumarate + H2O + NADP+.


ribosome hibernation

A cellular process that results in the silencing of ribosomes in quiescent cells. Quiescence takes place when cells encounter unfavorable conditions and cease to grow in bacteria and yeast. It also takes place in some specialized cells in higher eukaryotes, such as eggs. Ribosomes in a hibernation state are kept silent via association with proteins with inhibitory and protective functions.


modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an ion channel in another organism.


monocyte proliferation

The expansion of a monocyte population by cell division.


meiotic G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


cobalamin 5'-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide-GDP + alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate = adenosylcobalamin-5'-phosphate + GMP.


anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin-3,5-diglucoside + hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA = anthocyanidin 3-glucoside-5-hydroxycinnamoylglucoside + CoA.


negative regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.


cellular response to iron ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions.


regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a compound eye cone cell.


vestibular receptor cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a vestibular receptor cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-decaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.


adhesion of symbiont appressorium to host

The attachment of an appressorium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


vacuole fusion, non-autophagic

The fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.


regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.


modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal, in a different organism.


3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


negative regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


chlorophyllide a metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllide a, a chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain, which is the functional parent of chlorophyll a.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway. This is a mechanism by which the virus evades the host innate immune response.


inferior raphe nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


TRAIL production

The appearance of TRAIL due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


cyclic GMP-AMP binding

Binding to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: methionine + a 2-oxo acid = 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + an amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: [myelin proteolipid] + palmityl-CoA = [myelin proteolipid] O-palmitoylprotein + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H+ + NADPH.


response to curcumin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a curcumin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation involved in nephron morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and contributes to the shaping of a nephron.


ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by ecdysone binding to the ecdysone receptor complex.


AMPA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an AMPA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


maintenance of protein location in plasma membrane

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in the plasma membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


lauroyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a lauroyl (dodecanoyl) group from one compound to another.


cobalt-factor II C20-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III.


plasma lipoprotein particle oxidation

The modification of a lipid or protein within a plasma lipoprotein particle by oxidation of the lipid or one or more amino acids.


long nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla.


maintenance of protein location in vacuole

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a vacuole, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


esculin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in esculin.


cell-cell adhesion involved in establishment of planar polarity

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to the establishment of planar cell polarity.


nicotinamide riboside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide riboside + H2O = nicotinamide + D-ribose.


granzyme B production

The appearance of granzyme B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.


maintenance of left/right asymmetry

The organization process that preserves the asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

Any process that ensures that the R8 cells are selected in a precise progressive pattern so that they are evenly spaced throughout the eye disc.


ARF protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the ARF family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


frontonasal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the frontonasal suture, between frontal and nasal bones, is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + isovaleryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 6-(4-methyl-2-oxopentyl)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrone + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


substrate-dependent cell migration, cell contraction

The translocation of the cell body forward during cell migration, mediated by tractional force on its substrate and tension in the cortical cytoskeleton. Adhesions transmit propulsive forces and serve as traction points over which the cell moves.


negative regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.


saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NAD+ = L-glutamate + allysine + H+ + NADH.


benzoic acid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoic acid + UDP-glucose = benzoic acid glucose ester + UDP.


peptidoglycan muralytic activity

A catalytic activity that contributes to the degradation of peptidoglycan.


protein O-linked glycosylation via tyrosine

The glycosylation of protein via the O4' atom of peptidyl-tyrosine, O4'-glycosyl-L-tyrosine; the carbohydrate is glucose, the origin for glycogen.


histone H4-K12 deacetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone.


regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland bud epithelial cell proliferation that results in the elongation of the bud.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.


complement component iC3b receptor activity

Combining with the iC3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


ergot alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an ergot alkaloid, an indole alkaloid.


trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of carbon monoxide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


emericellamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellamide.


negative regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.


formate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation or increase in the activity of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


ABC-type choline transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of choline across a membrane.


epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis.


xanthophyll binding

Binding to xanthophylls, any of several neutral yellow to orange carotenoid pigments containing oxygen.


lycopene beta cyclase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of beta rings at one or both ends of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form gamma-carotene or the bicyclic beta-carotene (beta, beta-carotene), respectively.


glyoxalase (glycolic acid-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxal + H2O = glycolic acid. Catalysis occurs in the absence of a cofactor.


axial mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an axial mesoderm cell.


low-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


citrullinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + citrulline = NH3 + CO2 + L-ornithine.


removal of nonhomologous ends

The removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.


ethylbenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used as a solvent and as a component of automotive and aviation fuels.


undecaprenyl-phosphate 4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UDP + 4-deoxy-4-formamido-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate.


slime layer polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.


codeine O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: codeine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> morphine + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


structural constituent of postsynaptic specialization

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic specialization.


nickel-tetrapyrrole coenzyme metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an enzyme cofactor consisting of a tetrapyrrole structure containing nickel, such as the F-430 cofactor found in methyl-coenzyme M reductase.


cellular localization

A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane.


protein localization to cleavage furrow

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cleavage furrow.


intramembranous bone morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an intramembranous bone is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinamide = 1-methylnicotinamide + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


guanidinopropionase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-guanidinopropanoate + H2O = beta-alanine + urea.


8-demethylnovobiocate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-amino-4,7-dihydroxycoumarin + 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + 8-desmethylnovobiocic acid(1-) + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


snoRNA release from pre-rRNA

The release of snoRNA from pre-rRNA.


tensidol A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol A.


asparagine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


starch synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = ADP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


thiazole biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


ethylbenzene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethylbenzene + O2 + NADH + H+ = NAD+ + cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydroethylbenzene.


histone H2BS14 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2B-serine (position 14) + ATP = histone H2B-phosphoserine (position 14) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 14 of histone H2B.


snoRNA guided rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of pseudouridylation.


response to bismuth

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of host MDA-5 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1). The cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor MDA-5 detects dsRNA synthesized during active viral replication and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.


beta-L-arabinofuranosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->2)-beta-L-arabinofuranose + H2O = 2 beta-L-arabinofuranose.


purine alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.


regulation of exit from meiosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exit from mitosis.


neuronal-glial interaction involved in hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration

The changes in adhesion between a neuronal cell and a glial cell as a component of the process of hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration.


conus arteriosus formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the conus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


cell chemotaxis to angiotensin

The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of angiotensin.


geraniol kinase activity (ATP-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + ATP = geranyl monophosphate + ADP + H+.


histone H3K36me/H3K36me2 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trehalose 6-phosphate + phosphate = glucose 6-phosphate + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to a cardiac fibroblast fate and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac fibroblast cells. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in coronary vasculature morphogenesis

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the shaping of the coronary vasculature.


luteolin C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate luteolin-7-olate + a glucosylated glucose acceptor = isoorientin + a non glucosylated glucose acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin <=> UDP(3-) + 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-daphnetin + H+.


suppression by symbiont of host cytokine production

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cytokine production by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-8 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-8.


suppression by virus of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the host organism.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephronin the mesonephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


mesonephric capsule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric capsule from unspecified parts. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized.


xanthommatin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,12-dihydroxanthommatin + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + xanthommatin.


isopiperitenol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + NAD+ = (6R)-isoperitenone + H+ + NADH.


photoprotection

Protection mechanism used by plants under conditions of excess energy absorption as a consequence of the light reactions of photosynthesis.


protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification.


seminal vesicle development

The progression of the seminal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The seminal vesicle is a gland that contributes to the production of semen.


response to host oxygen tension environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting oxygen tension in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: alizarin + UDP-D-glucose = 1-hydroxy-2-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)-9,10-anthraquinone + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate = glycerone phosphate + (S)-lactaldehyde.


response to mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling.


peptidyl-valine modification

The modification of peptidyl-valine.


peptidyl-glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-peptidyl-L-glutamine + H2O = alpha-N-peptidyl-L-glutamate + NH3.


membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutamate + ATP = N(alpha)-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine + products of ATP breakdown.


2-ketobutyrate formate-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + coenzyme A = propionyl-CoA + formate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + methylammonium = N-methyl-L-glutamate + NH4.


detection of organic substance

The series of events in which an organic substance stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


complement component C5a receptor activity

Combining with the C5a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-6a-hydroxymaackiain + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + (+)-pisatin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


modulation by virus of host transcription

Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its host's transcription.


phosphatidylcholine transfer activity

Removes phosphatidylcholine from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


Catalysis of the reaction: deisopropylhydroxyatrazine + H2O = NH3 + 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine.


carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbazole + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain alcohol + 2 NAD+ + H2O = a long-chain carboxylate + 2 NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + H+ + UDP.


choline monooxygenase activity (NADP-dependent)

Catalysis of the reaction: choline + NADP = betaine aldehyde + NADPH + H+.


baroreceptor detection of decreased arterial stretch

The series of events by which a decrease in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


anaerobic rhamnose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.


(+)-menthofuran synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pulegone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (R)-menthofuran + 2 H2O + NADP+.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide lyase activity (ergothioneine-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + 2H+ = ergothioneine + pyruvate + ammonium.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of a host serine/threonine kinase TBK1.


CMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CMP = ADP + CDP.


head segmentation

Partitioning the insect head anlage into a fixed number of segmental units. The number of segments composing the insect head has long been a subject of debate, but it is generally agreed that there are 6 or 7 segments. From anterior to posterior the head segments are the procephalic segments (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) and the gnathal segments (mandibular, maxillary and labial).


protein-phycocyanobilin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.


galacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonan, a pectin polymer containing a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.


SUMO-specific endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within the small conjugating protein SUMO.


Catalysis of the reaction: neo-lambda-carrahexaose + H2O <=> neo-lambda-carratetraose + neo-lambda-carrabiose.


(+)-camphor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.


positive regulation of growth rate

Any process that increases the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.


positive regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

Any process that increases blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


1,4-dichlorobenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring. It forms white crystals at room temperature and is used as an insecticidal fumigant, particularly in mothballs.


cellular response to farnesol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a farnesol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-6 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-6.


18S rRNA aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-methylpseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N1-methyl-N3-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]pseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine.


2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


negative regulation of nitrogen utilization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = H2O +  (2E)-octenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.


methylammonium channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of methylammonium (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. Methylammonium is CH3NH2.


response to chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.


plasma membrane electron transport, NADH to quinone

The transfer of electrons from NADH to the quinone pool that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation and results in the generation of a proton gradient, mediated by the enzyme known as NADH-quinone oxidoreductase.


emericellamide A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellamide A.


formaldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.


regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to the modulation of the expansion of a population of cardiac outflow tract cells.


Catalysis of the movement of N-retinylidene-N-retinylphosphatidylethanolamine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


methanethiol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methanethiol + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + hydrogen sulfide + hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = pimeloyl-CoA.


sensory neuron migration

The orderly movement of a sensory neuron from one site to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.


aerobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.


indole glucosinolate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2-(dihydroxy-4'-chorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + O2 = 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2E,4E,7-trienoate.


high-affinity glucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


response to vanadate(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.


isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine

The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-glutamate and peptidyl-glycine to produce N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine, as found in the antibiotic microcin J25.


alcohol O-butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a butyl ester.


centrolateral pattern formation

The regionalization process in which the areas along the centrolateral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation, or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


cellular response to dehydroepiandrosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dehydroepiandrosterone stimulus.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


negative regulation of cardiac cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification.


glutathione-regulated potassium exporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in), where glutathione maintains the closed state.


lateral reticular nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral reticular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


archaeosine-tRNA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of archaeosine, an archaea-specific modified base found at position 15 in the D-loop of certain archaeal tRNAs.


fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.