bacterial infectious disease

An acute infectious disorder that is caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria; representative examples include pneumococcal, streptococcal, salmonella, and meningeal infections.


positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


glycosphingolipid binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


Sertoli cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.


regulation of integrin activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.


arginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


serine-type endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.


intracranial thrombosis

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in a blood vessel within the skull. Intracranial thrombosis can lead to thrombotic occlusions and brain infarction. The majority of the thrombotic occlusions are associated with atherosclerosis.


lipoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


vulva cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the vulva.


negative regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


Thromboplastin decreased

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


antimicrobial humoral response

An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-lysine-peptide.


oculomotor nerve

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Cranial nerve which connects the midbrain to the extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles.


plasma membrane signaling receptor complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane and which functions as a signaling receptor.


U12 snRNA binding

Binding to a U12 small nuclear RNA (U12 snRNA).


SMN-Sm protein complex

A protein complex formed by the association of several methylated Sm proteins with the SMN complex; the latter contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and unrip proteins; additional proteins, including galectin-1 and galectin-3, are also found in the SMN-SM complex. The SMN-Sm complex is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm.


regulation of axon regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.


choreatic disease

A neurological condition affecting the involuntary movements. It is characterized by brief, non-repetitive irregular muscle contractions. It is seen in patients with Huntington's disease.


Skin Pigmentation

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


M band

The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Rhonchi

Abnormal breath sounds characterized by low-pitched, snoring or rattle-like sounds.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulator activity

Modulates the activity of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Regulatory subunits can link a PI3K catalytic subunit to upstream signaling events and help position the catalytic subunits close to their lipid substrates.


sacro-iliac joint

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments.


calcium ion transport into cytosol

The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol.


regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs.


Cholecalciferol

Any member of a group of fat-soluble hydroxy seco-steroids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D  can be obtained from sun exposure, food and supplements and is biologically inactive and converted into the biologically active calcitriol via double hydroxylation in the body.


regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.


trunk neural crest cell migration

The characteristic movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube to other locations in the vertebrate embryo.


regulation of defense response to bacterium

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.


Interstitial pneumonitis

Inflammation of interstitial lung tissue, usually associated with infection.


platelet alpha granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.


regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


carbohydrate derivative transport

The directed movement of a carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


positive regulation of lipid kinase activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.


Anorgasmia

Inability of individual to reach orgasm.


cheek

A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose.


Elevated circulating creatinine concentration

An increased amount of creatinine in the blood.


sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


bursitis

Inflammation or irritation of a synovial bursa, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin.


pyrimidine nucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


regulation of synaptic vesicle priming

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.


molybdopterin cofactor binding

Binding to a molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is an eye disease characterized by infarction of the optic disk leading to vision loss. It can be nonarteritic (nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or NAION) or arteritic, the latter being associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA; often termed temporal arteritis). Vision loss with both varieties is typically rapid (over minutes, hours, or days) and painless. Symptoms such as a general feeling of being unwell (malaise), muscle aches and pains, headaches over the temple, pain when combing hair, pain in the jaw after chewing, and tenderness over the temporal artery (one of the major arteries of the head) may be present with giant cell arteritis. At exam, visual acuity is reduced and the optic disc is swollen. In both subtypes, visual field examination is often reduced in the inferior and central visual fields. The visual loss is usually permanent, with some recovery possibly occurring within the first weeks or months. The arteritic variety is treated with corticosteroids. Treatment of the nonarteritic variety withaspirinor corticosteroids has not been helpful.


perineum

Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the pelvis by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm and from the lower limbs by the perineofemoral lines; together with the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, it constitutes the trunk[FMA].


oligodendrocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.


positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


cardiogenic shock

A rare, cardiac condition characterized by severely decreased cardiac output, hypoperfusion and end-organ dysfunction, in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. The clinical presentation is variable and may range from subtle hemodynamic alterations to overt cardiovascular collapse. Commonly reported features include dyspnea, crackles, elevated jugular venous pressure, altered mental state, abnormal pulse pressure, oliguria, cold extremities, and increased serum lactate levels.


peptidyl-proline modification

The modification of peptidyl-proline.


regulation of arachidonic acid secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of arachidonic acid secretion, the controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.


Localized Edema

Swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid at a specific anatomic site.


Hypoalbuminemia

Reduction in the concentration of albumin in the blood.


regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.


regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.


maintenance of protein location in nucleus

Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus.


cardiac chamber formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


nucleobase catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.


mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ATP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


snoRNA localization

Any process in which small nucleolar RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


chromatin remodeling at centromere

Dynamic structural changes in centromeric DNA.


Localized desquamation

A peeling off or loss of epidermis, as in sunburn, postscarlatinal peeling, or toxic epidermal necrolysis.


L-ascorbic acid binding

Binding to L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


Hypersexuality

Pathological persistent sexual disinhibiting behavior, directed at oneself or to others.


Metaproterenol

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.


regulation of glucagon secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.


positive regulation of male gonad development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.


negative regulation of natural killer cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.


urinary bladder carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the urinary bladder


Decreased liver function

Reduced ability of the liver to perform its functions.


monosaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.


peroneal nerve paralysis

Paralysis of the nerves located in the legs.


positive regulation of icosanoid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.


modified amino acid binding

Binding to a modified amino acid.


Non-Cardiac Chest Pain

Pain in the chest unrelated to a heart disorder.


regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.


protein demethylation

The removal of a methyl group, from a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.


myosin V binding

Binding to a class V myosin; myosin V is a dimeric molecule involved in intracellular transport.


neuroblast proliferation

The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


selenocysteine incorporation

The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion

The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments.


positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling pathway via STAT.


Ticagrelor

A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.


Metrorrhagia

Bleeding at irregular intervals.


transferase activity, transferring sulphur-containing groups

Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfur-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


Carbenicillin

A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.


male meiosis I

A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.


response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.


neuron projection membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a neuron projection.


megaesophagus

An abnormal dilation of the esophagus not due to obstruction.


Wakefulness

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


basilar artery

A major artery that supplues the hindbrain and runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain.


sclera

Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP].


death receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.


proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


TOR signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors.


external genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals.


glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


cytokine receptor activity

Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of response to type II interferon

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.


positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.


lactate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid.


Adefovir dipivoxil

An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.


testosterone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of testosterone, an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4 C-5.


Restlessness

A state of unease characterized by diffuse motor activity or motion, subject to limited control, nonproductive, or disorganized behavior.


nucleosome disassembly

The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.


Upper motor neuron dysfunction

A functional anomaly of the upper motor neuron. The upper motor neurons are neurons of the primary motor cortex which project to the brainstem and spinal chord via the corticonuclear, corticobulbar and corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts. They are involved in control of voluntary movements. Dysfunction leads to weakness, impairment of fine motor movements, spasticity, hyperreflexia and abnormal pyramidal signs.


positive regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


Scab

A hard covering or layer of solid matter formed by dried bodily exudate or secretion.


interleukin-28 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-28 and interleukin-29. It is composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit (in human IFNLR1/IL28Ralpha & IL10RB) and either Interleukin-28 (IFNL2 or IFNL3) or Interleukin-29 (IFNL1).


inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown.


ocular cancer

A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the structures of the eye.


cellular biogenic amine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


Cinoxacin

A member of the class of  cinnolines  that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.


viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus

The directed movement of intronless viral mRNA from the host nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation.


cAMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the prostate gland.


regulation of cell projection size

A process that modulates the size of a cell projection.


immunoglobulin binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin.


extracellular polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.


neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development

Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development.


chromo shadow domain binding

Binding to a chromo shadow domain, a protein domain that is distantly related, and found in association with, the chromo domain.


organic hydroxy compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic hydroxy compound.


regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of macroautophagy

Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation.


regulation of neuron maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change.


flotillin complex

A protein complex that contains flotillin-1 and flotillin-2, and may contain associated proteins. Flotillins associate into membrane microdomains resembling caveolae.


protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


sperm flagellum

A microtubule-based flagellum (or cilium) that is part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.


Tafluprost

A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F2alpha in which the carboxylic acid function has been converted to the corresponding isopropyl ester and the 3-hydroxy-1-octenyl side-chain is substituted by 3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl. Used for treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.


macropinocytosis

An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.


tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


regulation of superoxide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of superoxide metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.


Apathy

An emotional state of indifference characterized by a lack of interest or concern.


negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


regulation of gene expression by genomic imprinting

An epigenetic mechanism of regulation of gene expression in which epigenetic modifications (imprints) are established during gametogenesis. For a given gene to show parentally biased expression, the imprint are established exclusively in one of the two parental genomes, thus generating an asymmetry between the maternal and paternal alleles.


aliphatic amine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


kidney mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a kidney mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of kidney mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.


ruffle membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.


transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


regulation of DNA repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol or related substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


Combining with the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


female sex differentiation

The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation.


melatonin receptor activity

Combining with melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, to initiate a change in cell activity. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine substance that stimulates the aggregation of melanosomes in melanophores, thus lightening the skin.


bile acid and bile salt transport

The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


somatic cell DNA recombination

Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells.


spectrin binding

Binding to spectrin, a protein that is the major constituent of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network. It associates with band 4.1 (see band protein) and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate side-to-side in an antiparallel fashion to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers.


homologous chromosome segregation

The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.


pons development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pons over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


osteoclast fusion

The plasma membrane fusion process that results in fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts to form a multinuclear osteoclast.


sphingomyelin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine.


regulation of amino acid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cyclase.


positive regulation of muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.


cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.


cholesterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell.


iron-sulfur cluster binding

Binding to an iron-sulfur cluster, a combination of iron and sulfur atoms.


tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation

Splicing of tRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.


atrial septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another.


regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.


intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a steroid binding to an intracellular steroid hormone receptor.


artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


response to prostaglandin E

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.


protein deubiquitination

The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein.


positive regulation of type II interferon production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.


pneumothorax

Abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity.


CDP-choline pathway

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with the phosphorylation of choline and ends with the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine.


sterol binding

Binding to a sterol, a steroid containing a hydroxy group in the 3 position, closely related to cholestan-3-ol.


cellular response to hexose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus.


bacterial infectious disease with sepsis

An infectious disease caused by bacteria causing sepsis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.


membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis

The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).


branchiomotor neuron axon guidance

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


lipoate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.


microtubule anchoring

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell.


cortical cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.


kinase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a kinase.


cobalamin binding

Binding to cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a donor + a peroxide = an oxidized donor + 2 H2O.


lipid storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


phagocytosis, engulfment

The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis.


protein neddylation

Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to another protein.


establishment of protein localization to peroxisome

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a peroxisome.


regulation of monoatomic anion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


iron ion transport

The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cerebellar granular layer morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar granular layer is generated and organized. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


regulation of glutamate secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.


Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4 family and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.


regulation of metanephric glomerulus development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.


lipoprotein lipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate, where the triacylglycerol is part of a lipoprotein.


mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding

Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase.


endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway

The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the target compartment.


Hemiparesis

Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refers to a complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to an incomplete loss of strength.


glutathione biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.


DNA nuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.


protein activation cascade

A sequential series of modifications to a set of proteins where the product of one reaction catalyzes the following reaction, ultimately leading to the generation of a mature protein. Modifications typically include proteolysis or covalent modification, and may also include binding events.


Benzonatate

The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.


negative regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


muscle filament sliding

The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.


cerebellar cortex

The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three main layers, the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell layer and the granule cell layer.


non-small cell lung carcinoma

A group of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including non-small cell squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Non-small cell lung carcinomas have a poor response to conventional chemotherapy.


lower jaw region

Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm].


regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


glycolipid transfer activity

Removes a glycolipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. A glycolipid is a compound usually containing 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid.


negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


regulation of smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.


positive regulation of cell size

Any process that increases cell size.


tooth erosion, non-bacterial

Progressive loss of tooth tissue by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)


hypoglossal nerve

Cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of the tongue.


positive regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.


bone remodeling

The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.


Corrected Prolonged QT Interval by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic finding in which the QTc interval corrected for heart rate is prolonged. Thresholds for different age, gender, and patient populations exist. (CDISC)


interleukin-1 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity. Interleukin-1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages and is involved in the inflammatory response.


energy reserve metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen.


regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


secondary neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from a pre-existing lower grade lesion, or as a result of a primary lesion that has spread to secondary sites, or due to a complication of a cancer treatment.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.


negative regulation of organ growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


positive regulation of membrane potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


NMDA glutamate receptor activity

An cation channel that opens in response to binding by extracellular glutmate, but only if glycine is also bound and the membrane is depolarized. Voltage gating is indirect, due to ejection of bound magnesium from the pore at permissive voltages.


Salsalate

A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.


nephritis

Inflammation of renal tissue.


negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.


fatty acid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.


hard palate development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes.


positive regulation of myelination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


platelet dense tubular network

A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin.


femoral vein

In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. [WP,unvetted].


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the brain from another anatomic site or system. The majority are carcinomas (usually lung or breast carcinomas).


positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


saliva secretion

The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.


ATPase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of an ATP hydrolysis activity.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


ionotropic glutamate receptor complex

A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.


L-alanine transport

The directed movement of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of mRNA metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.


salivary gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.


phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis

The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.


activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity

The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues.


multivesicular body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


regulation of kidney development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of kidney development. Kidney development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prenylated-protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = prenylated-protein tyrosine + phosphate.


Conjunctival hyperemia

Dilatation of the blood vessels of the conjunctiva leading to a red appearance of the sclera.


eosinophil migration

The movement of an eosinophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


hepoxilin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology.


fucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


chromatoid body

A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182).


hypopigmentation of the skin

A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.


ventricular septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.


Viral gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis resulting from a viral infection.


response to folic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.


actin filament network formation

The assembly of a network of actin filaments; actin filaments on different axes and with differing orientations are crosslinked together to form a mesh of filaments.


cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development

The growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.


cell-cell signaling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the heart process that regulates cardiac muscle contraction; beginning with the generation of an action potential in the sinoatrial node and ending with regulation of contraction of the myocardium.


maintenance of location in cell

Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


alditol phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditol phosphates, any phosphorylated polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


energy coupled proton transport, down electrochemical gradient

The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that provides energy for the synthesis of ATP or GTP.


negative regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into a COPII-coated vesicle.


mature B cell differentiation

The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.


signaling adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules in a signaling pathway, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Adaptor molecules themselves do not have catalytic activity.


porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.


negative regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.


positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway..


negative regulation of bone resorption

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.


regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


mesonephric tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric tubule are generated and organized. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.


rectus abdominis muscle

The rectus abdominis muscle is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the abdomen. There are two parallel sets of muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba (white line). It extends from the pubic symphysis/pubic crest inferiorly to the xiphisternum/xiphoid process and lower costal cartilages (5-7) superiorly. It is contained in the Rectus sheath. The rectus is usually crossed by three fibrous bands licked by the tendinous inscriptions. [WP,modified].


ELTROMBOPAG

A hydrazine in which each nitrogen atom is substituted, one by a 3'-carboxy-2-hydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl group and the other by a 1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene group.  A small molecule agonist of the c-mpl (TpoR) receptor (the physiological target of the hormone thrombopoietin), it has been developed as a medication for conditions that lead to thrombocytopenia (abnormally low platelet counts).


regulation of protein homodimerization activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.


positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation.


somatic diversification of immunoglobulins involved in immune response

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins after induction, and contributes to an immune response.


seborrheic dermatitis

A chronic, inflammatory skin disorder that affects the scalp, central face and skin folds; it is characterized by scaling and itching.


nose development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels

The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.


positive regulation of dephosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.


alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex.


Periciazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom and a carbonitrile group at position 2. Periciazine is a first generation antipsychotic.


gas transport

The directed movement of substances that are gaseous in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


metanephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the metanephros.


putrescine transport

The directed movement of putrescine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


SNARE complex

A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.


cysteinyl leukotriene receptor activity

Combining with a cysteinyl leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are leukotrienes that contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


quinolinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.


Acute bronchitis

Inflammation of the large airways of the lung with rapid onset and short course usually associated with cough, mucus production, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness.


sympathetic neuron projection guidance

The process in which the migration of a sympathetic neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


grooming behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.


pronucleus

The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.


malignant mesothelioma

A malignant neoplasm of the pleura or peritoneum, arising from mesothelial cells. It is associated with exposure to asbestos.


regulation of SNARE complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.


regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.


Cardiomegaly

Increased size of the heart, clinically defined as an increased transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette that is greater than or equal to 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest (increased cardiothoracic ratio) on a posterior-anterior projection of a chest radiograph or a computed tomography.


'de novo' post-translational protein folding

The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis.


response to fungicide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fungicide stimulus. Fungicides are chemicals used to kill fungi.


tinea unguium

A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by dermatophytes; yeasts; or nondermatophyte molds.


pyridoxal phosphate binding

Binding to pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6.


protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation

The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.


MLL1 complex

A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3. MLL1/MLL is the catalytic methyltransferase subunit, and the complex also contains the core components ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1 WDR5 and RBBP5.


blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis.


negative regulation of axon guidance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.


signal transduction downstream of smoothened

The series of molecular signals that are initiated by the transmembrane protein Smoothened. In the presence of a Hedgehog signaling molecule, the Patched protein no longer inhibits the activity of Smoothened, and Smoothened signals via the Hedgehog signaling complex to activate downstream components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.


hyperthyroidism

Overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in overproduction of thyroid hormone and increased metabolic rate. Causes include diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid gland (Graves' disease), single nodule in the thyroid gland, and thyroiditis. The symptoms are related to the increased metabolic rate and include weight loss, fatigue, heat intolerance, excessive sweating, diarrhea, tachycardia, insomnia, muscle weakness, and tremor.


ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ornithine decarboxylase.


deoxyribose phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.


microtubule severing

The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. Severing enzymes remove dimers from the middle of the filament to create new ends, unlike depolymerizing kinesins that use ATP to uncap microtubules at their ends.


regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.


phagosome-lysosome fusion

The creation of a phagolysosome from a phagosome and a lysosome.


mitotic cytokinesis

A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.


regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


regulation of urine volume

Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


translation termination factor activity

Functions in the termination of translation.


Cycrimine

A member of the class of piperidines that is 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol in which one of the hydrogen atoms at the 1-position is substituted by cyclopentyl, and the other is substituted by phenyl. A central anticholinergic, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the management and treatment of Parkinson's disease.


male sex determination

The specification of male sex of an individual organism.


ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-oxygen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


membrane hyperpolarization

The process in which membrane potential increases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more negative potential. For example, during the repolarization phase of an action potential the membrane potential often becomes more negative or hyperpolarized before returning to the steady-state resting potential.


positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


Right ventricular failure

Reduced ability of the right ventricle to perform its function (to receive blood from the right atrium and to eject blood into the pulmonary artery), often leading to pitting peripheral edema, ascites, and hepatomegaly.


cellular response to cold

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.


sphingolipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


regulation of ribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ribonuclease activity, catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.


positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


cell adhesion mediated by integrin

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.


urea cycle

The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate.


cardiac muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


Acute Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that has a severe or rapid onset.


cellular response to BMP stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.


integrin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cortical actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.


regulation of actin nucleation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.


NAD metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.


Tazarotene

The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of  psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.


regulation of presynaptic membrane organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization.


movement disorder

Neurological conditions resulting in abnormal voluntary or involuntary movement, which may impact the speed, fluency, quality and ease of movement.


vesicle fusion to plasma membrane

Fusion of the membrane of a vesicle with the plasma membrane, thereby releasing its contents into the extracellular space.


glutathione peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized glutathione + 2 H2O.


lung-associated mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung.


cleavage furrow formation

Generation of the cleavage furrow, a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate that marks the site of cytokinesis. This process includes the recruitment and localized activation of signals such as RhoA at the site of the future furrow to ensure that furrowing initiates at the correct site in the cell.


skin infection

An inflammatory process affecting the skin, caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. Examples of bacterial infection include carbuncles, furuncles, impetigo, erysipelas, and abscesses. Examples of viral infection include shingles, warts, molluscum contagiosum, and pityriasis rosea. Examples of parasitic infection include scabies and lice. Examples of fungal infection include athlete's foot, yeast infection, and ringworm.


response to inactivity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inactivity stimulus.


LRR domain binding

Binding to a LRR domain (leucine rich repeats) of a protein.


transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission.


high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Binding to a high-density lipoprotein receptor.


wide pore channel activity

Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a large pore, un-gated channel. Examples include gap junctions, which transport substances from one cell to another; and porins which transport substances in and out of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts.


bronchopneumonia

Acute inflammation of the walls of the terminal bronchioles that spreads into the peribronchial alveoli and alveolar ducts. It results in the creation of foci of consolidation, which are surrounded by normal parenchyma. It affects one or more lobes, and is frequently bilateral and basal. It is usually caused by bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae). Signs and symptoms include fever, cough with production of brown-red sputum, dyspnea, and chest pain.


amine transport

The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


pigment granule transport

The directed movement of pigment granules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cognitive disorder

A disease affects cognitive processes.


regulation of thymocyte aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.


protein localization to adherens junction

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the adherens junction.


myosin VI binding

Binding to a class VI myosin. The myosin VI heavy chain has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain, a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.


N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


substrate-dependent cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate.


cardiac muscle adaptation

The process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.


cellular response to unfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.


growth cone lamellipodium

A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of an axonal or dendritic growth cone; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.


hyperlipidemia

Elevated levels of lipids in the blood.


regulation of protein acetylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.


positive regulation of epidermis development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.


metanephric distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the metanephric nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. Among other functions, in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter.


Tolmetin

A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.


metanephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus.


ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). Begins with activation of ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, ATF6 translocates to the Golgi where it is processed by proteases to release a cytoplasmic domain (ATF6f), which operates as a transcriptional activator of many genes required to restore folding capacity.


ear infection

A viral or bacterial infection that affects the external, middle, or inner ear. It may follow an upper respiratory infection. Signs and symptoms include pain, ear discharge, ear fullness, hearing loss, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting.


mechanosensory behavior

Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus.


regulation of myotube differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

The development of potentially reversible physiologic derangement involving two or more organ systems not involved in the disorder that resulted in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and arising in the wake of a potentially life-threatening physiologic insult.


regulation of fear response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.


ovarian follicle

A spherical aggregation of cells in the ovary that contains a single oocyte[WP,modified].


positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.


dynein intermediate chain binding

Binding to an intermediate chain of the dynein complex.


IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 (Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease). Begins with activation of IRE1 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. One target of activated IRE1 is the transcription factor HAC1 in yeast, or XBP1 in mammals; IRE1 cleaves an intron of a mRNA coding for HAC1/XBP1 to generate an activated HAC1/XBP1 transcription factor, which controls the up regulation of UPR-related genes. At least in mammals, IRE1 can also signal through additional intracellular pathways including JNK and NF-kappaB.


negative regulation of mast cell degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.


regulation of killing of cells of another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.


regulation of protein autophosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.


dATP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).


hormone transport

The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


prenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


apoptotic cell clearance

The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.


receptor tyrosine kinase binding

Binding to a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity.


pore complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.


UV protection

Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV.


regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.


peptidoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found only in bacterial cell walls and consisting of strands of glycosaminoglycan cross-linked by oligopeptides to form a huge and rigid network.


regulation of filopodium assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.


spindle checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that that controls a cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle.


choroid plexus

A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces.


extracellular matrix disassembly

A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.


purine-rich negative regulatory element binding

Binding to a 30-bp purine-rich negative regulatory element; the best characterized such element is found in the first intronic region of the rat cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain gene, and contains two palindromic high-affinity Ets-binding sites (CTTCCCTGGAAG). The presence of this element restricts expression of the gene containing it to cardiac myocytes.


maternal process involved in female pregnancy

A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it.


proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain

A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and mediates proton transport across a membrane. The V0 complex consists of at least four different subunits (a,c,d and e); six or more c subunits form a proton-binding rotor ring.


regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


androgen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.


ER-nucleus signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation.


regulation of protein depolymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.


negative T cell selection

The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.


cellular response to estradiol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.


glossopharyngeal nerve development

Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.


regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal

The regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


protein phosphatase 1 binding

Binding to a protein phosphatase 1.


Tension-type headache

A type of headache that last hours with continuous pain of mild or moderate intensity, bilateral location, a pressing/tightening (non-pulsating) quality and that is not aggravated by routine physical activity such as walking or climbing stairs.


mesodermal cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


stereocilium

An actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells and of neuromast cells. These protrusions are supported by a bundle of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma. Bundles of stereocilia act as mechanosensory organelles.


mitochondrial RNA modification

Any RNA modification that takes place in mitochondrion.


copulation

The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.


Fecal Occult Blood

Blood in the feces that is not visibly apparent.


poly(U) RNA binding

Binding to a sequence of uracil residues in an RNA molecule.


solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: inorganic anion(out) + solute(in) = inorganic anion (in) + solute(out).


protein sulfation

The addition of a sulfate group as an ester to a protein amino acid.


Crohn ileitis

An Crohn disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the ileum.


allantoin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, an intermediate or end product of purine catabolism.


progesterone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.


immunoglobulin production

The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of blood pressure

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.


cytoplasmic vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by a cytoplasmic vesicle.


regulation of fibroblast growth factor production

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.


protein O-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan.


tryptophan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


thermoception

The series of events required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Thermoception in larger animals is mainly done in the skin; mammals have at least two types of sensor, for detecting heat (temperatures above body temperature) and cold (temperatures below body temperature).


cytoplasmic microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell.


negative regulation of viral entry into host cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the entry of viral entry into a host cell.


neutrophil activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


venous blood vessel development

The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed.


respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system

The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.


regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


phospholipid transfer to membrane

The transfer of a phospholipid from its site of synthesis to the plasma membrane.


protein localization to Golgi apparatus

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus.


regulation of actin filament length

Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell.


L-lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


lung alveolus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.