K ATP Channel-Associated Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus caused by activating mutation(s) in genes (KNCJ11 and/or ABCC8) encoding either of the 2 proteins (Kir6.2 and/or SUR1) that make up the pancreatic beta cell adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel, which is crucial for the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion.


Pathologic Stage IIIA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

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Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N2, M0, Any G); (T2, N1, M0, Any G). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Malignant Choroid Plexus Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant choroid plexus neoplasm after a period of remission.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A neoplastic, non-invasive lesion that affects the extrahepatic bile duct epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of atypical epithelial cells with an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, and loss of nuclear polarity.


Regressed germ cell tumor

A testicular germ cell tumor that has undergone either partial or complete regression, resulting in the creation of a fibrotic nodule in the testis.


Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Giant Cells

An aggressive squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the prominence of malignant giant cells.


Ossifying Renal Tumor of Infancy

A benign neoplasm of the kidney occurring in infants. It develops as an intracalyceal mass and is characterized by the presence of osteoid formation, osteoblast-like cells, and spindle cells.


Neoplasms, Therapy-Associated

The development of a neoplasm in response to medical or surgical treatment, induced by the treatment itself.


Prevertebral Abscess

An abscess that develops in the tissues within the prevertebral fascia.


Unresectable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Esophageal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage II Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Non-Severe Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia that is characterized by bone marrow cellularity less than 30% and does not meet criteria for severe aplastic anemia.


Acquired Bilateral Cataracts

Cataracts in both eyes that result from the aging process, an injury, or as a manifestation of a systemic disorder.


Gastric Fistula

An abnormal communication between the stomach and another organ or anatomic site.


Diabetes mellitus without complication

Diabetes mellitus that does not show any evidence of tissue or organ damage.


Stage IA Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Elevated Choriogonadotropin Subunit Beta

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A finding indicating elevated concentrations of human chorionicgonadotropin subunit beta in a sample.


Advanced Sarcoma of the Extremity

A sarcoma of the soft tissues or bones of the upper or lower extremity that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma

A non-invasive serous carcinoma arising from the fallopian tube.


Birth Injuries

An injury sustained to a neonate during the birthing process.


Age-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis

The gradual, clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells carrying specific, disruptive, and recurrent genetic variants, in individuals without clear diagnosis of hematological malignancies. It is associated with an increased risk of developing hematologic cancers.


Secondary Cerebral Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that has spread to the cerebral hemisphere following the initial presentation in another nodal or extranodal site.


Lesion

A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of tissue, organ, or body part.


Borderline Peritoneal Serous Tumor

A serous epithelial tumor that arises from the peritoneum and histologically resembles the serous borderline tumors that arise from the ovary.


Depletion of mitochondrial DNA

A genetically heterogenous group of disorders characterized by low mitochondrial DNA in specific tissues resulting in impaired energy production.


Pathologic Stage IIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to urethra

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the urethra from another anatomic site.


Inflammatory Hepatocellular Adenoma

A hepatocellular adenoma that occurs more often in women.  It is characterized by increased levels of inflammation-associated proteins.  It is usually associated with steatosis and obesity.


Broncho-esophageal fistula

An abnormal connection between a bronchus and the esophagus.


Elevated Type I Collagen Cross-Linked N-Telopeptide

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of an increased level of the bone resorption marker type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx or NTxI) in a biological sample.


Marrow Toxic Injury

An injury to the bone marrow resulting from exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation or exposure to other hazardous material.


Non-Obstructed Megaureter

A megaureter in which there is no obstruction at the ureterovesical junction.


Refractory Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor involving serosa, adnexa, vagina, or parametrium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Unresectable Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anal canal squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgery.


Urinary System Carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of any part of the urinary system. Representative examples include kidney carcinoma and bladder carcinoma.


Recto-Vesico-Vaginal Fistula

An abnormal communication between the rectum, bladder, and vagina.


Chest Pain Along Right Lower Sternal Border

The location of the chest pain is along the right lower border of the sternum.


Broad Ligament Serous Adenofibroma

A rare serous adenofibroma arising from the broad ligament.


Acute Respiratory Distress

An abrupt onset of signs or symptoms indicating difficulty breathing including alterations in breath sounds and rate, chest retractions and color changes.


An adenocarcinoma associated with the presence of human papillomavirus infection.


Stage IIB Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0, G2 or G3. T2: Tumor measuring more than 8 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated, high grade. G3: Poorly differentiated, high grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma

The reemergence of primary cutaneous lymphoma after a period of remission.


Asymptomatic Infections

Infection associated with no detectable symptoms but caused by microorganisms capable of producing easily recognizable diseases, such a poliomyelitis or mumps.


Serum IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy of Less than 30g/L

An abnormal laboratory test result indicating that a serum IgM paraprotein concentration is less than 30g/L.


Tectal Glioma

A glioma that arises from the tectum mesenchephali.


Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes insipidus complicated by a deficient or absent thirst response to hyperosmolality, usually as a result of hypothalamic damage or dysfunction.


Recurrent Schwannoma

The reemergence of schwannoma after a period of remission.


BCLC Stage B Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may benefit from chemoembolization. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Infant Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia

An acute biphenotypic leukemia that occurs in infancy.


Stage IV Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T1, N0, N1, M1); (T2, N0, N1, M1); (T3, N0, N1, M1); (T4, N0, N1, M1). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and is less than or equal to 1 cm in size. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or is greater than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Radiation-induced xerostomia

Dryness of the oral mucosa secondary to radiation therapy.


Non-IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance defined by the presence in the serum of an IgG, IgA, or (rarely) IgD paraprotein at a concentration of less than 30g/L; clonal bone marrow plasma cells less than 10%; and absence of end-organ damage such as hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, bone marrow lesions, and amyloidosis attributable to the plasma cell proliferative disorder. The risk of progression to plasma cell myeloma, light-chain amyloidosis, or a related disorder is 1% per year. (WHO 2017)


Metastatic Endometrial Mixed Cell Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial mixed cell adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Meningeal Lymphoma

Involvement of the meninges by Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma.


Urinary System Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma that arises from the urinary system.


Refractory Lymphoproliferative Disorder

Lymphoproliferative disorder that is resistant to treatment.


Penile Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the penis. Representative examples include phimosis, balanitis, and hypospadias.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of appendix

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis (includes metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes, intraperitoneal disease, lung, liver, or bone. It excludes metastasis to pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes, vagina, uterine serosa, or adnexa). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage I Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

The carcinoma is strictly confined to the cervix (extension to the uterine corpus should be disregarded). (FIGO 2009)


Refractory Gliosarcoma

A gliosarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


Neoplasm of broad ligament

A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the broad ligament.


Kidney Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm arising from the kidney. It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells with stippled chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mitotic activity is low and tumor necrosis is absent.


Refractory Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive


Spinal vascular disorder

A disorder that is caused by pathologic changes in the spinal vasculature.


Esophageal Schwannoma

A slowly growing, benign, usually encapsulated neoplasm arising from the esophagus.  Morphologically, it is composed of neoplastic differentiated Schwann cells.


Stage III Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (Any T, M1a, Risk factors: unknown); IIIA (Any T, M1a, Risk factors: low risk); IIIB (Any T, M1a, Risk factors: high risk).  M1a: Lung metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus

An abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain that occurs as a later sequela of an intraventricular or subarachnoid hemorrhage.


Delusional disorder, persecutory type

A subtype of delusional disorder characterized by the central delusional theme that the individual is being malevolently treated (for example, maligned, harassed, conspired against, poisoned or drugged) by another person or group.


Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia, B/T, Not Otherwise Specified

A very rare mixed phenotype acute leukemia, not otherwise specified in which the blasts show clear-cut evidence of both B-cell and T-cell lineage. (WHO 2017)


Southern tick-associated rash illness

A putative Borrelia infection causing acute manifestations similar to Lyme disease, particularly erythema migrans, following the bite of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum.


Refractory Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Cervical Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of squamous cells, mucus producing cells, and cells of intermediate type.


Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a gastric neuroendocrine tumor according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to gastric "carcinoid" tumors (NET G1 and G2, and rare well-differentiated G3). Gastric high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma and gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma are not included in this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Refractory AL Amyloidosis

AL amyloidosis that does not respond to treatment.


Pure Cutaneous Mastocytosis

Mastocytosis that manifests with pure cutaneous involvement.


Gastrointestinal Tract Acute Graft Versus Host Disease

Acute graft versus host disease occurring in the gastrointestinal tract.


Renal Pelvis and Ureter Carcinoma

Carcinoma that affects the renal pelvis and ureter.


Bacterial pericarditis

Pericarditis that is caused by an infection with a bacterial agent.


Stage III Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a, N1, M0); (T3b, N1, M0); IIIB: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N2, M0). T1a: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi. T1b: Tumor invading beyond the sphincter of Oddi (perisphincteric invasion) and/or into the duodenal submucosa. T2: Tumor invading into the muscularis propria of the duodenum. T3a: Tumor directly invading the pancreas (up to 0.5 cm). T3b: Tumor extending more than 0.5 cm into the pancreas, or extending into peripancreatic tissue or duodenal serosa without involvement of the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery. T4: Tumor involving the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, and/or common hepatic artery, irrespective of size. N1: Metastasis to one to three regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis to four or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte predominance type stage III

Stage III adult Hodgkin disease means the involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which may also be accompanied by localized involvement of an associated extralymphatic organ or site (IIIE), by involvement of the spleen (IIIS), or by involvement of both (IIIE + S). Stage III disease may be subdivided by anatomic distribution of abdominal involvement or by extent of splenic involvement. Stage III(1) indicates involvement that is limited to the upper abdomen above the renal vein. Stage III(2) indicates involvement of pelvic and/or para-aortic nodes. Five or more visible splenic nodules on a cut section constitutes extensive splenic involvement. Zero to four nodules is classified as minimal splenic disease. (from PDQ)


Zoonoses

Infection by an etiologic agent that can be passed between animals and humans.


Resectable Malignant Neoplasm

Malignant neoplasm that is amenable to surgical resection.


Breast Nevus

A benign melanocytic nevus that arises from the breast skin.


Adenocarcinoma in adenomatous polyp

A non-invasive or invasive adenocarcinoma arising from the neoplastic glandular cells in an adenomatous polyp.


Congenital facial nerve palsy

Partial or complete paralysis of the facial muscles of one side of an individual's face that is present at birth. It is caused by damage to the seventh cranial nerve.


Hypothyroxinemia

Decreased concentration of thyroxine.


Vulvar Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the vulva.


Peritoneal Infection

An infectious process affecting the peritoneum.


Stage IVA Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor invades mucosa of the bladder or rectum and/or extends beyond the true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient evidence to classify a tumor as T4).  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Advanced Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

Non-cutaneous melanoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Work shift change (disorder)

A subtype of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which the individual exhibits a normal endogenous pattern of sleep and wakefulness, but this pattern comes into conflict with the desired pattern of sleep and wakefulness required by shift work.


Corneal foreign body (disorder)

External material in or on the cornea.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with parametrial involvement but not up to the pelvic wall. (FIGO 2018)


Parapsoriasis en Plaques

A variant of parapsoriasis in which the plaques are large.


Unresectable Cutaneous Melanoma

A skin melanoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Cutaneous Perineurioma

A rare perineurioma arising from the skin.


Late Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Prosthetic valve endocarditis that occurs several months to years following valve replacement.


Postoperative Spindle Cell Nodule of the Cervix

A rare, benign, non-neoplastic reactive lesion that develops in the cervix at the site of a prior operative procedure. It is composed of spindle cells, small blood vessels, and chronic inflammation.


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Digestive System

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the digestive system from another anatomic site.


Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: Any T, N1-3, M0.  Stage III is divided into three pathologic subgroups: IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.  There are no clinical subgroups for stage III.  N1: Cutaneous melanoma with metastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2: Cutaneous melanoma with metastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) without metastatic nodes.  N3: Cutaneous melanoma with 4 or more metastatic nodes, or matted nodes, or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) with metastatic node(s).  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Inflamed Juvenile Conjunctival Nevus

A compound nevus that arises from the conjunctiva in children and adolescents. It is characterized by the presence of chronic inflammatory features.


Unresectable Myxoid Liposarcoma

A myxoid liposarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III) that may also be accompanied by localized involvement of an extralymphatic organ or site (IIIE), by involvement of the spleen (IIIS), or both (IIIS+E). (from PDQ)


Appendix Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of appendiceal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to carcinomas of the appendix, including high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas, and goblet cell carcinoids. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) are staged according to the classification for neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IA Vulvar Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage IA includes: Tia, N0, M0.  T1a: Tumor confined to the vulva or vulva and perineum, 2cm or less in greatest dimension, and with stromal invasion no greater than 1mm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Advanced Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm

A malignant digestive system neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Assault by firearms

A physical attack with a gun.


Adenocarcinoma of the prostate stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason 7); (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 10 and less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 7); (T2b, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 7); (T2b, N0, M0, PSA X, Gleason X); IIB (T2c, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 20, Any Gleason); (T1-2, N0, M0, Any PSA, Gleason equal or more than 8).  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less.  T2b: Tumor involves more than one-half of one lobe, but not both lobes.  T2c: Tumor involves both lobes.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason 7: Moderately differentiated (moderate anaplasia).  Gleason Equal or Less than 6: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia).  Gleason equal or more than 8: Poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (marked anaplasia).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Long-Term Effects Secondary to Cancer Therapy

Side effects of cancer treatment occurring a long time after the treatment was completed.


Subjective Fever

A symptom report of fever without an objective temperature measurement.


FIGO Stage III Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Lesion affects the lungs, with or without known genital structures invasion.


Well Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with mild atypia and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio forming thin trabecular patterns.  It is usually associated with small tumors and an early stage.


Childhood Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive

A chronic myelogenous leukemia occurring during childhood.


Mucosal nodular melanoma

Nodular melanoma that arises from a mucosal site.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma with parametrial invasion. (FIGO 2009)


Stage IVB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, M1b, Risk factors: high risk.  M1b: All other distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Chest Pain Along Anterior Axillary Line

The location of the chest pain is along an imaginary vertical line that descends along the lateral aspect of the chest wall originating from the armpit.


Astler-Coller B3 Colon Carcinoma

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


FIGO Stage IIA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Liquid Tumor

A malignant tumor that originates from myeloid or lymphoid cells i.e., leukemias and lymphomas.


Benign fibrohistiocytic neoplasm

A benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of fibrohistiocytic cells, spindle fibroblastic cells, and histiocytes, in a storiform pattern.


Bone Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

An exceedingly rare malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the bone.


Lung Adenocarcinoma with Mixed Bronchioloalveolar and Invasive Components

A lung adenocarcinoma consisting of a bronchioloalveolar component and an invasive adenocarcinomatous component.


Stage II Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T1, N0, M0, G3, G4); IIB (T2, N0, M0, G3, G4).  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Sarcoma of pelvis

Sarcoma involving the organs and structures of the pelvis.


Refractory Anaplastic Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma that is resistant to treatment.


Old Burn Scar-Related Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that arises from burn scars. It usually manifests between 20 and 40 years after the original burn.


Cervical Invasive Stratified Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A rare, distinct form of invasive cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma associated with human papillomavirus infection. It is characterized by the presence of stratiﬁed, immature epithelial cells containing varying quantities of intracytoplasmic mucin.


Stage IVB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N0, M1a, G2, G3); (Any T, N1, M1a, Any G); (Any T, N2, M1a, Any G).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  M1a: Intraperitoneal metastasis beyond the right lower quadrant, including pseudomyxoma peritonei.  G2: Moderately differentiated tumor. G3: Poorly differentiated tumor.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Neoplasm of uncertain behavior

A neoplasm displaying morphologic, phenotypic, or genotypic characteristics that are clearly not benign but do not permit the establishment of a definitive diagnosis of malignancy.  Such neoplasms may or may not eventually have a more aggressive clinical course.  Representative examples include lymphoproliferations of uncertain malignant potential (e.g., lymphomatoid granulomatosis and lymphomatoid papulosis), borderline ovarian epithelial neoplasms (e.g., borderline ovarian endometrioid tumor and borderline ovarian mucinous tumor), borderline exocrine pancreatic neoplasm (e.g., pancreatic borderline intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm), and primary borderline peritoneal epithelial neoplasm.


Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic

The protrusion of abdominal cavity contents into the thoracic cavity via a hole in the diaphragm, which was acquired via a traumatic etiology.


Peritoneal and retroperitoneal haemorrhages

Bleeding originating in and behind the tissues that line the wall of the abdominal cavity, intestine, and mesentery.


Unresectable Urothelial Carcinoma

Urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Adult Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

The reemergence of undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone in adulthood after a period of remission.


Metastatic Sarcoma in the Peritoneum

A sarcoma that has spread to the peritoneum from an adjacent or distal anatomic site.


Tumor Flare Reaction

A side effect of cancer treatment. It has been described in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with lenalidomide, breast cancer patients during the initial phase of hormonal treatment, and in prostate cancer patients treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. Symptoms include a sudden and painful increase in the tumor size, rash, low grade fever, bone pain, hypercalcemia, and an increase in the tumor markers levels.


Refractory Pancreatobiliary Carcinoma

Pancreatobiliary carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Acquired phimosis

Phimosis that develops in an uncircumcised male with a previously loose foreskin.


Platinum-Resistant Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that progresses between one and six months of completing the last platinum therapy.


Recurrent Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

The reemergence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis after a period of remission.


Undifferentiated schizophrenia

A subtype of schizophrenia in which the individual exhibits the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia but the overall picture is not one of catatonic type, paranoid type, or disorganized type schizophrenia.


Stent thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot of a vessel or heart chamber after and due to the placement of a stent.


Foregut Cyst

A cyst originating from the primitive foregut.  It may arise from the upper aerodigestive tract, tracheobronchial tree, liver, and pancreas.


Stage IIB Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma


Hairy Polyp

A benign polypoid lesion that usually arises from the nasopharynx. It may also occur in the oropharynx, palate, tonsil, tongue, lip, and middle ear. It usually affects neonates and older infants and is composed of ectoderm and mesoderm.


Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis

A chronic infection of the prostate gland caused by bacteria.  It is manifested with recurring urinary tract infections.  The culture of the prostatic fluid, semen, or post-massage urine specimen reveals the presence of bacteria.


Stage I Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor strictly confined to the cervix (extension to corpus should be disregarded). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


MAC lymphadenitis

Lymph node infection by Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium intracellulare. It most often affects children and usually presents with cervical lymph node enlargement. It generally follows a benign clinical course.


Malignant fibrohistiocytic neoplasm

A fibrohistiocytic neoplasm that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Oligometastatic Prostate Carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Terrifying Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that is frightening or scary.


Mixed Morphea

The presence of more than one variant of morphea in a single patient.


Stage III Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage III includes: (T1-3, N1, M0) and (T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor confined to vagina.  T2: Tumor invades paravaginal tissues but not to pelvic wall.  T3: Tumor extends to pelvic wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Pelvic or inguinal lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Airway Tumor Mass

A tumor mass that is located in the airways.


Psammocarcinoma

An extremely rare variant of serous carcinoma arising from the ovary or peritoneum. It is characterized by extensive formation of psammoma bodies, low-grade cytological features, and invasion of surrounding structures.


Refractory Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent Skin Carcinoma

A carcinoma of the skin that has recurred after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm

A malignant digestive system neoplasm that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage III Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0, M0, Any G); IIIB (T3, N2, M0, Any G); IIIC (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


High-Grade Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of high grade epithelial dysplasia.


Stage IVA Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, Any G.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Neoplasm to the Gallbladder

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the gallbladder from another anatomic site.  Representative examples include metastatic melanoma, and metastatic carcinomas from the breast and the stomach.


Appendix Low Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous intraepithelial neoplastic lesion that affects the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of mild dysplasia and mild architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Suppurative Granuloma

A granuloma caused by infectious organisms and characterized by the presence of abscess formation.


Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Excluding Head and Neck

A high-grade carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. This category includes small cell carcinomas, large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and Merkel cell carcinomas and excludes neuroendocrine carcinomas that arise from the head and neck. The head and neck neuroendocrine carcinomas include well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, and poorly-differentiated (high-grade) neuroendocrine carcinomas.


Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Thrombosis of blood vessel

The formation of a blood clot in the lumen of a vessel; causes include coagulation disorders, and vascular endothelial injury.


Trichoadenoma

A rare benign tumor of the hair follicle occurring usually in the face or buttocks.


Pathologic Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1a/b-T2a, N1a or N2a, M0); IIIB: (T0, N1b, N1c, M0); (T1a/b-T2a, N1b/c or N2b, M0); (T2b/T3a, N1a-N2b, M0); IIIC: (T0, N2b, N2c, N3b or N3c); (T1a-T3a, N2c or N3a/b/c, M0); (T3b/T4a, Any N greater than or equal to N1, M0); (T4b, N1a-N2c, M0); IIID: (T4b, N3a/b/c, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T0: No evidence of primary tumor (e.g., unknown primary or completely regressed melanoma). Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N1a: One clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No.  N2a: Two or three clinically occult nodal metastases (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1b: One clinically detected nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1c: No regional lymph node disease. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N2b: Two or three nodal metastases at least one of which was clinically detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N2c: One clinically occult nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N3b: Four or more nodal metastases, at least one of which was clinically detected, or presence of any number of matted nodes. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N3c: Two or more clinically occult nodal metastases. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N3a: Four or more clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


A hepatocellular adenoma caused by inactivating mutations of the HNF1A gene.  It is characterized by the presence of lobulated contours, steatosis, and absence of inflammation or nuclear atypia.


Chest Pain in Mid Sternum

The location of the chest pain is in the middle of the sternum.


Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia with Atypia

A proliferation of endometrial cells resulting in glandular enlargement and budding without changes in the basic structure of the endometrium. Epithelial atypia is present.


Cervical carcinoma stage II AJCC v7

Stage II includes: II (T2, N0, M0); IIA (T2a, N0, M0); IIA1 (T2a1, N0, M0); IIA2 (T2a2, N0, M0); IIB (T2b, N0, M0); T2: Cervical carcinoma invades beyond uterus but not to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T2a: Tumor without parametrial invasion.  T2a1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2a2: Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension.  T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

Malignant neoplasms which occur in the brain, spinal cord, or meninges of children.  Brainstem gliomas, medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and certain pineal tumors are relatively common primary malignant tumors of the CNS in children.


Juvenile systemic scleroderma

Systemic sclerosis that is diagnosed in children. Juvenile systemic sclerosis is more likely to be of the overlap variant and presents with musculoskeletal involvement.


Spontaneous Perforation

A hole through the wall of an organ that occurs without external influence.


Cancer Fatigue

A debilitating tiredness or total lack of energy, often reported as the most common symptom in individuals with cancer.  Cancer fatigue can result from chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and other treatments; chemotherapy-induced anemia is a very frequent cause. -- 2004


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage IV

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, or nodular involvement of the lungs(s).


Clinical Stage III Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (cT4b, cN0, cM0, Any H); (Any cT, cN1, cM0, Any H). cT4b: Extraocular tumor clinically evident with proptosis and/or an orbital mass. cN0: No regional lymph node involvement. cN1: Evidence of preauricular, submandibular, and cervical lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: Any pT/TX, N1-3, M0, SX. TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N1: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and less than or equal to five nodes positive, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension. N2: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or more than five nodes positive, none larger than 5 cm; or evidence of extranodal extension of tumor. N3: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. SX: Marker studies not available or not performed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Congenital ankyloblepharon

A congenital abnormality in which the margins of the upper and lower eyelids are fused together by bands of tissue.


Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage IV includes (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Spiradenocylindroma

A benign adnexal neoplasm with histological features of both spiradenoma and cylindroma in a single nodular lesion.


Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, or appendix. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Cutaneous Fistula

An abnormal communication between the skin and another organ or cavity.


Metastatic Genitourinary System Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the genitourinary system and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Unresectable Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anal squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Malignant cylindroma

A carcinoma that arises in a cylindroma.


Unresectable Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Middle Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left middle sternal border.


Non-Neoplastic Hair Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the hair. Representative examples may include alopecia, male pattern baldness, hirsutism, and hair shaft disorders.


Increased NPN

A laboratory test result indicating abnormally high concentration of non-protein nitrogen in the blood.


High Grade Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma exhibiting more than 50% solid non-glandular, non-squamous growth.


Lugano Classification Stage IE Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IE: Single extralymphatic site in the absence of nodal involvement (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome related to alkylating agent

Acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of alkylating agents that are used for the treatment of malignant tumors. Patients usually develop a myelodysplastic syndrome which may evolve to a higher grade myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia. A minority of patients present with an acute myeloid leukemia. Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently present and usually are unbalanced translocations or deletions of chromosomes 5 and 7. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia usually do not respond to treatment and have an unfavorable clinical outcome.


Seminal Vesicle Squamous Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the seminal vesicle. Glandular formation and mucin secretion are absent.


Intermediate Grade Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An intermediate grade malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the lung.  This category includes atypical carcinoid tumor.


Disorder of AMH Receptor

A defect in the Anti-Muellerian hormone receptor.


Childhood L2 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

L2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Sinonasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma

A benign, locally destructive, sinonasal tumor-like growth containing mixed mesenchymal elements. (WHO 2017)


Mitochondrial Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to inactivating mutation(s) in the gene HADH, encoding mitochondrial (short-chain) hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, resulting in loss of inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). This condition is also characterized by protein-induced hypoglycemia, but in contrast to GLUD1-associated hyperinsulinism, hyperammonemia is absent.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A cervical squamous cell carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Circumferential Endothelial Hyperplasia

Intraluminal hyperplasia of endothelial cells, encircling the entire lumen.


Refractory Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Clostridium difficile infection

A bacterial infection caused by Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile), which is a spore-forming, toxin-producing Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus that is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Infection may cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon, and risk factors include use of antibiotic medication, advanced age, and hospital or long-term care facility admission.


Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor confined to the corpus uteri, including endocervical glandular involvement. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Second degree uterine prolapse

The uterus has descended to the level of the hymen.


Lipomatosis of Nerve

A tumor composed of mature adipocytes and fibrous tissue infiltrating the epineurium and peripheral nerves.  It is often seen at birth or during childhood and may be associated with macrodactyly.


High grade glandular intraepithelial neoplasia

A high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in which there is marked architectural distortion and crowding of the glands, associated with severe cellular atypia. The neoplastic cells display pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei.


Malignant tumor of epidermal appendage

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the skin appendages.


Stage III Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III) that may also be accompanied by localized involvement of an extralymphatic organ or site (IIIE), by involvement of the spleen (IIIS), or both (IIIS+E). (from PDQ)


Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

An anal squamous cell carcinoma related to infection with sexually transmittable human papillomavirus.


Helicobacter Pylori-Related Carcinoma

A carcinoma that is caused by Helicobacter pylori.


Unresectable Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Local infection skin/subcut tissue NOS

An infection involving the surface of the skin and subcutaneous tissues in a defined area of the body.


Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0.  T3b: Tumor involves vagina (direct extension or metastasis) or parametrial tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Non-Functioning Neuroendocrine Tumor

A non-functioning, well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Foamy Variant

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of large glands with papillary infoldings that contain cells with xanthomatous cytoplasm.


Tooth Abrasion

Wearing away of tooth enamel by an outside mechanical force.


Lacrimal Drainage System Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac, canaliculi, or nasolacrimal duct.


Chronic Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis

A chronic infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or hominis that manifests as enteritis. It usually occurs in immunocompromised patients including persons with AIDS, transplant recipients, patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, and patients with hematologic malignancies.


Cortical Cataract Grade 2

A stage of cortical cataract characterized by 10-50% of the intrapupillary space obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


Automobile Accident

An accident occurring while aboard, or involving, an automobile.


Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis

A rare, paralytic poliomyelitis associated with the orally administered live attenuated strain of the poliovirus, OPV.


Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage

A term that refers to the postneoadjuvant therapy staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Stage III Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma that involves the lower third of the vagina and/or extends to the pelvic wall and/or causes hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney and/or involves pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph nodes. (FIGO 2018)


Metastatic Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises in the digestive system and has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Recurrent Fallopian Tube Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube mucinous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Bladder Granular Cell Tumor

A rare granular cell tumor arising from the bladder. Most tumors are benign.


Epididymal Cystadenoma

A benign cystadenoma in the epididymal ducts.


Venous lake

A condition that is characterized by venous dilation, which presents as soft, compressible lesions.


Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Primary

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain or the spinal cord.


Serum Calcitonin Level Increased

A laboratory test result indicating an increased concentration of calcitonin in the blood serum.


Cystic urethritis

A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the urethra.  It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the urethral wall.  The cysts are lined by urothelial cells.


Substance Withdrawal Delirium

A disorder characterized by the acute and sudden development of changes in attention, memory, language and/or perception that can be etiologically linked to the direct physiological consequences of substance withdrawal.


Venous Angioleiomyoma

A morphologic variant of angioleiomyoma characterized by the presence of thick-walled veins.


Malignant neoplasm musculoskeletal

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects muscles and bones.


Gingival odontogenic cyst

An odontogenic cyst found in the alveolar mucosa. (WHO 2017)


Direct Contact Transmission Infection

Infection produced by direct contact with another person.


Congenital hydroureter

Dilatation of the ureter caused by obstruction of urine flow that is present at birth.


Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Vulval Infection

An infectious process affecting the vulva. Causative agents include human papillomavirus, herpes virus, Trichomonas, and Candida. Symptoms include itching and pain in the genital area and discharge.


Adult Lymphocyte-Rich Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in adults.


Conjunctival Compound Nevus

A compound nevus that arises from the conjunctiva. It usually occurs in the bulbar conjunctiva, caruncle, and plica semilunaris. It is characterized by the presence of nevus cells within the epithelium and in the substantia propria. Type A nevus cells are present in the junctional nests and superficial substantia propria, and type B nevus cells are present in the deeper layers of the subepithelial compartment.


Troublesome Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that worries an individual or interrupts their ability to complete desired activities.


Childhood Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia

An acute myelomonocytic leukemia occurring in children.


Pneumococcal arthritis and polyarthritis


Third degree perineal laceration

Injury to perineum involving anal sphincter complex. (adapted from reVITALize)


Aggressive osteoblastoma

An osteoblastoma characterized by the presence of prominent epithelioid osteoblasts and recurrences.


Stage III Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T3: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum. T4: Tumor involving local extrahepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Malignant Brain Neoplasm

A malignant brain neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IB Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: (T2, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX).  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Infiltrating Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma with Glandular Differentiation

An infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the ureter that exhibits glandular differentiation.


Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with MLL Rearrangement

An acute lymphoblastic leukemia with rearrangement of the MLL (KMT2A) gene that occurs in infancy.


Multicystic mesothelioma, benign

An intermediate grade neoplasm arising from mesothelial cells. It occurs in the peritoneum, extraperitoneal space, omentum, or pelvic or abdominal viscera. It is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts lined by flattened or cuboidal mesothelial cells. There is no evidence of significant cytologic atypia or increased mitotic activity. It usually occurs in young to middle-aged women. Patients present with abdominal or pelvic mass and pain. Approximately half of the cases recur. The recurrences may appear several years after the initial diagnosis. Rare cases of transformation to malignant mesothelioma have also been described.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline ETV6 Mutation

Autosomal dominant familial thrombocytopenia associated with germline ETV6 mutation and hematologic malignancies. The hematologic malignancies reported are diverse, including myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, B lymphoblastic leukemia, and plasma cell myeloma. Non-hematological neoplasms, including colorectal adenocarcinoma, have been also reported in affected families. (WHO 2017)


supravesical fissure of urinary bladder

A urogenital anomaly characterized by infraumbilical exstrophy of a bladder open only in its upper portion and pubic diastasis.  It has been described in both males and females and may be associated with trisomy 18, omphalocele, and urethral duplication.


Lymphangitis carcinomatosa

Extensive infiltration of the lymphatic vessels by cancer cells, resulting in widespread cancer dissemination.  The lymphatic vessels appear as palpable, cord-like structures, especially in skin areas overlying the carcinoma.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T0-2, N0, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Intratubular large cell hyalinizing Sertoli cell neoplasia

A clinically benign intratubular neoplastic proliferation of large Sertoli cells in the testis. It is associated with prominent basement membrane deposits. It occurs almost exclusively in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.


Voiding Disorders

A group of conditions comprising dysfunction of the storage and elimination of urine.


Spongioneuroblastoma

A neuroectodermal tumor composed of neoplastic neural elements.


Cyst of hydatid of Morgagni

A cystic structure located between the ovary and fallopian tube.


Stage IV Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, M1b, Risk factors: unknown); IVA (Any T, M1b, Risk factors: low risk); IVB (Any T, M1b, Risk factors: high risk).  M1b: All other distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0, G1); (T1a, N0, M0, GX). T1a: Tumor invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosae. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well-differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Post-biopsy Pain

A sensation of discomfort secondary to sampling of tissue or bodily fluid.


Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

HPV-negative vulvar squamous intraepithelial proliferation characterized by atypia of the basal and parabasal keratinocytes in an otherwise well-differentiated epithelium. Despite its subtle appearance, it has a high risk of malignant transformation. (WHO 2020)


Stage II Contiguous Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Gallbladder Hyperplastic Polyp

A polypoid tumor that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of elongated, serrated crypts lined by proliferative epithelium.


Hernia of unspecified site without mention of obstruction or gangrene

The protrusion of an organ, or the fascia of an organ, through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it, without mention of obstruction or necrosis of the herniated contents.


Stage IB2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Invasive cervical carcinoma equal or more than 2 cm and less than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Combined Nevus

A nevus that contains two or more melanocytic nevus components in the same lesion. The cellular components can be any combination of any nevus variants, but most frequently, a common nevus component is combined with a blue nevus, deep penetrating nevus, or Spitz nevus component. (WHO 2018)


Luminal A Prostate Carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma associated with increased androgen receptor expression and signaling (androgen activity pathway), increased luminal markers, and a lower proliferation score than the luminal B and basal-like prostate carcinomas.


Pancreatic Medullary Carcinoma

A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by poor differentiation and a prominent syncytial growth pattern.  The prognosis is more favorable compared to conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.


Refractory Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma

Urethral urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Acute perforated appendicitis

Acute appendicitis with gangrenous changes resulting in the rupture of the appendiceal wall. The appendiceal wall rupture causes the release of inflammatory and bacterial contents from the appendiceal lumen into the abdominal cavity.


Childhood Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm


Refractory Acute Graft Versus Host Disease

Acute graft versus host disease that is resistant to treatment.


Injury of upper respiratory tract

Mechanical or chemical injuries to the upper airways, including trachea, pharynx and larynx.


Childhood Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

An anaplastic oligodendroglioma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


Refractory Uterine Corpus Cancer

Uterine corpus cancer that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

The cervical carcinoma has spread to adjacent pelvic organs. (FIGO 2018)


Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G2 that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Incontinent Epispadias

Epispadias with urinary incontinence.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Variant MLL Translocations

A term referring to acute myeloid leukemias with rearrangement of the MLL gene which results in translocations with various genes other than the MLLT3 (AF9) gene.


Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gestational trophoblastic tumor according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to kidney

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the kidney.  This may be from a primary kidney malignant neoplasm involving the opposite kidney, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Gastrointestinal Carcinomatosis

Carcinoma that has spread diffusely to the gastrointestinal system.


Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Arnica

Dermatitis caused by an allergic reaction to arnica.


Indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of gastrointestinal tract

A clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that can involve the mucosa in all sites of the gastrointestinal tract, but is most common in the small intestine and colon. The lymphoid cells infiltrate the lamina propria but usually do not show invasion of the epithelium. The clinical course is indolent, but most patients do not respond to conventional chemotherapy. A subset of cases progress to a higher-grade T-cell lymphoma with spread beyond the gastrointestinal tract. (WHO 2017)


Advanced Malignant Genitourinary System Neoplasm

A malignant genitourinary neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refluxing Obstructed Megaureter

A megaureter in which there is retrograde flow of urine and a concomitant, episodic obstruction resulting from ureteral folding.


Uterine Corpus Germ Cell Tumor

A benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the uterine corpus. Representative examples include teratoma and yolk sac tumor.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage I Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T0-2, N0, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Prostate Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of prostate adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Non-Neoplastic Appendix Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the appendix.


Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the Skin

A lymphoproliferative disorder that affects the skin.


Diffuse Astrocytoma, MYB-Altered

A rare IDH-and H3-wildtype diffuse astrocytoma characterized by the presence of a monomorphic population of neoplastic cells that exhibit alteration in the MYB gene. This alteration is associated with fusion between MYB gene and a partner gene, usually PCDHGA1, MMP16, and MAML2 genes.


Upper aerodigestive tract infection

An infectious process affecting the oral cavity, pharynx, and/or larynx.


Benign Intracranial Meningioma

A grade I, slowly growing meningioma within the cranial cavity.


Isolated Non-Pigmented Micronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia

A subtype of micronodular adrenal hyperplasia, characterized by multiple non-pigmented nodules.


Metastatic Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Fallopian Tube Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of fallopian tube carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Type E Lymphomatoid Papulosis

A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis characterized by the presence of atypical lymphocytes which exhibited distinct angioinvasion.


Benign neoplasm of lymph vessels

A benign neoplasm arising from the lymphatic vessels.


Hepatic Mass

A space-occupying pathologic process that affects the liver parenchyma.


Coup de sabre scleroderma

A type of linear scleroderma characterized by a linear, colorless, atrophied band across the forehead or scalp. This disorder can affect the tissues under or near the lesion including brain, bone and eyes.


Vulvar Merkel Cell Carcinoma

A Merkel cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It usually presents as a cutaneous nodular lesion. Most small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the vulva are Merkel cell carcinomas.


Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute

A poorly defined concept which at best is described as an extremely rare entity, possibly related to various subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia with abnormal eosinophils.  (WHO, 2001)


Stage IA Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0, G1 or GX. T1: Tumor measuring 8 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G1: Well differentiated, low grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Chondroblastoma, malignant

A rare chondroblastoma that has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Adenocarcinoma In Situ

Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Condyloma acuminata of vagina

A human papillomavirus-related neoplasm that arises from the vagina. It is characterized by papillomatosis, acanthotic changes, and hyperkeratosis. Koilocytosis is usually present.


Disease due to Papovaviridae

An infection caused by any papovavirus.


Lugano Classification Stage IIE Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IIE: Contiguous extralymphatic extension from a nodal site with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Melanoma Metastatic in the Brain

A melanoma that has spread to the brain from its original site of growth, through the hematogenous route.


Vaginal high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate or severe dysplastic changes.


Stage II Low Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


AIDS-Related Human Papillomavirus Infection

An opportunistic infection caused by the human papillomavirus in a patient with AIDS.


Stage III Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); IIIA (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC (T3c, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor involves one or both fallopian tubes, with peritoneal implants outside the pelvis.  T3a: Microscopic peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis.  T3b: Macroscopic peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3c: Peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and more than 2 cm in diameter.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


small cell carcinoma of anal canal

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Mixed cell adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a mixed malignant glandular cell population.


Chest Pain Along Left Lower Sternal Border

The location of the chest pain is along the left lower border of the sternum.


Locally Advanced Renal Pelvis and Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

Renal pelvis and ureter urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage III Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Common Carotid Trunk

Common origin for left subclavian and left carotid arteries.


Central Nervous System Rosai-Dorfman Disease

Rosai-Dorfman disease affecting the central nervous system. It presents with localized or multiple dural masses, parenchymal, and/or intrasellar lesions.


Stage IIIC2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with para-aortic lymph node metastasis. (FIGO 2018)


Malignant tumor of seminal vesicle

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the seminal vesicle.


Gallbladder Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gallbladder cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to gallbladder carcinomas. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and sarcomas are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage I Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor confined to vagina.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage 0 Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v6

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Leptomeningeal Neoplasms

A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site to the two innermost layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord.


Secondary Osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma arising from a pre-existing lesion of the bone, usually Paget disease, or due to radiation therapy.


Refractory Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A primary malignant central nervous system neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Congenital Phrenic Nerve Injury

Damage to the phrenic nerve that is present at birth.


Conjunctival Reactive Epithelial Hyperplasia

A non-neoplastic proliferation of the conjunctival epithelium in response to irritating stimuli.


Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the bladder mucosa and invades the muscle of the bladder wall.


Tearing Pain

An intense sensation of discomfort or distress that feels like being torn or ripped apart.


Stage IIA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or the mesoappendix. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Non-T Non-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Non-T non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Non-organic enuresis

Involuntary urine release that cannot be attributed to an anatomic or physiologic etiology.


Malignant Trophoblastic Teratoma

A malignant germ cell tumor which metastasizes widely and produces high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin.


Disturbance of Temperature Regulation

Any condition characterized by an inability to regulate body temperature.


Non-Destructive Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is characterized by the lack of tissue destruction and the architectural preservation of the involved tissues.  It includes two morphologic variants: plasmacytic hyperplasia and infectious mononucleosis-like lymphoproliferative disorders.


Non-T Non-B CALLA Positive Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A non-T, non-B, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which the lymphoblasts are positive for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) occurring in children.


Fibrosarcoma metastatic

Fibrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter

Reemergence of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter after a period of remission.


Gallbladder Papillary Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia that affects the gallbladder epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of intraluminal micropapillary projections.


Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6

Stage III includes: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  N1: Metastasis in one lymph node.  N2: Metastasis in two to three regional lymph nodes or intralymphatic regional metastasis without nodal metastases.  N3: Metastasis in four or more regional nodes, or matted metastatic nodes, or in-transit metastasis or satellite(s) with metastasis in regional node(s).


Neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate

A small cell or rarely a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland.


Malignant sex-cord stromal tumor

A gonadal sex cord-stromal tumor with malignant characteristics.  It includes the poorly differentiated ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, malignant ovarian granulosa cell tumor, malignant ovarian steroid cell tumor, and malignant ovarian thecoma.


Functional encopresis

An elimination disorder characterized by fecal incontinence, whether involuntary or intentional, which is not due to a medical condition and which occurs in someone who is toilet trained.


Polygonal cell carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of atypical polygonal cells with a large amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. A representative example is the fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.


IgG Monoclonal Gammopathy

An abnormal laboratory test result indicating the presence of IgG monoclonal immunoglobulin in the blood or urine.


Recurrent Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

The reemergence of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor after a period of remission.


Retinal Pigment Epithelium Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the retinal pigment epithelium. The prognosis is good if the tumor has not extended extraocularly.


Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3); MLLT3-MLL

An acute myeloid leukemia with t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3); MLLT3-MLL occurring in adults.


Lugano Classification Stage II Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Clinical Stage IIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Worst Imaginable Pain

The most severe pain an individual can conceive of experiencing.


Refractory Pancreatic Carcinoma

Pancreatic carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Lymphoma stage IV

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Brain Ependymoma

An ependymoma that arises from the brain.


T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia, Cerebriform Cell Variant

A T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of neoplastic prolymphocytes with irregular or cerebriform nuclear outline.


Gliomatosis Cerebri Type II

A classic form of gliomatosis cerebri. It is characterized by diffuse growth of neoplastic glial tissue without any focal mass.


Adnexal Secretory Carcinoma

A rare adnexal carcinoma that is histopathologically identical to homologous lesions in the salivary gland and breast. (WHO 2018)


Decreased or absent activity of the enzyme 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase due to loss-of-function mutation(s) in the CYP17A1 gene. The clinical manifestations of the deficiency are dependent on whether one or both activities of the enzyme are affected, and may include hypertension due to reduced 17-hydroxylase activity and incomplete genital masculinization in 46,XY infants due to reduced 17,20 lyase activity.


Malignant hepatobiliary neoplasms

A malignant neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma, bile ducts, and gallbladder.  Representative examples include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma.


Stage III Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, T3b, T4a, N0, M0); (T1-T4a, N1, M0); IIIB: (T1-T4a, N2, N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue). T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue. T3a: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue, microscopically. T3b: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue, macroscopically (extravesical mass). T4a: Extravesical tumor invades directly into prostatic stroma, uterus, vagina. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node). N2: Multiple regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node metastasis). N3: Lymph node metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Acquired postural kyphosis

Postural kyphosis, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Proliferative retinopathy

Retinopathy characterized by the formation of new vessels in the retina. The new vessels are abnormal and fragile. If hemorrhage occurs due to the vascular fragility, there is increased risk of vision loss or blindness.


Neonatal aspiration of amniotic fluid

Inhalation of fluid from the amniotic sac into the lungs by the neonate.


squamous cell papilloma of anal canal

A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the anal canal.  It is characterized by a papillary growth pattern and a proliferation of neoplastic squamous cells without morphologic evidence of malignancy.


Recurrent Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

The reemergence of an epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor after a period of remission.


Stage II Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage II includes: (T2, M0, Risk factors: unknown); IIA (T2, M0, Risk factors: low risk); IIB (T2, M0, Risk factors: high risk).  T2: Tumor extends to other genital structures (ovary, tube, vagina, broad ligaments) by metastasis or direct extension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Increased Pigmentation

Increase in the amount of pigment.


Anemia (mild)

Anemia not associated with symptoms of fatigue, headaches, palpitations, or shortness of breath. In asymptomatic anemia the hematocrit levels usually range from 32 to 35%.


Stage I Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I) or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site (IE). (from PDQ)


Intraocular Schwannoma

A benign schwannoma occurring in the eye.


Low LDH Level

A lower than average level of lactate dehydrogenase in a sample.


Recurrent Childhood Lymphoma

The reemergence of a childhood Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


A pilomyxoid astrocytoma occurring in the hypothalamic-chiasmatic region.


Oncotype DX Breast Cancer Recurrence Score Less than or Equal to Eighteen

A genetic finding indicating that the Oncotype DX breast cancer recurrence score for a sample was less than or equal to 18.


Relapsing classical Hodgkin lymphoma

The reemergence of classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Borderline Fallopian Tube Serous Tumor

A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by an atypical proliferation of serous-type epithelial cells without evidence of stromal invasion.


Refractory Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Neoplasm

Mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Rhesus hemolytic disease of newborn

A disorder caused when there is a Rh-factor blood-type incompatibility between the mother and fetus, and the mother's immune system forms antibodies that attack the red blood cells of her unborn child. This disorder can only occur if the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive.


Old myocardial infarction

Documented history of previous myocardial infarction (MI), typically with objective evidence via positive biomarkers of myocardial necrosis.


Infective cervicitis

An infectious process affecting the uterine cervix. Causative agents include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus. Physical examination reveals an erythematous, raised lesion in the cervix and mucopurulent discharge.


Crypt abscess (morphologic abnormality)

Accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the mucosal crypts of the colon. It occurs in ulcerative colitis.


Intraductal Hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the intraductal cells.


Infiltrating Urothelial Carcinoma, Sarcomatoid Variant

An invasive urothelial carcinoma that exhibits spindle cell sarcomatoid features.


Hypersexualism

Excessive sexual behavior.


Secondary Prostate Urothelial Carcinoma

A transitional cell carcinoma that has spread to the prostate gland directly from the bladder.


Refractory Acute Leukemia

Acute leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder

A cognitive and neurological disorder due to fetal intrauterine exposure to maternal alcohol consumption. Typically, this presents without facies or other growth abnormalities.


An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Genital leukoplakia

A clinical term used to describe hyperkeratotic epithelial white patches of the genital mucous membranes.--2004


Liver Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF.


Diffuse malignant lymphoma - large cleaved cell

Antiquated term describing non-Hodgkin lymphomas that are usually diffuse and are composed of large cells with irregular nuclei, invisible nucleoli and a small amount of cytoplasm.  This morphologic category includes both mature B- and mature T-cell lymphomas.


Stage I Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pseudomonas-Related Vasculitis

A necrotizing vasculitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Vaginal adenocarcinoma metastatic

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the vagina and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Stage III Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage III includes: III (T3, N0, M0); IIIA (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB (T1, N1, M0), (T2, N1, M0), (T3a, N1, M0), (T3b, Any N, M0). T3: Tumor extends to pelvic wall and/or involves lower third of vagina, and/or causes hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney. T3a: Tumor involves lower third of vagina, no extension to pelvic wall.  T3b: Tumor extends to pelvic wall and/or causes hydronephrosis or non functioning kidney.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia, Not Otherwise Specified, Rare Subtypes

A very rare group of mixed phenotype acute leukemias, not otherwise specified in which the blasts show clear-cut evidence of both B-cell and T-cell lineage or evidence of trilineage (B-cell, T-cell, and myeloid lineage) assignment. (WHO 2017)


A lymphoproliferative disorder caused by the human herpesvirus HHV8. This category includes HHV8-positive multicentric Castleman disease, HHV8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, and germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorders.


Unresectable Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

Ureter urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Abnormal Vital Capacity

A pulmonary function test result indicating an abnormal vital capacity as compared to the predicted value.


Fredrickson Type III lipidaemia

A laboratory test result indicating an inheritable form of dysbetalipoproteinemia, in which there are excess intermediate-density lipoproteins in the blood.


Juvenile Dermatomyositis Sine Myositis

A rare form of juvenile dermatomyositis that manifests with characteristic cutaneous findings for at least six months in the absence of any detectable muscle involvement.


Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma

Cutaneous melanoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IVA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N1, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group: Any. N1: Prostate cancer with metastases in regional node(s). M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage 0 Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis (applies only to stomach): Carcinoma in situ/dysplasia (tumor size less than 0.5 mm), confined to mucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Non-Metastatic Mass

A benign or malignant solid pathologic process that has not spread from its site of origin to another anatomic site.


Hallucinogen dependence, episodic

Physical and psychological dependence on hallucinogenics, which is associated with a pattern of episodic use.


Stage IIA Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Tumor invades the pancreas.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Unresectable Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm

A malignant digestive system neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Metastatic Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance

A condition caused by a B-cell or plasma cell clone resulting in the deposition of the secreted monoclonal immunoglobulin, without evidence for overt lymphoma or myeloma. This category includes a wide spectrum of renal pathology and include such lesions as immunoglobulin-associated amyloidosis, the monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases (MIDDs; light chain deposition disease, heavy chain deposition disease, and light and heavy chain deposition disease), proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID), C3 glomerulopathy with monoclonal gammopathy, light chain proximal tubulopathy (Fanconi syndrome), and several others.


No Radiating Chest Pain

An indication that the chest pain dose not radiate.


Exaggerated placental site

A non-neoplastic trophoblastic disorder characterized by the presence of an increased number of implantation-site intermediate trophoblasts infiltrating the endometrium and myometrium extensively. It is associated with pregnancy or abortion.


Stage III Esophageal Cancer

Stage III includes: T3, N1, M0 and T4, Any N, M0) T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4: Tumor invades adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.) -2003


Stage IV Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Scrotal Cyst

A cystic lesion located in the scrotum.


International Normalized Ratio of Prothrombin Time Level Finding

A finding that indicates the international normalized ratio of prothrombin time level in a sample.


Stage I Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Stomach: tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa and is 1 cm or less in size; duodenum /jejunum/ileum: tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa and is 1 cm or less in size; ampulla: tumor 1 cm or less; colon or rectum: tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa and is 2 cm or less.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Neonatal encephalopathy

Abnormal functioning of the central nervous system in the newborn period that may be due to a variety of etiologies including hypoxia/ischemia, metabolic disturbance, or infection.


Pre-Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of early B-lineage.


Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Neuromuscular hamartoma

A very rare intraneural mass in a large nerve characterized by the interposition of mature skeletal muscle fibers and nerve fibers.


Metastatic Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Metastatic Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

The presence of malignant Schwann cell growth (benign variant is known as neurofibroma) at a site removed from the primary site of tumor growth.


undifferentiated carcinoma of cervix

A rare carcinoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the lack of specific cellular differentiation.


Simple dislocation, multiple and ill-defined sites

Multiple bone displacements without clear distinction that are not associated with an external wound.


Refractory Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Non-muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Adult Mixed Cellularity Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Mixed cellularity classic Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in adults.


Prostate Neuroendocrine Tumor

An extremely rare slow-growing neuroendocrine tumor affecting the prostate gland.


Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia without Abnormal Eosinophils

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia without an abnormal eosinophilic component in the bone marrow.


Acquired Factor XII Deficiency

An acquired coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of factor XII activity in the blood.


Diffuse Laminar Endocervical Hyperplasia

A benign band-like proliferation of tightly-packed, small to medium sized endocervical glands below the surface of the endocervical canal.


Mesenteric abscess

An abscess that is located in any part of the tissue composing the mesentery, and that generally arises from an infection in an adjacent area of the intestine.


Accident involving aircraft, NOS

An accident taking place aboard, or involving, any type of aircraft.


Refractory Erdheim-Chester Disease

Erdheim-Chester disease that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IV Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Tumor invading the mucosa of the bladder or rectum, and/or extending beyond the true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (including peritoneal spread or involvement of the supraclavicular, mediastinal, or distant lymph nodes; lung; liver; or bone). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IV Gastric Cancer with Metastasis

T4,N2,MO (from PDQ)


Stage IIIB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T1-T2, N2a, N2b, M0. T1: Tumor confined to the vulva and/or perineum. Multifocal lesions should be designated as such. The largest lesion or the lesion with the greatest depth of invasion will be the target lesion identified to address the highest pT stage. Depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelial-stromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion. T2: Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal third of the urethra, lower/distal third of the vagina, anal involvement). N2a: Three or more lymph node metastases each less than 5 mm. It includes micrometastasis, N2mi. N2b: Two or more lymph node metastases equal to 5 mm. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Benzene-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia caused by benzene.


Decreased CYBA Expression

An indication that the expression of CYBA is lower than the normal range of values.


Oral Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia

Benign multifocal squamous epithelial proliferation affecting the oral mucosa. It is associated with human papilloma virus infection.


Syringomyelia and Hydromyelia

Syringomyelia associated with accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal cord.


Palsy of vagus nerve

Partial or complete paralysis of the vagus nerve.


Facial Nerve Palsy Related to Birth

A condition characterized by reduced or absent movement of the ipsilateral face as a consequence of an injury to the seventh cranial nerve sustained during the birthing process.


FIGO Stage IIIC Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Squamous cell carcinoma, clear cell type

A squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with clear cytoplasm.


Transitional cell cancer of renal pelvis and ureter metastatic

A transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Broad Ligament Ependymoma

A rare neoplasm that arises from the broad ligament and shows ependymal differentiation.


Appendix Serrated Lesions and Polyps

Polyps that arises from the appendix. They are characterized by the presence of serrated glands and the absence of generalized dysplasia.


Recurrent Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

The reemergence of neuroendocrine carcinoma after a period of remission.


COVID-19-Associated Ataxia

Ataxia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Positive EBV Test

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus in a biological sample.


Atypical meningioma

A WHO grade II meningioma characterized by the presence of brain invasion and an increased mitotic activity, or at least three of the following morphologic features: small cells, high cellularity, prominent nucleoli, lack of architectural pattern, and necrosis.


Stage IVA Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, Any G.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Bone island

An osteoma that develops in the medullary cavity of the bone.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising from Previous Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

An acute myeloid leukemia developing in patients with a prior history of myeloproliferative neoplasm.


Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The reemergence of hepatocellular carcinoma after a period of remission


Sinus perforation

A rupture in the sinus tissue due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


Post-Mastectomy Pain Syndrome

Chronic pain following mastectomy or lumpectomy that usually affects the anterior thorax, axilla, and/or medial upper arm.


Radiation Damage

Injury resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation.


Myxoid Glioneuronal Tumor of the Septum Pellucidum

A myxoid glioneuronal tumor that arises from the septum pellucidum.


Refractory Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Idiopathic Cytopenias of Undetermined Significance

Cytopenia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages that remains unexplained following thorough evaluation. The hematopoietic cell dysplasia is mild and does not fulfill the criteria for myelodysplastic syndrome, but the cytopenia may be severe. There is no evidence of clonal hematopoiesis or the variant allele frequency (VAF) is less that 2 percent. There is no other evidence of hematologic malignancy. It may progress to an overt myelodysplastic syndrome or other myeloid neoplasms such as acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasm, or mast cell disorder.


Refractory Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma that is resistant to treatment.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage III

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Benign squamous cell tumor

A non-metastasizing neoplasm composed of squamous cells. The neoplastic cells do not display malignant features.


Recurrent Appendix Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of appendix mucinous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Endometriosis of thorax

A condition characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue in the lung, pleura, chest wall, and/or diaphragm.


Micronodular adrenal hyperplasia

Adrenal hyperfunction associated with multiple bilateral adrenal nodules, usually less than one centimeter in diameter.


Stage I Acral Lentiginous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, without ulceration and mitosis less than 1/mm2.  T1b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, with ulceration or mitoses equal to or more than 1/mm2. T2a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


JC virus infection

An infection that is caused by JC virus.


Resectable Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Intestinal Metaplasia of Bladder Urothelium


Fistula of intestine, excluding rectum and anus

An abnormal connection between the intestine and another epithelial-lined structure, but that does not include the rectum or anus.


Pancreatic Undifferentiated Carcinoma with Rhabdoid Cells

An undifferentiated carcinoma that arises from the pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of rhabdoid cells.