macromolecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


negative regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.


(+)-taxifolin 5'-hydroxylase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-taxifolin(1-) + O2 + NADPH(4-) + H+ <=> (+)-dihydromyricetin + NADP(3-) + H2O.


3-chlorocatechol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-chlorocatechol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 <=> 4alpha-carboxy-4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


protein serine kinase activity (using GTP as donor)

Catalysis of the reactions: GTP + L-seryl-[protein] = GDP + H+ + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein].


galactose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NAD+ = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid = salicylate + CO2.


1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan chain to a primary hydroxyl group in a similar glucan chain.


positive regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + UDP-galactose = 6F-alpha-D-galactosylsucrose + UDP.


hip joint articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of hip joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzenoid + O2 = H+ + distal extradiol ring cleavage. Substrates are 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl (forms 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate) and 2,2',3-trihydroxydiphenylether (forms 2,3-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate).


negative regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase.


specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


hindgut contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


disassembly by symbiont of host cuticle

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a breakdown of the host organism cuticle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to dextromethorphan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, with other known acceptors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen reduces a known acceptor other than a cytochrome, an iron-sulfur protein, NAD, NADP, or a quinone or similar compound.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tyrosine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tyrosine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


caudal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the caudal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nucleocytoplasmic carrier activity

Binding to and carrying a cargo between the nucleus and the cytoplasm by moving along with the cargo. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


R1/R6 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R1 and R6 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


L-cysteine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + 2-oxoglutarate = mercaptopyruvate + L-glutamate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: an N-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-[protein] + L-arginyl-tRNA(Arg) = H+ + N-terminal L-arginyl-L-amino acid-[protein] + tRNA(Arg).


alpha-beta T cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


chondro-4-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate + H2O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H+ + sulfate.


mycothione reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + mycothiol = NAD(P)H + H+ + mycothione.


NADPH peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O2 + H+ + NADPH = 2 H2O + NADP+.


O antigen polymerase activity

Catalysis of the polymerization of o-antigen chains. O-antigens are tetra- and pentasaccharide repeat units of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and are a component of lipopolysaccharide.


hemocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of hemocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages at the branch points of dextrans and related polysaccharides, producing free D-glucose.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = phenylacetate + NADH + H+.


translation at postsynapse

Translation that occurs at the postsynapse.


Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group to 4-hydroxybutyrate.


specification of connecting tubule identity

The process in which the connecting tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


L-tryptophan decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + tryptamine.


myoblast fate specification involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.


positive regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


rhombomere 4 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form a tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection.


phlobaphene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.


negative regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


phosphatidylserine flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell within the dorsal ectoderm becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


negative regulation of cornification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acetylenedicarboxylate = CO2 + pyruvate.


positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


formaldehyde transketolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone.


arthrospore formation

The formation of conidia by the conversion of a pre-existing hypha. An arthrospore is produced by the last cell on a hypha breaking off and dispersing. Usually the walls thicken and the cell(s) separates before swelling of each spore. Sometimes further septa form in each cell prior to disarticulation.


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone

The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system contributing to different values of blood pressure oscillating with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


DNA alpha-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.


vanillin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.


mitochondrial RNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


amygdalin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-amygdalin + H2O = (R)-prunasin + D-glucose.


phosphate butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + phosphate = butanoyl phosphate + CoA.


negative regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.


response to pheromone regulating pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that regulates the process of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.


phytoene dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the dehydrogenation of phytoene to produce a carotenoid intermediate such as phytofluene.


peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine

The formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine from either peptidyl-tyrosine by phenyl transfer, or from peptidyl-serine, which is coupled with the formation of 5-imidazolinone by the two neighboring residues, produces an 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one active site of some amino acid ammonia-lyases; the 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one, is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the sequence ASG.


induction by virus of host cell-cell fusion

The process of syncytia-forming cell-cell fusion, caused by a virus.


growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.


negative regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campesterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + H2O + NADP.


15-cis-phytoene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> 15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate.


vancomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.


negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.


aspartate binding

Binding to aspartate, the alpha-amino-acid anion of 2-aminobutanedioic acid that has formula C4H5NO4.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


response to p-xylene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a p-xylene stimulus.


regulation of border follicle cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


response to gibberellin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


extracellular ATP signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of extracellular ATP.


steroid 17-alpha-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 17a-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O.


pantetheine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine = ADP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylthiobutyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 4-methylthiobutyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


regulation of plant organ formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ formation.


inositol 3-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


deaminated glutathione amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(4-oxoglutarate)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + L-cysteinylglycine.


oleate peroxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oleate + a lipid hydroperoxide <=> 9,10-epoxystearate + a lipid alcohol.


detection of cytokinin stimulus

The series of events in which a cytokinin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH(2). Note that this reaction has only been observed to occur in the opposite direction.


double-stranded miRNA binding

Binding to double-stranded miRNA. double-stranded miRNA is formed by processing of pre-miRNA stem-loop structures.


4 iron, 3 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 4 iron, 3 sulfur (4Fe-3S) cluster, an uncommon iron-sulfur cluster with unique properties found in oxygen-tolerant Ni-Fe hydrogenases of various bacteria.


hydroxyethylthiazole kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + ATP = 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + ADP + 2 H+.


verbascose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 stachyose <=> verbascose + raffinose.


retinal cone cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


septin ring disassembly

The controlled breakdown of a septin ring.


prenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prenol + nucleoside triphosphate = prenyl phosphate + nucleoside diphosphate activity.


(-)-lactol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-lactol + NAD <=> H+ + (-)-matairesinol + NADH.


mesonephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex

The binding of a peptide antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidized lipoprotein particle stimulus.


regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.


detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


regulation of pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction.


tensidol A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol A.


positive regulation of ascus development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


myosin II filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


wing disc pattern formation

The process giving rise to the pattern of cell differentiation in the wing imaginal disc.


negative regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = D-mannosyl undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP.


negative regulation of pharynx morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharynx morphogenesis.


quercetin gentiobioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+.


patchoulene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> diphosphoric acid + gamma-patchoulene.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.


negative regulation of toxin transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.


gibberellin-15(closed lactone form),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3beta-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A15 (closed lactone form) + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = gibberellin A37 (closed lactone form) + succinate + carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of antifungal innate immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.


coenzyme gamma-F420-2 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a coenzyme gamma-F420-2.


cellular response to platinum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.


(+)-neomenthol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-neomenthol + NADP+ = (2S,5R)-menthone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = cyanin betaine + UDP.


envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


xylan O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a xylan= CoA + an acetylated xylan.


hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process that occurs in a hippocampal neuron.


positive regulation of eosinophil extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


quercetin O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.


peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine

The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, a cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water.


cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a host species.


regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.


microglial cell migration

The orderly movement of a microglial cell from one site to another.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of a hydroxylated derivative of mandelate (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetate).


homologous chromosome orientation involved in meiotic metaphase I plate congression

The cell cycle process in which the sister centromeres of one chromosome attach to microtubules that emanate from the same spindle pole, which ensures that homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes are pulled in opposite directions at anaphase of meiosis I.


proteasome storage granule disassembly

The disaggregation of a proteasome storage granule into its constituent components.


ureide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.


positive regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: aspulvinone E + 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = aspulvinone H + 2 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = benzyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + H+ + NADPH.


ATPase-coupled arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + arsenite(in) = ADP + phosphate + arsenite(out).


lysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: sirohydrochlorin + Co2+ = cobalt-sirohydrochlorin + 2 H+.


locomotion

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.


negative regulation of Schwann cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.


peptidyl-serine O-glucuronidation

The O-glucuronidation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-D-glucuronyl-L-serine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADP <=> (2E)-2-butylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADPH + H+.


peripheral tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the periphery.


endothelin maturation

The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of endothelin by conversion of Big-endothelin substrate into mature endothelin.


regulation of metanephric podocyte development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + 7-[(3S)-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)]-wyosine37 in tRNAPhe = succinate + carbon dioxide + 7-(2-hydroxy-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-wyosine37 in tRNAPhe.


glycine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.


sensory perception of hot stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a hot temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-O-(glucosyl)-p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside] sinapoylglucose glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2'''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-p-coumaroyl)-2-O-(2-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-xylosyl)-beta-D-glucosyl]-5-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + trans-sinapate + H+.


Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides.


suppression by virus of host tetherin activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host tetherin activity. Tetherin (also known as BST2) is an alpha interferon-inducible cellular factor that impairs the release of many enveloped viruses. By blocking tetherin activity, many viruses circumvent its antiviral effects.


oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylose residues from the reducing end of oligosaccharides.


endoribonuclease activity involved in viral induction of host mRNA catabolic process

Any endoribonuclease activity that contributes to the viral-induced catabolism of host mRNA.


phototransduction, UV

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 400 nanometers.


CDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-D-glucose = CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O.


nucleate erythrocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.


regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.


gibberellin A53,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity (GA97-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A53 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A97 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


lipoteichoic acid immune receptor activity

Combining with lipoteichoic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.


Catalysis of the reaction: castasterone + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> castasterone-23-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol = UDP + N,N''-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-succinyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-succinyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


amine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an amine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated amine.


imidazolonepropionase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid + H2O = N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H+.


regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process involved in the dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylglucosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylglucosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


sulfatide binding

Binding to sulfatide, also known as 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, SM4, or sulfated galactocerebroside. Sulfatide is a class of sulfoglycolipid, which are glycolipids that contain a sulfate group.


beta-nitroacrylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitropropanoate + NADP+ = 3-nitroacrylate + H+ + NADPH.


cell-cell signaling involved in lung development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure.


iron incorporation into protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron

The incorporation of iron into a protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron (there is no exogenous sulfur, so this modification by itself does not produce an iron-sulfur protein).


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade

Any process in which a virus interferes with the JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism.


type B pancreatic cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a type B pancreatic cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


organelle localization by membrane tethering

The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + protein alpha-D-glucosyl-1,2-beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine = protein beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine + beta-D-glucose. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzes glucose from alpha-D-glucosyl- (1->2)-beta-D-galactosyl disaccharide units that are linked to hydroxylysine residues of collagen and collagen-like proteins.


negative regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.


positive regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


response to phenylalanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


[3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.


response to triterpenoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triterpenoid stimulus.


negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.


8C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 8C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + 2 H+.


response to clopidogrel

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clopidogrel stimulus. Clopidogrel is a is an oral, thienopyridine-class antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease.


cytochrome biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cytochrome.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate = CO2 + UDP-L-arabinose.


vesicle fusion with vacuole

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole.


C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 sterol decarboxylase) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxy-4-beta-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-4-alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-one + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


negative regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to iron ion starvation.


swim bladder maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a swim bladder to attain its fully functional state. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


methanol oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of methanol to methyl-Coenzyme M.


toluene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + toluene = (1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+.


protein-glutamine glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamine + H2O = protein L-glutamate + NH3.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesonephros development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the mesonephros over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


demethylkotanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of demethylkotanin.


RNA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O.


serotonin biosynthetic process from tryptophan

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


phytochromobilin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.


regulation of penetration hypha formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


multiple spine synapse organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and one or more dendritic spines.


s-triazine compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.


anterior head segmentation

Partitioning the insect head anlage into procephalic (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) segments. The procephalic segments lie anterior to the gnathal (posterior head) segments, and are pattered by different segmentation gene cascades to the abdominal, thoracic and posterior head (gnathal) segments.


succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = succinate + NADPH + 2 H+.


L-lysine 6-monooxygenase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NADPH + O2 = N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + H2O + NADP+.


placental growth factor receptor activity

Combining with placental growth factor (PlGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate L-pipecolate.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity from feruloylacetyl-CoA

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloylacetyl-CoA + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O = demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation from a neural crest cell to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


atrial cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to atrial cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.


esculetin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.


ferulate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ferulate.


modulation by virus of host cytokine production

Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-alpha-D-mannosyl)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP.


regulation protein catabolic process at synapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the synapse.


positive regulation of starch catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.


diorcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diorcinol.


non-membrane-bounded organelle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-membrane-bounded organelle.


mesonephric glomerular basement membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the mesonephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming an alpha-1,6-D-xylosyl-D-glucose linkage.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


basal dendrite development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a basal dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of motor neuron migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


viral release via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, caused by a virus stopping, preventing, or reducing peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + delta2,5-3,4,4-trimethylpimelyl-CoA.


quercetin 3-glucoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


EGAD pathway

The protein catabolic pathway which selectively extracts ER-resident membrane proteins exported to the Golgi and endosomes for degradation by cytosolic proteasomes. It begins with phosphorylation of the ER-resident membrane protein, which triggers export of the protein from the ER to the Golgi and endosomes, followed by polyubiquitination by the Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and extraction of the ubiquitinated target, and ends with proteasomal degradation.


positive regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


ATPase-coupled organic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + organic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + organic acid(in/out).


benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.


negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


glycine N-benzoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H+.


regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


seed trichome initiation

The process in which the developmental fate of an epidermal cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a seed trichome, causing a change in the orientation of cell division in the ovule epidermis at or just before anthesis.


benzoyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoyl-CoA.


egg chorion assembly

Construction of the chorion portion of the egg, which is a protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.


beta-glucan transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of beta-glucans from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-glucans are compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-glucosidic bonds.


positive regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


formation of appressorium germ tube hook structure

The development of a swollen tip at the growing end of a symbiont spore which usually flattens against the host cell surface prior to appressorium formation.


2-phosphoglycerate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycerate + ATP = 2,3-diphosphoglycerate + ADP.


alkene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in echolocation

The series of events involved in echolocation in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of a reflected sound wave (an echo), which the organism uses to determine the distance to the object that reflected the sound wave.


prostate field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D4-steroid + reduced acceptor.


mentha-1,3-dione-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mentha-1,3-dione + CoASH = 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-octyl-CoA.


fruit ripening, climacteric

A fruit ripening process that involves a burst of respiration and ethylene (ethene) evolution at the onset.


detection of injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


IDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.


aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor

An aerobic respiration process in which a sulfur-containing molecule (hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, and various polythionates) is oxidized.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = catechol + CO2 + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + laricitrin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin.


ornithine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + H+ = CO2 + putrescine.


terrein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrein, a fungal metabolite with ecological, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activities.


3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


histone H2BS36 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2B-serine (position 36) + ATP = histone H2B-phosphoserine (position 36) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 36 of histone H2B.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.


germline ring canal formation

Assembly of the cytoplasmic bridges between developing spermatogonial or oogonial cysts.


modulation by virus of host cytoplasmic transport

Modulation by an infecting virus of host cytoplasmic transport.


tryptophan dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + NAD(P)+ = (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

A conjugation process that results in the mutual exchange and union of only genetic information between compatible mating types. Conjugation without cellular fusion requires direct cellular contact between the organisms without plasma membrane fusion. The organisms involved in conjugation without cellular fusion separate after nuclear exchange.


Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + coumaroyl-CoA = 4-coumaroylshikimate + CoA.


progesterone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = A + H2O + testosterone acetate.


arabinose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, and as a polymer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


plant-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


taxane 10-beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate = 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


C-8 sterol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of sterols.


L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20).


establishment of planar polarity of follicular epithelium

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of a follicular epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.


glutaryl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + H2O = CoA + glutarate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile = UDP + (S)-4-hydroxy-mandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(37) in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + C2-methyladenine(37) in a tRNA.


negative regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.


sulfur oxygenase reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5 sulfur + oxygen + 4 H2O = sulfite + thiosulfate + 2 hydrogen sulfide + 9 H+.


ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity

A molecule that recognises toxic DNA structures, and initiates a signalling response, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


eoxin A4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene A4 = eoxin A4.


regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.


farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: farnesoic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl farnesoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


cellular response to red or far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycosaminoglycan + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylglycosaminoglycan + UDP.


circadian regulation of heart rate

Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


thiamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = ADP + 2 H+ + thiamine phosphate.


ocellus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ocellus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.


regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.


3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


mannose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose = D-fructose.


(S)-stylopine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-cheilanthifoline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-stylopine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.


blood vessel endothelial cell migration involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during intussusceptive angiogenesis.


modulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-cysteine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine.


territorial aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior performed in defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics.


alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA = (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA.


septin ring organization

Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring.


O-decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a decyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


polymyxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.


aluminum ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aluminum (Al) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O2 = CO2 + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 4-chlorophenoxyacetate.


phenanthrene 3,4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-3,4-oxide.


Golgi vesicle bud deformation and release

The process in which cytosolic coat proteins fit together in a basketlike convex framework to form a coated deformed region on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The deformed region forms into a complete vesicle and is released.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside <=> H+ + pelargonidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP.


mRNA trans splicing, via spliceosome

The joining together of exons from two different primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.


serine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-serine + CoA.


lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine by the aminoadipic pathway.


glycine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (1) glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (2) D-alanine + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (3) sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + methylamine + hydrogen peroxide; (4) N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + ethylamine + hydrogen peroxide.


L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


fibroblast growth factor production

The appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


asymmetric protein localization to old or new spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to either the old or new spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


maleate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate = H2O + maleate.


salivary gland cell autophagic cell death

The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis.


mitochondrial proliferation

The multiplication of mitochondria, resulting in the expansion of the number of mitochondria within a cell.


negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.


negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


C-X-C motif chemokine 12 receptor activity

Combining with the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue.


astrocyte chemotaxis

The directed movement of an astrocyte guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


formate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate = ADP + formyl phosphate + H+.


formimidoylglutamase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formamide.


regulation of budding cell apical bud growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


respiratory chemosensitivity

A homeostatic process by which the sensing of CO2 and/or H+ by the brain leads to appropriate altering in breathing to regulate blood gas and tissue pH.


negative regulation of cardiac chamber formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.


dormancy exit of symbiont in host

Exit from dormant state, also known as resuscitation, of the symbiont within the host organism.


metanephric long nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros.


negative regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


diferric-transferrin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: transferrin[Fe2+]2 + NAD+ = transferrin[Fe3+]2 + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> beta-sesquiphellandrene + diphosphoric acid.


radial glia-guided pyramidal neuron migration

The radial migration of a pyramidal neuron along radial glial cells.


epididymis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epididymis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops or prevents ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.


fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigaclavine C, a fungal ergot alkaloid.


signaling

The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.


hatching behavior

The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.


biphenyl catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.


detection of carbon dioxide

The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


entry of viral genome into host nucleus via retainment of capsid in nuclear pore complex and release of genome into nucleoplasm

Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid enters the host nuclear pore complex (NPC) but remains attached to the pore on the nuclear side. The capsid then disassembles, releasing the viral genome into the nucleoplasm.


aminoglycoside 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + streptomycin 6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-succinyldihydrolipoamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-N-acetylmannosaminouronate = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronosyl-1,4-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.


negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


pentitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


MHC class Ib protein complex binding

Binding to a class Ib major histocompatibility complex.


NAD-dependent histone H4K16 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.


male-female gamete recognition during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin + UDP-D-glucose = daphnin + H+ + UDP.


phthalate dioxygenase reductase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of electrons between pyridine nucleotides (obligatory two-electron carriers) and hemes or (2Fe-2S) centers (obligatory one-electron carriers) in respiration, photosynthesis, and many oxygenase systems.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(2) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + H+.


detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading

The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine + H2O + H+ = L-leucine + benzyl alcohol + CO2.


nor-spermidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid.


negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


ABC-type beta-glucan transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + beta-glucan(in) = ADP + phosphate + beta-glucan(out).


negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any canonical Wnt signaling that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of heart induction.


negative regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.


acquisition of nutrients from symbiont

The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.


positive regulation of synergid differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate 5-aminopentanamide.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetyl-mannosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetyl-mannosamine(out) = protein histidine +N-acetyl- mannosamine-6-phosphate(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate <=> mannosylfructose-phosphate + GDP.


release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria

The process in which enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, are enabled to move from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, as part of the apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide.


DNA clamp unloader activity

Facilitating the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their removal from the DNA duplex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


alpha-thujene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> alpha-thujene + diphosphoric acid.


positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


interleukin-34 production

The appearance of interleukin-34 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


epidermal stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of epidermal stem cells within a population of cells.


blood vessel endothelial cell delamination involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any blood vessel endothelial cell delamination that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


amnioserosa formation

Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift.


peptidyl-histidine guanylation

The guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.


alcohol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on an alcohol acceptor molecule.


regulation of transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-mannose(out) + Na+(out) = D-mannose(in) + Na+(in).


positive regulation of brood size

Any process that increases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


connecting tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct.


response to amino acid starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.


methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA.


N-acetylneuraminate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + H2O = phosphate + N-acetylneuraminate.


regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


phenylethylamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


cranial ganglion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized.


leucine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + H2O + NAD+ = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH.


lymphocyte anergy

Any process contributing to lymphocyte anergy, a state of functional inactivation.


cellular response to viscosity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.


maintenance of rDNA

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.


GAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAU codon.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


peptidyl-lysine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine = 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate + L-glutamate.


geranylate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylate + CoASH = trans-geranyl-CoA + OH-.


olfactory bulb axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron in the olfactory bulb is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyll a + NADP = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of CoA-transferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + myo-inositol 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-myoinositol.


acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process in which acetylcholine signaling causes vasodilation, resulting in a change in blood pressure.


RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate = AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate.


diaminopimelate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H+ = L-lysine + CO2.


poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond between the 5'-pyrimidine residue in cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) and the corresponding deoxy-D-ribose residue.


adenosylcobinamide kinase (ATP-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + ATP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP + H+.


Catalysis of the reactions: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH, and (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH + H+.


protein catabolic process in the vacuole

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.


long descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.


negative regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.


cellular response to phenylalanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


monodictyphenone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monodictyphenone.


alpha-1,3-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->3)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


cellular response to wortmannin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.


ABC-type 3',5'-cyclic GMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) = ADP + phosphate + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out).


toluene 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxytoluene.


2-alkenal reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NADP+ = alk-2-enal + NADPH + H+.


sabinene-hydrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = diphosphate + sabinene hydrate.


response to imidacloprid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an imidacloprid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenate + O2 + NADPH + H+ = pentalenolactone D + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-propionylpeptide. This reaction is the propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.


histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation.


regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NADP+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-arginine = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-ornithine.


positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal.


histone H3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


specification of segmental identity, intercalary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the intercalary segment of the anterior head, following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


positive regulation of white fat cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


homoserine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-homoserine + CoA.


U2 snRNA adenosine m6 methytransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N6-methyl-adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cellular response to sulfur starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.


beta-elemene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> beta-elemene + diphosphoric acid.


lycopene epsilon cyclase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of an epsilon ring at one end of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form delta-carotene (epsilon, psi-carotene).


4-aminobenzenesulfonate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 4-sulfocatechol.


peptidyl-serine octanoylation

The octanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


coenzyme F420 hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420 + H(2) + H+ = reduced coenzyme F420.


tungsten incorporation into tungsten-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of tungsten into a tungsten-molybdopterin complex.


positive regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ubiquinone-6 binding

Binding to ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-N-dimethylethanolamine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with two N-methylations with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine and phospho-N-methylethanolamine, followed by a downstream N-methylation on phosphatidyl-base phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.


peptidyl-tyrosine hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-esculetin + UDP + H+.


negative regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


NAD-dependent histone decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone] + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: cytosylglucuronic acid + H+ = cytosylarabinopyranose + CO2.


lauric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lauric acid, a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)10COOH. Derived from vegetable sources.


meiotic M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-glutamate.


cephalosporin C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephalosporin C.


positive regulation of oogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


protein insertion into ER membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.


positive regulation of uredinium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


vanillate O-demethylase (anaerobic) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + Co+ = Co3+-CH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


juglone 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 juglone + O2 = 2 3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + 2 H+.


imaginal disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


modification of postsynaptic structure

Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+.


DNM1L-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a DNM1L-family molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H2O = (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate.


regulation of thymine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to cytarabine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytarabine stimulus.


suppression by virus of host type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type III interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type III interferon is also known as interferon-lambda.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferide + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,4'-dimethylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans.


ribonuclease IV activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in dendrite guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in dendrite guidance.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + quinolin-2-ol = H2O + NAD+ + quinoline-2,8-diol.


The attachment of a peroxisome to a chloroplast via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


trimethylamine receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine trimethylamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an ectoderm cell.


response to very low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + pyruvate = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-alanine.


branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane

A process that hyerpolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an inhibitory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential away from the firing threshold.


1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene extradiol dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + O2 = 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H+.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission

Modulation of synaptic transmission by cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


4-methylaminobutyrate oxidase (demethylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(methylamino)butyric acid + O2 + H2O <=> gamma-aminobutyric acid + formaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


protein C-terminal leucine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-leucine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-leucine methyl ester. This modification occurs only at the oxygen atoms of the free alpha carboxyl group of a leucine residue at the C-terminus of the protein.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolinidin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> luteolinidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate.


negative regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


trimethylamine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N,N-trimethylamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N,N-trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity (SN2-16:1 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.