base of crypt of Lieberkuhn

The basal portion (further from lumen) of an intestinal crypt. Contains multipotent stem cells. Stem cells in the crypts divide to form daughter cells. One daughter cell from each stem cell division is retained as a stem cell. The other becomes committed to differentiate along one of four pathways to become an enterocyte, enteroendocrine cell, goblet cell or Paneth cell.


subcommissural organ

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The subcommissural organ is a circumventricular organ consisting of ependymal and hypendymal cells which secrete SCO-spondin[WP,partially vetted].


Fc-gamma receptor III complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RIII alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-epsilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.


brain ependyma

The ependymal cell layer that lines the brain ventricles.


ERMES complex

A protein complex that links the endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and may have a role in promoting exchange of calcium and phospholipids between the two organelles.


cytosolic oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A cytosolic complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).


plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the plasma membrane.


fatty acid elongase complex

A tetrameric complex of four different subunits which catalyzes the elongation of a fatty acid chain 2 carbon units at a time in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids.


annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis

The ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue forming the circumference of the intervertebral disc; surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which is prone to herniation when the annulus fibrosus is compromised.


vertebral vein

The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted].


ovary growing follicle

An ovarian follicle undergoing maturation.


venule of anorectum

A venule that is located in the anorectum.


epithelium of footplate

An epithelium that is part of a footplate.


inferior cerebral vein

The inferior cerebral veins, of small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres. Those on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe join the superior cerebral veins, and through these open into the superior sagittal sinus. Those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted].


platelet-derived growth factor receptor-ligand complex

A tetrameric protein complex consisting of two platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor subunits and two PDGF ligand subunits. Binding of the PDGF ligand dimer to the PDGF receptor in the plasma membrane induces receptor dimerisation and activation. PDGFs are involved in a wide variety of signalling processes and are found in all vertebrates. At least two different receptor chains (A and B) and four types of ligand chains (A, B, C, and D) are known forming a wide variety of combinations of receptor-ligand complexes.


submandibular duct

The duct of the submadibular gland that opens at the sublingual papilla near the frenulum of the tongue.


optic eminence surface ectoderm

An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition].


taurine dioxygenase complex

A protein complex capable of catalyzing the conversion of taurine and alpha-ketoglutarate to sulfite, aminoacetaldehyde and succinate under sulfur or cysteine starvation conditions. Its expression is repressed by the presence of sulfate or cysteine. In E. coli it is a homodimer or homotetramer of the protein TauD.


inferior cerebellar vein

The inferior cerebellar veins are of large size, end in the transverse, superior petrosal, and occipital sinuses. [WP,unvetted].


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)

All non-F1 subunits of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral plasma membrane proteins.


intersomitic vein

The vein that sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and then joining, and draining the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel.


differentiating neuroepithelium

A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells.


Ssh1 translocon complex

A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Ssh1p, Sbh2p, and Sss1p. The Ssh1 translocon complex is involved in the cotranslational pathway of protein transport across the ER membrane, and recognizes proteins bearing strongly hydrophobic signal sequences.


secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex

A polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex that is complexed with one chain of secretory component (SC). Polymeric IgA is present in mucosal areas, having been transported via a transcytosis mechanism in mucosal epithelial cells relying on the polymeric Ig receptor, a portion of which then remains bound to the polymeric IgA as secretory component.


eRF1 methyltransferase complex

A protein complex required for the methylation of a glutamine (Gln) residue in the protein release factor eRF1. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least Trm112p and Mtq2p.


deep external pudendal artery

The deep external pudendal artery (deep external pudic artery), more deeply seated than the superficial external pudendal artery, passes medialward across the Pectineus and the Adductor longus muscles; it is covered by the fascia lata, which it pierces at the medial side of the thigh, and is distributed, in the male, to the integument of the scrotum and perineum, in the female to the labium majus; its branches anastomose with the scrotal (or labial) branches of the perineal artery.


interleukin-10 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-10 (IL-10) and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin, an alpha and a beta chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain binds IL-10 with high affinity and subsequently binds the common beta receptor chain that forms part of multiple interleukin receptors.


mammary gland myoepithelium

The outer cell layer of the mammary gland epithelium bilayer which is located basal to the luminal (secretory) cells and adjacent to the basement membrane.


scalp

The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendonous galea aponeurotica; Loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).


interleukin-20 receptor complex

A protein complex composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit and an interleukin ligand. In human, Interleukin-19, -20 and -24 bind IL20RA/IL20RB receptor subunits and Interleukin-20 and -24 bind IL22RA1/IL20RB receptor subunits.


artery of appendix

An artery that is part of a vermiform appendix.


extraembryonic umbilical vein

Extraembryonic part of the vein passing through the umbilical cord to the fetus and returning the purified and nutrient blood from the placenta.


SCF-Skp2 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Skp2 in S. cerevisiae.


Smp focus

A DNA-binding ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a lncRNA complementary to the bound chromosomal locus and is involved in the tethering homologous chromosomes together during chromosome pairing at meiotic prophase I.


nephron tubule basement membrane

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A basement membrane that is part of a nephron tubule.


mesoderm blood island

A blood island that is part of a mesoderm.


migrating epithelium

An epithelium that extends its surface area by peripheral movement.


testicular artery

One of a pair of arteries that is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to a male gonad.


posterior ciliary vein

The outer layer of the choroid (lamina vasculosa) consists, in part, of the larger branches of the short ciliary arteries which run forward between the veins, before they bend inward to end in the capillaries, but is formed principally of veins, named, from their arrangement, the vorticose veins. They converge to four or five equidistant trunks, which pierce the sclera about midway between the sclero-corneal junction and the entrance of the optic nerve. They drain uveal tract.


middle thyroid vein

The middle thyroid vein collects the blood from the lower part of the thyroid gland, and after being joined by some veins from the larynx and trachea, ends in the lower part of the internal jugular vein.


synapsis initiation complex

A SUMO-E3 ligase complex capable of promoting synapsis, the meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase.


hindbrain arachnoid mater

An arachnoid mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition].


skin sebaceous gland

A holocrine gland of the dermis that secretes sebum into hair follicles.


right hepatic vein

A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver.


activating signal cointegrator 1 complex

A protein complex that contains TRIP4 (ASC1) and acts a transcriptional coactivator by interacting with transcription factors such as NF-kappa B. In humans this complex has 4 subunits: TRIP4 + ASCC1-3.


epithelial vesicle

A closed epithelium with a lumen.


somite 10

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 10 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


merocrine gland

An exocrine gland whose secretions are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and thence onto a bodily surface or into the lumen; the gland releases its product and no part of the gland is lost or damaged.


metanephric macula densa

The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO].


nodal receptor complex

A protein complex containing at least a type II activin receptor, a type I activin receptor, and a coreceptor (EGF-CFC protein) such as Cripto or Cryptic. Nodal receptor complexes are capable of binding a nodal protein and transducing the signal into the cell.


pelvic sucking disc

An adhesive disk modified from the pelvic fins in, for example, clingfishes (Gobiesocidae), gobies (Gobiidae) and snailfishes (Liparidae).


blood vessel of tympanic cavity

A blood vessel that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


epithelial bud

A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding.


laminin-12 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.


esBAF complex

An embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight or nine proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or an ortholog thereof. Compared to many other BAF complexes never contains ACTL6B/BAF53B, ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCA2/BRM, SMARCC2/BAF170 or SMARCD3/BAF60C but contains PHF10/BAF45A, DPF2/BAF45D and possibly one of BCL7A/B/C.


collagen type XVIII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVIII) chains.


anterior talofibular ligament

The anterior talofibular ligament is a ligament in the ankle. It passes from the anterior margin of the fibular malleolus, anteriorly and medially, to the talus bone, in front of its lateral articular facet. It is one of the lateral ligaments of the ankle and prevents the foot from sliding forward in relation to the shin.


iris epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition].


intercostal vein

The intercostal veins are a group of veins which drain the area between the ribs.


RNA polymerase I upstream activating factor complex

A complex required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrrn5p, Rrn9p, Rrn10p, histones H3 and H4, and Uaf30p.


suprarenal vein

A vein that drains the adrenal gland.


nutrient foramen vein

A vein or veins draining a bone and emerging from a nutrient foramen.


tonsil epithelium

The epithelium that forms the surface of the tonsil dips into the underlying connective tissue in numerous places, forming crypts kown as tonsillar crypts. Stratified squamous epithelium, that may be heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. Epithelial cells are present in the germinal as well as in the periphery of the nodule.


serosa of uterus

Outer serosa layer of the uterus.


venule of appendix

A venule located in the vermiform appendix.


arcuate artery of foot

The arcuate artery of the foot (metatarsal artery) arises a little anterior to the lateral tarsal artery; it passes lateralward, over the bases of the metatarsal bones, beneath the tendons of the Extensor digitorum brevis, its direction being influenced by its point of origin; and its anastomoses with the lateral tarsal and lateral plantar arteries. This vessel gives off the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries. It is not present in all individuals.


deep fascia

Deep fascia (or 'investing fascia') is a layer of fascia which can surround individual muscles, and divide groups of muscles into compartments. This is the dense fibrous connective tissue that interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body. It provides connection and communication in the form of aponeuroses, ligaments, tendons, retinacula, joint capsules, and septa. The deep fasciae envelop all bone; cartilage, and blood vessels and become specialized in muscles and nerves. The high density of collagen fibers is what gives the deep fascia its strength and integrity. The amount of elastin fiber determines how much extensibility and resilience it will have.


Cbf1-Met4-Met28 complex

A heteromeric complex consisting of Cbf1 and basic leucine zipper (bZIP) containing transcriptional activators, Met4 and Met28, that forms over the sequence TCACGTG in the upstream activating sequence (UAS) of genes involved in sulfur amino acid metabolism, resulting in their transcriptional activation.


nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.


epithelium of nasal septum

An epithelium that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition].


interopercular-mandibular ligament

Interopercular-mandibular ligament is a ligament that connects the interopercle to an element of the lower jaw, typically the retroarticular.


magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex

An intracellular enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of serine- or threonine-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes that have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase.


midbrain pia mater

A pia mater that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition].


alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-C complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor C.


lateral marginal vein

A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the short saphenous vein.


IgM immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A polymer of five or six IgM core units each composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds; the individual IgM core units are held together via disulfide bonds with a single J chain polypeptide acting as a bridge between two of the polymeric units. Circulating IgM is present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or in the blood or lymph.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


Holliday junction helicase complex

A DNA helicase complex found at Holliday junctions where the helicase activity is involved in the migration of the junction branch point. The best-characterized example is the E. coli RuvAB complex, in which a hexamer of RuvB subunits possesses helicase activity that is modulated by association with RuvA.


NarGHI complex

A heterotrimeric protein complex with iron-sulfur and molybdenum cofactors that functions as a terminal reductase in electron transport pathways that operate during anaerobic nitrate respiration. In E. coli electrons are passed from the FdnGHI complex to the NarGHI complex via menoquinone and menaquinol. Within NarGHI, electrons are passed from the two heme molecules in the NarI subunit down a Fe-S cluster chain in the NarH and NarG subunits to the Molybdenum cofactor, Mo-bisMGD, in the NarG subunit.


infrapatellar fat pad

The infrapatellar fat pad, also known as Hoffa's fat pad, is a cylindrical piece of fat that is situated under and behind the patella bone within the knee.


iron-sulfur cluster transfer complex

A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase complex, mitochondrial

A mitochondrial protein complex which is capable of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase activity. In mammals, at least, consists as a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. MCCC-alpha has a covalently bound biotin essential for the ATP-dependent carboxylation. MCCC-beta possesses carboxyltransferase activity which presumably is essential for binding to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.


lateral pretrosal artery

Part of the internal carotid which supplies blood to the ear and branches to two additional arteries.


alpha3-beta1 integrin-CD63 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD63.


G protein-coupled receptor homodimeric complex

A protein complex that contains two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the same subtype. Formation of a GPCR homodimer may be important for the transport of newly formed receptors to the cell surface, and the function of the receptor.


myosin phosphatase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from phosphomyosin. Composed of a PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c/PPP1CB) and a myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1/PPP1R12A).


zygomatico-orbital artery

The middle temporal artery occasionally gives off a zygomatico-orbital branch, which runs along the upper border of the zygomatic arch, between the two layers of the temporal fascia, to the lateral angle of the orbit. This branch, which may arise directly from the superficial temporal artery, supplies the Orbicularis oculi, and anastomoses with the lacrimal and palpebral branches of the ophthalmic artery.


cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex

The subcomplex of the cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.


anal canal epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a anal canal.


alphaM-beta2 integrin-CD63 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaM-beta2 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.


inner ear epithelium

The epithelial cell layer containing the sensory hair cells and their associated sensory nerve terminals.


capillary of small intestine

A capillary that is part of a small intestine.


m-AAA complex

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is involved in mitochondrial protein turnover and in processing of proteins imported into mitochondria.


cerebral vein

The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The external veins are the superior cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein. [WP,unvetted].


alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to protein kinase C alpha.


sinusoid

Small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP].


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk

One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.


intercostal ligament

Ligament that connects one rib to another.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-EGFR complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to epidermal growth factor receptor.


IgG immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


BIM-BCL-2 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BIM and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


retroperitoneal lymph node

A lymph node located in the retroperitoneal space.


abdominal aorta artery

An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta.


nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses endodeoxynuclease and DNA helicase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad2p and the core TFIIH-Ssl2p complex (core TFIIH is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p, Tfb4p and Tfb5p. Note that Ssl2p is also called Rad25p).


extrahepatic duct

Bile duct that collects from the intrahepatic ducts and feeds into the common bile duct.


right pulmonary vein

Vein that drains right lung and returns blood to the heart.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-gelsolin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to gelsolin.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


distal straight tubule macula densa

A macula densa that is part of an ascending limb of loop of Henle [Automatically generated definition].


A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 3 (or orthologs thereof).


oviduct epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition].


exocrine gland of integumental system

An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system.


cysteine synthase complex

Cysteine synthase is a multienzyme complex made up, in E. coli, of the heteromeric hexamer serine acetyltransferase and the homodimer O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase A.


deep cerebral vein

The deep cerebral veins are a group of veins in the head. This group includes the superior thalamostriate vein.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-b4, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to high mobility group box 1 protein.


transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1 complex

A protein complex that possesses protein kinase activity and activates the I-kappa B kinase complex (IKK) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in response to TRAF6 signaling. It comprises the catalytic subunit TAK1 complexed to the regulatory subunits, termed TABs (TAK1-binding subunits).


Bre1-Rad6 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of Bre1 and Rad6 that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1. H2BK123ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, elongation by RNA polymerase II, telomeric silencing, and is also a prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. It also modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis.


upper eyelid epithelium

An epithelium that is part of an upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition].


laminin-8 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


marginal venous sinus

A paired dural venous sinus at the rim of the foramen magnum.


somite 11

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 11 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


intraorbital lacrimal gland

A lacrimal gland located superficially at the lateral canthus, where both the lacrimal gland and Harderian gland ducts open.


non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus.


myosin XI complex

A myosin complex containing a dimer of class XI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin XI heavy chain sizes are similar in molecular structure to the class V myosins with 5 to 6 IQ motifs and tail regions with predicted coiled coil domains (forming dimeric molecules) and large C-terminal regions.


Jacobson's vein

Either of a pair of veins which receives many small vesicles from the kidney and collects blood from the oviducal vein.


cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)

Cytosolic complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.


dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+) complex

A heteromultimeric complex capable of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+); in E. coli, composed of PreA and PreT.


lateral thoracic vein

The lateral thoracic vein is a tributary of the axillary vein. It runs with the lateral thoracic artery and drains the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle. Normally, the thoracoepigastric vein exists between this vein and superficial epigastric vein (a tributary of femoral vein), to act as a shunt for blood if the portal system (through the liver) develops hypertension or a blockage. [WP,unvetted].


ciliated columnar epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA].


lower jaw incisor epithelium

A dental epithelium that is part of a lower jaw incisor.


skin of elbow

A zone of skin that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition].


heart blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition].


inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein

A blood vessel running parallel to the inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery that drains blood from the pancreas and duodenum into the splenic vein.


homodimeric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex

A homodimeric complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.


mesonephric nephron epithelium

The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO].


capillary

Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules.


epithelium of large intestine

An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].


nuclear proteasome regulatory particle

The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.


ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium

A ciliated columnar epithelium that is part of a oviduct.


arterial blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta.


phrenic vein

The veins that run parallel to the phrenic arteries which include the two superior and two inferior phrenic veins.


larynx mucous gland

A mucous gland that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition].


greater omentum mesothelium

A mesothelium that is part of a greater omentum.


cytosolic alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Cytosolic complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.


DNA helicase A complex

A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; associates with DNA polymerase alpha-primase and translocates in the 5' to 3' direction.


swim bladder artery

An elaborate set of vessels that branche off caudally from the anterior mesenteric artery just after the dorsal aorta. The SBA vascular loops are located on the ventral side of the swim bladder. Isogai et al. 2001.


histone H3-containing nucleosome

A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins containing the histone H3, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


retina blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition].


MIB complex

A mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging complex consisting of components of the MICOS complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the SAM complex in the outer membrane, a conserved DNAJ protein (human DNAJC11) and Metaxin 1.


Complex that possesses imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity.


pararenal fat

The paranephric body (or paranephric fat or pararenal fat) is collection of adipose tissue located superficial to the renal fascia. The perirenal fat, or adipose capsule of kidney, is deep to the renal fascia but superficial to the renal capsule.


base of crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine

A base of crypt of Lieberkuhn that is part of a large intestine.


fascia lata

The deep fascia of the thigh. [WP,unvetted].


fundic gastric gland

The fundus glands (or fundic glands, or gastric glands) are found in the body and fundus of the stomach. They are simple tubes, two or more of which open into a single duct.


A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA), phospholipase C-gamma-1 (PLC-gamma-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.


endoderm of midgut

An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition].


renal portal vein

A portal vein that empties into capillaries within the kidneys.


left subcostal vein

A vein that extends along the bottom of the twelfth rib on the left side of the body.


vein of upper lip

The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip.


Wpl/Pds5 cohesin loading/unloading complex

A eukaryotically conserved heterodimeric protein complex (comprising Wings apart-like protein and the Pds5 Armadillo repeat cohesin associated protein) involved in the loading and unloading of a cohesin complex onto DNA.


hyaloid vessel

A blood vessel that is associated with the lens. In mammals, this is transient and normally nourishes the retina, immature lens and primary vitreous of the developing eye.


upper leg epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].


coronary sinus

The short trunk that recieves most of the cardiac veins carrying the blood from the myocardium and delivers it to the right atrium, with the sinoatrial connection occurring between the inferior vena cava and the atrioventricular orifice.


non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue

Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.


medial-nasal process ectoderm

An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition].


U11/U12 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U11 and U12 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.


transmembrane collagen trimer

Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane.


facial lymph node

Any of the lymph nodes that are part of a face.


appendicular artery

An artery that commonly arises from the terminal branch of the ileocolic artery, or less commonly from the posterior cecal artery or an ileal artery.[1][2] It descends behind the termination of the ileum and enters the mesoappendix of the vermiform appendix. It runs near the free margin of the mesoappendix and ends in branches which supply the appendix.


vein of trabecular bone

A portion of vein that is part of a trabecular bone tissue [Automatically generated definition].


phospholamban complex

A protein complex found as a homopentamer of the phospholamban (PLN) protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac PLN is a main determinant of muscle contraction and relaxation, by regulating intracellular calcium levels.


lipid tube

A macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat.


epithelium of lens

A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye.


basilic vein

A superficial vein of the upper limb that drain parts of manus and forearm.


gastric lymph node

A lymph node along the left gastric artery or greater omentum.


nitric-oxide synthase complex

A protein complex which is capable of nitric-oxide synthase activity.


bacterial pre-replicative complex

A protein-DNA complex that forms at the bacterial oriC during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD81 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD81, a member of the tetraspan family.


skeletal muscle endomysium

Reticular tissue which surrounds a skeletal muscle cell.


artery of lower lip

The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery.


integrin alpha4-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-D complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor D.


proper hepatic artery

The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery.


plastid large ribosomal subunit

The larger of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


ankyrin-1 complex

A complex composed of ANK1, RHCE, RHAG, SLC4A1, EPB42, GYPA, GYPB and AQP1, that functions in the stability and shape of the erythrocyte membrane in human.


lymph node of inferior pulmonary ligament


pelvic lymph node

Any lymph node within the abdominal pelvic region.


skin of pes

A zone of skin that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition].


hemiazygos vein

The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column.


pre-primosome complex

Any of the protein-DNA complexes that contain a DNA helicase and associated protein(s) at the origin of replication, and build up to assembling the core primosome. The associated protein(s) chaperone the helicase to the DNA, and assembly of the pre-primosome is essential for the initiation or restart of replication. Pre-primosome complexes lack a primase component.


annulus fibrosus

A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart).


silver ion transmembrane transporter complex

A protein complex which is capable of silver ion transmembrane transporter activity.


ERBB4-ERBB4 complex

A homodimeric complex containing two monomers of the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 (also called HER4).


RNA polymerase IV complex

RNA polymerase IV is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol IV is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. The largest and second-largest subunits of Pol IV are the catalytic subunits and share similarity with the corresponding subunits of other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase V, while the largest subunit is found only in RNAP IV complex.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-tumstatin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tumstatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen.


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, integrated substrate binding

A complex for the transport of metabolites out of the cell, consisting of 4 domains: two ATP-binding domains and two membrane spanning domains. In some cases, all 4 domains are contained on 1 polypeptide, while in others one ATP-binding domain and one membrane spanning domain are together on one polypeptide in what is called a half transporter. Two half-transporters come together to form a functional transporter. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


prevertebral cervical fascia

The prevertebral fascia (or prevertebral layer of cervical fascia) is a fascia in the neck.


dorsal metatarsal vein

The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted].


manual digit 3 epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 3.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-2.


left hepatic artery

A hepatic artery that is part of a left lobe of liver.


potassium ion-transporting ATPase complex

Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in). It is a high affinity potassium uptake system. The E. coli complex consists of 4 proteins: KdpA is the potassium ion translocase, KdpB is the ATPase, and KdpC and KdpF seem to be involved in assembly and stabilization of the complex.


jejunal vein

A tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that drains the jejunum.


hepatic duct

Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion).


epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine


Ddb1-Wdr21 complex

A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Wdr21 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.


Shc-Grb2-Sos complex

A protein complex that contains Grb2, the adaptor protein Shc and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


perimysium

The fibrous sheath enveloping each of the primary bundles of skeletal muscle fibers.


lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane.


hyponychium

Epithelium located beneath the nail plate at the junction between the free edge and the skin of the fingertip. It forms a seal that protects the nail bed.


i-AAA complex

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases.


IgM immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and in its circulating form complexed with J chain in polymeric forms. An IgM immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


posterior ethmoidal artery

The posterior ethmoidal artery is an artery of the head. It is smaller than the anterior ethmoidal artery, branches off from the ophthalmic artery when it reaches the medial wall of the orbit.


photosystem I reaction center

A photochemical system containing P700, the chlorophyll a dimer that functions as a primary electron donor. Functioning as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.


hemipenial mucuous gland

A gland within the hemipenial sheath that provides lubrication for the hemipenis.


mediastinal lymph node

A lymph node that is part of a mediastinum. Each consists of several lymph node groups, especially along the trachea (5 groups), along the esophagus and between the lung and the diaphragm. In the mediastinal lymph nodes arises lymphatic ducts, which draines the lymph to the left subclavian vein (to the venous angle in the confluence of the subclavian and deep jugular veins). The mediastinal lymph nodes along the esophagus are in tight connection with the abdominal lymph nodes along the esophagus and the stomach. That fact facilitates spreading of tumors cells through these lymphatics in cases of cancers of the stomach and particularly of the esophagus. Through the mediastinum, the main lymphatic drainage from the abdominal organs goes via the thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus), which drains majority of the lymph from the abdomen to the above mentioned left venous angle.


epithelial sheet

An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.


maltose transport complex

Protein complex facilitating ATP-dependent maltose transport through inner cell membrane (periplasm to cytoplasm) in Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli the system is composed of a periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP), two integral membrane proteins, MalF and MalG, and two copies of the cytoplasmic ATP-binding cassette MalK.


endothelial blood brain barrier

A blood brain barrier that is composed of endothelial cells.


gonadal vein

In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted].


plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria.


hepatic sinusoid of left of lobe of liver

A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a left lobe of liver.


ecto-epithelium

Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified].


lens vesicle epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle.


endocardium of right ventricle

Any endocardium that is part of the right ventricle of the heart.


lateral nasal gland

Any of the lateral nasal glands (the largest nasal secretory glands in rodents) which surround the maxillary sinus located in the lateral wall adjacent to each nasal passage and are characterized by cytologic features similar to those described for the major serous salivary glands; secretory contents of the LNG drain into the nasal vestibule; the LNG is a major site for the synthesis and secretion of odorant-binding proteins that serve as odorant carriers in nasal mucus; it also, synthesizes large amounts of immunoglobulin A, which is important for immune defense of the upper respiratory tract, and testosterone and salivary androgen-binding proteins, which are likely important in olfaction and reproductive behavior.


kidney epithelium

The cellular avascular layer of the kidney luminar surfaces.


labial gland

The labial gland is one of the minor salivary glands, located mainly under the mucosal epithelium of the upper and lower lip and within the orbicularis oris muscle fibers. The labial gland secrete mucous and serous substances to maintain oral health. In particular, the inferior labial gland not only promotes moisturization in the oral cavity but also secretes substances with antibacterial effects.


cephalic neural fold

The elevated margins of the neural groove that are located in the future cephalic region of the embryo.


gastric gland

The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin.


epithelium of incisor

An epithelium that is part of a incisor tooth [Automatically generated definition].


cavernous artery

Any of several small branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the trigeminal ganglion and the walls of the cavernous and petrosal sinuses.


Pip2-Oaf1 complex

A heterodimeric complex consisting of Zn(2)Cys(6) containing transcription factors Pip2 and Oaf1. It binds to the oleate response element (ORE), found in the promoters of fatty acid-inducible genes in Saccharomyces where, in the presence of oleate this bound complex activates the transcription of genes encoding peroxisomal proteins.


median sacral artery

The median sacral artery (or middle sacral artery) is a small vessel, which arises from the back of the aorta, a little above its bifurcation. It descends in the middle line in front of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebræ, the sacrum and coccyx, and ends in the glomus coccygeum (coccygeal gland). From it, minute branches are said to pass to the posterior surface of the rectum. On the last lumbar vertebra it anastomoses with the lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery; in front of the sacrum it anastomoses with the lateral sacral arteries, and sends offsets into the anterior sacral foramina. It is crossed by the left common iliac vein, and is accompanied by a pair of venæ comitantes; these unite to form a single vessel, which opens into the left common iliac vein.


Kv4.2-Kv4.3 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv alpha subunits 4.2 and 4.3.


A protein complex that is involved in the transfer of the second mannose to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) during GPI precursor assembly. In yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of GPI18p and PGA1p.


left extraembryonic umbilical vein

An extraembryonic umbilical vein that is in_the_left_side_of a multicellular organism.


superoxide dismutase complex

A protein complex which is capable of superoxide dismutase activity.


endo-epithelium

Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA].


vacuolar HOPS complex

Any HOPS complex that is part of a vacuolar membrane.


enveloping layer of ectoderm

Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo.


forebrain neural plate

A neural plate that develops_from a future forebrain.


pharyngeal arch artery 4

The vessels formed within the fourth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis.


renal lymph node

A lymph node that is located in a kidney [Automatically generated definition].


enzyme IIA-maltose transporter complex

A protein complex consisting of the pentameric maltose transporter complex bound to two enzyme IIA (EIIA) molecules. EIIA is a component of the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system that inhibits maltose transport from the periplasm to the cytoplasm. When EIIA-bound, the maltose transporter remains in the open, inward-facing conformation, which prevents binding of maltose-loaded maltose binding protein (MBP) to the transporter.


cytosolic tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex

Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the cytosol, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.


superficial lymph node

A lymph node that is located close to the surface.


mesentery of rectum

A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition].


thyroid follicle epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a thyroid follicle.


dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt1p-Pmt3p dimer complex

A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt1p-Pmt3p.


mesentery of stomach

The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum.


venule

One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins.


integrin alpha5-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha5 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


galectin complex

A homodimeric protein complex that is capable of binding a range of carbohydrates and is involved in anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic processes.


laminin-4 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


external soft tissue zone

A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures.


trunk somite

A somite that is part of a trunk.


mammary branch of internal thoracic artery


eukaryotic 80S initiation complex

A protein complex composed of the large and small ribosomal subunits, methionyl-initiatior tRNA, and the capped mRNA. The initiator tRNA is positioned at the ribosomal P site at the AUG codon corresponding to the beginning of the coding region.


BAX complex

An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAX, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


clathrin coat of synaptic vesicle

A clathrin coat found on a synaptic vesicle.


acetolactate synthase complex

A dimeric (a large and a small chain) or tetrameric (two large and two small chains) enzyme complex. Catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from pyruvate.


translation initiation complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a ribosome, mRNA, and initiator tRNA; the functional ribosome is at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.


EFF-1 complex

A trimeric cell-cell fusion complex that serves as a scaffold for zippering up the extracellular domains, bringing the transmembrane segments into close proximity such that they can continue zippering within the two membranes into one. Two prefusion monomers cluster at the surface of adjacent cells. Parallel EFF-1 interactions occur across cells and a third monomer, which can come from either cell, adds on to make an intermediate, extended trimer.


orbital fat pad

A fat pad that is part of a orbital region.


lacrimal vein

A vein that drains a lacrimal gland.


foregut epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a foregut.


Harderian gland epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a Harderian gland [Automatically generated definition].


upper arm blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].


somite 30

Posteriormost undifferentiated mesodermal component of early tail segment or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epididymal fat pad

Encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the epididymis.


mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species. The complex contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule in yeast (PMID:12045094), but comprises three proteins and lacks an RNA component in humans.


integrin alphav-beta6 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta6 subunit.


anal membrane endodermal component

An endoderm that is part of a anal region.


epithelium of endolymphatic sac

An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic sac [Automatically generated definition].


myoepithelium

An epithelium consisting of myopethelial cells, which are contractile cells resembling smooth muscle cells that are present in glands, notably the mammary gland, and aid in secretion. This cell has long weaving dendritic processes containing myofilament[CL].


ovarian follicle stage III

Stage III (340-690 microns) are vitellogenesis. Selman et al, 1993.


pars distalis of adenohypophysis

The distal part of adenohypophysis: the part that makes up the main body of the gland.


crus commune epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a crus commune.


oligosaccharyltransferase II complex

An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTII complex has intermediate affinity for ribosomes.


mitotic nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex

A protein complex capable of interacting with the spindle pole body and the nuclear envelope, in order to embed the spindle pole body in the nuclear envelope at fusion sites of the inner and outer nuclear membrane.


somite 26

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early tail segment 26 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


integrin alphaE-beta7 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaE subunit and one beta7 subunit.


thoracic thymus

A mature thymus that is entirely part of thoracic region.


tongue keratinized epithelium

A keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue.


IgY immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgY isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgY immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


paired fin

Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism.


interdigital gland

A skin gland found in the interdigital region of some mammals.


main bronchus

One of two branches of the trachea.


intestinal bulb epithelium

Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the intestinal bulb.


lobar bronchus of right lung

A lobar bronchus that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition].


mucosa

A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP].


frontonasal process epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a frontonasal prominence.


systemic artery

An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.


secondary cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue that is part of the exoskeleton, deposited adjacent to bone after bone formation.


nerve of clitoris

Any nerve that innervates the clitoris.


autonomic nerve plexus

A nerve plexus that is part of an autonomic nervous system [Automatically generated definition].


enteric plexus

A plexus of autonomic nerve fibers within the wall of the digestive tube, and made up of the submucosal, myenteric, and subserosal plexuses; it contains visceral afferent fibers, sympathetic postganglionic fibers, parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers, and parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies.


oral disk

Lip that is expanded to form a broad, rounded cup around the mouth.


neural tissue

Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature.


arrector pili muscle of vibrissa

An arrector muscle of hair that is part of a vibrissa hair.


dorsal motor nucleus trigeminal nerve

Trigeminal motor nucleus that is located dorsal to the lateral longitudinal fascicle.


ventral motor nucleus trigeminal nerve

Trigeminal motor nucleus that is located at the ventrolateral edge of the lateral longitudinal fascicle.


isthmic primary nucleus

Sensory trigeminal nucleus located in the most rostral position.  It lies immediately caudal to the secondary gustatory nucleus.


middle lateral line nerve

Nerve fibers originating from the middle lateral line ganglion. These fibers innervate the middle lateral line.


surface structure

Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism.


nucleus of the descending root

Sensory trigeminal nucleus that lies at the mediodorsal edge of the descending trigeminal root (DV).  This nucleus is not clearly delineated.


diencephalic white matter

White matter that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition].


hyoideomandibular nerve

Nerve that is a branch of cranial nerve VII that passes through or around the suspensorium to innervate muscles and sensory organs on or near pharyngeal arch 2.


lower lip

Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO].


upper lip

Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO].


white matter

Neural tissue consisting of myelinated axons connecting grey matter areas of the central nervous system.


hindbrain nucleus

Nucleus located within the hindbrain.


medial funicular nucleus trigeminal nuclei

Sensory trigeminal nucleus located at the end of the medulla oblongata.


ventral anterior lateral line nerve

Nerve fibers originating from the ventral anterior lateral line ganglion. These rami innervate the mandibular and opercular neuromasts.


lateral line nerve

Cranial nerves that carry afferent and efferent fibers for the lateral line system.


nucleus of brain

A neural nucleus that is part of the brain.


posterior lateral line nerve

Cranial nerve which enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines.


ampullary nerve

A branch of the 8th cranial nerve that innervates the cristae ampullaris.


anterior lateral line nerve

Cranial nerve which enters the brain between cranial nerves VI and VII; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the anterior lateral line ganglia.


gray matter

A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons.


terminal nerve

The terminal nerve, located anterior to cranial nerve I, is comprised of a group of cells with somata adjacent to the olfactory bulb and processes that extend anteriorly to the olfactory epithelium and posteriorly to the telencephalon. In teleost fish an additional group of axons extends along the optic tract and delivers putative neuromodulators to the retina. It is thought to develop from cranial neural crest.


secondary gustatory nucleus trigeminal nuclei

Nucleus that lies rostral to the isthmic primary nucleus.


dorsal anterior lateral line nerve

Nerve fibers originating from the dorsal anterior lateral line ganglion. These rami innervate the otic, supraorbital, and infraorbital neuromasts.


Triangular-Hamate Joint

The articulation between the hamate and the triquetral bones in the wrist.


lower arm connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition].


quinone

Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).


Vitamin K

Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.


A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.


hydroxyanthraquinones

An anthraquinone substituted with one or more hydroxy groups.


prenylquinone

A quinone substituted by a polyprenyl-derived side-chain. Prenylquinones occur in all living cells. Due to their amphiphilic character, they are mainly located in biological membranes where they function as electron and proton carriers in the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains. Some prenylquinones also perform more specialised roles sucy as antioxidants and enzyme cofactors. Prenylquinones are classified according to ring structure: the main classes are menaquinones, phylloquinones, ubiquinones and plastoquinones.


acenoquinone

Quinones containing an acene fused ring system.


p-quinones

A quinone in which the two oxo groups of the quinone are located para to each other on the 6-membered quinonoid ring.


A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.


A naphthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the parent naphthalene ring.


hydroxyquinone

Any quinone in which one or more of the carbons making up the quinone moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group.


mesopodium region

The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus).


N-acetylglucosamine

An N-acylglucosamine where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.


enol ether

Ethers ROR' where R has a double bond adjacent to the oxygen of the ether linkage.


(R)-Bifonazole

A 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole that is the R-enantiomer of bifonazole.


A axonemal microtubule

A complete microtubule with 13 protofilaments that fuses with an incomplete microtubule called B tubule (containing 10 protofilaments only) to form an axonemal outer doublet. Inner and outer dynein arms, as well as the radial spoke, are attached to the A tubule.


supramolecular complex

A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber.


skeletal muscle myofibril

A myofibril of a skeletal muscle fiber.


dendritic microtubule

Any microtubule in a dendrite, a neuron projection.


fibronectin fibril

A supramolecular fiber formed from fibronectin molecules. The fibrils are 5 to 25nm in diameter and can form branched meshworks.


intraconoid microtubule

A microtubule located such that it threads through the conoid and projects through the polar ring.


supramolecular polymer

A polymeric supramolecular structure.


post-anaphase array microtubule

Any microtubule that is part of a post-anaphase microtubule array.


mitotic spindle polar microtubule

Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone.


meiotic spindle astral microtubule

Any of the meiotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.


actomyosin contractile ring actin filament

Any actin filament that is part of a actomyosin contractile ring.


subpellicular microtubule

Singlet microtubule that lie underneath the inner membrane pellicle complex and emanate from the basal ring of the conoid.


cortical microtubule

Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane in the cortical cytosol.


cardiac myofibril

A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


actin filament of cell cortex of cell tip

Any actin filament that is part of a cell cortex of cell tip.


C2 axonemal microtubule

One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C1 axonemal microtubule (also called C1 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.


horsetail-astral microtubule array

An array of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis and facilitates horsetail nuclear movement.


intranuclear rod

A macromolecular fiber consisting of actin and cofilin that is formed in the nucleus as a consequence of chemical or mechanical stress conditions.


mitotic spindle microtubule

Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.


glial filament

An intermediate filament composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and found in astrocytes.


mitotic spindle kinetochore microtubule

Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic chromosome segregation.


cytoophidium

A subcellular filamentary structure where CTP synthase is compartmentalized in a range of organisms including bacteria, yeast, fruit fly, rat and human.


B axonemal microtubule

An incomplete microtubule containing 10 protofilaments that fuses with a complete microtubule called A tubule (containing 13 protofilaments) to form an axonemal outer doublet.


cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis

Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.


C1 axonemal microtubule

One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C2 axonemal microtubule (also called C2 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.


nuclear microtubule

Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell.


A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of the ring nitrogen of pyridoxal.


DL-Alanine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


hypaxial region somite 28

The hypaxial region of somite 28 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle fiber

A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a skeletal muscle fiber.


intestinal mucosal muscle

A thin layer of smooth muscle immediately beneath the base of the villi which permits the intestinal mucosa to dynamically move and fold.


muscularis mucosae of appendix

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a vermiform appendix.


muscularis mucosae of jejunum

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a jejunum.


muscularis mucosae of small intestine

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a small intestine.


large intestine smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].


small intestine smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].


muscularis mucosae of colon

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a colonic mucosa.


muscularis mucosae of duodenum

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a duodenum.


muscularis mucosae of intestine

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a intestine.


muscularis mucosae of large intestine

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a large intestine.


sural nerve

The sural nerve (short saphenous nerve), formed by the junction of the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal anastomotic branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, passes downward near the lateral margin of the tendo calcaneus, lying close to the small saphenous vein, to the interval between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus. It runs forward below the lateral malleolus, and is continued as the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve along the lateral side of the foot and little toe (via a dorsal digital nerve), communicating on the dorsum of the foot with the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve, a branch of the superficial peroneal. In the leg, its branches communicate with those of the posterior femoral cutaneous.


iodothyronine

An  iodoamino acid in which the amino acid specified is  thyronine.


organoiodine compound

An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond.


iodoamino acid

An amino acid containing at least one iodo substituent.


germ tube septin cap

A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.


cytoskeleton

A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.


actin cytoskeleton of dendritic spine

The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a dendritic spine.


hyphae septin collar

A septin collar in pathogenic fungi involved in the constriction of hyphae at the plant plasmodesma enabling penetration of an adjacent cell.


prospore septin filament array

Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures; observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation.


septin filament array

Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Such structures have been observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation in S. cerevisiae and in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation in C. albicans.


postsynaptic septin cytoskeleton

The portion of the septin cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


mating projection septin ring

A septin ring, i.e. a ring-shaped structure composed of septins and septin-associated proteins, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection). The septin ring in the neck of a shmoo may act as a barrier to localize mating factors in the shmoo tip.


postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse.


septin ring

A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament-forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. This type of septin structure is observed at the bud neck of budding fungal cells, at the site of cell division in animal cells, at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection, and also within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form.


septin collar

A tubular, hourglass-shaped structure composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments; in budding yeast cells, the septin collar forms from the initial septin ring by expanding into the daughter cell.


postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse.


germ tube septin ring

A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within the germ tube of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


split septin rings

A pair of rings that flank the site of cell division, formed by splitting of the septin ring (or collar) prior to cytokinesis; this double ring structure is thought to trap proteins needed for cytokinesis or the formation of the new membrane or cell wall between the two septin rings. Split septin rings are known to occur in budding yeast cells and probably occur in other cell types as well.


presynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse.


prospore septin ring

A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis in a prospore; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


chlamydospore septin filament array

Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Observed in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation.


hyphal septin cap

A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in hyphae of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.


septin cap

A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes and hyphae in fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.


pseudohyphal septin ring

A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


cellular bud neck septin ring

A ring-shaped structure that forms at the site of cytokinesis in the bud neck of a budding cell; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. In S. cerevisiae, this structure forms at the time of bud emergence and the septins show a high rate of exchange.


presynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse.


hyphal septin ring

A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


cellular bud neck split septin rings

Two separate septin rings that are formed from the septin collar at the time of cytokinesis in cells that divide by budding. These two rings are thought to delineate a special compartment in which factors involved in cytokinesis are concentrated.


medial cortex septin ring

A ring-shaped structure that forms at the medial cortex of a symmetrically dividing cell at the onset of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


The portion of the spectrin-associated cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


benzyl alcohols

Compounds containing a phenylmethanol skeleton.


Ritodrina

A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.


respiratory system elastic tissue

An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


trachea elastic tissue

An elastic tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition].


lung elastic tissue

Elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition].


hemiaminal

Any organic amino compound that has an amino group and a hydroxy group attached to the same carbon atom. Hemiaminals are intermediates in the formation of imines by addition of an amine to an aldehyde or ketone; those derived from primary amines are particularly unstable.


host cell endocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endocytic vesicle.


esterosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an esterosome. This membrane has characteristics of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membranes.


ankle nerve

A nerve that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition].


A member of the class of quinolones that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by oxo groups.


Any hydroxyflavanone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3' of the phenyl ring.


hydroxyflavanone

A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more hydroxy substituents.


Any  oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.


(R)-Ketamine

The R- (less active) enantiomer of ketamine.


Any oxo steroid where an oxo substituent is located at position 3.


Any methoxyflavanone having a methoxy substituent located at position 4'.


cyclohexanones

Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


flavanones

Members of the class of flavans with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Any 3-oxo steroid that contains a double bond between positions 1 and 2.


alicyclic ketone

A cyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.


methoxyflavanone

A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more methoxy substituents.


A 3-oxo steroid that has alpha configuration at position 5.


A 3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid containing an additional double bond between positions 4 and 5.


A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


monomethoxyflavanone

Any methoxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a methoxy group.


Esketamine

The S- (more active) enantiomer of ketamine.


dihydroxyflavanone

Any  hydroxyflavanone carrying two hydroxy substituents.


A dicarboximide that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a p-bromophenyl group.


epihyal-branchiostegal ray joint

Joint that articulates the epihyal and branchiostegal ray bones. Epihyal-branchiostegal ray joint is paired.


trunk taste bud

A taste bud that is located on the skin of the trunk.


enamide

An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid amide of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)NR(4)R(5) in which the amide C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


trunk bone

A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].


thoracic segment bone

A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


abdominal segment bone

A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition].


distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 2

A distal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2.


Metacarpophalangeal Joint 3

A condyloid synovial joint within the third digit of the hand connecting the metacarpal to the proximal phalanx.


Skinfold

Integument that folds in upon itself.


hemiacetal

A compound having the general formula RR'C(OH)OR'' (R'' =/= H).


lactol

Cyclic hemiacetals formed by intramolecular addition of a hydroxy group to an aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl group. They are thus 1-oxacycloalkan-2-ols or unsaturated analogues.


cyclic hemiketal

A hemiacetal  having the structure R2C(OH)OR (R =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The term 'cyclic hemiketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.


hemiketal

A hemiacetal having the structure RR(1)C(OH)OR(2) (R, R(1), R(2) =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group.


pyridinecarboxamide

A member of the class of pyridines that is a substituted pyridine in which at least one of the substituents is a carboxamide or N-substituted caraboxamide group.


epaxial region somite 28

The epaxial region of somite 28 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 [Automatically generated definition].


host cell Golgi apparatus

A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic host cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.


autonomic nerve

The autonomic nerve is a small nerve which carries postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons from the zygomaticotemporal nerve; a branch of the maxillary nerve, to the lacrimal nerve; a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. These neurons derive from the superior cervical ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion respectively. They will travel to the lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve. Parasympathetic will induce lacrimation and vice versa.


valve of inferior vena cava

The semicircular fold of endocardium located on the right atrium at the point of attachment of the inferior vena cava; during development this valve helps direct the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the right atrium into the left cardiac atrium via the foramen ovale (preventing blood flowing into the right ventricle).


2-furoate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is 2-furoic acid.


tertiary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a secondary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1)R(2).


4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.


DL-Adrenaline

A catecholamine in which the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted at C-1 and methylated on nitrogen.


A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.


chromoplast inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope; also faces the chromoplast stroma.


Costochondral Joint 1

The first hyaline cartilaginous joint between the ribs and costal cartilage.


Peripheral Blood Vessel

A blood vessel located in the following sites: upper extremities, lower extremities, lower abdomen, head, or neck.


flexor sesamoid

A sesamoid bone located near or in the flexor musculature of a joint.


DL-Cysteine

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.


hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


hydroxybutyric acid

Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.


insect external sensillum

Sensillum which is embedded in the body wall and has a specific cuticular structure involved in the transduction of some sensory signal as a part.


insect chaeta

A sensillum with a long, unicellular, setiform outgrowth that is strongly chitinized.


insect eo-type sensillum

Sensillum with innervated external cuticular sensory structure consisting of one or more bipolar sensory neurons, and 3 support cells: a trichogen cell which makes the external cuticular sensory structure, a thecogen cell which makes the socket that holds the base of the external sensory structure and a tormogen cell which makes the cuticular matrix (cap) at the tip of the innervating dendrite(s).


secondary cell wall

A plant cell wall that is no longer able to expand and so does not permit growth. Secondary cell walls contain less pectin that primary cell walls. The secondary cell is mostly composed of cellulose and is strengthened with lignin.


extrinsic component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


DL-Tryptophan

An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.


Proximal Interphalangeal Joint 4 of the Hand

A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint within the fourth digit of the hand connecting the proximal and middle phalanges.


hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse

One of the giant synapses that form between the mossy fiber axons of dentate gyrus granule cells and the large complex spines of CA3 pyramidal cells. It consists of a giant bouton known as the mossy fiber expansion, synapsed to the complex, multiheaded spine (thorny excresence) of a CA3 pyramidal cell.


left caudal basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


portion of cartilage tissue in tibia

Cartilage pertaining to the tibia.


Phosphate ion

A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate.


aminophospholipid

A phospholipid that contains one or more amino groups.


adenyl nucleotide

A  nucleotide having adenine as the base.


nucleoside 5'-phosphate

A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-5 of the ribose ring is mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphorylated.


nucleoside phosphate

A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates.


Thiamine diphosphate

A thiamine phosphate that is thiamine(1+) in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a diphosphate group. It is the active form of vitamin B1 and an essential cofactor for enzymes in key metabolic pathways.


nucleotide

A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid.


phospho sugar

Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid.


Thiamine monophosphate

A thiamine phosphate that is thiamin(1+) in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a phosphate group.


Thiamine triphosphate

A thiamine phosphate that is thiamine(1+) in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a triphosphate group. It is found in low amounts in most vertebrate tissues and can phosphorylate certain proteins.


pentose phosphate

Any phospho sugar that is the phosphate derivative of pentose.


phospholipid

A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides.


purine nucleotide

Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.


Salivary Gland Tissue

Tissue consisting of mucous or serous secreting epithelial tissue, connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic tissue.


lower leg connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition].


Pyridoxine Hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadizole.


pyrazolone

A member of the class of pyrazoles in which one of the carbons of the pyrazole ring is substituted by an oxo group.


Basilar Membrane of the Membranous Canal of the Cochlea

The wall of the cochlear duct, which separates it from the scala tympani. It vibrates in response to sound, exciting the hair cells and supports the organ of Corti.


Emotional Tear

A type of tear produced in response to negative and positive emotions; contains higher amounts of proteins and stress-related hormones in comparison to other tear types.


Structure of subcarinal lymph node

A lymph node located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs. It is bordered by the carina of the trachea, lower lobe bronchus on the left and the bronchus intermedius on the right.


Anterior Ulnar Vein

A vein that extends along the ulna to the elbow joint.


muscularis mucosa

A thin layer of smooth muscle found in most parts of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria mucosae and separating it from the submucosa[WP].


Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System Part

Any component of the system of organs and tissues, including the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes, involved in the production of blood considered together with the interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body.


Para-Spinal Ganglion

A sympathetic ganglion located adjacent to the spinal column.


Metacarpophalangeal Joint 5

A condyloid synovial joint within the fifth digit of the hand connecting the metacarpal to the proximal phalanx.


Neuroectodermal Cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An embryonic cell on the dorsal surface of the early vertebrate embryo that gives rise to the cells of the nervous system


adrenal tissue

Tissue that is part of some adrenal gland.


sympathetic ganglion

A ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples: paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia, which include the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia.


Gastric Curvature Lymph Node

A lymph node that is located between the two layers of the greater omentum, either superiorly along the cardiac half of the lesser curvature of the stomach or inferiorly along the pyloric half of the greater curvature of the stomach.


tissue

Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.


Parapharyngeal Lymph Node

Any lymph node located in the potential space of the neck, which is bounded superiorly by the base of the skull, inferiorly by the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, anteriorly by the investing fascia of the deep cervical fascia covering the medial pterygoid muscle, posteriorly by the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia, medially by the middle (pretracheal) layer of the deep cervical fascia, and laterally by the investing fascia of the deep cervical fascia covering the deep lobe of the parotid.


synarthrosis

A synarthrosis is a type of joint which permits very little or no movement under normal conditions. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous. Suture joints and synchondroses are synarthroses.


laryngeal cartilage

The cartilaginous structures that support the larynx.


Structure of profunda femoris vein

A vein located in the upper thigh that connects, through tributaries, to the popliteal and inferior gluteal veins, and joins the superficial femoral vein at the groin to form the common femoral vein.


Interphalangeal Joint 1

A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint within the first digit of the hand or foot connecting the proximal and distal phalanges.


Structure of suprarenal aorta

The portion of the abdominal aorta superior to the renal arteries.


obturator nerve

The obturator nerve arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small.


cuneiform cartilage

The cuneiform cartilages of the larynx are two small, elongated pieces of yellow elastic cartilage, placed one on either side, in the aryepiglottic fold, where they give rise to small whitish elevations on the surface of the mucous membrane, just in front of the arytenoid cartilages.


Tibiotarsal Joint

The joint connecting the lower part of the tibia with the upper part of the tarsus bones, specifically articulating with the talus bone.


Neck Lymph Node Boundary Level VII

The following anatomical structures define the neck lymph node boundary for level VII: Superior: suprasternal notch; inferior: innominate artery; anterior (medial): sternum; posterior (lateral): trachea, esophagus, and prevertebral fascia. (AJCC 8th ed.)


short bone

Short bones are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement. They are one of five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Examples of these bones include the tarsals in the foot and the carpals in the hand.


Wall of anterior cranial fossa

The portion of the skull that is formed laterally by the orbital plates of the frontal bone, medially by the cribriform palate and crista galli of the ethmoid bone, and posteriorly by the planum sphenoidale and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone.


sacrococcygeal symphysis

The sacrococcygeal symphysis (sacrococcygeal articulation, articulation of the sacrum and coccyx) is an amphiarthrodial joint, formed between the oval surface at the apex of the sacrum, and the base of the coccyx. It is a slightly moveable joint which is frequently, partially or completely, obliterated in old age, homologous with the joints between the bodies of the vertebrae.


Peristomal Skin

The skin surrounding a stoma and on which the pouching system is placed.


right ureter

An ureter that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition].


Structure of right seminal vesicle

The seminal gland that is located to the anatomical right of the bladder.


Intrahepatic Portion of the Left Hepatic Duct

The section of the left hepatic duct located in the liver.


Subsegmental Bronchus of Right Lung

A part the bronchial tree of the right lung, an air passage arising from any segmental bronchus of the right lung and passing to the naturally delimited part of lung segment (subsegment), where it further subdivides into smaller passages.


Septal Vein

The paired veins in the frontal lobe and along the septum pellucidum that drain into the internal cerebral veins.


Infrarenal aorta

The portion of the abdominal aorta that lies below the kidneys.


Abdominal lymph node group

Any lymph node within the abdomen.


Structure of labial gland

A round gland located between the mucous membrane and orbicularis oris muscle of the mouth.


Medial Supraclavicular Lymph Node

A cervical lymph node located above the medial region of the clavicle.


Embryonic Cell

A cell formed in the initial stages of embryonic development, after zygote formation.


Interphalangeal Joint 5 of the Hand

A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint between the phalanges of the fifth digit of the hand.


axillary nerve

The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. [WP,unvetted].


Common Ulnar Vein

A blood vessel containing deoxygenated blood formed by the joining of the anterior and posterior ulnar veins.


Structure of lunate-triquetrum joint

The articulation between the lunate and the triquetral bones in the wrist.


Distal Interphalangeal Joint 4 of the Foot

A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint within the fourth digit of the foot connecting the middle and distal phalanges.


Structure of saphenous nerve

A branch of the femoral nerve traveling the length of the leg/hindlimb, which innervates the sartorius and the skin of the medial aspect of the leg/hindlimb from the knee/stifle joint to the metatarsus.


ocular adnexa

The parts of the orbital region that are outside of the the eyeball, including the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva.


Distal Interphalangeal Joint 2 of the Foot

A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint within the second digit of the foot connecting the middle and distal phalanges.


Interphalangeal Joint 1 of the Foot

A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint within the first digit of the foot connecting the proximal and distal phalanges.