Adult Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia

An acute megakaryoblastic leukemia occurring in adults.


Treatment-sensitive HIV Infection

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An infection with human immunodeficiency virus that responds to therapy.


Deep Penetrating Nevus

A distinctive melanocytic nevus characterized by a sharply demarcated, circumscribed, and usually wedge-shaped configuration, with the base toward the epidermis and the tip toward the reticular dermis and subcutis. It may simulate melanoma both clinically and histologically.


Ecchordosis physaliphora

A very rare, slow growing, usually asymptomatic hamartomatous lesion that arises from ectopic notochordal tissue.  Morphologically it is characterized by the presence of typical physaliphorous cells in a myxoid background.


neoplasm of basal ganglia

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the basal ganglia.


Peri-prosthetic Joint Infection

Infection around an implant following joint replacement.


Hyperlactemia

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Abnormally high level of lactate in the blood.


Coagulation disorder caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Cavernous Angioleiomyoma

A morphologic variant of angioleiomyoma characterized by the presence of markedly dilated vascular channels.


Adult Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma

A combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


Other Iatrogenic Immunodeficiency-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Lymphoid proliferations or lymphomas that arise in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs for autoimmune diseases or conditions other than in the post-transplant setting. (WHO 2017)


Occlusion

Obstruction or a closure of hollow organ, passageway or vessel; also the transient approximation of the edges of a natural opening; imperforation.


Gastric Hodgkin's Lymphoma

An extremely rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the stomach.


Clinical Course of Disease

A term that refers to the nature and/or clinical outcome of a disease (e.g., acute or chronic disease, aggressive or indolent disease, recurrent disease, etc.).


White Matter Injury

Focal areas of necrosis, with or without cysts, and diffuse areas of white matter dysmaturation with maturation arrest of the pre-oligodendroglia cells, located in the cerebral white matter.


Cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the cervical squamous epithelium. It is usually associated with human papillomavirus infection. It is classified as cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 2 when there is nuclear atypia in both the upper and lower epithelial layers, mitotic figures are confined to the basal two-thirds of the epithelium, and maturation is present in the upper half of the epithelium. It is classified as cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 3 when there is nuclear atypia and mitotic figures throughout the entire thickness of the epithelium, and maturation is absent or confined to the upper third of the epithelium.


Pathologic Stage II Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, GX); IIB: (T1, N1, M0, Any G); (T3, N0, M0, Any G). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G3: Poorly differentiated, undifferentiated. (AJCC 8th ed.)


A meningioma that arises within the cranial cavity and results from exposure to radiation.


Astrocytoma, IDH-Wildtype

Astrocytoma lacking mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 genes. It includes diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype and anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype.


Stage IA Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Locally Advanced Malignant Skin Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm of the skin that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Myolipoma

A benign extrauterine tumor composed of mature adipocytes and smooth muscle cells.


Glandular odontogenic cyst

A developmental odontogenic cyst with epithelial features that simulate salivary gland or glandular differentiation. (WHO 2017)


Stage IIIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: Any T, N1a, M0.  N1a: Micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


FIGO Stage IVB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Benign Thalamic Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm of the thalamus.


Nodular and Massive Retinal Gliosis

A spectrum of discrete retinal glial proliferations surrounding blood vessels, ranging in size from small nodules to massive lesions that fill the eye. (WHO 2018)


Conventional Schwannoma

A common, usually encapsulated benign nerve sheath tumor composed of well-differentiated Schwann cells.


Borderline Broad Ligament Serous Tumor

A rare non-invasive tumor that arises from the broad ligament. It is characterized by the presence of serous epithelial cell proliferation and cytological atypia.


Lymphosarcoma of spleen

An antiquated term that refers to a non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of small and medium sized lymphocytes affecting the spleen.


Metastatic Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from any part of the digestive system and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Thrombotic Disorder

A disorder in which there is pathological development of blood clots within the cardiovascular system.


Secondary Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma arising from a lower grade astrocytoma.


A lymphoproliferative disorder that occurs in a patient with immunodeficiency.


Recurrent Malignant Glioma

The reemergence of malignant glioma after a period of remission.


AIDS-Related Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma secondary to AIDS. An increased incidence of Hodgkin lymphomas has been observed in HIV positive patients. Most cases are morphologically classified as lymphocyte depleted or mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphomas.


Solar Radiation-Related Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm arising in an anatomic site exposed to solar radiation.


Basal cell hyperplasia

A pathologic hyperplastic process characterized by the proliferation of the cells of the epithelial layer that resemble the basal cells of the lower part of the epidermis.


PSA 50 Percent or Greater than Nadir

A finding indicating that the blood concentration of prostate specific antigen in a subject's sample has increased by 50 percent or more over the lowest value recorded for a sample from that subject.


Multilocular Thymic Cyst

A multicystic lesion that arises from the epithelial component of the thymus gland.  It is usually associated with the presence of lymphoid follicles and degenerative changes.  Although its etiology is unknown, it has been described in patients with HIV infection and in patients with nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma affecting the thymus gland.


Penile chordee

Congenital curvature of the penis.


Extra-adrenal paraganglioma, malignant

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma that metastasizes to regional or distant anatomic sites.  Common sites of metastasis include the lymph nodes, lungs, bones, and liver.


Adult Myofibroma

A rare myofibroma that occurs in adults.


Subcutaneous edema

Presence of edema in subcutaneous connective tissue.


Unresectable Abdominal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An abdominal neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


BCOR-CCNB3 Sarcoma

A group of rare primitive round cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of BCOR-CCNB3 fusion gene.


AIDS-Related Lymphoma by Working Formulation


Lugano Classification Stage II Bulky Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II Bulky: Stage II with disease bulk. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Urethra Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder affecting the urethra.


Recurrent Spindle Cell Sarcoma

The reemergence of spindle cell sarcoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities after a period of remission.


Usual Prostate Adenocarcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation

Acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland characterized by the presence of scattered neuroendocrine cells by immunohistochemistry.


Benign neoplasm of broad ligament

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the broad ligament.


Serous Endometrial Intraepithelial Carcinoma

A precursor of endometrial serous adenocarcinoma characterized by the replacement of the normal endometrial cells by malignant glandular cells that resemble the malignant cells of invasive serous adenocarcinoma. The endometrial neoplastic process is non-invasive. It may coexist with invasive endometrial adenocarcinoma or can be associated with metastases outside the uterus, in the absence of invasive endometrial carcinoma.


Arrhythmia-Induced Cardiomyopathy

A reversible cardiomyopathy presumed to result from the presence of arrhythmias, including the tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (T-CM), atrial fibrillation-induced cardiomyopathy (AF-CM), and premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy (PVC-CM).


Stage IIA Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason 7); (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 10 and less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 7); (T2b, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 7); (T2b, N0, M0, PSA X, Gleason X). T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less.  T2b: Tumor involves more than one-half of one lobe, but not both lobes.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason 7: Moderately differentiated (moderate anaplasia).  Gleason Equal or Less than 6: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Injury of prostate

Trauma to the prostate.


Refractory Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Gastrointestinal Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the gastrointestinal system.


Blood Corticotrophin Decreased

A laboratory test result which indicates decreased levels of corticotrophin in the blood.


Severe Sepsis

Clinical syndrome defined by the presence of both infection and a systemic inflammatory response that progresses to multi-organ failure.


Thoracoceloschisis

A congenital fissure of both the thoracic and abdominal walls.


In situ mantle cell neoplasia

A neoplastic lymphoid process characterized by the presence of cyclin D1 positive lymphoid cells, typically in the inner mantle zones of lymphoid tissue follicles, in cases that do not suggest the diagnosis of a mantle cell lymphoma. It is often found incidentally and has a low rate of progression.


Clinical Stage IV Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T1-4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0-2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Small cell carcinoma, fusiform cell

A neuroendocrine carcinoma composed of malignant fusiform small cells.


Recurrent Endocervical Adenocarcinoma, Usual-Type

The reemergence of endocervical adenocarcinoma, usual-type after a period of remission.


Stage III Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: For renal pelvis only: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or into the renal parenchyma. For ureter only: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into periureteric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


mucinous cystic neoplasm with moderate dysplasia

A non-invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the pancreas and is characterized by the presence of moderate dysplasia.  The neoplastic columnar mucin-producing epithelial cells form papillary projections or crypt-like invaginations. There is cellular pseudostratification and mitotic activity present.


Hindgut Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A carcinoid tumor that arises from the sigmoid colon,descending colon, or rectum.


Stage IA Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Chronic Leukemia

The reemergence of chronic leukemia after a period of remission.


Filiform Serrated Adenoma

A traditional serrated adenoma characterized by the presence of prominent villous projections of the neoplastic epithelium.


Mild epithelial dysplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the squamous, glandular, or transitional cell epithelium without evidence of invasion. It is characterized by the presence of mild epithelial dysplasia.


Non-Neoplastic Cardiovascular Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the heart and/or vessels.  Representative examples include myocardial infarction, endocarditis, arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and lymphedema.


Locally Advanced Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

A bladder urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Chronic acquired lymphedema

A condition that is caused by trauma to the lymph system, which disrupts the normal flow of lymph fluid. This is most often due to surgery that requires lymph node removal or a large amount of lymph tissue. This disruption is especially apparent if the lymph nodes under the arm and arm and around the breast are compromised due to breast cancer surgery, diagnostic dissection, mastectomy, or radiation.


Chest Pain Along Right Middle Sternal Border

The location of the chest pain is along the right middle border of the sternum.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Gene Mutations

A term referring to acute myeloid leukemias associated with gene mutations most often of the FLT3, NPM1, and CEBPA genes. These leukemias may have normal karyotypes or additional chromosomal aberrations.


Stage IV Prostate Carcinoma

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1) (Any G).  T4: Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles: bladder neck, external sphincter, rectum, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Testicular Sertoli Cell Tumor, Lipid Rich Variant

A testicular Sertoli cell tumor in which the neoplastic cells have clear and vacuolated cytoplasm due to accumulation of intracytoplasmic lipids.


Endometrial Dedifferentiated Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the endometrium and is characterized by the presence of an undifferentiated carcinomatous component and a second component of either FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrioid carcinoma.


Adult Type Granulosa Cell Tumor

A granulosa cell tumor occurring in the ovary and rarely in the testis. It is composed of granulosa cells in an often fibrothecomatous stroma. The neoplastic cells may form various patterns including the microfollicular, which is characterized by the presence of Call-Exner bodies, macrofollicular, insular, trabecular, and diffuse pattern. In females, it affects middle aged to post-menopausal women. Signs and symptoms include abdominal mass, hemoperitoneum, and ascites. Estrogenic and rarely androgenic manifestations may be present. The vast majority of cases present as stage I tumors; however, all tumors have a potential for aggressive clinical course. In males, it is reported in the age range of 16-76 years and the average age at presentation is 44 years. A minority of patients have gynecomastia. Metastases have been reported in a minority of patients.


Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma measuring more than 3 mm and not more than 5 mm in depth. (FIGO 2009)


A1 Hydronephrosis

Antenatal hydronephrosis with the following clinical findings: 1) an anterior-posterior renal pelvis diameter (APRPD) of 4 to less than 7 mm at less than 28 weeks, 2) to less than10 mm at greater than or equal to 28 weeks, and 3) may have central calyceal dilation. (Adapted from: Hiep T. Nguyen, Carol B. Benson, Bryann Bromley, Jeffrey B. Campbell, Jeanne Chow, Beverly Coleman, Christopher Cooper, Jude Crino, Kassa Darge, C.D. Anthony Herndon, Anthony O. Odibo, Michael J.G. Somers, Deborah R. Stein; Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system); Pediatric Urology; December 2014 Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 982-998)


Fourth Degree Perineal Laceration

Injury to perineum involving anal sphincter complex and internal anal sphincter and anal epithelium. (reVITALize)


Sickle Cell-SS Disease

A variant of sickle cell disease due to homozygosity of the E6V mutation, amino acid substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the sixth position of the beta chain, resulting in the production of hemoglobin S from both alleles.


Stage II Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor larger than 2 cm with vascular invasion, or multiple tumors, none larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis

An infectious disorder of newborn infants that is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response within 72 hours of life and is most commonly caused by bacteria.


Refractory Cervical Carcinoma

Cervical carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Intrahepatic Bile Duct Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A neoplastic, non-invasive lesion that affects the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of atypical epithelial cells with an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, and loss of nuclear polarity.


Idiopathic 46,XY Differences of Sex Development

Conditions affecting individuals whose karyotype is 46,XY that is characterized by atypical development of the internal or external sex structures, or the gonads, and in whom no genetic, environmental, or biochemical causation can be established.


Stage IIB Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi.  T2: Tumor invades the duodenal wall.  T3: Tumor invades the pancreas.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Islet Glucagon Cell Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the alpha cells of the pancreas.


Malignant neoplasm of urethra local

A malignant neoplasm of the urethra that has not spread to other regions.


Unresectable Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Mucosal Melanoma of the Urinary System

A malignant melanocytic neoplasm that arises from a mucosal site of the urinary system.


Exogenous Obesity

Obesity caused by caloric intake greater than caloric expenditures.


Recurrent Extracranial Malignant Solid Neoplasm

The reemergence of an extracranial malignant solid neoplasm after a period of remission.


Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

Multiple, small, round or oval, benign or malignant growths in the lung(s), which can be due to infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic processes.


Aleukemic Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cutis

Aleukemic leukemia cutis where the skin in infiltrated by lymphoblasts.


HPV16 Infection

An infection caused by human papillomavirus 16. HPV16 infection is associated with a risk for cervical cancer.


Hemangioma of conjunctiva

A hemangioma that arises from the conjunctiva.


Exertional Fatigue

Prolonged, extreme exhaustion after physical or mental effort or stress.


Refractory Gallbladder Carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Ileal Fistula

An abnormal communication between the ileum and another organ or cavity.


Vulvar Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the vulva. Representative examples include infection and fibroepithelial polyp.


External hydrocephalus

Abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the subdural space of the brain.


A Hodgkin lymphoma that develops in patients who are immunosuppressed with methotrexate.


Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

A B-or T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of a mixed-sized lymphocytic population occurring in adults.


Esophageal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Recurrent Subsequent Malignant Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant neoplasm other than the original one, after a period of remission.


Stage IVA Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma


Eye Melanocytoma

A benign neoplastic melanocytic proliferation affecting the optic disk and optic nerve or the uvea.


tubular adenoma of gallbladder

An adenoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of a tubular growth pattern.


End Organ Damage from Diabetes

Irreparable damage to multiple organs/systems which is the result of chronic complications of diabetes.  The affected organs/systems include the cardiovascular system, kidneys, eyes, nervous system, joints and feet.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the cervix and is caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4, Any N, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades bladder mucosa and/or bowel mucosa (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4).  M1: Distant metastasis (includes metastasis to abdominal lymph nodes other than para-aortic, and/or inguinal lymph nodes: excludes metastasis to vagina, pelvic serosa, or adnexa). (AJCC 6th ed.)


Oligometastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Gastric adenocarcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Stage IB Vulvar Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1ab Tumor confined to the vulva or vulva and perineum, 2cm or less in greatest dimension, and with stromal invasion greater than 1mm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of an appendiceal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to appendiceal NETs (carcinoid tumors) (NET G1 and G2, and rare well-differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC), goblet cell carcinoids, mixed adenocarcinomas, and adenocarcinomas of the appendix are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Breast Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm arising from the breast.


MGMT-Methylated Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma characterized by the presence of DNA methylation in the promoter region of the MGMT gene. It is associated with improved survival.


Stage III Skin Cancer

Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor with invasion of maxilla, mandible, orbit, or temporal bone.  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension with less than two high-risk features.  T2: Tumor size greater than 2 cm in greatest dimension or tumor of any size with two or more high-risk features.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Mental Retardation, X-linked 21/34

An X-linked recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the IL1RAPL1 gene, encoding interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1. It is characterized by intellectual disability ranging from moderate mental retardation to high-functioning autism.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with a Poorly Differentiated Carcinomatous Component

A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of a component with poorly differentiated carcinoma cells.


Stage IV Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage IV: Disseminated (multifocal) involvement of one or more extralymphatic sites with or without associated lymph node involvement or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement with distant (nonregional) nodal involvement. (from PDQ)


Stage I Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v6

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or muscle layer.  T1a: Tumor invades lamina propria.  T1b: Tumor invades muscle layer.  N0: No regional metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Recurrent Fallopian Tube Transitional Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube transitional cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Foreign body embolism

Occlusion of a lumen by a foreign object.


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T3b, Any N, M0); (T1-3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor extends to pelvic wall and/or involves lower third of vagina, and/or causes hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney. T3b: Tumor extends to pelvic wall and/or causes hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Malignant melanoma, regressing

A skin lesion characterized by the disappearance of the melanoma cells from the primary melanoma site. The disappearance of the malignant cells is associated with fibroplasia of the papillary dermis. According to some authors, complete regression of the primary melanoma may occur in 4-8% of patients.


Lentigo simplex

The most common form of the skin disorder lentigo, characterized by a single or multiple benign, pigmented macules of unknown etiology that are present at birth or develop in early childhood.


Increased Concomitant Drug Half Life

Increased period of time required for the concentration or amount of a concomitant drug in the body to be reduced to exactly one-half of a given concentration or amount.


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis stage II subdiaphragmatic


Stage IV Bladder Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes the following: T4b, N0, M0; Any T, N1, M0; Any T, N2 M0; Any T, N3 M0; Any T, Any N, M1.  T4b: Tumor invades the pelvic wall, abdominal wall.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th Ed.)


Stage 0 Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Melanoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

A simple odontogenic cyst lined by ameloblastoma-like epithelium, which contains focal accumulations of ghost cells. (WHO 2017)


Refractory Myeloid Neoplasm

A myeloid neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


Intestinal nematode infection

An infection in the gastrointestinal tract by a nematode.


Stage IIA Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but equal to or smaller than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Treatment related secondary malignancy

The development of a malignant neoplasm in response to medical or surgical treatment, induced by the treatment itself.


Anal Extramucosal (Perianal) Adenocarcinoma

An anal adenocarcinoma arising from the lining of an anorectal fistulous tract or the anal glands.  The overlying anal mucosa does not show evidence of neoplastic changes.  It usually presents as a submucosal tumor.


Locally Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Tracheal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the trachea.


Lugano Classification Stage II Bulky Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II Bulky: Stage II with disease bulk. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Orbital Contusion

Bruising of the skin and soft tissue surrounding the eye.


Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia

Necrosis and softening of the white matter around the ventricles in the brain associated with cystic changes.


Hamartoma of Mature Cardiac Myocytes

A non-malignant, focal growth in the heart, composed of unencapsulated nodules of enlarged, hypertrophic, mature cardiac myocytes with a variable amount of collagen and fat.


Prosoposchisis

A congenital anatomic defect characterised by a facial cleft that extends from the mouth to the orbit of the eye.


Advanced Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant female reproductive system neoplasm that has spread extensively from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Sporadic Retinoblastoma

A retinoblastoma that occurs in a patient without a family history of the disease.


Malignant Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Diffuse, Lymphocytic, Poorly Differentiated


Recurrent Acute Leukemia

The reemergence of acute leukemia after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Normal Blood Test Result

A laboratory test result indicating the results of the blood test are within normal parameters for the age and population.


Intracystic papillary neoplasm with low grade intraepithelial neoplasia

An intracholecystic papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of mild epithelial atypia.


Recurrent Myeloid Neoplasm

The reemergence of a myeloid neoplasm after a period of remission.


Pansclerotic Morphea

A rare, aggressive form of morphea characterized by sclerosis of the dermis, fascia, and muscle over large parts of the body, resulting in contractures and immobility.


Endocrine Therapy-Induced Alopecia

Alopecia caused by treatment with endocrine therapy agents.


Transplant-Related Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the skin in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Right Midclavicular Line

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the right midclavicular line.


Female Non-Neoplastic Reproductive System Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the female reproductive system. Representative examples include endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometritis.


Neonatal Late-Onset Sepsis

An infectious disorder of newborn infants that is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response beyond 72 hours of life and is most commonly caused by bacteria.


Recurrent Pancreatic Cystadenocarcinoma

The reemergence of pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


lipoma of bone

A benign neoplasm which is composed of adipocytes and arises from the surface of the bone or the medullary cavity.


Prostate Myeloid Sarcoma

Myeloid sarcoma that affects the prostate gland.  It may present in association with or as a site of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.  Cases of myeloid sarcoma of the prostate gland preceding acute myeloid leukemia have also been reported.


Refractory Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Incidental Gallbladder Carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma that is discovered incidental to gallbladder surgery for another indication.


Locally Advanced Gastric Carcinoma

A gastric carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Vulvar Melanocytic Neoplasm

A neoplasm that originates from melanocytes and arises from the vulva. This category includes congenital and acquired melanocytic nevus, blue nevus, dysplastic melanocytic nevus, atypical melanocytic nevus, genital type, and melanoma.


Cocaine dependence, continuous

Physical or psychological dependence on the drug cocaine which is associated with a pattern of continuous use.


Recurrent Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

The reemergence of Hodgkin lymphoma in adulthood after a period of remission.


Classical Poroma

A benign neoplasm occurring in the intraepidermal portion of the sweat gland duct.


Environment-Related Malignant Neoplasm

Cancers caused by exposure to carcinogens in the general environment


Moist Desquamation

A skin reaction characterized by sloughing of the epidermis and serous exudate.


Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma

Esophageal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage II Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (cT1a-c, cT2a, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 10 and less than 20, Grade Group 1); (cT2b-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 1); IIB: T1-2, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 2; IIC: (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 3); (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 4). cT1a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected. cT1b: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected. cT1c: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is identified by needle biopsy found in one or both sides, but not palpable. cT2a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves one-half of one side or less. cT2b: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves more than one-half of one side but not both sides. cT2c: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves both sides. T1: Prostate cancer with clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable. T2: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is palpable and confined within the prostate. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. Grade Group 3: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 4+3. Grade Group 4: Gleason Score 8, Gleason Pattern 4+4. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm of the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic bile ducts that occurs during childhood.


Physical Examination Finding

The result of an evaluation of the body and its functions using visual inspection, palpation, percussion, or auscultation that is performed to determine the presence, absence, or degree of a condition.


Radiating Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that spreads from one anatomic location to another.


Stage IV Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Bladder Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Bladder large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Metastatic ocular melanoma

Ocular melanoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Cortical Cataract Grade 4

A stage of cortical cataract characterized by greater than 90% of the intrapupillary space obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


Clinical Stage IIA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T1, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Low Grade Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of low grade epithelial dysplasia.


Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the gallbladder. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Testicular Typical Seminoma

A testicular seminoma characterized by the presence of uniform round germ cells with glycogen-rich cytoplasm and large nuclei, and a lymphocytic infiltrate.


Non-Neoplastic Connective and Soft Tissue Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the connective and soft tissue.


Peritoneal Pain

Painful sensation in the peritoneum.


Neoplasm by Morphology

A classification system grouping neoplasms according to their cellular characteristics.


Bladder cancer stage IV

A carcinoma that arises from the bladder and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Bladder Melanoma

A rare melanoma that arises from the bladder mucosa.


Extranodal Lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from an anatomic site other than a lymph node.


Renal Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the kidney.


Non-Neoplastic Bladder Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the urinary bladder. Representative examples include cystitis, cystolithiasis, and urinary bladder rupture.


Ampulla of Vater Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater.  Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of intestinal-type malignant epithelial cells.


Diffuse hyperplasia

Hyperplasia characterized by the presence of a diffuse cellular infiltrate.


Chronic Cancer Pain

Chronic pain that results from cancer and/or its treatment. The mechanism for chronic cancer pain may be  inflammatory, neuropathic, ischemic, and/or mechanical in nature.


Stage IIIB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or the mesoappendix. T4: Tumor invades the visceral peritoneum, including the acellular mucin or mucinous epithelium involving the serosa of the appendix or mesoappendix, and/or directly invades adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph node measuring 0.2 mm or more) or any number of tumor deposits is present, and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


BCLC Stage C Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may receive new agents in the setting of randomized controlled trials. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Squamous cell carcinoma, microinvasive

A squamous cell carcinoma with minimal stromal invasion.


Clinical Stage III Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0-1, M0); (T4a, N0-1, M0). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IIIA Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T0-2, N1, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cervical Cancer by FIGO Stage 2018

A term that refers to the staging of cervical cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, 2018.


Enteropathic arthritis

A form of chronic arthritis that is found in some patients with inflammatory bowel disease.


AIDS-Related Malignant Anal Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm arising from the anus and occurring in HIV-positive patients.  Representative examples include squamous cell carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.  Homosexual HIV-positive men have an increased risk of developing such malignancies in comparison to the general male population.


Refractory Malignant Endocrine Neoplasm

Malignant endocrine neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Nutritional Rickets

Rickets due to dietary deficiency of calcium, phosphate, or vitamin D.


Adenocarcinoma with metaplasia

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of metaplasia.


Testis cancer recurrent

Malignant testicular germ cell tumor reemerging after a period of remission.


Low Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the cervical squamous epithelium without evidence of invasion. It is usually associated with human papillomavirus infection. It is characterized by the presence of mild atypia in the superficial epithelial layer that may be associated with koilocytosis. Maturation is present in the upper two thirds of the epithelium. Mitotic figures are not numerous and are present in the basal third of the epithelium.


Cyclitis

Inflammation of the ciliary body.


Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia

A benign proliferation of the stromal cells in the breast.  It is classified as simple, when associated with the presence of slit-like spaces without erythrocytes and as fascicular/proliferative, when spindle cell proliferation without atypia is present.  It is often seen in breast tissue specimens as small foci associated with benign epithelial lesions.  Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia presenting as a well-circumscribed palpable mass is rare.


Unresectable Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Crushing Pain

A sense of discomfort or distress that is squeezing or excessively compressing.


Bladder Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm arising from the bladder. It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells with stippled chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mitotic activity is low and tumor necrosis is absent.


Stage I Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (cT1a-c, cT2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Grade Group 1); (pT2, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Grade Group 1). cT1a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected. cT1b: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected. cT1c: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is identified by needle biopsy found in one or both sides, but not palpable. cT2a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves one-half of one side or less. pT2: Prostate cancer which is organ confined. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Anaplastic Ependymoma

The reemergence of anaplastic ependymoma after a period of remission.


The presence of bacteria in the blood caused by an infected hemodialysis catheter.


Monoclonal Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Pancreas

A carcinoma that has spread to the pancreas from another anatomic site.


Refractory Low Grade Astrocytoma

Low grade astrocytoma that is resistant to treatment.


TNFRSF8 Low

Indicates that low expression of TNFRSF8 has been detected in a sample.


Stage IV Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ampulla of Vater and periampullary region.


Posterior Fossa Ependymoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises in the posterior fossa in which molecular analysis for DNA methylation profiling was unsuccessful or not reported.


Locally Advanced Prostate Adenocarcinoma

A prostatic adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Metastases to abdominal cavity

The spread of a malignant neoplasm from a primary site to an unspecified organ in the abdominal cavity.


Conjunctival Oncocytoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the conjunctiva. It is characterized by the presence of oncocytic cells with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm.


Pancreatic Alpha Cell Adenoma

A benign endocrine neoplasm arising from the alpha cells of the pancreas.  It produces glucagon.


Maternal Hemorrhage

Uncontrolled bleeding from a pregnant or a woman who has recently given birth.


Advanced Malignant Skin Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm of the skin that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Lugano Classification Advanced Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Lugano classification criteria. It includes stages III and IV. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIA Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Tumor directly invading the pancreas (up to 0.5 cm). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); IIIC: (Any T, Any N, M0).  IIIA: T3: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm or tumor involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein(s).  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IVB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis (including pelvic lymph node metastasis). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage III Lentigo Maligna Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: Any T, N1-3, M0.  Stage III is divided into three pathologic subgroups: IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.  There are no clinical subgroups for stage III.  N1: Cutaneous melanoma with metastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2: Cutaneous melanoma with metastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) without metastatic nodes.  N3: Cutaneous melanoma with 4 or more metastatic nodes, or matted nodes, or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) with metastatic node(s).  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Reproductive Endocrine Neoplasm

A benign or malignant endocrine neoplasm that arises from the testis or the ovary.


Anemia due to Decreased Production

Anemia that results from a decreased rate of erythropoiesis.


Melanoma Metastatic in the Central Nervous System

A melanoma that has spread to the central nervous system from its original site of growth, through the hematogenous route.


Domestic injury

Trauma occurring within the confines of the home environment.


Extragonadal primary germ cell tumor mixed stage I


Increased Concomitant Drug AUC

Increased area under the plot of plasma concentration of a concomitant drug against time after its administration.


Stage IB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Lesion measuring more than 2 cm, or any size with stromal invasion of more than 1.0 mm, confined to the vulva and/or perineum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIA Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential

A term that refers to the presence of somatic mutations in bone marrow or peripheral blood cells in individuals who may be cytopenic but do not have morphologic evidence of hematologic neoplasia. Its prevalence rises with age and is found in approximately 10% of individuals aged 70 to 80. It is associated with an increased risk of hematologic neoplasia. Mutations in the DNMT3A, TET2, or ASXL1 genes are usually identified. Approximately 10%-40% of individuals with age-related clonal hematopoiesis will progress to meet the diagnostic criteria for clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential.


Blood Cardiac Troponin Increased

A laboratory test result which indicates increased levels of cardiac troponin in a biological specimen.


Pleural fistula

An abnormal communication between the pleural cavity and another anatomic site.


Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of liver

A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm that arises from the liver.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.  Patients may be asymptomatic or present with an abdominal mass, ascites, and jaundice.


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte predominance type recurrent

An antiquated term that refers to the reemergence of either nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma or lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Fibrosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder

An anxiety disorder in which the symptoms of anxiety have been determined to be etiologically related to the direct physiological effects of a substance (i.e., a drug of abuse, a medication, or toxin exposure).


Clinical Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: T3c, N0/N1, M0. T3c: Fallopian tube cancer with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond the pelvis more than 2 cm in greatest dimension with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes (includes extension of tumor to capsule of liver and spleen without parenchymal involvement of either organ). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (histologically confirmed). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Vascular hemorrhagic disorders

A hemorrhagic disorder that is caused by pathologic changes in the vasculature.


Pregnancy Mood Swing

The fluctuations in the mental and emotional state of an individual during pregnancy.


Peripheral Vascular Insufficiency

A condition in which there is inadequate blood flow through the peripheral blood vessels due to intrinsic disease of the vasculature.


Child Intoxication With Breast Implant Material Ingredients

Children affected by toxins may be due to silicone breast implants and their effects on unborn children and from breastfeeding.


Subdural Hemorrhage Related to Birth

Bleeding within the subdural space occurring during labor and/or delivery.


Amnestic disorders due to a general medical condition

A disorder involving memory impairment (either anterograde or retrograde) that is etiologically linked to the direct physiological consequence of a general medical condition. The memory impairment is not the result of a delirium or dementia.


Advanced Gastric Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A gastric small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Pancreatic Mucinous-Cystic Neoplasm, Low Grade

A non-invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the pancreas and is characterized by the presence of mild dysplasia and absence of mitotic figures.


Hereditary coagulation factor deficiency

An inherited blood coagulation disorder characterized by deficiency of one of the coagulation factors, resulting in bleeding.


Neuropathic Pain

Chronic pain caused by damage to nerve fibers.  It is usually associated with tissue injury.


Astler-Coller A Colon Carcinoma

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0) and (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Prostate Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Papillary Pattern

A prostate ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.


Pathologic Stage 0 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0, GN/A. Tis: High-grade dysplasia, defined as malignant cells confined to the epithelium by the basement membrane. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. GN/A: Grade non-applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Early Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma

An early Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis.


Non-Neoplastic Chronic Respiratory System Disorder

A non-neoplastic longstanding disorder of the respiratory system.


Stage IV Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: Any T, N1, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group: Any; IVB: Any T, N0, M1, PSA: Any, Grade Group: Any. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. N1: Prostate cancer with metastases in regional node(s). M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. M1: Prostate cancer with distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Monoclonal Paraproteinemia Present in Lower than Myeloma Levels

An indication that the detected amount of monocolonal paraproteinemia in a sample is lower than the range of levels that are associated with myeloma.


Human immunodeficiency virus leukoencephalopathy


Childhood Kidney Disorder

A kidney disorder that appears during childhood.


Metastatic carcinoid tumor

A carcinoid tumor that has extended beyond its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IVA Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N1-2, M0); (T4a, NX, M0); (T4b, N0-2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0). T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clear cell tumor

A purely morphologic term that describes a neoplasm in which all or the majority of the neoplastic cells have a clear cytoplasm, when examined under light microscopy, using the conventional staining method (H-E). This term does not provide any information about the nature of the neoplasm (benign or malignant), cell of origin (e.g. epithelial versus mesenchymal versus hematopoietic), or prognosis. Further examination using special stains and/or immunohistochemistry is required to appropriately classify this tumor.


High-CSD Melanoma

A finding indicating a high degree of cumulative sun damage in the skin as evidenced by severe solar keratosis. (WHO 2018)


Recurrent Malignant Endocrine Neoplasm

Reemergence of a malignant endocrine neoplasm after a period of remission.


Anemia due to disorders of nucleotide metabolism

A group of hemolytic anemias that result from either the deficiency or overproduction of several enzymes involved in metabolizing nucleotides.


Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma and Sympathetic Paraganglioma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of adrenal gland pheochromocytoma and sympathetic paraganglioma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. Parasympathetic paragangliomas are not staged because they are largely benign. This staging system does not apply to neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas (are staged according to the classification for neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas) and carotid body tumors (not staged). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Abnormal Phenolsulfonphthalein Test Result

A laboratory test result indicating other than normal parameters after a phenolsulfonphthaliein test.


Recurrent Retinoblastoma

The reemergence of retinoblastoma after a period of remission.


Radiation injury of bone marrow

Radiation injury of the hematopoietic system.


Invasive Malignant Neoplasm

Cancer that has spread beyond the layer of tissue in which it developed and is growing into surrounding, healthy tissues.


Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia with Eosinophilia

A chronic myelomonocytic leukemia characterized by a peripheral blood eosinophil count of equal or greater than 1.5x10E9/L, and absence of PDGFRA or PDGFRB gene abnormalities.


Advanced Platinum-Resistant Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A platinum-resistant malignant germ cell tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Hepatic cancer stage IVA

Stage IVA carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th and 8th editions.


Stage IIIB Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0/N1, M0. T3b: Fallopian tube cancer with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis 2 cm or less in greatest dimension with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (histologically confirmed). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Ampulla of Vater Invasive Papillary Adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from an exophytic papillary neoplasm of the ampulla of Vater.


Stage IVC Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G.  M1b: Nonperitoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Anal Adenocarcinoma within Anorectal Fistula

An anal adenocarcinoma arising from the lining of an anorectal fistulous tract.  The overlying anal mucosa does not show evidence of neoplastic changes.  Some cases are associated with Crohn disease.


Lyme Arthritis

Joint inflammation, most often affecting large joints, associated with Lyme disease, presenting months after infection.


Stage IA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0.  T1a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, without ulceration and with mitosis less than 1/mm2.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following alcohol-induced injury of the liver parenchyma.


Stage IA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor limited to one tube, without penetrating the serosal surface; no ascites.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Benign Infratentorial Neoplasms

A benign neoplasm that occurs in the infratentorial region.


Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Gene Expression Profile

Gene expression-based patient cluster groups in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.


Composite paraganglioma

A neoplasm that combines morphologic characteristics of paraganglioma and neuroectodermal tumors such as neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, or peripheral nerve sheath tumor.


Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis

A recurrent form of cholangitis that is characterized by intrabiliary pigment stone formation, biliary tree stricture and obstruction, and recurrent bouts of cholangitis. There is an association with biliary parasitosis, but evidence supporting these infections in the pathogenesis of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is inconclusive. The most common causes of death are sepsis, liver failure, or complications from cirrhosis. Patients are also at increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma.


Stage II Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T3a, N0, M0; IIB: T3b, N0, M0. T3a: Tumor directly invading the pancreas (up to 0.5 cm). T3b: Tumor extending more than 0.5 cm into the pancreas, or extending into peripancreatic tissue or duodenal serosa without involvement of the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Sex Chromosome Differences of Sex Development

A condition affecting gonadal and/or internal and/or external reproductive/genital development in which there is an atypical number of sex chromosomes (i.e. fewer or greater than the typical 2 X chromosomes or 1 X and 1 Y chromosome).


Germinative Follicular Epithelium Neoplasm

A neoplasm involving the germinative follicular epithelium.


Infectious disease of genitourinary system

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting any part of the genitourinary system.


Mixed Failure to Thrive

Failure to thrive due to both organic and non-organic causes.


PSA Level Finding

A finding that indicates the amount of prostate specific antigen in a sample.


Stage IV Lentigo Maligna Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Pediatric Infectious Disorder

An infectious disorder that occurs during infancy, childhood, or adolescence.


Hypothalamic Cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the hypothalamus.


Hypergranular promyelocytic leukemia

Acute Promyelocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of hypergranular promyelocytes and characteristic cells that contain bundles of Auer rods.


Primary cutaneous CD30 antigen positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder

This entity represents a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by CD30 (Ki-1)-positive cutaneous T-cell infiltrates.  The two ends of the spectrum include lymphomatoid papulosis (benign end) and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (malignant end).  Borderline lesions are also included in this spectrum.  (WHO, 2001)


Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic (WF)


Stage IVB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). N2: Metastases to four or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Localized Childhood Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

An undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone that occurs in childhood and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Locally Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Yolk Sac Tumor with Somatic-Type Malignancy

A yolk sac tumor that is characterized by morphologic transformation to somatic-type malignancy. The somatic-type malignant component most often is sarcomatous or carcinomatous.


Intraepithelial Melanocytic Hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the intraepithelial melanocytes.


FIGO Stage IVC Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Childhood Gastric Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the stomach that occurs during childhood.


Stage IV Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Native valve endocarditis

Endocarditis affecting a native valve of the heart.


Benign germ cell neoplasm

A germ cell tumor without metastatic potential.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor invades stromal connective tissue of the cervix but does not extend beyond uterus.  Endocervical glandular involvement only should be considered as Stage I and not as Stage II.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Esophageal Hodgkin Lymphoma

A very rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the esophagus.


Refractory Vaginal Carcinoma

Vaginal carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Verumontanum Mucosal Gland Hyperplasia

A benign microacinar proliferation occurring exclusively in the verumontanum and adjacent posterior urethra where the ejaculatory ducts and utricle empty into the urethra. Crystalloids and intraluminal mucin are usually absent, but; intraluminal corpora amylacea are often present. The lining epithelium typically consists of bland cuboidal to columnar luminal cells with underlying basal cells.


Unresectable Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube endometrioid adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

The reemergence of adult diffuse large cell lymphoma after a period of remission.


Benign Anal Granular Cell Tumor

A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the anus.  It is characterized by the presence of large polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm.


Acquired Facial Nerve Palsy

A condition characterized by reduced or absent movement of the ipsilateral face as a consequence of an injury to the seventh cranial nerve that has occurred after birth.


Unresectable Fibrosarcoma

A fibrosarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Central line complication

A problem with a central venous access catheter or site of insertion.


Beta Thalassemia Plus Structural Variants

A heterozygous state in which a person has a mutation in a beta globin allele causing beta thalassemia, together with other structural variants in the other allele.


Esthesioneurocytoma

A rare benign neuroectodermal tumor originating from olfactory receptor cells in the nasal cavity. Microscopically, it is characterized by the absence of malignant characteristics and the absence of rosettes formation.


Recurrent Primary Amyloidosis

The reemergence of primary amyloidosis after a period of remission.


Metastatic urothelial carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the urothelium and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Transitional cell carcinoma metastatic

A carcinoma that arises from transitional cells and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Non-Neoplastic Peritoneal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the peritoneum. Representative examples include peritonitis and panniculitis.


Inherited neuropathies

A hereditary disorder that affects the sensory and/or motor nerves or the autonomic nerves.


Adrenal hemorrhage

Hemorrhage and necrosis of the adrenal gland tissue. Bilateral and extensive hemorrhage may lead to acute adrenal insufficiency, shock, and death.


Skin Reaction Secondary to Radiation Therapy


Intracranial Laceration Related to Birth

Tearing of the cerebral or cerebellar parenchyma or vessels of a newborn infant due to forces occurring during labor and delivery.


Pathologic Stage IIIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-4, N1a(sn) or N1a, M0); (T0, N1b, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N1a(sn): Clinically occult regional lymph node metastasis identified only by sentinel lymph node biopsy. N1a: Clinically occult regional lymph node metastasis following lymph node dissection. N1b: Clinically and/or radiologically detected regional lymph node metastasis, microscopically confirmed. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Tumor Mass of the Extremity

A mass-forming benign or malignant neoplasm that affects a limb of the body.


Esophageal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Advanced Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A malignant germ cell tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Endometrial Carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm of pancreas with moderate dysplasia

A non-invasive pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that exhibit nuclear stratification, loss of polarity, and crowding.  There is moderate nuclear hyperchromasia.


Aplastic anemia due to infection

Aplastic anemia caused by an infection.


Recurrent Childhood Liver Cancer

A hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma that occurs during childhood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Esophageal High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal mucosa.  It includes lesions termed moderate dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ (severe dysplasia).  (WHO, 2000)


Advanced Primary Malignant Brain Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain and has spread extensively or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIIB Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0.  T3b: Macroscopic peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0, G1); (T1a, N0, M0, GX); IB: (T1a, N0, M0, G2); (T1b, N0, M0, G1-2); (T1b, N0, M0, GX); IC: (T1, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2). T1a: Tumor invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosae. T1b: Tumor invades the submucosa. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well-differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G2: Moderately differentiated. G3: Poorly differentiated, undifferentiated. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Neoplasm by Special Category

A neoplasm defined by its unique characteristic as they apply to clinical presentation and course, morphologic patterns, frequency, and/or age distribution.


Localized Gastric Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the stomach and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Uterine Ligament Wolffian Tumor

An epithelial neoplasm of Wolffian (mesonephric) origin arising from a uterine ligament. Most tumors behave in a benign fashion.


Retrobulbar Hemorrhage

Bleeding in the orbital cavity that results in compression of orbital structures, resulting in ischemia of the optic nerve, and possible loss of vision.


Transient Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism that resolves spontaneously. This is the most common cause of neonatal hypoglycemia.


Recurrent Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that has recurred after a period of remission.


Chronic Decubitus

A longstanding lesion caused by death of tissue due to external pressure.


Sinusoidal hemangioma

A rare hemangioma occurring mainly in middle-aged adults. The most common location is in the trunk. The lesions are small, asymptomatic, and bluish. They are composed of irregular, dilated, congested thin-walled vascular channels with scant smooth muscle in a sinusoidal or sieve-like pattern. (WHO 2018)


Stage IB Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Tumor with measured deepest invasion more than 5 mm (greater than FIGO stage IA); lesion limited to the cervix uteri with size measured by maximum tumor diameter. Note: The involvement of vascular/lymphatic spaces should not change the staging. The lateral extent of the lesion is no longer considered. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Stage IVB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, MI. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IIIC Gastric Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4b, N2, M0); (T4b, N3, M0); (T4a, N3, M0).  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures. N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Killing Pain

A sensation of extreme discomfort and anguish that is perceived as severe enough to cause one's death.


Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the exocrine pancreatic ducts and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Bilateral cataracts (disorder)

Partial or complete opacity of the crystalline lens of both eyes that decreases visual acuity and eventually results in blindness. Some cataracts appear in infancy or in childhood, but most develop in older individuals. (Sternberg Diagnostic Surgical Pathology, 3rd ed.)


Hematologic Malignancy-Associated Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the skin in a patient with a history of hematologic malignancy, usually non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia.


Metastatic Carcinoma to the Uterine Cervix

A carcinoma that has spread to the cervix from another anatomic site.


Conjunctival foreign body

External material in or on the conjunctiva.


A high grade poorly differentiated carcinoma arising from the digestive system.  It is composed of small or large neoplastic cells that express immunohistochemical evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation.  There is marked nuclear atypia, necrosis, and more than 20 mitoses per 10 HPF.


Low Glutathione Level

An indication that a lower than average level of glutathione was detected in a sample.


Nevus of Female Genitalia

A nevus that arises from the female genital organs. This category includes congenital nevus, acquired nevus, dysplastic nevus, blue nevus, and atypical melanocytic nevus of the genital type.


Increased Porphyrin

Increase in the amount of porphyrin.


Intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis or vulva. It usually presents as a solitary white or pink macule or plaque that may be slightly elevated. A background of long-standing lichen sclerosus is often present.


Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

An acute infection of the prostate gland caused by bacteria, most often Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Signs and symptoms include fever, lower back pain, urinary frequency, and painful urination.  The urinalysis reveals the presence of white cells.  Risk factors include intraprostatic ductal reflux, phimosis, urinary tract infections, and unprotected anal intercourse.


Stage IIIC1 Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC1 includes: T1-T3, N1/N1mi/N1a, M0. T1: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor confined to the corpus uteri, including endocervical glandular involvement. T2: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading the stromal connective tissue of the cervix but not extending beyond the uterus. Does not include endocervical glandular involvement. T3: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor involving serosa, adnexa, vagina, or parametrium. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes. N1mi: Regional lymph node metastasis (greater than 0.2 mm but nor greater than 2.0 mm in diameter) to pelvic lymph nodes. N1a: Regional lymph node metastasis (greater than 2.0 mm in diameter) to pelvic lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Refractory Malignant Neoplasm of Multiple Primary Sites

Malignant neoplasm of multiple primary sites that is resistant to treatment.


Urethral Melanoma

A rare melanoma that arises from the urethral mucosa.


Thoracotomy Scar

Replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue due to a surgical procedure where an incision was made into the chest wall to the left or to the right of the midline.


Recurrent Gliosarcoma

The reemergence of gliosarcoma after a period of remission.


P2 Hydronephrosis

Postnatal Hydronephrosis with the following clinical findings: 1) APRPD is greater than or equal to 15 mm, 2) the calyces may be dilated centrally and peripherally, 3) or a dilated ureter is visible, 4) the parenchymal thickness and appearance is normal, and 5) the bladder is normal. Cases in which there is peripheral calyceal dilation but the APRPD is less than 15 mm are classified as UTD P2. (Adapted from: Hiep T. Nguyen, Carol B. Benson, Bryann Bromley, Jeffrey B. Campbell, Jeanne Chow, Beverly Coleman, Christopher Cooper, Jude Crino, Kassa Darge, C.D. Anthony Herndon, Anthony O. Odibo, Michael J.G. Somers, Deborah R. Stein; Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system); Pediatric Urology; December 2014 Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 982-998)


Resectable Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant female reproductive system neoplasm that is amenable to surgical resection.


Stage I Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and is less than or equal to 1 cm in size. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cervical Mesonephric Remnants and Hyperplasia

The presence of embryonic remnants of mesonephric ducts in the cervix and their benign hyperplastic proliferations.


Glucagonoma, malignant

A glucagon-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the alpha cells of the pancreas.  It may be associated with necrolytic erythema migrans, diarrhea, diabetes, glossitis, weight loss, malabsorption, and anemia.  It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Benign Osteoclastic Giant Cell-Rich Tumor of Bone

A giant cell tumor that arises from the bone and is characterized by the absence of local aggression and lack of metastatic potential.


Neonatal rickets

Rickets that usually affects premature infants. Factors that contribute to the development of neonatal rickets include calcium, phosphorus, or calciferol deficiency. It manifests with spontaneous fractures, respiratory distress, and growth developmental delays.


Unresectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia after a period of remission.


Recurrent Plasma Cell Neoplasm

The reemergence of a plasma cell neoplasm after a period of remission.


Prostate Paraganglioma

A paraganglioma that affects the prostate gland.


Adenoma of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

A benign neoplasm that arises from the retinal pigment epithelium. It consists of cords and tubules of variably pigmented proliferating retinal pigment epithelium cells, separated by fibrous stroma. Malignant transformation is rare. (WHO 2018)


Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection

Infection in the first month of life caused by the Herpes simplex virus.


Low Grade Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma exhibiting 50% or less solid non-glandular, non-squamous growth.


Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder

A malignant, high grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the bladder. This category includes small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Epilepsy that is refractory to treatment.


Stage IIIC Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G).  T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent WHO Grade 3 Glioma

The reemergence of a WHO grade III glioma after a period of remission.


Ann Arbor Stage II Subdiaphragmatic Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma


Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Lacrimal Drainage System Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma

A rare nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct. It is characterized by the presence of large cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli, a syncytial growth pattern, and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.


Thrombosis of abdominal aorta

Formation of blood clot in the lumen of the abdominal aorta. It may lead to severe abdominal pain and ischemic necrosis of the intestine.


Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma that involves the lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the pelvic wall. (FIGO 2018)


Acquired factor IX deficiency disease

An acquired coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of factor IX activity in the blood.


Refractory Fallopian Tube Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent Childhood Fibrillary Astrocytoma

The reemergence of fibrillary astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Pineal Parenchymal Cell Neoplasm

The reemergence of pineal parenchymal cell neoplasm after a period of remission.


Ureteric fistula

An abnormal communication between the ureter and another organ or anatomic site.


Cardiac Enzyme Elevation

An increase from the normal levels of cardiac enzymes measurement.


Broad Ligament Serous Cystadenofibroma

A rare serous cystadenofibroma arising from the broad ligament.


FNCLCC Sarcoma Grade 3

A sarcoma with a total score of 6 or higher according to the FNCLCC guidelines.


Male Reproductive System Precancerous Condition

A premalignant pathologic process arising from an organ of the male reproductive system.  It is characterized by cellular atypia and/or dysplasia but does not show morphologic evidence of stromal invasion at the time of diagnosis.  Representative examples include prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, giant condyloma acuminatum of the penis, and penile intraepithelial neoplasia.


Metastatic Bone Sarcoma

Bone sarcoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


BAP1-Inactivated Skin Melanocytic Neoplasm

A group of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms that includes the combined BAP1-inactivated nevus and the BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma.


Hyperplasia of Brunner glands of duodenum

A rare hyperplastic lesion of Brunner's gland in the duodenum. Although it is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, it may cause hemorrhage.


Stage IVA Oral Cavity Verrucous Carcinoma


B-Cell Proliferation of Uncertain Malignant Potential

A B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with uncertain malignant potential. The representative example of this category is lymphomatoid granulomatosis.


Refractory Vulvar Carcinoma

Vulvar carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Foreign-Body Reaction

An inflammatory lesion comprised of epithelioid histiocytes and chronic inflammation that is caused by the presence of extraneous material.


Non-Neoplastic Musculoskeletal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects muscles and bones.


lymphomatoid papulosis, type C

A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis characterized clinically by regressing skin papules, and morphologically by features resembling anaplastic large cell lymphoma.


Ovarian or testicular dysfunction associated with high levels of gonadotropins, that is present at birth.


Recurrent Ampulla of Vater Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Maternal Weight Gain in Pregnancy

The last recorded maternal weight prior to birth minus the last recorded weight immediately prior to pregnancy. (reVITALize)


Congenital Cystic Hygroma

A congenital lymphatic malformation usually arising from the neck and characterized by cystic dilation of the lymphatic vessels.


Adenocarcinoma endometrial metastatic

An adenocarcinoma which originated in the endometrium and has spread to another anatomic site.


Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified

Acute myeloid leukemia not otherwise specified that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Monomorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


An exceedingly rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the endometrium and displays mesonephric differentiation. Some tumors are thought to derive from mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct) remnants. Others may have a Mullerian duct lineage.


Female urinary-genital tract fistula

An abnormal connection between the urinary system and the genitals in a female.


Stage IB Gastric Carcinoma

Stage IB includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Primary Malignant Pelvic Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the organs and structures of the pelvis.


Severe Cardiac Valve Regurgitation

Evidence of severe retrograde blood flow through the valve(s) of the heart. (ACC)


FIGO Grade 1 Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that contains equal to or less than 5% non-squamous solid areas.


Mixed Cellularity Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for mixed cellularity classic Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Stage III Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T1: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades urethral subepithelial connective tissue immediately underlying the urothelium. T2: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades any of the following: corpus spongiosum, periurethral muscle. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades the prostatic stroma surrounding ducts either by direct extension from the urothelial surface or by invasion from prostatic ducts. T3: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades any of the following: corpus cavernosum, anterior vagina. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades the periprostatic fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Single regional lymph node metastasis in the inguinal region or true pelvis [perivesical, obturator, internal (hypogastric) and external iliac], or presacral lymph node. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph node measuring 0.2 mm or more) or any number of tumor deposits is present, and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


clear cell adenocarcinoma of gallbladder

A rare morphologic variant of gallbladder adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glandular epithelium with a predominance of glycogen rich clear cells.  The cells display hyperchromic nuclei and well-defined cytoplasmic borders.


Chronic inflammation

An inflammatory process characterized by the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the absence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.


Fetal Neurodevelopmental Disorder

A fetal affliction that has a neurological basis and manifests as a developmental disability.


Recurrent Anaplastic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of anaplastic astrocytoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIIB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein, or tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Miserable Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that renders an individual unable to find any happiness.


Stage I Vulvar Cancer

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Invasive vulvar cancer confined to the vulva or perineum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia Expressing the T-Cell Receptor Gamma-Delta

An uncommon variant of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia expressing the gamma-delta T-cell receptor. Approximately 60% of these cases are CD8-positive and the remainder are CD4/CD8-negative.


Unresectable Low Grade Glioma

Low grade glioma that is not amenable to surgical removal.


Stage I Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA (T1, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); IB (T2, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX).  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0, G2 or G3. T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated, high grade. G3: Poorly differentiated, high grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Radiating Chest Pain Along Right Middle Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the right middle sternal border.


Pancreatic Enzymes Decreased

A laboratory test result which indicates decreased levels of pancreatic enzymes in a biologic specimen.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to retina

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the retina from another anatomic site.


Elevated DKK1

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of DKK1 in a sample.


Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis (includes metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes, intraperitoneal disease, or lung, liver, or bone.  It excludes metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes, vagina, pelvic serosa, or adnexa). This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IB3 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Invasive cervical carcinoma equal or more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Cutaneous Mature B-Cell Neoplasm

A B-cell neoplasm that arises from the skin.


Prostate Melanoma

An exceptionally rare melanoma arising from the prostate gland.


Deep Lipoma

A benign well-circumscribed tumor, composed of mature adipocytes, that arises within deep soft tissues.


Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia

Fibrous dysplasia affecting the craniofacial bones.


Cardiac granuloma

A granuloma located in the myocardium.


Neonatal Spell

Cardiorespiratory events that are characterized by variable combinations of cessation of breathing, decrease in blood oxygen saturation, and decreased heart rate.


Stage IIA Esophagus Carcinoma

Stage IIA includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: (T2-3, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Upper, middle); (T2-3, N0, M0, G2-3, Tumor location: Lower, X).  For adenocarcinoma: (T2, N0, M0, G3).  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Leukopenia neonatal

Leukopenia that occurs in the neonatal period.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia recurrent

The reemergence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia after a period of remission.


Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia

A pre-cancerous, non-invasive pancreatic epithelial neoplasm that arises from and is confined to the pancreatic ducts.  It is a papillary or flat neoplasm that usually measures less than 5 mm in diameter.


Esophageal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of esophageal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Stage IIIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N1b/N2, M0.  N1b: Macrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  N2: In transit metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Recurrent Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

The reemergence of a myeloproliferative neoplasm after a period of remission.


Burn of axilla

A traumatic injury to the axilla resulting from exposure to caustic chemicals, extreme heat, extreme cold, or excessive radiation.


Acute Rejection

Rejection of a transplanted organ that usually occurs after the first week of the transplantation.  The risk of acute rejection is highest in the first three months following transplantation.  Morphologically, there is an inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and neutrophils and vascular damage in the rejected tissue.


Sexual Aversion Disorder

A disorder characterized by recurrent or persistent extreme aversion to, and avoidance of, all genital contact with a sexual partner. The aversion to sexual contact is not attributable to another psychiatric disorder.


Gallbladder Tubular Carcinoid

A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the gallbladder.  It does not show the morphologic characteristics of typical carcinoid tumors (neoplastic cells forming solid nests). In contrast, the tumor cells form small discrete tubules.


Benign Thymoma

A thymoma that is completely surrounded by a capsule, without evidence of capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues, and metastases.


Cutaneous Melanoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of cutaneous melanoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


Stage IA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma measuring equal or less than 5 mm in depth and equal or less than 7 mm in width. (FIGO 2009)


Primary Valvular Disorder

Heart disease that is primarily due to a valvular defect or abnormality. Valve disease that is felt to be significant but does not fulfill the definition for primary valvular heat disease is considered contributory valvular heart disease.


Merkel Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of Merkel cell carcinoma (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Pelvic Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma

Undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma  involving the bones of the pelvis.


Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance

A condition in which there is orthostatic intolerance lasting for at least three months with associated functional impairment. (ACC/AHA)


Renal hemangioma

A rare hemangioma arising from the kidney.


Recurrent Malignant Urinary System Neoplasm

Reemergence of a malignant urinary system neoplasm after a period of remission.


Iron deficiency without anemia

Subnormal concentrations of iron resulting from low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or increased iron loss; occurring in the absence of anemia.


Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA (T1, N0, M0, G1-2, X); IB (T1, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2, GX).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0-1, M0, Any G). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced gastric carcinoma

Gastric carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to distal anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Cellulitis of pharynx

Cellulitis of the pharynx.


High grade cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia

Cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of severe dysplastic changes.


Extrahepatic bile duct cancer stage III

Stage III includes: T4, Any N, M0.  T4: Tumor invades any of the following main portal vein or its branches bilaterally, common hepatic artery, or other adjacent structures, such as the colon, stomach, duodenum, or abdominal wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Cerebellar Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the cerebellum.


Lymphoma by Lukes-Collins Classification (Antiquated)