regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a vascular smooth muscle cell.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine.


modulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


nucleoside phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + a 2'-deoxynucleoside = a nucleoside + a 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by capillary fluid shift

The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from capillary fluid shift that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Capillary fluid shift is the movement of fluid across the capillary membrane between the blood and the interstitial fluid compartment.


violaceol II catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol II.


hindbrain formation

The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


R-linalool synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (R)-linalool + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2-aminoethyl)phosphonate + pyruvate = L-alanine + phosphonoacetaldehyde.


dihydromonapterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin + NADPH = tetrahydromonapterin + NADP+.


regulation of raffinose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose.


trifid subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching

The process in which a ureteric bud splits into three units at its end.


Catalysis of the reaction: RMP + diphosphate = R + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


cysteine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cysteine from one side of a membrane to the other.


dermatan 6-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dermatan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dermatan 6'-sulfate.


gallate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + H+ = CO2 + pyrogallol.


GTP cyclohydrolase IIa activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H2O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + 3 H+ + 2 phosphate.


positive regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.


S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione N-hydroxysulfenamide + NADH + H+ = S-nitrosoglutathione + NAD+.


nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, an aminotricarboxylic acid that binds bivalent metal ions in a ratio of 1:1. As an important industrial chelating agent, NTA has been widely used for various radionuclide processing and decontamination procedures, such as textile, paper and pulp processing and water treatment.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-methylthioadenosine + phosphate = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


coniferin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coniferin, 4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + oxalate + ammonia + 4 H+.


type III interferon production

The appearance of type III interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


sensory perception of cold stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a cold temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


pre-miRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA that differ at their 3'-ends.


positive regulation of maltotetraose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.


lung proximal/distal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the lung. The proximal/distal axis of the lung is defined by a line that runs from the trachea to the alveoli.


crying behavior

The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli.


retinol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of retinol from one side of a membrane to the other. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


16S rRNA (guanine(966)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(966) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(966) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 2-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+.


alpha-carotene epsilon hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = alpha-cryptoxanthin + NADP+ + H2O.


rhamnose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


glycolytic process from glycerol

The glycolytic process in which glycerol is catabolized to pyruvate generating ATP and NADH.


regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi Basidiomycetes.


dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two basic amino acids within a protein.


erythromycin D 3''-o-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + erythromycin D <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + erythromycin B + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 5-methylcytosine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 5-methylcytosine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the DNA 5-methylcytosine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 5-methylcytosine, leaving an abasic site.


germ-band shortening

The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo.


ribosomal skipping

A translation process in which a specific viral peptide prevents the ribosome from covalently linking a new inserted amino acid, and lets it continue translation, thereby cleaving the nascent protein while allowing translation to continue.


ethylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenacyl alcohol + 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


CDP-alcohol phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a CDP-alcohol group from one compound to another.


wing cell fate specification

The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment.


The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another purine deoxyribonucleoside.


specification of posterior mesonephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules of the posterior mesonephros acquire their identity.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ malonate(out) = sodium(in) + malonate(in).


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephros anterior/posterior pattern specification

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the pronephros.


acetone carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetone + ATP + CO2 + 2 H2O = acetoacetate + AMP + 4 H+ + 2 phosphate.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


telium development

The process that leads to the development of a telium, which is a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


cerebellar neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebellar neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


negative regulation of Ran protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.


scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scyllo-inositol + NADP <=> 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.


positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


epi-cedrol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = epi-cedrol + diphosphate.


transport of virus in multicellular host

The transport of a virus between cells in a multicellular organism. The cells can be adjacent or spatially separated (e.g. in different tissues or organs).


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic, water-soluble anthocyanin responsible for blue coloration of flowers and fruits.


mitotic metaphase chromosome recapture

A mechanism to recapture 'lost' chromosomes (chromosomes which have become detached from the spindle) during metaphase of mitotic chromosome segregation. Chromosomes with unattached kinetochores are migrated along (non polar) spindle microtubules to the mitotic spindle pole body by a combination of microtubule depolymerisation and 'kinetochore sliding' (migration of the chromosome along the microtubule). The chromosome subsequently migrates along the polar spindle microtubule to the metaphase plate.


amino-acid racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid = a D-amino acid.


AGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGG codon.


JUN kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinase kinases (JNKKKs).


negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.


positive regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ shedding, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


regulation of synaptic scaling

A process that modulates synaptic scaling. Synaptic scaling is a form of synaptic plasticity, which entails uniform adjustments in the strength of all synapses on a cell in response to prolonged changes in the electrical activity of the cell.


ergosterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds.


recognition of pollen

A cell recognition process in which pollen is recognized and either accepted or rejected by cells in the stigma.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in stem cell proliferation

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in stem cell proliferation.


beta-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + H+ + UDP.


bacterial-type flagellum organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->4) linkage of the terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADH-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ = methylglyoxal + NADH + H+.


D-glutamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamate, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamate, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with a copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pectic acid from the non-reducing end, releasing digalacturonate.


dorsal spinal cord interneuron posterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in the posterior direction along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vitexin = H+ + UDP + vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside.


metanephric cap specification

The process in which the metanephric cap acquires its identity.


regulation of exonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.


rhombomere 2 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 2 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end processing

The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


telomere maintenance via base-excision repair

A telomere maintenance process that occurs by base-excision repair of telomeric DNA in response to DNA damage. Telomeric sequences are particularly susceptible to oxidative DNA damage, due to their G-rich nature.


quinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinate, the anion of quinic acid. The acid occurs commonly in plants, either free or as esters, and is used as a medicine.


leg disc anterior/posterior lineage restriction

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments of the leg disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


limb granular cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb granular cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell and a Purkinje myocyte by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 2 a reduced ferredoxin + an oxidized thioredoxin = 2 an oxidized ferredoxin + a reduced thioredoxin, involving a 4Fe-4S cluster and an adjacent active-site disulfide.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + malonyl-CoA + H+ <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-malonylglucoside + coenzyme A.


aliphatic aldoxime dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic aldoxime = an aliphatic nitrile + H2O.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: arabinose(out) + H+(out) = arabinose(in) + H+(in).


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


negative regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.


spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-aminopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.


structural constituent of postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton.


peptidyl-amino acid modification

The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.


female analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the female are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


chitin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium

Attaching of a chitin-containing cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol:NAD(P)+ 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P) = 5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one + carbon dioxide + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction N4-acetylcytidine +H2O = cytidine + acetate.


rhombomere structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the rhombomere structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


3-methyleneoxindole reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyloxindole + NADP+ = 3-methyleneoxindole + H+ + NADPH.


neuronal dense core vesicle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuronal dense core vesicle.


nucleobase:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleobase(out) + cation(out) = nucleobase(in) + cation(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + a poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate longer by one C5 unit.


viral DNA genome packaging, 5' extended cos packaging

The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites to produce 5' protruding ends.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.


lipid hydroxylation

The covalent attachment of a hydroxyl group to one or more fatty acids in a lipid.


glutamate catabolic process to butyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including butyrate.


3-hydroxyaspartate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = glycine + glyoxylate.


positive regulation of hyphopodium formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to simvastatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a simvastatin stimulus. Simvastatin is a statin used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.


positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange.


protein autosumoylation

The sumoylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.


polyacyltrehalose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.


prosthetic group biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of brassinosteroid.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.


negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.


phytoene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoene.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.


negative regulation of amine catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


stomach body smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the body of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


monoacylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


tRNA end turnover

The process in which the 3'-terminal CCA of a tRNA is removed and restored. This often happens to uncharged tRNA.


beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


miltiradiene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving miltiradiene.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-D-glucose.


mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information between a mesenchymal cell and an endodermal cell.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (feruloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + ferulate + H+.


wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing.


suppression by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin production in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone.


detection of high humidity

The series of events in which high humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.


ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor activity

Combining with ecdysis-triggering hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


ACU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACU codon.


haltere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized.


brexanolone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brexanolone.


lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


all-trans-retinol binding

Binding to all-trans-retinol.


aliphatic nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CN + H2O = R-COOH + NH3.


S-alkylthiohydroximate lyase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of a S-alkylthiohydroximate to a thiohydroximate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADPH + O2 = 6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NADP+.


spermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + H2O2.


lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate. This pathway of prokaryotic lysine biosynthesis via alpha-aminoadipate was discovered in the hyper-thermophilic Gram-negative eubacterium Thermus thermophilus. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This undergoes acetylation, to form N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate, and is then phosphorylated to give N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate. This is converted to N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde, which is then converted to N2-acetyl-L-lysine. A final deacetylation reaction produces L-lysine.


ommatidial rotation

The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification.


The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own aspartate amino acid residues, or an aspartate residue on an identical protein.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal

Any process which decreases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


positive regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.


anther dehiscence

The dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.


9-fluorenone-3,4-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone.


aerobic sulfur oxidation

A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase, and requires the presence of oxygen.


sulochrin oxidase [(-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2R)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O.


protein-tetrapyrrole linkage

The covalent linking of a tetrapyrrole to a protein.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and contributing to the shaping of a Malpighian tubule.


N-cyclopropylammelide alkylamino hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammelide + H2O = cyclopropylamine + cyanuric acid.


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.


box H/ACA RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small RNA transcript into a mature box H/ACA RNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate + NADP+ = palmitoylglycerone phosphate + NADPH + H+.


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal cysteine residue to form N-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.


fatty acid methyl ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid methyl ester.


glucocorticoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline

The glycosylation of proteins via 04 atom of hydroxyproline to form O4-glycosyl-L-hydroxyproline; the most common form is arabinofuranosyl-4-proline.


imaginal disc lineage restriction

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between compartments in an imaginal disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


regulation of biological quality

Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.


stalled ribosome sensor activity

A molecule that recognizes stalled ribosomes and initiates a signalling response.


intramolecular lyase activity

The catalysis of certain rearrangements of a molecule to break or form a ring.


positive regulation of homophilic cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + L-lysyl-[protein].


vanillin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + vanillin.


3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


DN3 thymocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN3 thymocyte. A DN3 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25+.


dihydrofolic acid binding

Binding to dihydrofolic acid, a folic acid in which the bicyclic pteridine structure is in the dihydro, partially reduced form; they are intermediates in folate metabolism and are reduced to their tetrahydro, reduced forms.


dissimilatory sulfate reduction

The reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, which acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Sulfate is activated to adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) which is then reduced to sulfite, which is in turn reduced to hydrogen sulfide.


verbascose galactinol:ajugose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: verbascose + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol <=> ajugose + myo-inositol.


regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


behavioral response to wounding

A behavioral response resulting from wounding.


cellular response to nocodazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.


Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.


serine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + NADP+ = L-alpha-formylglycine + 2 H+ + NADPH.


peripheral B cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of mature B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.


abietadiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = (-)-abietadiene + diphosphate.


tropinone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pseudotropine = H+ + NADPH + tropinone.


cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle

Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


envenomation resulting in blood agglutination in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with specific proteins binding to cell-surface carbohydrates and causing calcium-dependent agglutination of blood cells in the bitten organism.


Enables the directed movement of lysophospholipids from one side of a membrane to the other. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-5-hydroxytoluene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3,5-dimethoxytoluene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


L-gulonolactone oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-xylo-hex-3-ulonolactone + H2O2.


interleukin-33 production

The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


dTDP-mannose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = calcitriol + H2O + NADP+.


cell differentiation involved in pronephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


amphiregulin production

The appearance of amphiregulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor protein that can engage in juxtacrine signaling on adjacent cells. Alternatively, after proteolytic processing by cell membrane proteases, mainly TACE/ADAM17, AREG is secreted and behaves as an autocrine or paracrine factor.


positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process by which one organism increases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


modulation by symbiont of abscisic acid levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of abscisic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


foraging behavior

Behavior by which an organism locates food.


regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] = CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[6-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside].


protein insertion into membrane raft

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


cellobiose binding

Binding to cellobiose, a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + gramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.


somatic diversification of immune receptors by N region addition

The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the immune receptor gene.


myelination of lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of a lateral line nerve.


gallate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid).


detection of pH by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors.


monoacylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


alpha-pinene lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene = limonene.


amyloid-beta formation

The generation of amyloid-beta by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).


movement in host

The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-histidine methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine) or peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).


regulation of cell wall integrity MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.


extracellular ammonia-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular ammonia (NH3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-histidine = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.


guanine salvage

Any process that generates guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


camalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.


dimethylmaleate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate = dimethylmaleate + H2O.


monocyte homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of monocytes such that the total number of monocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


positive regulation of egg-laying behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition.


GPCR sweet taste receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of sweet taste.


sulfur incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing uridine at position 54 + FADH + H+ = tetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing ribothymidine at position 54 + FAD+.


alpha-zeacarotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-zeacarotene.


D-leucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-leucine.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.


response to benzene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzene stimulus.


dibenzothiophene desulfurization

The removal of the sulfur atom from dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.


trimethylarsine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylarsine oxide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = trimethylarsine + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: homocystine + 2 reduced glutathione = oxidized glutathione + 2 homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + O2 = 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxymuconoyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + 2 H+.


polyterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.


helper T cell extravasation

The migration of a helper T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A helper T-cell is an effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells.


metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any metalloendopeptidase activity that is involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


positive regulation of response to salt stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.


box C/D snoRNP complex binding

Binding to a box C/D snoRNP complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = N-(beta-D-glucosyl)nicotinate + UDP.


DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


negative regulation of AV node cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + S-adenosylmethioninamine = N1-aminopropylagmatine + 5'-methylthioadenosine.


adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains

An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) incorporating leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Examples of this process are found in jawless fish, including the lampreys (Petromyzontidae) and hagfishes (Myxinidae).


GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-glucose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate + GDP.


2-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 2-phenanthrylsulfate.


formation of animal organ boundary

The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + ATP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + ADP + H+.


gibberellin A13,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A13 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A43 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate + H2O = NTP + NMP. Acts on bis(5'-guanosyl)-, bis(5'-xanthosyl)-, bis(5'-adenosyl)- and bis(5'-uridyl)-tetraphosphate.


protein localization to equatorial microtubule organizing center

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an equatorial microtubule organizing center.


ansamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.


tetracyclic triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.


N-substituted formamide deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzylformamide + H2O = formate + benzylamine.


epi-isozizaene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-epi-isozizaene + diphosphate.


outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an outer hair cell.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of umami taste

The series of events required for a umami taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.


regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycerol = AH(2) + glycerone.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


R-lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


hydroxyectoine binding

Binding to hydroxyectoine.


innate immune response-inhibiting signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an innate immune response.


negative regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.


sucrose-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose 6-phosphate = UDP + sucrose 6-phosphate.


emericellin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellin.


negative regulation of pigment cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.


CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

The series of molecular signals in which calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity enabled by a CAMKK directly activates an AMPK. The cascade begins with calmodulin binding calcium which in turn binds CAMKK enabling its calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity. The cascade ends with AMP-activated protein kinase activity.


dolichyldiphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + H2O = dolichyl phosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


negative regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


5-methylcytosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


hydrogen dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + H2 = NADPH + H+.


dentate nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + L-glutamate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + L-glutamine + H2O.


rhombomere 4 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


luciferin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the generalized reaction: luciferin + O2 = oxidized luciferin + CO2 + light. There may be additional substrates and reactants involved in the reaction. The reaction results in light emission as luciferin returns to the ground state after enzymatic oxidation.


left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


tRNA-specific adenosine-37 deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + H2O + NADP+.


atrazine N-dealkylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + O2 + 2 H+ = deethylatrazine + acetaldehyde + H2O.


regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.


ground tissue pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the ground tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = citrazinate + reduced acceptor.


catechol catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between a hydroxylated carbon atom and an adjacent unsubstituted carbon atom.


negative regulation by symbiont of salicylic acid levels in host

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


all-trans-phytoene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> all-trans-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


U5 snRNA binding

Binding to a U5 small nuclear RNA (U5 snRNA).


establishment of bipolar cell polarity involved in cell morphogenesis

The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that contribute to cell morphogenesis. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


copper chelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a copper chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. A copper chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


detection of sucrose stimulus

The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


intracellular mRNA localization involved in pattern specification process

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within an oocyte that results in a pattern being established in the embryo.


cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanin betaine + H2O <=> cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + beta-D-glucose.


nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ = L-xylulose + CO2.


negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


glutamate-putrescine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + putrescine = gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


L-glutamate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + O2 + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.


gastrulation with mouth forming first

A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second.


posterior semicircular canal development

The progession of the posterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: microsomal-membrane protein + diphosphate = diphosphate + O-phospho-microsomal-membrane protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methylnaphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.


macrophage fusion

The binding and fusion of a macrophage to one or more other cells to form a multinucleated cell.


glucuronan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl end + (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronans to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. Complete degradation of glucuronans results in the formation of tetrasaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylaniline + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + isopropylamine.


endosulfan hemisulfate sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hemisulfate + H2O = endosulfan monoalcohol + 2 H+ + sulfate.


nitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.


regulation of bile acid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue.


fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumitremorgin B.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA.


xanthophyll cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.


maintenance of neuroblast polarity

The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.


ATP-dependent protein-DNA unloader activity

Facilitating the removal of a protein or protein complex from a DNA molecule driven by ATP hydrolysis. This can be achieved for example by introducing non-canonical DNA structures or generating torque to directly inhibit a protein-DNA binding interaction.


positive regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


glucosinolate biosynthetic process from phenylalanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including phenylalanine.


redox taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to redox potential.


photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I

After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


DNA synthesis involved in mitochondrial DNA replication

Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication.


positive regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.


mercury ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mercury (Hg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


alpha-pinene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + pinocarveol.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + ATP = 5-methyldeoxycytidine diphosphate + ADP + H+.


brexanolone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which living organisms transform brexanolone.


microglial cell proliferation

The expansion of a microglial cell population by cell division.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils

An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH(2-) + H+ <=> 4alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) + 2 H2O.


suppression by symbiont of host inflammatory response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


L-leucine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-leucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-leucine is 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


tight junction assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction. A tight junction seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy, 4-beta-methyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


lipid ubiquitination

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a lipid.


ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES

The transcription of non-coding RNA associated with transcriptional start and end sites of protein coding genes. This occurs at some low level for many protein coding genes.


response to red or far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


(R)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye

Any negative regulation of vasculature development that is involved in developing an avascular cornea of a camera-type eye.


caudate nucleus development

The progression of the caudate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The caudate nucleus is the C-shaped structures of the striatum containing input neurons involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitine + octanoyl-CoA = (S)-octanoylcarnitine + CoA.


oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 O2 + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 H2O2 + protoporphyrin IX.


glutamic-type endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.


peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide

The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide (3-methyl-L-lanthionine sulfoxide), as found in the antibiotic actagardine.


Catalysis of the reaction: desacetoxyvindoline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = desacetylvindoline + succinate + CO2.


light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion

The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.


catalytic activity, acting on a tRNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a tRNA.


betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine + Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline = UDP + Skp1-protein-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)hydroxyproline.


modulation of penetration peg formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis by non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that decreased the extent of cell adhesion that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


CGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGA codon.


aerobic lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the presence of oxygen.


nitrate reductase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferrocytochrome + nitrate = ferricytochrome + nitrite.


memory T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a memory T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


Malpighian tubule principal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule principal cell. A Malpighian tubule principal cell is an epithelial secretory cell that transports cations into the lumen of the tubule.


hepatocyte homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hepatocytes within a population of cells. Hepatocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the liver that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


detection of cell density

The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to dinitrophenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.


negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


oligosaccharide transporting porin activity

Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-valine + ATP = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-valine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


amidinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reversible transfer of an amidino group to an acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: quinolin-2-ol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dihydroquinoline + NAD+.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (non-phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NADP+ = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + phosphoramidate = hexose 1-phosphate + NH3.


DNA amplification

The process in which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment.


D-xylose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


U1 snRNP binding

Binding to a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.


trimetaphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + trimetaphosphate = 2 H+ + triphosphate.


histone H2A acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


malolactic enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malate + H+ = L-lactate + CO2.


regulation of odontoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.


The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins to form the derivative N2-acetyl-L-lysine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.


D-glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of mannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.


peptide cross-linking via 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone

The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of amine dehydrogenase.


juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to juvenile hormone acid.


xanthophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


rRNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the N-glycosylic bond at A-4324 in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes or corresponding sites in 28S RNA from other species.


terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system

The process in which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange.


methylseleninic acid reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeO2H => NADP+ + CH3SeOH + H2O.


allantoin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.


serotonin-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoic acid + CoASH.


eye field cell fate commitment involved in camera-type eye formation

The commitment of neurectodermal cells to cells of the eye field and their capacity to differentiate into eye field cells. Eye field cells are neurectodermal cells that will form the optic placode.


(E)-beta-ocimene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (E)-beta-ocimene + diphosphate.


lavandulyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + lavandulyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reactions: cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol + NADP+ + H2O, and cholest-5-ene-3beta,27-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,27-triol + NADP+ + H2O.


gibberellin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + glycochenodeoxycholate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate + H+.


epithelial cell apoptotic process involved in palatal shelf morphogenesis

An apoptotic process in a palatal shelf epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of the palatal shelf.


glycolytic fermentation to propionate

Glycolytic fermentation resulting in the catabolism of glucose to propionate, yielding energy in the form of ATP; an alternative to the acrylate pathway to produce propionate.


pyrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene.


ganglioside GP1c binding

Binding to ganglioside GP1c.


hypoxanthine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.


negative regulation of microglial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.


detection of electrical stimulus

The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to cordycepin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.


cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic ADP-ribose + H20 = ADP-ribose (ADPR).


negative regulation of transformation of host cell by virus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.


anthranilate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + anthranilate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + anthranilyl-CoA.


chlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-enoate-4-benzenoid + H2O = pyruvate + benzaldehyde derivative. Substrates are (3E)-4-(5-amino-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-but-3-ene-1-oic-acid (forms 5-aminosalicylaldehyde) and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate (forms salicylaldehyde).


formate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + a quinone = CO2 + a quinol.


pentraxin receptor activity

Combining with a pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a vascular smooth muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


thiazole synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 2-iminoacetate + thiocarboxy-adenylate-[sulfur-carrier protein ThiS] = 2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate + [sulfur-carrier protein ThiS] + 2 H2O.


tellurite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tellurite from one side of a membrane to the other. Tellurite is a salt of tellurous acid or an oxide of tellurium which occurs sparingly in tufts of white or yellowish crystals.


superior vena cava morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of superior vena cava generated and organized. The superior vena cava is a blood vessel that transports blood from the upper body to the heart.


E-series resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family E-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from icosapentaenoic acid.


5-hydroxymethyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 5-hydroxymethyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar.


halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase B activity

Catalysis of the elimination of HCl from a chloropropanol, yielding an epoxypropane.


rejection of pollen from other species

The recognition and rejection of pollen of one species by cells in the stigma of another species.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-lactose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + lactose(out) = protein histidine + lactose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XCH3 = 1-methoxypyrene + HX.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.


capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


energy derivation by oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from inorganic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.


platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor activity

Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + kaempferol = UDP + kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside.


axon arborization

The process in which the terminal anatomical structures of an axon are generated and organized into branches of specialised projections, or boutons. An axon is the long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminal branches.


regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + caffeoyl-CoA = pelargonidin 3-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside) 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + UDP-galactose = O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP.


negative regulation of osmosensory signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling pathway.


exon-exon junction complex disassembly

The disaggregation of an exon-exon junction complex into its constituent components.


Catalysis of the reaction: aldose 1-phosphate + NDP = phosphate + NDP-aldose.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate.


heart jogging

The morphogenetic process in which the heart cone is displaced to the left with respect to the vector of the anterior-posterior axis.


histone H3R8 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 8)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 8) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 8.


The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the chitin-based adult cuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation in Drosophila melanogaster.


licodione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + liquiritigenin + NADPH + O2 = H2O + licodione + NADP+.


RNA dinucleotide insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a dinucleotide.


lipopolysaccharide floppase activity

Enables the transfer of a lipopolysaccharide from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


negative regulation of glutamine transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.


regulation of plasma cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + diphosphate = adenine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


racemase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives

Catalysis of the interconversion of the two enantiomers of a chiral amino acid or amino acid derivative.


viral budding from plasma membrane

A viral budding that starts with formation of a curvature in the host plasma membrane around which the virion particle assembles.


glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucuronate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucuronate is the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (diphosphate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + oxaloacetate = CO2 + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-hydroxyflavone <=> 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-7-hydroxyflavone + UDP + H+.


sorocarp stalk development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


Enables the transfer of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of tRNA export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.


clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, trans-Golgi to endosome targeting

The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the trans-Golgi to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.


endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.


costunolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + O2 + NADPH + 2 H+ = costunolide + 2 H2O + NADP.


zeaxanthin 2-beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: zeaxanthin + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> caloxanthin + H2O + NAD.


metal ion binding

Binding to a metal ion.


cellobiose epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose = D-glucosyl-D-mannose.


alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: primary alcohol + acceptor = aldehyde + reduced acceptor.


regulation of plant organ morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.


plastid membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of either of the lipid bilayers surrounding a plastid.


chlorinated hydrocarbon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorinated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms.


UGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGU codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide + O2 + 2 NADH + H+ = 2 NAD+ + H2O + 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate.


p-cumate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cumate.


B cell tolerance induction

A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in B cells.


FMN reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD(P)+ = FMN + NAD(P)H + H+. This reaction can utilize NADH and NADPH with similar reaction rates.


L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other.


barbiturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: barbiturate + H2O = malonate + urea.


linoleic acid epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts linoleic acid to a cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid.


dihydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + dihydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADP.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-glucoside(out) + H+(out) = alpha-glucoside(in) + H+(in). Alpha-glucosides include trehalose, maltose, turanose, isomaltose, alpha-methylglucoside, maltotriose, palatinose, trehalose and melezitose.


chondroitin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of hexosaminic linkages in chondroitin, a linear polymer structure composed of the repeating disaccharide unit [->4)-D-glucuronic acid-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-(1-], also written as [->4GlcUA1->3GalNAc1-].


adhesion of symbiont germination tube to host

The attachment of a germination tube of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of myotube cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myotube cell migration.


somatic motor neuron fate commitment

The commitment of unspecified motor neurons to specific motor neuron cell along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord and their capacity to differentiate into specific motor neurons.


citramalate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate = acetate + pyruvate.


glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced coenzyme F420.


UCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCC codon.


establishment of planar polarity involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.


cholesterol transfer activity

Removes cholesterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


arogenate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD(P)+ = L-tyrosine + NAD(P)H + CO2.


histone H2AS1 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-serine (position 1) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphoserine (position 1) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 1 of histone H2A.


regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.


parathion metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound formerly used as a broad spectrum insecticide, acaricide, fumigant and nematocide. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.


generation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step

Formation of a catalytic spliceosome complex ready to perform the first splicing reaction. This occurs by an ATP-dependent conformational change of the pre-catalytic spliceosome.


fructan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


1,2-dehydroreticulinium reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + NADP+ = 1,2-dehydroreticuline + H+ + NADPH.


nuclear dicing body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear dicing body.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + H+ + a long-chain acyl-[acp] + a reduced electron acceptor = 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a terminal olefin + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein] + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cerebroside-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a cerebroside 3-sulfate + H2O = a cerebroside + sulfate.


glutamate catabolic process to ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including ornithine.


regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


mitotic G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.


lactam biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


ABC-type monosaccharide transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + monosaccharide(in). Ribose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and methylgalactoside are imported.


insulin receptor activity

Combining with insulin receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of forward locomotion

Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-mannitol phosphotransferase system transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + mannitol(out) = protein histidine + mannitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


kinetochore adaptor activity

The binding activity of a protein that brings the kinetochore and another molecule into contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


rhamnolipid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation/production of a glycolipid surfactant that acts as a bacterial biofilm dispersal.


negative regulation of border follicle cell delamination

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


phosphoglycerate kinase (GTP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GTP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + GDP + H+.


inositol hexakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


cellular response to amphetamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.


thromboxane-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = thromboxane A(2).


positive regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

Maintenance of the oocyte nucleus in a particular position within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the axes of the oocyte. An example of this process is found In Drosophila melanogaster.


lipid droplet formation

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts of a lipid droplet.